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href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Geselshoekie" title="Agtergrondinligting oor aktuele sake"><span>Geselshoekie</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Spesiaal:Onlangse_wysigings" title="'n Lys van onlangse wysigings [r]" accesskey="r"><span>Onlangse wysigings</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Spesiaal:Lukraak" title="Laai 'n lukrake bladsye [x]" accesskey="x"><span>Lukrake bladsy</span></a></li><li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Help:Contents" title="Vind meer uit oor iets"><span>Hulp</span></a></li><li id="n-Sandput" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Sandput"><span>Sandput</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Tuisblad" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img 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class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Voorkoms"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Change the appearance of the page's font size, width, and color" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Voorkoms" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Voorkoms</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_af.wikipedia.org&uselang=af" class=""><span>Skenkings</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Spesiaal:SkepRekening&returnto=Peru" title="U word aangemoedig om 'n gebruiker te skep en aan te meld, hoewel dit nie verpligtend is nie." class=""><span>Skep gebruiker</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Spesiaal:Teken_in&returnto=Peru" title="U word aangemoedig om aan te meld. Dit is egter nie verpligtend nie. [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Meld aan</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Meer opsies" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Persoonlike gereedskap" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Persoonlike gereedskap</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="User menu" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_af.wikipedia.org&uselang=af"><span>Skenkings</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spesiaal:SkepRekening&returnto=Peru" title="U word aangemoedig om 'n gebruiker te skep en aan te meld, hoewel dit nie verpligtend is nie."><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Skep gebruiker</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spesiaal:Teken_in&returnto=Peru" title="U word aangemoedig om aan te meld. Dit is egter nie verpligtend nie. [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Meld aan</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Bladsye vir uitgemelde redakteurs <a href="/wiki/Hulp:Inleiding" aria-label="Leer meer oor redigering"><span>leer meer</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Spesiaal:Mybydrae" title="A list of edits made from this IP address [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Bydraes</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Spesiaal:Mybespreking" title="Bespreking oor bydraes van hierdie IP-adres [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Bespreking</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Werf"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Inhoud" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Inhoud</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">skuif na kantbalk</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">versteek</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Inleiding</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Geografie" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Geografie"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Geografie</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Geografie-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Wissel Geografie subafdeling</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Geografie-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Die_Fisiografiese_Streke_van_Peru" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Die_Fisiografiese_Streke_van_Peru"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Die Fisiografiese Streke van Peru</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Die_Fisiografiese_Streke_van_Peru-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Geskiedenis" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Geskiedenis"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Geskiedenis</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Geskiedenis-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Geologiese_opbou" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Geologiese_opbou"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Geologiese opbou</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Geologiese_opbou-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Landskappe" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Landskappe"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Landskappe</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Landskappe-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Klimaat_en_plantegroei" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Klimaat_en_plantegroei"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Klimaat en plantegroei</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Klimaat_en_plantegroei-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Taal_en_godsdiens" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Taal_en_godsdiens"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Taal en godsdiens</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Taal_en_godsdiens-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Onderwys" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Onderwys"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Onderwys</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Onderwys-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Gesondheidsorg_en_sosiale_voorsiening" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Gesondheidsorg_en_sosiale_voorsiening"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Gesondheidsorg en sosiale voorsiening</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Gesondheidsorg_en_sosiale_voorsiening-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Verwysings" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Verwysings"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Verwysings</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Verwysings-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bronnelys" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bronnelys"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Bronnelys</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bronnelys-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Eksterne_skakels" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Eksterne_skakels"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>Eksterne skakels</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Eksterne_skakels-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Inhoud" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Wissel die inhoudsopgawe" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Wissel die inhoudsopgawe</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Peru</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Gaan na 'n artikel in 'n ander taal. Beskikbaar in 261 tale" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-261" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">261 tale</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ab mw-list-item"><a href="https://ab.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%83" title="Перу – Abkasies" lang="ab" hreflang="ab" data-title="Перу" data-language-autonym="Аԥсшәа" data-language-local-name="Abkasies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Аԥсшәа</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ace mw-list-item"><a href="https://ace.wikipedia.org/wiki/P%C3%A8ru" title="Pèru – Atsjenees" lang="ace" hreflang="ace" data-title="Pèru" data-language-autonym="Acèh" data-language-local-name="Atsjenees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Acèh</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ady mw-list-item"><a href="https://ady.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%83" title="Перу – Adyghe" lang="ady" hreflang="ady" data-title="Перу" data-language-autonym="Адыгабзэ" data-language-local-name="Adyghe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Адыгабзэ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peru" title="Peru – Switserse Duits" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Peru" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="Switserse Duits" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8D%94%E1%88%A9" title="ፔሩ – Amharies" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="ፔሩ" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="Amharies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ami mw-list-item"><a href="https://ami.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peru" title="Peru – Amis" lang="ami" hreflang="ami" data-title="Peru" data-language-autonym="Pangcah" data-language-local-name="Amis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Pangcah</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Per%C3%BA" title="Perú – Aragonees" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Perú" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ang mw-list-item"><a href="https://ang.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peru" title="Peru – Old English" lang="ang" hreflang="ang" data-title="Peru" data-language-autonym="Ænglisc" data-language-local-name="Old English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ænglisc</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-anp mw-list-item"><a href="https://anp.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%81" title="पेरु – Angika" lang="anp" hreflang="anp" data-title="पेरु" data-language-autonym="अंगिका" data-language-local-name="Angika" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>अंगिका</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="good article badge"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%B1%D9%88" title="بيرو – Arabies" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="بيرو" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ary mw-list-item"><a href="https://ary.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%D9%8A%D8%B1%D9%88" title="پيرو – Moroccan Arabic" lang="ary" hreflang="ary" data-title="پيرو" data-language-autonym="الدارجة" data-language-local-name="Moroccan Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>الدارجة</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%B1%D9%88" title="بيرو – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="بيرو" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-as mw-list-item"><a href="https://as.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AA%E0%A7%87%E0%A7%B0%E0%A7%81" title="পেৰু – Assamees" lang="as" hreflang="as" data-title="পেৰু" data-language-autonym="অসমীয়া" data-language-local-name="Assamees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>অসমীয়া</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Per%C3%BA" title="Perú – Asturies" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Perú" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-avk mw-list-item"><a href="https://avk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perua" title="Perua – Kotava" lang="avk" hreflang="avk" data-title="Perua" data-language-autonym="Kotava" data-language-local-name="Kotava" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kotava</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-awa mw-list-item"><a href="https://awa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%82" title="पेरू – Awadhi" lang="awa" hreflang="awa" data-title="पेरू" data-language-autonym="अवधी" data-language-local-name="Awadhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>अवधी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ay mw-list-item"><a href="https://ay.wikipedia.org/wiki/Piruw" title="Piruw – Aymara" lang="ay" hreflang="ay" data-title="Piruw" data-language-autonym="Aymar aru" data-language-local-name="Aymara" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aymar aru</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peru" title="Peru – Azerbeidjans" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Peru" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbeidjans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%D8%B1%D9%88" title="پرو – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="پرو" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%83" title="Перу – Baskir" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Перу" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="Baskir" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ban mw-list-item"><a href="https://ban.wikipedia.org/wiki/P%C3%A9ru" title="Péru – Balinees" lang="ban" hreflang="ban" data-title="Péru" data-language-autonym="Basa Bali" data-language-local-name="Balinees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Bali</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peru" title="Peru – Bavarian" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="Peru" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="Bavarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Boarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Per%C5%AB" title="Perū – Samogitian" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="Perū" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="Samogitian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Žemaitėška</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peru" title="Peru – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Peru" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%83" title="Перу – Belarussies" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Перу" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarussies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%8D%D1%80%D1%83" title="Пэру – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Пэру" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bew mw-list-item"><a href="https://bew.wikipedia.org/wiki/P%C3%A9ru" title="Péru – Betawi" lang="bew" hreflang="bew" data-title="Péru" data-language-autonym="Betawi" data-language-local-name="Betawi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Betawi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%83" title="Перу – Bulgaars" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Перу" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgaars" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%82" title="पेरू – Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="पेरू" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>भोजपुरी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bi mw-list-item"><a href="https://bi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peru" title="Peru – Bislama" lang="bi" hreflang="bi" data-title="Peru" data-language-autonym="Bislama" data-language-local-name="Bislama" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bislama</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-blk mw-list-item"><a href="https://blk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%95%E1%80%B2%E1%80%9B%E1%80%B0%E1%80%B8%E1%80%81%E1%80%99%E1%80%BA%E1%80%B8%E1%80%91%E1%80%AE" title="ပဲရူးခမ်းထီ – Pa'O" lang="blk" hreflang="blk" data-title="ပဲရူးခမ်းထီ" data-language-autonym="ပအိုဝ်ႏဘာႏသာႏ" data-language-local-name="Pa'O" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ပအိုဝ်ႏဘာႏသာႏ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bm mw-list-item"><a href="https://bm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peru" title="Peru – Bambara" lang="bm" hreflang="bm" data-title="Peru" data-language-autonym="Bamanankan" data-language-local-name="Bambara" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bamanankan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AA%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%81" title="পেরু – Bengaals" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="পেরু" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bengaals" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bo mw-list-item"><a href="https://bo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BD%94%E0%BD%BA%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%A2%E0%BD%B4%E0%BC%8D" title="པེ་རུ། – Tibettaans" lang="bo" hreflang="bo" data-title="པེ་རུ།" data-language-autonym="བོད་ཡིག" data-language-local-name="Tibettaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>བོད་ཡིག</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bpy mw-list-item"><a href="https://bpy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AA%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%81" title="পেরু – Bishnupriya" lang="bpy" hreflang="bpy" data-title="পেরু" data-language-autonym="বিষ্ণুপ্রিয়া মণিপুরী" data-language-local-name="Bishnupriya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বিষ্ণুপ্রিয়া মণিপুরী</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perou" title="Perou – Bretons" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Perou" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Bretons" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peru" title="Peru – Bosnies" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Peru" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bxr mw-list-item"><a href="https://bxr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%83" title="Перу – Russia Buriat" lang="bxr" hreflang="bxr" data-title="Перу" data-language-autonym="Буряад" data-language-local-name="Russia Buriat" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Буряад</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Per%C3%BA" title="Perú – Katalaans" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Perú" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Katalaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peru" title="Peru – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Peru" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%83" title="Перу – Tsjetsjeens" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Перу" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="Tsjetsjeens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peru" title="Peru – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Peru" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ch mw-list-item"><a href="https://ch.wikipedia.org/wiki/Per%C3%BA" title="Perú – Chamorro" lang="ch" hreflang="ch" data-title="Perú" data-language-autonym="Chamoru" data-language-local-name="Chamorro" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Chamoru</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-chy mw-list-item"><a href="https://chy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peru" title="Peru – Cheyennees" lang="chy" hreflang="chy" data-title="Peru" data-language-autonym="Tsetsêhestâhese" data-language-local-name="Cheyennees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tsetsêhestâhese</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%DB%8E%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%88" title="پێروو – Sorani" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="پێروو" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Sorani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-co mw-list-item"><a href="https://co.wikipedia.org/wiki/Per%C3%B9" title="Perù – Korsikaans" lang="co" hreflang="co" data-title="Perù" data-language-autonym="Corsu" data-language-local-name="Korsikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Corsu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-crh mw-list-item"><a href="https://crh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peru" title="Peru – Crimean Tatar" lang="crh" hreflang="crh" data-title="Peru" data-language-autonym="Qırımtatarca" data-language-local-name="Crimean Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qırımtatarca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peru" title="Peru – Tsjeggies" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Peru" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Tsjeggies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%83" title="Перу – Chuvash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Перу" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Chuvash" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Periw" title="Periw – Wallies" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Periw" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Wallies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da badge-Q17559452 badge-recommendedarticle mw-list-item" title="recommended article"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peru" title="Peru – Deens" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Peru" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Deens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peru" title="Peru – Duits" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Peru" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="Duits" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peru" title="Peru – Zazaki" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Peru" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Zazaki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://dsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peru" title="Peru – Benedesorbies" lang="dsb" hreflang="dsb" data-title="Peru" data-language-autonym="Dolnoserbski" data-language-local-name="Benedesorbies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dolnoserbski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dty mw-list-item"><a href="https://dty.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%82" title="पेरू – Doteli" lang="dty" hreflang="dty" data-title="पेरू" data-language-autonym="डोटेली" data-language-local-name="Doteli" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>डोटेली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dv mw-list-item"><a href="https://dv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DE%95%DE%AC%DE%83%DE%AB" title="ޕެރޫ – Divehi" lang="dv" hreflang="dv" data-title="ޕެރޫ" data-language-autonym="ދިވެހިބަސް" data-language-local-name="Divehi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ދިވެހިބަސް</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ee mw-list-item"><a href="https://ee.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peru" title="Peru – Ewe" lang="ee" hreflang="ee" data-title="Peru" data-language-autonym="Eʋegbe" data-language-local-name="Ewe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eʋegbe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A0%CE%B5%CF%81%CE%BF%CF%8D" title="Περού – Grieks" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Περού" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Grieks" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peru" title="Peru – Engels" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Peru" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="Engels" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peruo" title="Peruo – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Peruo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Per%C3%BA" title="Perú – Spaans" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Perú" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peruu" title="Peruu – Estnies" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Peruu" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estnies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peru" title="Peru – Baskies" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Peru" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Baskies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ext mw-list-item"><a href="https://ext.wikipedia.org/wiki/Per%C3%BA" title="Perú – Extremaduran" lang="ext" hreflang="ext" data-title="Perú" data-language-autonym="Estremeñu" data-language-local-name="Extremaduran" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Estremeñu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%D8%B1%D9%88" title="پرو – Persies" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="پرو" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ff mw-list-item"><a href="https://ff.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peru" title="Peru – Fulah" lang="ff" hreflang="ff" data-title="Peru" data-language-autonym="Fulfulde" data-language-local-name="Fulah" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fulfulde</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi badge-Q17559452 badge-recommendedarticle mw-list-item" title="recommended article"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peru" title="Peru – Fins" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Peru" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Fins" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fiu-vro mw-list-item"><a href="https://fiu-vro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peruu" title="Peruu – Võro" lang="vro" hreflang="vro" data-title="Peruu" data-language-autonym="Võro" data-language-local-name="Võro" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Võro</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fj mw-list-item"><a href="https://fj.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peru" title="Peru – Fidjiaans" lang="fj" hreflang="fj" data-title="Peru" data-language-autonym="Na Vosa Vakaviti" data-language-local-name="Fidjiaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Na Vosa Vakaviti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peru" title="Peru – Faroëes" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="Peru" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="Faroëes" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Føroyskt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/P%C3%A9rou" title="Pérou – Frans" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Pérou" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="Frans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frp mw-list-item"><a href="https://frp.wikipedia.org/wiki/P%C3%A8rou" title="Pèrou – Arpitan" lang="frp" hreflang="frp" data-title="Pèrou" data-language-autonym="Arpetan" data-language-local-name="Arpitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Arpetan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peruu" title="Peruu – Noord-Fries" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Peruu" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="Noord-Fries" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fur mw-list-item"><a href="https://fur.wikipedia.org/wiki/Per%C3%B9" title="Perù – Friuliaans" lang="fur" hreflang="fur" data-title="Perù" data-language-autonym="Furlan" data-language-local-name="Friuliaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Furlan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Per%C3%BB" title="Perû – Fries" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Perû" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Fries" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peiri%C3%BA" title="Peiriú – Iers" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Peiriú" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Iers" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gag mw-list-item"><a href="https://gag.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peru" title="Peru – Gagauz" lang="gag" hreflang="gag" data-title="Peru" data-language-autonym="Gagauz" data-language-local-name="Gagauz" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gagauz</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gcr mw-list-item"><a href="https://gcr.wikipedia.org/wiki/P%C3%A9rou" title="Pérou – Guianan Creole" lang="gcr" hreflang="gcr" data-title="Pérou" data-language-autonym="Kriyòl gwiyannen" data-language-local-name="Guianan Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kriyòl gwiyannen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pear%C3%B9" title="Pearù – Skotse Gallies" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Pearù" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="Skotse Gallies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Per%C3%BA" title="Perú – Galisies" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Perú" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galisies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Per%C5%A9" title="Perũ – Guarani" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="Perũ" data-language-autonym="Avañe'ẽ" data-language-local-name="Guarani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Avañe'ẽ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gom mw-list-item"><a href="https://gom.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%82" title="पेरू – Goan Konkani" lang="gom" hreflang="gom" data-title="पेरू" data-language-autonym="गोंयची कोंकणी / Gõychi Konknni" data-language-local-name="Goan Konkani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>गोंयची कोंकणी / Gõychi Konknni</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-got mw-list-item"><a href="https://got.wikipedia.org/wiki/%F0%90%8D%80%F0%90%8C%B0%F0%90%8C%B9%F0%90%8D%82%F0%90%8C%BF" title="𐍀𐌰𐌹𐍂𐌿 – Goties" lang="got" hreflang="got" data-title="𐍀𐌰𐌹𐍂𐌿" data-language-autonym="𐌲𐌿𐍄𐌹𐍃𐌺" data-language-local-name="Goties" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>𐌲𐌿𐍄𐌹𐍃𐌺</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gu mw-list-item"><a href="https://gu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AA%AA%E0%AB%87%E0%AA%B0%E0%AB%81_(%E0%AA%A6%E0%AB%87%E0%AA%B6)" title="પેરુ (દેશ) – Goedjarati" lang="gu" hreflang="gu" data-title="પેરુ (દેશ)" data-language-autonym="ગુજરાતી" data-language-local-name="Goedjarati" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ગુજરાતી</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-guc mw-list-item"><a href="https://guc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peruu" title="Peruu – Wayuu" lang="guc" hreflang="guc" data-title="Peruu" data-language-autonym="Wayuunaiki" data-language-local-name="Wayuu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Wayuunaiki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gv mw-list-item"><a href="https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yn_Pheroo" title="Yn Pheroo – Manx" lang="gv" hreflang="gv" data-title="Yn Pheroo" data-language-autonym="Gaelg" data-language-local-name="Manx" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaelg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peru" title="Peru – Hausa" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Peru" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="Hausa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hausa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peru" title="Peru – Hakka-Sjinees" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Peru" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="Hakka-Sjinees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-haw mw-list-item"><a href="https://haw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pelu" title="Pelu – Hawais" lang="haw" hreflang="haw" data-title="Pelu" data-language-autonym="Hawaiʻi" data-language-local-name="Hawais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hawaiʻi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A4%D7%A8%D7%95" title="פרו – Hebreeus" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="פרו" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebreeus" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%82" title="पेरू – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="पेरू" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peru" title="Peru – Fiji Hindi" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="Peru" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="Fiji Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fiji Hindi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peru" title="Peru – Kroaties" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Peru" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Kroaties" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://hsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peru" title="Peru – Oppersorbies" lang="hsb" hreflang="hsb" data-title="Peru" data-language-autonym="Hornjoserbsce" data-language-local-name="Oppersorbies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hornjoserbsce</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pewou" title="Pewou – Haïtiaans" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Pewou" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="Haïtiaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peru" title="Peru – Hongaars" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Peru" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hongaars" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%8A%D5%A5%D6%80%D5%B8%D6%82" title="Պերու – Armeens" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Պերու" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armeens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peru" title="Peru – Interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Peru" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="Interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-iba mw-list-item"><a href="https://iba.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peru" title="Peru – Ibanees" lang="iba" hreflang="iba" data-title="Peru" data-language-autonym="Jaku Iban" data-language-local-name="Ibanees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jaku Iban</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peru" title="Peru – Indonesies" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Peru" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ie mw-list-item"><a href="https://ie.wikipedia.org/wiki/Per%C3%BA" title="Perú – Interlingue" lang="ie" hreflang="ie" data-title="Perú" data-language-autonym="Interlingue" data-language-local-name="Interlingue" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingue</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ig mw-list-item"><a href="https://ig.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peru" title="Peru – Igbo" lang="ig" hreflang="ig" data-title="Peru" data-language-autonym="Igbo" data-language-local-name="Igbo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Igbo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peru" title="Peru – Iloko" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="Peru" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="Iloko" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ilokano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peru" title="Peru – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Peru" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Per%C3%BA" title="Perú – Yslands" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Perú" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Yslands" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Per%C3%B9" title="Perù – Italiaans" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Perù" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italiaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%9A%E3%83%AB%E3%83%BC" title="ペルー – Japannees" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ペルー" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japannees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jam mw-list-item"><a href="https://jam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peruu" title="Peruu – Jamaican Creole English" lang="jam" hreflang="jam" data-title="Peruu" data-language-autonym="Patois" data-language-local-name="Jamaican Creole English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Patois</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jbo mw-list-item"><a href="https://jbo.wikipedia.org/wiki/perus" title="perus – Lojban" lang="jbo" hreflang="jbo" data-title="perus" data-language-autonym="La .lojban." data-language-local-name="Lojban" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>La .lojban.</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peru" title="Peru – Javaans" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Peru" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9E%E1%83%94%E1%83%A0%E1%83%A3" title="პერუ – Georgies" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="პერუ" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kaa mw-list-item"><a href="https://kaa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peru" title="Peru – Kara-Kalpak" lang="kaa" hreflang="kaa" data-title="Peru" data-language-autonym="Qaraqalpaqsha" data-language-local-name="Kara-Kalpak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qaraqalpaqsha</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kab mw-list-item"><a href="https://kab.wikipedia.org/wiki/Piru" title="Piru – Kabyle" lang="kab" hreflang="kab" data-title="Piru" data-language-autonym="Taqbaylit" data-language-local-name="Kabyle" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taqbaylit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbp mw-list-item"><a href="https://kbp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peruu" title="Peruu – Kabiye" lang="kbp" hreflang="kbp" data-title="Peruu" data-language-autonym="Kabɩyɛ" data-language-local-name="Kabiye" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kabɩyɛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kg mw-list-item"><a href="https://kg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peru" title="Peru – Kongolees" lang="kg" hreflang="kg" data-title="Peru" data-language-autonym="Kongo" data-language-local-name="Kongolees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kongo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kge mw-list-item"><a href="https://kge.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peru" title="Peru – Komering" lang="kge" hreflang="kge" data-title="Peru" data-language-autonym="Kumoring" data-language-local-name="Komering" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kumoring</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ki mw-list-item"><a href="https://ki.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peru" title="Peru – Kikuyu" lang="ki" hreflang="ki" data-title="Peru" data-language-autonym="Gĩkũyũ" data-language-local-name="Kikuyu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gĩkũyũ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%83" title="Перу – Kazaks" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Перу" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazaks" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-km mw-list-item"><a href="https://km.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%9E%94%E1%9F%89%E1%9F%81%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%BC" title="ប៉េរូ – Khmer" lang="km" hreflang="km" data-title="ប៉េរូ" data-language-autonym="ភាសាខ្មែរ" data-language-local-name="Khmer" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ភាសាខ្មែរ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%AA%E0%B3%86%E0%B2%B0%E0%B3%81" title="ಪೆರು – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಪೆರು" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%8E%98%EB%A3%A8" title="페루 – Koreaans" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="페루" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Koreaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-krc mw-list-item"><a href="https://krc.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%83" title="Перу – Karachay-Balkar" lang="krc" hreflang="krc" data-title="Перу" data-language-autonym="Къарачай-малкъар" data-language-local-name="Karachay-Balkar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Къарачай-малкъар</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Per%C3%BB" title="Perû – Koerdies" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Perû" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Koerdies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kv mw-list-item"><a href="https://kv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%83" title="Перу – Komi" lang="kv" hreflang="kv" data-title="Перу" data-language-autonym="Коми" data-language-local-name="Komi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Коми</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perou" title="Perou – Kornies" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="Perou" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="Kornies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kernowek</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%83" title="Перу – Kirgisies" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Перу" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kirgisies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peruvia" title="Peruvia – Latyn" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Peruvia" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latyn" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lad mw-list-item"><a href="https://lad.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peru" title="Peru – Ladino" lang="lad" hreflang="lad" data-title="Peru" data-language-autonym="Ladino" data-language-local-name="Ladino" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladino</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peru" title="Peru – Luxemburgs" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Peru" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxemburgs" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lez mw-list-item"><a href="https://lez.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%83" title="Перу – Lezghies" lang="lez" hreflang="lez" data-title="Перу" data-language-autonym="Лезги" data-language-local-name="Lezghies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Лезги</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peru" title="Peru – Lingua Franca Nova" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="Peru" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="Lingua Franca Nova" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingua Franca Nova</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lg mw-list-item"><a href="https://lg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peru" title="Peru – Ganda" lang="lg" hreflang="lg" data-title="Peru" data-language-autonym="Luganda" data-language-local-name="Ganda" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Luganda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peru" title="Peru – Limburgs" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Peru" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="Limburgs" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lij mw-list-item"><a href="https://lij.wikipedia.org/wiki/Per%C3%B9" title="Perù – Ligurian" lang="lij" hreflang="lij" data-title="Perù" data-language-autonym="Ligure" data-language-local-name="Ligurian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ligure</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lld mw-list-item"><a href="https://lld.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peru" title="Peru – Ladin" lang="lld" hreflang="lld" data-title="Peru" data-language-autonym="Ladin" data-language-local-name="Ladin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladin</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Per%C3%B9" title="Perù – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Perù" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ln mw-list-item"><a href="https://ln.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peru" title="Peru – Lingaals" lang="ln" hreflang="ln" data-title="Peru" data-language-autonym="Lingála" data-language-local-name="Lingaals" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingála</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BA%9B%E0%BA%B0%E0%BB%80%E0%BA%97%E0%BA%94%E0%BB%80%E0%BA%9B%E0%BA%A3%E0%BA%B9" title="ປະເທດເປຣູ – Lao" lang="lo" hreflang="lo" data-title="ປະເທດເປຣູ" data-language-autonym="ລາວ" data-language-local-name="Lao" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ລາວ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peru" title="Peru – Litaus" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Peru" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Litaus" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ltg mw-list-item"><a href="https://ltg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peru" title="Peru – Latgalian" lang="ltg" hreflang="ltg" data-title="Peru" data-language-autonym="Latgaļu" data-language-local-name="Latgalian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latgaļu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peru" title="Peru – Letties" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Peru" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Letties" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mad mw-list-item"><a href="https://mad.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peru" title="Peru – Madurees" lang="mad" hreflang="mad" data-title="Peru" data-language-autonym="Madhurâ" data-language-local-name="Madurees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Madhurâ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-map-bms mw-list-item"><a href="https://map-bms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peru" title="Peru – Banyumasan" lang="jv-x-bms" hreflang="jv-x-bms" data-title="Peru" data-language-autonym="Basa Banyumasan" data-language-local-name="Banyumasan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Banyumasan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mdf mw-list-item"><a href="https://mdf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%8D%D1%80%D1%83" title="Пэру – Moksha" lang="mdf" hreflang="mdf" data-title="Пэру" data-language-autonym="Мокшень" data-language-local-name="Moksha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Мокшень</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Per%C3%B2" title="Però – Malgassies" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Però" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malgassies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mhr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mhr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%83" title="Перу – Eastern Mari" lang="mhr" hreflang="mhr" data-title="Перу" data-language-autonym="Олык марий" data-language-local-name="Eastern Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Олык марий</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mi mw-list-item"><a href="https://mi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Per%C5%AB" title="Perū – Maori" lang="mi" hreflang="mi" data-title="Perū" data-language-autonym="Māori" data-language-local-name="Maori" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Māori</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-min mw-list-item"><a href="https://min.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peru" title="Peru – Minangkabaus" lang="min" hreflang="min" data-title="Peru" data-language-autonym="Minangkabau" data-language-local-name="Minangkabaus" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Minangkabau</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%83" title="Перу – Masedonies" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Перу" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Masedonies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%86%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%81" title="പെറു – Malabaars" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="പെറു" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malabaars" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%83" title="Перу – Mongools" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Перу" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongools" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mni mw-list-item"><a href="https://mni.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%AF%84%EA%AF%A6%EA%AF%94%EA%AF%A8" title="ꯄꯦꯔꯨ – Manipuri" lang="mni" hreflang="mni" data-title="ꯄꯦꯔꯨ" data-language-autonym="ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ" data-language-local-name="Manipuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%82" title="पेरू – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="पेरू" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mrj mw-list-item"><a href="https://mrj.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%83" title="Перу – Western Mari" lang="mrj" hreflang="mrj" data-title="Перу" data-language-autonym="Кырык мары" data-language-local-name="Western Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кырык мары</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peru" title="Peru – Maleis" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Peru" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Maleis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mt mw-list-item"><a href="https://mt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Per%C3%B9" title="Perù – Maltees" lang="mt" hreflang="mt" data-title="Perù" data-language-autonym="Malti" data-language-local-name="Maltees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mwl mw-list-item"><a href="https://mwl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peru" title="Peru – Mirandees" lang="mwl" hreflang="mwl" data-title="Peru" data-language-autonym="Mirandés" data-language-local-name="Mirandees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Mirandés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%95%E1%80%AE%E1%80%9B%E1%80%B0%E1%80%B8%E1%80%94%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%84%E1%80%B6" title="ပီရူးနိုင်ငံ – Birmaans" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="ပီရူးနိုင်ငံ" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Birmaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%D8%B1%D9%88" title="پرو – Masanderani" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="پرو" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="Masanderani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nap mw-list-item"><a href="https://nap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Per%C3%B9" title="Perù – Neapolitaans" lang="nap" hreflang="nap" data-title="Perù" data-language-autonym="Napulitano" data-language-local-name="Neapolitaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Napulitano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peru" title="Peru – Nederduits" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Peru" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="Nederduits" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds-nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peru" title="Peru – Nedersaksies" lang="nds-NL" hreflang="nds-NL" data-title="Peru" data-language-autonym="Nedersaksies" data-language-local-name="Nedersaksies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nedersaksies</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%82" title="पेरू – Nepalees" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="पेरू" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="Nepalees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%81" title="पेरु – Newari" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="पेरु" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="Newari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाल भाषा</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peru" title="Peru – Nederlands" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Peru" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Nederlands" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peru" title="Peru – Nuwe Noors" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Peru" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Nuwe Noors" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peru" title="Peru – Boeknoors" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Peru" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Boeknoors" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nov mw-list-item"><a href="https://nov.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peru" title="Peru – Novial" lang="nov" hreflang="nov" data-title="Peru" data-language-autonym="Novial" data-language-local-name="Novial" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Novial</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nrm mw-list-item"><a href="https://nrm.wikipedia.org/wiki/P%C3%A9rou" title="Pérou – Norman" lang="nrf" hreflang="nrf" data-title="Pérou" data-language-autonym="Nouormand" data-language-local-name="Norman" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nouormand</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nso mw-list-item"><a href="https://nso.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peru" title="Peru – Noord-Sotho" lang="nso" hreflang="nso" data-title="Peru" data-language-autonym="Sesotho sa Leboa" data-language-local-name="Noord-Sotho" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sesotho sa Leboa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nv mw-list-item"><a href="https://nv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dib%C3%A9n%C3%A9%C3%A9z_Bik%C3%A9yah" title="Dibénééz Bikéyah – Navajo" lang="nv" hreflang="nv" data-title="Dibénééz Bikéyah" data-language-autonym="Diné bizaad" data-language-local-name="Navajo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Diné bizaad</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="voorbladartikel"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Per%C3%B3" title="Peró – Oksitaans" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Peró" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Oksitaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-olo mw-list-item"><a href="https://olo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peru" title="Peru – Livvi-Karelian" lang="olo" hreflang="olo" data-title="Peru" data-language-autonym="Livvinkarjala" data-language-local-name="Livvi-Karelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Livvinkarjala</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-om mw-list-item"><a href="https://om.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peeruu" title="Peeruu – Oromo" lang="om" hreflang="om" data-title="Peeruu" data-language-autonym="Oromoo" data-language-local-name="Oromo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oromoo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%83" title="Перу – Osseties" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Перу" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="Osseties" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%AA%E0%A9%87%E0%A8%B0%E0%A9%82" title="ਪੇਰੂ – Pandjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਪੇਰੂ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Pandjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pag mw-list-item"><a href="https://pag.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peru" title="Peru – Pangasinan" lang="pag" hreflang="pag" data-title="Peru" data-language-autonym="Pangasinan" data-language-local-name="Pangasinan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Pangasinan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pam mw-list-item"><a href="https://pam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peru" title="Peru – Pampanga" lang="pam" hreflang="pam" data-title="Peru" data-language-autonym="Kapampangan" data-language-local-name="Pampanga" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kapampangan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pap mw-list-item"><a href="https://pap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peru" title="Peru – Papiamento" lang="pap" hreflang="pap" data-title="Peru" data-language-autonym="Papiamentu" data-language-local-name="Papiamento" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Papiamentu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pcd mw-list-item"><a href="https://pcd.wikipedia.org/wiki/P%C3%A9rou" title="Pérou – Picard" lang="pcd" hreflang="pcd" data-title="Pérou" data-language-autonym="Picard" data-language-local-name="Picard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Picard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pi mw-list-item"><a href="https://pi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%81" title="पेरु – Pali" lang="pi" hreflang="pi" data-title="पेरु" data-language-autonym="पालि" data-language-local-name="Pali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>पालि</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pih mw-list-item"><a href="https://pih.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peruu" title="Peruu – Norfuk / Pitkern" lang="pih" hreflang="pih" data-title="Peruu" data-language-autonym="Norfuk / Pitkern" data-language-local-name="Norfuk / Pitkern" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norfuk / Pitkern</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peru" title="Peru – Pools" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Peru" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Pools" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Per%C3%B9" title="Perù – Piedmontese" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Perù" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="Piedmontese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%DB%8C%D8%B1%D9%88" title="پیرو – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="پیرو" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%D9%8A%D8%B1%D9%88" title="پيرو – Pasjtoe" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="پيرو" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="Pasjtoe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="good article badge"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peru" title="Peru – Portugees" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Peru" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portugees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="voorbladartikel"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Piruw" title="Piruw – Quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Piruw" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="Quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rm mw-list-item"><a href="https://rm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peru" title="Peru – Reto-Romaans" lang="rm" hreflang="rm" data-title="Peru" data-language-autonym="Rumantsch" data-language-local-name="Reto-Romaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Rumantsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rmy mw-list-item"><a href="https://rmy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peru" title="Peru – Vlax Romani" lang="rmy" hreflang="rmy" data-title="Peru" data-language-autonym="Romani čhib" data-language-local-name="Vlax Romani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Romani čhib</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="good article badge"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peru" title="Peru – Roemeens" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Peru" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Roemeens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%83" title="Перу – Russies" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Перу" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%83" title="Перу – Rusyn" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Перу" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="Rusyn" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русиньскый</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rw mw-list-item"><a href="https://rw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peru" title="Peru – Rwandees" lang="rw" hreflang="rw" data-title="Peru" data-language-autonym="Ikinyarwanda" data-language-local-name="Rwandees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ikinyarwanda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sa mw-list-item"><a href="https://sa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%81" title="पेरु – Sanskrit" lang="sa" hreflang="sa" data-title="पेरु" data-language-autonym="संस्कृतम्" data-language-local-name="Sanskrit" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>संस्कृतम्</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%83" title="Перу – Sakhaans" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Перу" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="Sakhaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sat mw-list-item"><a href="https://sat.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%B1%AF%E1%B1%AE%E1%B1%A8%E1%B1%A9" title="ᱯᱮᱨᱩ – Santalies" lang="sat" hreflang="sat" data-title="ᱯᱮᱨᱩ" data-language-autonym="ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ" data-language-local-name="Santalies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Per%C3%B9" title="Perù – Sardinies" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="Perù" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="Sardinies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sardu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Per%C3%B9" title="Perù – Sisiliaans" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Perù" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="Sisiliaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peru" title="Peru – Skots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Peru" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Skots" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%D9%8A%D8%B1%D9%88" title="پيرو – Sindhi" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="پيرو" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="Sindhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-se mw-list-item"><a href="https://se.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peru" title="Peru – Noord-Sami" lang="se" hreflang="se" data-title="Peru" data-language-autonym="Davvisámegiella" data-language-local-name="Noord-Sami" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Davvisámegiella</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peru" title="Peru – Serwo-Kroaties" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Peru" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serwo-Kroaties" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-shn mw-list-item"><a href="https://shn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%99%E1%80%AD%E1%80%B0%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%B8%E1%80%95%E1%80%B1%E1%82%87%E1%80%9B%E1%80%B0%E1%82%89" title="မိူင်းပေႇရူႉ – Shan" lang="shn" hreflang="shn" data-title="မိူင်းပေႇရူႉ" data-language-autonym="ၽႃႇသႃႇတႆး " data-language-local-name="Shan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ၽႃႇသႃႇတႆး </span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%B4%E0%B7%99%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%96" title="පෙරූ – Sinhala" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="පෙරූ" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="Sinhala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peru" title="Peru – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Peru" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peru" title="Peru – Slowaaks" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Peru" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slowaaks" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peru" title="Peru – Sloweens" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Peru" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Sloweens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sm mw-list-item"><a href="https://sm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peru" title="Peru – Samoaans" lang="sm" hreflang="sm" data-title="Peru" data-language-autonym="Gagana Samoa" data-language-local-name="Samoaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gagana Samoa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-smn mw-list-item"><a href="https://smn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peru" title="Peru – Inari Sami" lang="smn" hreflang="smn" data-title="Peru" data-language-autonym="Anarâškielâ" data-language-local-name="Inari Sami" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Anarâškielâ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sn mw-list-item"><a href="https://sn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peru" title="Peru – Shona" lang="sn" hreflang="sn" data-title="Peru" data-language-autonym="ChiShona" data-language-local-name="Shona" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ChiShona</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item"><a href="https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peru" title="Peru – Somalies" lang="so" hreflang="so" data-title="Peru" data-language-autonym="Soomaaliga" data-language-local-name="Somalies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Soomaaliga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peruja" title="Peruja – Albanees" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Peruja" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%83" title="Перу – Serwies" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Перу" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serwies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ss mw-list-item"><a href="https://ss.wikipedia.org/wiki/IPheru" title="IPheru – Swazi" lang="ss" hreflang="ss" data-title="IPheru" data-language-autonym="SiSwati" data-language-local-name="Swazi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>SiSwati</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-stq mw-list-item"><a href="https://stq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peru" title="Peru – Saterland Frisian" lang="stq" hreflang="stq" data-title="Peru" data-language-autonym="Seeltersk" data-language-local-name="Saterland Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Seeltersk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/P%C3%A9ru" title="Péru – Sundanees" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Péru" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="Sundanees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peru" title="Peru – Sweeds" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Peru" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Sweeds" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peru" title="Peru – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Peru" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szl mw-list-item"><a href="https://szl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peru" title="Peru – Silesian" lang="szl" hreflang="szl" data-title="Peru" data-language-autonym="Ślůnski" data-language-local-name="Silesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ślůnski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szy mw-list-item"><a href="https://szy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peru" title="Peru – Sakizaya" lang="szy" hreflang="szy" data-title="Peru" data-language-autonym="Sakizaya" data-language-local-name="Sakizaya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sakizaya</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%86%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%81" title="பெரு – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="பெரு" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tay mw-list-item"><a href="https://tay.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peru" title="Peru – Tayal" lang="tay" hreflang="tay" data-title="Peru" data-language-autonym="Tayal" data-language-local-name="Tayal" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tayal</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%AA%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%B0%E0%B1%82" title="పెరూ – Teloegoe" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="పెరూ" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="Teloegoe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tet mw-list-item"><a href="https://tet.wikipedia.org/wiki/Per%C3%BA" title="Perú – Tetoem" lang="tet" hreflang="tet" data-title="Perú" data-language-autonym="Tetun" data-language-local-name="Tetoem" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tetun</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%83" title="Перу – Tadjiks" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Перу" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tadjiks" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="voorbladartikel"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%A8%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B9" title="ประเทศเปรู – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ประเทศเปรู" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tk mw-list-item"><a href="https://tk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peru" title="Peru – Turkmeens" lang="tk" hreflang="tk" data-title="Peru" data-language-autonym="Türkmençe" data-language-local-name="Turkmeens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkmençe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peru" title="Peru – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Peru" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tly mw-list-item"><a href="https://tly.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peru" title="Peru – Talysh" lang="tly" hreflang="tly" data-title="Peru" data-language-autonym="Tolışi" data-language-local-name="Talysh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tolışi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-to mw-list-item"><a href="https://to.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pel%C5%AB" title="Pelū – Tongaans" lang="to" hreflang="to" data-title="Pelū" data-language-autonym="Lea faka-Tonga" data-language-local-name="Tongaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lea faka-Tonga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tpi mw-list-item"><a href="https://tpi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peru" title="Peru – Tok Pisin" lang="tpi" hreflang="tpi" data-title="Peru" data-language-autonym="Tok Pisin" data-language-local-name="Tok Pisin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tok Pisin</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peru" title="Peru – Turks" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Peru" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turks" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-trv mw-list-item"><a href="https://trv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peru" title="Peru – Taroko" lang="trv" hreflang="trv" data-title="Peru" data-language-autonym="Seediq" data-language-local-name="Taroko" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Seediq</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="good article badge"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%83" title="Перу – Tataars" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Перу" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tataars" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tum mw-list-item"><a href="https://tum.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peru" title="Peru – Toemboeka" lang="tum" hreflang="tum" data-title="Peru" data-language-autonym="ChiTumbuka" data-language-local-name="Toemboeka" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ChiTumbuka</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-udm mw-list-item"><a href="https://udm.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%83" title="Перу – Udmurt" lang="udm" hreflang="udm" data-title="Перу" data-language-autonym="Удмурт" data-language-local-name="Udmurt" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Удмурт</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%DB%90%D8%B1%DB%87" title="پېرۇ – Uighur" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="پېرۇ" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="Uighur" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%83" title="Перу – Oekraïens" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Перу" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Oekraïens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%DB%8C%D8%B1%D9%88" title="پیرو – Oerdoe" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="پیرو" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Oerdoe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peru" title="Peru – Oezbeeks" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Peru" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Oezbeeks" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Per%C3%B9" title="Perù – Venetian" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Perù" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="Venetian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vep mw-list-item"><a href="https://vep.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peru" title="Peru – Veps" lang="vep" hreflang="vep" data-title="Peru" data-language-autonym="Vepsän kel’" data-language-local-name="Veps" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vepsän kel’</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Per%C3%BA" title="Perú – Viëtnamees" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Perú" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Viëtnamees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vls mw-list-item"><a href="https://vls.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peru" title="Peru – West Flemish" lang="vls" hreflang="vls" data-title="Peru" data-language-autonym="West-Vlams" data-language-local-name="West Flemish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>West-Vlams</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vo mw-list-item"><a href="https://vo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peruv%C3%A4n" title="Peruvän – Volapük" lang="vo" hreflang="vo" data-title="Peruvän" data-language-autonym="Volapük" data-language-local-name="Volapük" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Volapük</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wa mw-list-item"><a href="https://wa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perou" title="Perou – Walloon" lang="wa" hreflang="wa" data-title="Perou" data-language-autonym="Walon" data-language-local-name="Walloon" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Walon</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Per%C3%BA" title="Perú – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Perú" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wo mw-list-item"><a href="https://wo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peru" title="Peru – Wolof" lang="wo" hreflang="wo" data-title="Peru" data-language-autonym="Wolof" data-language-local-name="Wolof" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Wolof</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%A7%98%E9%B2%81" title="秘鲁 – Wu-Sjinees" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="秘鲁" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu-Sjinees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xh mw-list-item"><a href="https://xh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peru" title="Peru – Xhosa" lang="xh" hreflang="xh" data-title="Peru" data-language-autonym="IsiXhosa" data-language-local-name="Xhosa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>IsiXhosa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9E%E1%83%94%E1%83%A0%E1%83%A3" title="პერუ – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="პერუ" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A4%D7%A2%D7%A8%D7%95" title="פערו – Jiddisj" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="פערו" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="Jiddisj" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Per%C3%BA" title="Perú – Yoruba" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Perú" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="Yoruba" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Yorùbá</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-za mw-list-item"><a href="https://za.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biluj" title="Biluj – Zhuang" lang="za" hreflang="za" data-title="Biluj" data-language-autonym="Vahcuengh" data-language-local-name="Zhuang" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vahcuengh</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zea mw-list-item"><a href="https://zea.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peru" title="Peru – Zeelandic" lang="zea" hreflang="zea" data-title="Peru" data-language-autonym="Zeêuws" data-language-local-name="Zeelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zeêuws</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%A7%98%E9%B2%81" title="秘鲁 – Chinees" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="秘鲁" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%A5%95%E9%AD%AF" title="祕魯 – Literary Chinese" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="祕魯" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="Literary Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>文言</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peru" title="Peru – Min Nan-Sjinees" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Peru" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Min Nan-Sjinees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%A7%98%E9%AD%AF" title="秘魯 – Kantonees" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="秘魯" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Kantonees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zu mw-list-item"><a href="https://zu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peru" title="Peru – Zoeloe" lang="zu" hreflang="zu" data-title="Peru" data-language-autonym="IsiZulu" data-language-local-name="Zoeloe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>IsiZulu</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q419#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Wysig skakels tussen tale" class="wbc-editpage">Wysig skakels</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Naamruimtes"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Peru" title="Bekyk die inhoudbladsy [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Bladsy</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Bespreking:Peru" rel="discussion" title="Bespreking oor die inhoudbladsy [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Bespreking</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Verander taalvariant" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Afrikaans</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Weergawes"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Peru"><span>Lees</span></a></li><li id="ca-ve-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Peru&veaction=edit" title="Redigeer hierdie bladsy [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Wysig</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="collapsible vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Peru&action=edit" title="Wysig die bladsy se bonkode [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Wysig bron</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Peru&action=history" title="Ouer weergawes van hierdie bladsy [h]" accesskey="h"><span>Wys geskiedenis</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Gereedskap" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Gereedskap</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Gereedskap</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">skuif na kantbalk</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">versteek</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="More options" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Actions </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Peru"><span>Lees</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-ve-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Peru&veaction=edit" title="Redigeer hierdie bladsy [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Wysig</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="collapsible vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Peru&action=edit" title="Wysig die bladsy se bonkode [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Wysig bron</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Peru&action=history"><span>Wys geskiedenis</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Algemeen </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Spesiaal:Skakels_hierheen/Peru" title="'n Lys bladsye wat hierheen skakel [j]" accesskey="j"><span>Skakels hierheen</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Spesiaal:OnlangseVeranderingsMetSkakels/Peru" rel="nofollow" title="Onlangse wysigings aan bladsye wat vanaf hierdie bladsy geskakel is [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Verwante veranderings</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Spesiaal:Spesiale_bladsye" title="'n Lys van al die spesiale bladsye [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Spesiale bladsye</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Peru&oldid=2710897" title="'n Permanente skakel na hierdie weergawe van die bladsy"><span>Permanente skakel</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Peru&action=info" title="More information about this page"><span>Bladinligting</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spesiaal:CiteThisPage&page=Peru&id=2710897&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Inligting oor hoe u hierdie bladsy kan verwys"><span>Haal dié blad aan</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spesiaal:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Faf.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FPeru"><span>Kry verkorte URL</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spesiaal:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Faf.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FPeru"><span>Laai QR-kode af</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Druk/uitvoer </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-create_a_book" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spesiaal:Boek&bookcmd=book_creator&referer=Peru"><span>Skep boek</span></a></li><li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spesiaal:DownloadAsPdf&page=Peru&action=show-download-screen"><span>Laai af as PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Peru&printable=yes" title="Drukbare weergawe van hierdie bladsy [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Drukbare weergawe</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Ander projekte </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Peru" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimedia Commons</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q419" title="Skakel na gekonnekteerde databank item [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Wikidata-item</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Voorkoms"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Voorkoms</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">skuif na kantbalk</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">versteek</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">in Wikipedia, die vrye ensiklopedie</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="af" dir="ltr"><table class="infobox bordered" cellpadding="4" style="width: 250px; font-size: 88%;"> <caption style="margin-left: inherit; font-size: 120%;">Republiek Peru<br /><small><i>República del Perú</i> (<a href="/wiki/Spaans" title="Spaans">Spaans</a>)<br /><i>Piruw Republika</i> (<a href="/wiki/Quechua" title="Quechua">Quechua</a>)<br /><i>Piruw Suyu</i> (<a href="/wiki/Aymara" title="Aymara">Aymara</a>)</small> </caption> <tbody><tr> <td colspan="2"> <table style="text-align: center; margin: 0 auto; background: none;"> <tbody><tr> <td style="border: 0; vertical-align: middle; font-size: 95%;"><span style="border: 1px solid #bbbbbb; display: table-cell;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Flag_of_Peru.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Vlag van Peru"><img alt="Vlag van Peru" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Flag_of_Peru.svg/125px-Flag_of_Peru.svg.png" decoding="async" width="125" height="83" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Flag_of_Peru.svg/188px-Flag_of_Peru.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Flag_of_Peru.svg/250px-Flag_of_Peru.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> </td> <td style="border: 0; vertical-align: middle;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Escudo_nacional_del_Per%C3%BA.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Wapen van Peru"><img alt="Wapen van Peru" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Escudo_nacional_del_Per%C3%BA.svg/85px-Escudo_nacional_del_Per%C3%BA.svg.png" decoding="async" width="85" height="97" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Escudo_nacional_del_Per%C3%BA.svg/128px-Escudo_nacional_del_Per%C3%BA.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Escudo_nacional_del_Per%C3%BA.svg/170px-Escudo_nacional_del_Per%C3%BA.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="840" data-file-height="960" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr style="font-size: 95%;"> <td style="border: 0;"><a href="/wiki/Vlag_van_Peru" title="Vlag van Peru">Vlag</a> </td> <td style="border: 0;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wapen_van_Peru&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Wapen van Peru (bladsy bestaan nie)">Wapen</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="font-size: 95%; text-align: center;"><a href="/wiki/Lys_van_nasionale_leuses" title="Lys van nasionale leuses">Nasionale leuse</a>: <i>Firme y feliz por la unión</i><br /><small><i>(Spaans vir: "Sterk en gelukkig vir die Unie")</i></small> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="font-size: 95%; text-align: center;"><a href="/wiki/Volkslied" title="Volkslied">Volkslied</a>: <i><a href="/wiki/Volkslied_van_Peru" title="Volkslied van Peru">Himno Nacional del Perú</a></i><br /><small><i>(Spaans vir: "Volkslied van Peru")</i></small><br /><center><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><span><audio id="mwe_player_0" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="220" style="width:220px;" data-durationhint="166" data-mwtitle="Himno_Nacional_del_Perú.ogg" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/4/4b/Himno_Nacional_del_Per%C3%BA.ogg/Himno_Nacional_del_Per%C3%BA.ogg.mp3" type="audio/mpeg" data-transcodekey="mp3" data-width="0" data-height="0" /><source 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/></audio></span></span></center><br />Nasionale mars: <i><a href="/wiki/Vlag_van_Peru#Die_Marcha_de_Banderas" title="Vlag van Peru">Marcha de Banderas</a></i><br /><small><i>(Spaans vir: "Mars van die vlae")</i></small><br /><center><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><span><audio id="mwe_player_1" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="220" style="width:220px;" data-durationhint="103" data-mwtitle="Marcha_de_banderas_(José_Sabas_Libornio_Ibarra,_1895).ogg" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a7/Marcha_de_banderas_%28Jos%C3%A9_Sabas_Libornio_Ibarra%2C_1895%29.ogg" type="audio/ogg; codecs="vorbis"" data-width="0" data-height="0" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/a7/Marcha_de_banderas_%28Jos%C3%A9_Sabas_Libornio_Ibarra%2C_1895%29.ogg/Marcha_de_banderas_%28Jos%C3%A9_Sabas_Libornio_Ibarra%2C_1895%29.ogg.mp3" type="audio/mpeg" data-transcodekey="mp3" data-width="0" data-height="0" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3AMarcha_de_banderas_%28Jos%C3%A9_Sabas_Libornio_Ibarra%2C_1895%29.ogg&lang=en&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="en" label="English ‪(en)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3AMarcha_de_banderas_%28Jos%C3%A9_Sabas_Libornio_Ibarra%2C_1895%29.ogg&lang=es&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="es" label="español ‪(es)‬" data-dir="ltr" /></audio></span></span></center> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center; background: white;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Peru_(orthographic_projection).svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Ligging van Peru"><img alt="Ligging van Peru" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Peru_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/250px-Peru_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="250" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Peru_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/375px-Peru_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Peru_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/500px-Peru_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="549" data-file-height="549" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><b><a href="/wiki/Hoofstad" title="Hoofstad">Hoofstad</a></b> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Lima" title="Lima">Lima</a> <p><span class="geo-inline"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r2670708">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion load-gadget" data-gadget="WikiMiniAtlas"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Peru&language=af&params=12_2_S_77_1_W_"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Kaarte, lugfoto's, en ander data vir hierdie plek"><span class="latitude">12°2′S</span> <span class="longitude">77°1′W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Kaarte, lugfoto's, en ander data vir hierdie plek">12.033°S 77.017°W</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">-12.033; -77.017</span></span></span></a></span></span> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>Grootste stad</b> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Lima" title="Lima">Lima</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><b><a href="/wiki/Amptelike_taal" title="Amptelike taal">Amptelike tale</a></b> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Spaans" title="Spaans">Spaans</a>, <a href="/wiki/Quechua" title="Quechua">Quechua</a> en <a href="/wiki/Aymara" title="Aymara">Aymara</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="white-space: nowrap;"><b><a href="/wiki/Lys_van_lande_volgens_regeringstipe" title="Lys van lande volgens regeringstipe">Regering</a></b> <div style="text-align: left;"><br />• <a href="/wiki/President" title="President">President</a><br />• <a href="/w/index.php?title=Adjunkpresident&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Adjunkpresident (bladsy bestaan nie)">Adjunkpresident</a><br />• <a href="/wiki/Eerste_minister" title="Eerste minister">Eerste minister</a></div> </td> <td style="white-space: nowrap;">Unitêre presidensiële<br />grondwetlike <a href="/wiki/Republiek" title="Republiek">republiek</a><sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br /><a href="/wiki/Dina_Boluarte" title="Dina Boluarte">Dina Boluarte</a><br /><i>vakant</i><br /><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gustavo_Adrianz%C3%A9n&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gustavo Adrianzén (bladsy bestaan nie)">Gustavo Adrianzén</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="white-space: nowrap;"><b><a href="/wiki/Lys_van_lande_volgens_onafhanklikheidsdatum" title="Lys van lande volgens onafhanklikheidsdatum">Onafhanklikheid</a></b> <div style="text-align: left;">• Verklaar<br />• Bereik<br />• Erken<br />• Huidige grondwet<br /></div> </td> <td style="white-space: nowrap;">van <a href="/wiki/Spanje" title="Spanje">Spanje</a><br /><a href="/wiki/28_Julie" title="28 Julie">28 Julie</a> <a href="/wiki/1821" title="1821">1821</a><br /><a href="/wiki/9_Desember" title="9 Desember">9 Desember</a> <a href="/wiki/1824" title="1824">1824</a><br /><a href="/wiki/14_Augustus" title="14 Augustus">14 Augustus</a> <a href="/wiki/1879" title="1879">1879</a><br /><a href="/wiki/31_Desember" title="31 Desember">31 Desember</a> <a href="/wiki/1993" title="1993">1993</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><b><a href="/wiki/Oppervlakte" title="Oppervlakte">Oppervlakte</a></b><br /> - Totaal<br /> <br /> - Water (%) </td> <td> <br /> 1 285 216<sup id="cite_ref-CIA_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CIA-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> km<sup>2</sup>  (<a href="/wiki/Lys_van_lande_volgens_oppervlak" title="Lys van lande volgens oppervlak">21<sup>ste</sup></a>)<br />496 225 myl<sup>2</sup><br />0,41 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="white-space: nowrap;"><b><a href="/wiki/Lys_van_lande_volgens_bevolking" title="Lys van lande volgens bevolking">Bevolking</a></b><br /> - 2023-skatting<br /> - 2017-sensus<br /> - <a href="/wiki/Bevolkingsdigtheid" title="Bevolkingsdigtheid">Digtheid</a> </td> <td> <br />32 440 172<sup id="cite_ref-CIA_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CIA-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (<a href="/wiki/Lys_van_lande_volgens_bevolking" title="Lys van lande volgens bevolking">46<sup>ste</sup></a>)<br />31 237 385<br />23 / km<sup>2</sup> (<a href="/wiki/Lys_van_lande_volgens_bevolkingsdigtheid" title="Lys van lande volgens bevolkingsdigtheid">197<sup>ste</sup></a>)<br />59,6 / myl<sup>2</sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="white-space: nowrap;"><b><a href="/wiki/Bruto_binnelandse_produk" title="Bruto binnelandse produk">BBP</a></b> (<a href="/wiki/Koopkragpariteit" title="Koopkragpariteit">KKP</a>)<br /> - Totaal<br /> - Per capita </td> <td><a href="/wiki/2024" title="2024">2024</a>-skatting<br /> <p>$576,278 miljard<sup id="cite_ref-imf2_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-imf2-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (<a href="/wiki/Lys_van_lande_volgens_BBP_(Koopkragpariteit)" title="Lys van lande volgens BBP (Koopkragpariteit)">45<sup>ste</sup></a>)<br />$16 534<sup id="cite_ref-imf2_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-imf2-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Lys_van_lande_volgens_BBP_(Koopkragpariteit)_per_capita" class="mw-redirect" title="Lys van lande volgens BBP (Koopkragpariteit) per capita">(96<sup>ste</sup>)</a> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="white-space: nowrap;"><b><a href="/wiki/Lys_van_lande_volgens_BBP_(nominaal)" title="Lys van lande volgens BBP (nominaal)">BBP</a></b> (nominaal)<br /> - Totaal<br /> - Per capita </td> <td><a href="/wiki/2024" title="2024">2024</a>-skatting<br /> <p>$277,158 miljard<sup id="cite_ref-imf2_4-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-imf2-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (<a href="/wiki/Lys_van_lande_volgens_BBP_(nominaal)" title="Lys van lande volgens BBP (nominaal)">51<sup>ste</sup></a>)<br />$7 952<sup id="cite_ref-imf2_4-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-imf2-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Lys_van_lande_volgens_BBP_(nominaal)_per_capita" title="Lys van lande volgens BBP (nominaal) per capita">(88<sup>ste</sup>)</a> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="white-space: nowrap;"><b><a href="/wiki/Menslike_ontwikkelingsindeks" class="mw-redirect" title="Menslike ontwikkelingsindeks">MOI</a></b> (<a href="/wiki/2021" title="2021">2021</a>) </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Green_Arrow_Up_Darker.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Green_Arrow_Up_Darker.svg/10px-Green_Arrow_Up_Darker.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Green_Arrow_Up_Darker.svg/15px-Green_Arrow_Up_Darker.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Green_Arrow_Up_Darker.svg/20px-Green_Arrow_Up_Darker.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="700" data-file-height="700" /></a></span> 0,762<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (<a href="/wiki/Lys_van_lande_volgens_Menslike_Ontwikkelingsindeks" class="mw-redirect" title="Lys van lande volgens Menslike Ontwikkelingsindeks">84<sup>ste</sup></a>)  –  <span style="color:#090">hoog</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="white-space: nowrap;"><b><a href="/wiki/Gini-ko%C3%ABffisi%C3%ABnt" title="Gini-koëffisiënt">Gini</a></b> (<a href="/wiki/2021" title="2021">2021</a>) </td> <td>40,2<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>(<a href="/w/index.php?title=Lys_van_lande_volgens_Gini&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lys van lande volgens Gini (bladsy bestaan nie)">35<sup>ste</sup></a>) –  <span style="color:#fc0">medium</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><b><a href="/wiki/Geld" title="Geld">Geldeenheid</a></b> </td> <td style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Peruaanse_nuevo_sol&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Peruaanse nuevo sol (bladsy bestaan nie)">Nuevo sol</a> (<code><a href="/wiki/ISO_4217" title="ISO 4217">PEN</a></code>) </td></tr> <tr> <td><b><a href="/wiki/Tydsone" title="Tydsone">Tydsone</a></b><br /> - <a href="/wiki/Somertyd" title="Somertyd">Somertyd</a> </td> <td>PET (<a href="/wiki/Geko%C3%B6rdineerde_Universele_Tyd" title="Gekoördineerde Universele Tyd">UTC</a><a href="/wiki/UTC-05:00" title="UTC-05:00">-5</a>)<br />nie toegepas nie (<a href="/wiki/Geko%C3%B6rdineerde_Universele_Tyd" title="Gekoördineerde Universele Tyd">UTC</a><a href="/wiki/UTC-05:00" title="UTC-05:00">-5</a>) </td></tr> <tr> <td><b><a href="/wiki/Lys_van_Internettopvlakdomeine" title="Lys van Internettopvlakdomeine">Internet-TLD</a></b> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/.pe" title=".pe">.pe</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><b><a href="/wiki/Lys_van_landskakelkodes" title="Lys van landskakelkodes">Skakelkode</a></b> </td> <td>+51 </td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Peru</b> (<a href="/wiki/Spaans" title="Spaans">Spaans</a>: <i>Perú</i>, [peˈɾu]; <a href="/wiki/Quechua" title="Quechua">Quechua</a>: <i>Peruu</i> of <i>Piruw</i>, [pɪɾʊw]; <a href="/wiki/Aymara" title="Aymara">Aymara</a>: <i>Piruw</i>, [pɪɾʊw]), amptelik die <b>Republiek Peru</b> (<i>República del Perú</i>, [reˈpuβlika ðel peˈɾu], <span class="metadata"><span class="unicode audiolink"><a href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/6b/Es_-_Rep%C3%BAblica_del_Per%C3%BA.ogg" class="internal" title="Es - República del Perú.ogg">luister</a></span> <span class="audiolinkinfo"><small>(<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Mediahulp" title="Wikipedia:Mediahulp">hulp</a>·<a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Es_-_Rep%C3%BAblica_del_Per%C3%BA.ogg" title="Lêer:Es - República del Perú.ogg">inligting</a>)</small></span></span>; Quechua: <i>Piruw Republika</i>; Aymara: <i>Piruw Suyu</i>), is 'n <a href="/wiki/Republiek" title="Republiek">republiek</a> in die weste van <a href="/wiki/Suid-Amerika" title="Suid-Amerika">Suid-Amerika</a>, net suid van die <a href="/wiki/Ewenaar" title="Ewenaar">ewenaar</a>. Peru beslaan 'n oppervlakte van 1 285 216 km² en het 'n bevolking van 32 440 172 in 2023 gehad. Dit word begrens deur <a href="/wiki/Colombia" title="Colombia">Colombia</a> en <a href="/wiki/Ecuador" title="Ecuador">Ecuador</a> in die noorde, <a href="/wiki/Brasili%C3%AB" title="Brasilië">Brasilië</a> en <a href="/wiki/Bolivi%C3%AB" title="Bolivië">Bolivië</a> in die ooste, <a href="/wiki/Chili" title="Chili">Chili</a> in die suide en die <a href="/wiki/Stille_Oseaan" title="Stille Oseaan">Stille Oseaan</a> in die weste. Die <a href="/wiki/Hoofstad" title="Hoofstad">hoofstad</a> en grootste stad is <a href="/wiki/Lima" title="Lima">Lima</a>. Peru het drie <a href="/wiki/Amptelike_taal" title="Amptelike taal">amptelike tale</a>: Spaans, Quechua en Aymara. Peru was tussen 1542 en 1821 'n <a href="/wiki/Spaanse_Ryk" title="Spaanse Ryk">Spaanse kolonie</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Geografie">Geografie</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Peru&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Wysig afdeling: Geografie" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>wysig</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Peru&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section's source code: Geografie"><span>wysig bron</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Peru_sat.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Peru_sat.png/220px-Peru_sat.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="178" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Peru_sat.png/330px-Peru_sat.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Peru_sat.png/440px-Peru_sat.png 2x" data-file-width="2600" data-file-height="2100" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Nasa" title="Nasa">Nasa</a>-Satellietbeeld van Peru</figcaption></figure> <p>Peru is volgens oppervlakte na <a href="/wiki/Argentini%C3%AB" title="Argentinië">Argentinië</a> en Brasilië die derde grootste land in Suid-Amerika. Dié land se geografie word deur die <a href="/wiki/Andes" title="Andes">Andesgebergtes</a> in die suide en die weste asook die <a href="/wiki/Amasonerivier" title="Amasonerivier">Amasonebekken</a> in die ooste en noorde gekenmerk. </p><p>Die Amasonerivier se twee bronriviere, die noordelike <a href="/wiki/R%C3%ADo_Mara%C3%B1%C3%B3n" title="Río Marañón">Río Marañón</a> en die suidelike <a href="/wiki/R%C3%ADo_Ucayali" title="Río Ucayali">Río Ucayali</a>, ontspring in Nevado Mismi, Arequipa, in die Peruaanse Andes. Naby <a href="/wiki/Iquitos" title="Iquitos">Iquitos</a> vloei die twee takke saam om die Amasonerivier te vorm. Ander belangrike sytakke in Peru sluit in <a href="/wiki/Rio_Juru%C3%A1" title="Rio Juruá">Rio Juruá</a>, <a href="/wiki/R%C3%ADo_Madre_de_Dios" title="Río Madre de Dios">Río Madre de Dios</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rio_Purus" title="Rio Purus">Rio Purus</a> en <a href="/wiki/R%C3%ADo_Putumayo" title="Río Putumayo">Río Putumayo</a>. </p><p>Die grootste meer is die <a href="/wiki/Titicacameer" title="Titicacameer">Titicacameer</a> in die Andes op die grens met Bolivië. </p><p>Peru se hoofstad Lima is aan die sentrale kus langs die Stille Oseaan geleë. Ander belangrike stede sluit in <a href="/wiki/Arequipa" title="Arequipa">Arequipa</a> in die suide, die <a href="/wiki/Inka" class="mw-redirect" title="Inka">Inkahoofstad</a> <a href="/wiki/Cusco" title="Cusco">Cusco</a> in die sentrale Andes en Iquitos in die noordelike Amasonebekken. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Die_Fisiografiese_Streke_van_Peru">Die Fisiografiese Streke van Peru</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Peru&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Wysig afdeling: Die Fisiografiese Streke van Peru" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>wysig</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Peru&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section's source code: Die Fisiografiese Streke van Peru"><span>wysig bron</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Regiones_naturales_del_Per%C3%BA.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Regiones_naturales_del_Per%C3%BA.png/220px-Regiones_naturales_del_Per%C3%BA.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="282" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Regiones_naturales_del_Per%C3%BA.png/330px-Regiones_naturales_del_Per%C3%BA.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Regiones_naturales_del_Per%C3%BA.png/440px-Regiones_naturales_del_Per%C3%BA.png 2x" data-file-width="1806" data-file-height="2317" /></a><figcaption>Kaart van die natuurlike en hoogtestreke van Peru, volgens die parameters van Javier Pulgar Vidal (1938).</figcaption></figure> <p>Alhoewel die Peruaanse grondgebied baie divers is, het die Spanjaarde dit, om politieke eerder as geografiese redes, in drie groot streke verdeel: die <a href="/wiki/Kus" title="Kus">kus</a>, wat aan die <a href="/wiki/Stille_Oseaan" title="Stille Oseaan">Stille Oseaan</a> grens; die hoogland, geleë in die Andesberge; en die <a href="/wiki/Amasonere%C3%ABnwoud" title="Amasonereënwoud">Amazone-reënwoud</a>. Hierdie verdeling, hoewel met sy duidelike beperkings, was tot 1941 van toepassing, toe die derde Algemene Vergadering van die Pan-Amerikaanse Instituut vir Geografie en Geskiedenis die skepping van agt natuurlike streke goedgekeur het, soos voorgestel deur die geograaf Javier Pulgar Vidal, met die doel om 'n fisiografiese kaart te skep wat meer in ooreenstemming is met die bio-geografiese werklikheid van die gebied.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Die Peruaanse landkaart bestaan uit die volgende streke: </p> <ul><li><b>La Chala</b> of <b>Kus</b>: Hierdie streek is geleë in die westelike gebied van die land wat langs die kus strek, vanaf seevlak tot 'n hoogte van 500 meter. In hierdie streek groei die <a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prosopis_pallida" class="extiw" title="es:Prosopis pallida">algarrobo</a>, <a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parkinsonia_aculeata" class="extiw" title="es:Parkinsonia aculeata">palo verde</a>, <a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Distichlis_spicata" class="extiw" title="es:Distichlis spicata">soutgras</a>, <a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laguncularia_racemosa" class="extiw" title="es:Laguncularia racemosa">mangrove</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fluitjiesriet" title="Fluitjiesriet">riet</a> en <a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arundo_donax" class="extiw" title="es:Arundo donax">riet langs</a> die riviere, en <a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ismene_amancaes" class="extiw" title="es:Ismene amancaes">amancae</a>, <a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solanum_lycopersicum" class="extiw" title="es:Solanum lycopersicum">wilde tamatie</a>, <a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vasconcellea_candicans" class="extiw" title="es:Vasconcellea candicans">mito</a>, <a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caesalpinia_spinosa" class="extiw" title="es:Caesalpinia spinosa">tara</a>, onder andere, groei in die heuwels. Die kusfauna sluit <a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Otaria_flavescens" class="extiw" title="es:Otaria flavescens">seeleeue</a>, <a href="/wiki/Engraulidae" title="Engraulidae">ansjovis</a> en seevoëls in.</li> <li><figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Lomas_de_Lachay.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Lomas_de_Lachay.jpg/220px-Lomas_de_Lachay.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Lomas_de_Lachay.jpg/330px-Lomas_de_Lachay.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Lomas_de_Lachay.jpg/440px-Lomas_de_Lachay.jpg 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="450" /></a><figcaption><i><b>Lomas de Lachay Nasionale Reservaat</b></i> (Chancay -Huaral - Peru) in die Costa- of Chala-streek.</figcaption></figure><b>La Yunga</b>: 'n streek van <a href="/wiki/Vallei" title="Vallei">valleie</a> en klowe met vrugbare grond, waar <a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pouteria_lucuma" class="extiw" title="es:Pouteria lucuma">lucumo</a>, <a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Annona_cherimola" class="extiw" title="es:Annona cherimola">chirimoya</a>, <a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Psidium_cattleianum" class="extiw" title="es:Psidium cattleianum">guava</a>, <a href="/wiki/Avokado" title="Avokado">avokado</a>, <a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Citrus_%C3%97_aurantifolia" class="extiw" title="es:Citrus × aurantifolia">sitrusvrugte</a> en <a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saccharum_officinarum" class="extiw" title="es:Saccharum officinarum">suikerriet gekweek</a> word, benewens skilderagtige klowe of rivierklowe. Tussen 500 en 2300 meter op die westelike helling word dit die maritieme Yunga genoem, en tussen 1000 en 2300 meter op die oostelike helling, die fluviale Yunga. Die fluviale Yunga het 'n warm klimaat met seisoenale reënval, terwyl 'n woestyngklimaat in die maritieme Yunga oorheers. Die flora sluit <a href="/wiki/Peperboom" title="Peperboom">molle</a>, <a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Furcraea_andina" class="extiw" title="es:Furcraea andina">wit agave</a>, <a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pitahaya" class="extiw" title="es:Pitahaya">pitajaya</a> en <a href="/wiki/Kaapse_Appelliefie" title="Kaapse Appelliefie">chuná</a> in, en die fauna sluit voëls soos die <a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mimus_longicaudatus" class="extiw" title="es:Mimus longicaudatus">chaucato</a> en die <a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Campylorhynchus_fasciatus" class="extiw" title="es:Campylorhynchus fasciatus">taurigaray</a> in.</li> <li><figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:The_Sacred_Valley,_from_Cusco_to_Ollantaytambo%E2%80%A6Rio_Vilcanota_valley_(8443425041).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/The_Sacred_Valley%2C_from_Cusco_to_Ollantaytambo%E2%80%A6Rio_Vilcanota_valley_%288443425041%29.jpg/220px-The_Sacred_Valley%2C_from_Cusco_to_Ollantaytambo%E2%80%A6Rio_Vilcanota_valley_%288443425041%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/The_Sacred_Valley%2C_from_Cusco_to_Ollantaytambo%E2%80%A6Rio_Vilcanota_valley_%288443425041%29.jpg/330px-The_Sacred_Valley%2C_from_Cusco_to_Ollantaytambo%E2%80%A6Rio_Vilcanota_valley_%288443425041%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/The_Sacred_Valley%2C_from_Cusco_to_Ollantaytambo%E2%80%A6Rio_Vilcanota_valley_%288443425041%29.jpg/440px-The_Sacred_Valley%2C_from_Cusco_to_Ollantaytambo%E2%80%A6Rio_Vilcanota_valley_%288443425041%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2121" data-file-height="1414" /></a><figcaption><i><b>Die Heilige Vallei</b></i>, van Cusco tot Ollantaytambo, Rio Vilcanota-vallei in die Quechua-streek.</figcaption></figure><b>Quechua</b>: 'n Streek van gematigde lande wat oor beide Andese hellings tussen 2300 en 3500 meter bo seespieël strek. Die reliëf wissel tussen valleie en waterskeidings wat strome voed na dieselfde kom, met beperkte somerreën. Die flora sluit <a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alnus_jorullensis" class="extiw" title="es:Alnus jorullensis">els</a>, <a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alnus_acuminata" class="extiw" title="es:Alnus acuminata">lambrán</a> of <a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tagetes_elliptica" class="extiw" title="es:Tagetes elliptica">rambash</a>, <a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vaccinium_meridionale" class="extiw" title="es:Vaccinium meridionale">gongapa</a> en <a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arracacia_xanthorrhiza" class="extiw" title="es:Arracacia xanthorrhiza">arracacha</a> in, en daar word <a href="/wiki/Mielie" title="Mielie">mielies</a>, <a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cucurbita_ficifolia" class="extiw" title="es:Cucurbita ficifolia">pampoen</a>, <a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Passiflora_ligularis" class="extiw" title="es:Passiflora ligularis">granadilla</a>, <a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vasconcellea_pubescens" class="extiw" title="es:Vasconcellea pubescens">geurige papaja</a>, <a href="/wiki/Koring" title="Koring">koring</a> en <a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prunus_persica" class="extiw" title="es:Prunus persica">perske verbou</a>. Die fauna sluit voëls soos die <a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turdus_nigriceps" class="extiw" title="es:Turdus nigriceps">grys tortel</a> of <a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turdus_chiguanco" class="extiw" title="es:Turdus chiguanco">chihuanco</a> in.</li> <li><b>Suni of Jalca</b>: Lande met 'n koue, droë klimaat en volop somerreën, geleë tussen 3500 en 4100 meter, gekenmerk deur gletservalleie en effens golwende bodems. Die landskap is bedek met <a href="/wiki/Grasfamilie" title="Grasfamilie">grasse</a> en <a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arbusto" class="extiw" title="es:Arbusto">struike</a> soos <a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caesalpinia_spinosa" class="extiw" title="es:Caesalpinia spinosa">taya-taya</a>, <a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buddleja_incana" class="extiw" title="es:Buddleja incana">quishuar</a> en <a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cantua_buxifolia" class="extiw" title="es:Cantua buxifolia">cantuta</a> ('n heilige blom vir die <a href="/wiki/Inkas" title="Inkas">Inca</a>'s). Ten spyte van die klimaat word <a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chenopodium_quinoa" class="extiw" title="es:Chenopodium quinoa">quinoa</a>, <a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chenopodium_pallidicaule" class="extiw" title="es:Chenopodium pallidicaule">cañigua</a>, <a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phaseolus_lunatus" class="extiw" title="es:Phaseolus lunatus">boontjies</a>, <a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ullucus_tuberosus" class="extiw" title="es:Ullucus tuberosus">olluco</a> en ander gewasse verbou. Die fauna sluit die <a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turdus_chiguanco" class="extiw" title="es:Turdus chiguanco">swart tortel</a> en die <a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cavia_porcellus" class="extiw" title="es:Cavia porcellus">cuy</a> in.</li> <li><figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Laguna_Conococha.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Laguna_Conococha.jpg/220px-Laguna_Conococha.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="145" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Laguna_Conococha.jpg/330px-Laguna_Conococha.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Laguna_Conococha.jpg/440px-Laguna_Conococha.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1074" data-file-height="706" /></a><figcaption>Op die voorgrond die <i><b>Conococha-strandmeer</b></i> op 4050 m bo seespieël. n. m. in die Puna-streek. In die agtergrond die sneeuagtige Janca- of Cordillera-streek.</figcaption></figure><b>La Puna</b>: Beslaan die hooglande en kranse van die Andes tussen 4100 en 4800 meter, waar 'n koue klimaat oorheers. Oor dag is die temperature positief, maar daal snags onder 0 °C. Tipiese plantegroei sluit <a href="/wiki/Cactaceae" title="Cactaceae">kaktusse</a> in, en in mere en moerasse, <a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Typha" class="extiw" title="es:Typha">totora</a>. Die mees algemene gewasse is <a href="/wiki/Gars" title="Gars">gars</a>, <a href="/wiki/Aartappel" title="Aartappel">aartappel</a> en <a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lepidium_meyenii" class="extiw" title="es:Lepidium meyenii">maca</a>. Die kenmerkende fauna sluit <a href="/wiki/Lama_(dier)" title="Lama (dier)">lama</a>, <a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vicugna_pacos" class="extiw" title="es:Vicugna pacos">alpaca</a>, <a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vicugna_vicugna" class="extiw" title="es:Vicugna vicugna">vicuña</a>, <a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lama_guanicoe" class="extiw" title="es:Lama guanicoe">guanaco</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kondor" title="Kondor">kondor</a>, <a href="/wiki/Andes-gans" title="Andes-gans">huallata</a>, <a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phoenicoparrus_andinus" class="extiw" title="es:Phoenicoparrus andinus">parihuana</a>, <a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cairina_moschata" class="extiw" title="es:Cairina moschata">eend</a> en ander watervoëls in.</li> <li><b>La Janca</b>: Dit stem ooreen met die hoë, ysige pieke, die domein van die <a href="/wiki/Kondor" title="Kondor">kondor</a>, waar die klimaat gletseragtig is en die plantegroei baie skaars is, byna beperk tot <a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Azorella_compacta" class="extiw" title="es:Azorella compacta">yareta</a> of <a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Azorella_compacta" class="extiw" title="es:Azorella compacta">yarita</a>.</li> <li>La <b>Rupa Rupa</b> of <b>Selva Alta</b>: Bosagtige voetberge geleë tussen 400 en 1000 meter op die oostelike helling van die <a href="/wiki/Andes" title="Andes">Andes</a>, gekenmerk deur smal, lang <a href="/wiki/Vallei" title="Vallei">valleie</a> en rivierklowe of pongos. Die warm, vogtige en reënerige klimaat bevorder 'n verskeidenheid tropiese flora en 'n diverse fauna, insluitend die <a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tapirus_terrestris" class="extiw" title="es:Tapirus terrestris">sachavaca</a> (<a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tapirus_pinchaque" class="extiw" title="es:Tapirus pinchaque">tapir</a>), <a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tayassu_pecari" class="extiw" title="es:Tayassu pecari">huangana</a> en <a href="/wiki/Jaguar" title="Jaguar">jaguar</a>.</li> <li><b>Omagua</b>, <b>La Amazonía</b> of <b>Selva Baja</b>: 'n Laeveldwoud wat strek tussen 80 en 400 meter op die oostelike Andese helling, waar riviere van die Amazone-bekken deur <a href="/wiki/Meander" title="Meander">meanders</a>, moerasse en mere vloei. Die flora sluit bome soos <a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Euterpe_oleracea" class="extiw" title="es:Euterpe oleracea">chonta</a>, <a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cedrela_odorata" class="extiw" title="es:Cedrela odorata">seder</a>, <a href="/wiki/Palmagtige" title="Palmagtige">palmbome</a>, <a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Attalea_phalerata" class="extiw" title="es:Attalea phalerata">shapaja</a> en <a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schizolobium_parahyba" class="extiw" title="es:Schizolobium parahyba">shebo</a> in, en plante soos <a href="/wiki/Orchidaceae" title="Orchidaceae">orgideë</a>. Die fauna sluit die <a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydrochoerus_hydrochaeris" class="extiw" title="es:Hydrochoerus hydrochaeris">capybara</a>, <a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Priodontes_maximus" class="extiw" title="es:Priodontes maximus">reuse-gordeldier</a>, <a href="/wiki/Otter" title="Otter">otter</a> en <a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Odocoileus_peruvianus" class="extiw" title="es:Odocoileus peruvianus">rooi hert</a> in, voëls soos <a href="/wiki/Toekan" title="Toekan">toekan</a>, <a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Opisthocomus_hoazin" class="extiw" title="es:Opisthocomus hoazin">hoatzin</a>, <a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jabiru_mycteria" class="extiw" title="es:Jabiru mycteria">jabirú</a> en <a href="/wiki/Ara" title="Ara">ara</a>, sowel as visse soos die <a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arapaima_gigas" class="extiw" title="es:Arapaima gigas">paiche</a> en <a href="/wiki/Lamantyn" title="Lamantyn">ander waterdiere</a> soos <a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pipa_pipa" class="extiw" title="es:Pipa pipa">die seekoe.</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Geskiedenis">Geskiedenis</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Peru&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Wysig afdeling: Geskiedenis" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>wysig</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Peru&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section's source code: Geskiedenis"><span>wysig bron</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:80_-_Machu_Picchu_-_Juin_2009_-_edit.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/80_-_Machu_Picchu_-_Juin_2009_-_edit.jpg/220px-80_-_Machu_Picchu_-_Juin_2009_-_edit.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="215" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/80_-_Machu_Picchu_-_Juin_2009_-_edit.jpg/330px-80_-_Machu_Picchu_-_Juin_2009_-_edit.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/80_-_Machu_Picchu_-_Juin_2009_-_edit.jpg/440px-80_-_Machu_Picchu_-_Juin_2009_-_edit.jpg 2x" data-file-width="10000" data-file-height="9760" /></a><figcaption>Die vesting van <a href="/wiki/Machu_Picchu" title="Machu Picchu">Machu Picchu</a>, 'n ikoniese simbool van die pre-Columbiaanse Peru en sedert 1983 'n <a href="/wiki/Unesco" title="Unesco">Unesco</a>-<a href="/wiki/W%C3%AArelderfenisgebied" title="Wêrelderfenisgebied">wêrelderfenisgebied</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Die langste tydperk van Peruaanse geskiedenis is net voor die <a href="/wiki/Spaanse_verowering_van_die_Inka-ryk" title="Spaanse verowering van die Inka-ryk">Spaanse verowering van die Inka-ryk</a> onder <a href="/wiki/Francisco_Pizarro" title="Francisco Pizarro">Francisco Pizarro</a> in die laat 15de eeu. Die vroegste bewyse van die <a href="/wiki/Mens" title="Mens">mens</a> in Peru dui daarop dat die mens omtrent tienduisend jaar gelede van die ander kontinente teen die einde van die laaste <a href="/wiki/Ystydperk" title="Ystydperk">ystydperk</a> in die <a href="/wiki/Pleistoseen" title="Pleistoseen">Pleistoseen</a> Suid-Amerika bereik het. </p><p>Die eerste Peruaanse georganiseerde bendes en stamme was jagters en versamelaars. Die jag van die Suid-Amerikaanse camelids in die Andiese hooglande (veral guanacos), <a href="/wiki/Visvang" title="Visvang">visvang</a> en <a href="/wiki/Skulp" title="Skulp">skulpvisoes</a> langs die <a href="/wiki/Stille_Oseaan" title="Stille Oseaan">Stille Oseaankus</a> was die belangrikste <a href="/wiki/Ekonomie" title="Ekonomie">ekonomiese</a> aktiwiteite. Hulle het ook klipwerktuie uitgekap. </p><p>Die progressiewe ontdekking van die <a href="/wiki/Landbou" title="Landbou">landbou</a> (Argaïese tydperk) het 'n toenemend groeiende ekonomie toegelaat. Landbou-siklusse, oorheers deur die sterrekundige <a href="/wiki/Priester" title="Priester">priesters</a>, het dit met groot krag toegerus. Dit is dus geglo dat die eerste komplekse organisasies teokratiese van aard was. Die eerste <a href="/wiki/Tempel" title="Tempel">tempels</a> het langs die sentrale kus en die sentrale noordelike en sentrale hooglande ontstaan. Hulle het die Andes-<a href="/wiki/Beskawing" title="Beskawing">beskawing</a> ingelui. <a href="/wiki/Caral" title="Caral">Caral</a> is die oudste bekende nedersetting in die <a href="/wiki/Amerikas" title="Amerikas">Amerikas</a> en 'n deeglik bestudeerde argeologiese terrein van die Norte Chico-beskawing. </p><p>As gevolg van die <a href="/wiki/Salpeteroorlog" title="Salpeteroorlog">Salpeteroorlog</a> (1879–1883) moes Peru sy suidelikste gedeeltes aan Chili afstaan. Sedertdien is die stad <a href="/wiki/Arica" title="Arica">Arica</a> suid van die Chileens-Peruaanse grens geleë. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Geologiese_opbou">Geologiese opbou</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Peru&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Wysig afdeling: Geologiese opbou" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>wysig</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Peru&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section's source code: Geologiese opbou"><span>wysig bron</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Pacific_Ring_of_Fire.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Pacific_Ring_of_Fire.svg/220px-Pacific_Ring_of_Fire.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="133" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Pacific_Ring_of_Fire.svg/330px-Pacific_Ring_of_Fire.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Pacific_Ring_of_Fire.svg/440px-Pacific_Ring_of_Fire.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="942" data-file-height="569" /></a><figcaption>Die Stille Oseaan se Ring van Vuur</figcaption></figure> <p>Die Andesgebergte, wat hom oor die hele lengte uitstrek, vorm die opvallendste element van die Peruaanse landskap. Die westelike reeks, Cordillera Occidental, is die hoogste en omvat tientalle pieke van meer as 5 000 m hoog, waaronder pieke van meer as 6 000 m, soos <a href="/w/index.php?title=Huascaran&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Huascaran (bladsy bestaan nie)">Huascaran</a> (6 768 m), Peru se hoogste piek, voorkom. Die oostelike bergreeks, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Cordillera_Oriental&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cordillera Oriental (bladsy bestaan nie)">Cordillera Oriental</a>, is dor en kaal en word deur diep valleie gevorm en deur <a href="/wiki/Rivier" title="Rivier">riviere</a> van die <a href="/wiki/Amesonerivier" class="mw-redirect" title="Amesonerivier">Amesonestelsel</a> deursny. </p><p>Die belangrikste Peruaanse bronrivier van die Amesonerivier is die <a href="/wiki/R%C3%ADo_Mara%C3%B1%C3%B3n" title="Río Marañón">Río Marañón</a> (met as syriviere onder meer die Río Tigre, Río Santiago en Río Huallaga), die <a href="/wiki/R%C3%ADo_Ucayali" title="Río Ucayali">Río Ucayali</a> (met as syriviere onder meer die Río Tapiche, Río Urubamba, Río Ene en Río Pachitea) en die Río Napo. Die westelike Andesreeks word dreineer deur middel van 'n vyftigtal riviere, wat gevoed word deur die smeltende <a href="/wiki/Sneeu" title="Sneeu">sneeu</a> en welkome oases in die droë kusvlakte vorm. </p><p>Die meeste riviere het 'n deel van die jaar geen water nie en net een is bevaarbaar, naamlik die Río Tumbes. Tussen die westelike en oostelike Andesreeks lê 'n sentrale reeks, die Cordillera Central, wat in die suide met die ander twee saamkom in ’n hoogvlakte, die Puno of <a href="/w/index.php?title=Altiplano&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Altiplano (bladsy bestaan nie)">Altiplano</a>. Dit is omring deur bergrûens met hoë pieke, waaronder (uitgedoofde) vulkane soos <a href="/w/index.php?title=Tacora&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tacora (bladsy bestaan nie)">Tacora</a> en <a href="/w/index.php?title=Tutupaca&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tutupaca (bladsy bestaan nie)">Tutupaca</a>. Die Puno word onder meer dreineer deur vier riviere in die Titicacameer, wat deels in Peruaanse en deels in Boliviaanse grondgebied lê. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Landskappe">Landskappe</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Peru&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Wysig afdeling: Landskappe" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>wysig</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Peru&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section's source code: Landskappe"><span>wysig bron</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:P_maldonado.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/P_maldonado.jpg/220px-P_maldonado.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="142" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/P_maldonado.jpg/330px-P_maldonado.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/P_maldonado.jpg/440px-P_maldonado.jpg 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="387" /></a><figcaption>Peruaanse Costa naby Ica</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Sierra02a.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Sierra02a.jpg/220px-Sierra02a.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="334" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Sierra02a.jpg/330px-Sierra02a.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/05/Sierra02a.jpg 2x" data-file-width="395" data-file-height="600" /></a><figcaption>Peruaanse Sierra naby Cusco</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Ica_dunes.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Ica_dunes.JPG/220px-Ica_dunes.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="139" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Ica_dunes.JPG/330px-Ica_dunes.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Ica_dunes.JPG/440px-Ica_dunes.JPG 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="379" /></a><figcaption>Peruaanse Selva naby Puerto Maldonado</figcaption></figure> <p>Globaal kan Peru in drie dele verdeel word: van wes na oos die kusvlakte (costa), die bergland (sierra) en die oerwoud (selva). Die hoogteverskille en wisselinge tussen die hellings, bergrûens, plato's en valleie skep ’n gevarieerde Peruaanse landskap. Deurgaans word agt landskaptipes onderskei, elkeen met sy eie kenmerkende <a href="/wiki/Klimaat" title="Klimaat">klimaat</a>, <a href="/wiki/Plante" class="mw-redirect" title="Plante">plantegroei</a>, grondbenutting en menslike bewoning. </p><p>Die Chala is die droë kusvlakte, die kusgebied benede 500 m bo seespieël, wat net 12% van die landoppervlakte beslaan, maar waar al die groot stede, onder meer die hoofstad, Lima, lê. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Yungas&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Yungas (bladsy bestaan nie)">Yungas</a> is die naam vir die oerwoudgebiede tussen 300 en 2 500 m bo seespieël op die oostelike en westelike helling van die Andesgebergte, terwyl <a href="/w/index.php?title=Rupa-Rupa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rupa-Rupa (bladsy bestaan nie)">Rupa-Rupa</a> die laer oostelike helling is. </p><p>Die Quechuagebied is die naam wat gegee word aan die streke waar die Inkakultuur se grootste nedersettings was. Dit is streke op 'n hoogte tussen 2 500 en 3 800 m met 'n gematigde klimaat. Suni is die naam vir die kaal plato's wat tussen 3 800 en 4 200 m lê en deur steil hellings begrens word. Die Puno of Altiplano is die uitgestrekte hoogvlakte in Suid-Peru wat tussen 4 200 en 5 200 m lê. </p><p><a href="/w/index.php?title=Janca&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Janca (bladsy bestaan nie)">Janca</a> is die bergrûens van die Andesgebergte wat bo sowat 5 000 m lê, 'n gebied waar menslike bewoning onmoontlik is, en die <a href="/w/index.php?title=Omagua&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Omagua (bladsy bestaan nie)">Omagua</a> is die tropiese woudgebied wat deel uitmaak van die Amasonebekken. Dit beslaan 60% van Peru se grondgebied, terwyl net 'n fraksie van die land se bevolking daar woon. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Klimaat_en_plantegroei">Klimaat en plantegroei</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Peru&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Wysig afdeling: Klimaat en plantegroei" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>wysig</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Peru&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section's source code: Klimaat en plantegroei"><span>wysig bron</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Koppen-Geiger_Map_PER_present.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Koppen-Geiger_Map_PER_present.svg/220px-Koppen-Geiger_Map_PER_present.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Koppen-Geiger_Map_PER_present.svg/330px-Koppen-Geiger_Map_PER_present.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Koppen-Geiger_Map_PER_present.svg/440px-Koppen-Geiger_Map_PER_present.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1243" data-file-height="850" /></a><figcaption>Klimaatsones in Peru volgens die <a href="/wiki/K%C3%B6ppen-klimaatklassifikasie" title="Köppen-klimaatklassifikasie">Köppen-klimaatklassifikasie</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Peru lê in die tropiese lugstreek. Tog het net die selva 'n tropiese reënwoudklimaat. Die oorheersende suidoospassaat waai nie by die Peruaanse kusvlakte nie, en gevolglik het dit ’n baie droë klimaat. Net in die <a href="/wiki/Winter" title="Winter">winter</a> (van <a href="/wiki/Mei" title="Mei">Mei</a> tot <a href="/wiki/Oktober" title="Oktober">Oktober</a>) het die <a href="/wiki/Mis_(weerkunde)" title="Mis (weerkunde)">mis</a>, wat uit die relatief koue <a href="/w/index.php?title=Humboldt-stroom&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Humboldt-stroom (bladsy bestaan nie)">Humboldt-stroom</a> (of Perustroom) kom, ’n bietjie vogtigheid tot gevolg. </p><p>Bo ’n hoogte van 4 000 m is die klimaat tipies vir hooggebergtes, waar <a href="/wiki/Ryp" title="Ryp">ryp</a> snags die heel jaar voorkom. Die grens van die ewigdurende sneeu lê tussen 5 200 en 6 300 m bo seespieël. 'n Deel van die kusvlakte is onder besproeiing en hier word die belangrikste uitvoergewasse verbou. Verder is dit net 'n kaal gebied, begroei met kort <a href="/wiki/Struik" title="Struik">struikgewasse</a> en <a href="/wiki/Cactaceae" title="Cactaceae">kaktusse</a>. </p><p>Die westelike Andesvalleie is natter as die kusvlakte en het vrugbare grond waarop onder meer graan en sitrusvrugte verbou word. Die <a href="/w/index.php?title=Curvierhaasmuis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Curvierhaasmuis (bladsy bestaan nie)">curvierhaasmuis</a> (<i>Lagidium viscaccia</i>) kom veral in die suide van Peru nog baie voor. Die dier is ongeveer so groot soos 'n <a href="/w/index.php?title=Konyn&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Konyn (bladsy bestaan nie)">konyn</a> en leef in groepe. In die hoogtes kom uitgestrekte bloekombosse voor. </p><p>Bo 4 000 m oorheers die grasland en plantegroei in die hooggebergtes. Die oostelike Andeshellings is digter begroei en gaan geleidelik oor in die oostelike oerwoud. Meer as die helfte van Peru is bedek met natuurlike woud, bestaande uit baie uiteenlopende en waardevolle houtsoorte. Die ontginning van die woude het nog skaars begin vanweë die ontoeganklikheid van die oerwoud. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Taal_en_godsdiens">Taal en godsdiens</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Peru&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Wysig afdeling: Taal en godsdiens" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>wysig</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Peru&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section's source code: Taal en godsdiens"><span>wysig bron</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Bas%C3%ADlica_Catedral_Metropolitana_de_Lima.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Bas%C3%ADlica_Catedral_Metropolitana_de_Lima.jpg/220px-Bas%C3%ADlica_Catedral_Metropolitana_de_Lima.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="173" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Bas%C3%ADlica_Catedral_Metropolitana_de_Lima.jpg/330px-Bas%C3%ADlica_Catedral_Metropolitana_de_Lima.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Bas%C3%ADlica_Catedral_Metropolitana_de_Lima.jpg/440px-Bas%C3%ADlica_Catedral_Metropolitana_de_Lima.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3439" data-file-height="2704" /></a><figcaption>Katedraal en die aartsbiskop se paleis in Lima</figcaption></figure> <p>Spaans, Quechua en Aymara is die amptelike tale van Peru. Baie <a href="/wiki/Indiane" title="Indiane">Indiane</a> praat 'n Quechua-taal (die Runa Simi van die Inkas) of Aymara. Tans is 97% van die bevolking <a href="/wiki/Rooms-Katolieke_Kerk" title="Rooms-Katolieke Kerk">Rooms-Katoliek</a>. Die Indiane het egter baie van die elemente uit hul tradisionele godsdienste behou en dit in sommige gevalle met die Rooms-Katolisisme verweef. Daar is godsdiensvryheid in Peru, al verkeer die Rooms-Katolieke Kerk in 'n beskermde posisie. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Onderwys">Onderwys</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Peru&veaction=edit&section=8" title="Wysig afdeling: Onderwys" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>wysig</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Peru&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section's source code: Onderwys"><span>wysig bron</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Perou-Lima_9906a.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Perou-Lima_9906a.jpg/220px-Perou-Lima_9906a.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Perou-Lima_9906a.jpg/330px-Perou-Lima_9906a.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Perou-Lima_9906a.jpg/440px-Perou-Lima_9906a.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3254" data-file-height="2164" /></a><figcaption>Peruaanse skoolkinders</figcaption></figure> <p>Hoewel onderwys in Peru gratis en verpligtend vir alle kinders van 7 tot 16 jaar is, is dit in die praktyk in die verafgeleë gebiede nie moontlik nie, ondanks die verskillende projekte ter bestryding van <a href="/wiki/Geletterdheid" title="Geletterdheid">analfabetisme</a>. Na raming kan 30% van die bevolking nog lees nog skryf. Die meeste instellings vir voortgesette onderwys, waaronder 20 instellings vir hoër onderwys, is in die kusvlakte. Onder die universiteite is die San Marcos-universiteit in Lima (die oudste in Suid-Amerika, gestig in 1551) die belangrikste, asook die universiteit in Cuzco, wat in 1692 deur die <a href="/wiki/Jesu%C3%AFet" title="Jesuïet">Jesuïete</a> opgerig is, en die San Christóbal de Hyamanga-universiteit in Ayacucho. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Gesondheidsorg_en_sosiale_voorsiening">Gesondheidsorg en sosiale voorsiening</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Peru&veaction=edit&section=9" title="Wysig afdeling: Gesondheidsorg en sosiale voorsiening" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>wysig</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Peru&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section's source code: Gesondheidsorg en sosiale voorsiening"><span>wysig bron</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Gebrekkige higiëniese omstandighede, ondervoeding, ’n hoë kindersterftesyfer en endemiese siektes (waaronder <a href="/wiki/Malaria" title="Malaria">malaria</a> en frambosesiekte) maak gesondheidsorg een van die dringendste voorkeure aan die kant van die owerheid. In beginsel het Peru sedert 1933 'n taamlik volledige stelsel van sosiale voorsiening, onder meer voorsiening wat betref siekte en werkloosheid, bejaardesorg en jong moeders. In die praktyk trek slegs werknemers in die stedelike gebiede voordeel uit hierdie voorsiening. Peru se grootste vakbond is die <i>Confederación de Trabajadores del Perú</i> (CTP). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Verwysings">Verwysings</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Peru&veaction=edit&section=10" title="Wysig afdeling: Verwysings" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>wysig</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Peru&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section's source code: Verwysings"><span>wysig bron</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="reflist columns references-column-count references-column-count-2" style="-moz-column-count: 2; -webkit-column-count: 2; column-count: 2; list-style-type: decimal;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span style="font-family:sans-serif; font-weight:bold; font-size:85%; cursor:help; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d);" title="Taal: Engels">(<span style="border-bottom: 1px dotted var(--color-subtle, #54595d);">en</span>) </span> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r2205490">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-free a{background-image:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png");background-image:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg");background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:9px;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-registration a{background-image:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-gray-alt-2.svg.png");background-image:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg");background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:9px;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-subscription a{background-image:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-red-alt-2.svg.png");background-image:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg");background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:9px;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration{color:#555}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription span,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration span{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-image:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/12px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png");background-image:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg");background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:12px;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output code.cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:inherit;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#33aa33;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration,.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}</style><cite id="CITEREFMatthew_Søberg_Shugart2005" class="citation journal cs1">Matthew Søberg Shugart (September 2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080819200307/http://dss.ucsd.edu/~mshugart/semi-presidentialism.pdf">"Semi-Presidential Systems: Dual Executive and Mixed Authority Patterns"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Graduate School of International Relations and Pacific Studies</i>. Geargiveer vanaf <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://dss.ucsd.edu/~mshugart/semi-presidentialism.pdf">die oorspronklike</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> op 19 Augustus 2008<span class="reference-accessdate">. Besoek op <span class="nowrap">31 Augustus</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Graduate+School+of+International+Relations+and+Pacific+Studies&rft.atitle=Semi-Presidential+Systems%3A+Dual+Executive+and+Mixed+Authority+Patterns&rft.date=2005-09&rft.au=Matthew+S%C3%B8berg+Shugart&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdss.ucsd.edu%2F~mshugart%2Fsemi-presidentialism.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3APeru" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-2">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span style="font-family:sans-serif; font-weight:bold; font-size:85%; cursor:help; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d);" title="Taal: Engels">(<span style="border-bottom: 1px dotted var(--color-subtle, #54595d);">en</span>) </span> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490"><cite id="CITEREFMatthew_Søberg_Shugart2005" class="citation journal cs1">Matthew Søberg Shugart (Desember 2005). "Semi-Presidential Systems: Dual Executive And Mixed Authority Patterns". <i>French Politics</i>. <b>3</b> (3): 323–351. <a href="/wiki/Digitale_objek-identifiseerder" title="Digitale objek-identifiseerder">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1057%2Fpalgrave.fp.8200087">10.1057/palgrave.fp.8200087</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/issn/1476-3427">1476-3427</a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/6895745903">6895745903</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=French+Politics&rft.atitle=Semi-Presidential+Systems%3A+Dual+Executive+And+Mixed+Authority+Patterns&rft.volume=3&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=323-351&rft.date=2005-12&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F6895745903&rft.issn=1476-3427&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1057%2Fpalgrave.fp.8200087&rft.au=Matthew+S%C3%B8berg+Shugart&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3APeru" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-CIA-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-CIA_3-0">3,0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-CIA_3-1">3,1</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><span style="font-family:sans-serif; font-weight:bold; font-size:85%; cursor:help; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d);" title="Taal: Engels">(<span style="border-bottom: 1px dotted var(--color-subtle, #54595d);">en</span>) </span> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/peru/">"Peru"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Central_Intelligence_Agency" title="Central Intelligence Agency">Central Intelligence Agency</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Besoek op <span class="nowrap">9 Maart</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Peru&rft.pub=Central+Intelligence+Agency&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cia.gov%2Fthe-world-factbook%2Fcountries%2Fperu%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3APeru" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-imf2-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-imf2_4-0">4,0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-imf2_4-1">4,1</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-imf2_4-2">4,2</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-imf2_4-3">4,3</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><span style="font-family:sans-serif; font-weight:bold; font-size:85%; cursor:help; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d);" title="Taal: Engels">(<span style="border-bottom: 1px dotted var(--color-subtle, #54595d);">en</span>) </span> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.imf.org/en/Publications/WEO/weo-database/2023/October/weo-report?c=293,&s=NGDPD,PPPGDP,NGDPDPC,PPPPC,&sy=2021&ey=2028&ssm=0&scsm=1&scc=0&ssd=1&ssc=0&sic=0&sort=country&ds=.&br=1">"Peru"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Internasionale_Monet%C3%AAre_Fonds" title="Internasionale Monetêre Fonds">Internasionale Monetêre Fonds</a>. Oktober 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Besoek op <span class="nowrap">9 Maart</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Peru&rft.pub=Internasionale+Monet%C3%AAre+Fonds&rft.date=2023-10&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.imf.org%2Fen%2FPublications%2FWEO%2Fweo-database%2F2023%2FOctober%2Fweo-report%3Fc%3D293%2C%26s%3DNGDPD%2CPPPGDP%2CNGDPDPC%2CPPPPC%2C%26sy%3D2021%26ey%3D2028%26ssm%3D0%26scsm%3D1%26scc%3D0%26ssd%3D1%26ssc%3D0%26sic%3D0%26sort%3Dcountry%26ds%3D.%26br%3D1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3APeru" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-5">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span style="font-family:sans-serif; font-weight:bold; font-size:85%; cursor:help; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d);" title="Taal: Engels">(<span style="border-bottom: 1px dotted var(--color-subtle, #54595d);">en</span>) </span> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hdr.undp.org/system/files/documents/global-report-document/hdr2021-22pdf_1.pdf">"Human Development Report 2021/2022"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. United Nations Development Programme. 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Besoek op <span class="nowrap">9 Maart</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Human+Development+Report+2021%2F2022&rft.pub=United+Nations+Development+Programme&rft.date=2021&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fhdr.undp.org%2Fsystem%2Ffiles%2Fdocuments%2Fglobal-report-document%2Fhdr2021-22pdf_1.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3APeru" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-6">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span style="font-family:sans-serif; font-weight:bold; font-size:85%; cursor:help; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d);" title="Taal: Engels">(<span style="border-bottom: 1px dotted var(--color-subtle, #54595d);">en</span>) </span> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SI.POV.GINI?locations=PE">"Gini index – Peru"</a>. <a href="/wiki/W%C3%AAreldbank" title="Wêreldbank">Wêreldbank</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Besoek op <span class="nowrap">9 Maart</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Gini+index+%E2%80%93+Peru&rft.pub=W%C3%AAreldbank&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdata.worldbank.org%2Findicator%2FSI.POV.GINI%3Flocations%3DPE&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3APeru" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-7">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Pulgar Vidal, J. (1959). Geografía del Perú: Las ocho regiones naturales del Perú. Lima.</span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bronnelys">Bronnelys</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Peru&veaction=edit&section=11" title="Wysig afdeling: Bronnelys" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>wysig</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Peru&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section's source code: Bronnelys"><span>wysig bron</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <dl><dt>Algemeen</dt></dl> <ul><li><span style="font-family:sans-serif; font-weight:bold; font-size:85%; cursor:help; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d);" title="Taal: Engels">(<span style="border-bottom: 1px dotted var(--color-subtle, #54595d);">en</span>) </span> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/place/Peru">"Peru"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica" title="Encyclopædia Britannica">Encyclopædia Britannica</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Besoek op <span class="nowrap">9 Maart</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Peru&rft.pub=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.britannica.com%2Fplace%2FPeru&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3APeru" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><span style="font-family:sans-serif; font-weight:bold; font-size:85%; cursor:help; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d);" title="Taal: Engels">(<span style="border-bottom: 1px dotted var(--color-subtle, #54595d);">en</span>) </span> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/peru/">"Peru"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Central_Intelligence_Agency" title="Central Intelligence Agency">Central Intelligence Agency</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Besoek op <span class="nowrap">9 Maart</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Peru&rft.pub=Central+Intelligence+Agency&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cia.gov%2Fthe-world-factbook%2Fcountries%2Fperu%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3APeru" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/W%C3%AAreldspektrum" title="Wêreldspektrum">Wêreldspektrum</a></i>, 1982, <a href="/wiki/Spesiaal:Boekbronne/090840963X" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 0-908409-63-X</a>, volume 22, bl. 169</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Eksterne_skakels">Eksterne skakels</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Peru&veaction=edit&section=12" title="Wysig afdeling: Eksterne skakels" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>wysig</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Peru&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section's source code: Eksterne skakels"><span>wysig bron</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table role="presentation" class="mbox-small plainlinks sistersitebox" style="background-color:var(--background-color-base, #fff);border:1px solid var(--border-color-base, #a2a9b1);color:inherit"> <tbody><tr> <td class="mbox-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></td> <td class="mbox-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons bevat media in verband met <i><b><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Peru" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Peru">Peru</a></b></i>.</td></tr></tbody></table> <ul><li><span style="font-family:sans-serif; font-weight:bold; font-size:85%; cursor:help; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d);" title="Taal: Engels">(<span style="border-bottom: 1px dotted var(--color-subtle, #54595d);">en</span>) </span> Toerisme-inligting oor <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikivoyage.org/wiki/Peru">Peru</a> op <a href="/wiki/Wikivoyage" title="Wikivoyage">Wikivoyage</a></li> <li><span style="font-family:sans-serif; font-weight:bold; font-size:85%; cursor:help; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d);" title="Taal: Spaans">(<span style="border-bottom: 1px dotted var(--color-subtle, #54595d);">es</span>) </span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gob.pe/">Amptelike webwerf van die Peruaanse regering</a></li></ul> <div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Lande_en_gebiede_in_Suid-Amerika" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><div class="plainlinks hlist navbar mini"><ul><li class="nv-lees"><a href="/wiki/Sjabloon:Lande_van_Suid-Amerika" title="Sjabloon:Lande van Suid-Amerika"><abbr title="Lees hierdie sjabloon" style=";;background:none transparent;color:inherit;border:none;-moz-box-shadow:none;-webkit-box-shadow:none;box-shadow:none; padding:0;">l</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-bespreek"><a href="/wiki/Sjabloonbespreking:Lande_van_Suid-Amerika" title="Sjabloonbespreking:Lande van Suid-Amerika"><abbr title="Bespreek hierdie sjabloon" style=";;background:none transparent;color:inherit;border:none;-moz-box-shadow:none;-webkit-box-shadow:none;box-shadow:none; padding:0;">b</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-wysig"><a class="external text" href="https://af.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sjabloon:Lande_van_Suid-Amerika&action=edit"><abbr title="Wysig hierdie sjabloon" style=";;background:none transparent;color:inherit;border:none;-moz-box-shadow:none;-webkit-box-shadow:none;box-shadow:none; padding:0;">w</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Lande_en_gebiede_in_Suid-Amerika" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Lande en gebiede in <a href="/wiki/Suid-Amerika" title="Suid-Amerika">Suid-Amerika</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Lys_van_lande" title="Lys van lande">Lande</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Argentini%C3%AB" title="Argentinië">Argentinië</a> • <a href="/wiki/Bolivi%C3%AB" title="Bolivië">Bolivië</a> • <a href="/wiki/Brasili%C3%AB" title="Brasilië">Brasilië</a> • <a href="/wiki/Chili" title="Chili">Chili</a> • <a href="/wiki/Colombia" title="Colombia">Colombia</a> • <a href="/wiki/Ecuador" title="Ecuador">Ecuador</a> • <a href="/wiki/Guyana" title="Guyana">Guyana</a> • <a href="/wiki/Paraguay" title="Paraguay">Paraguay</a> • <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Peru</a> • <a href="/wiki/Suriname" title="Suriname">Suriname</a> • <a href="/wiki/Uruguay" title="Uruguay">Uruguay</a> • <a href="/wiki/Venezuela" title="Venezuela">Venezuela</a></div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="3" style="width:1px;padding:0px 0px 0px 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:South_America_(orthographic_projection).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/South_America_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/100px-South_America_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/South_America_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/150px-South_America_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/South_America_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/200px-South_America_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="541" data-file-height="541" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Lys_van_afhanklike_gebiede" title="Lys van afhanklike gebiede">Afhanklike gebiede</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Ecuador" title="Ecuador">Ecuador</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Gal%C3%A1pagos-eilande" title="Galápagos-eilande">Galápagos-eilande</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Frankryk" title="Frankryk">Frankryk</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Frans-Guyana" title="Frans-Guyana">Frans-Guyana</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Verenigde_Koninkryk" title="Verenigde Koninkryk">Verenigde Koninkryk</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Falkland-eilande" title="Falkland-eilande">Falkland-eilande</a> • <a href="/wiki/Suid-Georgi%C3%AB_en_die_Suidelike_Sandwicheilande" title="Suid-Georgië en die Suidelike Sandwicheilande">Suid-Georgië en die Suidelike Sandwicheilande</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Lande van</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Sjabloon:Lande_van_Afrika" title="Sjabloon:Lande van Afrika">Afrika</a> • <a href="/wiki/Sjabloon:Lande_van_Asi%C3%AB" title="Sjabloon:Lande van Asië">Asië</a> • <a href="/wiki/Sjabloon:Lande_van_Europa" title="Sjabloon:Lande van Europa">Europa</a> • <a href="/wiki/Sjabloon:Lande_van_Noord-Amerika" title="Sjabloon:Lande van Noord-Amerika">Noord-Amerika</a> • <a href="/wiki/Sjabloon:Lande_van_Oseani%C3%AB" title="Sjabloon:Lande van Oseanië">Oseanië</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Normdata_frameless_&#124;text-top_&#124;10px_&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata_&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q419&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th id="Normdata_frameless_&#124;text-top_&#124;10px_&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata_&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q419&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Hulp:Normdata" title="Hulp:Normdata">Normdata</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q419" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/10px-Blue_pencil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/15px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/20px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Biblioteca_Nacional_de_Chile&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Biblioteca Nacional de Chile (bladsy bestaan nie)">BNC</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bncatalogo.cl/F?func=direct&local_base=red10&doc_number=000013220">000013220</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Biblioteca_Nacional_de_Espa%C3%B1a" class="mw-redirect" title="Biblioteca Nacional de España">BNE</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://catalogo.bne.es/uhtbin/authoritybrowse.cgi?action=display&authority_id=XX4575398">XX4575398</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Biblioth%C3%A8que_nationale_de_France" title="Bibliothèque nationale de France">BNF</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb11865316b">cb11865316b</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb11865316b">(data)</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/CiNii" title="CiNii">CiNii</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ci.nii.ac.jp/author/DA03138194?l=en">DA03138194</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Gemeinsame_Normdatei" title="Gemeinsame Normdatei">GND</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/4045312-1">4045312-1</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Historical_Dictionary_of_Switzerland" class="mw-redirect" title="Historical Dictionary of Switzerland">HDS</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hls-dhs-dss.ch/fr/articles/003398">003398</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Name_Identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Name Identifier">ISNI</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://isni.org/isni/000000012290392X">0000 0001 2290 392X</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=KulturNav&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="KulturNav (bladsy bestaan nie)">KulturNav</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://kulturnav.org/42f0b683-6034-4a55-ae8e-35d0a65b8e4f">42f0b683-6034-4a55-ae8e-35d0a65b8e4f</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Library_of_Congress_Control_Number" title="Library of Congress Control Number">LCCN</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/names/n79055130">n79055130</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/MusicBrainz" title="MusicBrainz">MusicBrainz</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://musicbrainz.org/area/719f6082-95c7-3dd5-9503-e143010a6cc1">719f6082-95c7-3dd5-9503-e143010a6cc1</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/National_Archives_and_Records_Administration" title="National Archives and Records Administration">NARA</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalog.archives.gov/id/10035732">10035732</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=National_Central_Library&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="National Central Library (bladsy bestaan nie)">NCL</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://aleweb.ncl.edu.tw/F/?func=accref&acc_sequence=003527258&CON_LNG=ENG">003527258</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/National_Diet_Library" class="mw-redirect" title="National Diet Library">NDL</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.ndl.go.jp/auth/ndlna/00569096">00569096</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=National_Gallery_of_Victoria&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="National Gallery of Victoria (bladsy bestaan nie)">NGV</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ngv.vic.gov.au/explore/collection/artist/25927/">25927</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/National_Library_of_the_Czech_Republic" class="mw-redirect" title="National Library of the Czech Republic">NKC</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=ge130394&CON_LNG=ENG">ge130394</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/National_Library_of_Australia" class="mw-redirect" title="National Library of Australia">NLA</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nla.gov.au/anbd.aut-an35418389">35418389</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/National_Library_of_Israel" class="mw-redirect" title="National Library of Israel">NLI</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://uli.nli.org.il/F/?func=direct&doc_number=000975401&local_base=nlx10">000975401</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="error">The NLP id a0000001017332 is not valid.</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/National_and_University_Library_in_Zagreb" class="mw-redirect" title="National and University Library in Zagreb">NSK</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://katalog.nsk.hr/F/?func=direct&doc_number=000238150&local_base=nsk10">000238150</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/RERO_(Library_Network_of_Western_Switzerland)" class="mw-redirect" title="RERO (Library Network of Western Switzerland)">RERO</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://data.rero.ch/02-A000129557">02-A000129557</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="error">The SBN id UFIV005504 is not valid.</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/SNAC" title="SNAC">SNAC</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://snaccooperative.org/ark:/99166/w6b9071c">w6b9071c</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Syst%C3%A8me_universitaire_de_documentation" title="Système universitaire de documentation">SUDOC</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/026398206">026398206</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Trove" title="Trove">Trove</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://trove.nla.gov.au/people/945797">945797</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Virtual_International_Authority_File" title="Virtual International Authority File">VIAF</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/159434034">159434034</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/WorldCat" title="WorldCat">WorldCat Identities</a> (via VIAF): <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/identities/containsVIAFID/159434034">159434034</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Ontsluit van "<a dir="ltr" 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