CINXE.COM
Just a moment...
<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en-US"><head><title>Just a moment...</title><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"><meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=Edge"><meta name="robots" content="noindex,nofollow"><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><style>*{box-sizing:border-box;margin:0;padding:0}html{line-height:1.15;-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%;color:#313131;font-family:system-ui,-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,Segoe UI,Roboto,Helvetica Neue,Arial,Noto Sans,sans-serif,Apple Color Emoji,Segoe UI Emoji,Segoe UI Symbol,Noto Color Emoji}body{display:flex;flex-direction:column;height:100vh;min-height:100vh}.main-content{margin:8rem auto;max-width:60rem;padding-left:1.5rem}@media (width <= 720px){.main-content{margin-top:4rem}}.h2{font-size:1.5rem;font-weight:500;line-height:2.25rem}@media (width <= 720px){.h2{font-size:1.25rem;line-height:1.5rem}}#challenge-error-text{background-image:url(data:image/svg+xml;base64,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);background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:contain;padding-left:34px}@media (prefers-color-scheme:dark){body{background-color:#222;color:#d9d9d9}}</style><meta http-equiv="refresh" content="120"></head><body class="no-js"><div class="main-wrapper" role="main"><div class="main-content"><noscript><div class="h2"><span id="challenge-error-text">Enable JavaScript and cookies to continue</span></div></noscript></div></div><script>(function(){window._cf_chl_opt={cvId: '3',cZone: "publications.waset.org",cType: 'non-interactive',cRay: '913508d82c04fd83',cH: '51czumvtDcd6NTvVeIbt2IymXnzm9AaYZwSLoaCeU_Y-1739787518-1.2.1.1-ey5ec6snjPrWn2bWgtB6Gpk0SEN9Kq_WBx1HoGxlYGpnOJpEwz2tGJkynPZWU7bc',cUPMDTk: "\/abstracts\/search?q=ant%20lion%20optimization&__cf_chl_tk=ZiuISB.OIlatHjFP8wY2bWyRzI4DcN1l6Tew8IF80pw-1739787518-1.0.1.1-0tZyvJHp97mmA01Ud10LI1mO1GWoYhfnSLxvCHOdkvw",cFPWv: 'b',cITimeS: '1739787518',cTTimeMs: '1000',cMTimeMs: '120000',cTplC: 0,cTplV: 5,cTplB: 'cf',cK: "",fa: "\/abstracts\/search?q=ant%20lion%20optimization&__cf_chl_f_tk=ZiuISB.OIlatHjFP8wY2bWyRzI4DcN1l6Tew8IF80pw-1739787518-1.0.1.1-0tZyvJHp97mmA01Ud10LI1mO1GWoYhfnSLxvCHOdkvw",md: "g1BAML7gAG56K0Fx6UIEQxRU4JPQn3Ps7flt1XdJ6Us-1739787518-1.2.1.1-fFLXJiVu5vukw3eefkj0OijwOl.fW4bQ_Px8oZnezhR0eI9tOFfn3OcgK2Bfnstd4G63StdtFJ40jGcGk0fJEvi2refTdXZZu9_VJkPylR5sRid1hJDX2GxW_9PJYmawd8grqL8ApONAvw55xTXQSk3nt5yWygqDUTOSlBQyyZOxb6uk1_KPcas5zOcyAn7azUHxM6TY5D87uJwNVd90T56IArK_xsLP6EePIg51Ha.AakN6Y.bZlv5t.cDIcZabLeCBM2Oq6PeHAVmwQLt31yxskyQdo5OBf60y8CboBtMNpq9YlAnblZqjtWjC2cU9Do33eq9_r1Pt3RhxADCamdPE3qFhr6DRlVVQ4_.7l39b8.f75w9yftQyLy0VkrbbbWEkjQLlzQht62MjvsdwVP715jtYaJ8dCJLYPKapFNVIHz0eZD7Q.59TXhxdHKteEAvswo_LqkredZyzgoCik449b1RzX38V53kwgE5qqie.0_2JsO9u.gmqLQ7LqSctGHzgGTinOUhI58_ibyUGOEi76NIahGSEiBhKpskX2_UTQtIuoO.s_bFf2KWtjg9kTQhadS6Q5r.7Weo2b6ev.tRza7Ki0TFNgMMyIdKIKUXNle7F3mk5Mj6n8wsZvfyZ_AdLSkigVbucKOtdQ8UtUAQjECX8BhE9Wa97FosYscNNGnZ_e1IwSgoQc0Km._zvFfyNPCzZhONpfcvt.wffYpe44Q8dv.VNSZC708y9Zra88f6XSh.w.BBD9LE6F3nC.14IGQ28cxb59VCmI98fF22aFdFHNo2Tn9QpTrbyvImo2__MBvwpFUq4UY9lPQFsU2OyoKqX4xA9RnxOaGWRwhQBmvOpcrpRuVvM5yVxNJDIvccPf1DyzhVLjg6VW0IolmY1HEtr67uKsMB2sR89JM9jUPR3faVuE4N2PHvDiAfv2oDufRee.qj.XklcBpd7n3YUWkmwvwF4mkKxXzaCuM13lrkPfYHzcXykHpiep.HnPAhZ3gnr_gn5RnjOsptbtEEGB2lfdG3Mm_DiDbN56hs9IdorunwA.X8sj6eUrFTjFUw0NtUc6Ng9UOHBoTP2OzZt7FXE.2ZUVrzx2nWxadJI_rHbUwD0Xz10gthml9k.boIGKkRGeXsXOorSyM05v8RcoTqPsbuhUfdATI_D9nQipA.hePRB8MQtWB2lsR5Ol4jsdsiX2YRvc7IE6CopWdKmRAtbNGkUmwwqBH6TX8BHeTQ8dsbg5.aQgJmAdOvoMIXXfDFhsRU1fB9hL4pSxM08h2Oh2TuKgaiFtGPgd8f0MrgpzWzj2cqWVLhAwDqrFYqv8uVJvOSDk7OiiHO7QU7KnndsfhPRtIsdCA6HLreEwxdrRzLP6xdKwUZeudeU01DYA.jB99zMJ2fK0BWG5GX9zK_oU1YYmK2nEE2dVf_LAIvBl3Qql1ma_26yVrl9tH3eW4K8G7jcWbYuuAdpBcVDzU24jzRk92.ZKqXmfKk_dBFDloZFlzjs9RfryQRWOMwJ48YXUN0OofKzXsFrlwq51trq.HrqrX_Q.b_bT8eIieNJXZYDKIIlY.vW3mTCN3SHxSFPDJbwE_BHYiQ7muO6DVUyS9bn53JkEb1kdR2TZq2Q5WRVvxdn6P8JQvL1ssU6P68Qp.wL89RG77MY50z_6iCxbSWY3chgVd0Ax8P4EI0Xa_8JP4jy84xbI3SCrpzBtfd4HTLTsTZpXx1RXI_is9sNVEfKMuZCiFqiunhxTtHTbI1ZEhcne.dTb_Cwkgq6CFe3PFDneBpPNsJAlPHiraVOsEVKzuNw0f2cH8VYbKnWLK8un8smtaCTMfjY89FB1NpMqkhv2XDNfc2U2ciP1cADI6jybBnjbA5G.2lrSMj22SIEr7sM2zxZUCNxTRbE.zVHDhnEgkOxaFTvMX8DZL756bq_KmOlXScLjZgTMLIu2fIgHgjRGluVBUQatqsHIbsTIJJTt8TM58G4",mdrd: "zkx9_XhcrfMTrneRzRiL2J5.K.KAnNjuDe0PbAimvaQ-1739787518-1.2.1.1-uFfj3S4ueD_rNggohb4.DRUiVlP5.JD40z4gl5kKgFUIR9WBCi4RoaxPFU853Ghbu1kBbdFVs.LOJF4bcTyl4TExUxZvJAyMmo_FkQgsJiwJ5NMDGcgLq1wRe9VICkLrQhebZ_G2apuuxPMOUoRqNzVbfZFK15.99RemG8ScRIX9SOgzCPO6pqlJ.VffeJHextoPqruUtg76C2fvUkp2ADaP_TRqHLQDx9yxLagGFdGPRxJVyMvqEAyl2yjs0ZuNcWA16xI1A7c505Kreo5q7eZ2Rfq425tTNSGFXoS6Ep6HdKt.ZEp0KAzRd4l8k7atQH4ktFDpsYko9PozjzHk2Da4R_vv2zBP.asejqavQiDuRbk57oRTi5ZJegkacqpmJArrIUkz8GctMOZVwW2aa4NNlKu86DdTFSMpZAp69PietQs7H5kSUoVLBBg5LPVudak6j1yswv4J4MEoZ_7peQQJBkxYQ3Jgmnp63LHm2IvkK3fYydwdzcpVpcsM1Df2ozcCccQkFCPy9zFnDKe93wGk1ROQsW7_0NnwKRR15VxgrzVm2QBGJSNsqno8kqc7KtHKv5zeFNm8R_YZKR4I1Q1UdXR5KVC7TP4fRRJrq8Av.FZOKBLN_t959G5AO19P5McI9AX0X5JQl5g70wKFiFuR3o5jnTl6Q.U8eLUIAqigGa.4uiWHY4gykbNLuIZ8qH3RKPc4sicqLnsuS9eMggQq4AjiQjRoHSsa4yWsP6rq9kFIuHfMOwQJi4di91G751aWYS6JGFzy8v8Q7JBN_1mgpp0v1O13q_np6OYCzyrFqzDz59Kp.AdG7JCHIJ1aM7COhZlceG3FYmjxDOwajF.0WMg72QvGDQSItNyT3KCICtd_x9N48K9tWFMMW3NJRH7ez8HW_.76v3p3f6T.P0FfpPCUmKg.IiQxo0s5AD70ouRf7lwwcIrw31KGlPdAIz_SBHw0ES5STqWioz8YOg66Eu73lB8EbtiUY5xQir8XSWU_NllTsUmMuTNvLYu66HCjFHFqzSryaZJUf0EgtImu5RHLmTfC_cgTOu_sTRJrmhnggxRpaLIWJjEJfgsUed_vmTLf0MxPmlXEwTRo3OiK8_vBpnThknXZh4H1Uw7Uu.0JsgBx.HnuNIWt7fGGSv8vNPAKu1Ii8PYtFjqP0dL1MNS8gKkMgF7J.uyJBv6mnV0YkoJhz8H_m5ZscruuxwZrh.IiQaqtDHmCWamxUeJUKKARBHZf3cCI.IFq8zXSKeU4x9TO8OYB7xOfxaSN..x0IX6Yyd0bJf8E_kQsq0o1nFMNV3g_h91Trz6HWWhr7F5LWeq1acHptMRu7vVi7Qi0MSmwTdT0yeHURkCfq0sw_keciEaucm1C3.Ri1763C8v.dh41AxDcPfnwwcx_nVSAmTa1kBZu00clet74_esPOyI8gn5T7FtxzjqiREbxDFkJn1KSMy0EWmLd7PlfP4Xs1BA0RQLGmABnoEYmxR5izNMFum9MmLvrczADgBETTxQTGk6xNo9gyla_514epQmn5Wo4D.vrrvDbAwuUIVjmqYHdOJhTITC74KmznO2MTE6Hy7C5dhHMFdc5O10c62a5bkxCJkw2L2n_BXlSJI0FqTaBy7cu2H8iTJW_kh2NWioiu4jVUjB6bgLNPSDp4JoL1Nyb6fBHCYe_gO9Q7Mot.bsX3nhHyHo6rz3Oej9EHAZIjGGr0a_wN2gV87U8JWd8h7QwUWQ099gKMwd.LSgSlLSGs9sQq5zl_RynZDpg0uaPrVD5EROXxnjdOPmX_nf9EUrz6USLhW9s9M64Ztb81y96NNeO.5t5Sf.ZkKtSD0wQRKcmWBpuiu9eG59b54kUXiWf7HTqnpYJEX1uHw0qLeV5mA814D29hFEybpc3vd_9UraiyKO3kK3g7egEhW8x7naNEKV8TZqrrp7ZxA830hHG0FzPnDOrMEDNcrHJ3A73q6CQAwqECmh.9a6B"};var cpo = document.createElement('script');cpo.src = '/cdn-cgi/challenge-platform/h/b/orchestrate/chl_page/v1?ray=913508d82c04fd83';window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash = location.hash === '' && location.href.indexOf('#') !== -1 ? '#' : location.hash;window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery = location.search === '' && location.href.slice(0, location.href.length - window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash.length).indexOf('?') !== -1 ? '?' : location.search;if (window.history && window.history.replaceState) {var ogU = location.pathname + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash;history.replaceState(null, null, "\/abstracts\/search?q=ant%20lion%20optimization&__cf_chl_rt_tk=ZiuISB.OIlatHjFP8wY2bWyRzI4DcN1l6Tew8IF80pw-1739787518-1.0.1.1-0tZyvJHp97mmA01Ud10LI1mO1GWoYhfnSLxvCHOdkvw" + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash);cpo.onload = function() {history.replaceState(null, null, ogU);}}document.getElementsByTagName('head')[0].appendChild(cpo);}());</script></body></html>