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<span>Design</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Design-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Testing" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Testing"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Testing</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Testing-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Aircraft_on_display" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Aircraft_on_display"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Aircraft on display</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Aircraft_on_display-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Operators" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Operators"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Operators</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Operators-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Specifications" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Specifications"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Specifications</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Specifications-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-References-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle References subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.1</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bibliography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.2</span> <span>Bibliography</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bibliography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item 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title="Short SC.1 – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Short SC.1" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%87%BC%ED%8A%B8_SC.1" title="쇼트 SC.1 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="쇼트 SC.1" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Short_S.C.1" title="Short S.C.1 – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Short S.C.1" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Short_SC.1" title="Short SC.1 – Tajik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" 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class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">British experimental VTOL aircraft</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output 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.ib-aircraft-caption-left .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-aircraft-caption-left .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-aircraft-caption-left .infobox-label{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .ib-aircraft .mergedbottomrow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-aircraft .mergedbottomrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-aircraft .mergedbottomrow .infobox-label{border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ib-aircraft .infobox-label{width:30%;padding-right:3px}.mw-parser-output .ib-aircraft .infobox-data{width:50%}}</style><table class="infobox ib-aircraft vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above">SC.1</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Short_SC.1_Farnborough_1958.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Short_SC.1_Farnborough_1958.jpg/300px-Short_SC.1_Farnborough_1958.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="140" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Short_SC.1_Farnborough_1958.jpg/450px-Short_SC.1_Farnborough_1958.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Short_SC.1_Farnborough_1958.jpg/600px-Short_SC.1_Farnborough_1958.jpg 2x" data-file-width="688" data-file-height="320" /></a></span> <div class="ib-aircraft-caption">Short SC.1 XG900 at Farnborough SBAC Show September 1958</div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">General information</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Type</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Experimental_aircraft" title="Experimental aircraft">Experimental aircraft</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">National origin</th><td class="infobox-data">United Kingdom</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Aerospace_manufacturer" title="Aerospace manufacturer">Manufacturer</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Short_Brothers" title="Short Brothers">Short Brothers</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Status</th><td class="infobox-data">Retired and preserved</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Primary user</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Royal_Aircraft_Establishment" title="Royal Aircraft Establishment">Royal Aircraft Establishment</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Number built</th><td class="infobox-data">2</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">History</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">First flight</th><td class="infobox-data">2 April 1957 (CTOL)<sup id="cite_ref-le_ch_1965_4_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-le_ch_1965_4-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br />26 May 1958 (VTOL)<sup id="cite_ref-le_ch_1965_4_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-le_ch_1965_4-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Retired</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/1971_in_aviation" title="1971 in aviation">1971</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The <b>Short SC.1</b> was the first British fixed-wing vertical take-off and landing (<a href="/wiki/VTOL" title="VTOL">VTOL</a>) <a href="/wiki/Jet_aircraft" title="Jet aircraft">jet aircraft</a>. It was developed by <a href="/wiki/Short_Brothers" title="Short Brothers">Short Brothers</a>. It was powered by an arrangement of five <a href="/wiki/Rolls-Royce_RB.108" title="Rolls-Royce RB.108">Rolls-Royce RB.108</a> <a href="/wiki/Turbojet" title="Turbojet">turbojets</a>, four of which were used for vertical flight and one for conventional horizontal flight. The SC.1 had the distinction of being the first British <a href="/wiki/Fixed-wing" class="mw-redirect" title="Fixed-wing">fixed-wing</a> VTOL aircraft and the first one to transition between vertical and horizontal flight modes; it was also the first VTOL-capable aircraft with a <a href="/wiki/Fly-by-wire" title="Fly-by-wire">fly-by-wire</a> control system. </p><p>The SC.1 was designed and produced in response to a <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Supply" title="Ministry of Supply">Ministry of Supply</a> (MoS) requirement for a suitable aircraft for conducting flight studies into VTOL flight, as well as specifically into the transition between vertical and horizontal flight. Two prototypes were used for flight testing between 1957 and 1971. Research data from the SC.1 test programme contributed to the development of the <a href="/wiki/Hawker_Siddeley_P.1127" title="Hawker Siddeley P.1127">Hawker Siddeley P.1127</a> and the subsequent <a href="/wiki/Hawker_Siddeley_Harrier" title="Hawker Siddeley Harrier">Hawker Siddeley Harrier</a>, the first operational VTOL aircraft. </p><p>In October 2012, the Short SC.1 received <a href="/wiki/Northern_Ireland" title="Northern Ireland">Northern Ireland</a>'s first Engineering Heritage Award as a recognition of its significant achievement in the engineering field.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Development">Development</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Short_SC.1&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Development"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>During the 1940s, various nations became interested in developing viable aircraft capable of <a href="/wiki/Vertical_take-off_and_landing" class="mw-redirect" title="Vertical take-off and landing">vertical take-offs and landings</a> (VTOL). During the 1950s, Britain had flight-tested the purpose-built <a href="/wiki/Rolls-Royce_Thrust_Measuring_Rig" title="Rolls-Royce Thrust Measuring Rig">Rolls-Royce Thrust Measuring Rig</a>, a crude but pioneering VTOL aircraft that successfully flew as envisioned, demonstrating the viability of the concept as well as providing useful data to build upon.<sup id="cite_ref-le_ch_1965_4_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-le_ch_1965_4-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, while the Thrust Measuring Rig had provided valuable insight for designing VTOL aircraft, such as the requirement for an auto-stabilisation system, it suffered from some deficiencies that undermined its value as a platform for further detailed research, such as control lag and a lack of aerodynamic surfaces. There was a need for an aircraft that would exploit the experience gained from the Thrust Measuring Rig, and to explore areas beyond its limited capability.<sup id="cite_ref-le_ch_1965_4_1-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-le_ch_1965_4-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The SC.1 has its origins in a submission by <a href="/wiki/Short_Brothers" title="Short Brothers">Short Brothers</a> to meet a <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Supply" title="Ministry of Supply">Ministry of Supply</a> (MoS) request for tender (ER.143T) for a vertical take-off research aircraft, which had been issued in September 1953. On 15 October 1954, the proposed design was accepted by the Ministry and a contract was promptly placed for two aircraft to meet <a href="/wiki/List_of_Air_Ministry_specifications" title="List of Air Ministry specifications">Specification ER.143D</a>. As envisioned, the aircraft was to be used for a series of flight tests to investigate its behaviour during the transition between vertical and horizontal flight modes, to determine the optimum and minimum level of assistance required from the auto-stabiliser during the transition process, to uncover likely operational issues, and to develop related support aids and equipment for the pilot to develop an all-weather approach and landing system.<sup id="cite_ref-le_ch_1965_4_1-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-le_ch_1965_4-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Short constructed two prototypes, designated <i>XG900</i> and <i>XG905</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-le_ch_1965_4_1-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-le_ch_1965_4-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Design">Design</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Short_SC.1&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Design"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Short_SC1_XG900.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Short_SC1_XG900.jpg/220px-Short_SC1_XG900.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Short_SC1_XG900.jpg/330px-Short_SC1_XG900.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Short_SC1_XG900.jpg/440px-Short_SC1_XG900.jpg 2x" data-file-width="850" data-file-height="568" /></a><figcaption>Short SC1 XG900 prototype at Yeovilton</figcaption></figure> <p>The Short SC.1 was a single-seat low wing tailless <a href="/wiki/Delta_wing" title="Delta wing">delta wing</a> aircraft of approximately 8,000 lb all-up weight (max. 7,700 lb for vertical flight).<sup id="cite_ref-le_ch_1965_5_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-le_ch_1965_5-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It was powered by four vertically-mounted, lightweight <a href="/wiki/Rolls-Royce_RB.108" title="Rolls-Royce RB.108">Rolls-Royce RB.108</a> lift engines that provided a total vertical thrust of 8,600 lb, along with a single RB.108 cruise engine in the rear of the aircraft to provide thrust for forward flight. The lift engines were mounted vertically in side-by-side pairs in a central bay so that their resultant thrust line passed close to the centre of gravity of the aircraft. These pairs of engines could be swivelled fore-and-aft to produce vectored thrust for acceleration/deceleration along the aircraft's longitudinal axis.<sup id="cite_ref-le_ch_1965_5_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-le_ch_1965_5-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Short_SC.1.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Short_SC.1.jpg/220px-Short_SC.1.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="137" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Short_SC.1.jpg/330px-Short_SC.1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Short_SC.1.jpg/440px-Short_SC.1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1377" data-file-height="858" /></a><figcaption><i>XG900</i> Short SC.1 at the <a href="/wiki/Society_of_British_Aerospace_Companies" title="Society of British Aerospace Companies">SBAC</a> <a href="/wiki/Farnborough_Air_Show" class="mw-redirect" title="Farnborough Air Show">show</a> in 1961, showing the oleo leg fairings and the lift engine automatic inlet louvres added in mid-1960</figcaption></figure> <p>During conventional flight, the lift engines would be shut down; before beginning the transition from horizontal to vertical flight, they would be started using compressed air from the single cruise engine. The compressed air provided the initial rotation of the engine but a pressure drop from intake to exhaust had to be present also as the compressed air alone was not adequate for reaching idle speed.<sup id="cite_ref-le_ch_1965_5_3-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-le_ch_1965_5-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Considerable wind-tunnel and flight development of the air intake was required because at the start of transition from horizontal flight vertically-mounted engines have to tolerate a crosswind equal to the forward flight speed without surging or excessive vibrations. The required uniformity of flow was achieved with the help of a set of 7 hinged gills which opened to a forward-facing position to direct air into a plenum which supplied the engines. The behaviour of a vertically-mounted RB.108 in terms of re-ingestion and ground erosion had been investigated with an installation representative of that intended for the SC.1 during ground operation in a Meteor at <a href="/wiki/Hucknall_Aerodrome" title="Hucknall Aerodrome">Hucknall Aerodrome</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Initially, a series of scuttles were fitted to the exit nozzles of the lift engines to maintain a low-pressure environment beneath the engines to ensure that the engine rotor would be "windmilling" in the correct direction prior to supplying the compressed air for starting; due to the effectiveness of intake and engine design changes, the scuttles became unnecessary.<sup id="cite_ref-le_ch_1965_5_6_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-le_ch_1965_5_6-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The cockpit layout was mainly conventional, but complicated by the large number of systems the pilot had to monitor.<sup id="cite_ref-le_ch_1965_5_3-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-le_ch_1965_5-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> For its role as a research aircraft it had comprehensive recording equipment.<sup id="cite_ref-le_ch_1965_10_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-le_ch_1965_10-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The common throttle lever for the four vertical lift engines was the only additional primary control in the cockpit; it was operated in a similar manner to that of the <a href="/wiki/Helicopter_flight_controls#Collective" title="Helicopter flight controls">Collective</a> pitch level of a rotorcraft. Two ways to control the attitude of the aircraft were required depending on its forward speed; aerodynamic surfaces were used during conventional flight, and air-jet nozzles for transitioning from horizontal flight, hovering and vertical flight. <a href="/wiki/Bleed_air" title="Bleed air">Bleed air</a> from the four lift engines (approximately 10 per cent of the intake airflow) was supplied to the variable nose, tail and wing tip nozzles, for <a href="/wiki/Pitch_(flight)" class="mw-redirect" title="Pitch (flight)">pitch</a>, roll and <a href="/wiki/Yaw_angle" class="mw-redirect" title="Yaw angle">yaw</a> control at low speeds during which there would be insufficient airflow over the aerodynamic surfaces for conventional controls to be effective.<sup id="cite_ref-Winchester_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Winchester-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-le_ch_1965_5_6_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-le_ch_1965_5_6-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The SC.1 was also equipped with the first "<a href="/wiki/Fly-by-wire" title="Fly-by-wire">fly-by-wire</a>" control system to be fitted to a VTOL aircraft.<sup id="cite_ref-le_ch_1965_6_7_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-le_ch_1965_6_7-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This electrically-signalled control system, which also comprised the auto-stabiliser, not only transferred signals from cockpit controls such as the position of the stick, but also monitored feedback signals from the servos to provide stability of the systems itself. A total of three modes of control for the aerodynamic surfaces and/or the nozzle controls were permitted by the system: </p> <ol><li>Aerodynamic surfaces and air-jet nozzles controlled electrically via three independent servo-motors (with "three-way parallel" or "triplex" fail-safe operation) in conjunction with three autostabilizer control systems ("full fly-by-wire")</li> <li>Hybrid-mode, in which the nozzles were controlled by servo/autostabilizer and the aerodynamic surfaces were linked directly to the manual controls</li> <li>Direct mode, in which all controls were linked to the control stick</li></ol> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Short_SC.1.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Short_SC.1.png/220px-Short_SC.1.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="123" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Short_SC.1.png/330px-Short_SC.1.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Short_SC.1.png/440px-Short_SC.1.png 2x" data-file-width="700" data-file-height="391" /></a><figcaption><i>XG900</i> Short SC.1 colour profile</figcaption></figure> <p>Modes 1 and 2 were selected on the ground; whenever the autostabilizer was in use, the pilot had an emergency override lever available with which to revert to direct control mode in flight.<sup id="cite_ref-le_ch_1965_7_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-le_ch_1965_7-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The outputs from the three control systems were compared and a "majority rule" enforced, ensuring that a failure in a single system was overridden by the other two (presumably correct) systems. Any failure in a "fly-by-wire" pathway was indicated to the pilot as a warning, which he could either choose to ignore or respond to by switching to direct (manual) control.<sup id="cite_ref-le_ch_1965_7_8_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-le_ch_1965_7_8-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In common with other VTOL aircraft, the Short SC.1 suffered from vertical thrust loss due to the <a href="/wiki/Ground_effect_(aircraft)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ground effect (aircraft)">ground effect</a>. Research into this performed on scale models suggested that for the SC.1 these losses would be between 15 per cent and 20 per cent at <a href="/wiki/Landing_gear" title="Landing gear">undercarriage</a> height.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Fuel tanks were located along the wing leading edges and in "bag" tanks fitted between the main wing spars.<sup id="cite_ref-Winchester_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Winchester-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The SC.1 was fitted with a <a href="/wiki/Tricycle_landing_gear" title="Tricycle landing gear">tricycle undercarriage</a> arrangement; while non-retracting, the landing gear could be set between two alternative positions, suited to either conventional and vertical landings.<sup id="cite_ref-le_ch_1965_5_3-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-le_ch_1965_5-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The fixed undercarriage legs were designed specifically for vertical flight; each leg carried a pair of heat-resistant castoring wheels, while the rear undercarriage was also fitted with disc brakes. Long-stroke oleos were used to cushion vertical landings.<sup id="cite_ref-Winchester_7-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Winchester-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-le_ch_1965_5_3-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-le_ch_1965_5-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The robust gear was able to withstand a descent rate of 18 ft (5.5m) per second.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Testing">Testing</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Short_SC.1&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Testing"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Short_SC1_58ii.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Short_SC1_58ii.jpg/220px-Short_SC1_58ii.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="139" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Short_SC1_58ii.jpg/330px-Short_SC1_58ii.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Short_SC1_58ii.jpg/440px-Short_SC1_58ii.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1384" data-file-height="872" /></a><figcaption>The first Short SC.1, <i>XG900</i>, at the 1958 <a href="/wiki/Society_of_British_Aerospace_Companies" title="Society of British Aerospace Companies">SBAC</a> show at <a href="/wiki/Farnborough_Airfield" class="mw-redirect" title="Farnborough Airfield">Farnborough</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Constructed at Short's <a href="/wiki/Belfast,_Northern_Ireland" class="mw-redirect" title="Belfast, Northern Ireland">Belfast</a> factory in <a href="/wiki/Northern_Ireland" title="Northern Ireland">Northern Ireland</a>, the first SC.1 prototype, <i>XG900</i>, first undertook initial engine runs at this facility. After being transported by sea to <a href="/wiki/England" title="England">England</a>, XG900, which was initially fitted only with the propulsion engine, was delivered to the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Aircraft_Establishment" title="Royal Aircraft Establishment">Royal Aircraft Establishment</a> (RAE) at <a href="/wiki/MoD_Boscombe_Down" class="mw-redirect" title="MoD Boscombe Down">Boscombe Down</a> to begin the flight test programme. On 2 April 1957, the prototype conducted the type's <a href="/wiki/Maiden_flight" title="Maiden flight">maiden flight</a>, which was also its first conventional <a href="/wiki/Takeoff" title="Takeoff">takeoff</a> and landing (CTOL) flight.<sup id="cite_ref-le_ch_1965_4_1-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-le_ch_1965_4-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Just over a year later, on 26 May 1958, the second prototype made the first tethered vertical flight.<sup id="cite_ref-le_ch_1965_4_1-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-le_ch_1965_4-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Initial flights of the type were performed while attached to a specially-devised <a href="/wiki/Gantry_crane" title="Gantry crane">gantry</a>, which accommodated only a limited amount of freedom, up to 15 ft vertically and 10 ft off-centre in any direction, vertical velocity was also restricted to less than 10 ft/second; progressive arresting of the aircraft occurred beyond these limitation.<sup id="cite_ref-le_ch_1965_8_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-le_ch_1965_8-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It would take off from a grid platform positioned 6 ft above the ground itself in order to circumvent the ground effect phenomenon; considerable effort on the part of Shorts had been made during development of a suitable platform to eliminate the negative impact of ground effect and was redesigned several times. The gantry facility was used for <i>ab initio</i> training and familiarisation purposes for the first 8 pilots to fly the SC.1.<sup id="cite_ref-le_ch_1965_8_9_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-le_ch_1965_8_9-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On 25 October of that year, the type performed the first 'free' vertical flight. On 6 April 1960, the first in-flight transition between vertical and horizontal flight was successfully conducted.<sup id="cite_ref-sci_mus_summ_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sci_mus_summ-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-imech_2012_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-imech_2012-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> While successful at transitioning between the two modes, the Short SC.1 had a reputation as being somewhat ungainly as an aircraft.<sup id="cite_ref-sci_mus_summ_15-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sci_mus_summ-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The SC.1 was publicly displayed at the <a href="/wiki/Farnborough_Airshow" class="mw-redirect" title="Farnborough Airshow">Farnborough Airshow</a> in 1958 and 1960; it also appeared at the <a href="/wiki/Paris_Air_Show" title="Paris Air Show">Paris Air Show</a> in 1961, at which it performed a demonstration flight.<sup id="cite_ref-le_ch_1965_4_1-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-le_ch_1965_4-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On 2 October 1963, the second test aircraft crashed in Belfast, killing the pilot, J.R. Green; the cause was later determined to have been a control malfunction.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Following the accident, the aircraft was rebuilt and returned to flight for further testing, both continued flying until 1967.<sup id="cite_ref-sci_mus_summ_15-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sci_mus_summ-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> By 1965, a total of 14 different pilots had flown the type.<sup id="cite_ref-le_ch_1965_4_1-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-le_ch_1965_4-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>As a result of ground suitability tests, it was determined that conventional runway concrete, pavement, and even grass strips would be adequate for vertical takeoff and landing of the SC.1; however, debris that may be forced out from imperfect surfaces would pose a risk to personnel but not to the aircraft itself.<sup id="cite_ref-le_ch_1965_13_14_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-le_ch_1965_13_14-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The test programme also allowed experience upon the maintenance and serviceability of a VTOL aircraft to be acquired, even though these were not primary objectives of the design nor the research effort; throughout the programme, an overall average of 2.6 flights were performed per week. While numerous errors with the auto-stabiliser were reported during flights, no fault ever occurred that endangered the aircraft or had any effect upon its control.<sup id="cite_ref-le_ch_1965_14_17_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-le_ch_1965_14_17-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Testing found significant difficulty in measuring actual engine thrust, leading to further tests using improved intakes and instrumentation.<sup id="cite_ref-le_ch_1965_17_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-le_ch_1965_17-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ultimately, the engines proved to be far less problematic than might have been expected considering the experimental nature of the aircraft and its power-plants; and when faults occurred in the triplex auto-stabiliser they were easy to locate, in part due to the system's self-checking nature. According to a <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Aviation" title="Ministry of Aviation">Ministry of Aviation</a> report, the SC.1 was determined to have been an effective research vehicle when operated within the limits imposed by its small size and restricted capacity; however it was found that a larger aircraft would be necessary for more extensive tests of the instruments and guidance equipment.<sup id="cite_ref-le_ch_1965_17_20-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-le_ch_1965_17-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The SC.1 flew for over ten years, during which it provided a great deal of data that served to influence later design concepts such as the "puffer jet" controls on the <a href="/wiki/Hawker_Siddeley_P.1127" title="Hawker Siddeley P.1127">Hawker Siddeley P.1127</a>, the precursor of the <a href="/wiki/Hawker_Siddeley_Harrier" title="Hawker Siddeley Harrier">Hawker Siddeley Harrier</a>. The flight testing work relating to vertical takeoff and landing techniques and technologies also proved to be invaluable, and helped further Britain's lead in the field.<sup id="cite_ref-imech_2012_16-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-imech_2012-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Short SC.1 was ultimately rendered obsolete by the emerging Harrier which, amongst other things, proved that it was unnecessary to carry an additional four engines solely for the purposes of lift-off and landing.<sup id="cite_ref-sci_mus_summ_15-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sci_mus_summ-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Aircraft_on_display">Aircraft on display</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Short_SC.1&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Aircraft on display"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The first SC-1 (<i><a href="/wiki/Serial_number" title="Serial number">XG900</a></i>) became a part of the <a href="/wiki/Science_Museum_(London)" class="mw-redirect" title="Science Museum (London)">Science Museum</a>'s aircraft collection at <a href="/wiki/South_Kensington" title="South Kensington">South Kensington</a>, London.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It had been used until 1971 for VTOL research. </p><p>The second SC-1 (<i>XG905</i>) was also preserved and is on static display at the Flight Experience exhibit at the <a href="/wiki/Ulster_Folk_and_Transport_Museum" class="mw-redirect" title="Ulster Folk and Transport Museum">Ulster Folk and Transport Museum</a>, Cultra, <a href="/wiki/Northern_Ireland" title="Northern Ireland">Northern Ireland</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-imech_2012_16-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-imech_2012-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Operators">Operators</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Short_SC.1&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Operators"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <dl><dt><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a></dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Aircraft_Establishment" title="Royal Aircraft Establishment">Royal Aircraft Establishment</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Specifications">Specifications</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Short_SC.1&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Specifications"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Short_SC1_at_Yeovilton.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Short_SC1_at_Yeovilton.jpg/220px-Short_SC1_at_Yeovilton.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Short_SC1_at_Yeovilton.jpg/330px-Short_SC1_at_Yeovilton.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Short_SC1_at_Yeovilton.jpg/440px-Short_SC1_at_Yeovilton.jpg 2x" data-file-width="850" data-file-height="579" /></a><figcaption>Short SC1 XG900 at Yeovilton. Note the air intake at the base of the tail for the RB.108 cruise engine, as well as the grill above the centre fuselage bay housing the vertical lift engines</figcaption></figure> <p style="font-size: 90%; margin:0;"><i>Data from</i> <i>Shorts Aircraft since 1900</i>,<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <i>Ministry of Aviation</i><sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p><p><span style="font-size:120%"><b>General characteristics</b></span> </p><ul><li><b>Crew:</b> 1</li> <li><b>Length:</b> 25 ft 6 in (7.77 m)</li> <li><b>Wingspan:</b> 23 ft 6 in (7.16 m)</li> <li><b>Height:</b> 10 ft 8 in (3.25 m) <sup id="cite_ref-Janes_66_p168-9_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Janes_66_p168-9-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><b>Wing area:</b> 211.5 sq ft (19.65 m<sup>2</sup>)</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Aspect_ratio_(aeronautics)" title="Aspect ratio (aeronautics)">Aspect ratio</a>:</b> 2.61:1<sup id="cite_ref-Janes_66_p168-9_25-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Janes_66_p168-9-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Airfoil" title="Airfoil">Airfoil</a>:</b> NACA 0010<sup id="cite_ref-Janes_66_p168-9_25-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Janes_66_p168-9-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><b>Empty weight:</b> 6,260 lb (2,839 kg)</li> <li><b>Gross weight:</b> 7,700 lb (3,493 kg) (<a href="/wiki/VTOL" title="VTOL">VTOL</a> operations)</li> <li><b>Max takeoff weight:</b> 8,050 lb (3,651 kg) (<a href="/wiki/CTOL" title="CTOL">CTOL</a> operations)</li> <li><b>Powerplant:</b> 1 × <a href="/wiki/Rolls-Royce_RB.108" title="Rolls-Royce RB.108">Rolls-Royce RB.108</a> <a href="/wiki/Turbojet" title="Turbojet">turbojet</a>, 2,130 lbf (9.5 kN) thrust (forward flight)</li> <li><b>Powerplant:</b> 4 × Rolls-Royce RB.108 turbojets, 2,130 lbf (9.5 kN) thrust each (lift engines)</li></ul> <p><span style="font-size:120%"><b>Performance</b></span> </p> <ul><li><b>Maximum speed:</b> 246 mph (396 km/h, 214 kn)</li> <li><b>Range:</b> 150 mi (240 km, 130 nmi)</li> <li><b>Service ceiling:</b> 8,000 ft (2,400 m) <sup id="cite_ref-Janes_66_p168-9_25-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Janes_66_p168-9-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><b>Rate of climb:</b> 700 ft/min (3.6 m/s) <sup id="cite_ref-Janes_66_p168-9_25-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Janes_66_p168-9-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><b>Wing loading:</b> 38.1 lb/sq ft (186 kg/m<sup>2</sup>)</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Thrust-to-weight_ratio" title="Thrust-to-weight ratio">Thrust/weight</a>:</b> <br /> <ul><li>(CTOL): 0.265</li> <li>(VTOL): 1.11</li></ul></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Short_SC.1&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p> <b>Aircraft of comparable role, configuration, and era</b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rolls-Royce_Thrust_Measuring_Rig" title="Rolls-Royce Thrust Measuring Rig">Rolls-Royce Thrust Measuring Rig</a></li></ul> <p> <b>Related lists</b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_experimental_aircraft" title="List of experimental aircraft">List of experimental aircraft</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Short_SC.1&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Notes">Notes</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Short_SC.1&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-le_ch_1965_4-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-le_ch_1965_4_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-le_ch_1965_4_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-le_ch_1965_4_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-le_ch_1965_4_1-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-le_ch_1965_4_1-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-le_ch_1965_4_1-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-le_ch_1965_4_1-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-le_ch_1965_4_1-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-le_ch_1965_4_1-8"><sup><i><b>i</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-le_ch_1965_4_1-9"><sup><i><b>j</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Lean and Chinn 1965, p. 4.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-northern-ireland-19832414">"SC1 gets NI's first Engineering Heritage Award."</a> <i>BBC News</i>, 4 October 2012.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-le_ch_1965_5-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-le_ch_1965_5_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-le_ch_1965_5_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-le_ch_1965_5_3-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-le_ch_1965_5_3-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-le_ch_1965_5_3-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-le_ch_1965_5_3-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Lean and Chinn 1965, p. 5.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Rolls-Royce Aero Engines, Bill Gunston 1989, Patrick Stephens Limited, <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-85260-037-3" title="Special:BookSources/1-85260-037-3">1-85260-037-3</a>, p.157</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-le_ch_1965_5_6-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-le_ch_1965_5_6_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-le_ch_1965_5_6_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Lean and Chinn 1965, pp. 5–6.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-le_ch_1965_10-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-le_ch_1965_10_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Lean and Chinn 1965, p. 10.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Winchester-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Winchester_7-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Winchester_7-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Winchester_7-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Winchester 2005, p. 223.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-le_ch_1965_6_7-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-le_ch_1965_6_7_8-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Lean and Chinn 1965, pp. 6–7.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-le_ch_1965_7-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-le_ch_1965_7_9-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Lean and Chinn 1965, p. 7.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-le_ch_1965_7_8-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-le_ch_1965_7_8_10-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Lean and Chinn 1965, pp. 7–8.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Wyatt, L.A. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://naca.central.cranfield.ac.uk/reports/arc/rm/3313.pdf"><i>Tests on the Loss of Vertical Jet Thrust due to Ground Effect on Two Simple VTOL Planforms, with Particular Reference to the Short SC1 Aircraft (R & M No. 3313)</i>.</a> London: <a href="/wiki/HMSO" class="mw-redirect" title="HMSO">HMSO</a>. Retrieved: 12 December 2007.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Winchester 2005, p. 222.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-le_ch_1965_8-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-le_ch_1965_8_13-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Lean and Chinn 1965, p. 8.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-le_ch_1965_8_9-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-le_ch_1965_8_9_14-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Lean and Chinn 1965, pp. 8–9.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-sci_mus_summ-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-sci_mus_summ_15-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-sci_mus_summ_15-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-sci_mus_summ_15-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-sci_mus_summ_15-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://collection.sciencemuseum.org.uk/objects/co29704/short-sc1-experimental-vertical-take-off-aircraft-1956-aircraft-aeroplanes-vertical-take-off-and-landing-aircraft">"Short SC1 experimental vertical take-off aircraft, 1956."</a> <i>Science Museum</i>, Retrieved: 15 January 2017.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-imech_2012-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-imech_2012_16-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-imech_2012_16-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-imech_2012_16-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.imeche.org/news/news-article/12-10-05/Short_SC1_vertical_take-off_aircraft_receives_Northern_Ireland_s_first_Engineering_Heritage_Award.aspx">"Short SC1 vertical take-off aircraft receives Northern Ireland’s first Engineering Heritage Award."</a> <i>Institute of Mechanical Engineers</i>, 5 October 2012.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090618144718/http://www.testflyingmemorial.com/1946-70.htm">"Test Flying Memorial"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.testflyingmemorial.com/1946-70.htm">the original</a> on 18 June 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 October</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Test+Flying+Memorial&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.testflyingmemorial.com%2F1946-70.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShort+SC.1" class="Z3988"></span> Test Flying Memorial site of British test pilots and engineers who died while test-flying (1946–1970 page).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-le_ch_1965_13_14-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-le_ch_1965_13_14_18-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Lean and Chinn 1965, pp. 13–14.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-le_ch_1965_14_17-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-le_ch_1965_14_17_19-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Lean and Chinn 1965, pp. 14–17.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-le_ch_1965_17-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-le_ch_1965_17_20-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-le_ch_1965_17_20-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Lean and Chinn 1965, p. 17.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.makingthemodernworld.org.uk/icons_of_invention/technology/1939-1968/IC.069/">"Short SC 1 aircraft, 1957."</a> <i>makingthemodernworld.org.uk</i>, Retrieved: 15 January 2017.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nmni.com/uftm/Collections/Transport-(1)/Air">"Air."</a> <i>Ulster Folk and Transport Museum</i>, Retrieved: 15 January 2017.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Barnes and James 1989, p. 465.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Lean and Chinn 1965, pp. 4–8.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Janes_66_p168-9-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Janes_66_p168-9_25-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Janes_66_p168-9_25-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Janes_66_p168-9_25-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Janes_66_p168-9_25-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Janes_66_p168-9_25-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Taylor 1966, pp. 168–169.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Bibliography">Bibliography</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Short_SC.1&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Bibliography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Barnes, C. H. with revisions by Derek N. James. <i>Shorts Aircraft since 1900</i>. London: Putnam, 1989 (revised). <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-85177-819-4" title="Special:BookSources/0-85177-819-4">0-85177-819-4</a>.</li> <li>Buttler, Tony and Jean-Louis Delezenne. <i>X-Planes of Europe: Secret Research Aircraft from the Golden Age 1946-1974</i>. Manchester, UK: Hikoki Publications, 2012. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-902-10921-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-902-10921-3">978-1-902-10921-3</a></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCarbonel2022" class="citation journal cs1">Carbonel, Jean-Christophe (October 2022). "Aventures françaises en VTOL: French Testing of the Shorts SC.1, 1962". <i>The Aviation Historian</i> (41): 48–56. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/2051-1930">2051-1930</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Aviation+Historian&rft.atitle=Aventures+fran%C3%A7aises+en+VTOL%3A+French+Testing+of+the+Shorts+SC.1%2C+1962&rft.issue=41&rft.pages=48-56&rft.date=2022-10&rft.issn=2051-1930&rft.aulast=Carbonel&rft.aufirst=Jean-Christophe&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShort+SC.1" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li>Illingworth J. K. B. and Chinn H.W. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://naca.central.cranfield.ac.uk/reports/arc/rm/3584.pdf"><i>Variable Stability and Control Tests on the S.C.1 Aircraft in Jet-Borne Flight, with Particular Reference to Desirable VTOL Flying Qualities (R & M No, 3584)</i></a>. London: <a href="/wiki/HMSO" class="mw-redirect" title="HMSO">HMSO</a>, 1969. Retrieved: 11 December 2007.</li> <li>Jones, Barry. "Shorts' Early Risers". <i>Aeroplane Monthly</i>, May 1994, Vol 22 No 5, Issue No 253. London:IPC Magazines. pp. 12–19.</li> <li>Lean D. and Chinn H.W. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110716224717/http://aerade.cranfield.ac.uk/ara/arc/cp/0832.pdf"><i>Review of General Operating Experience with a Jet-Lift VTOL Research Aircraft (Short S.C.l.)</i></a> (Aeronautical Research Council Current Papers CP No. 832). London: HMSO, 1965. Retrieved: 2 December 2008.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_W._R._Taylor" title="John W. R. Taylor">Taylor, John W. R.</a> <i>Jane's All The World's Aircraft 1966–67</i>. London:Sampson Low, Marston & Company, 1966.</li> <li>Vickery, Adrian. <i>British Jet Aircraft</i>. Cambridge, UK: Patrick Stevens Limited,1982. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-85059-589-4" title="Special:BookSources/0-85059-589-4">0-85059-589-4</a>.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWarner2002" class="citation magazine cs1">Warner, Guy (July–August 2002). "From Bombay to Bombardier: Aircraft Production at Sydenham, Part One". <i><a href="/wiki/Air_Enthusiast" title="Air Enthusiast">Air Enthusiast</a></i>. No. 100. pp. 13–24. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0143-5450">0143-5450</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Air+Enthusiast&rft.atitle=From+Bombay+to+Bombardier%3A+Aircraft+Production+at+Sydenham%2C+Part+One&rft.issue=100&rft.pages=13-24&rft.date=2002-07%2F2002-08&rft.issn=0143-5450&rft.aulast=Warner&rft.aufirst=Guy&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShort+SC.1" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li>Winchester, Jim. <i>Concept Aircraft: Prototypes, X-Planes and Experimental Aircraft</i>. Rochester, UK: Grange Books, 2005. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-84013-809-2" title="Special:BookSources/1-84013-809-2">1-84013-809-2</a>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Short_SC.1&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output 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href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Short_SC.1" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Short SC.1">Short SC.1</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.flightglobal.com/pdfarchive/view/1959/1959%20-%200875.html">"Jet hovering under automatic control"</a> a 1959 advertisement in <i>Flight</i></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.flightglobal.com/pdfarchive/view/1961/1961%20-%201172.html">"Test-Bed for the SC.1"</a> a 1961 <i>Flight</i> article</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline 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title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Short_Brothers_aircraft" title="Template talk:Short Brothers aircraft"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Short_Brothers_aircraft" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Short Brothers aircraft"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Short_Brothers_aircraft" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Short_Brothers" title="Short Brothers">Short Brothers</a> aircraft</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Pre-1921</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Short_No.1_biplane" title="Short No.1 biplane">Biplane No.1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Short_Biplane_No._2" title="Short Biplane No. 2">Biplane No.2</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Short_No._3_biplane&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Short No. 3 biplane (page does not exist)">Biplane No.3</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Short-Wright_biplane&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Short-Wright biplane (page does not exist)">Short-Wright biplane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dunne_D.5" title="Dunne D.5">Dunne D.5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Short_S.27" title="Short S.27">Improved S.27</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Short_S.27#Short_Triple_Twin" title="Short S.27">Triple-Twin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Short_S.27#Short_Tandem_Twin" title="Short S.27">Tandem-Twin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Short_Triple_Tractor" title="Short Triple Tractor">Triple-Tractor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Short_Bomber" title="Short Bomber">Bomber</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Short_Sporting_Type" title="Short Sporting Type">Sporting Type</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Short_Silver_Streak" title="Short Silver Streak">Silver Streak</a></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Early 'S'<br />sequence:</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Short_S.27" title="Short S.27">S.26</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Short_S.27" title="Short S.27">S.27</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Short_S.27" title="Short S.27">S.28</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Short_S.27" title="Short S.27">S.29</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Short_S.27" title="Short S.27">S.32</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Short_S.27" title="Short S.27">S.33</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Short_S.27" title="Short S.27">S.34</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Short_S.27" title="Short S.27">S.35</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Short_S.36" title="Short S.36">S.36</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Short_S.38" title="Short S.38">S.38</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Short_S.27" title="Short S.27">S.39</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Short_S.41" title="Short S.41">S.41</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Short_S.27" title="Short S.27">S.43</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Short_S.27" title="Short S.27">S.44</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Short_S.36" title="Short S.36">S.45</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Short_S.45" title="Short S.45">S.48</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Short_S.45" title="Short S.45">S.49</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Short_S.45" title="Short S.45">S.50</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Short_S.41" title="Short S.41">S.51</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Short_S.41" title="Short S.41">S.52</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Short_S.41" title="Short S.41">S.53</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Short_S.38" title="Short S.38">S.62</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Short_S.80" title="Short S.80">S.80</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Short_S.81" title="Short S.81">S.81</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">'N' sequence:</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Short_Shirl" title="Short Shirl">N.1B</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Short_N.2A&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Short N.2A (page does not exist)">N.2A</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Short_N.2B" title="Short N.2B">N.2B</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Short_Cromarty" title="Short Cromarty">N.3</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Admiralty Types:</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Short_S.27#Short_Triple_Twin" title="Short S.27">3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Short_S.41#Variants" title="Short S.41">42</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Short_Admiralty_Type_74" title="Short Admiralty Type 74">74</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Short_Admiralty_Type_81" title="Short Admiralty Type 81">81</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Short_Admiralty_Type_166" title="Short Admiralty Type 166">135</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Short_Type_827" title="Short Type 827">136</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Short_Admiralty_Type_166" title="Short Admiralty Type 166">166</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Short_Type_184" title="Short Type 184">184</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Short_Type_827" title="Short Type 827">301</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Short_Type_320" title="Short Type 320">310</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Short_Type_320" title="Short Type 320">320</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Short_Type_827" title="Short Type 827">827</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Short_Type_827" title="Short Type 827">830</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Post-1921<br />sequence</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Short_Cockle" title="Short Cockle">S.1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Felixstowe_F.5" title="Felixstowe F.5">S.2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Short_Springbok" title="Short Springbok">S.3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Short_Satellite" title="Short Satellite">S.4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Short_Singapore" title="Short Singapore">S.5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Short_S.6_Sturgeon" title="Short S.6 Sturgeon">S.6</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Short_Mussel" title="Short Mussel">S.7</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Short_S.8_Calcutta" title="Short S.8 Calcutta">S.8</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Short_Rangoon" title="Short Rangoon">S.8/8</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Short_Gurnard" title="Short Gurnard">S.10</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Short_Valetta" title="Short Valetta">S.11</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Short_Singapore" title="Short Singapore">S.12</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Short_Sarafand" title="Short Sarafand">S.14</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kawanishi_H3K" title="Kawanishi H3K">S.15</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Short_Scion" title="Short Scion">S.16</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Short_Kent" title="Short Kent">S.17</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Short_Scylla" title="Short Scylla">L.17</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Short_Knuckleduster" title="Short Knuckleduster">S.18</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Short_Singapore" title="Short Singapore">S.19</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Short_Mayo_Composite" title="Short Mayo Composite">S.20</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Short_Mayo_Composite" title="Short Mayo Composite">S.21</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Short_Scion_Senior" title="Short Scion Senior">S.22</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Short_Empire" title="Short Empire">S.23</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Short_S.23/37&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Short S.23/37 (page does not exist)">S.24</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Short_Sunderland" title="Short Sunderland">S.25</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Short_S.26" title="Short S.26">S.26</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Short_S.27" title="Short S.27">S.27</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Short_S.28&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Short S.28 (page does not exist)">S.28</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Short_Stirling" title="Short Stirling">S.29</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Short_Empire" title="Short Empire">S.30</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Short_Stirling" title="Short Stirling">S.31</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Short_S.32" title="Short S.32">S.32</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Short_Empire" title="Short Empire">S.33</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Short_B.1/39&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Short B.1/39 (page does not exist)">S.34</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Short_Shetland" title="Short Shetland">S.35</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Short_Stirling" title="Short Stirling">S.36</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Short_Stirling" title="Short Stirling">S.37</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Short_Sturgeon" title="Short Sturgeon">S.38</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Short_Sturgeon" title="Short Sturgeon">S.39</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Short_Shetland" title="Short Shetland">S.40</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Short_N.7/46&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Short N.7/46 (page does not exist)">S.41</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Short_Sperrin" title="Short Sperrin">S.42</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Short_SA.5&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Short SA.5 (page does not exist)">S.43</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Short_Sealand" title="Short Sealand">S.44</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Short_Seaford" title="Short Seaford">S.45 (I)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Short_Solent" title="Short Solent">S.45 (II)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Short_S.46&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Short S.46 (page does not exist)">S.46</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Short_S.47&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Short S.47 (page does not exist)">S.47</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Short_X.30/46&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Short X.30/46 (page does not exist)">S.48</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Short_Tucano" title="Short Tucano">S.312</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Society_of_British_Aerospace_Companies#SBAC_aircraft_designations" title="Society of British Aerospace Companies">S.B.A.C</a><br />sequence</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Short_Sturgeon" title="Short Sturgeon">SA.1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Short_Sturgeon" title="Short Sturgeon">SA.2</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Short_N.7/46&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Short N.7/46 (page does not exist)">SA.3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Short_Sperrin" title="Short Sperrin">SA.4</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Short_SA.5&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Short SA.5 (page does not exist)">SA.5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Short_Sealand" title="Short Sealand">SA.6</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Short_S.46&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Short S.46 (page does not exist)">SA.7</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Short_S.47&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Short S.47 (page does not exist)">SA.8</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Short_X.30/46&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Short X.30/46 (page does not exist)">SA.9</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Short_SB.1" title="Short SB.1">SB.1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Short_Sealand" title="Short Sealand">SB.2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Short_Sturgeon" title="Short Sturgeon">SB.3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Short_SB.4_Sherpa" title="Short SB.4 Sherpa">SB.4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Short_SB.5" title="Short SB.5">SB.5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Short_Seamew" title="Short Seamew">SB.6</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Short_Sealand" title="Short Sealand">SB.7</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Short_SB.8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Short SB.8 (page does not exist)">SB.8</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Short_Sturgeon" title="Short Sturgeon">SB.9</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">SC.1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Short_Seamew" title="Short Seamew">SC.2</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Short_P.D.16&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Short P.D.16 (page does not exist)">SC.3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/English_Electric_Canberra" title="English Electric Canberra">SC.4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Short_Belfast" title="Short Belfast">SC.5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/English_Electric_Canberra" title="English Electric Canberra">SC.6</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Short_SC.7_Skyvan" title="Short SC.7 Skyvan">SC.7</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">SC.8</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/English_Electric_Canberra" title="English Electric Canberra">SC.9</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/English_Electric_Canberra" title="English Electric Canberra">SD.1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beechcraft_AQM-37_Jayhawk" title="Beechcraft AQM-37 Jayhawk">SD.2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Short_330" title="Short 330">SD.3-30/330</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Short_360" title="Short 360">SD.3-60/360</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Names</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Short_Belfast" title="Short Belfast">Belfast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Short_Bomber" title="Short Bomber">Bomber</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Short_Empire" title="Short Empire">'C-Class'</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Short_S.8_Calcutta" title="Short S.8 Calcutta">Calcutta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Short_Springbok" title="Short Springbok">Chamois</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Short_Cockle" title="Short Cockle">Cockle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Short_Cromarty" title="Short Cromarty">Cromarty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Short_Crusader" title="Short Crusader">Crusader</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Short_Empire" title="Short Empire">Empire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Short_Folder" title="Short Folder">'Folder'</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Short_S.26" title="Short S.26">'G-Class'</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gnosspelius_Gull" title="Gnosspelius Gull">Gnosspelius Gull</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Short_Gurnard" title="Short Gurnard">Gurnard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Short_Kent" title="Short Kent">Kent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Short_Knuckleduster" title="Short Knuckleduster">Knuckleduster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Short_Mayo_Composite" title="Short Mayo Composite">Mercury</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Short_Mayo_Composite" title="Short Mayo Composite">Maia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Short_Mussel" title="Short Mussel">Mussel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Short_Nimbus" title="Short Nimbus">Nimbus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Short_Rangoon" title="Short Rangoon">Rangoon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Short_Sandringham" title="Short Sandringham">Sandringham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Short_Sarafand" title="Short Sarafand">Sarafand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Short_Satellite" title="Short Satellite">Satellite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Short_Scion" title="Short Scion">Scion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Short_Scion_Senior" title="Short Scion Senior">Scion Senior</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Short_Scylla" title="Short Scylla">Scylla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Short_Seaford" title="Short Seaford">Seaford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Short_Sealand" title="Short Sealand">Sealand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Short_Seamew" title="Short Seamew">Seamew</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Short_Shirl" title="Short Shirl">'Shamrock'</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Short_SB.4_Sherpa" title="Short SB.4 Sherpa">Sherpa (SB.4)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Short_C-23_Sherpa" title="Short C-23 Sherpa">Sherpa (C-23)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Short_Shetland" title="Short Shetland">Shetland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Short_Shirl" title="Short Shirl">Shirl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Short_Sporting_Type" title="Short Sporting Type">'Shrimp'</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Short_Silver_Streak" title="Short Silver Streak">Silver Streak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Short_Singapore" title="Short Singapore">Singapore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Short_SC.7_Skyvan" title="Short SC.7 Skyvan">Skyvan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Short_Solent" title="Short Solent">Solent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Short_Sperrin" title="Short Sperrin">Sperrin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Short_Sporting_Type" title="Short Sporting Type">Sporting Type</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Short_Springbok" title="Short Springbok">Springbok</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Short_Stirling" title="Short Stirling">Stirling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Short_S.6_Sturgeon" title="Short S.6 Sturgeon">Sturgeon (I)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Short_Sturgeon" title="Short Sturgeon">Sturgeon (II)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Short_Sunderland" title="Short Sunderland">Sunderland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Short_S.27#Short_Tandem_Twin" title="Short S.27">Tandem-Twin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Short_Triple_Tractor" title="Short Triple Tractor">Triple-Tractor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Short_S.27#Short_Triple_Twin" title="Short S.27">Triple-Twin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Short_Tucano" title="Short Tucano">Tucano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Short_Valetta" title="Short Valetta">Valetta</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">By type</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Airships:</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/R31-class_airship" title="R31-class airship"><i>R31</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/R31-class_airship" title="R31-class airship"><i>R32</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/R38-class_airship" title="R38-class airship"><i>R38</i></a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Bombers:</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Short_Bomber" title="Short Bomber">Bomber</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Short_Seamew" title="Short Seamew">Seamew</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Short_Shirl" title="Short Shirl">Shirl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Short_Sperrin" title="Short Sperrin">Sperrin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Short_Stirling" title="Short Stirling">Stirling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Short_Sturgeon" title="Short Sturgeon">Sturgeon</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Experimental:</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Short_Stirling" title="Short Stirling">M4 scale Stirling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gnosspelius_Gull" title="Gnosspelius Gull">Gnosspelius Gull</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Short_SB.1" title="Short SB.1">SB.1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Short_SB.4_Sherpa" title="Short SB.4 Sherpa">SB.4 Sherpa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Short_SB.5" title="Short SB.5">SB.5</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">SC.1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/English_Electric_Canberra" title="English Electric Canberra">SC.9</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Short_Silver_Streak" title="Short Silver Streak">Silver Streak</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Fighters:</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Short_Gurnard" title="Short Gurnard">Gurnard</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Gliders:</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Short_Nimbus" title="Short Nimbus">Nimbus</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Racers:</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Short_Crusader" title="Short Crusader">Crusader</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Maritime patrol &<br />reconnaissance:</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Short_Empire" title="Short Empire">Empire/'C-Class'</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Short_S.26" title="Short S.26">'G-Class'</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Short_Singapore" title="Short Singapore">Singapore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Short_Rangoon" title="Short Rangoon">Rangoon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Short_Sarafand" title="Short Sarafand">Sarafand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Short_Shetland" title="Short Shetland">Shetland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Short_Springbok" title="Short Springbok">Springbok</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Short_S.6_Sturgeon" title="Short S.6 Sturgeon">Sturgeon (I)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Short_Sturgeon" title="Short Sturgeon">Sturgeon (II)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Short_Sunderland" title="Short Sunderland">Sunderland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Short_Seaford" title="Short Seaford">Seaford</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Trainers:</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Short_S.27" title="Short S.27">S.27</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Short_S.27" title="Short S.27">Improved S.27</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Short_S.38" title="Short S.38">S.38</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Short_Sturgeon" title="Short Sturgeon">Sturgeon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Short_Tucano" title="Short Tucano">Tucano</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Transports<br />& airliners:</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Short_330" title="Short 330">330</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Short_360" title="Short 360">360</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Short_Belfast" title="Short Belfast">Belfast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Short_Empire" title="Short Empire">Short Empire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Short_S.26" title="Short S.26">G-Class</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Short_Sunderland#Post-war_civilian_use" title="Short Sunderland">Hythe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Short_Kent" title="Short Kent">Kent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Short_Mayo_Composite" title="Short Mayo Composite">Short-Mayo Composite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Short_Sandringham" title="Short Sandringham">Sandringham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Short_Scion" title="Short Scion">Scion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Short_Scion_Senior" title="Short Scion Senior">Scion Senior</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Short_Scylla" title="Short Scylla">Scylla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Short_Sealand" title="Short Sealand">Sealand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Short_Shetland" title="Short Shetland">Shetland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Short_Solent" title="Short Solent">Solent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Short_C-23_Sherpa" title="Short C-23 Sherpa">Sherpa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Short_SC.7_Skyvan" title="Short SC.7 Skyvan">Skyvan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Short_Valetta" title="Short Valetta">Valetta</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Under licence</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bristol_Britannia" title="Bristol Britannia">Bristol Britannia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/English_Electric_Canberra" title="English Electric Canberra">English Electric Canberra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Felixstowe_F.3" title="Felixstowe F.3">Felixstowe F.3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Felixstowe_F.5" title="Felixstowe F.5">Felixstowe F.5</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Short_SC.1&oldid=1245116672">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Short_SC.1&oldid=1245116672</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" 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