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Femicide in the Western Balkans - European Forum for Democracy and Solidarity
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category-bosnia-and-herzegovina category-kosovo category-montenegro category-north-macedonia category-serbia" data-elementor-post-type="elementor_library"> <section class="elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-2d3525f elementor-section-height-min-height elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-items-middle" data-id="2d3525f" data-element_type="section" data-settings="{"background_background":"classic"}"> <div data-rocket-location-hash="d6ffef6da7b7986c03fc999cc8f85cb1" class="elementor-background-overlay"></div> <div data-rocket-location-hash="97c4beeda535457bbe628aa457eec642" class="elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default"> <div class="elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-098ebc1" data-id="098ebc1" data-element_type="column"> <div class="elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated"> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-f207ea0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-theme-post-title elementor-page-title elementor-widget-heading" data-id="f207ea0" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="theme-post-title.default"> <div class="elementor-widget-container"> <h1 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">Femicide in the Western Balkans</h1> </div> </div> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-29784458 elementor-align-center elementor-widget__width-inherit elementor-invisible elementor-widget elementor-widget-post-info" data-id="29784458" data-element_type="widget" data-settings="{"_animation":"fadeInDown"}" data-widget_type="post-info.default"> <div class="elementor-widget-container"> <ul class="elementor-inline-items elementor-icon-list-items elementor-post-info"> <li class="elementor-icon-list-item elementor-repeater-item-94ce3c6 elementor-inline-item" itemprop="datePublished"> <a href="https://europeanforum.net/2023/08/14/"> <span class="elementor-icon-list-text elementor-post-info__item elementor-post-info__item--type-date"> <span class="elementor-post-info__item-prefix">Published on</span> <time>August 14, 2023</time> </span> </a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </section> <section class="elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-666edc7b elementor-section-content-middle elementor-section-stretched elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default" data-id="666edc7b" data-element_type="section" data-settings="{"background_background":"classic","stretch_section":"section-stretched"}"> <div data-rocket-location-hash="1e476ed8521e5a63ab5ef03e120f49ec" class="elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default"> <div class="elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-4bf79e4" data-id="4bf79e4" data-element_type="column" data-settings="{"background_background":"classic"}"> <div class="elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated"> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-0107ef9 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image" data-id="0107ef9" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="image.default"> <div class="elementor-widget-container"> <picture class="attachment-full size-full wp-image-31564"> <source type="image/webp" srcset="https://europeanforum.net/wp-content/uploads/2023/08/Screenshot-2023-08-14-at-16.40.36.png.webp 1200w, https://europeanforum.net/wp-content/uploads/2023/08/Screenshot-2023-08-14-at-16.40.36-300x224.png.webp 300w, https://europeanforum.net/wp-content/uploads/2023/08/Screenshot-2023-08-14-at-16.40.36-1024x765.png.webp 1024w, https://europeanforum.net/wp-content/uploads/2023/08/Screenshot-2023-08-14-at-16.40.36-768x573.png.webp 768w" sizes="(max-width: 1200px) 100vw, 1200px"/> <img width="1200" height="896" src="https://europeanforum.net/wp-content/uploads/2023/08/Screenshot-2023-08-14-at-16.40.36.png" alt="" srcset="https://europeanforum.net/wp-content/uploads/2023/08/Screenshot-2023-08-14-at-16.40.36.png 1200w, https://europeanforum.net/wp-content/uploads/2023/08/Screenshot-2023-08-14-at-16.40.36-300x224.png 300w, https://europeanforum.net/wp-content/uploads/2023/08/Screenshot-2023-08-14-at-16.40.36-1024x765.png 1024w, https://europeanforum.net/wp-content/uploads/2023/08/Screenshot-2023-08-14-at-16.40.36-768x573.png 768w" sizes="(max-width: 1200px) 100vw, 1200px"/> </picture> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </section> <section data-rocket-location-hash="bd578bc0389a6e9a8c576283e5dbd583" class="elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-672faefa elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default" data-id="672faefa" data-element_type="section"> <div data-rocket-location-hash="c0a8692ba87932e4b64164f91c78807d" class="elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default"> <div class="elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5110229e" data-id="5110229e" data-element_type="column"> <div class="elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated"> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-80141cc elementor-widget elementor-widget-theme-post-content" data-id="80141cc" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="theme-post-content.default"> <div class="elementor-widget-container"> <p style="text-align: left;"><i><span style="font-weight: 400;">Photo: Flickr</span></i></p> <p> </p> <p style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Despite being the most extreme form of violence against women, femicide remains gravely underreported and underexposed. Although femicide occurs all over the world, the issue has recently received much attention in the Western Balkans,</span><a href="https://www.euractiv.com/section/politics/news/serbian-women-face-femicide-abortion-ban/" rel="noopener"><span style="font-weight: 400;"> where at least 106 women were killed during 2020 and 2021.</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;"> In practice, this figure is likely to be much higher, as many cases of femicide are not reported as such. Dramatic cases of gender-based violence in 2023 again spurred new societal debates.</span></p> <p> </p> <h4 style="text-align: left;"><b>What is femicide? </b></h4> <p style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Femicide is </span><a href="https://www.unwomen.org/en/news-stories/feature-story/2022/11/five-essential-facts-to-know-about-femicide" rel="noopener"><span style="font-weight: 400;">defined by the United Nations</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;"> as an intentional killing with a gender-related motivation. These motivations may include stereotyped gender roles, discrimination, unequal power relations between women and men, and harmful social norms. As the phenomenon is frequently related to domestic violence, perpetrators of femicide are often intimate partners or other family members of the victim. Regardless of its severity, femicide is often portrayed as a sensational family drama, a crime of passion, or an isolated incident, obscuring the systemic issues and misogyny that contribute to its prevalence.</span></p> <p> </p> <h4 style="text-align: left;"><b>The problem of femicide in the Western Balkans</b></h4> <p style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Femicide, which predominantly happens at the victim’s home, </span><a href="https://womensnetwork.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/11/2021-Femicide_BLKN_Report.pdf" rel="noopener"><span style="font-weight: 400;">is an alarmingly frequent occurrence in the six countries that make up the Western Balkans.</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;"> In various instances, communities in these countries are plagued by a patriarchal culture in which “macho”-behaviour is misused and is plaguing principles of marriage and honour. Most cases take place in </span><a href="https://womensnetwork.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/11/2021-Femicide_BLKN_Report.pdf" rel="noopener"><b>Serbia</b></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, where little policy is in place to protect women from femicide. Authorities fail to act upon signals of possible femicide – many Serbian perpetrators of femicide already have a history of criminal behaviour related to (domestic) violence or illegally possess firearms. Similarly, </span><b>Montenegrin </b><span style="font-weight: 400;">authorities fail to act properly upon previous reports of violence made by the victim. </span></p> <p style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Although Serbia is the country in which most cases of femicide in the Western Balkans occur, </span><b>Albania </b><span style="font-weight: 400;">and </span><b>Bosnia and Herzegovina</b><span style="font-weight: 400;"> also face high rates. In Bosnia and Herzegovina, women who have recently left their partner, asked for a divorce, or announced to leave a common household,</span><a href="https://womensnetwork.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/11/2021-Femicide_BLKN_Report.pdf" rel="noopener"><span style="font-weight: 400;"> are at high risk of femicide</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">. This was proven once again when a Bosnian man </span><a href="https://balkaninsight.com/2023/08/11/bosnia-to-investigate-online-admirers-of-livestream-mass-shooter/" rel="noopener"><span style="font-weight: 400;">murdered</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;"> his ex-wife on August 11 during an instagram livestream. </span></p> <h4></h4> <p> </p> <h4 style="text-align: left;"><b>Protests and calls to action</b></h4> <p style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">As a consequence of the worrying trends surrounding femicide in the Western Balkans, there have been multiple public actions to address the issue. Around late 2022, </span><a href="https://www.opendemocracy.net/en/5050/balkan-women-feminists-protests-serbia-bosnia-herzegovina/" rel="noopener"><span style="font-weight: 400;">protests erupted </span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">in Bosnia and Herzegovina following the murder of a 32-year old woman in yet another case of femicide. Protesters asked for femicide to be called by its real name, for a legal definition of femicide as a criminal offence, for better prevention of femicide, and for longer sentences for its perpetrators. In addition, in March 2023, following the prevailing underreporting of femicide, civil society organisations representing various Western Balkan countries </span><a href="https://gcjnetwork.org/wbcso-monitor-femicide-and-gender-based-violence/" rel="noopener"><span style="font-weight: 400;">decided</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;"> to start monitoring femicide and gender-based violence court cases. Furthermore, just two weeks ago, an Albanian woman, who was under court-ordered protection, was murdered by her ex-husband, leading to the Albanian Ombudsman publicly </span><a href="https://balkaninsight.com/2023/07/31/albanian-authorities-urged-to-protect-women-from-violence-after-killing/" rel="noopener"><span style="font-weight: 400;">responding</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;"> by ordering the authorities to better ensure women’s safety. Moreover, at the beginning of the month in Kosovo, citizens protested in front of the Kosovar court to demand long sentences for a femicide case which was to be handled that day. After the perpetrator was </span><a href="https://balkaninsight.com/2023/08/04/kosovo-man-sentenced-to-life-in-prison-for-femicide/" rel="noopener"><span style="font-weight: 400;">sentenced to life in prison</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, President Vjosa Osmani </span><a href="https://www.facebook.com/VjosaOsmaniMP/" rel="noopener"><span style="font-weight: 400;">responded</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;"> by saying that “the authors of femicide deserve capital punishment. Let this serve as a message to all those who chose violence against women as a tool. Violence will not be tolerated. Femicide will be stopped.”</span></p> <p> </p> <h4></h4> <h4 style="text-align: left;"><b>The required solutions</b></h4> <p style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Despite femicide being a highly alarming problem in the Western Balkans, some steps have been taken in the right direction. For instance, Serbia developed a </span><a href="https://www.fao.org/faolex/results/details/en/c/LEX-FAOC204602/" rel="noopener"><span style="font-weight: 400;">strategy</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;"> for preventing and combating gender-based violence against women for until 2025. Furthermore, in late 2022, together with Albania and Montenegro, Serbia launched an </span><a href="https://eca.unwomen.org/en/stories/news/2022/11/first-femicide-interactive-map-for-albania-montenegro-and-serbia-launched" rel="noopener"><span style="font-weight: 400;">interactive map</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;"> which displays and describes femicides committed since 2020. </span></p> <p style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">However, it is evident that the current measures against femicide are far from satisfactory. There is an urgent need to increase awareness on risk factors and protect women accordingly. Although prevention is better than cure, serious legal recognition of femicide is also necessary to deliver justice to its victims. In addition, there is a strong need for raising public awareness on the issue of femicide, in order for all members of society to be able to recognise its risk factors and be able to publicly protect those who are most vulnerable to it. An important factor in raising awareness is the media reporting femicide cases in the right way, by calling a spade a spade, and not depersonalising the victim. </span></p> <p style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Nonetheless, the issue of femicide is not to be solved by a few measures. Femicide is a deep-rooted problem which stems from systemic issues such as gender inequality, misogyny, patriarchy, and transphobia. Therefore, substantial cultural changes are needed to structurally fight femicide. For example, through feminist reforms in education, institutions, and governance. It goes without saying that women should be safe in their own homes and not face the threat of losing their lives because of their gender. The required steps to combating femicide seem big for governments in the Western Balkans – and beyond – but these are pivotal in breaking through male-dominated narratives, finally ensuring human rights and gender equality </span></p> <p> </p> <p style="text-align: left;"><i><span style="font-weight: 400;">In this article, the word ‘woman’ refers to people who identify as women, regardless of whether this was assigned to them at birth. </span></i></p> <p> </p> <p style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Written by Luna Sent</span></p> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </section> <section class="elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-46ab87c5 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default" data-id="46ab87c5" data-element_type="section" data-settings="{"background_background":"classic"}"> <div data-rocket-location-hash="028f2321af60c698d7eb1a54aeed5255" class="elementor-container 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