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vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Perumusan_umum_persamaan_Maxwell"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Perumusan umum persamaan Maxwell</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Perumusan_umum_persamaan_Maxwell-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Gulingkan subbagian Perumusan umum persamaan Maxwell</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Perumusan_umum_persamaan_Maxwell-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Tabel_1:_Perumusan_dalam_muatan_dan_arus_bebas" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tabel_1:_Perumusan_dalam_muatan_dan_arus_bebas"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Tabel 1: Perumusan dalam muatan dan arus bebas</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Tabel_1:_Perumusan_dalam_muatan_dan_arus_bebas-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Table_2:_Perumusan_dalam_muatan_dan_arus_total" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Table_2:_Perumusan_dalam_muatan_dan_arus_total"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Table 2: Perumusan dalam muatan dan arus <i>total</i></span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Table_2:_Perumusan_dalam_muatan_dan_arus_total-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Gulingkan subbagian Table 2: Perumusan dalam muatan dan arus <i>total</i></span> </button> <ul id="toc-Table_2:_Perumusan_dalam_muatan_dan_arus_total-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Tabel_3:_Definisi_dan_satuan" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tabel_3:_Definisi_dan_satuan"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Tabel 3: Definisi dan satuan</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Tabel_3:_Definisi_dan_satuan-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Referensi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Referensi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Referensi</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Referensi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Daftar isi" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Gulingkan daftar isi" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Gulingkan daftar isi</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Persamaan Maxwell</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Pergi ke artikel dalam bahasa lain. Terdapat 77 bahasa" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-77" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">77 bahasa</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maxwell_se_vergelykings" title="Maxwell se vergelykings – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Maxwell se vergelykings" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maxwell-Gleichungen" title="Maxwell-Gleichungen – Jerman (Swiss)" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Maxwell-Gleichungen" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="Jerman (Swiss)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%B9%D8%A7%D8%AF%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AA_%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%83%D8%B3%D9%88%D9%8A%D9%84" title="معادلات ماكسويل – Arab" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="معادلات ماكسويل" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arab" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ecuaciones_de_Maxwell" title="Ecuaciones de Maxwell – Asturia" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Ecuaciones de Maxwell" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maksvell_t%C9%99nlikl%C9%99ri" title="Maksvell tənlikləri – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Maksvell tənlikləri" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%A7%DA%A9%D8%B3%D9%88%D9%84_%D9%85%D9%88%D8%B9%D8%A7%D8%AF%DB%8C%D9%84%D9%87%E2%80%8C%D9%84%D8%B1%DB%8C" title="ماکسول موعادیله‌لری – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="ماکسول موعادیله‌لری" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="artikel pilihan"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A3%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%9E%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D1%96_%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B0" title="Ураўненні Максвела – Belarusia" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Ураўненні Максвела" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B0%D1%9E%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%8C%D0%BD%D1%96_%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%81%D1%9E%D1%8D%D0%BB%D0%B0" title="Раўнаньні Максўэла – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Раўнаньні Максўэла" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A3%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%81%D1%83%D0%B5%D0%BB" title="Уравнения на Максуел – Bulgaria" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Уравнения на Максуел" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgaria" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%93%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B2%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B0_%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%80%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%A3%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%82%E0%A6%B9" title="ম্যাক্সওয়েলের সমীকরণসমূহ – Bengali" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="ম্যাক্সওয়েলের সমীকরণসমূহ" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bengali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maxwellove_jedna%C4%8Dine" title="Maxwellove jednačine – Bosnia" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Maxwellove jednačine" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Equacions_de_Maxwell" title="Equacions de Maxwell – Katalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Equacions de Maxwell" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Katalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maxwellovy_rovnice" title="Maxwellovy rovnice – Cheska" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Maxwellovy rovnice" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Cheska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9Ca%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%BB_%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BB%C4%83%D1%85%C4%95%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BC" title="Мaксвелл танлăхĕсем – Chuvash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Мaксвелл танлăхĕсем" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Chuvash" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maxwells_ligninger" title="Maxwells ligninger – Dansk" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Maxwells ligninger" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Dansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maxwell-Gleichungen" title="Maxwell-Gleichungen – Jerman" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Maxwell-Gleichungen" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="Jerman" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%95%CE%BE%CE%B9%CF%83%CF%8E%CF%83%CE%B5%CE%B9%CF%82_%CE%9C%CE%AC%CE%BE%CE%B3%CE%BF%CF%85%CE%B5%CE%BB" title="Εξισώσεις Μάξγουελ – Yunani" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Εξισώσεις Μάξγουελ" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Yunani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maxwell%27s_equations" title="Maxwell's equations – Inggris" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Maxwell's equations" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="Inggris" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ekvacioj_de_Maxwell" title="Ekvacioj de Maxwell – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Ekvacioj de Maxwell" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="artikel bagus"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ecuaciones_de_Maxwell" title="Ecuaciones de Maxwell – Spanyol" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Ecuaciones de Maxwell" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanyol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maxwelli_v%C3%B5rrandid" title="Maxwelli võrrandid – Esti" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Maxwelli võrrandid" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Esti" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maxwellen_ekuazioak" title="Maxwellen ekuazioak – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Maxwellen ekuazioak" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%B9%D8%A7%D8%AF%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AA_%D9%85%D8%A7%DA%A9%D8%B3%D9%88%D9%84" title="معادلات ماکسول – Persia" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="معادلات ماکسول" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maxwellin_yht%C3%A4l%C3%B6t" title="Maxwellin yhtälöt – Suomi" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Maxwellin yhtälöt" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Suomi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%89quations_de_Maxwell" title="Équations de Maxwell – Prancis" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Équations de Maxwell" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="Prancis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ecuaci%C3%B3ns_de_Maxwell" title="Ecuacións de Maxwell – Galisia" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Ecuacións de Maxwell" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galisia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9E%D7%A9%D7%95%D7%95%D7%90%D7%95%D7%AA_%D7%9E%D7%A7%D7%A1%D7%95%D7%95%D7%9C" title="משוואות מקסוול – Ibrani" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="משוואות מקסוול" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Ibrani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%88%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%B5%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B2_%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%87_%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%A3" title="मैक्सवेल के समीकरण – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="मैक्सवेल के समीकरण" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maxwellove_jednad%C5%BEbe" title="Maxwellove jednadžbe – Kroasia" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Maxwellove jednadžbe" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Kroasia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ekwasyon_Maxwell" title="Ekwasyon Maxwell – Kreol Haiti" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Ekwasyon Maxwell" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="Kreol Haiti" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maxwell-egyenletek" title="Maxwell-egyenletek – Hungaria" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Maxwell-egyenletek" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungaria" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%84%D5%A1%D6%84%D5%BD%D5%BE%D5%A5%D5%AC%D5%AB_%D5%B0%D5%A1%D5%BE%D5%A1%D5%BD%D5%A1%D6%80%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B4%D5%B6%D5%A5%D6%80" title="Մաքսվելի հավասարումներ – Armenia" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Մաքսվելի հավասարումներ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Equationes_de_Maxwell" title="Equationes de Maxwell – Interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Equationes de Maxwell" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="Interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/J%C3%B6fnur_Maxwells" title="Jöfnur Maxwells – Islandia" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Jöfnur Maxwells" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Islandia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Equazioni_di_Maxwell" title="Equazioni di Maxwell – Italia" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Equazioni di Maxwell" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%9E%E3%82%AF%E3%82%B9%E3%82%A6%E3%82%A7%E3%83%AB%E3%81%AE%E6%96%B9%E7%A8%8B%E5%BC%8F" title="マクスウェルの方程式 – Jepang" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="マクスウェルの方程式" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Jepang" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9B%E1%83%90%E1%83%A5%E1%83%A1%E1%83%95%E1%83%94%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1_%E1%83%92%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%A2%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9A%E1%83%94%E1%83%91%E1%83%94%E1%83%91%E1%83%98" title="მაქსველის განტოლებები – Georgia" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="მაქსველის განტოლებები" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%BB_%D1%82%D0%B5%D2%A3%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%83%D1%96" title="Максвелл теңдеуі – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Максвелл теңдеуі" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%AE%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%AF%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%95%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%B8%E0%B3%8D%E2%80%8C%E0%B2%B5%E0%B3%86%E0%B2%B2%E0%B3%8D%E2%80%8C%E0%B2%A8_%E0%B2%B8%E0%B2%AE%E0%B3%80%E0%B2%95%E0%B2%B0%E0%B2%A3%E0%B2%97%E0%B2%B3%E0%B3%81" title="ಮ್ಯಾಕ್ಸ್‌ವೆಲ್‌ನ ಸಮೀಕರಣಗಳು – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಮ್ಯಾಕ್ಸ್‌ವೆಲ್‌ನ ಸಮೀಕರಣಗಳು" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%A7%A5%EC%8A%A4%EC%9B%B0_%EB%B0%A9%EC%A0%95%EC%8B%9D" title="맥스웰 방정식 – Korea" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="맥스웰 방정식" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korea" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aequationes_Maxwellianae" title="Aequationes Maxwellianae – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Aequationes Maxwellianae" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/W%C3%A8tte_van_Maxwell" title="Wètte van Maxwell – Limburgia" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Wètte van Maxwell" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="Limburgia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maksvelo_lygtys" title="Maksvelo lygtys – Lituavi" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Maksvelo lygtys" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lituavi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maksvela_vien%C4%81dojumi" title="Maksvela vienādojumi – Latvi" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Maksvela vienādojumi" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="artikel bagus"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8_%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BA%D0%B8" title="Максвелови равенки – Makedonia" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Максвелови равенки" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Makedonia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%85%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%B5%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%9A%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%A3%E0%A5%87" title="मॅक्सवेलची समीकरणे – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="मॅक्सवेलची समीकरणे" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Persamaan_Maxwell" title="Persamaan Maxwell – Melayu" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Persamaan Maxwell" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Melayu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%B5%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B2_%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%A3" title="माक्सवेल समीकरण – Nepali" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="माक्सवेल समीकरण" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="Nepali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wetten_van_Maxwell" title="Wetten van Maxwell – Belanda" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Wetten van Maxwell" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Belanda" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maxwells_likningar" title="Maxwells likningar – Nynorsk Norwegia" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Maxwells likningar" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Nynorsk Norwegia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maxwells_likninger" title="Maxwells likninger – Bokmål Norwegia" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Maxwells likninger" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Bokmål Norwegia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%AE%E0%A9%88%E0%A8%95%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%B5%E0%A9%88%E0%A9%B1%E0%A8%B2_%E0%A8%A6%E0%A9%80%E0%A8%86%E0%A8%82_%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%AE%E0%A9%80%E0%A8%95%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%A8%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%82" title="ਮੈਕਸਵੈੱਲ ਦੀਆਂ ਸਮੀਕਰਨਾਂ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਮੈਕਸਵੈੱਲ ਦੀਆਂ ਸਮੀਕਰਨਾਂ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C3%B3wnania_Maxwella" title="Równania Maxwella – Polski" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Równania Maxwella" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Equa%C3%A7%C3%B5es_de_Maxwell" title="Equações de Maxwell – Portugis" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Equações de Maxwell" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portugis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ecua%C8%9Biile_lui_Maxwell" title="Ecuațiile lui Maxwell – Rumania" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Ecuațiile lui Maxwell" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Rumania" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="artikel pilihan"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A3%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%B0" title="Уравнения Максвелла – Rusia" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Уравнения Максвелла" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Rusia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maxwellove_jednad%C5%BEbe" title="Maxwellove jednadžbe – Serbo-Kroasia" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Maxwellove jednadžbe" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Kroasia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maxwell%27s_equations" title="Maxwell's equations – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Maxwell's equations" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maxwellove_rovnice" title="Maxwellove rovnice – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Maxwellove rovnice" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maxwellove_ena%C4%8Dbe" title="Maxwellove enačbe – Sloven" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Maxwellove enačbe" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Sloven" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ekuacionet_e_Maksuellit" title="Ekuacionet e Maksuellit – Albania" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Ekuacionet e Maksuellit" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albania" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B5_%D1%98%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%87%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B5" title="Максвелове једначине – Serbia" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Максвелове једначине" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maxwells_ekvationer" title="Maxwells ekvationer – Swedia" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Maxwells ekvationer" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%AE%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9A%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%B5%E0%AF%86%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%B2%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%9A%E0%AE%AE%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%B3%E0%AF%8D" title="மாக்சுவெல்லின் சமன்பாடுகள் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="மாக்சுவெல்லின் சமன்பாடுகள்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%95%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B8%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B5%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%B2%E0%B1%8D_%E0%B0%B8%E0%B0%AE%E0%B1%80%E0%B0%95%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%A3%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%B2%E0%B1%81" title="మాక్స్వెల్ సమీకరణాలు – Telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="మాక్స్వెల్ సమీకరణాలు" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="Telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%82%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%87%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%8B%E0%B9%8C%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%A5%E0%B9%8C" title="สมการของแมกซ์เวลล์ – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="สมการของแมกซ์เวลล์" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mga_ekwasyon_ni_Maxwell" title="Mga ekwasyon ni Maxwell – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Mga ekwasyon ni Maxwell" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maxwell_denklemleri" title="Maxwell denklemleri – Turki" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Maxwell denklemleri" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Makswell_tigezl%C3%A4m%C3%A4l%C3%A4re" title="Makswell tigezlämäläre – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Makswell tigezlämäläre" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D1%96%D0%B2%D0%BD%D1%8F%D0%BD%D0%BD%D1%8F_%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%B0" title="Рівняння Максвелла – Ukraina" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Рівняння Максвелла" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukraina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%DB%8C%DA%A9%D8%B3%D9%88%DB%8C%D9%84_%D9%85%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%AA" title="میکسویل مساوات – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="میکسویل مساوات" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maxwell_tenglamalari" title="Maxwell tenglamalari – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Maxwell tenglamalari" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ph%C6%B0%C6%A1ng_tr%C3%ACnh_Maxwell" title="Phương trình Maxwell – Vietnam" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Phương trình Maxwell" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" 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src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Faraday-Millikan-Gale-1913.jpg/198px-Faraday-Millikan-Gale-1913.jpg" decoding="async" width="198" height="264" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Faraday-Millikan-Gale-1913.jpg/297px-Faraday-Millikan-Gale-1913.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Faraday-Millikan-Gale-1913.jpg/396px-Faraday-Millikan-Gale-1913.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1408" data-file-height="1880" /></a></span><div class="sidebar-caption"><a href="/wiki/Michael_Faraday" title="Michael Faraday">Michael Faraday</a>, bapak kelistrikan dunia dan sosok penting pada ilmu kemagnetan.<br /><br /><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Black_book_icon.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/Black_book_icon.svg/29px-Black_book_icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="29" height="29" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/Black_book_icon.svg/44px-Black_book_icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/Black_book_icon.svg/58px-Black_book_icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="24" data-file-height="24" /></a></span> <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_textbooks_in_electromagnetism" class="extiw" title="w:List of textbooks in electromagnetism"><b><span style="color:#075B99">Buku rujukan</span></b></a></div></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent; border-top:1px solid #02335B;"><a href="/wiki/Elektrostatika" title="Elektrostatika"><b><span style="color:#075B99">Statika listrik</span></b></a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist" style="padding-top:0;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Muatan_listrik" title="Muatan listrik">Muatan listrik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Medan_listrik" title="Medan listrik">Medan listrik</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Insulator_listrik" title="Insulator listrik">Insulator</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Konduktor_listrik" class="mw-redirect" title="Konduktor listrik">Konduktor</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Efek_tribolistrik" title="Efek tribolistrik">Ketribolistrikan</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Induksi_elektrostatis" title="Induksi elektrostatis">Induksi Listrik Statis</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hukum_Coulomb" title="Hukum Coulomb">Hukum Coulomb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hukum_Gauss" title="Hukum Gauss">Hukum Gauss</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fluks_listrik" title="Fluks listrik">Fluks listrik</a> / <a href="/wiki/Energi_potensial_listrik" title="Energi potensial listrik">energi potensial</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Momen_dipol_listrik" title="Momen dipol listrik">Momen polaritas listirk</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent; border-top:1px solid #02335B;"><a href="/wiki/Magnetostatika" title="Magnetostatika"><b><span style="color:#075B99">Statika magnet</span></b></a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist" style="padding-top:0;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hukum_Ampere" title="Hukum Ampere">Hukum Ampere</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Medan_magnet" title="Medan magnet">Medan magnet</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Magnetisasi" title="Magnetisasi">Magnetisasi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fluks_magnetik" title="Fluks magnetik">Fluks magnetik</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kaidah_tangan_kanan" title="Kaidah tangan kanan">Kaidah tangan kanan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaidah_tangan_kiri" title="Kaidah tangan kiri">Kaidah tangan kiri</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hukum_Biot-Savart" title="Hukum Biot-Savart">Hukum Biot–Savart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hukum_Gauss_untuk_magnet" title="Hukum Gauss untuk magnet">Hukum magnet Gauss</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Momen_magnetik" title="Momen magnetik">Momen polaritas magnetik</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gaya_gerak_magnet" title="Gaya gerak magnet">Gaya gerak magnet</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent; border-top:1px solid #02335B;"><a href="/wiki/Elektrodinamika" title="Elektrodinamika"><b><span style="color:#075B99">Dinamika listrik</span></b></a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist" style="padding-top:0;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gaya_Lorentz" title="Gaya Lorentz">Gaya Lorentz</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Induksi_elektromagnetik" title="Induksi elektromagnetik">Hukum Faraday</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hukum_Lenz" title="Hukum Lenz">Hukum Lenz</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Persamaan Maxwell</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Medan_elektromagnetik" title="Medan elektromagnetik">Medan magnetik listrik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radiasi_elektromagnetik" title="Radiasi elektromagnetik">Radiasi magnetik listrik</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent; border-top:1px solid #02335B;"><a href="/wiki/Rangkaian_listrik" title="Rangkaian listrik"><b><span style="color:#075B99">Rangkaian listrik</span></b></a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist" style="padding-top:0;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arus_listrik" title="Arus listrik">Arus listrik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Potensial_listrik" title="Potensial listrik">Potensi listirk</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tegangan_listrik" title="Tegangan listrik">Tegangan listrik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hambatan_dan_hantaran_listrik" class="mw-redirect" title="Hambatan dan hantaran listrik">Hambatan</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hukum_Ohm" title="Hukum Ohm">Hukum Ohm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hukum_sirkuit_Kirchhoff" title="Hukum sirkuit Kirchhoff">Hukum Kirchoff</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rangkaian_seri_dan_paralel#Rangkaian_seri" title="Rangkaian seri dan paralel">Rangkaian seri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rangkaian_seri_dan_paralel#Rangkaian_paralel" title="Rangkaian seri dan paralel">Rangkaian paralel</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arus_searah" title="Arus searah">Arus searah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arus_bolak-balik" title="Arus bolak-balik">Arus bolak-balik</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jembatan_Wheatstone" title="Jembatan Wheatstone">Jembatan Wheatstone</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Daya_listrik" title="Daya listrik">Daya listrik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Energi_listrik" title="Energi listrik">Energi listrik</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gaya_gerak_listrik" title="Gaya gerak listrik">Gaya gerak listrik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kapasitansi" title="Kapasitansi">Kapasitansi</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Induktansi" title="Induktansi">Induktansi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Impedansi_listrik" title="Impedansi listrik">Impedansi</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent; border-top:1px solid #02335B;">Ilmuwan</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist" style="padding-top:0;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Andr%C3%A9-Marie_Amp%C3%A8re" title="André-Marie Ampère">Ampère</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean-Baptiste_Biot" title="Jean-Baptiste Biot">Biot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles-Augustin_de_Coulomb" class="mw-redirect" title="Charles-Augustin de Coulomb">Coulomb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Humphry_Davy" title="Humphry Davy">Davy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albert_Einstein" title="Albert Einstein">Einstein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Faraday" title="Michael Faraday">Faraday</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hippolyte_Fizeau" title="Hippolyte Fizeau">Fizeau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carl_Friedrich_Gauss" title="Carl Friedrich Gauss">Gauss</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Henry" title="Joseph Henry">Henry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heinrich_Hertz" class="mw-redirect" title="Heinrich Hertz">Hertz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Prescott_Joule" title="James Prescott Joule">Joule</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heinrich_Friedrich_Emil_Lenz" title="Heinrich Friedrich Emil Lenz">Lenz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hendrik_Lorentz" class="mw-redirect" title="Hendrik Lorentz">Lorentz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Clerk_Maxwell" title="James Clerk Maxwell">Maxwell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Franz_Ernst_Neumann" title="Franz Ernst Neumann">Neumann</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hans_Christian_%C3%98rsted" title="Hans Christian Ørsted">Ørsted</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georg_Ohm" title="Georg Ohm">Ohm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nikola_Tesla" title="Nikola Tesla">Tesla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Thomson,_1st_Baron_Kelvin" class="mw-redirect" title="William Thomson, 1st Baron Kelvin">Kelvin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alessandro_Volta" title="Alessandro Volta">Volta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wilhelm_Eduard_Weber" title="Wilhelm Eduard Weber">Weber</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sim%C3%A9on_Denis_Poisson" title="Siméon Denis Poisson">Poisson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Wheatstone" title="Charles Wheatstone">Wheatstone</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r18590415">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-lihat"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Templat:Listrik_dan_magnet&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Templat:Listrik dan magnet (halaman belum tersedia)"><abbr title="Lihat templat ini">l</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-bicara"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pembicaraan_Templat:Listrik_dan_magnet&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pembicaraan Templat:Listrik dan magnet (halaman belum tersedia)"><abbr title="Diskusikan templat ini">b</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-sunting"><a class="external text" href="https://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Templat:Listrik_dan_magnet&action=edit"><abbr title="Sunting templat ini">s</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Persamaan Maxwell</b> adalah himpunan empat <a href="/wiki/Persamaan_diferensial_parsial" title="Persamaan diferensial parsial">persamaan diferensial parsial</a> yang mendeskripsikan sifat-sifat <a href="/wiki/Medan_listrik" title="Medan listrik">medan listrik</a> dan <a href="/wiki/Medan_magnet" title="Medan magnet">medan magnet</a> dan hubungannya dengan sumber-sumbernya, <a href="/wiki/Muatan_listrik" title="Muatan listrik">muatan listrik</a> dan <a href="/wiki/Arus_listrik" title="Arus listrik">arus listrik</a>, menurut teori <a href="/w/index.php?title=Elektrodinamika_klasik&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Elektrodinamika klasik (halaman belum tersedia)">elektrodinamika klasik</a>. Keempat persamaan ini digunakan untuk menunjukkan bahwa <a href="/wiki/Cahaya" title="Cahaya">cahaya</a> adalah <a href="/wiki/Gelombang_elektromagnetik" class="mw-redirect" title="Gelombang elektromagnetik">gelombang elektromagnetik</a>. Secara terpisah, keempat persamaan ini masing-masing disebut sebagai <a href="/wiki/Hukum_Gauss" title="Hukum Gauss">Hukum Gauss</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Hukum_Gauss_untuk_magnetisme&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hukum Gauss untuk magnetisme (halaman belum tersedia)">Hukum Gauss untuk magnetisme</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hukum_induksi_Faraday" title="Hukum induksi Faraday">Hukum induksi Faraday</a>, dan <a href="/wiki/Hukum_Ampere" title="Hukum Ampere">Hukum Ampere</a>. </p><p>Keempat persamaan ini dengan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Hukum_Lorentz&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hukum Lorentz (halaman belum tersedia)">Hukum Lorentz</a> merupakan kumpulan hukum lengkap dari elektrodinamika klasik. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Deskripsi_konseptual">Deskripsi konseptual</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Persamaan_Maxwell&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Sunting bagian: Deskripsi konseptual" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Persamaan_Maxwell&action=edit&section=1" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Deskripsi konseptual"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hukum_Gauss" title="Hukum Gauss">Hukum Gauss</a> menerangkan bagaimana <a href="/wiki/Muatan_listrik" title="Muatan listrik">muatan listrik</a> dapat menciptakan dan mengubah medan listrik. Medan listrik cenderung untuk bergerak dari muatan positif ke muatan negatif. Hukum Gauss adalah penjelasan utama mengapa muatan yang berbeda jenis saling tarik-menarik, dan yang sama jenisnya tolak-menolak. Muatan-muatan tersebut menciptakan medan listrik, yang ditanggapi oleh muatan lain melalui <a href="/wiki/Gaya_listrik" title="Gaya listrik">gaya listrik</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hukum_Gauss_untuk_magnetisme&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hukum Gauss untuk magnetisme (halaman belum tersedia)">Hukum Gauss untuk magnetisme</a> menyatakan tidak seperti listrik tidak ada partikel "kutub utara" atau "kutub selatan". Kutub-kutub utara dan kutub-kutub selatan selalu saling berpasangan.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hukum_induksi_Faraday" title="Hukum induksi Faraday">Hukum induksi Faraday</a> mendeskripsikan bagaimana mengubah medan magnet dapat menciptakan medan listrik. Ini merupakan prinsip operasi banyak generator listrik. Gaya mekanik (seperti yang ditimbulkan oleh air pada bendungan) memutar sebuah magnet besar, dan perubahan medan magnet ini menciptakan medan listrik yang mendorong arus listrik yang kemudian disalurkan melalui jala-jala listrik.</li></ul> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Magnetic_core.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Magnetic_core.jpg/250px-Magnetic_core.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="188" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Magnetic_core.jpg/375px-Magnetic_core.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Magnetic_core.jpg/500px-Magnetic_core.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="960" /></a><figcaption>Memori inti magnetik An Wang (1954) adalah penerapan Hukum Ampere. Tiap inti magnetik merupakan satu <a href="/wiki/Bit" class="mw-disambig" title="Bit">bit</a></figcaption></figure> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hukum_Ampere" title="Hukum Ampere">Hukum Ampere</a> menyatakan bahwa medan magnet dapat ditimbulkan melalui dua cara: yaitu lewat arus listrik (perumusan awal Hukum Ampere), dan dengan mengubah medan listrik (tambahan Maxwell).</li></ul> <p>Koreksi Maxwell terhadap Hukum Ampere cukup penting: dengan demikian, hukum ini menyatakan bahwa perubahan medan listrik dapat menimbulkan medan magnet, dan sebaliknya. Dengan demikian, meskipun tidak ada muatan listrik atau arus listrik, masih dimungkinkann buat memiliki gelombang osilasi medan magnet dan medan listrik yang stabil dan dapat menjalar terus-menerus. Keempat persamaan Maxwell ini mendeskripsikan gelombang ini secara kuantitatif, dan lebih lanjut lagi meramalkan bahwa gelombang ini mestilah memiliki laju tertentu yang universal. Laju ini dapat dihitung cukup dari dua <a href="/wiki/Konstanta_fisika" title="Konstanta fisika">konstanta fisika</a> yang dapat diukur (konstanta elektrik dan konstanta magnetik) </p><p>Laju yang dihitung untuk radiasi elektromagnetik tepat sama dengan <a href="/wiki/Laju_cahaya" title="Laju cahaya">laju cahaya</a>. Cahaya memang merupakan salah satu bentuk radiasi elektromagnetik (seperti juga sinar X, gelombang radio dan lain-lainnya). Dengan demikian, <a href="/wiki/James_Clerk_Maxwell" title="James Clerk Maxwell">Maxwell</a> memadukan dua bidang yang sebelumnya terpisah, <a href="/wiki/Elektromagnetisme" title="Elektromagnetisme">elektromagnetisme</a> dan <a href="/wiki/Optika" title="Optika">optika</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Perumusan_umum_persamaan_Maxwell">Perumusan umum persamaan Maxwell</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Persamaan_Maxwell&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Sunting bagian: Perumusan umum persamaan Maxwell" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Persamaan_Maxwell&action=edit&section=2" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Perumusan umum persamaan Maxwell"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Persamaan-persamaan dalam bagian ini ditulis dalam <a href="/wiki/Sistem_Internasional" class="mw-redirect" title="Sistem Internasional">satuan SI</a>. Tidak seperti persamaan dalam <a href="/wiki/Mekanika" title="Mekanika">mekanika</a> misalnya, perumusan persamaan Maxwell berubah-ubah tergantung pada sistem satuan yang digunakan. Meskipun bentuk umumnya tetap, berbagai definisi berubah dan tetapan yang berbeda-beda muncul di tempat yang berbeda-beda pula. Selain satuan SI (yang umum digunakan dalam rekayasa), sistem satuan lain yang umum digunakan adalah <a href="/w/index.php?title=Satuan_Gauss&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Satuan Gauss (halaman belum tersedia)">satuan Gauss</a> (didasarkan pada sistem CGS dan dianggap memiliki keuntungan teoretis dibandingkan SI <sup id="cite_ref-Griffiths_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Griffiths-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>), <a href="/w/index.php?title=Satuan_Lorentz-Heaviside&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Satuan Lorentz-Heaviside (halaman belum tersedia)">satuan Lorentz-Heaviside</a> (biasa digunakan dalam <a href="/wiki/Fisika_partikel" title="Fisika partikel">fisika partikel</a>) dan <a href="/wiki/Satuan_Planck" title="Satuan Planck">satuan Planck</a> (digunakan dalam <a href="/wiki/Fisika_teori" title="Fisika teori">fisika teori</a>). </p><p>Ada dua perumusan umum persamaan Maxwell, yang dibeberkan di bawah. Kedua-duanya ekivalen. Perumusan pertama memisahkan muatan terikat dan arus terikat (yang muncul dalam konteks <a href="/wiki/Dielektrik" title="Dielektrik">dielektrik</a> dan/atau bahan magnet) dari muatan bebas dan arus bebas. Pemisahan ini berguna untuk perhitungan yang melibatkan bahan dielektrik dan magnet. Perumusan kedua memperlakukan semua muatan secara setara, menggabungkan baik muatan bebas dan terikat ke dalam muatan <i>total</i> (dan hal yang sama juga berlaku untuk arus). Ini adalah pendekatan yang lebih mendasar atau mikroskopis, dan terutama berguna bila tidak ada bahan dielektrik atau magnet. </p><p>Lambang <b>dicetak tebal</b> mewakili <a href="/w/index.php?title=Besaran_vektor&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Besaran vektor (halaman belum tersedia)">besaran vektor</a>, sedangkan lambang <i>dicetak miring</i> mewakili <a href="/w/index.php?title=Besaran_skalar&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Besaran skalar (halaman belum tersedia)">besaran skalar</a> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Tabel_1:_Perumusan_dalam_muatan_dan_arus_bebas">Tabel 1: Perumusan dalam muatan dan arus bebas</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Persamaan_Maxwell&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Sunting bagian: Tabel 1: Perumusan dalam muatan dan arus bebas" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Persamaan_Maxwell&action=edit&section=3" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Tabel 1: Perumusan dalam muatan dan arus bebas"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable sortable" border="1" cellpadding="8" cellspacing="0"> <tbody><tr> <th>Nama </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Persamaan_diferensial_parsial" title="Persamaan diferensial parsial">Bentuk diferensial</a> </th> <th>Bentuk <a href="/wiki/Integral" title="Integral">integral</a> </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Hukum_Gauss" title="Hukum Gauss">Hukum Gauss</a>: </td> <td><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \nabla \cdot \mathbf {D} =\rho _{f}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi mathvariant="normal">∇</mi> <mo>⋅</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="bold">D</mi> </mrow> <mo>=</mo> <msub> <mi>ρ</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>f</mi> </mrow> </msub> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \nabla \cdot \mathbf {D} =\rho _{f}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/556841060462dafa6265eb2815d7cb4b52891c6f" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.005ex; width:11.101ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \nabla \cdot \mathbf {D} =\rho _{f}}"></span> </td> <td><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \oint _{S}\mathbf {D} \cdot \mathrm {d} \mathbf {A} =Q_{f,S}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <msub> <mo>∮</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>S</mi> </mrow> </msub> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="bold">D</mi> </mrow> <mo>⋅</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="normal">d</mi> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="bold">A</mi> </mrow> <mo>=</mo> <msub> <mi>Q</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>f</mi> <mo>,</mo> <mi>S</mi> </mrow> </msub> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \oint _{S}\mathbf {D} \cdot \mathrm {d} \mathbf {A} =Q_{f,S}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/994b8329c677eb5f49b216a26ed0626a5d363dcf" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -2.338ex; width:17.603ex; height:5.676ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \oint _{S}\mathbf {D} \cdot \mathrm {d} \mathbf {A} =Q_{f,S}}"></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hukum_Gauss_untuk_magnetisme&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hukum Gauss untuk magnetisme (halaman belum tersedia)">Hukum Gauss untuk magnetisme</a>: </td> <td><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \nabla \cdot \mathbf {B} =0}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi mathvariant="normal">∇</mi> <mo>⋅</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="bold">B</mi> </mrow> <mo>=</mo> <mn>0</mn> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \nabla \cdot \mathbf {B} =0}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/16ee950683349dacdd9e9c262ff6133812747edd" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:9.777ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \nabla \cdot \mathbf {B} =0}"></span> </td> <td><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \oint _{S}\mathbf {B} \cdot \mathrm {d} \mathbf {A} =0}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <msub> <mo>∮</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>S</mi> </mrow> </msub> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="bold">B</mi> </mrow> <mo>⋅</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="normal">d</mi> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="bold">A</mi> </mrow> <mo>=</mo> <mn>0</mn> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \oint _{S}\mathbf {B} \cdot \mathrm {d} \mathbf {A} =0}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/79e91c0569752b6bf7ad9b43ad36a846c1940a72" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -2.338ex; width:14.125ex; height:5.676ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \oint _{S}\mathbf {B} \cdot \mathrm {d} \mathbf {A} =0}"></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Persamaan Maxwell-Faraday <br />(<a href="/wiki/Hukum_induksi_Faraday" title="Hukum induksi Faraday">Hukum induksi Faraday</a>): </td> <td><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \nabla \times \mathbf {E} =-{\frac {\partial \mathbf {B} }{\partial t}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi mathvariant="normal">∇</mi> <mo>×</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="bold">E</mi> </mrow> <mo>=</mo> <mo>−</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <mrow> <mi mathvariant="normal">∂</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="bold">B</mi> </mrow> </mrow> <mrow> <mi mathvariant="normal">∂</mi> <mi>t</mi> </mrow> </mfrac> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \nabla \times \mathbf {E} =-{\frac {\partial \mathbf {B} }{\partial t}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/2eb118e22c941e34f5537dbbdcaa3d7ba23603e0" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -2.005ex; width:15.495ex; height:5.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \nabla \times \mathbf {E} =-{\frac {\partial \mathbf {B} }{\partial t}}}"></span> </td> <td><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \oint _{\partial S}\mathbf {E} \cdot \mathrm {d} \mathbf {l} =-{\frac {\partial \Phi _{B,S}}{\partial t}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <msub> <mo>∮</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="normal">∂</mi> <mi>S</mi> </mrow> </msub> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="bold">E</mi> </mrow> <mo>⋅</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="normal">d</mi> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="bold">l</mi> </mrow> <mo>=</mo> <mo>−</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <mrow> <mi mathvariant="normal">∂</mi> <msub> <mi mathvariant="normal">Φ</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>B</mi> <mo>,</mo> <mi>S</mi> </mrow> </msub> </mrow> <mrow> <mi mathvariant="normal">∂</mi> <mi>t</mi> </mrow> </mfrac> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \oint _{\partial S}\mathbf {E} \cdot \mathrm {d} \mathbf {l} =-{\frac {\partial \Phi _{B,S}}{\partial t}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/abb6d266f223acf05edd2439c48af7d735bc5ea0" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -2.338ex; width:21.111ex; height:6.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \oint _{\partial S}\mathbf {E} \cdot \mathrm {d} \mathbf {l} =-{\frac {\partial \Phi _{B,S}}{\partial t}}}"></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Hukum_Ampere" title="Hukum Ampere">Hukum Ampere</a><br /> (dengan koreksi Maxwell): </td> <td><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \nabla \times \mathbf {H} =\mathbf {J} _{f}+{\frac {\partial \mathbf {D} }{\partial t}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi mathvariant="normal">∇</mi> <mo>×</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="bold">H</mi> </mrow> <mo>=</mo> <msub> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="bold">J</mi> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>f</mi> </mrow> </msub> <mo>+</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <mrow> <mi mathvariant="normal">∂</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="bold">D</mi> </mrow> </mrow> <mrow> <mi mathvariant="normal">∂</mi> <mi>t</mi> </mrow> </mfrac> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \nabla \times \mathbf {H} =\mathbf {J} _{f}+{\frac {\partial \mathbf {D} }{\partial t}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/3259c98becc34ab9b054509d03271e60dbace602" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -2.005ex; width:19.528ex; height:5.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \nabla \times \mathbf {H} =\mathbf {J} _{f}+{\frac {\partial \mathbf {D} }{\partial t}}}"></span> <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle }"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0" /> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle }</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/df4dcd61276328f7c7ec5bdc399b6e11114a2c68" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.171ex; width:0; height:0.343ex;" alt="{\displaystyle }"></span> </td> <td><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \oint _{\partial S}\mathbf {H} \cdot \mathrm {d} \mathbf {l} =I_{f,S}+{\frac {\partial \Phi _{D,S}}{\partial t}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <msub> <mo>∮</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="normal">∂</mi> <mi>S</mi> </mrow> </msub> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="bold">H</mi> </mrow> <mo>⋅</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="normal">d</mi> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="bold">l</mi> </mrow> <mo>=</mo> <msub> <mi>I</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>f</mi> <mo>,</mo> <mi>S</mi> </mrow> </msub> <mo>+</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <mrow> <mi mathvariant="normal">∂</mi> <msub> <mi mathvariant="normal">Φ</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>D</mi> <mo>,</mo> <mi>S</mi> </mrow> </msub> </mrow> <mrow> <mi mathvariant="normal">∂</mi> <mi>t</mi> </mrow> </mfrac> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \oint _{\partial S}\mathbf {H} \cdot \mathrm {d} \mathbf {l} =I_{f,S}+{\frac {\partial \Phi _{D,S}}{\partial t}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/3a46747ca308ed9cf0852b8bef4360126466ad48" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -2.338ex; width:26.268ex; height:6.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \oint _{\partial S}\mathbf {H} \cdot \mathrm {d} \mathbf {l} =I_{f,S}+{\frac {\partial \Phi _{D,S}}{\partial t}}}"></span> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Table_2:_Perumusan_dalam_muatan_dan_arus_total">Table 2: Perumusan dalam muatan dan arus <i>total</i></h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Persamaan_Maxwell&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Sunting bagian: Table 2: Perumusan dalam muatan dan arus total" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Persamaan_Maxwell&action=edit&section=4" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Table 2: Perumusan dalam muatan dan arus total"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable" border="1" cellpadding="8" cellspacing="0"> <tbody><tr> <th>Nama </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Persamaan_diferensial_parsial" title="Persamaan diferensial parsial">Bentuk diferensial</a> </th> <th>Bentuk <a href="/wiki/Integral" title="Integral">Integral</a> </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Hukum_Gauss" title="Hukum Gauss">Hukum Gauss</a>: </td> <td><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \nabla \cdot \mathbf {E} ={\frac {\rho }{\epsilon _{0}}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi mathvariant="normal">∇</mi> <mo>⋅</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="bold">E</mi> </mrow> <mo>=</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <mi>ρ</mi> <msub> <mi>ϵ</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>0</mn> </mrow> </msub> </mfrac> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \nabla \cdot \mathbf {E} ={\frac {\rho }{\epsilon _{0}}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/236aa8aa43020f96f249f765c8b983c3b02dfe2a" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -2.171ex; width:11.305ex; height:5.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \nabla \cdot \mathbf {E} ={\frac {\rho }{\epsilon _{0}}}}"></span> </td> <td><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \oint _{S}\mathbf {E} \cdot \mathrm {d} \mathbf {A} ={\frac {Q_{S}}{\epsilon _{0}}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <msub> <mo>∮</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>S</mi> </mrow> </msub> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="bold">E</mi> </mrow> <mo>⋅</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="normal">d</mi> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="bold">A</mi> </mrow> <mo>=</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <msub> <mi>Q</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>S</mi> </mrow> </msub> <msub> <mi>ϵ</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>0</mn> </mrow> </msub> </mfrac> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \oint _{S}\mathbf {E} \cdot \mathrm {d} \mathbf {A} ={\frac {Q_{S}}{\epsilon _{0}}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/4817c1508a2c10bfa21b1ead367b54c2296eb5cb" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -2.338ex; width:16.785ex; height:5.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \oint _{S}\mathbf {E} \cdot \mathrm {d} \mathbf {A} ={\frac {Q_{S}}{\epsilon _{0}}}}"></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hukum_Gauss_untuk_magnetisme&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hukum Gauss untuk magnetisme (halaman belum tersedia)">Hukum Gauss untuk magnetisme</a>: </td> <td><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \nabla \cdot \mathbf {B} =0}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi mathvariant="normal">∇</mi> <mo>⋅</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="bold">B</mi> </mrow> <mo>=</mo> <mn>0</mn> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \nabla \cdot \mathbf {B} =0}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/16ee950683349dacdd9e9c262ff6133812747edd" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:9.777ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \nabla \cdot \mathbf {B} =0}"></span> </td> <td><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \oint _{S}\mathbf {B} \cdot \mathrm {d} \mathbf {A} =0}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <msub> <mo>∮</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>S</mi> </mrow> </msub> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="bold">B</mi> </mrow> <mo>⋅</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="normal">d</mi> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="bold">A</mi> </mrow> <mo>=</mo> <mn>0</mn> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \oint _{S}\mathbf {B} \cdot \mathrm {d} \mathbf {A} =0}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/79e91c0569752b6bf7ad9b43ad36a846c1940a72" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -2.338ex; width:14.125ex; height:5.676ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \oint _{S}\mathbf {B} \cdot \mathrm {d} \mathbf {A} =0}"></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Persamaan Maxwell-Faraday <br />(<a href="/wiki/Hukum_induksi_Faraday" title="Hukum induksi Faraday">Hukum induksi Faraday</a>): </td> <td><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \nabla \times \mathbf {E} =-{\frac {\partial \mathbf {B} }{\partial t}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi mathvariant="normal">∇</mi> <mo>×</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="bold">E</mi> </mrow> <mo>=</mo> <mo>−</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <mrow> <mi mathvariant="normal">∂</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="bold">B</mi> </mrow> </mrow> <mrow> <mi mathvariant="normal">∂</mi> <mi>t</mi> </mrow> </mfrac> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \nabla \times \mathbf {E} =-{\frac {\partial \mathbf {B} }{\partial t}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/2eb118e22c941e34f5537dbbdcaa3d7ba23603e0" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -2.005ex; width:15.495ex; height:5.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \nabla \times \mathbf {E} =-{\frac {\partial \mathbf {B} }{\partial t}}}"></span> </td> <td><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \oint _{\partial S}\mathbf {E} \cdot \mathrm {d} \mathbf {l} =-{\frac {\partial \Phi _{B,S}}{\partial t}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <msub> <mo>∮</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="normal">∂</mi> <mi>S</mi> </mrow> </msub> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="bold">E</mi> </mrow> <mo>⋅</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="normal">d</mi> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="bold">l</mi> </mrow> <mo>=</mo> <mo>−</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <mrow> <mi mathvariant="normal">∂</mi> <msub> <mi mathvariant="normal">Φ</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>B</mi> <mo>,</mo> <mi>S</mi> </mrow> </msub> </mrow> <mrow> <mi mathvariant="normal">∂</mi> <mi>t</mi> </mrow> </mfrac> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \oint _{\partial S}\mathbf {E} \cdot \mathrm {d} \mathbf {l} =-{\frac {\partial \Phi _{B,S}}{\partial t}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/abb6d266f223acf05edd2439c48af7d735bc5ea0" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -2.338ex; width:21.111ex; height:6.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \oint _{\partial S}\mathbf {E} \cdot \mathrm {d} \mathbf {l} =-{\frac {\partial \Phi _{B,S}}{\partial t}}}"></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Hukum_Ampere" title="Hukum Ampere">Hukum Ampere</a><br /> (dengan koreksi Maxwell): </td> <td><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \nabla \times \mathbf {B} =\mu _{0}\mathbf {J} +\mu _{0}\epsilon _{0}{\frac {\partial \mathbf {E} }{\partial t}}\ }"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi mathvariant="normal">∇</mi> <mo>×</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="bold">B</mi> </mrow> <mo>=</mo> <msub> <mi>μ</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>0</mn> </mrow> </msub> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="bold">J</mi> </mrow> <mo>+</mo> <msub> <mi>μ</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>0</mn> </mrow> </msub> <msub> <mi>ϵ</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>0</mn> </mrow> </msub> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <mrow> <mi mathvariant="normal">∂</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="bold">E</mi> </mrow> </mrow> <mrow> <mi mathvariant="normal">∂</mi> <mi>t</mi> </mrow> </mfrac> </mrow> <mtext> </mtext> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \nabla \times \mathbf {B} =\mu _{0}\mathbf {J} +\mu _{0}\epsilon _{0}{\frac {\partial \mathbf {E} }{\partial t}}\ }</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/3d9d0ca1b03cd08d2611c88325c9626d80aed22e" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -2.005ex; width:25.399ex; height:5.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \nabla \times \mathbf {B} =\mu _{0}\mathbf {J} +\mu _{0}\epsilon _{0}{\frac {\partial \mathbf {E} }{\partial t}}\ }"></span> <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \ }"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mtext> </mtext> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \ }</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/4a1e86a18a8eee8066aa7c7086dfef30726bc9fb" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.171ex; width:0.581ex; height:0.343ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \ }"></span> </td> <td><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \oint _{\partial S}\mathbf {B} \cdot \mathrm {d} \mathbf {l} =\mu _{0}I_{S}+\mu _{0}\epsilon _{0}{\frac {\partial \Phi _{E,S}}{\partial t}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <msub> <mo>∮</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="normal">∂</mi> <mi>S</mi> </mrow> </msub> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="bold">B</mi> </mrow> <mo>⋅</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="normal">d</mi> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="bold">l</mi> </mrow> <mo>=</mo> <msub> <mi>μ</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>0</mn> </mrow> </msub> <msub> <mi>I</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>S</mi> </mrow> </msub> <mo>+</mo> <msub> <mi>μ</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>0</mn> </mrow> </msub> <msub> <mi>ϵ</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>0</mn> </mrow> </msub> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <mrow> <mi mathvariant="normal">∂</mi> <msub> <mi mathvariant="normal">Φ</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>E</mi> <mo>,</mo> <mi>S</mi> </mrow> </msub> </mrow> <mrow> <mi mathvariant="normal">∂</mi> <mi>t</mi> </mrow> </mfrac> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \oint _{\partial S}\mathbf {B} \cdot \mathrm {d} \mathbf {l} =\mu _{0}I_{S}+\mu _{0}\epsilon _{0}{\frac {\partial \Phi _{E,S}}{\partial t}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/a286ebf660dc9b0327e3cd8332dafa75df9592f5" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -2.338ex; width:31.521ex; height:6.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \oint _{\partial S}\mathbf {B} \cdot \mathrm {d} \mathbf {l} =\mu _{0}I_{S}+\mu _{0}\epsilon _{0}{\frac {\partial \Phi _{E,S}}{\partial t}}}"></span> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Tabel berikut menyatakan definisi tiap lambang dan satuan SI-nya: </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Tabel_3:_Definisi_dan_satuan">Tabel 3: Definisi dan satuan</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Persamaan_Maxwell&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Sunting bagian: Tabel 3: Definisi dan satuan" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Persamaan_Maxwell&action=edit&section=5" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Tabel 3: Definisi dan satuan"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable" border="1" cellpadding="8" cellspacing="0"> <tbody><tr> <th>Lambang </th> <th>Arti (yang pertama paling umum) </th> <th>Satuan SI </th></tr> <tr> <td> <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \mathbf {\nabla \cdot } }"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="normal">∇</mi> <mo>⋅</mo> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \mathbf {\nabla \cdot } }</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/248661769c7e43a63585399c03e30bb4b45e2e64" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:2.583ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \mathbf {\nabla \cdot } }"></span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Operator" class="mw-disambig" title="Operator">operator</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Divergensi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Divergensi (halaman belum tersedia)">divergensi</a> </td> <td rowspan="2">per meter (akibat penerapan operator) </td></tr> <tr> <td> <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \mathbf {\nabla \times } }"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="normal">∇</mi> <mo>×</mo> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \mathbf {\nabla \times } }</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/cfa04e00ea32fccb033de175339c6cab180be4ca" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:3.744ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \mathbf {\nabla \times } }"></span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Operator" class="mw-disambig" title="Operator">operator</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Curl&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Curl (halaman belum tersedia)">curl</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td> <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\frac {\partial }{\partial t}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <mi mathvariant="normal">∂</mi> <mrow> <mi mathvariant="normal">∂</mi> <mi>t</mi> </mrow> </mfrac> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\frac {\partial }{\partial t}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/521e1ca46720dbd58a13567163e158e51a6e0e42" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -2.005ex; width:2.994ex; height:5.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\frac {\partial }{\partial t}}}"></span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Turunan_parsial" title="Turunan parsial">turunan parsial</a> terhadap waktu </td> <td>per detik(hasil penerapan operator) </td></tr> <tr> <td> <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \mathbf {E} \ }"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="bold">E</mi> </mrow> <mtext> </mtext> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \mathbf {E} \ }</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/6a420e6c909beab84093b5cde9338e1023850dbb" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:2.338ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \mathbf {E} \ }"></span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Medan_listrik" title="Medan listrik">medan listrik</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Volt" title="Volt">volt</a> per <a href="/wiki/Meter" title="Meter">meter</a> atau (ekivalen), <br /> <a href="/wiki/Newton" title="Newton">newton</a> per <a href="/wiki/Coulomb" title="Coulomb">coulomb</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td> <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \mathbf {B} \ }"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="bold">B</mi> </mrow> <mtext> </mtext> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \mathbf {B} \ }</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/7ef2208847cf23e423f669a2e3eabb7184021308" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:2.482ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \mathbf {B} \ }"></span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Medan_magnet" title="Medan magnet">medan magnet</a> <br /> juga disebut sebagai induksi magnet <br /> juga disebut sebagai kuat medan magnet <br /> juga disebut sebagai rapat fluks magnet </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Tesla_(satuan)" title="Tesla (satuan)">tesla</a>, atau (ekivalen), <br /> <a href="/wiki/Weber_(satuan)" title="Weber (satuan)">weber</a> per <a href="/w/index.php?title=Meter_kuadrat&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Meter kuadrat (halaman belum tersedia)">meter kuadrat</a><br /> <a href="/wiki/Volt" title="Volt">volt</a>•<a href="/wiki/Detik" title="Detik">detik</a> per <a href="/w/index.php?title=Meter_kuadrat&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Meter kuadrat (halaman belum tersedia)">meter kuadrat</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td> <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \mathbf {D} \ }"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="bold">D</mi> </mrow> <mtext> </mtext> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \mathbf {D} \ }</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/7da81171125cf16ef04b883a085dffd5188c16e8" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:2.63ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \mathbf {D} \ }"></span> </td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Medan_pergeseran_listrik&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Medan pergeseran listrik (halaman belum tersedia)">medan pergeseran listrik</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Coulomb" title="Coulomb">coulomb</a> per <a href="/w/index.php?title=Meter_kuadrat&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Meter kuadrat (halaman belum tersedia)">meter kuadrat</a> atau (ekivalen), <br /> <a href="/wiki/Newton" title="Newton">newton</a> per <a href="/wiki/Volt" title="Volt">volt</a>-<a href="/wiki/Meter" title="Meter">meter</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td> <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \mathbf {H} \ }"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="bold">H</mi> </mrow> <mtext> </mtext> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \mathbf {H} \ }</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/247f0ddbc5f93bfefc776e12efa8f300770def67" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:2.672ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \mathbf {H} \ }"></span> </td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Medan_pemagnetan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Medan pemagnetan (halaman belum tersedia)">H</a> <br /> juga disebut sebagai medan magnet bantu (auxiliary magnetic field) <br /> juga disebut sebagai intensitas medan magnet <br /> juga disebut sebagai medan magnet </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Ampere" title="Ampere">ampere</a> per <a href="/wiki/Meter" title="Meter">meter</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td> <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \epsilon _{0}\ }"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <msub> <mi>ϵ</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>0</mn> </mrow> </msub> <mtext> </mtext> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \epsilon _{0}\ }</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/0c9bab93876d670d667d85ad2919a73b161dd8bb" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:2.579ex; height:2.009ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \epsilon _{0}\ }"></span> </td> <td>permitivitas ruang hampa, sebutan resmi adalah <a href="/wiki/Konstanta_listrik" class="mw-redirect" title="Konstanta listrik">konstanta listrik</a>,<br /> tetapan universal </td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Farads&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Farads (halaman belum tersedia)">farads</a> per meter </td></tr> <tr> <td> <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \mu _{0}\ }"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <msub> <mi>μ</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>0</mn> </mrow> </msub> <mtext> </mtext> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \mu _{0}\ }</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/495c66d02d7f60f1d3f57b9853d79a386572dd2a" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:3.037ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \mu _{0}\ }"></span> </td> <td>permeabilitas ruang hampa, sebutan resmi adalah <a href="/wiki/Konstanta_magnetik" class="mw-redirect" title="Konstanta magnetik">konstanta magnetik</a>,<br /> tetapan universal </td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Henry(satuan)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Henry(satuan) (halaman belum tersedia)">henry</a> per meter, atau newton per ampere kuadrat </td></tr> <tr> <td> <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \ \rho _{f}\ }"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mtext> </mtext> <msub> <mi>ρ</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>f</mi> </mrow> </msub> <mtext> </mtext> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \ \rho _{f}\ }</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/f11f6a0bc8c4d197ef6214420bae4d5e5f3b0ca8" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.005ex; width:3.5ex; height:2.343ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \ \rho _{f}\ }"></span> </td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rapat_muatan_bebas&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rapat muatan bebas (halaman belum tersedia)">rapat muatan bebas</a> (tidak termasuk muatan terikat) </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Coulomb" title="Coulomb">coulomb</a> per <a href="/wiki/Meter_kubik" title="Meter kubik">meter kubik</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td> <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \ \rho \ }"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mtext> </mtext> <mi>ρ</mi> <mtext> </mtext> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \ \rho \ }</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/8d7dff7ad612756660f48dc7d749cccd21947e34" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:2.363ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \ \rho \ }"></span> </td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rapat_muatan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rapat muatan (halaman belum tersedia)">rapat muatan</a> total (termasuk <a href="/w/index.php?title=Muatan_bebas&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Muatan bebas (halaman belum tersedia)">muatan bebas</a> dan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Muatan_terikat&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Muatan terikat (halaman belum tersedia)">muatan terikat</a>) </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Coulomb" title="Coulomb">coulomb</a> per <a href="/wiki/Meter_kubik" title="Meter kubik">meter kubik</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td> <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \oint _{S}\mathbf {E\cdot \mathrm {d} A} }"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <msub> <mo>∮</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>S</mi> </mrow> </msub> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="bold">E</mi> <mo>⋅</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="normal">d</mi> </mrow> <mi mathvariant="bold">A</mi> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \oint _{S}\mathbf {E\cdot \mathrm {d} A} }</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/6c81f0d299e856491b347b7396d0d78b5b75a807" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -2.338ex; width:9.72ex; height:5.676ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \oint _{S}\mathbf {E\cdot \mathrm {d} A} }"></span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Fluks_listrik" title="Fluks listrik">fluks</a> medan magnet pada permukaan Gauss tertutup S </td> <td>joule-meter per coulomb </td></tr> <tr> <td> <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle Q_{f,S}\ }"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <msub> <mi>Q</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>f</mi> <mo>,</mo> <mi>S</mi> </mrow> </msub> <mtext> </mtext> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle Q_{f,S}\ }</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/7d056e72d14402450f8e6caba983c6425850ecec" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.005ex; width:5.073ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle Q_{f,S}\ }"></span> </td> <td>muatan bebas netto yang ditutup oleh <br /> permukaan Gauss S (tidak termasuk muatan terikat) </td> <td>coulomb </td></tr> <tr> <td> <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle Q_{S}\ }"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <msub> <mi>Q</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>S</mi> </mrow> </msub> <mtext> </mtext> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle Q_{S}\ }</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/15e02f92e818e32a44a0629fab2afc253a9d661f" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:3.711ex; height:2.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle Q_{S}\ }"></span> </td> <td>muatan netto yang ditutupi oleh <br />permukaan Gauss S (termasuk muatan bebas dan terikat) </td> <td>coulomb </td></tr> <tr> <td> <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \oint _{S}\mathbf {B\cdot \mathrm {d} A} }"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <msub> <mo>∮</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>S</mi> </mrow> </msub> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="bold">B</mi> <mo>⋅</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="normal">d</mi> </mrow> <mi mathvariant="bold">A</mi> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \oint _{S}\mathbf {B\cdot \mathrm {d} A} }</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/9fbe32e3987bcbe4887ae5b61e1715bd819cc721" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -2.338ex; width:9.864ex; height:5.676ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \oint _{S}\mathbf {B\cdot \mathrm {d} A} }"></span> </td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fluks_magnet&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fluks magnet (halaman belum tersedia)">fluks</a> medan magnet pada permukaan tertutup S </td> <td>tesla meter kuadrat atau weber </td></tr> <tr> <td> <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \oint _{\partial S}\mathbf {E} \cdot \mathrm {d} \mathbf {l} }"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <msub> <mo>∮</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="normal">∂</mi> <mi>S</mi> </mrow> </msub> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="bold">E</mi> </mrow> <mo>⋅</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="normal">d</mi> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="bold">l</mi> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \oint _{\partial S}\mathbf {E} \cdot \mathrm {d} \mathbf {l} }</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/bbe7838e05cf3f8501faef1bc1de6263fa39920c" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -2.338ex; width:9.375ex; height:5.676ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \oint _{\partial S}\mathbf {E} \cdot \mathrm {d} \mathbf {l} }"></span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Integral_garis" title="Integral garis">integral garis</a> medan listrik sepanjang batas ∂S<br />(dan karenanya adalah kurva tertutup) permukaan S </td> <td>joule per coulomb </td></tr> <tr> <td> <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \Phi _{B,S}=\int _{S}\mathbf {B} \cdot \mathrm {d} \mathbf {A} }"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <msub> <mi mathvariant="normal">Φ</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>B</mi> <mo>,</mo> <mi>S</mi> </mrow> </msub> <mo>=</mo> <msub> <mo>∫</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>S</mi> </mrow> </msub> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="bold">B</mi> </mrow> <mo>⋅</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="normal">d</mi> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="bold">A</mi> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \Phi _{B,S}=\int _{S}\mathbf {B} \cdot \mathrm {d} \mathbf {A} }</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/b9e5121e6f48a1f2923dff68cb4c2591202be62b" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -2.338ex; width:17.638ex; height:5.676ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \Phi _{B,S}=\int _{S}\mathbf {B} \cdot \mathrm {d} \mathbf {A} }"></span> </td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fluks_magnet&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fluks magnet (halaman belum tersedia)">fluks magnet</a> pada sembarang permukaan S (tidak mesti tertutup) </td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Weber_(unit)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Weber (unit) (halaman belum tersedia)">weber</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td> <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \mathbf {J} _{f}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <msub> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="bold">J</mi> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>f</mi> </mrow> </msub> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \mathbf {J} _{f}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/593077e170e34595f269859b684135bf269d765a" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.005ex; width:2.517ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \mathbf {J} _{f}}"></span> </td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rapat_arus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rapat arus (halaman belum tersedia)">rapat arus</a> bebas (tidak termasuk arus terikat) </td> <td>ampere per meter kuadrat </td></tr> <tr> <td> <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \mathbf {J} }"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="bold">J</mi> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \mathbf {J} }</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/7686846b1a6b756cb514954000004ab5e7b2a5ba" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.381ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \mathbf {J} }"></span> </td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rapat_arus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rapat arus (halaman belum tersedia)">rapat arus</a> (termasuk arus bebas dan terikat) </td> <td>ampere per meter kuadrat </td></tr> <tr> <td> <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \oint _{\partial S}\mathbf {B} \cdot \mathrm {d} \mathbf {l} }"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <msub> <mo>∮</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="normal">∂</mi> <mi>S</mi> </mrow> </msub> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="bold">B</mi> </mrow> <mo>⋅</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="normal">d</mi> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="bold">l</mi> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \oint _{\partial S}\mathbf {B} \cdot \mathrm {d} \mathbf {l} }</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/adebed739ffe8c5505789d368288db4cfc208417" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -2.338ex; width:9.519ex; height:5.676ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \oint _{\partial S}\mathbf {B} \cdot \mathrm {d} \mathbf {l} }"></span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Integral_garis" title="Integral garis">integral garis</a> medan magnet pada<br /> batas tertutup ∂S permukaan S </td> <td>tesla-meter </td></tr> <tr> <td> <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle I_{f,S}=\int _{S}\mathbf {J} _{f}\cdot \mathrm {d} \mathbf {A} }"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <msub> <mi>I</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>f</mi> <mo>,</mo> <mi>S</mi> </mrow> </msub> <mo>=</mo> <msub> <mo>∫</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>S</mi> </mrow> </msub> <msub> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="bold">J</mi> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>f</mi> </mrow> </msub> <mo>⋅</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="normal">d</mi> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="bold">A</mi> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle I_{f,S}=\int _{S}\mathbf {J} _{f}\cdot \mathrm {d} \mathbf {A} }</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/eceec410db4b64cb2fa5a80f87e29af1a2f9f13d" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -2.338ex; width:17.256ex; height:5.676ex;" alt="{\displaystyle I_{f,S}=\int _{S}\mathbf {J} _{f}\cdot \mathrm {d} \mathbf {A} }"></span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Arus_listrik" title="Arus listrik">arus listrik</a> bebas netto yang melewati<br />permukaan S (tidak termasuk arus terikat) </td> <td>ampere </td></tr> <tr> <td> <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle I_{S}=\int _{S}\mathbf {J} \cdot \mathrm {d} \mathbf {A} }"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <msub> <mi>I</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>S</mi> </mrow> </msub> <mo>=</mo> <msub> <mo>∫</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>S</mi> </mrow> </msub> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="bold">J</mi> </mrow> <mo>⋅</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="normal">d</mi> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="bold">A</mi> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle I_{S}=\int _{S}\mathbf {J} \cdot \mathrm {d} \mathbf {A} }</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/782449cb4014bb8eb37760a8895cea713dc9bbc8" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -2.338ex; width:14.758ex; height:5.676ex;" alt="{\displaystyle I_{S}=\int _{S}\mathbf {J} \cdot \mathrm {d} \mathbf {A} }"></span> </td> <td>arus listrik netto yang melewati<br />permukaan S (termasuk arus bebas dan terikat) </td> <td>amperes </td></tr> <tr> <td> <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \Phi _{E,S}=\int _{S}\mathbf {E} \cdot \mathrm {d} \mathbf {A} }"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <msub> <mi mathvariant="normal">Φ</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>E</mi> <mo>,</mo> <mi>S</mi> </mrow> </msub> <mo>=</mo> <msub> <mo>∫</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>S</mi> </mrow> </msub> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="bold">E</mi> </mrow> <mo>⋅</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="normal">d</mi> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="bold">A</mi> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \Phi _{E,S}=\int _{S}\mathbf {E} \cdot \mathrm {d} \mathbf {A} }</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/82b516d10b4a41d515b0170fea45aa5ee27d38df" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -2.338ex; width:17.502ex; height:5.676ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \Phi _{E,S}=\int _{S}\mathbf {E} \cdot \mathrm {d} \mathbf {A} }"></span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Fluks_listrik" title="Fluks listrik">fluks listrik</a> melalui sembarang permukaan S, tidak mesti tertutup </td> <td>joule-meter per coulomb </td></tr> <tr> <td> <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \Phi _{D,S}=\int _{S}\mathbf {D} \cdot \mathrm {d} \mathbf {A} }"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <msub> <mi mathvariant="normal">Φ</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>D</mi> <mo>,</mo> <mi>S</mi> </mrow> </msub> <mo>=</mo> <msub> <mo>∫</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>S</mi> </mrow> </msub> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="bold">D</mi> </mrow> <mo>⋅</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="normal">d</mi> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="bold">A</mi> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \Phi _{D,S}=\int _{S}\mathbf {D} \cdot \mathrm {d} \mathbf {A} }</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/851df9de822341f3d7e0e32e38a564b6aa60776b" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -2.338ex; width:17.9ex; height:5.676ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \Phi _{D,S}=\int _{S}\mathbf {D} \cdot \mathrm {d} \mathbf {A} }"></span> </td> <td>fluks <a href="/w/index.php?title=Medan_pergeseran_listrik&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Medan pergeseran listrik (halaman belum tersedia)">medan pergeseran listrik</a> melalui sembarang permukaan S, tidak mesti tertutup </td> <td>coulomb </td></tr> <tr> <td> <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \mathrm {d} \mathbf {A} }"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="normal">d</mi> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="bold">A</mi> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \mathrm {d} \mathbf {A} }</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/dcb098ea01f39ce46f149edb8ea8b6992cfc74ee" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:3.312ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \mathrm {d} \mathbf {A} }"></span> </td> <td>elemen vektor <a href="/wiki/Diferensial" class="mw-redirect" title="Diferensial">diferensial</a> area permukaan <i>A</i>, dengan magnitudo dan arah infinitesimal <br /> <p>normal terhadap permukaan <i>S</i> </p> </td> <td>meter kuadrat </td></tr> <tr> <td> <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \mathrm {d} \mathbf {l} }"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="normal">d</mi> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="bold">l</mi> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \mathrm {d} \mathbf {l} }</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/b84af36aca7673f9eab4e77cdd522442f9b9ccf9" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:2.035ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \mathrm {d} \mathbf {l} }"></span> </td> <td>elemen vektor diferensial panjang lintasan <a href="/wiki/Garis_singgung" title="Garis singgung">bersinggungan</a> terhadap <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kontur&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kontur (halaman belum tersedia)">kontur</a> </td> <td>meter </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Persamaan Maxwell secara umum diterapkan pada <i>rata-rata makroskopik</i> dari medan, yang sangat bervariasi pada skala mikroskopik di sekitar masing-masing atom (di tempat tersebut medan juga mengalami efek <a href="/wiki/Mekanika_kuantum" title="Mekanika kuantum">kuantum</a>). Hanya bila dipahami sebagai rata-rata kita dapat mendefinisikan besaran seperti <a href="/wiki/Permitivitas" title="Permitivitas">permitivitas</a> dan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Permeabilitas_magnet&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Permeabilitas magnet (halaman belum tersedia)">permeabilitas magnet</a> bahan. Pada aras mikroskopik, persamaan Maxwell, dengan mengabaikan efek kuantum, mendeskripsikan medan, muatan dan arus dalam <a href="/wiki/Ruang_hampa" class="mw-redirect" title="Ruang hampa">ruang hampa</a>, namun pada level rincian ini kita harus memperhitungkan setiap muatan, bahkan pada level atomik, yang secara umum merupakan masalah yang tidak terpecahkan (<i>intractable</i>). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Referensi">Referensi</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Persamaan_Maxwell&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Sunting bagian: Referensi" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Persamaan_Maxwell&action=edit&section=6" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Referensi"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r18833634">.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%;margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Griffiths-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Griffiths_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <cite class="citation book">David J Griffiths (1999). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://worldcat.org/isbn/013805326X"><i>Introduction to electrodynamics</i></a> (edisi ke-Third Edition). Prentice Hall. hlm. pp. 559-562. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/013805326X" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/013805326X">013805326X</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Introduction+to+electrodynamics&rft.pages=pp.+559-562&rft.edition=Third+Edition&rft.pub=Prentice+Hall&rft.date=1999&rft.isbn=013805326X&rft.au=David+J+Griffiths&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fworldcat.org%2Fisbn%2F013805326X&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3APersamaan+Maxwell" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span><span class="citation-comment" style="display:none; color:#33aa33; margin-left:0.3em">Pemeliharaan CS1: Teks tambahan (<a href="/wiki/Kategori:Pemeliharaan_CS1:_Teks_tambahan" title="Kategori:Pemeliharaan CS1: Teks tambahan">link</a>) </span></span> </li> </ol></div></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Diperoleh dari "<a dir="ltr" href="https://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Persamaan_Maxwell&oldid=26403409">https://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Persamaan_Maxwell&oldid=26403409</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Daftar_kategori" title="Istimewa:Daftar kategori">Kategori</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Persamaan_diferensial_parsial" title="Kategori:Persamaan diferensial parsial">Persamaan diferensial parsial</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Persamaan_diferensial" title="Kategori:Persamaan diferensial">Persamaan diferensial</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Persamaan_matematika" title="Kategori:Persamaan matematika">Persamaan matematika</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Persamaan_fisika" title="Kategori:Persamaan fisika">Persamaan fisika</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Persamaan" title="Kategori:Persamaan">Persamaan</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Kategori tersembunyi: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Pemeliharaan_CS1:_Teks_tambahan" title="Kategori:Pemeliharaan CS1: Teks tambahan">Pemeliharaan CS1: Teks tambahan</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> Halaman ini terakhir diubah pada 10 Oktober 2024, pukul 08.00.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Teks tersedia di bawah <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en">Lisensi Atribusi-BerbagiSerupa Creative Commons</a>; ketentuan tambahan mungkin berlaku. 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