CERN70: From physics to medicine

<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en" dir="ltr" prefix="content: http://purl.org/rss/1.0/modules/content/ dc: http://purl.org/dc/terms/ foaf: http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/ og: http://ogp.me/ns# rdfs: http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema# schema: http://schema.org/ sioc: http://rdfs.org/sioc/ns# sioct: http://rdfs.org/sioc/types# skos: http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core# xsd: http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema# "> <head> <meta charset="utf-8" /> <script>var _paq = _paq || [];(function(){var u=(("https:" == document.location.protocol) ? "https://webanalytics.web.cern.ch/" : "http://webanalytics.web.cern.ch/");_paq.push(["setSiteId", "22"]);_paq.push(["setTrackerUrl", u+"matomo.php"]);_paq.push(["setDoNotTrack", 1]);if (!window.matomo_search_results_active) {_paq.push(["trackPageView"]);}_paq.push(["setIgnoreClasses", ["no-tracking","colorbox"]]);_paq.push(["enableLinkTracking"]);var d=document,g=d.createElement("script"),s=d.getElementsByTagName("script")[0];g.type="text/javascript";g.defer=true;g.async=true;g.src=u+"matomo.js";s.parentNode.insertBefore(g,s);})();</script> <meta name="keywords" content="physics, CERN, Large Hadron Collider, LHC, high-energy physics, particles, science" /> <link rel="canonical" href="https://home.cern/news/series/cern70/cern70-physics-medicine" /> <meta property="og:site_name" content="CERN" /> <meta property="og:type" content="website" /> <meta property="og:url" content="https://home.cern/news/series/cern70/cern70-physics-medicine" /> <meta property="og:title" content="CERN70: From physics to medicine" /> <meta property="og:description" content="Ugo Amaldi helped create a European network of cancer therapy centres using beams of ions, in particular carbon ions" /> <meta property="og:image" content="https://cds.cern.ch/images//file?size=large" /> <meta name="twitter:card" content="summary_large_image" /> <meta name="twitter:description" content="Ugo Amaldi helped create a European network of cancer therapy centres using beams of ions, in particular carbon ions" /> <meta name="twitter:site" content="@cern" /> <meta name="twitter:title" content="CERN70: From physics to medicine" /> <meta name="twitter:image" content="https://cds.cern.ch/images//file?size=large" /> <meta name="Generator" content="Drupal 10 (https://www.drupal.org)" /> <meta name="MobileOptimized" content="width" /> <meta name="HandheldFriendly" content="true" /> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0" /> <link rel="icon" href="/sites/default/themes/custom/cernpublic/favicon.ico" type="image/vnd.microsoft.icon" /> <link rel="alternate" hreflang="en" href="https://home.cern/news/series/cern70/cern70-physics-medicine" /> <link rel="alternate" hreflang="fr" href="https://home.cern/fr/news/series/cern70/cern70-physics-medicine" /> <title>CERN70: From physics to medicine | CERN</title> <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="/modules/custom/cern-loading/css/cern_loading.css?sr5yaa" /> <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="//framework.web.cern.ch/framework/3.0/js/owlcarousel/css/owl.carousel.css" /> <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="//framework.web.cern.ch/framework/3.0/js/owlcarousel/css/owl.theme.default.css" /> <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="/core/modules/system/css/components/align.module.css?sr5yaa" /> <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="/core/modules/system/css/components/fieldgroup.module.css?sr5yaa" /> <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="/core/modules/system/css/components/container-inline.module.css?sr5yaa" /> <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="/core/modules/system/css/components/clearfix.module.css?sr5yaa" /> <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="/core/modules/system/css/components/details.module.css?sr5yaa" /> <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="/core/modules/system/css/components/hidden.module.css?sr5yaa" /> <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="/core/modules/system/css/components/item-list.module.css?sr5yaa" /> <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="/core/modules/system/css/components/js.module.css?sr5yaa" /> <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="/core/modules/system/css/components/nowrap.module.css?sr5yaa" /> <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="/core/modules/system/css/components/position-container.module.css?sr5yaa" /> <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="/core/modules/system/css/components/reset-appearance.module.css?sr5yaa" /> <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="/core/modules/system/css/components/resize.module.css?sr5yaa" /> <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="/core/modules/system/css/components/system-status-counter.css?sr5yaa" /> <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="/core/modules/system/css/components/system-status-report-counters.css?sr5yaa" /> <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="/core/modules/system/css/components/system-status-report-general-info.css?sr5yaa" /> <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="/core/modules/system/css/components/tablesort.module.css?sr5yaa" /> <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="/core/misc/components/progress.module.css?sr5yaa" /> <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="/core/modules/views/css/views.module.css?sr5yaa" /> <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="/modules/custom/cern-components/patterns/molecules/preview-card/css/component-preview-card.css?sr5yaa" /> <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="/modules/custom/cern-components/patterns/molecules/row/css/row.component.css?sr5yaa" /> <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="/modules/custom/cern-components/patterns/molecules/text/css/text.component.css?sr5yaa" /> <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="/core/modules/filter/css/filter.caption.css?sr5yaa" /> <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="/modules/custom/cern-components/patterns/molecules/margin/css/margin.component.css?sr5yaa" /> <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="/modules/custom/cern-components/patterns/atoms/background/css/background.component.css?sr5yaa" /> <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="/modules/custom/cern-components/patterns/molecules/header-blocks/css/header_blocks.css?sr5yaa" /> <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="/modules/custom/cern-components/patterns/molecules/header-block/css/header-component.css?sr5yaa" /> <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="/modules/custom/cern-toolbar/assets/css/screen.css?sr5yaa" /> <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="/modules/custom/cern-toolbar/assets/css/cookieconsent.css?sr5yaa" /> <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="/modules/custom/cern-components/patterns/molecules/menu/css/menu.component.css?sr5yaa" /> <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="/modules/contrib/paragraphs/css/paragraphs.unpublished.css?sr5yaa" /> <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="/sites/default/files/color/cernpublic-ac827e9a/colors.css?sr5yaa" /> <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="/sites/default/themes/custom/cernbase/css/base.css?sr5yaa" /> <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="/sites/default/themes/custom/cernbase/css/layout.css?sr5yaa" /> <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="//framework.web.cern.ch/framework/3.0/js/prism/prism.css" /> <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="/sites/default/themes/custom/cernbase/css/components/footer.css?sr5yaa" /> <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="/sites/default/themes/custom/cernbase/css/components/header.css?sr5yaa" /> <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="/sites/default/themes/custom/cernbase/css/components/pagination.css?sr5yaa" /> <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="/sites/default/themes/custom/cernbase/css/components/forms.css?sr5yaa" /> <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="/sites/default/themes/custom/cernbase/css/components/fields.css?sr5yaa" /> <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="/sites/default/themes/custom/cernbase/css/components/dropdown.css?sr5yaa" /> <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="/sites/default/themes/custom/cernbase/css/components/progress.css?sr5yaa" /> <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="/sites/default/themes/custom/cernbase/css/components/accordion.css?sr5yaa" /> <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="/sites/default/themes/custom/cernbase/css/components/social-sharing.css?sr5yaa" /> <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="//framework.web.cern.ch/framework/3.0/js/colorbox/colorbox.css" /> <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="/sites/default/themes/custom/cernbase/css/theme.css?sr5yaa" /> <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="/sites/default/themes/custom/cernbase/css/cookies.css?sr5yaa" /> <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="/sites/default/themes/custom/cernbase/css/viewspage.css?sr5yaa" /> <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="/sites/default/themes/custom/cernbase/css/views/faq-views.css?sr5yaa" /> <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="/sites/default/themes/custom/cernbase/css/views/agenda-views.css?sr5yaa" /> <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="/sites/default/themes/custom/cernbase/css/views/news-views.css?sr5yaa" /> <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="/sites/default/themes/custom/cernbase/css/views/stories-views.css?sr5yaa" /> <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="/sites/default/themes/custom/cernbase/css/views/resources-views.css?sr5yaa" /> <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="/sites/default/themes/custom/cernbase/css/views/taxonomies-views.css?sr5yaa" /> <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="/sites/default/themes/custom/cernbase/css/views/search-views.css?sr5yaa" /> <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="/sites/default/themes/custom/cernbase/css/views/common-views.css?sr5yaa" /> <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="/sites/default/themes/custom/cernbase/css/views/generic-views.css?sr5yaa" /> <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="/sites/default/themes/custom/cernpublic/css/layout.css?sr5yaa" /> <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="/sites/default/themes/custom/cernpublic/css/overrides.css?sr5yaa" /> <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="/sites/default/themes/custom/cernpublic/css/header.css?sr5yaa" /> <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="/sites/default/themes/custom/cernpublic/css/views.css?sr5yaa" /> <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="/sites/default/themes/custom/cernpublic/css/blocks.css?sr5yaa" /> <link rel="preload" href="//framework.web.cern.ch/framework/3.0/images/loader.gif" as="image"> </head> <body class="page-node-191293 page-node-type-feature_story_page cern-theme-on path-node page-node-type-feature-story-page has-glyphicons"> <a href="#main-content" class="visually-hidden focusable skip-link"> Skip to main content </a> <div id="cern-global-loading-layout"><span><span></span></span><span></span></div><div id="cern-toolbar" role="group" aria-label="CERN Toolbar" class="user-not-authenticated"> <h1> <a href="//home.cern" title="CERN"> CERN <span>Accelerating science</span> </a> </h1> <ul> <li class="signin"> <div class="item-list item-list-length-1"> <ul class="cern-signedin toolbar-submenu"><li class="cern-account-links"><a href="https://home.cern/user/login?destination=news/series/cern70/cern70-physics-medicine" class="cern-account cern-signin cern-single-mobile-signin">Sign in</a></li></ul> </div> </li> <li><a href="//cern.ch/directory" class="cern-directory" title="Search CERN resources and browse the directory">Directory</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="dialog-off-canvas-main-canvas" data-off-canvas-main-canvas> <header role="banner"> <div class="header-wrapper"> <div class="site-info col-xs-12 col-sm-2 col-md-3 col-lg-4"> <div class="site-info__logo col-lg-3 col-md-3 col-sm-3"> <a href="/" title="Home" rel="home"> <img src="/sites/default/files/logo/cern-logo.png" alt="home"/> </a> </div> <div class="site-info__text col-lg-9 col-md-9 col-sm-0 col-xs-9"> </div> </div> <div class="site-nav col-xs-12 col-sm-10 col-md-9 col-lg-8"> <div class="region region-header"> <section id="block-cernmegamenu" class="block block-block-content block-block-content51503ac3-f37a-4ef6-9d9e-34cac1020012 clearfix"> <div class="field field--name-field-b-menu field--type-entity-reference-revisions field--label-hidden field--item"><nav role="navigation" aria-labelledby="block-mainnavigation-menu" id="block-mainnavigation" class="block-mainnavigation-cern-megamenu"> <nav class="navbar navbar-default"> <div class="container-fluid">  <div class="navbar-header"> <button type="button" class="navbar-toggle collapsed" data-toggle="collapse" data-target="#bs-example-navbar-collapse-1" aria-expanded="false"> <span class="sr-only">Toggle navigation</span> <span class="icon-bar"></span> <span class="icon-bar"></span> <span class="icon-bar"></span> </button> </div>  <div class="collapse navbar-collapse" id="bs-example-navbar-collapse-1"> <ul class="nav navbar-nav"> <li class="cern-dropdown"> <a class="dropdown-toggle"> About </a> <div class="cern-dropdown-menu row"> <div class="col-xs-12 col-sm-12 col-md-4 col-lg-4 col-item-megamenu"> <div class="block-custom-wrapper block-content block-content--type-basic block-content--view-mode-default ds-1col clearfix"> <div class="field field--name-body field--type-text-with-summary field--label-hidden field--item"><h2>CERN</h2> <p>At CERN, we probe the fundamental structure of particles that make up everything around us. We do so using the world's largest and most complex scientific instruments.</p> <p class="cern-btn"><a class="cern-btn" href="/about">Know more</a></p> </div> </div> </div> <div class="col-xs-0 col-sm-0 col-md-8 col-lg-8 col-item-megamenu"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-xs-12 col-sm-12 col-md-4 col-lg-4 col-item-megamenu"> <ul class="cern-submenu"> <li> <p class="h2 cernmenu-level-0"> <a href="/about/who-we-are" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/5898">Who we are</a> </p> <ul class=""> <li> <p class=" cernmenu-level-1 cernmenu-level-last "> <a href="/about/who-we-are/our-mission" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/5273">Our Mission</a> </p> </li> <li> <p class=" cernmenu-level-1 cernmenu-level-last "> <a href="/about/who-we-are/our-governance" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/5277">Our Governance</a> </p> </li> <li> <p class=" cernmenu-level-1 cernmenu-level-last "> <a href="/about/who-we-are/our-governance/member-states" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/5278">Our Member States</a> </p> </li> <li> <p class=" cernmenu-level-1 cernmenu-level-last "> <a href="/about/who-we-are/our-history" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/5028">Our History</a> </p> </li> <li> <p class=" cernmenu-level-1 cernmenu-level-last "> <a href="/about/who-we-are/our-people" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/5430">Our People</a> </p> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> <div class="col-xs-12 col-sm-12 col-md-4 col-lg-4 col-item-megamenu"> <ul class="cern-submenu"> <li> <p class="h2 cernmenu-level-0"> <a href="/about/what-we-do" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/5899">What we do</a> </p> <ul class=""> <li> <p class=" cernmenu-level-1 cernmenu-level-last "> <a href="/about/what-we-do/fundamental-research" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/5920">Fundamental research</a> </p> </li> <li> <p class=" cernmenu-level-1 cernmenu-level-last "> <a href="/about/what-we-do/our-impact" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/5435">Contribute to society</a> </p> </li> <li> <p class=" cernmenu-level-1 cernmenu-level-last "> <a href="/about/what-we-do/environmentally-responsible-research" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/185640">Environmentally responsible research</a> </p> </li> <li> <p class=" cernmenu-level-1 cernmenu-level-last "> <a href="/about/what-we-do/bring-nations-together" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/157979">Bring nations together</a> </p> </li> <li> <p class=" cernmenu-level-1 cernmenu-level-last "> <a href="/about/what-we-do/inspire-educate" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/9390">Inspire and educate</a> </p> </li> <li> <p class=" cernmenu-level-1 cernmenu-level-last "> <a href="/resources/faqs" data-drupal-link-system-path="resources/faqs">Fast facts and FAQs</a> </p> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> <div class="col-xs-12 col-sm-12 col-md-4 col-lg-4 col-item-megamenu"> <ul class="cern-submenu"> <li> <p class="h2 cernmenu-level-0 cernmenu-level-last "> <a href="/about/key-achievements" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/5497">Key Achievements</a> </p> </li> </ul> <div class="block-custom-wrapper block-content block-content--type-basic block-content--view-mode-default ds-1col clearfix"> <div class="field field--name-field-visible-title field--type-string field--label-hidden field--item"> <p>Key achievements submenu</p> </div> <div class="field field--name-body field--type-text-with-summary field--label-hidden field--item"><ul class="cern-submenu custom-block-submenu"> <li> <p class="cernmenu-level-1 cernmenu-level-last "><a href="/science/physics/higgs-boson">The Higgs Boson</a></p> </li> <li> <p class="cernmenu-level-1 cernmenu-level-last "><a href="/science/physics/w-boson-sunshine-and-stardust">The W boson</a></p> </li> <li> <p class="cernmenu-level-1 cernmenu-level-last "><a href="/science/physics/z-boson">The Z boson</a></p> </li> <li> <p class="cernmenu-level-1 cernmenu-level-last "><a href="/science/accelerators/large-hadron-collider">The Large Hadron Collider</a></p> </li> <li> <p class="cernmenu-level-1 cernmenu-level-last "><a href="/science/computing/birth-web">The Birth of the web</a></p> </li> <li> <p class="cernmenu-level-1 cernmenu-level-last "><a href="/science/physics/antimatter">Antimatter</a></p> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div class="col-xs-12 col-sm-12 col-md-4 col-lg-4 col-item-megamenu"> </div> </div> </div> <div class="close-cern-dropdown"></div> </div> </li> <li class="cern-dropdown"> <a class="dropdown-toggle"> News </a> <div class="cern-dropdown-menu row"> <div class="col-xs-12 col-sm-12 col-md-6 col-lg-6 col-item-megamenu"> <div class="views-element-container form-group"> <div class="view view-cern-news-menu-featured view-id-cern_news_menu_featured view-display-id-block_1 js-view-dom-id-ce19140331142430eb47ab463f83e0c6a053fa9dd25ef68d01b640f107081839 cern-view-display-block cern-view-display-block_1 clearfix"> <div class="view-header"> Featured news, updates, stories, opinions, announcements </div> <div class="view-content clearfix"> <div class="views-row"> <div data-history-node-id="191722" id="preview-card" class="component-preview-cards box-pattern news_page" style="background:url('/sites/default/files/styles/large/public/2025-01/Amanda%20Metzger_2%20%281%29.jpg?itok=ck8Q17Fu') no-repeat center center / cover" data-background="/sites/default/files/styles/large/public/2025-01/Amanda%20Metzger_2%20%281%29.jpg?itok=ck8Q17Fu" class="component-preview-cards box-pattern news_page"> <a class="box-link" target="" href="/news/news/cern/swiss-artist-amanda-e-metzger-selected-connect-residency"></a> <div class="component-preview-cards__veil"></div> <div class="component-preview-cards__box_wrapper"> <div class="component-preview-cards__box"> <div class="preview-card__title"> <h3 class="standard-title"> <a href="/news/news/cern/swiss-artist-amanda-e-metzger-selected-connect-residency" hreflang="en" title="Swiss artist Amanda E. Metzger selected for the Connect residency"> <span> Swiss artist Amanda E. Metzger selected for t... </span> </a> </h3> </div> <div class="preview-card__body"></div> <div class="preview-cards__subtext"> <div class="preview-card__category" style="color:"> At CERN </div> <div class="preview-card__category" style="color:"> News </div> <div class="preview-card__date" style="color:"> <time datetime="2025-01-30T13:00:00Z">30 January, 2025</time> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="views-row"> <div data-history-node-id="191421" id="preview-card--2" class="component-preview-cards box-pattern system_page" style="background:url('/sites/default/files/styles/large/public/2024-12/202204-064_375.jpg?itok=nP87BzBh') no-repeat center center / cover" data-background="/sites/default/files/styles/large/public/2024-12/202204-064_375.jpg?itok=nP87BzBh" class="component-preview-cards box-pattern system_page"> <a class="box-link" target="" href="/news/press-release/physics/cloud-experiment-resolves-puzzle-new-aerosol-particles-upper-troposphere"></a> <div class="component-preview-cards__veil"></div> <div class="component-preview-cards__box_wrapper"> <div class="component-preview-cards__box"> <div class="preview-card__title"> <h3 class="standard-title"> <a href="/news/press-release/physics/cloud-experiment-resolves-puzzle-new-aerosol-particles-upper-troposphere" hreflang="en" title="CLOUD experiment resolves puzzle of new aerosol particles in upper troposphere"> <span> CLOUD experiment resolves puzzle of new aeros... </span> </a> </h3> </div> <div class="preview-card__body"></div> <div class="preview-cards__subtext"> <div class="preview-card__category" style="color:"> Physics </div> <div class="preview-card__category" style="color:"> Press release </div> <div class="preview-card__date" style="color:"> <time datetime="2024-12-04T16:00:10Z">4 December, 2024</time> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="views-row"> <div data-history-node-id="191397" id="preview-card--3" class="component-preview-cards box-pattern system_page" style="background:url('/sites/default/files/styles/large/public/2024-11/Montclar.jpg?itok=1v3MFmuM') no-repeat center center / cover" data-background="/sites/default/files/styles/large/public/2024-11/Montclar.jpg?itok=1v3MFmuM" class="component-preview-cards box-pattern system_page"> <a class="box-link" target="" href="/news/news/engineering/cern-signs-long-term-solar-power-agreements"></a> <div class="component-preview-cards__veil"></div> <div class="component-preview-cards__box_wrapper"> <div class="component-preview-cards__box"> <div class="preview-card__title"> <h3 class="standard-title"> <a href="/news/news/engineering/cern-signs-long-term-solar-power-agreements" hreflang="en" title="CERN signs long-term solar power agreements"> <span> CERN signs long-term solar power agreements </span> </a> </h3> </div> <div class="preview-card__body"></div> <div class="preview-cards__subtext"> <div class="preview-card__category" style="color:"> Engineering </div> <div class="preview-card__category" style="color:"> News </div> <div class="preview-card__date" style="color:"> <time datetime="2024-11-29T15:13:12Z">29 November, 2024</time> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="views-row"> <div data-history-node-id="191408" id="preview-card" class="component-preview-cards box-pattern news_page" style="background:url('/sites/default/files/styles/large/public/2024-11/Poster%20Formats_FR4_0.jpg?itok=yYzgz9Jw') no-repeat center center / cover" data-background="/sites/default/files/styles/large/public/2024-11/Poster%20Formats_FR4_0.jpg?itok=yYzgz9Jw" class="component-preview-cards box-pattern news_page"> <a class="box-link" target="" href="/news/news/cern/cern-launches-resonance-new-arts-collaboration-republic-and-canton-geneva-and-city"></a> <div class="component-preview-cards__veil"></div> <div class="component-preview-cards__box_wrapper"> <div class="component-preview-cards__box"> <div class="preview-card__title"> <h3 class="standard-title"> <a href="/news/news/cern/cern-launches-resonance-new-arts-collaboration-republic-and-canton-geneva-and-city" hreflang="en" title="CERN launches Resonance, a new arts collaboration with the Republic and Canton of Geneva and the City of Geneva"> <span> CERN launches Resonance, a new arts collabora... </span> </a> </h3> </div> <div class="preview-card__body"></div> <div class="preview-cards__subtext"> <div class="preview-card__category" style="color:"> At CERN </div> <div class="preview-card__category" style="color:"> News </div> <div class="preview-card__date" style="color:"> <time datetime="2024-11-28T09:30:00Z">28 November, 2024</time> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="view-footer"> <p class="cern-btn"><a class="cern-btn" href="/news?audience=23">Latest news</a></p> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="col-xs-0 col-sm-0 col-md-6 col-lg-6 col-item-megamenu"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-xs-12 col-sm-12 col-md-6 col-lg-4 col-item-megamenu"> <ul class="cern-submenu"> <li> <p class="h2 cernmenu-level-0"> <a href="/news?audience=23" data-drupal-link-query="{"audience":"23"}" data-drupal-link-system-path="news">News</a> </p> <ul class=""> <li> <p class=" cernmenu-level-1 cernmenu-level-last "> <a href="/news?topic=1114" data-drupal-link-query="{"topic":"1114"}" data-drupal-link-system-path="news">Accelerators</a> </p> </li> <li> <p class=" cernmenu-level-1 cernmenu-level-last "> <a href="/news?topic=1118" data-drupal-link-query="{"topic":"1118"}" data-drupal-link-system-path="news">At CERN</a> </p> </li> <li> <p class=" cernmenu-level-1 cernmenu-level-last "> <a href="/news?topic=1116" data-drupal-link-query="{"topic":"1116"}" data-drupal-link-system-path="news">Computing</a> </p> </li> <li> <p class=" cernmenu-level-1 cernmenu-level-last "> <a href="/news?topic=1115" data-drupal-link-query="{"topic":"1115"}" data-drupal-link-system-path="news">Engineering</a> </p> </li> <li> <p class=" cernmenu-level-1 cernmenu-level-last "> <a href="/news?topic=1117" data-drupal-link-query="{"topic":"1117"}" data-drupal-link-system-path="news">Experiments</a> </p> </li> <li> <p class=" cernmenu-level-1 cernmenu-level-last "> <a href="/news?topic=1119" data-drupal-link-query="{"topic":"1119"}" data-drupal-link-system-path="news">Knowledge sharing</a> </p> </li> <li> <p class=" cernmenu-level-1 cernmenu-level-last "> <a href="/news?topic=1113" data-drupal-link-query="{"topic":"1113"}" data-drupal-link-system-path="news">Physics</a> </p> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> <ul class="cern-submenu"> <li> <p class="h2 cernmenu-level-0 cernmenu-level-last "> <a href="/events" data-drupal-link-system-path="events">Events</a> </p> </li> </ul> </div> <div class="col-xs-12 col-sm-12 col-md-6 col-lg-4 col-item-megamenu"> <ul class="cern-submenu"> <li> <p class="h2 cernmenu-level-0"> <a href="/cern-community" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/5872">CERN Community</a> </p> <ul class=""> <li> <p class=" cernmenu-level-1 cernmenu-level-last "> <a href="/news?audience=24" data-drupal-link-query="{"audience":"24"}" data-drupal-link-system-path="news">News and announcements</a> </p> </li> <li> <p class=" cernmenu-level-1 cernmenu-level-last "> <a href="/news?type=45" data-drupal-link-query="{"type":"45"}" data-drupal-link-system-path="news">Official communications</a> </p> </li> <li> <p class=" cernmenu-level-1 cernmenu-level-last "> <a href="/tags/events-cern" data-drupal-link-system-path="taxonomy/term/494">Events</a> </p> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> <ul class="cern-submenu"> <li> <p class="h2 cernmenu-level-0"> <a href="/scientists" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/5827">Scientists</a> </p> <ul class=""> <li> <p class=" cernmenu-level-1 cernmenu-level-last "> <a href="/news?audience=19" data-drupal-link-query="{"audience":"19"}" data-drupal-link-system-path="news">News</a> </p> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> <div class="col-xs-12 col-sm-12 col-md-6 col-lg-4 col-item-megamenu"> <ul class="cern-submenu"> <li> <p class="h2 cernmenu-level-0 cernmenu-level-last "> <a href="/press" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/5032">Press Room</a> </p> </li> </ul> <div class="block-custom-wrapper block-content block-content--type-basic block-content--view-mode-default ds-1col clearfix"> <div class="field field--name-field-visible-title field--type-string field--label-hidden field--item"> <p>Press Room submenu</p> </div> <div class="field field--name-body field--type-text-with-summary field--label-hidden field--item"><ul class="cern-submenu custom-block-submenu"> <li> <p class="cernmenu-level-1 cernmenu-level-last "><a href="/news?audience=22">Media News</a></p> </li> <li> <p class="cernmenu-level-1 cernmenu-level-last "><a href="/press/resources">Resources</a></p> </li> <li> <p class="cernmenu-level-1 cernmenu-level-last "><a href="/press/contact">Contact</a></p> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="close-cern-dropdown"></div> </div> </li> <li class="cern-dropdown"> <a class="dropdown-toggle"> Science </a> <div class="cern-dropdown-menu row"> <div class="col-xs-12 col-sm-12 col-md-3 col-lg-3 col-item-megamenu"> <div class="block-custom-wrapper block-content block-content--type-basic block-content--view-mode-default ds-1col clearfix"> <div class="field field--name-body field--type-text-with-summary field--label-hidden field--item"><h2>Science</h2> <p><img alt="img" data-entity-type="file" data-entity-uuid="948207c4-d66f-492e-9f8a-3e9a1aa3b55f" src="/sites/default/files/inline-images/pkatyaya/1209226_01-A5-at-72-dpi.jpg" width="561" height="377" loading="lazy"></p> <p>The research programme at CERN covers topics from kaons to cosmic rays, and from the Standard Model to supersymmetry</p> <p class="cern-btn"><a href="/science">Know more</a></p> </div> </div> </div> <div class="col-xs-0 col-sm-0 col-md-9 col-lg-9 col-item-megamenu"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-xs-12 col-sm-12 col-md-4 col-lg-4 col-item-megamenu"> <ul class="cern-submenu"> <li> <p class="h2 cernmenu-level-0"> <a href="/science/physics" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/5298">Physics</a> </p> <ul class=""> <li> <p class=" cernmenu-level-1 cernmenu-level-last "> <a href="/science/physics/antimatter" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/5026">Antimatter</a> </p> </li> <li> <p class=" cernmenu-level-1 cernmenu-level-last "> <a href="/science/physics/dark-matter" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/497">Dark matter</a> </p> </li> <li> <p class=" cernmenu-level-1 cernmenu-level-last "> <a href="/science/physics/early-universe" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/499">The early universe</a> </p> </li> <li> <p class=" cernmenu-level-1 cernmenu-level-last "> <a href="/science/physics/higgs-boson" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/182651">The Higgs boson</a> </p> </li> <li> <p class=" cernmenu-level-1 cernmenu-level-last "> <a href="/science/physics/standard-model" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/496">The Standard Model</a> </p> </li> <li> <p class=" cernmenu-level-1 cernmenu-level-last "> <a href="/science/physics" class="plus-more-link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/5298">+ More</a> </p> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> <div class="col-xs-12 col-sm-12 col-md-4 col-lg-4 col-item-megamenu"> <ul class="cern-submenu"> <li> <p class="h2 cernmenu-level-0"> <a href="/science/accelerators" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/5038">Accelerators</a> </p> <ul class=""> <li> <p class=" cernmenu-level-1 cernmenu-level-last "> <a href="/science/accelerators/accelerator-complex" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/18036">CERN's accelerators</a> </p> </li> <li> <p class=" cernmenu-level-1 cernmenu-level-last "> <a href="/science/accelerators/antiproton-decelerator" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/428">The Antiproton Decelerator</a> </p> </li> <li> <p class=" cernmenu-level-1 cernmenu-level-last "> <a href="/science/accelerators/large-hadron-collider" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/432">The Large Hadron Collider</a> </p> </li> <li> <p class=" cernmenu-level-1 cernmenu-level-last "> <a href="/science/accelerators/high-luminosity-lhc" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/5248">High-Luminosity LHC</a> </p> </li> <li> <p class=" cernmenu-level-1 cernmenu-level-last "> <a href="/science/accelerators" class="plus-more-link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/5038">+ More</a> </p> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> <div class="col-xs-12 col-sm-12 col-md-4 col-lg-4 col-item-megamenu"> <ul class="cern-submenu"> <li> <p class="h2 cernmenu-level-0"> <a href="/science/engineering" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/5304">Engineering</a> </p> <ul class=""> <li> <p class=" cernmenu-level-1 cernmenu-level-last "> <a href="/science/engineering/accelerating-radiofrequency-cavities" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/455">Accelerating: radiofrequency cavities</a> </p> </li> <li> <p class=" cernmenu-level-1 cernmenu-level-last "> <a href="/science/engineering/pulling-together-superconducting-electromagnets" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/452">Steering and focusing: magnets and superconductivity</a> </p> </li> <li> <p class=" cernmenu-level-1 cernmenu-level-last "> <a href="/science/engineering/vacuum-empty-interstellar-space" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/454">Circulating: ultra-high vacuum</a> </p> </li> <li> <p class=" cernmenu-level-1 cernmenu-level-last "> <a href="/science/engineering/cryogenics-low-temperatures-high-performance" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/451">Cooling: cryogenic systems</a> </p> </li> <li> <p class=" cernmenu-level-1 cernmenu-level-last "> <a href="/science/engineering/powering-cern" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/453">Powering: energy at CERN</a> </p> </li> <li> <p class=" cernmenu-level-1 cernmenu-level-last "> <a href="/science/engineering" class="plus-more-link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/5304">+ More</a> </p> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> <div class="col-xs-12 col-sm-12 col-md-4 col-lg-4 col-item-megamenu"> <ul class="cern-submenu"> <li> <p class="h2 cernmenu-level-0"> <a href="/science/computing" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/5732">Computing</a> </p> <ul class=""> <li> <p class=" cernmenu-level-1 cernmenu-level-last "> <a href="/science/computing/data-centre" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/5733">The CERN Data Centre</a> </p> </li> <li> <p class=" cernmenu-level-1 cernmenu-level-last "> <a href="/science/computing/grid" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/5736">The Worldwide LHC Computing Grid</a> </p> </li> <li> <p class=" cernmenu-level-1 cernmenu-level-last "> <a href="/science/computing/cern-openlab" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/5759">CERN openlab</a> </p> </li> <li> <p class=" cernmenu-level-1 cernmenu-level-last "> <a href="/science/computing/open-source-open-science" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/5747">Open source for open science</a> </p> </li> <li> <p class=" cernmenu-level-1 cernmenu-level-last "> <a href="/science/computing/birth-web" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/5762">The birth of the web</a> </p> </li> <li> <p class=" cernmenu-level-1 cernmenu-level-last "> <a href="/science/computing" class="plus-more-link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/5732">+ More</a> </p> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> <div class="col-xs-12 col-sm-12 col-md-4 col-lg-4 col-item-megamenu"> <ul class="cern-submenu"> <li> <p class="h2 cernmenu-level-0"> <a href="/science/experiments" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/5303">Experiments</a> </p> <ul class=""> <li> <p class=" cernmenu-level-1 cernmenu-level-last "> <a href="/science/experiments/alice" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/470">ALICE</a> </p> </li> <li> <p class=" cernmenu-level-1 cernmenu-level-last "> <a href="/science/experiments/atlas" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/471">ATLAS</a> </p> </li> <li> <p class=" cernmenu-level-1 cernmenu-level-last "> <a href="/science/experiments/cms" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/472">CMS</a> </p> </li> <li> <p class=" cernmenu-level-1 cernmenu-level-last "> <a href="/science/experiments/lhcb" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/473">LHCb</a> </p> </li> <li> <p class=" cernmenu-level-1 cernmenu-level-last "> <a href="/science/experiments" class="plus-more-link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/5303">+ More</a> </p> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div class="close-cern-dropdown"></div> </div> </li> <li class="cern-dropdown"> <a class="dropdown-toggle"> Resources </a> <div class="cern-dropdown-menu row"> <div class="col-xs-12 col-sm-12 col-md-6 col-lg-6 col-item-megamenu"> <div class="views-element-container form-group"> <div class="view view-resource-menu-content view-id-resource_menu_content view-display-id-block_1 js-view-dom-id-cd1d1923b0684ee2b1dfd3a03296f5ed555e97118e086414bcfb9132964ffe3d cern-view-display-block cern-view-display-block_1 clearfix"> <h1 class="mb-3 mt-3 text-center">Featured resources</h1> <div class="view-content clearfix"> <div class="views-row"> <div class="views-field views-field-rendered-entity"><span class="field-content"> <div data-history-node-id="191708" id="preview-card--2" class="component-preview-cards box-pattern news_page" style="background:url('/sites/default/files/styles/large/public/2025-01/CERN-Courier-Jan-Feb-2025.png?itok=eBAOHhv7') no-repeat center center / cover" data-background="/sites/default/files/styles/large/public/2025-01/CERN-Courier-Jan-Feb-2025.png?itok=eBAOHhv7" class="component-preview-cards box-pattern news_page"> <a class="box-link" target="" href="/resources/courier/physics/cern-courier-janfeb-2025"></a> <div class="component-preview-cards__veil"></div> <div class="component-preview-cards__box_wrapper"> <div class="component-preview-cards__box"> <div class="component-preview-cards__category-icon-vocabulary" data-icon="^"></div> <div class="preview-card__title"> <h3 class="standard-title"> <a href="/resources/courier/physics/cern-courier-janfeb-2025" hreflang="en" title="CERN Courier Jan/Feb 2025"> <span> CERN Courier Jan/Feb 2025 </span> </a> </h3> </div> <div class="preview-card__body"></div> <div class="preview-cards__subtext"> <div class="preview-card__category" style="color:"> Courier </div> <div class="preview-card__category" style="color:"> Physics </div> <div class="preview-card__date" style="color:"> <time datetime="2025-01-01T10:07:31Z">1 January, 2025</time> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </span></div> </div> <div class="views-row"> <div class="views-field views-field-rendered-entity"><span class="field-content"> <div data-history-node-id="5047" id="preview-card--3" class="component-preview-cards box-pattern news_page" style="background:url('//cds.cern.ch/images/CERN-PHOTO-202105-067-19/file?size=medium') no-repeat center center / cover" data-background="//cds.cern.ch/images/CERN-PHOTO-202105-067-19/file?size=medium" class="component-preview-cards box-pattern news_page"> <a class="box-link" target="" href="/resources/image/accelerators/high-luminosity-lhc-gallery"></a> <div class="component-preview-cards__veil"></div> <div class="component-preview-cards__box_wrapper"> <div class="component-preview-cards__box"> <div class="component-preview-cards__category-icon-vocabulary" data-icon="z"></div> <div class="preview-card__title"> <h3 class="standard-title"> <a href="/resources/image/accelerators/high-luminosity-lhc-gallery" hreflang="en" title="High-Luminosity LHC images"> <span> High-Luminosity LHC images </span> </a> </h3> </div> <div class="preview-card__body"></div> <div class="preview-cards__subtext"> <div class="preview-card__category" style="color:"> Image </div> <div class="preview-card__category" style="color:"> Accelerators </div> <div class="preview-card__date" style="color:"> <time datetime="2018-06-20T12:37:57Z">20 June, 2018</time> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </span></div> </div> <div class="views-row"> <div class="views-field views-field-rendered-entity"><span class="field-content"> <div data-history-node-id="5179" id="preview-card--5" class="component-preview-cards box-pattern system_page" style="background:url('/sites/default/files/styles/large/public/2022-05/FAQ-LHC-EN-cover-min_0_0.JPG?itok=6kjMukRO') no-repeat center center / cover" data-background="/sites/default/files/styles/large/public/2022-05/FAQ-LHC-EN-cover-min_0_0.JPG?itok=6kjMukRO" class="component-preview-cards box-pattern system_page"> <a class="box-link" target="" href="/resources/brochure/knowledge-sharing/lhc-facts-and-figures"></a> <div class="component-preview-cards__veil"></div> <div class="component-preview-cards__box_wrapper"> <div class="component-preview-cards__box"> <div class="component-preview-cards__category-icon-vocabulary" data-icon="^"></div> <div class="preview-card__title"> <h3 class="standard-title"> <a href="/resources/brochure/knowledge-sharing/lhc-facts-and-figures" hreflang="en" title="LHC Facts and Figures"> <span> LHC Facts and Figures </span> </a> </h3> </div> <div class="preview-card__body"></div> <div class="preview-cards__subtext"> <div class="preview-card__category" style="color:"> Brochure </div> <div class="preview-card__category" style="color:"> Knowledge sharing </div> <div class="preview-card__date" style="color:"> <time datetime="2022-05-10T10:00:00Z">10 May, 2022</time> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </span></div> </div> </div> <div class="view-footer"> <p class="cern-btn"><a class="cern-btn" href="/resources">See all resources</a></p> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="col-xs-0 col-sm-0 col-md-6 col-lg-6 col-item-megamenu"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-xs-12 col-sm-12 col-md-4 col-lg-4 col-item-megamenu"> <ul class="cern-submenu"> <li> <p class="h2 cernmenu-level-0"> <span>By Topic</span> </p> <ul class=""> <li> <p class=" cernmenu-level-1 cernmenu-level-last "> <a href="/resources?topic=1114" data-drupal-link-query="{"topic":"1114"}" data-drupal-link-system-path="resources">Accelerators</a> </p> </li> <li> <p class=" cernmenu-level-1 cernmenu-level-last "> <a href="/resources?topic=1118" data-drupal-link-query="{"topic":"1118"}" data-drupal-link-system-path="resources">At CERN</a> </p> </li> <li> <p class=" cernmenu-level-1 cernmenu-level-last "> <a href="/resources?topic=1116" data-drupal-link-query="{"topic":"1116"}" data-drupal-link-system-path="resources">Computing</a> </p> </li> <li> <p class=" cernmenu-level-1 cernmenu-level-last "> <a href="/resources?topic=1115" data-drupal-link-query="{"topic":"1115"}" data-drupal-link-system-path="resources">Engineering</a> </p> </li> <li> <p class=" cernmenu-level-1 cernmenu-level-last "> <a href="/resources?topic=1117" data-drupal-link-query="{"topic":"1117"}" data-drupal-link-system-path="resources">Experiments</a> </p> </li> <li> <p class=" cernmenu-level-1 cernmenu-level-last "> <a href="/resources?topic=1119" data-drupal-link-query="{"topic":"1119"}" data-drupal-link-system-path="resources">Knowledge sharing</a> </p> </li> <li> <p class=" cernmenu-level-1 cernmenu-level-last "> <a href="/resources?topic=1113" data-drupal-link-query="{"topic":"1113"}" data-drupal-link-system-path="resources">Physics</a> </p> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> <div class="col-xs-12 col-sm-12 col-md-4 col-lg-4 col-item-megamenu"> <ul class="cern-submenu"> <li> <p class="h2 cernmenu-level-0"> <span>By format</span> </p> <ul class=""> <li> <p class=" cernmenu-level-1 cernmenu-level-last "> <a href="/resources?type=62" data-drupal-link-query="{"type":"62"}" data-drupal-link-system-path="resources">360 image</a> </p> </li> <li> <p class=" cernmenu-level-1 cernmenu-level-last "> <a href="/resources?type=53" data-drupal-link-query="{"type":"53"}" data-drupal-link-system-path="resources">Annual report</a> </p> </li> <li> <p class=" cernmenu-level-1 cernmenu-level-last "> <a href="/resources?type=56" data-drupal-link-query="{"type":"56"}" data-drupal-link-system-path="resources">Brochure</a> </p> </li> <li> <p class=" cernmenu-level-1 cernmenu-level-last "> <a href="/resources/bulletin/cern/cern-bulletin" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/5055">Bulletin</a> </p> </li> <li> <p class=" cernmenu-level-1 cernmenu-level-last "> <a href="/resources?type=52" data-drupal-link-query="{"type":"52"}" data-drupal-link-system-path="resources">Courier</a> </p> </li> <li> <p class=" cernmenu-level-1 cernmenu-level-last "> <a href="/resources?type=59" data-drupal-link-query="{"type":"59"}" data-drupal-link-system-path="resources">Image</a> </p> </li> <li> <p class=" cernmenu-level-1 cernmenu-level-last "> <a href="/resources?type=61" data-drupal-link-query="{"type":"61"}" data-drupal-link-system-path="resources">Video</a> </p> </li> <li> <p class=" cernmenu-level-1 cernmenu-level-last "> <a href="/resources" class="plus-more-link" data-drupal-link-system-path="resources">+ More</a> </p> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> <div class="col-xs-12 col-sm-12 col-md-4 col-lg-4 col-item-megamenu"> <ul class="cern-submenu"> <li> <p class="h2 cernmenu-level-0"> <span>By audience</span> </p> <ul class=""> <li> <p class=" cernmenu-level-1 cernmenu-level-last "> <a href="/resources?audience=24" data-drupal-link-query="{"audience":"24"}" data-drupal-link-system-path="resources">CERN community</a> </p> </li> <li> <p class=" cernmenu-level-1 cernmenu-level-last "> <a href="/resources?audience=21" data-drupal-link-query="{"audience":"21"}" data-drupal-link-system-path="resources">Educators</a> </p> </li> <li> <p class=" cernmenu-level-1 cernmenu-level-last "> <a href="/resources?audience=23" data-drupal-link-query="{"audience":"23"}" data-drupal-link-system-path="resources">General public</a> </p> </li> <li> <p class=" cernmenu-level-1 cernmenu-level-last "> <a href="/resources?audience=17" data-drupal-link-query="{"audience":"17"}" data-drupal-link-system-path="resources">Industry</a> </p> </li> <li> <p class=" cernmenu-level-1 cernmenu-level-last "> <a href="/resources/audience/resources-topic" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/5436">Media</a> </p> </li> <li> <p class=" cernmenu-level-1 cernmenu-level-last "> <a href="/resources?audience=19" data-drupal-link-query="{"audience":"19"}" data-drupal-link-system-path="resources">Scientists</a> </p> </li> <li> <p class=" cernmenu-level-1 cernmenu-level-last "> <a href="/resources?audience=20" data-drupal-link-query="{"audience":"20"}" data-drupal-link-system-path="resources">Students</a> </p> </li> <li> <p class=" cernmenu-level-1 cernmenu-level-last "> <a href="/resources" class="plus-more-link" data-drupal-link-system-path="resources">+ More</a> </p> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div class="close-cern-dropdown"></div> </div> </li> <li class="cern-dropdown cern-menu-search"> <a href="#" class="dropdown-toggle cern-menu-item-search">search</a> <div class="cern-dropdown-menu row"> <div class="close-cern-dropdown"></div> <div class="col-md-offset-2 col-md-8 cern-menu-content-search"> <span class="placeholder-of-search hidden d-none">E.G. BIRTH OF WEB, LHC PAGE 1, BULLETIN...</span> <span class="placeholder-of-search-mobile hidden d-none">E.G. BIRTH OF WEB, LHC...</span> <div class="search-block-form block block-search block-search-form-block" data-drupal-selector="search-block-form" role="search"> <form action="/search/node" method="get" id="search-block-form" accept-charset="UTF-8"> <div class="form-item js-form-item form-type-search js-form-type-search form-item-keys js-form-item-keys form-no-label form-group"> <label for="edit-keys" class="control-label sr-only">Search</label> <div class="input-group"><input title="Enter the terms you wish to search for." data-drupal-selector="edit-keys" class="form-search form-control" placeholder="Search" type="search" id="edit-keys" name="keys" value="" size="15" maxlength="128" data-toggle="tooltip" /><span class="input-group-btn"><button type="submit" value="Search" class="button js-form-submit form-submit btn-primary btn icon-only"><span class="sr-only">Search</span><span class="icon glyphicon glyphicon-search" aria-hidden="true"></span></button></span></div> </div> <div class="form-actions form-group js-form-wrapper form-wrapper" data-drupal-selector="edit-actions" id="edit-actions"></div> </form> </div> </div> </div> </li> <li class="dropdown cern-menu-lang-switcher"> <a class="dropdown-toggle" data-toggle="dropdown" aria-expanded="true"> <span class="separator">|</span> en <span class="caret"></span> </a> <ul class="dropdown-menu"> <li><section class="language-switcher-language-url block block-language block-language-blocklanguage-interface clearfix" role="navigation"> <ul class="links"><li hreflang="en" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/191293" class="en is-active" aria-current="page"><a href="/news/series/cern70/cern70-physics-medicine" class="language-link is-active" hreflang="en" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/191293" aria-current="page">en</a></li><li hreflang="fr" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/191293" class="fr"><a href="/fr/news/series/cern70/cern70-physics-medicine" class="language-link" hreflang="fr" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/191293">fr</a></li></ul> </section> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </div>  </div>  </nav> </nav> </div> </section> </div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <main role="main"> <a id="main-content" tabindex="-1"></a> <div class="container-fluid cern-page-display-page cern-page-display-feature_story_page"> <div class="has-no-column wrapper-center col-md-12 col-sm-12 col-xs-12"> <div class="region region-content"> <div data-drupal-messages-fallback class="hidden"></div> <div data-drupal-messages-fallback class="hidden"></div> <div class="layout layout__region featured-story-page-node-layout-content"> <div class="field--items"> <div class="field--item"> <div class="component-row component-row__display__fluid section-navigation component-row__has-header effect_none is_half_height"> <div class="background__veil"></div> <div class="background-component background__image" style="background:url('/sites/default/files/2024-11/CCSupp_1_Detectors_PET-2-crop.jpg') no-repeat center top / cover; height: 100%;"></div> <div class="component-row__row"> <div class="component-row__column component-row__center section-has-no-column col-md-12 col-sm-12 col-xs-12"> <div class="box-effects-wrapper "> <div class="cern-component-header-blocks component-header"> <div id="header-blocks--2" class="owl-carousel owl-theme component-header__carousel header-carousel"> <div class="header-block"> <div class="header-block__title"> <h3 class="header-block__name" > <span>CERN70: From physics to medicine</span> <span class="header-block__name__underline"></span> </h3> <span class="header-block__subhead" ><p class="text-align-center">14 November 2024 · <i>Voir en <a href="/fr/news/series/cern70/cern70-physics-medicine">français</a></i></p> <hr> <p class="text-align-center"><strong>Part 21</strong> of the <strong><a href="/news/series/cern-70">CERN70</a></strong> feature series. Find out more: <a href="https://cern70.cern/"><strong>cern70.cern</strong> </a><br> <br> <strong>Ugo Amaldi</strong> helped create a European network of cancer therapy centres using beams of ions, in particular carbon ions<br>  </p> </span> </div> </div> </div> </div> <a class="endof-cern-header-blocks"></a> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="field--item"> <div class="component-row component-row__display__centered section-navigation effect_none"> <div class="component-row__row"> <div class="component-row__column component-row__center section-has-no-column col-md-12 col-sm-12 col-xs-12"> <div class="box-effects-wrapper "> <div class="component-margin component-margin-medium" ></div> <div class="text-component text-component-page clearfix"> <div class="text-component-text cern_full_html"> <figure role="group" class="align-right"> <img alt="Three people and some beans" data-entity-type="file" data-entity-uuid="863d3061-3428-450a-a478-58d3196ca320" height="auto" src="/sites/default/files/inline-images/katebrad/8010439_0.jpg" width="1440" loading="lazy"> <figcaption>Karen Panman (left), Marilena Streit-Bianchi (centre) and Roger Paris (right) of the Radiobiology group at CERN study the effect of radiation on living cells in 1980, using an apparatus for growing broad beans that have been irradiated by 250-GeV protons. (Image: <a href="https://cds.cern.ch/record/969699/">CERN</a>)</figcaption> </figure> <p>Technology developed at CERN for accelerators and detectors has found many uses in areas beyond the field of particle physics, not least in medicine, where there are applications in both the diagnosis and treatment of disease.</p> <p>Researchers at CERN have been contributing to medical research for nearly six decades, ever since radiobiology experiments began in 1965. Three years later, <a href="/news/series/cern70/cern70-electronic-revolution">Georges Charpak invented the multiwire proportional chamber</a>, a new type of detector for which he was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics, and which came into use for medical imaging in the mid-1970s. Improvements in detectors, electronics and materials science have enabled doctors to significantly reduce the radiation dose to the patient during the examination, while improving image quality. In an important development, a prototype “positron camera” took the <a href="https://cerncourier.com/a/pet-and-ct-a-perfect-fit/">first PET image of a mouse</a> in 1977, when David Townsend developed algorithms to reconstruct data from Alan Jeavons’s detector using the radiobiology experiments of Marilena Streit-Bianchi. In 1979, David Townsend moved to the Geneva University Cantonal Hospital, where he helped build the hospital’s first positron emission tomography (PET) scanner, based on the positron camera.</p> <figure role="group" class="align-left"> <img alt="First PET image at CERN" data-entity-type="file" data-entity-uuid="9b50d6ce-5a95-40b0-8b6a-fe91b817257e" height="auto" src="/sites/default/files/inline-images/katebrad/CCSupp_1_Detectors_PET-2.jpg" width="848" loading="lazy"> <figcaption>The first image of a  mouse taken using positron emission tomography (PET) in 1977, when the technology began at CERN. (Image: <a href="https://cerncourier.com/a/pet-and-ct-a-perfect-fit/">CERN)</a></figcaption> </figure> <p>Around the same time, physicists at CERN also became interested in using protons and carbon ions (atomic nuclei) for cancer therapy – an idea that dates back to 1946, when the use of protons and carbon ions was first proposed by the American accelerator physicist Robert Wilson, who later became the founder and first director of Fermilab. Protons and the nuclei of light elements, such as hydrogen and carbon, are better suited than X-rays to the treatment of some deep-seated cancers because their energy deposition (the “dose”) can be focused to cause less damage to healthy tissue.</p> <p>In the late 1970s and 1980s, CERN’s accelerator experts were increasingly consulted for medical accelerator projects, in particular in the newly developing field of light ion therapy. In the 1990s, the first <a href="https://kt.cern/medtech/medipix">Medipix</a> collaboration began and the <a href="https://cerncourier.com/a/crystal-clear-celebrates-25-years-of-success/">Crystal Clear collaboration</a> was set up to improve scintillating crystals. Both collaborations have benefited particle physics detection and medical imaging.</p> <p>Then, in 1995, Ugo Amaldi, a physicist at CERN who had created the Italian TERA Foundation for radiation therapy, together with Meinhard Regler of the MedAustron project, convinced the CERN Management to start the Proton Ion Medical Machine Study (PIMMS), directed by <a href="/news/obituary/cern/philip-john-bryant-1942-2024">Phil Bryant</a>. The design of PIMMS was completed in 2000 and was later adapted by TERA to meet the needs of a centre built in Italy, CNAO (National Centre for Oncological Hadron Therapy), which began treating patients in 2011. In 2019, CERN launched the Next Ion Medical Machine Study (<a href="https://knowledgetransfer.web.cern.ch/medtech/nimms">NIMMS</a>) to develop cutting-edge accelerator technologies for a new generation of compact and cost-effective ion-therapy facilities.</p> <p>Ongoing collaborations with medical doctors, epidemiologists and researchers are leading to new developments that help to preserve or improve our health. Examples include the role of <a href="https://kt.cern/medtech/medipix">Medipix</a> in medical imaging, including <a href="/news/news/knowledge-sharing/first-3d-colour-x-ray-human-using-cern-technology">colour X-rays</a>, <a href="https://kt.cern/flash-radiotherapy">FLASH radiotherapy</a>, the use of <a href="https://kt.cern/medtech/medicis">radioisotopes</a> for diagnosis and treatment of diseases, <a href="https://kt.cern/medtech/digital-technology-health">machine learning</a> and <a href="https://kt.cern/applications/healthcare">more</a>.</p> </div> </div> <div class="text-component text-component-page clearfix"> <h2 class="text-component-title"> Recollections </h2> <div class="text-component-text cern_full_html"> <blockquote>When the first patients were treated at CNAO, I felt that I’d done very interesting things in physics, but hadron therapy was the best thing I’d done in my professional life.<br> <strong><em>Ugo Amaldi</em></strong></blockquote> <figure class="cds-image align-right" id="CERN-HOMEWEB-PHO-2024-076-1"><a href="//cds.cern.ch/images/CERN-HOMEWEB-PHO-2024-076-1" title="View on CDS"><img alt="home.cern,Personalities and History of CERN" src="//cds.cern.ch/images/CERN-HOMEWEB-PHO-2024-076-1/file?size=large"></a> <figcaption>Ugo Amaldi, photographed in 2023<span> (Image: Ugo Amaldi)</span></figcaption></figure> <p>Ugo Amaldi was well known as a particle physicist at CERN when he decided to work towards the creation, in Europe, of a network of centres for cancer therapy using beams of ions, in particular carbon ions.</p> <p>“My interest in medical physics dates back to the late 1950s, when I began to work at Italy’s national health institute in Rome, the Istituto Superiore di Sanità (ISS), and wrote a 700-page treaty entitled Fisica delle Radiazioni. I went to ISS instead of starting an academic career because my father <a href="/about/who-we-are/our-people/biographies/edoardo-amaldi">Edoardo</a>, a well-known physicist and one of CERN’s founders, had been a professor in Rome since 1937 and I wanted to distinguish myself from him.</p> <p>At the ISS physics laboratory, I performed experiments in nuclear and particle physics and worked part-time in radiation physics and radiotherapy, a subject that I really enjoyed. From 1968 to 1973, I led a group of physicists from ISS working at CERN, and then – after a successful experiment at the <a href="/news/series/cern70/cern70-worlds-first-hadron-collider">Intersecting Storage Rings</a> that discovered the increase with energy of the proton–proton cross-section – in 1973, I was offered a staff position at CERN. One thing led to another and, by 1981, I had initiated and become the spokesperson for <a href="/science/experiments/delphi">DELPHI</a>, one of the four <a href="/news/series/cern70/cern70-green-light-lep">LEP</a> experiments.</p> <p>By 1991, following the first results and a much-quoted paper on the supersymmetric unification of the fundamental forces, DELPHI was running very well. But it wasn’t obvious to me what I should do next. I was 57 years old and I knew I wouldn’t be an active experimental physicist when the LHC came online. Still, I wanted to do something new and directly useful at the frontier of what could be done with particle accelerators. I therefore decided to go back to radiation physics; a few years later, my wife Clelia said, “You went back to your first love”.</p> <p>In fact, the idea of using physics to help cure people still appealed to me so, in 1991, I wrote, with Giampiero Tosi, a well-known Italian medical physicist, a proposal for a cancer therapy centre based on beams of carbon ions (and of protons), a treatment modality that, shortly after, I called “hadron therapy”. One year later, we created the TERA Foundation to raise funds to cover personnel costs for the design of this centre, for which we received help from the Italian Institute for Nuclear Physics (INFN).</p> <figure class="cds-image align-left" id="CERN-HOMEWEB-PHO-2020-015-1"><a href="//cds.cern.ch/images/CERN-HOMEWEB-PHO-2020-015-1" title="View on CDS"><img alt="home.cern" src="//cds.cern.ch/images/CERN-HOMEWEB-PHO-2020-015-1/file?size=large"></a> <figcaption>Treatment room of the CNAO hadron therapy centre in Italy.<span> (Image: CNAO)</span></figcaption></figure> <p>Then, as now, the main tool for cancer therapy was radiotherapy with X-rays, but dedicated proton centres were also being built. However, I was interested in some results obtained at the Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory and in papers written by Gerhard Kraft of GSI. About 1% of tumours treated with X-rays turn out to be resistant to both X-rays and protons, but it appeared that these stubborn tumours might respond if they were bombarded with the nuclei of carbon atoms. Each carbon nucleus leaves 20 times more energy than a proton in a cell and thus produces multiple, irreparable breaks of the DNA double helix. For this reason, carbon beams are effective in controlling “radioresistant tumours”, such as soft-tissue sarcomas, bone sarcomas and some cancers of the brain, lung and salivary glands.</p> <p>At the end of 1995, with Meinhard Regler of MedAustron, we drew the interest of the CERN Management to the design of an ion synchrotron optimised for such a medical application. This became PIMMS, the Proton Ion Medical Machine Study, on which physicists and engineers from CERN, TERA and the MedAustron project worked for four years under the direction of Phil Bryant. In parallel, with TERA, I proposed that the Italian government finance a treatment centre based on an improved version of the PIMMS synchrotron, later called the PIMMS/TERA project. As the centre would cost more than 100 million euros, this was a hard sell, but the Italian government finally put up the money in 2001. In 2003, the CNAO Foundation, with its team of 26 physicists and engineers took over the project. Sandro Rossi, who had been the TERA Technical Director for almost ten years, became the CNAO Technical Director and, later, its Director-General. With the help of INFN, in autumn 2005, the construction of the Centre started in Pavia, an ancient university town close to Milan. In 2011, the first proton irradiation took place and, in 2012, exactly 20 years after the creation of TERA Foundation, the <a href="/news/news/knowledge-sharing/clinical-trials-using-carbon-ions-begin-cnao">first patient was treated with a beam of carbon ions</a>.</p> <p>When the first patients were treated at CNAO, I felt that I’d done very interesting things in physics, but hadron therapy was the best thing I’d done in my professional life.</p> <p>I am now President Emeritus of CNAO, and I have the satisfaction of seeing that the Centre is still growing. More than 5000 patients have been treated, 55% with carbon ions, and more and more patients are children: in 2023, 62 paediatric tumours were irradiated. Moreover, a proton gantry is being installed and a novel boron neutron capture therapy system will be operative in 2026. Overall, one can say that CNAO, as a spin-off of CERN and TERA, fully justifies my motto “Physics is beautiful and useful”.</p> <p><iframe allow="accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture" allowfullscreen frameborder="0" height="380" src="https://www.youtube-nocookie.com/embed/aK7u7Yvpc5Q?rel=0" width="560"></iframe></p> <p><em>This video shows how technologies developed for particle accelerators, detectors and analysis have found their way into medical applications.</em></p> <p>---</p> <p><em>This interview is adapted from the 2004 book “Infinitely CERN”, published to celebrate CERN’s 50th anniversary, and was updated with the help of Ugo Amaldi in 2024. Ugo was one of the speakers at the recent CERN70 public event “<a href="https://cern70.cern/from-particle-physics-to-medicine/">From particle physics to medicine</a>”. A new PET digital learning module is available now for high-school students to help save a virtual patient, find out more via <a href="https://cern.ch/petlearningmodule">cern.ch/petlearningmodule</a>.</em></p> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="content-footer-wrapper"> <div class="has-no-column row content-footer-row container"> <div class="col-md-12 content-footer-container"> <div class="region region-contentfooter"> <section class="views-element-container block block-views block-views-blockstories-related-stories-block clearfix" id="block-views-block-stories-related-stories-block"> <div class="form-group"> <div class="view view-stories view-id-stories view-display-id-related_stories_block js-view-dom-id-3d86cc0dd1d668e20b446f74bb9ab11f5a7b1ab0b9f4ef241cd92f3e4c88b1c6 cern-view-display-block cern-view-display-related_stories_block clearfix"> <div class="view-content clearfix"> <div class="carousel-cern-item row"> <div class="views-row col-md-4"><div class="views-field views-field-rendered-entity"><span class="field-content"> <div data-history-node-id="189241" id="preview-card" class="component-preview-cards box-pattern feature_story_page" style="background:url('/sites/default/files/styles/large/public/2024-01/5210004-A4-at-144-dpi.jpg?itok=DJSIVQ-b') no-repeat center center / cover" data-background="/sites/default/files/styles/large/public/2024-01/5210004-A4-at-144-dpi.jpg?itok=DJSIVQ-b" class="component-preview-cards box-pattern feature_story_page"> <a class="box-link" target="" href="/news/series/cern70/cern70-foundations-european-science"></a> <div class="component-preview-cards__veil"></div> <div class="component-preview-cards__box_wrapper"> <div class="component-preview-cards__box"> <div class="preview-card__title"> <h3 class="standard-title"> <a href="/news/series/cern70/cern70-foundations-european-science" hreflang="en" title="CERN70: Foundations for European science"> <span> CERN70: Foundations for European science </span> </a> </h3> </div> <div class="preview-card__body"></div> <div class="preview-cards__subtext"> <div class="preview-card__category" style="color:"> CERN70 </div> <div class="preview-card__date" style="color:"> <time datetime="2024-01-18T12:00:00Z">18 January, 2024</time> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </span></div></div> <div class="views-row col-md-4"><div class="views-field views-field-rendered-entity"><span class="field-content"> <div data-history-node-id="189327" id="preview-card--2" class="component-preview-cards box-pattern feature_story_page" style="background:url('/sites/default/files/styles/large/public/2024-01/5405001-A5-at-72-dpi.jpg?itok=kupxIR2Y') no-repeat center center / cover" data-background="/sites/default/files/styles/large/public/2024-01/5405001-A5-at-72-dpi.jpg?itok=kupxIR2Y" class="component-preview-cards box-pattern feature_story_page"> <a class="box-link" target="" href="/news/series/cern70/cern70-laboratory-takes-shape"></a> <div class="component-preview-cards__veil"></div> <div class="component-preview-cards__box_wrapper"> <div class="component-preview-cards__box"> <div class="preview-card__title"> <h3 class="standard-title"> <a href="/news/series/cern70/cern70-laboratory-takes-shape" hreflang="en" title="CERN70: The Laboratory takes shape"> <span> CERN70: The Laboratory takes shape </span> </a> </h3> </div> <div class="preview-card__body"></div> <div class="preview-cards__subtext"> <div class="preview-card__category" style="color:"> CERN70 </div> <div class="preview-card__date" style="color:"> <time datetime="2024-02-01T12:00:00Z">1 February, 2024</time> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </span></div></div> <div class="views-row col-md-4"><div class="views-field views-field-rendered-entity"><span class="field-content"> <div data-history-node-id="189445" id="preview-card--3" class="component-preview-cards box-pattern feature_story_page" style="background:url('/sites/default/files/styles/large/public/2024-02/SC-min.jpg?itok=RAg6aPvz') no-repeat center center / cover" data-background="/sites/default/files/styles/large/public/2024-02/SC-min.jpg?itok=RAg6aPvz" class="component-preview-cards box-pattern feature_story_page"> <a class="box-link" target="" href="/news/series/cern70/cern70-first-discovery"></a> <div class="component-preview-cards__veil"></div> <div class="component-preview-cards__box_wrapper"> <div class="component-preview-cards__box"> <div class="preview-card__title"> <h3 class="standard-title"> <a href="/news/series/cern70/cern70-first-discovery" hreflang="en" title="CERN70: A first discovery"> <span> CERN70: A first discovery </span> </a> </h3> </div> <div class="preview-card__body"></div> <div class="preview-cards__subtext"> <div class="preview-card__category" style="color:"> CERN70 </div> <div class="preview-card__date" style="color:"> <time datetime="2024-02-14T12:00:00Z">14 February, 2024</time> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </span></div></div> </div> <div class="carousel-cern-item row"> <div class="views-row col-md-4"><div class="views-field views-field-rendered-entity"><span class="field-content"> <div data-history-node-id="189541" id="preview-card--4" class="component-preview-cards box-pattern feature_story_page" style="background:url('/sites/default/files/styles/large/public/2024-02/5600555-min.jpg?itok=ZWfrFJA1') no-repeat center center / cover" data-background="/sites/default/files/styles/large/public/2024-02/5600555-min.jpg?itok=ZWfrFJA1" class="component-preview-cards box-pattern feature_story_page"> <a class="box-link" target="" href="/news/series/cern70/cern70-heart-cerns-accelerator-chain"></a> <div class="component-preview-cards__veil"></div> <div class="component-preview-cards__box_wrapper"> <div class="component-preview-cards__box"> <div class="preview-card__title"> <h3 class="standard-title"> <a href="/news/series/cern70/cern70-heart-cerns-accelerator-chain" hreflang="en" title="CERN70: The heart of CERN’s accelerator chain"> <span> CERN70: The heart of CERN’s accelerator chain </span> </a> </h3> </div> <div class="preview-card__body"></div> <div class="preview-cards__subtext"> <div class="preview-card__category" style="color:"> CERN70 </div> <div class="preview-card__date" style="color:"> <time datetime="2024-02-29T12:00:00Z">29 February, 2024</time> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </span></div></div> <div class="views-row col-md-4"><div class="views-field views-field-rendered-entity"><span class="field-content"> <div data-history-node-id="189626" id="preview-card--5" class="component-preview-cards box-pattern feature_story_page" style="background:url('/sites/default/files/styles/large/public/2024-03/65-8-155-min-1440.jpg?itok=y5Vr-xtP') no-repeat center center / cover" data-background="/sites/default/files/styles/large/public/2024-03/65-8-155-min-1440.jpg?itok=y5Vr-xtP" class="component-preview-cards box-pattern feature_story_page"> <a class="box-link" target="" href="/news/series/cern70/cern70-dark-side-muon"></a> <div class="component-preview-cards__veil"></div> <div class="component-preview-cards__box_wrapper"> <div class="component-preview-cards__box"> <div class="preview-card__title"> <h3 class="standard-title"> <a href="/news/series/cern70/cern70-dark-side-muon" hreflang="en" title="CERN70: The dark side of the muon"> <span> CERN70: The dark side of the muon </span> </a> </h3> </div> <div class="preview-card__body"></div> <div class="preview-cards__subtext"> <div class="preview-card__category" style="color:"> CERN70 </div> <div class="preview-card__date" style="color:"> <time datetime="2024-03-14T12:00:00Z">14 March, 2024</time> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </span></div></div> <div class="views-row col-md-4"><div class="views-field views-field-rendered-entity"><span class="field-content"> <div data-history-node-id="189664" id="preview-card--6" class="component-preview-cards box-pattern feature_story_page" style="background:url('/sites/default/files/styles/large/public/2024-03/4835-crop-min_0.jpg?itok=W35pwI--') no-repeat center center / cover" data-background="/sites/default/files/styles/large/public/2024-03/4835-crop-min_0.jpg?itok=W35pwI--" class="component-preview-cards box-pattern feature_story_page"> <a class="box-link" target="" href="/news/series/cern70/cern70-tracing-particles"></a> <div class="component-preview-cards__veil"></div> <div class="component-preview-cards__box_wrapper"> <div class="component-preview-cards__box"> <div class="preview-card__title"> <h3 class="standard-title"> <a href="/news/series/cern70/cern70-tracing-particles" hreflang="en" title="CERN70: Tracing particles"> <span> CERN70: Tracing particles </span> </a> </h3> </div> <div class="preview-card__body"></div> <div class="preview-cards__subtext"> <div class="preview-card__category" style="color:"> CERN70 </div> <div class="preview-card__date" style="color:"> <time datetime="2024-03-26T12:00:00Z">26 March, 2024</time> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </span></div></div> </div> <div class="carousel-cern-item row"> <div class="views-row col-md-4"><div class="views-field views-field-rendered-entity"><span class="field-content"> <div data-history-node-id="189809" id="preview-card--7" class="component-preview-cards box-pattern feature_story_page" style="background:url('/sites/default/files/styles/large/public/2024-04/6510083-1440-min.jpg?itok=aeuCDMJI') no-repeat center center / cover" data-background="/sites/default/files/styles/large/public/2024-04/6510083-1440-min.jpg?itok=aeuCDMJI" class="component-preview-cards box-pattern feature_story_page"> <a class="box-link" target="" href="/news/series/cern70/cern70-cutting-edge-computing"></a> <div class="component-preview-cards__veil"></div> <div class="component-preview-cards__box_wrapper"> <div class="component-preview-cards__box"> <div class="preview-card__title"> <h3 class="standard-title"> <a href="/news/series/cern70/cern70-cutting-edge-computing" hreflang="en" title="CERN70: Cutting-edge computing"> <span> CERN70: Cutting-edge computing </span> </a> </h3> </div> <div class="preview-card__body"></div> <div class="preview-cards__subtext"> <div class="preview-card__category" style="color:"> CERN70 </div> <div class="preview-card__date" style="color:"> <time datetime="2024-04-17T12:00:00Z">17 April, 2024</time> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </span></div></div> <div class="views-row col-md-4"><div class="views-field views-field-rendered-entity"><span class="field-content"> <div data-history-node-id="189888" id="preview-card--8" class="component-preview-cards box-pattern feature_story_page" style="background:url('/sites/default/files/styles/large/public/2024-05/6910413-min.jpg?itok=GCM_5YN5') no-repeat center center / cover" data-background="/sites/default/files/styles/large/public/2024-05/6910413-min.jpg?itok=GCM_5YN5" class="component-preview-cards box-pattern feature_story_page"> <a class="box-link" target="" href="/news/series/cern70/cern70-nucleus-laboratory"></a> <div class="component-preview-cards__veil"></div> <div class="component-preview-cards__box_wrapper"> <div class="component-preview-cards__box"> <div class="preview-card__title"> <h3 class="standard-title"> <a href="/news/series/cern70/cern70-nucleus-laboratory" hreflang="en" title="CERN70: The nucleus as a laboratory"> <span> CERN70: The nucleus as a laboratory </span> </a> </h3> </div> <div class="preview-card__body"></div> <div class="preview-cards__subtext"> <div class="preview-card__category" style="color:"> CERN70 </div> <div class="preview-card__date" style="color:"> <time datetime="2024-05-02T12:00:00Z">2 May, 2024</time> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </span></div></div> <div class="views-row col-md-4"><div class="views-field views-field-rendered-entity"><span class="field-content"> <div data-history-node-id="189946" id="preview-card--9" class="component-preview-cards box-pattern feature_story_page" style="background:url('/sites/default/files/styles/large/public/2024-05/7008008-A5-at-72-dpi.jpg?itok=kg1s3FFt') no-repeat center center / cover" data-background="/sites/default/files/styles/large/public/2024-05/7008008-A5-at-72-dpi.jpg?itok=kg1s3FFt" class="component-preview-cards box-pattern feature_story_page"> <a class="box-link" target="" href="/news/series/cern70/cern70-electronic-revolution"></a> <div class="component-preview-cards__veil"></div> <div class="component-preview-cards__box_wrapper"> <div class="component-preview-cards__box"> <div class="preview-card__title"> <h3 class="standard-title"> <a href="/news/series/cern70/cern70-electronic-revolution" hreflang="en" title="CERN70: An electronic revolution"> <span> CERN70: An electronic revolution </span> </a> </h3> </div> <div class="preview-card__body"></div> <div class="preview-cards__subtext"> <div class="preview-card__category" style="color:"> CERN70 </div> <div class="preview-card__date" style="color:"> <time datetime="2024-05-16T12:00:00Z">16 May, 2024</time> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </span></div></div> </div> <div class="carousel-cern-item row"> <div class="views-row col-md-4"><div class="views-field views-field-rendered-entity"><span class="field-content"> <div data-history-node-id="190007" id="preview-card--10" class="component-preview-cards box-pattern feature_story_page" style="background:url('/sites/default/files/styles/large/public/2024-05/7306087.jpg?itok=LFO1ZHh7') no-repeat center center / cover" data-background="/sites/default/files/styles/large/public/2024-05/7306087.jpg?itok=LFO1ZHh7" class="component-preview-cards box-pattern feature_story_page"> <a class="box-link" target="" href="/news/series/cern70/cern70-worlds-first-hadron-collider"></a> <div class="component-preview-cards__veil"></div> <div class="component-preview-cards__box_wrapper"> <div class="component-preview-cards__box"> <div class="preview-card__title"> <h3 class="standard-title"> <a href="/news/series/cern70/cern70-worlds-first-hadron-collider" hreflang="en" title="CERN70: The world’s first hadron collider"> <span> CERN70: The world’s first hadron collider </span> </a> </h3> </div> <div class="preview-card__body"></div> <div class="preview-cards__subtext"> <div class="preview-card__category" style="color:"> CERN70 </div> <div class="preview-card__date" style="color:"> <time datetime="2024-05-29T12:00:00Z">29 May, 2024</time> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </span></div></div> <div class="views-row col-md-4"><div class="views-field views-field-rendered-entity"><span class="field-content"> <div data-history-node-id="190387" id="preview-card--11" class="component-preview-cards box-pattern feature_story_page" style="background:url('/sites/default/files/styles/large/public/2024-06/7011042-A4-at-144-dpi-crop.jpg?itok=XIg3oKuS') no-repeat center center / cover" data-background="/sites/default/files/styles/large/public/2024-06/7011042-A4-at-144-dpi-crop.jpg?itok=XIg3oKuS" class="component-preview-cards box-pattern feature_story_page"> <a class="box-link" target="" href="/news/series/cern70/cern70-gargantuan-discovery"></a> <div class="component-preview-cards__veil"></div> <div class="component-preview-cards__box_wrapper"> <div class="component-preview-cards__box"> <div class="preview-card__title"> <h3 class="standard-title"> <a href="/news/series/cern70/cern70-gargantuan-discovery" hreflang="en" title="CERN70: A gargantuan discovery"> <span> CERN70: A gargantuan discovery </span> </a> </h3> </div> <div class="preview-card__body"></div> <div class="preview-cards__subtext"> <div class="preview-card__category" style="color:"> CERN70 </div> <div class="preview-card__date" style="color:"> <time datetime="2024-06-13T12:00:00Z">13 June, 2024</time> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </span></div></div> <div class="views-row col-md-4"><div class="views-field views-field-rendered-entity"><span class="field-content"> <div data-history-node-id="190508" id="preview-card--12" class="component-preview-cards box-pattern feature_story_page" style="background:url('/sites/default/files/styles/large/public/2024-06/7402048.jpg?itok=Sf8DLaSI') no-repeat center center / cover" data-background="/sites/default/files/styles/large/public/2024-06/7402048.jpg?itok=Sf8DLaSI" class="component-preview-cards box-pattern feature_story_page"> <a class="box-link" target="" href="/news/series/cern70/cern70-two-stage-rocket"></a> <div class="component-preview-cards__veil"></div> <div class="component-preview-cards__box_wrapper"> <div class="component-preview-cards__box"> <div class="preview-card__title"> <h3 class="standard-title"> <a href="/news/series/cern70/cern70-two-stage-rocket" hreflang="en" title="CERN70: A two-stage rocket"> <span> CERN70: A two-stage rocket </span> </a> </h3> </div> <div class="preview-card__body"></div> <div class="preview-cards__subtext"> <div class="preview-card__category" style="color:"> CERN70 </div> <div class="preview-card__date" style="color:"> <time datetime="2024-06-27T12:00:00Z">27 June, 2024</time> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </span></div></div> </div> <div class="carousel-cern-item row"> <div class="views-row col-md-4"><div class="views-field views-field-rendered-entity"><span class="field-content"> <div data-history-node-id="190574" id="preview-card--13" class="component-preview-cards box-pattern feature_story_page" style="background:url('/sites/default/files/styles/large/public/2024-07/8104591-A4-at-144-dpi-crop-1440.jpg?itok=ZUocwwyv') no-repeat center center / cover" data-background="/sites/default/files/styles/large/public/2024-07/8104591-A4-at-144-dpi-crop-1440.jpg?itok=ZUocwwyv" class="component-preview-cards box-pattern feature_story_page"> <a class="box-link" target="" href="/news/series/cern70/cern70-end-alphabet"></a> <div class="component-preview-cards__veil"></div> <div class="component-preview-cards__box_wrapper"> <div class="component-preview-cards__box"> <div class="preview-card__title"> <h3 class="standard-title"> <a href="/news/series/cern70/cern70-end-alphabet" hreflang="en" title="CERN70: The end of the alphabet"> <span> CERN70: The end of the alphabet </span> </a> </h3> </div> <div class="preview-card__body"></div> <div class="preview-cards__subtext"> <div class="preview-card__category" style="color:"> CERN70 </div> <div class="preview-card__date" style="color:"> <time datetime="2024-07-11T12:00:00Z">11 July, 2024</time> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </span></div></div> <div class="views-row col-md-4"><div class="views-field views-field-rendered-entity"><span class="field-content"> <div data-history-node-id="190631" id="preview-card--14" class="component-preview-cards box-pattern feature_story_page" style="background:url('/sites/default/files/styles/large/public/2024-07/icon1440-1987-12_X_CERN_00066_0007.jpg?itok=kJooNxxD') no-repeat center center / cover" data-background="/sites/default/files/styles/large/public/2024-07/icon1440-1987-12_X_CERN_00066_0007.jpg?itok=kJooNxxD" class="component-preview-cards box-pattern feature_story_page"> <a class="box-link" target="" href="/news/series/cern70/cern70-green-light-lep"></a> <div class="component-preview-cards__veil"></div> <div class="component-preview-cards__box_wrapper"> <div class="component-preview-cards__box"> <div class="preview-card__title"> <h3 class="standard-title"> <a href="/news/series/cern70/cern70-green-light-lep" hreflang="en" title="CERN70: Green light for LEP"> <span> CERN70: Green light for LEP </span> </a> </h3> </div> <div class="preview-card__body"></div> <div class="preview-cards__subtext"> <div class="preview-card__category" style="color:"> CERN70 </div> <div class="preview-card__date" style="color:"> <time datetime="2024-07-31T12:00:00Z">31 July, 2024</time> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </span></div></div> <div class="views-row col-md-4"><div class="views-field views-field-rendered-entity"><span class="field-content"> <div data-history-node-id="190780" id="preview-card--15" class="component-preview-cards box-pattern feature_story_page" style="background:url('/sites/default/files/styles/large/public/2024-08/FirstProposalMarch1989.jpg?itok=8tLgRoxL') no-repeat center center / cover" data-background="/sites/default/files/styles/large/public/2024-08/FirstProposalMarch1989.jpg?itok=8tLgRoxL" class="component-preview-cards box-pattern feature_story_page"> <a class="box-link" target="" href="/news/series/cern70/cern70-where-web-was-born"></a> <div class="component-preview-cards__veil"></div> <div class="component-preview-cards__box_wrapper"> <div class="component-preview-cards__box"> <div class="preview-card__title"> <h3 class="standard-title"> <a href="/news/series/cern70/cern70-where-web-was-born" hreflang="en" title="CERN70: Where the Web was born…"> <span> CERN70: Where the Web was born… </span> </a> </h3> </div> <div class="preview-card__body"></div> <div class="preview-cards__subtext"> <div class="preview-card__category" style="color:"> CERN70 </div> <div class="preview-card__date" style="color:"> <time datetime="2024-08-20T12:00:00Z">20 August, 2024</time> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </span></div></div> </div> <div class="carousel-cern-item row"> <div class="views-row col-md-4"><div class="views-field views-field-rendered-entity"><span class="field-content"> <div data-history-node-id="190889" id="preview-card--16" class="component-preview-cards box-pattern feature_story_page" style="background:url('/sites/default/files/styles/large/public/2024-09/1989-11-601_X_0001-icon-1440.jpg?itok=SeSkIl47') no-repeat center center / cover" data-background="/sites/default/files/styles/large/public/2024-09/1989-11-601_X_0001-icon-1440.jpg?itok=SeSkIl47" class="component-preview-cards box-pattern feature_story_page"> <a class="box-link" target="" href="/news/series/cern70/cern70-antiworld"></a> <div class="component-preview-cards__veil"></div> <div class="component-preview-cards__box_wrapper"> <div class="component-preview-cards__box"> <div class="preview-card__title"> <h3 class="standard-title"> <a href="/news/series/cern70/cern70-antiworld" hreflang="en" title="CERN70: Into the antiworld"> <span> CERN70: Into the antiworld </span> </a> </h3> </div> <div class="preview-card__body"></div> <div class="preview-cards__subtext"> <div class="preview-card__category" style="color:"> CERN70 </div> <div class="preview-card__date" style="color:"> <time datetime="2024-09-03T12:00:00Z">3 September, 2024</time> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </span></div></div> <div class="views-row col-md-4"><div class="views-field views-field-rendered-entity"><span class="field-content"> <div data-history-node-id="191005" id="preview-card--17" class="component-preview-cards box-pattern feature_story_page" style="background:url('/sites/default/files/styles/large/public/2024-09/Peter-Ginter-72-1440.jpg?itok=aQxz5-zn') no-repeat center center / cover" data-background="/sites/default/files/styles/large/public/2024-09/Peter-Ginter-72-1440.jpg?itok=aQxz5-zn" class="component-preview-cards box-pattern feature_story_page"> <a class="box-link" target="" href="/news/series/cern70/cern70-superconductors-accelerate-progress"></a> <div class="component-preview-cards__veil"></div> <div class="component-preview-cards__box_wrapper"> <div class="component-preview-cards__box"> <div class="preview-card__title"> <h3 class="standard-title"> <a href="/news/series/cern70/cern70-superconductors-accelerate-progress" hreflang="en" title="CERN70: Superconductors accelerate progress"> <span> CERN70: Superconductors accelerate progress </span> </a> </h3> </div> <div class="preview-card__body"></div> <div class="preview-cards__subtext"> <div class="preview-card__category" style="color:"> CERN70 </div> <div class="preview-card__date" style="color:"> <time datetime="2024-09-20T12:00:00Z">20 September, 2024</time> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </span></div></div> <div class="views-row col-md-4"><div class="views-field views-field-rendered-entity"><span class="field-content"> <div data-history-node-id="191097" id="preview-card--18" class="component-preview-cards box-pattern feature_story_page" style="background:url('/sites/default/files/styles/large/public/2024-10/0504028_06-A4-at-144-dpi-crop.jpg?itok=RE9EN6uz') no-repeat center center / cover" data-background="/sites/default/files/styles/large/public/2024-10/0504028_06-A4-at-144-dpi-crop.jpg?itok=RE9EN6uz" class="component-preview-cards box-pattern feature_story_page"> <a class="box-link" target="" href="/news/series/cern70/cern70-switching-large-hadron-collider"></a> <div class="component-preview-cards__veil"></div> <div class="component-preview-cards__box_wrapper"> <div class="component-preview-cards__box"> <div class="preview-card__title"> <h3 class="standard-title"> <a href="/news/series/cern70/cern70-switching-large-hadron-collider" hreflang="en" title="CERN70: Switching on the Large Hadron Collider"> <span> CERN70: Switching on the Large Hadron Collide... </span> </a> </h3> </div> <div class="preview-card__body"></div> <div class="preview-cards__subtext"> <div class="preview-card__category" style="color:"> CERN70 </div> <div class="preview-card__date" style="color:"> <time datetime="2024-10-04T12:00:00Z">4 October, 2024</time> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </span></div></div> </div> <div class="carousel-cern-item row"> <div class="views-row col-md-4"><div class="views-field views-field-rendered-entity"><span class="field-content"> <div data-history-node-id="191137" id="preview-card--19" class="component-preview-cards box-pattern feature_story_page" style="background:url('/sites/default/files/styles/large/public/2024-10/201902-053_01.jpg?itok=Xmvb8_VU') no-repeat center center / cover" data-background="/sites/default/files/styles/large/public/2024-10/201902-053_01.jpg?itok=Xmvb8_VU" class="component-preview-cards box-pattern feature_story_page"> <a class="box-link" target="" href="/news/series/cern70/cern70-tasting-primordial-soup"></a> <div class="component-preview-cards__veil"></div> <div class="component-preview-cards__box_wrapper"> <div class="component-preview-cards__box"> <div class="preview-card__title"> <h3 class="standard-title"> <a href="/news/series/cern70/cern70-tasting-primordial-soup" hreflang="en" title="CERN70: Tasting the primordial soup"> <span> CERN70: Tasting the primordial soup </span> </a> </h3> </div> <div class="preview-card__body"></div> <div class="preview-cards__subtext"> <div class="preview-card__category" style="color:"> CERN70 </div> <div class="preview-card__date" style="color:"> <time datetime="2024-10-18T12:00:00Z">18 October, 2024</time> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </span></div></div> <div class="views-row col-md-4"><div class="views-field views-field-rendered-entity"><span class="field-content"> <div data-history-node-id="191234" id="preview-card--20" class="component-preview-cards box-pattern feature_story_page" style="background:url('/sites/default/files/styles/large/public/2024-11/higgs-cover.png?itok=i_wcxsxj') no-repeat center center / cover" data-background="/sites/default/files/styles/large/public/2024-11/higgs-cover.png?itok=i_wcxsxj" class="component-preview-cards box-pattern feature_story_page"> <a class="box-link" target="" href="/news/series/cern70/cern70-announcing-higgs-boson-discovery"></a> <div class="component-preview-cards__veil"></div> <div class="component-preview-cards__box_wrapper"> <div class="component-preview-cards__box"> <div class="preview-card__title"> <h3 class="standard-title"> <a href="/news/series/cern70/cern70-announcing-higgs-boson-discovery" hreflang="en" title="CERN70: The discovery of the Higgs boson, a giant leap for science"> <span> CERN70: The discovery of the Higgs boson, a g... </span> </a> </h3> </div> <div class="preview-card__body"></div> <div class="preview-cards__subtext"> <div class="preview-card__category" style="color:"> CERN70 </div> <div class="preview-card__date" style="color:"> <time datetime="2024-10-31T12:00:00Z">31 October, 2024</time> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </span></div></div> <div class="views-row col-md-4"><div class="views-field views-field-rendered-entity"><span class="field-content"> <div data-history-node-id="191293" id="preview-card--21" class="component-preview-cards box-pattern feature_story_page" style="background:url('/sites/default/files/styles/large/public/2024-11/CCSupp_1_Detectors_PET-2.jpg?itok=BnlgPzM0') no-repeat center center / cover" data-background="/sites/default/files/styles/large/public/2024-11/CCSupp_1_Detectors_PET-2.jpg?itok=BnlgPzM0" class="component-preview-cards box-pattern feature_story_page"> <a class="box-link" target="" href="/news/series/cern70/cern70-physics-medicine"></a> <div class="component-preview-cards__veil"></div> <div class="component-preview-cards__box_wrapper"> <div class="component-preview-cards__box"> <div class="preview-card__title"> <h3 class="standard-title"> <a href="/news/series/cern70/cern70-physics-medicine" hreflang="en" title="CERN70: From physics to medicine"> <span> CERN70: From physics to medicine </span> </a> </h3> </div> <div class="preview-card__body"></div> <div class="preview-cards__subtext"> <div class="preview-card__category" style="color:"> CERN70 </div> <div class="preview-card__date" style="color:"> <time datetime="2024-11-14T12:00:00Z">14 November, 2024</time> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </span></div></div> </div> <div class="carousel-cern-item row"> <div class="views-row col-md-4"><div class="views-field views-field-rendered-entity"><span class="field-content"> <div data-history-node-id="191393" id="preview-card--22" class="component-preview-cards box-pattern feature_story_page" style="background:url('/sites/default/files/styles/large/public/2024-11/1008294_02_0.jpg?itok=KHqSE2Lu') no-repeat center center / cover" data-background="/sites/default/files/styles/large/public/2024-11/1008294_02_0.jpg?itok=KHqSE2Lu" class="component-preview-cards box-pattern feature_story_page"> <a class="box-link" target="" href="/news/series/cern70/cern70-continuing-cerns-legacy-open-science"></a> <div class="component-preview-cards__veil"></div> <div class="component-preview-cards__box_wrapper"> <div class="component-preview-cards__box"> <div class="preview-card__title"> <h3 class="standard-title"> <a href="/news/series/cern70/cern70-continuing-cerns-legacy-open-science" hreflang="en" title="CERN70: Continuing CERN’s legacy of open science"> <span> CERN70: Continuing CERN’s legacy of open scie... </span> </a> </h3> </div> <div class="preview-card__body"></div> <div class="preview-cards__subtext"> <div class="preview-card__category" style="color:"> CERN70 </div> <div class="preview-card__date" style="color:"> <time datetime="2024-11-28T12:00:00Z">28 November, 2024</time> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </span></div></div> <div class="views-row col-md-4"><div class="views-field views-field-rendered-entity"><span class="field-content"> <div data-history-node-id="191465" id="preview-card--23" class="component-preview-cards box-pattern feature_story_page" style="background:url('/sites/default/files/styles/large/public/2024-12/202302-032%20-%202_0.jpeg?itok=kq5bLFFx') no-repeat center center / cover" data-background="/sites/default/files/styles/large/public/2024-12/202302-032%20-%202_0.jpeg?itok=kq5bLFFx" class="component-preview-cards box-pattern feature_story_page"> <a class="box-link" target="" href="/news/series/cern70/cern70-preparing-future"></a> <div class="component-preview-cards__veil"></div> <div class="component-preview-cards__box_wrapper"> <div class="component-preview-cards__box"> <div class="preview-card__title"> <h3 class="standard-title"> <a href="/news/series/cern70/cern70-preparing-future" hreflang="en" title="CERN70: Preparing for the future"> <span> CERN70: Preparing for the future </span> </a> </h3> </div> <div class="preview-card__body"></div> <div class="preview-cards__subtext"> <div class="preview-card__category" style="color:"> CERN70 </div> <div class="preview-card__date" style="color:"> <time datetime="2024-12-12T12:00:00Z">12 December, 2024</time> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </span></div></div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </section> </div> </div> </div> </div> </main> <footer role="contentinfo"> <div class="row cern-footer"> <div class="col-xs-12 col-sm-4 col-md-4 col-lg-4 footer-first-col"> <div class="region region-footercolumn1"> <section id="block-followus" class="block block-block-content block-block-content6d2579e3-b650-496f-b854-0c744e176f43 clearfix"> <div class="block-custom-wrapper block-content block-content--type-basic block-content--view-mode-full ds-1col clearfix"> <div class="field field--name-field-visible-title field--type-string field--label-hidden field--item"> <p>Follow Us</p> </div> <div class="field field--name-body field--type-text-with-summary field--label-hidden field--item"><p style="font-size:36px; font-family: CERNIcons, CernIcons, cern-icons; display: flex; gap: 10px;"><a href="http://www.facebook.com/cern"><img alt="Facebook icon" data-entity-type="file" data-entity-uuid="5da97013-d976-42e3-aaf3-c2cdf2683c3d" height="40" src="/sites/default/files/inline-images/lburdych/Facebook.png" width="40" loading="lazy"> </a> <a href="http://www.instagram.com/cern"> <img alt="Instagram icon" data-entity-type="file" data-entity-uuid="e80bf359-c309-4a5e-ae36-a6d4b950b285" height="40" src="/sites/default/files/inline-images/lburdych/Instagram.png" width="40" loading="lazy"> </a> <a href="https://www.tiktok.com/@cern_ontiktok"> <img alt="TikTok icon" data-entity-type="file" data-entity-uuid="8fc6b5aa-066e-4eb5-88de-56b61690e174" height="40" src="/sites/default/files/inline-images/lburdych/TikTok_0.png" width="40" loading="lazy"></a> <a href="https://x.com/CERN"> <img alt="X icon" data-entity-type="file" data-entity-uuid="f1391fcf-1b27-42d5-9712-2052e2fceee5" height="40" src="/sites/default/files/inline-images/lburdych/X.png" width="40" loading="lazy"> </a> <a href="http://www.linkedin.com/company/cern"> <img alt="LinkedIn icon" data-entity-type="file" data-entity-uuid="8674b1e8-b762-48f5-a649-f251a0eb6ad7" height="40" src="/sites/default/files/inline-images/lburdych/LinkedIn.png" width="40" loading="lazy"> </a> <a href="http://www.youtube.com/user/cerntv"> <img alt="Youtube icon" data-entity-type="file" data-entity-uuid="d429f87c-f790-4309-b0be-970374a526f9" height="40" src="/sites/default/files/inline-images/lburdych/Youtube.png" width="40" loading="lazy"></a></p> <p> </p> <p><a href="https://linktr.ee/CERN_official" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">More Social Media Accounts</a></p> </div> </div> </section> </div> </div> <div class="col-xs-12 col-sm-8 col-md-8 col-lg-8 footer-second-col"> <div class="row">  <div class="col-sm-5 col-md-4 col-md-offset-0 col-lg-4 col-lg-offset-0"> <div class="region region-footercolumn2"> <nav role="navigation" aria-labelledby="block-findusmenu-menu" id="block-findusmenu"> <h2 id="block-findusmenu-menu">Find us</h2> <ul class="menu menu--find-us-menu nav"> <li class="first"> <a href="/contact" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/150">Contact us</a> </li> <li class="last"> <a href="/directions" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/153">Getting here</a> </li> </ul> </nav> <section id="block-contactus" class="block block-block-content block-block-content17426485-662a-41e2-b3c6-3e42f882ec6f clearfix"> <div class="block-custom-wrapper block-content block-content--type-basic block-content--view-mode-full ds-1col clearfix"> <div class="field field--name-body field--type-text-with-summary field--label-hidden field--item"><p> </p> <ul> <li>CERN</li> <li>Esplanade des Particules 1</li> <li>P.O. Box</li> <li>1211 Geneva 23</li> <li>Switzerland</li> </ul> </div> </div> </section> </div> </div>  <div class="col-sm-6 col-sm-offset-1 col-md-4 col-md-offset-0 col-lg-4"> <div class=" mb-4"> <div class="region region-footercolumn3"> <nav role="navigation" aria-labelledby="block-connectwithusfooter-menu" id="block-connectwithusfooter"> <h2 id="block-connectwithusfooter-menu">CERN & You</h2> <ul class="menu menu--connect-with-us-footer nav"> <li class="first"> <a href="http://cern.ch/procurement">Doing business with CERN</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://cern.ch/knowledgetransfer">Knowledge transfer</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://voisins.web.cern.ch/en">CERN's neighbours</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://cernandsocietyfoundation.cern">CERN & Society Foundation</a> </li> <li> <a href="/partnerships" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/160">Partnerships</a> </li> <li class="last"> <a href="https://alumni.cern">Alumni</a> </li> </ul> </nav> </div> </div> </div>  <div class="col-sm-6 col-sm-offset-6 col-md-4 col-md-offset-0 col-lg-4 col-lg-offset-0"> <div class=" mb-4"> <div class="region region-footercolumn4"> <nav role="navigation" aria-labelledby="block-generalinfofooter-menu" id="block-generalinfofooter"> <h2 id="block-generalinfofooter-menu">General Information</h2> <ul class="menu menu--general-info-footer nav"> <li class="first"> <a href="https://careers.cern">Careers</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://visit.cern/">Visits</a> </li> <li> <a href="/data-privacy-protection-policy" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/166">Privacy policy</a> </li> <li class="last"> <a href="/cookies" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/165">Cookie Management</a> </li> </ul> </nav> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="copy-wrapper"> <a href="https://copyright.web.cern.ch/"> Copyright </a>  © 2025 CERN</div> </footer> </div> <script type="application/json" data-drupal-selector="drupal-settings-json">{"path":{"baseUrl":"\/","pathPrefix":"","currentPath":"node\/191293","currentPathIsAdmin":false,"isFront":false,"currentLanguage":"en"},"pluralDelimiter":"\u0003","suppressDeprecationErrors":true,"ajaxPageState":{"libraries":"eJx1Tm1yAyEIvZDRI-3gSndtVBzATXL7arZtYmf6Q-B98MQTqShDdZUqHcjG_zJKlDRWsyKXJRGEWDY3wPd8CsPlgd07eCoeBN2WyEO6iD7Sz0ZtPsX1r_IRk2JPgaqRismg-yfcnaC2OhBlcmczFRi2fuAuLnCrkOyLse3Mlx2DkYcoZjcOMS0uFbR_UaQT63VjaiXY1zg5doSAvPhE69WGeETpR8m_FrEr9BDBdEnRM_BjsmbgLRZ7tlnB0mzGEGGiK-MR8bb01GDfweRiutn-Jk7xrnYUM3bEPavNFFrCL_2KwiM","theme":"cernpublic","theme_token":null},"ajaxTrustedUrl":{"\/search\/node":true},"mathjax":{"config_type":1,"config":{"tex2jax":{"inlineMath":[["$","$"],["\$","\$"]],"processEscapes":"true"},"showProcessingMessages":"false","messageStyle":"none"}},"matomo":{"disableCookies":false,"trackMailto":true},"bootstrap":{"forms_has_error_value_toggle":1,"modal_animation":1,"modal_backdrop":"true","modal_focus_input":1,"modal_keyboard":1,"modal_select_text":1,"modal_show":1,"modal_size":"","popover_enabled":1,"popover_animation":1,"popover_auto_close":1,"popover_container":"body","popover_content":"","popover_delay":"0","popover_html":0,"popover_placement":"right","popover_selector":"","popover_title":"","popover_trigger":"click","tooltip_enabled":1,"tooltip_animation":1,"tooltip_container":"body","tooltip_delay":"0","tooltip_html":0,"tooltip_placement":"auto left","tooltip_selector":"","tooltip_trigger":"hover"},"cern_hero_header":{"slide_time":[0]},"user":{"uid":0,"permissionsHash":"d9424c080bbbe1a8753db67d35f7a21a172caba20b11035cebfda4e6e296dd93"}}</script> <script src="/core/assets/vendor/jquery/jquery.min.js?v=3.7.1"></script> <script src="/core/assets/vendor/underscore/underscore-min.js?v=1.13.6"></script> <script src="/core/assets/vendor/once/once.min.js?v=1.0.1"></script> <script src="/sites/default/files/languages/en_p5SjUX5jHQqdSjFPWYikWHznV7uBLdbvuWpmhxPwWHg.js?sr5yaa"></script> <script src="/core/misc/drupalSettingsLoader.js?v=10.3.10"></script> <script src="/core/misc/drupal.js?v=10.3.10"></script> <script src="/core/misc/drupal.init.js?v=10.3.10"></script> <script src="/core/assets/vendor/tabbable/index.umd.min.js?v=6.2.0"></script> <script src="/modules/custom/cern-loading/js/cern_loading.js?sr5yaa"></script> <script src="/sites/default/modules/mathjax/js/config.js?v=10.3.10"></script> <script src="/libraries/MathJax/MathJax.js?config=TeX-AMS-MML_HTMLorMML"></script> <script src="/sites/default/modules/mathjax/js/setup.js?v=10.3.10"></script> <script src="/modules/contrib/matomo/js/matomo.js?v=10.3.10"></script> <script src="/core/misc/progress.js?v=10.3.10"></script> <script src="/themes/contrib/bootstrap/js/misc/progress.js?sr5yaa"></script> <script src="/core/assets/vendor/loadjs/loadjs.min.js?v=4.3.0"></script> <script src="/core/misc/debounce.js?v=10.3.10"></script> <script src="/core/misc/announce.js?v=10.3.10"></script> <script src="/core/misc/message.js?v=10.3.10"></script> <script src="/themes/contrib/bootstrap/js/misc/message.js?sr5yaa"></script> <script src="/core/misc/ajax.js?v=10.3.10"></script> <script src="/themes/contrib/bootstrap/js/misc/ajax.js?sr5yaa"></script> <script src="//framework.web.cern.ch/framework/3.0/js/prism/prism.js"></script> <script src="/sites/default/themes/custom/cernbase/js/cernbase.js?sr5yaa"></script> <script src="/sites/default/themes/custom/cernbase/js/components/social-sharing.js?sr5yaa"></script> <script src="/sites/default/themes/custom/cernbase/js/components/footer.js?sr5yaa"></script> <script src="/sites/default/themes/custom/cernbase/js/views/agenda-views.js?sr5yaa"></script> <script src="/sites/default/themes/custom/cernbase/js/views/faq-views.js?sr5yaa"></script> <script src="/sites/default/themes/custom/cernbase/js/views/news-views.js?sr5yaa"></script> <script src="/sites/default/themes/custom/cernbase/js/views/resources-views.js?sr5yaa"></script> <script src="/sites/default/themes/custom/cernbase/js/views/stories-views.js?sr5yaa"></script> <script src="/sites/default/themes/custom/cernbase/js/views/taxonomies-views.js?sr5yaa"></script> <script src="/sites/default/themes/custom/cernbase/js/views/search-views.js?sr5yaa"></script> <script src="/sites/default/themes/custom/cernbase/js/views/common-views.js?sr5yaa"></script> <script src="/sites/default/themes/custom/cernbase/js/box-effects.js?sr5yaa"></script> <script src="//framework.web.cern.ch/framework/3.0/js/colorbox/jquery.colorbox-min.js"></script> <script src="//framework.web.cern.ch/framework/3.0/js/scroll-magic/ScrollMagic.min.js"></script> <script src="//framework.web.cern.ch/framework/3.0/js/scroll-magic/text-effects.js"></script> <script src="//framework.web.cern.ch/framework/3.0/js/owlcarousel/js/owl.carousel.js"></script> <script src="//framework.web.cern.ch/framework/3.0/js/owlcarousel/js/owl.carousel2.thumbs.js"></script> <script src="/sites/default/themes/custom/cernpublic/js/views_carousel.js?sr5yaa"></script> <script src="/sites/default/themes/custom/cernpublic/js/anchor-fix.js?sr5yaa"></script> <script src="/sites/default/themes/custom/cernbase/sass/bootstrap/javascripts/bootstrap.min.js?sr5yaa"></script> <script src="/themes/contrib/bootstrap/js/drupal.bootstrap.js?sr5yaa"></script> <script src="/themes/contrib/bootstrap/js/attributes.js?sr5yaa"></script> <script src="/themes/contrib/bootstrap/js/theme.js?sr5yaa"></script> <script src="/themes/contrib/bootstrap/js/popover.js?sr5yaa"></script> <script src="/themes/contrib/bootstrap/js/tooltip.js?sr5yaa"></script> <script src="/modules/custom/cern-components/patterns/molecules/preview-card/js/component-preview-card.js?sr5yaa"></script> <script src="/modules/custom/cern-components/patterns/molecules/row/js/row.component.js?sr5yaa"></script> <script src="/modules/custom/cern-components/patterns/atoms/background/js/background.js?sr5yaa"></script> <script src="/modules/custom/cern-components/patterns/molecules/header-blocks/js/header_carousel.js?sr5yaa"></script> <script src="/modules/custom/cern-toolbar/assets/js/cern_toolbar.js?v=1.x"></script> <script src="/modules/custom/cern-components/patterns/molecules/menu/js/menu.component.js?sr5yaa"></script> </body> </html>

CINXE.COM

CERN70: From physics to medicine | CERN