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mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ginocentrisme" title="Ginocentrisme – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Ginocentrisme" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gynozentrismus" title="Gynozentrismus – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Gynozentrismus" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%93%CF%85%CE%BD%CE%B1%CE%B9%CE%BA%CE%BF%CE%BA%CE%B5%CE%BD%CF%84%CF%81%CE%B9%CF%83%CE%BC%CF%8C%CF%82" title="Γυναικοκεντρισμός – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Γυναικοκεντρισμός" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ginocentrismo" title="Ginocentrismo – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Ginocentrismo" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B2%D9%86%E2%80%8C%DA%A9%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%88%D9%86%DB%8C" title="زن‌کانونی – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="زن‌کانونی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gynocentrisme" title="Gynocentrisme – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Gynocentrisme" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%97%AC%EC%84%B1%EC%A4%91%EC%8B%AC%EC%A3%BC%EC%9D%98" title="여성중심주의 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="여성중심주의" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ginocentrismo" title="Ginocentrismo – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Ginocentrismo" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%92%D7%99%D7%A0%D7%95%D7%A6%D7%A0%D7%98%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%95%D7%AA" title="גינוצנטריות – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="גינוצנטריות" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pam mw-list-item"><a href="https://pam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hinosentrismu" title="Hinosentrismu – Pampanga" lang="pam" hreflang="pam" data-title="Hinosentrismu" data-language-autonym="Kapampangan" data-language-local-name="Pampanga" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kapampangan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gynocentrism" title="Gynocentrism – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Gynocentrism" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ginocentrizmas" title="Ginocentrizmas – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Ginocentrizmas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gynocentrisme" title="Gynocentrisme – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Gynocentrisme" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ginocentryzm" title="Ginocentryzm – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Ginocentryzm" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ginocentrismo" title="Ginocentrismo – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Ginocentrismo" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%86%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BC" title="Гиноцентризм – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Гиноцентризм" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gynocentrizmus" title="Gynocentrizmus – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Gynocentrizmus" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%86%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BC" title="Гиноцентризам – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Гиноцентризам" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gynosentrismi" title="Gynosentrismi – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Gynosentrismi" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gynocentrism" title="Gynocentrism – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Gynocentrism" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li 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class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Dominant or exclusive focus on women in theory or practice</div> <p><b>Gynocentrism</b> is a dominant or exclusive focus on women in theory or practice.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Anything can be gynocentric when it is considered exclusively with a female or feminist point of view in mind.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The opposite practice, placing the <a href="/wiki/Masculinity" title="Masculinity">masculine</a> point of view at the centre, is <a href="/wiki/Androcentrism" title="Androcentrism">androcentrism</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Etymology">Etymology</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gynocentrism&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Etymology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The term <i>gynocentrism</i> is derived from <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Greek" title="Ancient Greek">ancient Greek</a>, γυνή and κέντρον. Γυνή can be translated as <i>woman</i> or <i>female</i>, but also as <i>wife</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-Kraus_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kraus-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Liddell_&_Scott_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Liddell_&_Scott-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In ancient Greek compounds with γυνή, the stem γυναικ- is normally used.<sup id="cite_ref-Liddell_&_Scott_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Liddell_&_Scott-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This stem can be spotted in the genitive case γυναικός,<sup id="cite_ref-Kraus_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kraus-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and in the older form of the nominative case γύναιξ.<sup id="cite_ref-Kraus_3-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kraus-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In ancient Greek, no compounds are known to exist with γυνή that start with γυνο- or γυνω-.<sup id="cite_ref-Liddell_&_Scott_4-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Liddell_&_Scott-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The ancient Greek word κέντρον can be translated as <i>sharp point</i>,<sup id="cite_ref-Liddell_&_Scott_4-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Liddell_&_Scott-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <i>sting (of bees and wasps)</i>,<sup id="cite_ref-Liddell_&_Scott_4-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Liddell_&_Scott-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <i>point of a spear</i><sup id="cite_ref-Liddell_&_Scott_4-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Liddell_&_Scott-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <i>stationary point of a pair of compasses</i>,<sup id="cite_ref-Liddell_&_Scott_4-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Liddell_&_Scott-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> with the meaning <i>centre of a circle</i> related to the latter.<sup id="cite_ref-Liddell_&_Scott_4-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Liddell_&_Scott-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The meaning <i>centre/middle point (of a circle)</i> is preserved in the Latin word <i>centrum</i>,<sup id="cite_ref-Lewis_&_Short_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lewis_&_Short-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Saalfeld1884_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Saalfeld1884-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> a <a href="/wiki/Loanword" title="Loanword">loanword</a> from ancient Greek.<sup id="cite_ref-Lewis_&_Short_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lewis_&_Short-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Saalfeld1884_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Saalfeld1884-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The English word <i>centre</i> is derived from the Latin <i>centrum</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-Klein1971_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Klein1971-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The word κέντρον is derived from the verb κεντεῖν,<sup id="cite_ref-Liddell_&_Scott_4-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Liddell_&_Scott-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Saalfeld1884_6-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Saalfeld1884-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> meaning <i>to sting (of bees)</i>,<sup id="cite_ref-Liddell_&_Scott_4-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Liddell_&_Scott-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <i>to prick</i>,<sup id="cite_ref-Liddell_&_Scott_4-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Liddell_&_Scott-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <i>to goad</i>,<sup id="cite_ref-Liddell_&_Scott_4-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Liddell_&_Scott-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <i>to spur</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-Liddell_&_Scott_4-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Liddell_&_Scott-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> When trying to explain etymologically the term <i>gynocentrism</i>, it is important to consider the ancient Greek κέντρον, with the signification <i>middle point/centre</i>, and not the more obvious ancient Greek word κεντρισμός (mirroring <i>-centrism</i>). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gynocentrism&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The term gynocentrism has been in use since at least 1897 when it appeared in The Open Court stating that Continental Europeans view Americans "as suffering rather from gynocentrism than anthropocentrism."<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1914, author <a href="/wiki/George_A._Birmingham" title="George A. Birmingham">George A. Birmingham</a> found American social life to be "gynocentric"; it was "arranged with a view to the convenience and delight of women."<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Beginning with <a href="/wiki/Second-wave_feminism" title="Second-wave feminism">second-wave feminism</a> in the 1970s, the term gynocentrism has been used to describe <a href="/wiki/Difference_feminism" title="Difference feminism">difference feminism</a>, which displayed a shift towards understanding and accepting gender differences, in contrast to <a href="/wiki/Equality_feminism" title="Equality feminism">equality feminism</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Gynocentrism started to appear in the <a href="/wiki/Middle_Ages" title="Middle Ages">Middle Ages</a>, when society became more and more male-dominated, and the role of women became subservient.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="In_contemporary_society">In contemporary society</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gynocentrism&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: In contemporary society"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Men_Going_Their_Own_Way" title="Men Going Their Own Way">Men Going Their Own Way</a> (MGTOW) community describes themselves as a backlash against the "misandry of gynocentrism".<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to University of Massachusetts philosopher Christa Hodapp, in modern men's movements gynocentrism is described as a continuation of the <a href="/wiki/Courtly_love" title="Courtly love">courtly love</a> conventions of medieval times, wherein women were valued as a quasi-<a href="/wiki/Aristocracy_(class)" title="Aristocracy (class)">aristocratic class</a>, and males were seen as a lower serving class. This viewpoint describes <a href="/wiki/Feminism" title="Feminism">feminism</a> as the perpetuation of oppressive medieval conventions such as <a href="/wiki/Domnei" title="Domnei">devotional chivalry</a> and <a href="/wiki/Romance_(love)#Popularization_of_love" title="Romance (love)">romanticized relationships</a>, rather than as a movement towards liberation.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is the opposite of <a href="/wiki/Androcentrism" title="Androcentrism">androcentrism</a>, which is a focus on the male point of view. </p><p>J. Lasky has characterized gynocentrism as a potential response to androcentrism, <sup id="cite_ref-:0_11-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and that gynocentrism has been used as an argument by anti-feminists, who believe that gynocentrism is anti-male.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_11-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In a 2019 study of Trinidad society published in the <i>Justice Policy Journal</i>, researchers concluded that "gynocentrism pervades all aspects of the criminal justice system" as women make up the majority of victims, hospitalizations, and deaths from domestic violence.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:1_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Criticism">Criticism</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gynocentrism&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Criticism"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Christina_Hoff_Sommers" title="Christina Hoff Sommers">Christina Hoff Sommers</a> has argued that gynocentrism is anti-intellectual and holds an antagonistic view of traditional scientific and creative disciplines, dismissing many important discoveries and artistic works as masculine. Sommers also writes that the presumption of objectivity ascribed to many gynocentrist theories has stifled feminist discourse and interpretation.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Feminist writer <a href="/w/index.php?title=Lynda_Burns&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lynda Burns (page does not exist)">Lynda Burns</a> alleges that gynocentrism is a manification of celebration of women's positive differences—of women's history, myths, arts and music—as opposed to an assimilationist model privileging similarity to men.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>However observed in practice, the preeminence of women associated with gynocentric narratives is often seen as absolute: interpersonally, culturally, historically, politically, or in broader social contexts such as popular entertainment. As such, it can shade into what <a href="/wiki/Rosalind_Coward" class="mw-redirect" title="Rosalind Coward">Rosalind Coward</a> called "womanism... a sort of popularized version of feminism which acclaims everything women do and disparages men".<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the 2006 book <i>Legalizing Misandry</i> religious studies professors Paul Nathanson and <a href="/wiki/Katherine_K._Young" title="Katherine K. Young">Katherine K. Young</a> claim that feminist calls for equality or equity are a subterfuge for gynocentrism.<sup id="cite_ref-Katherine_K_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Katherine_K-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Nathanson and Young state that ideologically, the overriding focus of gynocentrism is to prioritize women hierarchically, and as a result may be interpreted as <a href="/wiki/Misandry" title="Misandry">misandry</a> (hatred of and prejudice towards men).<sup id="cite_ref-Katherine_K_20-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Katherine_K-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They claim that gynocentrism as a worldview has become de rigueur in law courts and government bureaucracies, resulting in systemic discrimination against men.<sup id="cite_ref-Katherine_K_20-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Katherine_K-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They define gynocentrism as a form of <a href="/wiki/Essentialism" title="Essentialism">essentialism</a> as it focuses on the innate virtues of women and the innate vices of men.<sup id="cite_ref-Katherine_K_20-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Katherine_K-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>According to Margrit Eichler gynocentrism can be seen as sexist bias in social science research.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gynocentrism&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1259569809">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{clear:left;float:left;margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}</style><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Social_sciences.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Social_sciences.svg/32px-Social_sciences.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Social_sciences.svg/48px-Social_sciences.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Social_sciences.svg/64px-Social_sciences.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="139" data-file-height="122" /></a></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Society" title="Portal:Society">Society portal</a></span></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Androcentrism" title="Androcentrism">Androcentrism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gynocriticism" title="Gynocriticism">Gynocriticism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herstory" title="Herstory">Herstory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matriarchy" title="Matriarchy">Matriarchy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anthropocentrism" title="Anthropocentrism">Anthropocentrism</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gynocentrism&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Staff writer (2009), "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160927230438/https://en.oxforddictionaries.com/definition/gynocentrism">Gynocentrism</a>", in <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFOED" class="citation book cs1">OED (ed.). <i>Oxford English Dictionary - Vers.4.0</i>. Oxford University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780199563838" title="Special:BookSources/9780199563838"><bdi>9780199563838</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Oxford+English+Dictionary+-+Vers.4.0&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.isbn=9780199563838&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGynocentrism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Staff writer (2010), "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170402081315/https://en.oxforddictionaries.com/definition/gynocentric">Gynocentric</a>", in <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFOED2006" class="citation book cs1">OED, ed. (2006). <i>Oxford English Dictionary</i>. Oxford University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780198614241" title="Special:BookSources/9780198614241"><bdi>9780198614241</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Oxford+English+Dictionary&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=9780198614241&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGynocentrism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Kraus-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Kraus_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Kraus_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Kraus_3-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKraus1844" class="citation book cs1">Kraus, Ludwig A. (1844). <i>Kritisch-etymologisches medicinisches Lexikon</i> (Dritte Auflage)<i><span></span></i>. Göttingen, Germany: Deuerlich & Dieterich. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/491993305">491993305</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Kritisch-etymologisches+medicinisches+Lexikon+%28Dritte+Auflage%29&rft.place=G%C3%B6ttingen%2C+Germany&rft.pub=Deuerlich+%26+Dieterich&rft.date=1844&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F491993305&rft.aulast=Kraus&rft.aufirst=Ludwig+A.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGynocentrism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Liddell_&_Scott-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Liddell_&_Scott_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Liddell_&_Scott_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Liddell_&_Scott_4-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Liddell_&_Scott_4-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Liddell_&_Scott_4-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Liddell_&_Scott_4-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Liddell_&_Scott_4-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Liddell_&_Scott_4-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Liddell_&_Scott_4-8"><sup><i><b>i</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Liddell_&_Scott_4-9"><sup><i><b>j</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Liddell_&_Scott_4-10"><sup><i><b>k</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Liddell_&_Scott_4-11"><sup><i><b>l</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Liddell_&_Scott_4-12"><sup><i><b>m</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLiddellScott1940" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Henry_Liddell" title="Henry Liddell">Liddell, Henry G.</a>; <a href="/wiki/Robert_Scott_(philologist)" title="Robert Scott (philologist)">Scott, Robert</a> (1940). <i>A Greek-English lexicon / a new edition revised and augmented throughout / by Sir Henry Stuart Jones; with the assistance of Roderick McKenzie and with the co-operation of many scholars</i>. Oxford: Clarendon Press. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/630078019">630078019</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Greek-English+lexicon+%2F+a+new+edition+revised+and+augmented+throughout+%2F+by+Sir+Henry+Stuart+Jones%3B+with+the+assistance+of+Roderick+McKenzie+and+with+the+co-operation+of+many+scholars&rft.place=Oxford&rft.pub=Clarendon+Press&rft.date=1940&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F630078019&rft.aulast=Liddell&rft.aufirst=Henry+G.&rft.au=Scott%2C+Robert&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGynocentrism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Lewis_&_Short-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Lewis_&_Short_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Lewis_&_Short_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLewisShort1879" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Charlton_Thomas_Lewis" title="Charlton Thomas Lewis">Lewis, Charlton T.</a>; Short, Charles (1879). <i>A Latin dictionary founded on Andrews' edition of Freund's Latin dictionary</i>. Oxford: Clarendon Press. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/223667500">223667500</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Latin+dictionary+founded+on+Andrews%27+edition+of+Freund%27s+Latin+dictionary&rft.place=Oxford&rft.pub=Clarendon+Press&rft.date=1879&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F223667500&rft.aulast=Lewis&rft.aufirst=Charlton+T.&rft.au=Short%2C+Charles&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGynocentrism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Saalfeld1884-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Saalfeld1884_6-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Saalfeld1884_6-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Saalfeld1884_6-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSaalfeld1884" class="citation book cs1">Saalfeld, Günther Alexander Ernst Adolf (1884). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/tensaurusitalog00saalgoog"><i>Tensaurus Italograecus : ausführliches historisch-kritisches Wörterbuch der Griechischen Lehn- und Fremdwörter im Lateinischen</i></a>. Wien: Druck und Verlag von Carl Gerold's Sohn, Buchhändler der Kaiserl. Akademie der Wissenschaften. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/46301119">46301119</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Tensaurus+Italograecus+%3A+ausf%C3%BChrliches+historisch-kritisches+W%C3%B6rterbuch+der+Griechischen+Lehn-+und+Fremdw%C3%B6rter+im+Lateinischen&rft.place=Wien&rft.pub=Druck+und+Verlag+von+Carl+Gerold%27s+Sohn%2C+Buchh%C3%A4ndler+der+Kaiserl.+Akademie+der+Wissenschaften&rft.date=1884&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F46301119&rft.aulast=Saalfeld&rft.aufirst=G%C3%BCnther+Alexander+Ernst+Adolf&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Ftensaurusitalog00saalgoog&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGynocentrism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Klein1971-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Klein1971_7-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKlein1971" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Ernest_Klein" title="Ernest Klein">Klein, Ernest</a> (1971). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/stream/AComprehensiveEtymologicalDictionaryOfTheEnglishLanguageByErnestKlein/A+Comprehensive+Etymological+Dictionary+of+the+English+Language+by+Ernest+Klein_djvu.txt"><i>A comprehensive etymological dictionary of the English language: Dealing with the origin of words and their sense development thus illustration the history of civilization and culture</i></a>. Amsterdam: Elsevier Science B.V. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/802030047">802030047</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+comprehensive+etymological+dictionary+of+the+English+language%3A+Dealing+with+the+origin+of+words+and+their+sense+development+thus+illustration+the+history+of+civilization+and+culture&rft.place=Amsterdam&rft.pub=Elsevier+Science+B.V.&rft.date=1971&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F802030047&rft.aulast=Klein&rft.aufirst=Ernest&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fstream%2FAComprehensiveEtymologicalDictionaryOfTheEnglishLanguageByErnestKlein%2FA%2BComprehensive%2BEtymological%2BDictionary%2Bof%2Bthe%2BEnglish%2BLanguage%2Bby%2BErnest%2BKlein_djvu.txt&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGynocentrism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>The Open Court</i>, Volume 11 (Open Court Publishing Company, 1897)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">George A. Birmingham, <i>From Dublin to Chicago: Some Notes on a Tour in America</i> (George H. Doran Company, 1914)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Nicholson, Linda J. (1997), "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=EcgSDuc2bWQC&pg=PT147">Gynocentrism: women's oppression, women's identity, and women's standpoint</a>", in <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNicholson1997" class="citation book cs1">Nicholson, Linda J., ed. (1997). <i>The second wave: a reader in feminist theory (Volume 1)</i>. New York: Routledge. pp. 147–151. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780415917612" title="Special:BookSources/9780415917612"><bdi>9780415917612</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+second+wave%3A+a+reader+in+feminist+theory+%28Volume+1%29&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=147-151&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=1997&rft.isbn=9780415917612&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGynocentrism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_11-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_11-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_11-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Lasky, J. (2023). Gynocentrism. <i>Salem Press Encyclopedia</i>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDaubney2015" class="citation news cs1"><a href="/wiki/Martin_Daubney" title="Martin Daubney">Daubney, Martin</a> (November 24, 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160415034017/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/men/thinking-man/george-lawlors-story-shows-how-universities-have-become-hostile/">"George Lawlor's story shows how universities have become hostile towards men"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Daily_Telegraph" title="The Daily Telegraph">The Daily Telegraph</a></i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.telegraph.co.uk/men/thinking-man/george-lawlors-story-shows-how-universities-have-become-hostile/">the original</a> on April 15, 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 14,</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Daily+Telegraph&rft.atitle=George+Lawlor%27s+story+shows+how+universities+have+become+hostile+towards+men&rft.date=2015-11-24&rft.aulast=Daubney&rft.aufirst=Martin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.telegraph.co.uk%2Fmen%2Fthinking-man%2Fgeorge-lawlors-story-shows-how-universities-have-become-hostile%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGynocentrism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSmith2016" class="citation journal cs1">Smith, C. Brian (September 28, 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170214053510/https://melmagazine.com/the-straight-men-who-want-nothing-to-do-with-women-2653920a42e8?gi=1552020583e3">"The straight men who want nothing to do with women"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/MEL_Magazine" class="mw-redirect" title="MEL Magazine">MEL Magazine</a></i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://melmagazine.com/the-straight-men-who-want-nothing-to-do-with-women-2653920a42e8#.b6ifgbwn7">the original</a> on February 14, 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=MEL+Magazine&rft.atitle=The+straight+men+who+want+nothing+to+do+with+women&rft.date=2016-09-28&rft.aulast=Smith&rft.aufirst=C.+Brian&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmelmagazine.com%2Fthe-straight-men-who-want-nothing-to-do-with-women-2653920a42e8%23.b6ifgbwn7&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGynocentrism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Christa Hodapp, <i>Men's Rights, Gender, and Social Media</i>, Lexington Books (September 5, 2017) <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1498526160" title="Special:BookSources/1498526160">1498526160</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Wallace, W. C., Gibson, C., Gordon, N. A., Lakhan, R., Mahabir, J., & Seetahal, C. <i>Domestic Violence: Intimate Partner Violence Victimization Non-Reporting to the Police in Trinidad and Tobago.</i> (2019)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:1-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-:1_16-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJoseph-EdwardsWallace2020" class="citation journal cs1">Joseph-Edwards, Avis; Wallace, Wendell C. (2020-09-13). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0192513x20957047">"Suffering in Silence, Shame, Seclusion, and Invisibility: Men as Victims of Female Perpetrated Domestic Violence in Trinidad and Tobago"</a>. <i>Journal of Family Issues</i>. <b>42</b> (8): 1805–1830. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1177%2F0192513x20957047">10.1177/0192513x20957047</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0192-513X">0192-513X</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Family+Issues&rft.atitle=Suffering+in+Silence%2C+Shame%2C+Seclusion%2C+and+Invisibility%3A+Men+as+Victims+of+Female+Perpetrated+Domestic+Violence+in+Trinidad+and+Tobago&rft.volume=42&rft.issue=8&rft.pages=1805-1830&rft.date=2020-09-13&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1177%2F0192513x20957047&rft.issn=0192-513X&rft.aulast=Joseph-Edwards&rft.aufirst=Avis&rft.au=Wallace%2C+Wendell+C.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1177%2F0192513x20957047&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGynocentrism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Christina_Hoff_Sommers" title="Christina Hoff Sommers">Hoff Sommers, Christina</a> (1995), "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=EIUtJziqIqAC&pg=PA64">Transforming the academy</a>", in <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHoff_Sommers1995" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Christina_Hoff_Sommers" title="Christina Hoff Sommers">Hoff Sommers, Christina</a>, ed. 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New York: Simon & Schuster. pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/whostolefeminism00chri/page/64">64–73</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780684801568" title="Special:BookSources/9780684801568"><bdi>9780684801568</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Who+stole+feminism%3F%3A+How+women+have+betrayed+women&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=64-73&rft.pub=Simon+%26+Schuster&rft.date=1995-05&rft.isbn=9780684801568&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGynocentrism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">La Caze, Marguerite (2006), "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=CdfgMEV3f6oC&pg=PT153">Splitting the difference: between Young and Fraser on identity politics</a>", in <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBurns2006" class="citation book cs1">Burns, Lynda, ed. (2006). <span class="id-lock-limited" title="Free access subject to limited trial, subscription normally required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/feministalliance00burn"><i>Feminist alliances</i></a></span>. Amsterdam New York: Rodopi. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/feministalliance00burn/page/n161">153</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9789042017283" title="Special:BookSources/9789042017283"><bdi>9789042017283</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Feminist+alliances&rft.place=Amsterdam+New+York&rft.pages=153&rft.pub=Rodopi&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=9789042017283&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Ffeministalliance00burn&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGynocentrism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Ros_Coward" title="Ros Coward">Coward, Rosalind</a> (2000), "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=PTfaNLyXS0wC&pg=PT19">Introduction</a>", in <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCoward2000" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Ros_Coward" title="Ros Coward">Coward, Rosalind</a>, ed. (2000). <i>Sacred cows: is feminism relevant to the new millennium</i>. London: HarperCollins. p. 11. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780006548201" title="Special:BookSources/9780006548201"><bdi>9780006548201</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Sacred+cows%3A+is+feminism+relevant+to+the+new+millennium&rft.place=London&rft.pages=11&rft.pub=HarperCollins&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=9780006548201&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGynocentrism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Katherine_K-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Katherine_K_20-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Katherine_K_20-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Katherine_K_20-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Katherine_K_20-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNathansonYoung2006" class="citation book cs1">Nathanson, Paul; <a href="/wiki/Katherine_K._Young" title="Katherine K. Young">Young, Katherine K.</a> (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=cqKxhhu55SMC&pg=PT116"><i>Legalizing misandry: from public shame to systemic discrimination against men</i></a>. Montreal Ithaca: McGill-Queen's University Press. pp. 58, 116, 209. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780773559998" title="Special:BookSources/9780773559998"><bdi>9780773559998</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Legalizing+misandry%3A+from+public+shame+to+systemic+discrimination+against+men&rft.place=Montreal+Ithaca&rft.pages=58%2C+116%2C+209&rft.pub=McGill-Queen%27s+University+Press&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=9780773559998&rft.aulast=Nathanson&rft.aufirst=Paul&rft.au=Young%2C+Katherine+K.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DcqKxhhu55SMC%26pg%3DPT116&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGynocentrism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEichler1988" class="citation book cs1">Eichler, Margrit (1988). <i>Non-sexist research methods. A practical guide</i>. <a href="/wiki/Allen_and_Unwin" class="mw-redirect" title="Allen and Unwin">Allen and Unwin</a>. p. 107.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Non-sexist+research+methods.+A+practical+guide&rft.pages=107&rft.pub=Allen+and+Unwin&rft.date=1988&rft.aulast=Eichler&rft.aufirst=Margrit&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGynocentrism" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_book" title="Template:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: date and year (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_date_and_year" title="Category:CS1 maint: date and year">link</a>)</span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gynocentrism&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://newmalestudies.com/OJS/index.php/nms/article/view/311/374">Peter Wright, 'Gynocentrism As A Narcissistic Pathology'</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newmalestudies.com/OJS/index.php/nms/article/view/372/428">Peter Wright, 'Gynocentrism As A Narcissistic Pathology' (Part 2)</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/0277539585900408">Iris M. Young, 'Humanism, Gynocentrism and Feminist Politics'</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://gynocentrism.com/2016/09/10/definition-of-gynocentrism/">Gynocentrism and its Cultural Origins</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://muse.jhu.edu/article/189986">Gynocentric Eco-Logics</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hagia.de/en/matriarchy.html">International Academy HAGIA: Matriarchy</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151003001954/http://www.hagia.de/en/matriarchy.html">Archived</a> 2015-10-03 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist 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feminism">History</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">General</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_feminism" title="Timeline of feminism">Timeline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First-wave_feminism" title="First-wave feminism">First-wave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second-wave_feminism" title="Second-wave feminism">Second-wave</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_second-wave_feminism" title="Timeline of second-wave feminism">timeline</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Third-wave_feminism" title="Third-wave feminism">Third-wave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fourth-wave_feminism" title="Fourth-wave feminism">Fourth-wave</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Social</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bicycling_and_feminism" title="Bicycling and feminism">Bicycling and feminism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feminist_history" title="Feminist history">Feminist history</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women%27s_history" title="Women's history">Women's history</a></li> <li><span class="wrap"><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_women%27s_legal_rights_(other_than_voting)" title="Timeline of women's legal rights (other than voting)">Timeline of women's legal rights (other than voting)</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Women%27s_suffrage" title="Women's suffrage">Women's suffrage</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_women%27s_suffrage" title="Timeline of women's suffrage">Timeline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women%27s_suffrage_in_Australia" title="Women's suffrage in Australia">Australia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women%27s_suffrage_in_Canada" title="Women's suffrage in Canada">Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women%27s_suffrage_in_Japan" title="Women's suffrage in Japan">Japan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women%27s_suffrage_in_Kuwait" title="Women's suffrage in Kuwait">Kuwait</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_first_women%27s_suffrage_in_majority-Muslim_countries" title="Timeline of first women's suffrage in majority-Muslim countries">Majority-Muslim countries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women%27s_suffrage_in_New_Zealand" title="Women's suffrage in New Zealand">New Zealand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women%27s_suffrage_in_Switzerland" title="Women's suffrage in Switzerland">Switzerland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women%27s_suffrage_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Women's suffrage in the United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Women%27s_suffrage_in_Wales" title="Women's suffrage in Wales">Wales</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women%27s_suffrage_in_the_United_States" title="Women's suffrage in the United States">United States</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_women%27s_suffrage_in_the_United_States" title="Timeline of women's suffrage in the United States">Timeline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/African-American_women%27s_suffrage_movement" title="African-American women's suffrage movement">African-American</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women%27s_suffrage_in_states_of_the_United_States" title="Women's suffrage in states of the United States">States of</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Women%27s_suffrage_in_Utah" title="Women's suffrage in Utah">Utah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women%27s_suffrage_in_Virginia" title="Women's suffrage in Virginia">Virginia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women%27s_suffrage_in_Wyoming" title="Women's suffrage in Wyoming">Wyoming</a></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Feminist_movements_and_ideologies" title="Feminist movements and ideologies"><span class="wrap">Movements and ideologies</span></a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">General</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Analytical_feminism" title="Analytical feminism">Analytical</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarcha-feminism" title="Anarcha-feminism">Anarchist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-abortion_feminism" title="Anti-abortion feminism">Anti-abortion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fantifa" title="Fantifa">Anti-fascist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atheist_feminism" title="Atheist feminism">Atheist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carceral_feminism" title="Carceral feminism">Carceral</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Choice_feminism" title="Choice feminism">Choice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservative_variants_of_feminism" title="Conservative variants of feminism">Conservative</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cultural_feminism" title="Cultural feminism">Cultural</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyberfeminism" title="Cyberfeminism">Cyber</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Feminist_HCI" title="Feminist HCI">HCI</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Difference_feminism" title="Difference feminism">Difference</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ecofeminism" title="Ecofeminism">Eco</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vegetarian_ecofeminism" title="Vegetarian ecofeminism">Vegetarian</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Equality_feminism" title="Equality feminism">Equality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eugenic_feminism" title="Eugenic feminism">Eugenic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fat_feminism" title="Fat feminism">Fat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gender-critical_feminism" title="Gender-critical feminism">Gender-critical or trans-exclusionary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Global_feminism" title="Global feminism">Global</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hip_hop_feminism" title="Hip hop feminism">Hip hop</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Feminist_activism_in_hip_hop" title="Feminist activism in hip hop">Activism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Individualist_feminism" title="Individualist feminism">Individualist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Labor_feminism" title="Labor feminism">Labor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lesbian_feminism" title="Lesbian feminism">Lesbian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberal_feminism" title="Liberal feminism">Liberal</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Equity_feminism" title="Equity feminism">Equity</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lipstick_feminism" title="Lipstick feminism">Lipstick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Materialist_feminism" title="Materialist feminism">Materialist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maternal_feminism" title="Maternal feminism">Maternal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neofeminism" title="Neofeminism">Neo-</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_feminism" title="New feminism">New</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Postfeminism" title="Postfeminism">Post-</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Postcolonial_feminism" title="Postcolonial feminism">Postcolonial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Postmodern_feminism" title="Postmodern feminism">Postmodern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Post-structural_feminism" title="Post-structural feminism">Post-structural</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/French_post-structuralist_feminism" class="mw-redirect" title="French post-structuralist feminism">French</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radical_feminism" title="Radical feminism">Radical</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reactionary_feminism" title="Reactionary feminism">Reactionary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feminist_separatism" title="Feminist separatism">Separatism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sex-positive_feminism" title="Sex-positive feminism">Sex-positive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_feminism" title="Social feminism">Social</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Socialist_feminism" title="Socialist feminism">Socialist</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Marxist_feminism" title="Marxist feminism">Marxist</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Standpoint_feminism" title="Standpoint feminism">Standpoint</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_feminism" title="State feminism">State</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transfeminism" title="Transfeminism">Trans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transnational_feminism" title="Transnational feminism">Transnational</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Victim_feminism" title="Victim feminism">Victim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Womanism" title="Womanism">Womanism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Africana_womanism" title="Africana womanism">Africana</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women%27s_liberation_movement" title="Women's liberation movement">Women's liberation</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Feminist_theology" title="Feminist theology">Religious</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><div class="excerpt-block"><div class="excerpt"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Atheist_feminism" title="Atheist feminism">Atheist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buddhist_feminism" title="Buddhist feminism">Buddhist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_feminism" title="Christian feminism">Christian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mormon_feminism" title="Mormon feminism">Mormon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_feminism" title="New feminism">New</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Womanist_theology" title="Womanist theology">Womanist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asian_feminist_theology" title="Asian feminist theology">Asian</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Goddess_movement" title="Goddess movement">Neopagan</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dianic_Wicca" title="Dianic Wicca">Dianic Wicca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reclaiming_(Neopaganism)" title="Reclaiming (Neopaganism)">Reclaiming</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ecofeminism#Spiritual_Ecofeminism/Cultural_Ecofeminism" title="Ecofeminism">Ecofeminist</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feminism_in_India#Hindu_community" title="Feminism in India">Hindu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_feminism" title="Islamic feminism">Islamic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_feminism" title="Jewish feminism">Jewish</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Orthodox_Jewish_feminism" title="Orthodox Jewish feminism">Orthodox</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sikh_feminism" title="Sikh feminism">Sikh</a></li></ul></div></div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Ethnic and racial</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_feminism" title="Black feminism">Black</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chicana_feminism" title="Chicana feminism">Chicana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indigenous_feminism" title="Indigenous feminism">Indigenous</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jineology" title="Jineology">Kurdish (Jineology)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Native_American_feminism" title="Native American feminism">Native American</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S%C3%A1mi_feminism" title="Sámi feminism">Sámi</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_feminism" title="Jewish feminism">Jewish</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mizrahi_feminism" title="Mizrahi feminism">Mizrahi</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romani_feminism" title="Romani feminism">Romani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_feminism" title="White feminism">White</a></li> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Concepts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><div class="excerpt-block"><div class="excerpt"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Antinaturalism_(politics)" title="Antinaturalism (politics)">Antinaturalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Choice_feminism" title="Choice feminism">Choice feminism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cognitive_labor" title="Cognitive labor">Cognitive labor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Complementarianism" title="Complementarianism">Complementarianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feminist_literature" title="Feminist literature">Literature</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Feminist_children%27s_literature" title="Feminist children's literature">Children's literature</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diversity_(politics)" title="Diversity (politics)">Diversity (politics)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diversity,_equity,_and_inclusion" title="Diversity, equity, and inclusion">Diversity, equity, and inclusion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feminist_effects_on_society" title="Feminist effects on society">Effects on society</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feminism_and_equality" title="Feminism and equality">Equality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Female_education" title="Female education">Female education</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Female_genital_mutilation" title="Female genital mutilation">Female genital mutilation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Femicide" title="Femicide">Femicide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Femonationalism" title="Femonationalism">Femonationalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feminism_in_culture" title="Feminism in culture">Feminism in culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feminist_movement" title="Feminist movement">Feminist movement</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/African-American_women%27s_suffrage_movement" title="African-American women's suffrage movement">African-American women's suffrage movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feminist_art_movement" title="Feminist art movement">Art movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feminist_activism_in_hip_hop" title="Feminist activism in hip hop">In hip hop</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feminist_views_on_striptease" title="Feminist views on striptease">Feminist stripper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Equal_opportunity" title="Equal opportunity">Formal equality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gender_equality" title="Gender equality">Gender equality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gender_quota" title="Gender quota">Gender quota</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Girl_power" title="Girl power">Girl power</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Honor_killing" title="Honor killing">Honor killing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ideal_womanhood" title="Ideal womanhood">Ideal womanhood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Invisible_labor" title="Invisible labor">Invisible labor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Internalized_sexism" title="Internalized sexism">Internalized sexism</a></li> <li>International <a href="/wiki/International_Day_of_the_Girl_Child" title="International Day of the Girl Child">Girl's Day</a> and <a href="/wiki/International_Women%27s_Day" title="International Women's Day">Women's Day</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feminist_language_reform" title="Feminist language reform">Language reform</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feminist_capitalism" title="Feminist capitalism">Feminist capitalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gender-blind" title="Gender-blind">Gender-blind</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Likeability_trap" title="Likeability trap">Likeability trap</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Male_privilege" title="Male privilege">Male privilege</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matriarchal_religion" title="Matriarchal religion">Matriarchal religion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feminism_and_media" title="Feminism and media">Media</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Men_in_feminism" title="Men in feminism">Men in feminism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Misogyny" title="Misogyny">Misogyny</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Transmisogyny" title="Transmisogyny">Trans</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feminist_views_on_the_Oedipus_complex" title="Feminist views on the Oedipus complex">Oedipus complex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antifeminism" title="Antifeminism">Opposition to feminism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pro-feminism" title="Pro-feminism">Pro-feminism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Protofeminism" title="Protofeminism">Protofeminism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Purplewashing" title="Purplewashing">Purplewashing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feminism_and_racism" title="Feminism and racism">Racism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reproductive_justice" title="Reproductive justice">Reproductive justice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sex_workers%27_rights" title="Sex workers' rights">Sex workers' rights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sexual_harassment" title="Sexual harassment">Sexual harassment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sexual_objectification" title="Sexual objectification">Sexual objectification</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Substantive_equality" title="Substantive equality">Substantive equality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toxic_masculinity" title="Toxic masculinity">Toxic masculinity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transmisogyny" title="Transmisogyny">Transmisogyny</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Triple_oppression" title="Triple oppression">Triple oppression</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Violence_against_women" title="Violence against women">Violence against women</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/War_on_women" title="War on women">War on women</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women%27s_empowerment" title="Women's empowerment">Women's empowerment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women-only_space" title="Women-only space">Women-only space</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women%27s_health" title="Women's health"><span class="wrap">Women's health</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women%27s_rights" title="Women's rights">Women's rights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women_in_the_workforce" title="Women in the workforce">Women in the workforce</a></li></ul></div></div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Feminist_theory" title="Feminist theory">Theory</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <li><a href="/wiki/Complementarianism" title="Complementarianism">Complementarianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gender_studies" title="Gender studies">Gender studies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gender_mainstreaming" title="Gender mainstreaming">Gender mainstreaming</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Gynocentrism</a></li> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Matriarchy_in_feminist_thought" class="mw-redirect" title="Matriarchy in feminist thought">Matriarchy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women%27s_studies" title="Women's studies">Women's studies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Men%27s_studies" title="Men's studies">Men's studies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kyriarchy" title="Kyriarchy">Kyriarchy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patriarchy" title="Patriarchy">Patriarchy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%89criture_f%C3%A9minine" title="Écriture féminine">Écriture féminine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feminist_economics" title="Feminist economics">Economics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feminist_post-structuralist_discourse_analysis" title="Feminist post-structuralist discourse analysis">Post-structuralist discourse analysis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feminist_method" title="Feminist method">Method</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feminist_views_on_the_Oedipus_complex" title="Feminist views on the Oedipus complex">Oedipus complex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feminist_political_theory" title="Feminist political theory">Political theory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feminist_theology" title="Feminist theology">Theology</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Thealogy" title="Thealogy">Thealogy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Womanist_theology" title="Womanist theology">Womanist</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feminist_sexology" title="Feminist sexology">Sexology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feminist_sociology" title="Feminist sociology">Sociology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feminist_rhetoric" title="Feminist rhetoric">Rhetoric</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feminist_legal_theory" title="Feminist legal theory">Legal theory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feminist_art" title="Feminist art">Art</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Feminist_art_criticism" title="Feminist art criticism">Art criticism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feminist_literary_criticism" title="Feminist literary criticism">Literary criticism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feminist_film_theory" title="Feminist film theory">Film theory</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feminist_biology" title="Feminist biology">Biology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feminist_political_ecology" title="Feminist political ecology">Political ecology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feminism_and_modern_architecture" title="Feminism and modern architecture">Architecture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feminist_anthropology" title="Feminist anthropology">Anthropology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feminist_archaeology" title="Feminist archaeology">Archaeology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feminist_school_of_criminology" title="Feminist school of criminology">Criminology</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Feminist_pathways_perspective" title="Feminist pathways perspective">Pathways perspective</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feminist_geography" title="Feminist geography">Geography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feminist_pedagogy" title="Feminist pedagogy">Pedagogy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feminist_philosophy" title="Feminist philosophy">Philosophy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Feminist_aesthetics" title="Feminist aesthetics">Aesthetics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feminist_empiricism" title="Feminist empiricism">Empiricism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feminist_epistemology" title="Feminist epistemology">Epistemology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feminist_ethics" title="Feminist ethics">Ethics</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Feminist_justice_ethics" title="Feminist justice ethics">Justice ethics</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feminist_existentialism" title="Feminist existentialism">Existentialism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feminist_metaphysics" title="Feminist metaphysics">Metaphysics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feminist_philosophy_of_science" title="Feminist philosophy of science">Science</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feminist_pornography" title="Feminist pornography">Pornography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feminist_psychology" title="Feminist psychology">Psychology</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Feminist_therapy" title="Feminist therapy">Therapy</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seriality_(gender_studies)" title="Seriality (gender studies)">Seriality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feminism_in_international_relations" title="Feminism in international relations">International relations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feminist_existentialism" title="Feminist existentialism">Existentialism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feminist_revisionist_mythology" title="Feminist revisionist mythology">Revisionist mythology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feminist_technoscience" title="Feminist technoscience">Technoscience</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feminist_science_fiction" title="Feminist science fiction">Science fiction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feminist_theory_in_composition_studies" title="Feminist theory in composition studies">Composition studies</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">By country</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><div class="excerpt-block"><div class="excerpt"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/African_feminism" title="African feminism">Africa</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Feminism_in_the_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo" class="mw-redirect" title="Feminism in the Democratic Republic of the Congo">Democratic Republic of the Congo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feminism_in_Egypt" title="Feminism in Egypt">Egypt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feminism_in_Ethiopia" class="mw-redirect" title="Feminism in Ethiopia">Ethiopia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feminism_in_Ghana" class="mw-redirect" title="Feminism in Ghana">Ghana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feminism_in_Mali" class="mw-redirect" title="Feminism in Mali">Mali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feminism_in_Nigeria" class="mw-redirect" title="Feminism in Nigeria">Nigeria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feminism_in_Senegal" title="Feminism in Senegal">Senegal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feminism_in_South_Africa" title="Feminism in South Africa">South Africa</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feminism_in_Albania" class="mw-redirect" title="Feminism in Albania">Albania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feminism_in_Australia" title="Feminism in Australia">Australia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feminism_in_Bangladesh" title="Feminism in Bangladesh">Bangladesh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feminism_in_Canada" title="Feminism in Canada">Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feminism_in_China" title="Feminism in China">China</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women_in_Denmark" title="Women in Denmark">Denmark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feminism_in_Finland" class="mw-redirect" title="Feminism in Finland">Finland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feminism_in_France" title="Feminism in France">France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feminism_in_Germany" title="Feminism in Germany">Germany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feminism_in_Greece" title="Feminism in Greece">Greece</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feminism_in_Hong_Kong" class="mw-redirect" title="Feminism in Hong Kong">Hong Kong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feminism_in_India" title="Feminism in India">India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feminism_in_Indonesia" title="Feminism in Indonesia">Indonesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feminism_in_Iran" class="mw-redirect" title="Feminism in Iran">Iran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feminism_in_Iraq" class="mw-redirect" title="Feminism in Iraq">Iraq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feminism_in_the_Republic_of_Ireland" title="Feminism in the Republic of Ireland">Republic of Ireland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feminism_in_Israel" title="Feminism in Israel">Israel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feminism_in_Italy" title="Feminism in Italy">Italy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feminism_in_Japan" title="Feminism in Japan">Japan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feminism_in_Latin_America" title="Feminism in Latin America">Latin America</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Feminism_in_Argentina" title="Feminism in Argentina">Argentina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feminism_in_Brazil" title="Feminism in Brazil">Brazil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feminism_in_Chile" title="Feminism in Chile">Chile</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feminism_in_Haiti" class="mw-redirect" title="Feminism in Haiti">Haiti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feminism_in_Honduras" class="mw-redirect" title="Feminism in Honduras">Honduras</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feminism_in_Mexico" title="Feminism in Mexico">Mexico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feminism_in_Paraguay" class="mw-redirect" title="Feminism in Paraguay">Paraguay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women_in_Trinidad_and_Tobago" title="Women in Trinidad and Tobago">Trinidad and Tobago</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women_in_Lebanon" title="Women in Lebanon">Lebanon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feminism_in_Malaysia" title="Feminism in Malaysia">Malaysia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feminism_in_Nepal" title="Feminism in Nepal">Nepal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feminism_in_the_Netherlands" title="Feminism in the Netherlands">Netherlands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feminism_in_New_Zealand" title="Feminism in New Zealand">New Zealand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feminism_in_Northern_Cyprus" class="mw-redirect" title="Feminism in Northern Cyprus">Northern Cyprus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feminism_in_Norway" title="Feminism in Norway">Norway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feminism_in_Pakistan" title="Feminism in Pakistan">Pakistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feminism_in_the_Philippines" class="mw-redirect" title="Feminism in the Philippines">Philippines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feminism_in_Poland" title="Feminism in Poland">Poland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feminism_in_Russia" title="Feminism in Russia">Russia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feminism_in_Saudi_Arabia" title="Feminism in Saudi Arabia">Saudi Arabia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feminism_in_South_Korea" title="Feminism in South Korea">South Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feminism_in_Sweden" title="Feminism in Sweden">Sweden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women_in_Syria" title="Women in Syria">Syria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feminism_in_Taiwan" title="Feminism in Taiwan">Taiwan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feminism_in_Thailand" title="Feminism in Thailand">Thailand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feminism_in_Turkey" class="mw-redirect" title="Feminism in Turkey">Turkey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women_in_Vietnam" title="Women in Vietnam">Vietnam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women_in_Ukraine" title="Women in Ukraine">Ukraine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feminism_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Feminism in the United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feminism_in_the_United_States" title="Feminism in the United States">United States</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_women_in_the_United_States" title="History of women in the United States">History of women</a></li></ul></li></ul></div></div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Lists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks 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