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noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">University in London, England</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"Richmond University" redirects here. 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.mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><caption class="infobox-title fn org">Richmond American University London</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Richmond_University_shield.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Richmond_University_shield.svg/170px-Richmond_University_shield.svg.png" decoding="async" width="170" height="199" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Richmond_University_shield.svg/255px-Richmond_University_shield.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Richmond_University_shield.svg/340px-Richmond_University_shield.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="2053" data-file-height="2401" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">Coat of arms</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.65em;">Motto</th><td class="infobox-data"><i>Unity in Diversity</i></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.65em;">Type</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Private_university" title="Private university">Private university</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.65em;">Established</th><td class="infobox-data">1972<sup id="cite_ref-about_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-about-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.65em;"><a href="/wiki/Financial_endowment" title="Financial endowment">Endowment</a></th><td class="infobox-data">£8.4 million (2018)<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.65em;">Budget</th><td class="infobox-data">£25 million (2017)<sup id="cite_ref-accounts_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-accounts-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.65em;"><a href="/wiki/Chairperson" class="mw-redirect" title="Chairperson">Chairman</a></th><td class="infobox-data">William Durden</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.65em;"><a href="/wiki/University_president" class="mw-redirect" title="University president">President</a></th><td class="infobox-data">Phil Deans</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.65em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Academic staff</div></th><td class="infobox-data">83 (2017)<sup id="cite_ref-accounts_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-accounts-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.65em;">Students</th><td class="infobox-data">1,600 (2016)<sup id="cite_ref-numbers_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-numbers-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.65em;">Location</th><td class="infobox-data adr"><div style="display:inline" class="locality"><a href="/wiki/London" title="London">London</a></div>, <div style="display:inline" class="country-name">England</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.65em;">Affiliations</th><td class="infobox-data">Independent Universities Group<br />Association of American International Colleges and Universities<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.65em;">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://richmond.ac.uk">richmond<wbr />.ac<wbr />.uk</a></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Union-stripes-logo-2022-bordered-full.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Union-stripes-logo-2022-bordered-full.png/220px-Union-stripes-logo-2022-bordered-full.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="85" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Union-stripes-logo-2022-bordered-full.png/330px-Union-stripes-logo-2022-bordered-full.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/03/Union-stripes-logo-2022-bordered-full.png 2x" data-file-width="429" data-file-height="165" /></a></span></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Richmond American University London</b> is a <a href="/wiki/Private_university" title="Private university">private university</a> in <a href="/wiki/London" title="London">London</a>, United Kingdom. Richmond was founded in 1972, by British educator <a href="/wiki/Cyril_Taylor_(educationist)" title="Cyril Taylor (educationist)">Cyril Taylor</a>. </p><p>The university awards US degrees from the American state of <a href="/wiki/Delaware" title="Delaware">Delaware</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-Delaware_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Delaware-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> where Richmond is accredited by the <a href="/wiki/Middle_States_Commission_on_Higher_Education" title="Middle States Commission on Higher Education">Middle States Commission on Higher Education</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-accreditation_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-accreditation-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-msche_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-msche-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Until 2018, Richmond's UK degrees were awarded by the <a href="/wiki/Open_University" title="Open University">Open University</a>; but from the 2018/2019 academic year, Richmond has been able to grant its own UK degrees, after receiving Taught Degree Awarding Powers from the <a href="/wiki/Quality_Assurance_Agency_for_Higher_Education" title="Quality Assurance Agency for Higher Education">Quality Assurance Agency for Higher Education</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This means that all students at Richmond gain both a UK and US degree studying one programme. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Richmond_American_University_London&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Richmond was founded in 1972 by the social entrepreneur and politician <a href="/wiki/Cyril_Julian_Hebden_Taylor" class="mw-redirect" title="Cyril Julian Hebden Taylor">Cyril Taylor</a>, chairman of the <a href="/wiki/American_Institute_For_Foreign_Study" class="mw-redirect" title="American Institute For Foreign Study">American Institute For Foreign Study</a> (AIFS), as Richmond College, The American College in London. It began teaching on the site of the former <a href="/wiki/Richmond_Theological_College" title="Richmond Theological College">Richmond Theological College</a>, part of the <a href="/wiki/University_of_London" title="University of London">University of London</a>, founded in 1843 as a Methodist theological college. AIFS had been previously using the college site for a number of years for their London study abroad programmes. AIFS purchased half of the college's 10-acre site for £300,000 (equivalent to £3.82 million in 2015), including the majority of its buildings and front lawns, to form a new American liberal arts college.<sup id="cite_ref-auto_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A second campus was opened on St Albans Grove and Ansdell Street in Kensington in 1978 for third and fourth year students as well as the college's US Study Abroad Programme. </p><p>In its early years Richmond served mainly to house study abroad programmes to US students, however this changed in 1981 when Richmond obtained a licence to award US undergraduate degrees from the Washington DC Board of Education and formal accreditation from the Middle States Association of Schools and Colleges (now the <a href="/wiki/Middle_States_Commission_on_Higher_Education" title="Middle States Commission on Higher Education">Middle States Commission on Higher Education</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-auto_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>An expansion of the university's Kensington campus on Young Street was officially opened in March 1988 by <a href="/wiki/Diana,_Princess_of_Wales" title="Diana, Princess of Wales">Diana, Princess of Wales</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-about_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-about-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1995 AIFS spun-off the university as a non-profit educational institution. Richmond inaugurated its first postgraduate degree in 1998 with a Master of Business Administration (MBA) degree. </p><p>From 1996 to 2018 Richmond issued British degrees validated by the <a href="/wiki/Open_University" title="Open University">Open University</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-auto_10-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In May 2018, the university was granted Taught Degree Awarding Powers in the UK, enabling students to receive two degree certificates, from the US and UK. </p><p>In December 2019 the university president, Lawrence Abeln, resigned after filing a complaint with the Charity Commission against the Cyril Taylor Charitable Foundation, the main financial backers of the university. In January 2020 financial problems caused by the dispute with the foundation led the board of trustees to suspend recruitment of students for the spring term.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In March 2020 the university signed a partnership agreement with the Hong Kong-based China Education Group (CEG), giving Richmond students access to internships and exchange programs across CEG's universities and institutes in China and Australia as well as expanding Richmond's international marketing and recruitment. The partners said the deal would "secure the long-term future of the university".<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>By late 2021 the university had vacated most of its buildings in the Kensington area, retaining one site on Kensington High Street. It also announced in November 2021 that it would be relocating its Richmond campus to new premises in <a href="/wiki/Chiswick_Business_Park" title="Chiswick Business Park">Chiswick Business Park</a> in summer 2022.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In spring 2023, the Kensington High Street location closed for student courses. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Organisation">Organisation</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Richmond_American_University_London&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Organisation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Governance">Governance</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Richmond_American_University_London&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Governance"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Board of Trustees is responsible for the stewardship of the university's assets, strategic decision-making and ensuring compliance with its objectives. </p><p>The current Chair of The Board of Trustees is William Durden. </p><p>The current president of Richmond, since December 2019, is Phil Deans.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Richmond had an average of 163 staff, including 83 academic staff, 68 management and administrative staff and 12 technical staff, during the year ending 30 June 2017.<sup id="cite_ref-accounts_3-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-accounts-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the financial year ending 30 June 2017, Richmond (including the UK charity the Richmond Foundation, which is controlled by the university) had a total income of £35.7 million (including a one-off donation of £10 million from Cyril Taylor) and total expenditure of £25.2 million </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Academic_profile">Academic profile</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Richmond_American_University_London&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Academic profile"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Faculties">Faculties</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Richmond_American_University_London&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Faculties"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Richmond is composed of three faculties:<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li>Communications & The Arts, Social Sciences and Psychology</li> <li>Liberal Arts</li> <li>Richmond Business School</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Curriculum">Curriculum</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Richmond_American_University_London&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Curriculum"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Richmond offers a range of four-year <a href="/wiki/Major_(academic)" class="mw-redirect" title="Major (academic)">undergraduate programmes</a> at bachelor's degree level across a broad range of subjects, along with associated optional '<a href="/wiki/Minor_(academic)" class="mw-redirect" title="Minor (academic)">minors</a>' that can be taken alongside the main degree programme.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> All students also take nine 'liberal arts' courses from a selection of 16 during their first three years.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Standard degrees are four-years long, following the US system with the first year of study at the same level as <a href="/wiki/GCE_Advanced_Level_(United_Kingdom)" class="mw-redirect" title="GCE Advanced Level (United Kingdom)">A levels</a>. Transfer credits from US <a href="/wiki/Advanced_Placement" title="Advanced Placement">AP classes</a>, UK A and AS Levels, the <a href="/wiki/International_Baccalaureate" title="International Baccalaureate">International Baccalaureate</a> and other similar qualifications can be applied against this year, subject to grades achieved and the fit between the courses taken and the Richmond programme to be followed, potentially allowing students to complete the course in three years.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Richmond offers a range of one-year to 18-month taught postgraduate degrees including MBAs and other business subjects.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Accreditation">Accreditation</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Richmond_American_University_London&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Accreditation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Richmond is a "recognised body" that can award UK degrees,<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> subject to regular inspection by the <a href="/wiki/Quality_Assurance_Agency_for_Higher_Education" title="Quality Assurance Agency for Higher Education">Quality Assurance Agency for Higher Education</a> (QAA) and regulation by the <a href="/wiki/Office_for_Students" title="Office for Students">Office for Students</a>. The last QAA inspection was in May 2016, which led to the award of taught degree awarding powers (following Richmond's addressing of concerns raised in the report) for a six-year period from 17 May 2017 to 16 May 2024.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Prior to this, Richmond's UK degrees were validated by the <a href="/wiki/Open_University" title="Open University">Open University</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Richmond is accredited by the <a href="/wiki/Middle_States_Commission_on_Higher_Education" title="Middle States Commission on Higher Education">Middle States Commission on Higher Education</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-msche_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-msche-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> an accrediting body recognized by the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Education" title="United States Department of Education">United States Department of Education</a>. It holds US degree awarding powers from the state of Delaware.<sup id="cite_ref-Delaware_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Delaware-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Campuses">Campuses</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Richmond_American_University_London&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Campuses"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Chiswick Park campus opened in September 2022 on <a href="/wiki/Chiswick_Business_Park" title="Chiswick Business Park">Chiswick Business Park</a>. It houses the university's undergraduate and postgraduate programmes.<sup id="cite_ref-new_home_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-new_home-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Prior to this, the university was based on the campus of the former <a href="/wiki/Richmond_Theological_College" title="Richmond Theological College">Richmond Theological College</a>, <a href="/wiki/University_of_London" title="University of London">University of London</a>, with a postgraduate campus on <a href="/wiki/Kensington_High_Street" title="Kensington High Street">Kensington High Street</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Other_facilities">Other facilities</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Richmond_American_University_London&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Other facilities"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/RIASA" title="RIASA">RIASA</a></div> <p>In addition to its London campuses Richmond also maintains a specialist study centre in <a href="/wiki/Leeds" title="Leeds">Leeds</a>. RIASA, located on the campus of <a href="/wiki/Leeds_Beckett_University" title="Leeds Beckett University">Leeds Beckett University</a> focuses on a combination of soccer training and sports management<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Student_life">Student life</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Richmond_American_University_London&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Student life"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Student_government">Student government</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Richmond_American_University_London&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Student government"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Student Government Association (SGA) is the <a href="/wiki/Student%27s_union" class="mw-redirect" title="Student's union">student-run representative organisation</a> for students at Richmond. In addition to representing the student body to the university regarding their academic experience, student experience and social opportunities, the SGA also organises activities for students.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Clubs_and_societies">Clubs and societies</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Richmond_American_University_London&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Clubs and societies"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Richmond's Student Affairs Department offer a small number of clubs and societies for students to get involved in. There is also a <a href="/wiki/Business_incubator" title="Business incubator">business incubator</a>, MATRIX, run by Richmond Business School, and the Richmond Leadership Academy, which promotes the development of well-rounded graduates through a series of awards.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notable_alumni">Notable alumni</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Richmond_American_University_London&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Notable alumni"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Hall_(journalist)" title="Benjamin Hall (journalist)">Benjamin Hall</a> (journalist)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bill_Paxton" title="Bill Paxton">Bill Paxton</a> (Hollywood actor and director)<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bobby_Chinn" title="Bobby Chinn">Bobby Chinn</a> (celebrity chef)<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nazia_Hassan" title="Nazia Hassan">Nazia Hassan</a> (singer-songwriter)<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prince_Louis_of_Luxembourg" title="Prince Louis of Luxembourg">Prince Louis of Luxembourg</a> (son of <a href="/wiki/Henri,_Grand_Duke_of_Luxembourg" title="Henri, Grand Duke of Luxembourg">Henri, Grand Duke of Luxembourg</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Princess_Tessy_of_Luxembourg" class="mw-redirect" title="Princess Tessy of Luxembourg">Princess Tessy of Luxembourg</a> (<a href="/wiki/Joint_United_Nations_Programme_on_HIV/AIDS" title="Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS">UNAIDS</a> Ambassador)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russ_Carnahan" title="Russ Carnahan">Russ Carnahan</a> (U.S. Congressman)<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joe_Sumner" title="Joe Sumner">Joe Sumner</a> (singer-songwriter and son of <a href="/wiki/Sting_(musician)" title="Sting (musician)">Sting</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ajeenkya_Patil" title="Ajeenkya Patil">Ajeenkya Patil</a> (economist and chairman of the D Y Patil Group)<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suzan_Sabanc%C4%B1_Din%C3%A7er" class="mw-redirect" title="Suzan Sabancı Dinçer">Suzan Sabancı Dinçer</a> (chairwoman of <a href="/wiki/Akbank" title="Akbank">Akbank</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andrew_Neeme" title="Andrew Neeme">Andrew Neeme</a> (professional poker player)<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rosario,_Princess_of_Preslav" class="mw-redirect" title="Rosario, Princess of Preslav">Rosario, Princess of Preslav</a> (Spanish art director)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Richmond_American_University_London&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-about-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-about_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-about_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.richmond.ac.uk/about-richmond/">"About Richmond"</a>. Richmond, The American International University in London<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 January</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=About+Richmond&rft.pub=Richmond%2C+The+American+International+University+in+London&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.richmond.ac.uk%2Fabout-richmond%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARichmond+American+University+London" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://apps.charitycommission.gov.uk/Accounts/Ends05/0000288205_AC_20180630_E_C.PDF">"The Richmond Foundation – Accounts and trustees' annual report"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. p. 12<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 January</span> 2019</span> – via The Charity Commission.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Richmond+Foundation+%E2%80%93+Accounts+and+trustees%27+annual+report&rft.pages=12&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fapps.charitycommission.gov.uk%2FAccounts%2FEnds05%2F0000288205_AC_20180630_E_C.PDF&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARichmond+American+University+London" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-accounts-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-accounts_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-accounts_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-accounts_3-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://beta.companieshouse.gov.uk/company/FC008955/filing-history/MzE5NzIwNTU0NGFkaXF6a2N4/document?format=pdf&download=0">"Full accounts made up to 30 June 2017"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Companies_House" title="Companies House">Companies House</a></i>. 7 February 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 January</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Companies+House&rft.atitle=Full+accounts+made+up+to+30+June+2017&rft.date=2018-02-07&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbeta.companieshouse.gov.uk%2Fcompany%2FFC008955%2Ffiling-history%2FMzE5NzIwNTU0NGFkaXF6a2N4%2Fdocument%3Fformat%3Dpdf%26download%3D0&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARichmond+American+University+London" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-numbers-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-numbers_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.richmond.ac.uk/richmond-in-numbers/">"Richmond in Numbers"</a>. Richmond, The American International University in London<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 January</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Richmond+in+Numbers&rft.pub=Richmond%2C+The+American+International+University+in+London&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.richmond.ac.uk%2Frichmond-in-numbers%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARichmond+American+University+London" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.aaicu.org/the-american-international-university-in-london/">"Richmond, The American International University in London"</a>. 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Richmond. 29 May 2018. <q>The Richmond dual degree is possible because, in addition to being able to award its own degrees in the UK, the University holds US degree-granting authority from the State of Delaware under accreditation by The Middle States Commission on Higher Education. Richmond is the first and only University to achieve this combination of US and UK degree-awarding powers.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=DEGREE+AWARDING+POWERS+GRANTED+TO+RICHMOND%2C+THE+AMERICAN+INTERNATIONAL+UNIVERSITY+IN+LONDON&rft.pub=Richmond&rft.date=2018-05-29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.richmond.ac.uk%2Fdegree-awarding-powers-granted-to-richmond-the-american-international-university-in-london%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARichmond+American+University+London" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-accreditation-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-accreditation_7-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.richmond.ac.uk/about-richmond/american-british-accreditation/">"U.S. & U.K. Accreditation"</a>. 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Sir Cyril: My Life as a Social Entrepreneur. Stroud: Amberley.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAndrew_Jack2020" class="citation news cs1">Andrew Jack (9 February 2020). <span class="id-lock-subscription" title="Paid subscription required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ft.com/content/3068543e-4a8a-11ea-95a0-43d18ec715f5">"British liberal arts university hits trouble after benefactor's death"</a></span>. <i><a href="/wiki/Financial_Times" title="Financial Times">Financial Times</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ghostarchive.org/archive/8eymG">Archived</a> from the original on 11 December 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Financial+Times&rft.atitle=British+liberal+arts+university+hits+trouble+after+benefactor%27s+death&rft.date=2020-02-09&rft.au=Andrew+Jack&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ft.com%2Fcontent%2F3068543e-4a8a-11ea-95a0-43d18ec715f5&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARichmond+American+University+London" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.timeshighereducation.com/news/students-stranded-uk-after-university-paused-recruitment">"Students 'stranded' in UK after university paused recruitment"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Times_Higher_Education" title="Times Higher Education">Times Higher Education</a></i>. 27 January 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Times+Higher+Education&rft.atitle=Students+%27stranded%27+in+UK+after+university+paused+recruitment&rft.date=2020-01-27&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.timeshighereducation.com%2Fnews%2Fstudents-stranded-uk-after-university-paused-recruitment&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARichmond+American+University+London" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFViggo_Stacey2020" class="citation news cs1">Viggo Stacey (31 March 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://thepienews.com/news/richmond-partners-with-china-education-group/">"UK: Richmond & China Education Group partner"</a>. <i>The PIE News</i>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 April</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Student+Right+to+Know&rft.pub=Richmond%2C+the+American+International+University+in+London&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.richmond.ac.uk%2Fabout-richmond%2Fstudent-right-to-know%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARichmond+American+University+London" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-new_home-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-new_home_26-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.richmond.ac.uk/about-richmond/a-new-home/">"Welcome to our new home"</a>. <i>Richmond American University London</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 November</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Richmond+American+University+London&rft.atitle=Welcome+to+our+new+home&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.richmond.ac.uk%2Fabout-richmond%2Fa-new-home%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARichmond+American+University+London" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.riasa.org/academics/program">"Richmond International Academic & Soccer Academy"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Richmond+International+Academic+%26+Soccer+Academy&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.riasa.org%2Facademics%2Fprogram&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARichmond+American+University+London" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.richmond.ac.uk/student-life/">"Student Life"</a>. <i>Richmond American University London</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 November</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Richmond+American+University+London&rft.atitle=Student+Life&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.richmond.ac.uk%2Fstudent-life%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARichmond+American+University+London" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.richmond.ac.uk/student-life/clubs-societies/">"Clubs & Societies"</a>. <i>Richmond American University London</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 November</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Richmond+American+University+London&rft.atitle=Richmond+Leadership+Academy&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.richmond.ac.uk%2Fstudent-life%2Fclubs-societies%2Frichmond-leadership-academy%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARichmond+American+University+London" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.biography.com/people/bill-paxton-20825057">"Bill Paxton"</a>. 14 April 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Bill+Paxton&rft.date=2021-04-14&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.biography.com%2Fpeople%2Fbill-paxton-20825057&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARichmond+American+University+London" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hotelresortinsider.com/news_story.php?news_id=2017&cat_id=9">"Bobby Chinn - The chef with a difference"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Bobby+Chinn+-+The+chef+with+a+difference&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hotelresortinsider.com%2Fnews_story.php%3Fnews_id%3D2017%26cat_id%3D9&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARichmond+American+University+London" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDesk2015" class="citation web cs1">Desk, Entertainment (3 April 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.dawn.com/news/1173684">"In memoriam: Nazia Hassan was born 50 years ago today"</a>. <i>www.dawn.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Independent.co.uk&rft.atitle=Richmond%2C+the+American+International+University+in+London&rft.date=2014-07-28&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.independent.co.uk%2Fstudent%2Finto-university%2Faz-uni-colleges%2Frichmond-the-american-international-university-in-london-459031.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARichmond+American+University+London" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEden2012" class="citation news cs1">Eden, Richard (12 February 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/celebritynews/9076757/Sting-to-become-a-grandfather-after-his-sons-secret-wedding.html">"Sting to become a grandfather after his son's 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class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Universities_and_colleges_in_London" title="Template:Universities and colleges in London"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Universities_and_colleges_in_London" title="Template talk:Universities and colleges in London"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Universities_and_colleges_in_London" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Universities and colleges in London"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Universities_and_colleges_in_London" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Universities and colleges in <a href="/wiki/London" title="London">London</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><a href="/wiki/Education_in_London" title="Education in London">Education in London</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Universities_and_colleges_in_London" title="Category:Universities and colleges in London">Universities</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/University_of_London" title="University of London">University <br /> of London</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Birkbeck,_University_of_London" title="Birkbeck, University of London">Birkbeck</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brunel_University_London" class="mw-redirect" title="Brunel University London">Brunel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/City,_University_of_London" title="City, University of London">City</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Courtauld_Institute_of_Art" title="Courtauld Institute of Art">Courtauld Institute of Art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Goldsmiths,_University_of_London" title="Goldsmiths, University of London">Goldsmiths</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Institute_of_Cancer_Research" title="Institute of Cancer Research">Institute of Cancer Research</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/King%27s_College_London" title="King's College London">King's College London</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/London_Business_School" title="London Business School">London Business School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/London_School_of_Economics" title="London School of Economics">London School of Economics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/London_School_of_Hygiene_%26_Tropical_Medicine" title="London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine">London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Queen_Mary_University_of_London" title="Queen Mary University of London">Queen Mary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Academy_of_Music" title="Royal Academy of Music">Royal Academy of Music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Central_School_of_Speech_and_Drama" title="Royal Central School of Speech and Drama">Royal Central School of Speech and Drama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Holloway,_University_of_London" title="Royal Holloway, University of London">Royal Holloway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Veterinary_College" title="Royal Veterinary College">Royal Veterinary College</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/School_of_Advanced_Study" title="School of Advanced Study">School of Advanced Study</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St_George%27s,_University_of_London" title="St George's, University of London">St George's</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SOAS_University_of_London" title="SOAS University of London">SOAS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_College_London" title="University College London">University College London</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/University_of_the_Arts_London" title="University of the Arts London">University of the Arts London</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BPP_University" title="BPP University">BPP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_East_London" title="University of East London">East London</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Greenwich" title="University of Greenwich">Greenwich</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Imperial_College_London" title="Imperial College London">Imperial College London</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingston_University" title="Kingston University">Kingston</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Law" title="University of Law">University of Law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/London_Interdisciplinary_School" title="London Interdisciplinary School">London Interdisciplinary School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/London_Metropolitan_University" title="London Metropolitan University">London Met</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/London_South_Bank_University" title="London South Bank University">London South Bank</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Middlesex_University" title="Middlesex University">Middlesex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northeastern_University_%E2%80%93_London" title="Northeastern University – London">Northeastern University – London</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ravensbourne_University_London" title="Ravensbourne University London">Ravensbourne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Regent%27s_University_London" title="Regent's University London">Regent's University London</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richmond,_The_American_International_University_in_London" class="mw-redirect" title="Richmond, The American International University in London">Richmond</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Roehampton" title="University of Roehampton">Roehampton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_College_of_Art" title="Royal College of Art">Royal College of Art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St_Mary%27s_University,_Twickenham" title="St Mary's University, Twickenham">St Mary's</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Westminster" title="University of Westminster">Westminster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_West_London" title="University of West London">West London</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Higher education colleges</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Architectural_Association_School_of_Architecture" title="Architectural Association School of Architecture">Architectural Association</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/London_Churchill_College" title="London Churchill College">London Churchill College</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/London_School_of_Journalism" title="London School of Journalism">London School of Journalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muslim_College" title="Muslim College">Muslim College</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pearson_College_London" title="Pearson College London">Pearson College</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Further education colleges</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ada,_the_National_College_for_Digital_Skills" title="Ada, the National College for Digital Skills">Ada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barking_and_Dagenham_College" title="Barking and Dagenham College">Barking and Dagenham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barnet_and_Southgate_College" title="Barnet and Southgate College">Barnet and Southgate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capel_Manor_College" title="Capel Manor College">Capel Manor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/City_and_Islington_College" title="City and Islington College">City and Islington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/City_Literary_Institute" class="mw-redirect" title="City Literary Institute">City Lit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/City_of_Westminster_College" title="City of Westminster College">City of Westminster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Croydon_College" title="Croydon College">Croydon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fashion_Retail_Academy" title="Fashion Retail Academy">Fashion Retail</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_College_of_Haringey,_Enfield_and_North_East_London" title="The College of Haringey, Enfield and North East London">Haringey, Enfield and North East London</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harrow_College" title="Harrow College">Harrow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Havering_College_of_Further_and_Higher_Education" title="Havering College of Further and Higher Education">Havering</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lambeth_College" class="mw-redirect" title="Lambeth College">Lambeth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lewisham_College" title="Lewisham College">Lewisham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/London_South_East_Colleges" title="London South East Colleges">London South East Colleges</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Marine_Society_College_of_the_Sea" title="The Marine Society College of the Sea">Marine Society</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_Ward_Centre" title="Mary Ward Centre">Mary Ward</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Morley_College" title="Morley College">Morley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_City_College" title="New City College">New City</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Newham_College_of_Further_Education" title="Newham College of Further Education">Newham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/College_of_North_West_London" title="College of North West London">North West London</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richmond_and_Hillcroft_Adult_Community_College" title="Richmond and Hillcroft Adult Community College">Richmond and Hillcroft Adult</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richmond_upon_Thames_College" title="Richmond upon Thames College">Richmond upon Thames</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southwark_College" title="Southwark College">Southwark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sutton_College" title="Sutton College">Sutton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Thames_Colleges_Group" title="South Thames Colleges Group">South Thames</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stanmore_College" title="Stanmore College">Stanmore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uxbridge_College" title="Uxbridge College">Uxbridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waltham_Forest_College" title="Waltham Forest College">Waltham Forest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_London_College" title="West London College">West London</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_Thames_College" title="West Thames College">West Thames</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Westminster_Kingsway_College" title="Westminster Kingsway College">Westminster Kingsway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Workers%27_Educational_Association" title="Workers' Educational Association">Workers' Educational</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Working_Men%27s_College" title="Working Men's College">Working Men's</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Sixth form colleges</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Big_Creative_Academy" title="Big Creative Academy">Big Creative</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BSix_Sixth_Form_College" title="BSix Sixth Form College">BSix</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christ_the_King_Sixth_Form_College" title="Christ the King Sixth Form College">Christ the King</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coulsdon_Sixth_Form_College" title="Coulsdon Sixth Form College">Coulsdon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_London_Arts_%26_Music" title="East London Arts & Music">ELAM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haringey_Sixth_Form_College" title="Haringey Sixth Form College">Haringey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harris_Westminster_Sixth_Form" title="Harris Westminster Sixth Form">Harris Westminster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Havering_Sixth_Form_College" title="Havering Sixth Form College">Havering</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Ruskin_College" title="John Ruskin College">John Ruskin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/King%27s_College_London_Mathematics_School" title="King's College London Mathematics School">King's London Maths</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leyton_Sixth_Form_College" title="Leyton Sixth Form College">Leyton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/London_Academy_of_Excellence" title="London Academy of Excellence">London Academy of Excellence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/London_Academy_of_Excellence_Tottenham" title="London Academy of Excellence Tottenham">London Academy of Excellence Tottenham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Newham_Sixth_Form_College" title="Newham Sixth Form College">Newham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Newham_Collegiate_Sixth_Form_Centre" title="Newham Collegiate Sixth Form Centre">Newham Collegiate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St_Charles_Catholic_Sixth_Form_College" title="St Charles Catholic Sixth Form College">St Charles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St_Dominic%27s_Sixth_Form_College" title="St Dominic's Sixth Form College">St Dominic's</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Francis_Xavier_College,_Clapham" title="Saint Francis Xavier College, Clapham">St Francis Xavier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sir_George_Monoux_College" title="Sir George Monoux College">Sir George Monoux</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Bank_University_Sixth_Form" title="South Bank University Sixth Form">South Bank</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tech_City_College" title="Tech City College">Tech City</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Morris_Sixth_Form" title="William Morris Sixth Form">William Morris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Woodhouse_College" title="Woodhouse College">Woodhouse</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="List-Class article"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/d/db/Symbol_list_class.svg/16px-Symbol_list_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/d/db/Symbol_list_class.svg/23px-Symbol_list_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/d/db/Symbol_list_class.svg/31px-Symbol_list_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <b><a href="/wiki/List_of_universities_and_higher_education_colleges_in_London" title="List of universities and higher education colleges in London">List</a></b></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7330738#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7330738#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7330738#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000404255203">ISNI</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/646149196355674790347">VIAF</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/nb2017006745">United States</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1&useformat=desktop" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" 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