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<li id="toc-Antiquity" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Antiquity"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Antiquity</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Antiquity-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Oracles_and_Greek_divination" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Oracles_and_Greek_divination"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1.1</span> <span>Oracles and Greek divination</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Oracles_and_Greek_divination-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Middle_Ages_and_Early_Modern_period" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Middle_Ages_and_Early_Modern_period"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Middle Ages and Early Modern period</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Middle_Ages_and_Early_Modern_period-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Mesoamerica" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Mesoamerica"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>Mesoamerica</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Mesoamerica-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Contemporary_divination_in_Asia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Contemporary_divination_in_Asia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Contemporary divination in Asia</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Contemporary_divination_in_Asia-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Contemporary divination in Asia subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Contemporary_divination_in_Asia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-India_and_Nepal" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#India_and_Nepal"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>India and Nepal</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-India_and_Nepal-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Japan" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Japan"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Japan</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Japan-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Personality_types" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Personality_types"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2.1</span> <span>Personality types</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Personality_types-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Japanese_tarot" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Japanese_tarot"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2.2</span> <span>Japanese tarot</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Japanese_tarot-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Taiwan" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Taiwan"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Taiwan</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Taiwan-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Contemporary_divination_in_Africa" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Contemporary_divination_in_Africa"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Contemporary divination in Africa</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Contemporary_divination_in_Africa-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-References-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle References subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Citations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Citations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Citations</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Citations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Works_cited" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Works_cited"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2</span> <span>Works cited</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Works_cited-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Divination</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 55 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-55" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">55 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wiggelary" title="Wiggelary – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Wiggelary" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%83%D9%87%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%A9" title="كهانة – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="كهانة" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B4%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5" title="Предсказание – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Предсказание" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Endevinaci%C3%B3" title="Endevinació – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Endevinació" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/V%C4%9B%C5%A1tba" title="Věštba – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Věštba" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-co mw-list-item"><a href="https://co.wikipedia.org/wiki/Divinazione" title="Divinazione – Corsican" lang="co" hreflang="co" data-title="Divinazione" data-language-autonym="Corsu" data-language-local-name="Corsican" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Corsu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Darogan" title="Darogan – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Darogan" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Divination" title="Divination – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Divination" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Divination_(Religionswissenschaft)" title="Divination (Religionswissenschaft) – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Divination (Religionswissenschaft)" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ennustamine" title="Ennustamine – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Ennustamine" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adivinaci%C3%B3n" title="Adivinación – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Adivinación" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Divenado" title="Divenado – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Divenado" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aurresan" title="Aurresan – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Aurresan" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B7%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%E2%80%8C%D8%A8%DB%8C%D9%86%DB%8C" title="طالع‌بینی – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="طالع‌بینی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Divination" title="Divination – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Divination" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adivi%C3%B1aci%C3%B3n" title="Adiviñación – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Adiviñación" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%A0%90%EB%B3%B5" title="점복 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="점복" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%88%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A3%E0%A5%80" title="दैववाणी – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="दैववाणी" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proricanje" title="Proricanje – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Proricanje" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ramalan" title="Ramalan – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Ramalan" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Divination" title="Divination – Interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Divination" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="Interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Divinazione" title="Divinazione – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Divinazione" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%97%D7%95%D7%A9" title="ניחוש – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="ניחוש" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbp mw-list-item"><a href="https://kbp.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C9%A9%CA%8B_paz%C9%A9y%CA%8B" title="Tɩʋ pazɩyʋ – Kabiye" lang="kbp" hreflang="kbp" data-title="Tɩʋ pazɩyʋ" data-language-autonym="Kabɩyɛ" data-language-local-name="Kabiye" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kabɩyɛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9B%E1%83%99%E1%83%98%E1%83%97%E1%83%AE%E1%83%90%E1%83%9D%E1%83%91%E1%83%90" title="მკითხაობა – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="მკითხაობა" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D3%A9%D0%BB%D0%B3%D3%A9" title="Төлгө – Kyrgyz" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Төлгө" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kyrgyz" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nia mw-list-item"><a href="https://nia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fama%27ele%27%C3%B6" title="Fama'ele'ö – Nias" lang="nia" hreflang="nia" data-title="Fama'ele'ö" data-language-autonym="Li Niha" data-language-local-name="Nias" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Li Niha</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/J%C3%B3sl%C3%A1s" title="Jóslás – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Jóslás" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%B6%D1%83%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%9A%D0%B5" title="Претскажување – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Претскажување" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vinany_(fanao)" title="Vinany (fanao) – Malagasy" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Vinany (fanao)" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagasy" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Penilikan" title="Penilikan – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Penilikan" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl badge-Q70894304 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wichelarij" title="Wichelarij – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Wichelarij" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8D%A0%E3%81%84" title="占い – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="占い" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Klarsyn" title="Klarsyn – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Klarsyn" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Divinacion" title="Divinacion – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Divinacion" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ami mw-list-item"><a href="https://ami.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pi%E2%80%99arawan_to_sorit:_Mi%E2%80%99edaw" title="Pi’arawan to sorit: Mi’edaw – Amis" lang="ami" hreflang="ami" data-title="Pi’arawan to sorit: Mi’edaw" data-language-autonym="Pangcah" data-language-local-name="Amis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Pangcah</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wr%C3%B3%C5%BCenie" title="Wróżenie – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Wróżenie" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adivinha%C3%A7%C3%A3o" title="Adivinhação – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Adivinhação" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Watuq" title="Watuq – Quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Watuq" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="Quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B4%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5" title="Предсказание – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Предсказание" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B0%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%82%D1%8B%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D0%B1%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B3%D1%8D%D0%BB%D1%8D%D1%8D%D2%BB%D0%B8%D0%BD" title="Хаартынан билгэлээһин – Yakut" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Хаартынан билгэлээһин" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="Yakut" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arriminavintura" title="Arriminavintura – Sicilian" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Arriminavintura" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="Sicilian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Divination" title="Divination – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Divination" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ve%C5%A1tenie" title="Veštenie – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Veštenie" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B0%D1%9A%D0%B5" title="Прорицање – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Прорицање" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proricanje" title="Proricanje – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Proricanje" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Divinaatio" title="Divinaatio – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Divinaatio" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sp%C3%A5domskonst" title="Spådomskonst – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Spådomskonst" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" 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i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable"><span>For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Divination_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Divination (disambiguation)">Divination (disambiguation)</a>.</span> <span>"Divining" redirects here. For pseudoscientific attempts to find water or other things, see <a href="/wiki/Dowsing" title="Dowsing">Dowsing</a>.</span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Rhumsiki_crab_sorceror.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Rhumsiki_crab_sorceror.jpg/260px-Rhumsiki_crab_sorceror.jpg" decoding="async" width="260" height="366" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Rhumsiki_crab_sorceror.jpg/390px-Rhumsiki_crab_sorceror.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Rhumsiki_crab_sorceror.jpg/520px-Rhumsiki_crab_sorceror.jpg 2x" data-file-width="711" data-file-height="1000" /></a><figcaption>A man in <a href="/wiki/Rhumsiki" title="Rhumsiki">Rhumsiki</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cameroon" title="Cameroon">Cameroon</a>, attempts to tell the future by interpreting the changes in position of various objects as caused by a freshwater crab through the practice of <i><a href="/wiki/Ngg%C3%A0m" title="Nggàm">nggàm</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></figcaption></figure> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist 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.sidebar{width:100%!important;clear:both;float:none!important;margin-left:0!important;margin-right:0!important}}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .sidebar a>img{max-width:none!important}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-pretitle" style="padding-top:0.2em;">Part of a series on</td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle" style="background:lavender; padding:0.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Anthropology_of_religion" title="Anthropology of religion">Anthropology of religion</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-image"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Some_results_of_recent_anthropological_exploration_in_Peru_BHL23999360.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Two ancient anthropomorphic figures from Peru" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Some_results_of_recent_anthropological_exploration_in_Peru_BHL23999360.jpg/220px-Some_results_of_recent_anthropological_exploration_in_Peru_BHL23999360.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Some_results_of_recent_anthropological_exploration_in_Peru_BHL23999360.jpg/330px-Some_results_of_recent_anthropological_exploration_in_Peru_BHL23999360.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Some_results_of_recent_anthropological_exploration_in_Peru_BHL23999360.jpg/440px-Some_results_of_recent_anthropological_exploration_in_Peru_BHL23999360.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2864" data-file-height="2148" /></a></span><div class="sidebar-caption">Two ancient anthropomorphic figures from Peru</div></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><div class="sidebar-list-title-c">Basic concepts</div></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content nowraplinks hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Afterlife" title="Afterlife">Afterlife</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Animism" title="Animism">Animism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Augury" title="Augury">Augury</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Communitas" title="Communitas">Communitas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comparative_religion" title="Comparative religion">Comparative religion</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Divination</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Divine_language" title="Divine language">Divine language</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evolutionary_origin_of_religion" title="Evolutionary origin of religion">Evolutionary origin of religion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fetishism" title="Fetishism">Fetishism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Spirit" title="Great Spirit">Great Spirit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henotheism" title="Henotheism">Henotheism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Initiation" title="Initiation">Initiation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laying_on_of_hands" title="Laying on of hands">Laying on of hands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liminality" title="Liminality">Liminality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magic_(supernatural)" title="Magic (supernatural)">Magic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mana_(Oceanian_cultures)" title="Mana (Oceanian cultures)">Mana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monotheism" title="Monotheism">Monotheism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nympholepsy" title="Nympholepsy">Nympholepsy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oracle" title="Oracle">Oracle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pilgrimage" title="Pilgrimage">Pilgrimage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polytheism" title="Polytheism">Polytheism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rite_of_passage" title="Rite of passage">Rite of passage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ritual" title="Ritual">Ritual</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sacred_language" title="Sacred language">Sacred language</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sacred%E2%80%93profane_dichotomy" class="mw-redirect" title="Sacred–profane dichotomy">Sacred–profane dichotomy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sacred_site" class="mw-redirect" title="Sacred site">Sacred site</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shamanism" title="Shamanism">Shamanism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soul_dualism" title="Soul dualism">Soul dualism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Superstition" title="Superstition">Superstition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theories_about_religion" title="Theories about religion">Theories about religion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Totem" title="Totem">Totem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transtheism" title="Transtheism">Transtheism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Veneration_of_the_dead" title="Veneration of the dead">Veneration of the dead</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><div class="sidebar-list-title-c">Case studies</div></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content nowraplinks hlist"> <dl><dt>Magic</dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Coral_Gardens_and_Their_Magic" title="Coral Gardens and Their Magic">Coral Gardens and Their Magic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trait%C3%A9_sur_les_apparitions_des_esprits_et_sur_les_vampires_ou_les_revenans_de_Hongrie,_de_Moravie,_%26c." title="Traité sur les apparitions des esprits et sur les vampires ou les revenans de Hongrie, de Moravie, &c.">Treatise on the Apparitions of<br />Spirits and on Vampires or Revenants</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enchanted_Feminism" title="Enchanted Feminism">Neo-Paganism</a></li></ul> <dl><dt>Ritual</dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Angakkuq" title="Angakkuq">Angakkuq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Babaylan" class="mw-redirect" title="Babaylan">Babaylan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bobohizan" title="Bobohizan">Bobohizan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bomoh" title="Bomoh">Bomoh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bora_(Australian)" title="Bora (Australian)">Bora</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dukun" title="Dukun">Dukun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miko" title="Miko">Miko</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jh%C4%81kri" title="Jhākri">Jhākri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pawang" title="Pawang">Pawang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slametan" title="Slametan">Slametan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wu_(shaman)" title="Wu (shaman)">Wu</a></li></ul> <dl><dt>Revitalization movements</dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cargo_cult" title="Cargo cult">Cargo cult</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ghost_Dance" title="Ghost Dance">Ghost Dance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Handsome_Lake" title="Handsome Lake">Handsome Lake</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><div class="sidebar-list-title-c">Related articles</div></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content nowraplinks hlist"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Elementary_Forms_of_the_Religious_Life" title="The Elementary Forms of the Religious Life">The Elementary Forms<br />of the Religious Life</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Purity_and_Danger" title="Purity and Danger">Purity and Danger</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Myth_and_ritual" title="Myth and ritual">Myth and ritual</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Archaeology_of_religion_and_ritual" title="Archaeology of religion and ritual">Archaeology of religion and ritual</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ceremonial_pole" title="Ceremonial pole">Poles in mythology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lived_religion" title="Lived religion">Lived religion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elite_religion" title="Elite religion">Elite religion</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><div class="sidebar-list-title-c">Major theorists</div></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content nowraplinks hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Antoine_Augustin_Calmet" title="Antoine Augustin Calmet">Augustin Calmet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Akbar_Ahmed" title="Akbar Ahmed">Akbar S. Ahmed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Talal_Asad" title="Talal Asad">Talal Asad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Campbell" title="Joseph Campbell">Joseph Campbell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_Douglas" title="Mary Douglas">Mary Douglas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%89mile_Durkheim" title="Émile Durkheim">Émile Durkheim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mircea_Eliade" title="Mircea Eliade">Mircea Eliade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arnold_van_Gennep" title="Arnold van Gennep">Arnold van Gennep</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ren%C3%A9_Girard" title="René Girard">René Girard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/E._E._Evans-Pritchard" title="E. E. Evans-Pritchard">E. E. Evans-Pritchard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_George_Frazer" title="James George Frazer">James Frazer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Numa_Denis_Fustel_de_Coulanges" title="Numa Denis Fustel de Coulanges">Fustel de Coulanges</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clifford_Geertz" title="Clifford Geertz">Clifford Geertz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robin_W._G._Horton" title="Robin W. G. Horton">Robin Horton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Claude_L%C3%A9vi-Strauss" title="Claude Lévi-Strauss">Claude Lévi-Strauss</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Ranulph_Marett" title="Robert Ranulph Marett">Robert Marett</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steven_Ozment" title="Steven Ozment">Steven Ozment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roy_Rappaport" title="Roy Rappaport">Roy Rappaport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saba_Mahmood" title="Saba Mahmood">Saba Mahmood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marshall_Sahlins" title="Marshall Sahlins">Marshall Sahlins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Melford_Spiro" title="Melford Spiro">Melford Spiro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stanley_Jeyaraja_Tambiah" title="Stanley Jeyaraja Tambiah">Stanley Tambiah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Victor_Turner" title="Victor Turner">Victor Turner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Burnett_Tylor" title="Edward Burnett Tylor">Edward Burnett Tylor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daniel_Martin_Varisco" title="Daniel Martin Varisco">Daniel Martin Varisco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anthony_F._C._Wallace" title="Anthony F. C. Wallace">Anthony F. C. Wallace</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><div class="sidebar-list-title-c">Journals</div></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content nowraplinks hlist"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Anthropological_Perspectives_on_Religion" class="mw-redirect" title="Anthropological Perspectives on Religion">Anthropological Perspectives on Religion</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Folklore_Society" title="The Folklore Society">Folklore</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Hibbert_Journal" title="The Hibbert Journal">The Hibbert Journal</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Journal_of_Religion" title="The Journal of Religion">The Journal of Religion</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Oceania_(journal)" title="Oceania (journal)">Oceania</a></i></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><div class="sidebar-list-title-c"><a href="/wiki/List_of_religions_and_spiritual_traditions" title="List of religions and spiritual traditions">Religions</a></div></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content nowraplinks hlist"> <dl><dt><a href="/wiki/Ethnic_religion" title="Ethnic religion">Ethnic</a> and <a href="/wiki/Folk_religion" title="Folk religion">folk religions</a></dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Afro-American_religion" class="mw-redirect" title="Afro-American religion">Afro-American religion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alaska_Native_religion" title="Alaska Native religion">Alaska Native religion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anito" title="Anito">Anito</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atua" title="Atua">Atua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mongolian_shamanism" title="Mongolian shamanism">Böö mörgöl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_folk_religion" title="Chinese folk religion">Chinese folk religion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hanitu" title="Hanitu">Hanitu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hausa_animism" title="Hausa animism">Hausa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kejaw%C3%A8n" title="Kejawèn">Kejawèn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Native_American_religion" class="mw-redirect" title="Native American religion">Native American religion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Noaidi" title="Noaidi">Noaidi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Korean_shamanism" title="Korean shamanism">Shindo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shamanism_in_Siberia" title="Shamanism in Siberia">Shamanism in Siberia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shinto" title="Shinto">Shinto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tengrism" title="Tengrism">Tengrism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Traditional_African_religions" title="Traditional African religions">Traditional African religions</a></li></ul> <dl><dt><a href="/wiki/Buddhism" title="Buddhism">Buddhism</a></dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mahayana" title="Mahayana">Mahayana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nichiren_Buddhism" title="Nichiren Buddhism">Nichiren</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pure_Land_Buddhism" title="Pure Land Buddhism">Pure Land</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shingon_Buddhism" title="Shingon Buddhism">Shingon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theravada" title="Theravada">Theravada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tiantai" title="Tiantai">Tiantai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tibetan_Buddhism" title="Tibetan Buddhism">Tibetan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vajrayana" title="Vajrayana">Vajrayana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zen" title="Zen">Zen</a></li></ul> <dl><dt><a href="/wiki/Christianity" title="Christianity">Christianity</a></dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adventism" title="Adventism">Adventism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anglicanism" title="Anglicanism">Anglicanism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armenian_Apostolic_Church" title="Armenian Apostolic Church">Armenian Apostolic Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baptists" title="Baptists">Baptists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Calvinism" class="mw-redirect" title="Calvinism">Calvinism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church" title="Catholic Church">Catholic Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coptic_Orthodox_Church" title="Coptic Orthodox Church">Coptic Orthodoxy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Orthodox_Church" title="Eastern Orthodox Church">Eastern Orthodoxy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethiopian_Orthodox_Tewahedo_Church" title="Ethiopian Orthodox Tewahedo Church">Ethiopian Orthodoxy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greek_Orthodox_Church" title="Greek Orthodox Church">Greek Orthodoxy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lutheranism" title="Lutheranism">Lutheranism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Methodism" title="Methodism">Methodism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nestorianism" title="Nestorianism">Nestorianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oriental_Orthodoxy" class="mw-redirect" title="Oriental Orthodoxy">Oriental Orthodoxy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pentecostalism" title="Pentecostalism">Pentecostalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Protestantism" title="Protestantism">Protestantism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quakers" title="Quakers">Quakers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_Orthodox_Church" title="Russian Orthodox Church">Russian Orthodoxy</a></li></ul> <dl><dt><a href="/wiki/Hinduism" title="Hinduism">Hinduism</a></dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hindu_denominations" title="Hindu denominations">Hindu denominations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shaivism" title="Shaivism">Shaivism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shaktism" title="Shaktism">Shaktism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smartism" class="mw-redirect" title="Smartism">Smartism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vaishnavism" title="Vaishnavism">Vaishnavism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ayyavazhi" title="Ayyavazhi">Ayyavazhi</a></li></ul> <dl><dt><a href="/wiki/Islam" title="Islam">Islam</a></dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ahmadiyya" title="Ahmadiyya">Ahmadiyya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ibadi" class="mw-redirect" title="Ibadi">Ibadi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahdavia" class="mw-redirect" title="Mahdavia">Mahdavia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Non-denominational_Muslim" title="Non-denominational Muslim">Non-denominational</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quranism" title="Quranism">Quranists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shia_Islam" title="Shia Islam">Shia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sufism" title="Sufism">Sufism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sunni_Islam" title="Sunni Islam">Sunni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yazd%C3%A2nism" title="Yazdânism">Yazdânism</a></li></ul> <dl><dt><a href="/wiki/Judaism" title="Judaism">Judaism</a></dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Conservative_Judaism" title="Conservative Judaism">Conservative</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haredi_Judaism" title="Haredi Judaism">Haredi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hasidic_Judaism" title="Hasidic Judaism">Hasidic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haymanot" title="Haymanot">Haymanot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karaite_Judaism" title="Karaite Judaism">Karaite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orthodox_Judaism" title="Orthodox Judaism">Orthodox</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reform_Judaism" title="Reform Judaism">Reform</a></li></ul> <dl><dt><a href="/wiki/Jainism" title="Jainism">Jainism</a></dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Digambara" title="Digambara">Digambara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C5%9Avet%C4%81mbara" title="Śvetāmbara">Śvetāmbara</a></li></ul> <dl><dt><a href="/wiki/Sikhism" title="Sikhism">Sikhism</a></dt></dl></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-below" style="padding-top:0.15em;"> <a href="/wiki/Social_anthropology" title="Social anthropology">Social</a> and <a href="/wiki/Cultural_anthropology" title="Cultural anthropology">cultural anthropology</a></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output 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abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Anthropology_of_religion" title="Template:Anthropology of religion"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Anthropology_of_religion" title="Template talk:Anthropology of religion"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Anthropology_of_religion" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Anthropology of religion"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1246091330"><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile nowraplinks"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-pretitle" style="background: #efefef">Part of <a href="/wiki/Category:Magic_(supernatural)" title="Category:Magic (supernatural)">a series</a> on</td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle" style="background: #efefef;font-size:170%;"><a href="/wiki/Magic_(supernatural)" title="Magic (supernatural)">Magic</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-image" style="background:#ffffff"><span class="mw-default-size notpageimage" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Heptameron_magic_circle.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Heptameron_magic_circle.jpg/110px-Heptameron_magic_circle.jpg" decoding="async" width="110" height="106" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Heptameron_magic_circle.jpg/165px-Heptameron_magic_circle.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Heptameron_magic_circle.jpg/220px-Heptameron_magic_circle.jpg 2x" data-file-width="529" data-file-height="510" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist" style="padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background: #efefef;background:#ccccff;padding:0;color:#333399;;color: var(--color-base)"><div class="sidebar-list-title-c">Background</div></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_magic" title="History of magic">History of magic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magic_and_religion" title="Magic and religion">Magic and religion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psychological_theories_of_magic" title="Psychological theories of magic">Psychological theories of magic</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist" style="padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background: #efefef;background:#ccccff;padding:0;color:#333399;;color: var(--color-base)"><div class="sidebar-list-title-c">Forms</div></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Apotropaic_magic" title="Apotropaic magic">Apotropaic magic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_magic" title="Black magic">Black magic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ceremonial_magic" title="Ceremonial magic">Ceremonial magic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chaos_magic" title="Chaos magic">Chaos magic</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Divination</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evocation" title="Evocation">Evocation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sorcery_(goetia)" title="Sorcery (goetia)">Goetia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gray_magic" title="Gray magic">Gray magic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Invocation" title="Invocation">Invocation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Natural_magic" title="Natural magic">Natural magic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Necromancy" title="Necromancy">Necromancy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sex_magic" title="Sex magic">Sex magic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shamanism" title="Shamanism">Shamanism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sigil" title="Sigil">Sigils</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sympathetic_magic" title="Sympathetic magic">Sympathetic magic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thaumaturgy" title="Thaumaturgy">Thaumaturgy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theurgy" title="Theurgy">Theurgy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_magic" title="White magic">White magic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Witchcraft" title="Witchcraft">Witchcraft</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist" style="padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background: #efefef;background:#ccccff;padding:0;color:#333399;;color: var(--color-base)"><div class="sidebar-list-title-c">Religion</div></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Magic_and_religion" title="Magic and religion">Magic and religion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_views_on_magic" title="Christian views on magic">Christian views on magic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Folk_religion" title="Folk religion">Folk religion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islam_and_magic" title="Islam and magic">Islam and magic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mysticism" title="Mysticism">Mysticism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shinto" title="Shinto">Shinto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thelema" title="Thelema">Thelema</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist" style="padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background: #efefef;background:#ccccff;padding:0;color:#333399;;color: var(--color-base)"><div class="sidebar-list-title-c">Related topics</div></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Incantation" title="Incantation">Incantation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magical_formula" title="Magical formula">Magical formula</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magical_organization" title="Magical organization">Magical organization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Occult" title="Occult">Occult</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_esotericism" title="Western esotericism">Western esotericism</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Magic_sidebar" title="Template:Magic sidebar"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Template_talk:Magic_sidebar&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Template talk:Magic sidebar (page does not exist)"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Magic_sidebar" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Magic sidebar"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1246091330"><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile nowraplinks"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-pretitle">Part of <a href="/wiki/Category:Paranormal" title="Category:Paranormal">a series</a> on the</td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle" style="font-size:175%;padding:0 0.2em 0.4em;"><a href="/wiki/Paranormal" title="Paranormal">Paranormal</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background-color:#ebebeb;;color: var(--color-base)">Main articles</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Astral_projection" title="Astral projection">Astral projection</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Astrology" title="Astrology">Astrology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aura_(paranormal)" title="Aura (paranormal)">Aura</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bilocation" title="Bilocation">Bilocation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inedia" title="Inedia">Breatharianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clairvoyance" title="Clairvoyance">Clairvoyance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Close_encounter" title="Close encounter">Close encounter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cold_spot_(paranormal)" class="mw-redirect" title="Cold spot (paranormal)">Cold spot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crystal_gazing" title="Crystal gazing">Crystal gazing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evocation" title="Evocation">Conjuration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cryptozoology" title="Cryptozoology">Cryptozoology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spirit_possession" title="Spirit possession">Demonic possession</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demonology" title="Demonology">Demonology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Doppelg%C3%A4nger" title="Doppelgänger">Doppelgänger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ectoplasm_(paranormal)" title="Ectoplasm (paranormal)">Ectoplasm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electronic_voice_phenomenon" title="Electronic voice phenomenon">Electronic voice phenomenon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Exorcism" title="Exorcism">Exorcism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Extrasensory_perception" title="Extrasensory perception">Extrasensory perception</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Forteana" class="mw-redirect" title="Forteana">Forteana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fortune-telling" title="Fortune-telling">Fortune-telling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ghost_hunting" title="Ghost hunting">Ghost hunting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_reportedly_haunted_locations" title="List of reportedly haunted locations">Haunted locations</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_reportedly_haunted_locations_in_India" title="List of reportedly haunted locations in India">India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reportedly_haunted_locations_in_the_United_Kingdom" class="mw-redirect" title="Reportedly haunted locations in the United Kingdom">UK</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_reportedly_haunted_locations_in_the_United_States" title="List of reportedly haunted locations in the United States">US</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magic_(supernatural)" title="Magic (supernatural)">Magic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mediumship" title="Mediumship">Mediumship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miracle" title="Miracle">Miracle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Occult" title="Occult">Occult</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orb_(optics)#Paranormal_claims" class="mw-redirect" title="Orb (optics)">Orb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ouija" title="Ouija">Ouija</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paranormal_fiction" title="Paranormal fiction">Paranormal fiction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paranormal_television" title="Paranormal television">Paranormal television</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Precognition" title="Precognition">Precognition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Preternatural" title="Preternatural">Preternatural</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psychic" title="Psychic">Psychic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psychic_reading" title="Psychic reading">Psychic reading</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psychometry_(paranormal)" title="Psychometry (paranormal)">Psychometry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reincarnation" title="Reincarnation">Reincarnation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Remote_viewing" title="Remote viewing">Remote viewing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Retrocognition" title="Retrocognition">Retrocognition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spirit_photography" title="Spirit photography">Spirit photography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spirit_possession" title="Spirit possession">Spirit possession</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spirit_world_(Spiritualism)" title="Spirit world (Spiritualism)">Spirit world</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spiritualism_(beliefs)" title="Spiritualism (beliefs)">Spiritualism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stone_Tape" class="mw-redirect" title="Stone Tape">Stone Tape</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Supernatural" title="Supernatural">Supernatural</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telekinesis" title="Telekinesis">Telekinesis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telepathy" title="Telepathy">Telepathy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Table-turning" title="Table-turning">Table-turning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ufology" title="Ufology">Ufology</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background-color:#ebebeb;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Skepticism" title="Skepticism">Skepticism</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cold_reading" title="Cold reading">Cold reading</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Committee_for_Skeptical_Inquiry" title="Committee for Skeptical Inquiry">Committee for Skeptical Inquiry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Debunker" title="Debunker">Debunking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hoax" title="Hoax">Hoax</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Randi_Educational_Foundation" title="James Randi Educational Foundation">James Randi Educational Foundation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magical_thinking" title="Magical thinking">Magical thinking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_prizes_for_evidence_of_the_paranormal" title="List of prizes for evidence of the paranormal">Prizes for evidence of the paranormal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pseudoskepticism" title="Pseudoskepticism">Pseudoskepticism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scientific_literacy" title="Scientific literacy">Scientific literacy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scientific_skepticism" title="Scientific skepticism">Scientific skepticism</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background-color:#ebebeb;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Parapsychology" title="Parapsychology">Parapsychology</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anomalous_experiences" title="Anomalous experiences">Anomalous experiences</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apparitional_experience" title="Apparitional experience">Apparitional experiences</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Empath" title="Empath">Empath</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/False_awakening" title="False awakening">False awakening</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hypnosis" title="Hypnosis">Hypnosis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ideomotor_phenomenon" title="Ideomotor phenomenon">Ideomotor phenomenon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Out-of-body_experience" title="Out-of-body experience">Out-of-body experiences</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parapsychology" title="Parapsychology">Parapsychology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Synchronicity" title="Synchronicity">Synchronicity</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background-color:#ebebeb;;color: var(--color-base)">Related</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anomalistics" title="Anomalistics">Anomalistics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Argument_from_ignorance" title="Argument from ignorance">Argument from ignorance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Argumentum_ad_populum" title="Argumentum ad populum">Argumentum ad populum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bandwagon_effect" title="Bandwagon effect">Bandwagon effect</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Begging_the_question" title="Begging the question">Begging the question</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cognitive_dissonance" title="Cognitive dissonance">Cognitive dissonance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Communal_reinforcement" title="Communal reinforcement">Communal reinforcement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fallacy" title="Fallacy">Fallacy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Falsifiability" title="Falsifiability">Falsifiability</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fringe_science" title="Fringe science">Fringe science</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Groupthink" title="Groupthink">Groupthink</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hypnosis" title="Hypnosis">Hypnosis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Junk_science" title="Junk science">Junk science</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Protoscience" title="Protoscience">Protoscience</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pseudoscience" title="Pseudoscience">Pseudoscience</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scientific_evidence" title="Scientific evidence">Scientific evidence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scientific_method" title="Scientific method">Scientific method</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Superstition" title="Superstition">Superstition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uncertainty" title="Uncertainty">Uncertainty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Urban_legend" title="Urban legend">Urban legend</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Paranormal" title="Template:Paranormal"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Paranormal" title="Template talk:Paranormal"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Paranormal" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Paranormal"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1246091330"><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile nowraplinks hlist"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-pretitle">Part of <a href="/wiki/Category:Esotericism" title="Category:Esotericism"><i>a series</i></a> on</td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle">Esotericism</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-image" style="padding:10px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flower_of_Life_19-circles.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Esoteric symbolism"><img alt="Esoteric symbolism" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Flower_of_Life_19-circles.svg/90px-Flower_of_Life_19-circles.svg.png" decoding="async" width="90" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Flower_of_Life_19-circles.svg/135px-Flower_of_Life_19-circles.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Flower_of_Life_19-circles.svg/180px-Flower_of_Life_19-circles.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="1000" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)">Key concepts</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Western_esotericism" title="Western esotericism">Western esotericism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_esotericism" title="Eastern esotericism">Eastern esotericism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alchemy" title="Alchemy">Alchemy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Astrology" title="Astrology">Astrology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gnosis" title="Gnosis">Gnosis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hermeticism" title="Hermeticism">Hermeticism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kabbalah" title="Kabbalah">Kabbalah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magic_(supernatural)" title="Magic (supernatural)">Magic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metaphysics" title="Metaphysics">Metaphysics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mystical_theology" title="Mystical theology">Mystical theology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mysticism" title="Mysticism">Mysticism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Occult" title="Occult">Occult</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thelema" title="Thelema">Thelema</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theosophy" title="Theosophy">Theosophy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Traditionalism_(perennialism)" title="Traditionalism (perennialism)">Traditionalism</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)">Rites</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Astral_projection" title="Astral projection">Astral projection</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Body_of_light" title="Body of light">Body of light</a></li></ul></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Divination</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Esoteric_transmission" class="mw-redirect" title="Esoteric transmission">Esoteric transmission</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evocation" title="Evocation">Evocation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Exorcism" title="Exorcism">Exorcism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Initiation" title="Initiation">Initiation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Invocation" title="Invocation">Invocation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meditation" title="Meditation">Meditation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Propitiation" title="Propitiation">Propitiation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rite_of_passage" title="Rite of passage">Rite of passage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ritual_purification" title="Ritual purification">Ritual purification</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sacrifice" title="Sacrifice">Sacrifice</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)">Societies</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/A%E2%88%B4A%E2%88%B4" title="A∴A∴">A∴A∴</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%89lus_Co%C3%ABns" class="mw-redirect" title="Élus Coëns">Élus Coëns</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freemasonry" title="Freemasonry">Freemasonry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hermetic_Order_of_the_Golden_Dawn" title="Hermetic Order of the Golden Dawn">Golden Dawn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martinism" title="Martinism">Martinism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rosicrucianism" title="Rosicrucianism">Rosicrucianism</a><br /></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tariqa" title="Tariqa">Tariqa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Typhonian_Order" title="Typhonian Order">Typhonian Order</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magical_organization" title="Magical organization">List of magical organizations</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)">Notable figures</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Madame_Blavatsky" class="mw-redirect" title="Madame Blavatsky">Blavatsky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jakob_B%C3%B6hme" title="Jakob Böhme">Böhme</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Titus_Burckhardt" title="Titus Burckhardt">Burckhardt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aleister_Crowley" title="Aleister Crowley">Crowley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Dee" title="John Dee">Dee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dionysius_the_Areopagite" title="Dionysius the Areopagite">Dionysius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Julius_Evola" title="Julius Evola">Evola</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antoine_Faivre" title="Antoine Faivre">Faivre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ren%C3%A9_Gu%C3%A9non" title="René Guénon">Guénon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Gurdjieff" title="George Gurdjieff">Gurdjieff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manly_P._Hall" title="Manly P. Hall">Hall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hermes_Trismegistus" title="Hermes Trismegistus">Hermes Trismegistus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ibn_Arabi" title="Ibn Arabi">Ibn Arabi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carl_Jung" title="Carl Jung">Jung</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anton_Lavey" class="mw-redirect" title="Anton Lavey">Lavey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%89liphas_L%C3%A9vi" title="Éliphas Lévi">Lévi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samuel_Liddell_Mathers" class="mw-redirect" title="Samuel Liddell Mathers">Mathers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seyyed_Hossein_Nasr" title="Seyyed Hossein Nasr">Nasr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harry_Oldmeadow" title="Harry Oldmeadow">Oldmeadow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paracelsus" title="Paracelsus">Paracelsus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pythagoras" title="Pythagoras">Pythagoras</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frithjof_Schuon" title="Frithjof Schuon">Schuon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rudolf_Steiner" title="Rudolf Steiner">Steiner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Edward_Waite" class="mw-redirect" title="Arthur Edward Waite">Waite</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)">Related topics</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anthroposophy" title="Anthroposophy">Anthroposophy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Esoteric_Neo-Nazism" title="Esoteric Neo-Nazism">Esoteric Hitlerism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gnosticism" title="Gnosticism">Gnosticism</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Esotericism" title="Template:Esotericism"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Esotericism" title="Template talk:Esotericism"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Esotericism" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Esotericism"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Divination</b> (from <a href="/wiki/Latin_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Latin language">Latin</a> <i> <i lang="la"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/divinare#Latin" class="extiw" title="wikt:divinare">divinare</a></i></i> 'to foresee, foretell, predict, prophesy, etc.')<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> is the attempt to gain insight into a question or situation by way of an <a href="/wiki/Occult" title="Occult">occultic</a> ritual or practice.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Using various methods throughout history, diviners ascertain their interpretations of how a <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/querent" class="extiw" title="wikt:querent">querent</a> should proceed by reading signs, events, or <a href="/wiki/Omen" title="Omen">omens</a>, or through alleged contact or interaction with <a href="/wiki/Supernatural" title="Supernatural">supernatural</a> agencies<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESilva2016_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESilva2016-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> such as <a href="/wiki/Ghost" title="Ghost">spirits</a>, gods, god-like-beings or the "will of the <a href="/wiki/Universe" title="Universe">universe</a>".<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Divination_display_at_the_Pitt_Rivers_Museum.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Divination_display_at_the_Pitt_Rivers_Museum.jpg/260px-Divination_display_at_the_Pitt_Rivers_Museum.jpg" decoding="async" width="260" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Divination_display_at_the_Pitt_Rivers_Museum.jpg/390px-Divination_display_at_the_Pitt_Rivers_Museum.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Divination_display_at_the_Pitt_Rivers_Museum.jpg/520px-Divination_display_at_the_Pitt_Rivers_Museum.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4896" data-file-height="2752" /></a><figcaption>Display on divination, featuring a cross-cultural range of items, in the <a href="/wiki/Pitt_Rivers_Museum" title="Pitt Rivers Museum">Pitt Rivers Museum</a> in <a href="/wiki/Oxford" title="Oxford">Oxford</a>, <a href="/wiki/England" title="England">England</a> </figcaption></figure> <p>Divination can be seen as an attempt to organize what appears to be random so that it provides insight into a problem or issue at hand.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMorgan2016502–504_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMorgan2016502–504-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Some instruments or practices of divination include <a href="/wiki/Tarot_card_reading" title="Tarot card reading">Tarot-card</a> reading, <a href="/wiki/Runic_magic" title="Runic magic">rune casting</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tasseography" title="Tasseography">tea-leaf reading</a>, <a href="/wiki/Automatic_writing" title="Automatic writing">automatic writing</a>, water <a href="/wiki/Scrying" title="Scrying">scrying</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Psychedelics" class="mw-redirect" title="Psychedelics">psychedelics</a> like <a href="/wiki/Psilocybin_mushrooms" class="mw-redirect" title="Psilocybin mushrooms">psilocybin mushrooms</a> and <a href="/wiki/DMT" class="mw-redirect" title="DMT">DMT</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> If a distinction is made between divination and <a href="/wiki/Fortune-telling" title="Fortune-telling">fortune-telling</a>, divination has a more formal or <a href="/wiki/Ritual" title="Ritual">ritualistic</a> element and often contains a more social character,<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (December 2023)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> usually in a <a href="/wiki/Religion" title="Religion">religious</a> context, as seen in <a href="/wiki/Traditional_African_medicine" title="Traditional African medicine">traditional African medicine</a>. Fortune-telling, on the other hand, is a more everyday practice for personal purposes. Particular <a href="/wiki/Methods_of_divination" title="Methods of divination">divination methods</a> vary by culture and religion. </p><p>In its functional relation to <a href="/wiki/Magic_(supernatural)" title="Magic (supernatural)">magic</a> in general, divination can have a preliminary and investigative role: </p> <blockquote> <p>[...] the diagnosis or prognosis achieved through divination is both temporarily and logically related to the manipulative, protective or alleviative function of magic rituals. In divination one finds the cause of an ailment or a potential danger, in magic one subsequently acts upon this knowledge.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> </blockquote> <p>Divination has long attracted criticism. In the modern era, it has been dismissed by the <a href="/wiki/Scientific_community" title="Scientific community">scientific community</a> and by skeptics as being <a href="/wiki/Superstition" title="Superstition">superstitious</a>; experiments do not support the idea that divination techniques can actually predict the future more reliably or precisely than would be possible without it.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In antiquity, divination came under attack from philosophers such as the <a href="/wiki/Academic_skepticism" title="Academic skepticism">Academic skeptic</a> <a href="/wiki/Cicero" title="Cicero">Cicero</a> in <i><a href="/wiki/De_Divinatione" title="De Divinatione">De Divinatione</a></i> (1st century BCE) and the <a href="/wiki/Pyrrhonism" title="Pyrrhonism">Pyrrhonist</a> <a href="/wiki/Sextus_Empiricus" title="Sextus Empiricus">Sextus Empiricus</a> in <i>Against the Astrologers</i> (2nd century CE). The satirist <a href="/wiki/Lucian" title="Lucian">Lucian</a> (<abbr title="circa">c.</abbr> 125 – after 180) devoted an essay to <a href="/wiki/Alexander_of_Abonoteichus" title="Alexander of Abonoteichus">Alexander the false prophet</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Divination&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:ChickenDivination.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/ChickenDivination.jpg/220px-ChickenDivination.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="181" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/ChickenDivination.jpg/330px-ChickenDivination.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/ChickenDivination.jpg/440px-ChickenDivination.jpg 2x" data-file-width="666" data-file-height="549" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia">Russian</a> peasant girls using <a href="/wiki/Chicken" title="Chicken">chickens</a> for divination; 19th-century <a href="/wiki/Lubok" title="Lubok">lubok</a>.</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Antiquity">Antiquity</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Divination&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Antiquity"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Nymphaion_(fire_sanctuary)" title="Nymphaion (fire sanctuary)">eternal fire at Nymphaion</a> in southern <a href="/wiki/Illyria" title="Illyria">Illyria</a> (present-day <a href="/wiki/Albania" title="Albania">Albania</a>) also functioned as an oracle. The forms of divination practiced in this natural fire sanctuary with peculiar physical properties were widely known to the ancient Greek and Roman authors.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Oracle of <a href="/wiki/Amun" title="Amun">Amun</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Siwa_Oasis" title="Siwa Oasis">Siwa Oasis</a> was made famous when <a href="/wiki/Alexander_the_Great" title="Alexander the Great">Alexander the Great</a> visited it after conquering Egypt from Persia in 332 BC.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bible.oremus.org/?passage=Deuteronomy%2018:10–12&version=nrsv">Deuteronomy 18:10–12</a> or <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bible.oremus.org/?passage=Leviticus%2019:26&version=nrsv">Leviticus 19:26</a> can be interpreted as categorically forbidding divination. But some biblical practices, such as <a href="/wiki/Urim_and_Thummim" title="Urim and Thummim">Urim and Thummim</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cleromancy" title="Cleromancy">casting lots</a> and <a href="/wiki/Prayer" title="Prayer">prayer</a>, are considered to be divination. Trevan G. Hatch disputes these comparisons because divination did not consult the "one true God" and manipulated the divine for the diviner's self-interest.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> One of the earliest known divination artifacts, a book called the Sortes Sanctorum, is believed to be of Christian roots, and utilizes dice to provide insight into the future.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Uri Gabbay states that divination was associated with sacrificial rituals in the ancient Near East, including Mesopotamia and Israel. Extispicy was a common example, where diviners would pray to their god(s) before <a href="/wiki/Vivisection" title="Vivisection">vivisecting</a> a sacrificial animal. Their abominal organs would reveal a divine message, which aligned with <a href="/wiki/Cardiocentric_hypothesis" title="Cardiocentric hypothesis">cardiocentric</a> views of the mind.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Oracles_and_Greek_divination">Oracles and Greek divination</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Divination&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Oracles and Greek divination"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Oracle" title="Oracle">Oracle</a> and <a href="/wiki/Greek_divination" title="Greek divination">Greek divination</a></div> <p>Both oracles and seers in ancient Greece practiced divination. <a href="/wiki/Oracle#Greece" title="Oracle">Oracles</a> were the conduits for the gods on earth; their prophecies were understood to be the will of the gods verbatim. Because of the high demand for oracle consultations and the oracles’ limited work schedule, they were not the main source of divination for the ancient Greeks. That role fell to the seers (<a href="/wiki/Greek_language" title="Greek language">Greek</a>: <span lang="el">μάντεις</span>).<sup id="cite_ref-Princeton_Classics_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Princeton_Classics-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Seers were not in direct contact with the gods; instead, they were interpreters of signs provided by the gods. Seers used many methods to explicate the will of the gods including <a href="/wiki/Extispicy" class="mw-redirect" title="Extispicy">extispicy</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ornithomancy" title="Ornithomancy">ornithomancy</a>, etc. They were more numerous than the oracles and did not keep a limited schedule; thus, they were highly valued by all Greeks, not just those with the capacity to travel to <a href="/wiki/Delphi" title="Delphi">Delphi</a> or other such distant sites.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The disadvantage of seers was that only direct yes-or-no questions could be answered. Oracles could answer more generalized questions, and seers often had to perform several sacrifices in order to get the most consistent answer. For example, if a general wanted to know if the omens were proper for him to advance on the enemy, he would ask his seer both that question and if it were better for him to remain on the defensive. If the seer gave consistent answers, the advice was considered valid.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (November 2019)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>During battle, generals would frequently ask seers at both the <a href="/wiki/Campground" class="mw-redirect" title="Campground">campground</a> (a process called the <i>hiera</i>) and at the <a href="/wiki/Battle" title="Battle">battlefield</a> (called the <i>sphagia</i>). The hiera entailed the seer slaughtering a sheep and examining its liver for answers regarding a more generic question; the sphagia involved killing a young female goat by slitting its throat and noting the animal's last movements and blood flow. The battlefield sacrifice only occurred when two armies prepared for battle against each other. Neither force would advance until the seer revealed appropriate <a href="/wiki/Omen" title="Omen">omens</a>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (November 2019)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>Because the seers had such power over influential individuals in ancient Greece, many were skeptical of the accuracy and honesty of the seers. The degree to which seers were honest depends entirely on the individual seers. Despite the doubt surrounding individual seers, the craft as a whole was well regarded and trusted by the Greeks,<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and the <a href="/wiki/Stoicism" title="Stoicism">Stoics</a> accounted for the validity of divination in their <a href="/wiki/Stoic_physics#Divination" title="Stoic physics">physics</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Middle_Ages_and_Early_Modern_period">Middle Ages and Early Modern period</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Divination&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Middle Ages and Early Modern period"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Medieval_magic" class="mw-redirect" title="Medieval magic">Medieval magic</a>, <a href="/wiki/Renaissance_magic" title="Renaissance magic">Renaissance magic</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Folk_Catholicism" title="Folk Catholicism">Folk Catholicism</a></div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1246091330"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile nowraplinks"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-pretitle" style="background: #efefef">Part of <a href="/wiki/Category:Magic_(supernatural)" title="Category:Magic (supernatural)">a series</a> on</td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle" style="background: #efefef;font-size:170%;"><a href="/wiki/Artes_prohibitae" title="Artes prohibitae">Artes Prohibitae</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-above"> <div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nigromancy" class="mw-redirect" title="Nigromancy">nigromancy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geomancy" title="Geomancy">geomancy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hydromancy" title="Hydromancy">hydromancy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aeromancy" title="Aeromancy">aeromancy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pyromancy" title="Pyromancy">pyromancy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chiromancy" class="mw-redirect" title="Chiromancy">chiromancy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scapulimancy" title="Scapulimancy">scapulimancy</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist" style="padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background: #efefef;background:#ccccff;padding:0;color:#333399;;color: var(--color-base)"><div class="sidebar-list-title-c">Related</div></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_magic" title="History of magic">History of magic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magic_and_religion" title="Magic and religion">Magic and religion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psychological_theories_of_magic" title="Psychological theories of magic">Psychological theories of magic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sorcery_(goetia)" title="Sorcery (goetia)">Sorcery (goetia)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_magic" title="Black magic">Black magic</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Divination</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_esotericism" title="Western esotericism">Western esotericism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Occult" title="Occult">Occult</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Artes_prohibitae" title="Template:Artes prohibitae"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Template_talk:Artes_prohibitae&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Template talk:Artes prohibitae (page does not exist)"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Artes_prohibitae" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Artes prohibitae"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The divination method of casting lots (<a href="/wiki/Cleromancy" title="Cleromancy">Cleromancy</a>) was used by the remaining eleven disciples of Jesus in <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bible.oremus.org/?passage=Acts%201:23–26&version=nrsv">Acts 1:23–26</a> to select a replacement for <a href="/wiki/Judas_Iscariot" title="Judas Iscariot">Judas Iscariot</a>. Therefore, divination was arguably an accepted practice in the early church. However, divination became viewed as a pagan practice by Christian <a href="/wiki/Emperor" title="Emperor">emperors</a> during <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Rome" title="Ancient Rome">ancient Rome</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 692 the <a href="/wiki/Quinisext_Council" title="Quinisext Council">Quinisext Council</a>, also known as the "Council in Trullo" in the <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Orthodox_Church" title="Eastern Orthodox Church">Eastern Orthodox Church</a>, passed canons to eliminate pagan and divination practices.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Fortune-telling" title="Fortune-telling">Fortune-telling</a> and other forms of divination were widespread through the <a href="/wiki/Middle_Ages" title="Middle Ages">Middle Ages</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the constitution of 1572 and public regulations of 1661 of the <a href="/wiki/Electorate_of_Saxony" title="Electorate of Saxony">Electorate of Saxony</a>, capital punishment was used on those predicting the future.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Laws forbidding divination practice continue to this day.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Waldensians" title="Waldensians">Waldensians</a> sect were accused of practicing divination.<sup id="cite_ref-Golden_2006_p._26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Golden_2006_p.-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Sm%C3%A5land" title="Småland">Småland</a> is famous for <a href="/wiki/%C3%85rsg%C3%A5ng" title="Årsgång">Årsgång</a>, a practice which occurred until the early 19th century in some parts of Småland. Generally occurring on Christmas and New Year's Eve, it is a practice in which one would fast and keep themselves away from light in a room until midnight to then complete a set of complex events to interpret symbols encountered throughout the journey to foresee the coming year.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In <a href="/wiki/Islam" title="Islam">Islam</a>, <a href="/wiki/Astrology" title="Astrology">astrology</a> (<i>‘ilm ahkam al-nujum</i>), the most widespread divinatory science, is the study of how celestial entities could be applied to the daily lives of people on earth.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELeoniLoryGruber201613_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELeoniLoryGruber201613-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is important to emphasize the practical nature of divinatory sciences because people from all socioeconomic levels and pedigrees sought the advice of astrologers to make important decisions in their lives.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELeoniLoryGruber201610,_16–17_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELeoniLoryGruber201610,_16–17-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Astronomy_in_the_medieval_Islamic_world" title="Astronomy in the medieval Islamic world">Astronomy</a> was made a distinct science by intellectuals who did not agree with the former, although distinction may not have been made in daily practice, where astrology was technically outlawed and only tolerated if it was employed in public. Astrologers, trained as scientists and astronomers, were able to interpret the celestial forces that ruled the "sub-lunar" to predict a variety of information from <a href="/wiki/Lunar_phase" title="Lunar phase">lunar phases</a> and drought to times of prayer and the foundation of cities. The courtly sanction and elite patronage of <a href="/wiki/Muslims" title="Muslims">Muslim</a> rulers benefited astrologers’ intellectual statures.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELeoniLoryGruber201613,_16–17_31-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELeoniLoryGruber201613,_16–17-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Safavid_Dynasty,_Joseph_Enthroned_from_a_Falnama_(Book_of_Omens),_circa_1550_AD.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Safavid_Dynasty%2C_Joseph_Enthroned_from_a_Falnama_%28Book_of_Omens%29%2C_circa_1550_AD.jpg/220px-Safavid_Dynasty%2C_Joseph_Enthroned_from_a_Falnama_%28Book_of_Omens%29%2C_circa_1550_AD.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="290" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Safavid_Dynasty%2C_Joseph_Enthroned_from_a_Falnama_%28Book_of_Omens%29%2C_circa_1550_AD.jpg/330px-Safavid_Dynasty%2C_Joseph_Enthroned_from_a_Falnama_%28Book_of_Omens%29%2C_circa_1550_AD.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Safavid_Dynasty%2C_Joseph_Enthroned_from_a_Falnama_%28Book_of_Omens%29%2C_circa_1550_AD.jpg/440px-Safavid_Dynasty%2C_Joseph_Enthroned_from_a_Falnama_%28Book_of_Omens%29%2C_circa_1550_AD.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2730" data-file-height="3600" /></a><figcaption>Joseph Enthroned. Folio from the "Book of Omens" (<i><a href="/wiki/Falnama" title="Falnama">Falnama</a></i>), <a href="/wiki/Safavid_dynasty" title="Safavid dynasty">Safavid dynasty</a>. 1550. <a href="/wiki/Freer_Gallery_of_Art" title="Freer Gallery of Art">Freer Gallery of Art</a>. This painting would have been positioned alongside a prognostic description of the meaning of this image on the page opposite (conventionally to the left). The reader would flip randomly to a place in the book and digest the text having first viewed the image.</figcaption></figure> <p>The “science of the sand” (<i>‘ilm al-raml</i>), otherwise translated as <a href="/wiki/Geomancy" title="Geomancy">geomancy</a>, is “based on the interpretation of figures traced on sand or other surface known as <a href="/wiki/Geomantic_figures" title="Geomantic figures">geomantic figures</a>.”<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELeoniLoryGruber201621_32-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELeoniLoryGruber201621-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is a good example of Islamic divination at a popular level. The core principle that meaning derives from a unique occupied position is identical to the core principle of astrology. </p><p>Like astronomy, geomancy used deduction and computation to uncover significant <a href="/wiki/Prophecy" title="Prophecy">prophecies</a> as opposed to <a href="/wiki/Omen" title="Omen">omens</a> (<i>‘ilm al-fa’l</i>), which were process of “reading” visible random events to decipher the invisible realities from which they originated. It was upheld by <a href="/wiki/Prophecy" title="Prophecy">prophetic</a> tradition and relied almost exclusively on text, specifically the <a href="/wiki/Quran" title="Quran">Qur’an</a> (which carried a table for guidance) and poetry, as a development of <a href="/wiki/Bibliomancy" title="Bibliomancy">bibliomancy</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELeoniLoryGruber201621_32-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELeoniLoryGruber201621-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The practice culminated in the appearance of the illustrated “Books of Omens” (<i><a href="/wiki/Falnama" title="Falnama">Falnama</a></i>) in the early 16th century, an embodiment of the apocalyptic fears as the end of the millennium in the <a href="/wiki/Islamic_calendar" title="Islamic calendar">Islamic calendar</a> approached.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELeoniLoryGruber201626_33-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELeoniLoryGruber201626-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Dream interpretation, or <a href="/wiki/Oneiromancy" title="Oneiromancy">oneiromancy</a> <i>(‘ilm ta’bir al-ru’ya</i>), is more specific to Islam than other divinatory science, largely because of the Qur’an’s emphasis on the predictive dreams of <a href="/wiki/Abraham" title="Abraham">Abraham</a>, <a href="/wiki/Yusuf_(surah)" title="Yusuf (surah)">Yusuf</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Muhammad" title="Muhammad">Muhammad</a>. The important delineation within the practice lies between “incoherent dreams” and “sound dreams,” which were “a part of prophecy” or heavenly message.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELeoniLoryGruber201626–27_34-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELeoniLoryGruber201626–27-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Dream_interpretation" title="Dream interpretation">Dream interpretation</a> was always tied to Islamic religious texts, providing a moral compass to those seeking advice. The practitioner needed to be skilled enough to apply the individual dream to general precedent while appraising the singular circumstances.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELeoniLoryGruber201626–31_35-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELeoniLoryGruber201626–31-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The power of text held significant weight in the "<a href="/wiki/%27Ilm_al-Huruf" class="mw-redirect" title="'Ilm al-Huruf">science of letters</a>" <i>(‘ilm al-huruf</i>), the foundational principle being "God created the world through His speech."<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELeoniLoryGruber201631_36-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELeoniLoryGruber201631-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The science began with the concept of language, specifically <a href="/wiki/Arabic" title="Arabic">Arabic</a>, as the expression of "the essence of what it signifies."<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELeoniLoryGruber201631_36-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELeoniLoryGruber201631-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Once the believer understood this, while remaining obedient to God’s will, they could uncover the essence and divine truth of the objects inscribed with Arabic like <a href="/wiki/Amulet" title="Amulet">amulets</a> and <a href="/wiki/Talisman" title="Talisman">talismans</a> through the study of the letters of the Qur’an with alphanumeric computations.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELeoniLoryGruber201631_36-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELeoniLoryGruber201631-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In Islamic practice in <a href="/wiki/Senegal" title="Senegal">Senegal</a> and <a href="/wiki/The_Gambia" title="The Gambia">Gambia</a>, just like many other <a href="/wiki/West_Africa" title="West Africa">West African</a> countries, diviners and religious leaders and <a href="/wiki/Alternative_medicine" title="Alternative medicine">healers</a> were interchangeable because Islam was closely related with esoteric practices (like divination), which were responsible for the regional spread of Islam. As scholars learned esoteric sciences, they joined local non-Islamic aristocratic courts, who quickly aligned divination and amulets with the "proof of the power of Islamic religion."<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGraw201219–20_37-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGraw201219–20-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> So strong was the idea of esoteric knowledge in West African Islam, diviners and <a href="/wiki/Magic_(supernatural)" title="Magic (supernatural)">magicians</a> uneducated in Islamic texts and Arabic bore the same titles as those who did.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGraw201219_38-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGraw201219-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>From the beginning of Islam, there "was (and is) still a vigorous debate about whether or not such [divinatory] practices were actually permissible under Islam,” with some scholars like <a href="/wiki/Al-Ghazali" title="Al-Ghazali">Abu-Hamid al Ghazili</a> (d. 1111) objecting to the science of divination because he believed it bore too much similarity to <a href="/wiki/Paganism" title="Paganism">pagan</a> practices of invoking spiritual entities that were not God.<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELeoniLoryGruber201613_28-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELeoniLoryGruber201613-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Other scholars justified esoteric sciences by comparing a practitioner to "a physician trying to heal the sick with the help of the same natural principles."<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELeoniLoryGruber201617_40-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELeoniLoryGruber201617-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Mesoamerica">Mesoamerica</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Divination&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Mesoamerica"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Mesoamerican_religion" title="Mesoamerican religion">Mesoamerican religion</a></div> <p>Divination was a central component of ancient <a href="/wiki/Mesoamerican" class="mw-redirect" title="Mesoamerican">Mesoamerican</a> religious life. Many <a href="/wiki/Aztec_religion" title="Aztec religion">Aztec gods</a>, including central <a href="/wiki/Creator_deity" title="Creator deity">creator gods</a>, were described as diviners and were closely associated with <a href="/wiki/Magic_(paranormal)" class="mw-redirect" title="Magic (paranormal)">sorcery</a>. <a href="/wiki/Tezcatlipoca" title="Tezcatlipoca">Tezcatlipoca</a> is the patron of sorcerers and practitioners of <a href="/wiki/Magic_(paranormal)" class="mw-redirect" title="Magic (paranormal)">magic</a>. His name means "smoking mirror," a reference to a device used for divinatory <a href="/wiki/Scrying" title="Scrying">scrying</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMiller2007[[Category:Wikipedia_articles_needing_page_number_citations_from_November_2021]]<sup_class="noprint_Inline-Template_"_style="white-space:nowrap;">&#91;<i>[[Wikipedia:Citing_sources|<span_title="This_citation_requires_a_reference_to_the_specific_page_or_range_of_pages_in_which_the_material_appears.&#32;(November_2021)">page&nbsp;needed</span>]]</i>&#93;</sup>_41-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMiller2007[[Category:Wikipedia_articles_needing_page_number_citations_from_November_2021]]<sup_class="noprint_Inline-Template_"_style="white-space:nowrap;">&#91;<i>[[Wikipedia:Citing_sources|<span_title="This_citation_requires_a_reference_to_the_specific_page_or_range_of_pages_in_which_the_material_appears.&#32;(November_2021)">page&nbsp;needed</span>]]</i>&#93;</sup>-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the <a href="/wiki/Maya_mythology" title="Maya mythology">Mayan</a> <i><a href="/wiki/Popol_Vuh" title="Popol Vuh">Popol Vuh</a></i>, the creator gods <a href="/wiki/Xmucane_and_Xpiacoc" title="Xmucane and Xpiacoc">Xmucane and Xpiacoc</a> perform divinatory hand casting during the creation of people.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMiller2007[[Category:Wikipedia_articles_needing_page_number_citations_from_November_2021]]<sup_class="noprint_Inline-Template_"_style="white-space:nowrap;">&#91;<i>[[Wikipedia:Citing_sources|<span_title="This_citation_requires_a_reference_to_the_specific_page_or_range_of_pages_in_which_the_material_appears.&#32;(November_2021)">page&nbsp;needed</span>]]</i>&#93;</sup>_41-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMiller2007[[Category:Wikipedia_articles_needing_page_number_citations_from_November_2021]]<sup_class="noprint_Inline-Template_"_style="white-space:nowrap;">&#91;<i>[[Wikipedia:Citing_sources|<span_title="This_citation_requires_a_reference_to_the_specific_page_or_range_of_pages_in_which_the_material_appears.&#32;(November_2021)">page&nbsp;needed</span>]]</i>&#93;</sup>-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Aztec <i><a href="/wiki/Codex_Borbonicus" title="Codex Borbonicus">Codex Borbonicus</a></i> shows the original human couple, <a href="/wiki/Oxomoco" title="Oxomoco">Oxomoco</a> and <a href="/wiki/Cipactonal" title="Cipactonal">Cipactonal</a>, engaged in divining with kernels of maize. This primordial pair is associated with the ritual calendar, and the Aztecs considered them to be the first diviners.<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Every civilization that developed in <a href="/wiki/Pre-Columbian_Mexico" title="Pre-Columbian Mexico">pre-Columbian Mexico</a>, from the <a href="/wiki/Olmecs" title="Olmecs">Olmecs</a> to the <a href="/wiki/Aztecs" title="Aztecs">Aztecs</a>, practiced divination in daily life, both public and private. Scrying through the use of reflective water surfaces, <a href="/wiki/Mirrors_in_Mesoamerican_culture" title="Mirrors in Mesoamerican culture">mirrors</a>, or the <a href="/wiki/Cleromancy" title="Cleromancy">casting of lots</a> were among the most widespread forms of divinatory practice. <a href="/wiki/Vision_(spirituality)" title="Vision (spirituality)">Visions</a> derived from <a href="/wiki/Hallucinogens" class="mw-redirect" title="Hallucinogens">hallucinogens</a> were another important form of divination, and are still widely used among contemporary diviners of Mexico. Among the more common <a href="/wiki/Hallucinogenic_plants" class="mw-redirect" title="Hallucinogenic plants">hallucinogenic plants</a> used in divination are <a href="/wiki/Morning_glory" title="Morning glory">morning glory</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jimson_weed" class="mw-redirect" title="Jimson weed">jimson weed</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Peyote" title="Peyote">peyote</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMiller2007[[Category:Wikipedia_articles_needing_page_number_citations_from_November_2021]]<sup_class="noprint_Inline-Template_"_style="white-space:nowrap;">&#91;<i>[[Wikipedia:Citing_sources|<span_title="This_citation_requires_a_reference_to_the_specific_page_or_range_of_pages_in_which_the_material_appears.&#32;(November_2021)">page&nbsp;needed</span>]]</i>&#93;</sup>_41-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMiller2007[[Category:Wikipedia_articles_needing_page_number_citations_from_November_2021]]<sup_class="noprint_Inline-Template_"_style="white-space:nowrap;">&#91;<i>[[Wikipedia:Citing_sources|<span_title="This_citation_requires_a_reference_to_the_specific_page_or_range_of_pages_in_which_the_material_appears.&#32;(November_2021)">page&nbsp;needed</span>]]</i>&#93;</sup>-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Contemporary_divination_in_Asia">Contemporary divination in Asia</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Divination&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Contemporary divination in Asia"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="India_and_Nepal">India and Nepal</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Divination&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: India and Nepal"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Theyyam" title="Theyyam">Theyyam</a> or "theiyam" in <a href="/wiki/Malayalam" title="Malayalam">Malayalam</a> is the process by which a devotee invites a <a href="/wiki/Hinduism" title="Hinduism">Hindu</a> god or goddess to use his or her body as a medium or channel and answer other devotees' questions.<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The same is called "arulvaakku" or "arulvaak" in <a href="/wiki/Tamil_language" title="Tamil language">Tamil</a>, another south Indian language - <a href="/wiki/Adhiparasakthi_Siddhar_Peetam" title="Adhiparasakthi Siddhar Peetam">Adhiparasakthi Siddhar Peetam</a> is famous for arulvakku in <a href="/wiki/Tamil_Nadu" title="Tamil Nadu">Tamil Nadu</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The people in and around <a href="/wiki/Mangalore" title="Mangalore">Mangalore</a> in <a href="/wiki/Karnataka" title="Karnataka">Karnataka</a> call the same, <a href="/wiki/Buta_Kola" title="Buta Kola">Buta Kola</a>, "paathri" or "darshin"; in other parts of Karnataka, it is known by various names such as, "prashnaavali", "vaagdaana", "asei", "aashirvachana", and so on.<sup id="cite_ref-:5_45-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:5-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:6_46-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:6-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:7_47-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:7-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:8_48-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:8-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:9_49-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:9-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In <a href="/wiki/Nepal" title="Nepal">Nepal</a> it is known as, "Devta ka dhaamee" or "<a href="/wiki/Jh%C4%81kri" title="Jhākri">jhaakri</a>".<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In English, the closest translation for these is, "<a href="/wiki/Oracle" title="Oracle">oracle</a>." The <a href="/wiki/Dalai_Lama" title="Dalai Lama">Dalai Lama</a>, who lives in exile in northern India, still consults an oracle known as the <i><a href="/wiki/Nechung_Oracle" title="Nechung Oracle">Nechung Oracle</a></i>, which is considered the official state oracle of the government of <a href="/wiki/Tibet" title="Tibet">Tibet</a>. The Dalai Lama has according to centuries-old custom, consulted the Nechung Oracle during the new year festivities of <a href="/wiki/Losar" title="Losar">Losar</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Japan">Japan</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Divination&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Japan"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Although Japan retains a history of traditional and local <a href="/wiki/Methods_of_divination" title="Methods of divination">methods of divination</a>, such as <i><a href="/wiki/Onmy%C5%8Dd%C5%8D" title="Onmyōdō">onmyōdō</a></i>, contemporary divination in Japan, called <i>uranai</i>, derives from outside sources.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMiller2014_52-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMiller2014-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Contemporary methods of divination in Japan include both Western and Chinese <a href="/wiki/Astrology" title="Astrology">astrology</a>, <a href="/wiki/Geomancy" title="Geomancy">geomancy</a> or <a href="/wiki/Feng_shui" title="Feng shui">feng shui</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tarot" title="Tarot">tarot cards</a>, <a href="/wiki/I_Ching" title="I Ching">I Ching</a> (Book of Changes) <a href="/wiki/I_Ching_divination" title="I Ching divination">divination</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Physiognomy" title="Physiognomy">physiognomy</a> (methods of reading the body to identify traits).<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMiller2014_52-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMiller2014-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In <a href="/wiki/Japan" title="Japan">Japan</a>, divination methods include <a href="/wiki/Futomani" title="Futomani">Futomani</a> from the <a href="/wiki/Shinto" title="Shinto">Shinto</a> tradition.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (November 2019)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Personality_types">Personality types</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Divination&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Personality types"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Personality typing as a form of divination has been prevalent in Japan since the 1980s. Various methods exist for divining personality type. Each attempt to reveal glimpses of an individual's destiny, productive and inhibiting traits, future parenting techniques, and compatibility in marriage. Personality type is increasingly important for young Japanese, who consider personality the driving factor of compatibility, given the ongoing marriage drought and <a href="/wiki/Birthrate_decline" class="mw-redirect" title="Birthrate decline">birth rate decline</a> in Japan.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMiller1997_53-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMiller1997-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>An import to Japan, <a href="/wiki/Chinese_zodiac" title="Chinese zodiac">Chinese zodiac</a> signs based on the birth year in 12 year cycles (rat, ox, tiger, hare, dragon, snake, horse, sheep, monkey, cock, dog, and boar) are frequently combined with other forms of divination, such as so-called 'celestial types' based on the planets (Saturn, Venus, Mars, Jupiter, Mercury, or Uranus). Personality can also be divined using cardinal directions, the <a href="/wiki/Classical_element" title="Classical element">four elements</a> (water, earth, fire, air), and <a href="/wiki/Yin_and_yang" title="Yin and yang">yin-yang</a>. Names can also lend important personality information under name classification which asserts that names bearing certain Japanese vowel sounds (a, i, u, e, o) share common characteristics. <a href="/wiki/Numerology" title="Numerology">Numerology</a>, which utilizes methods of divining 'birth numbers' from significant numbers such as birth date, may also reveal character traits of individuals.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMiller1997_53-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMiller1997-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Individuals can also assess their own and others' personalities according to physical characteristics. <a href="/wiki/Blood_type" title="Blood type">Blood type</a> remains a popular form of divination from physiology. Stemming from Western influences, body reading or <i>ninsou</i>, determines personality traits based on body measurements. The face is the most commonly analyzed feature, with eye size, pupil shape, mouth shape, and eyebrow shape representing the most important traits. An upturned mouth may be cheerful, and a triangle eyebrow may indicate that someone is strong-willed.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMiller1997_53-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMiller1997-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Methods of assessment in daily life may include self-taken measurements or quizzes. As such, magazines targeted at women in their early-to-mid twenties feature the highest concentration of personality assessment guides. There are approximately 144 different women's magazines, known as <i>nihon zashi koukoku kyoukai</i>, published in Japan aimed at this audience.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMiller1997_53-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMiller1997-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Japanese_tarot">Japanese tarot</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Divination&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Japanese tarot"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The adaptation of the Western divination method of tarot cards into Japanese culture presents a particularly unique example of contemporary divination as this adaptation mingles with Japan's robust visual culture. Japanese tarot cards are created by professional artists, advertisers, and fans of tarot. One tarot card collector claimed to have accumulated more than 1,500 Japan-made decks of tarot cards. </p><p>Japanese tarot cards fall into diverse categories such as: </p> <ul><li>Inspiration Tarot (<span title="Japanese-language romanization"><i lang="ja-Latn">reikan tarotto</i></span>);</li> <li>I-Ching Tarot (<span title="Japanese-language romanization"><i lang="ja-Latn">ekisen tarotto</i></span>);</li> <li>Spiritual Tarot (<span title="Japanese-language romanization"><i lang="ja-Latn">supirichuaru tarotto</i></span>);</li> <li>Western Tarot (<span title="Japanese-language romanization"><i lang="ja-Latn">seiyō tarotto</i></span>); and</li> <li>Eastern Tarot (<span title="Japanese-language romanization"><i lang="ja-Latn">tōyō tarotto</i></span>).</li></ul> <p>The images on tarot cards may come from images from Japanese popular culture, such as characters from <a href="/wiki/Manga" title="Manga">manga</a> and <a href="/wiki/Anime" title="Anime">anime</a> including <a href="/wiki/Hello_Kitty" title="Hello Kitty">Hello Kitty</a>, or may feature cultural symbols. Tarot cards may adapt the images of Japanese historical figures, such as high priestess <a href="/wiki/Himiko" title="Himiko">Himiko</a> (170–248CE) or imperial court wizard <a href="/wiki/Abe_no_Seimei" title="Abe no Seimei">Abe no Seimei</a> (921–1005CE). Still others may feature images of cultural displacement, such as English knights, <a href="/wiki/Pentagram" title="Pentagram">pentagrams</a>, the Jewish <a href="/wiki/Torah" title="Torah">Torah</a>, or invented <a href="/wiki/Glyph" title="Glyph">glyphs</a>. The introduction of such cards began by the 1930s and reached prominence 1970s. Japanese tarot cards were originally created by men, often based on the <a href="/wiki/Rider%E2%80%93Waite_Tarot" title="Rider–Waite Tarot">Rider-Waite-Smith tarot</a> published by the Rider Company in London in 1909.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMiller2017_54-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMiller2017-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Since, the practice of Japanese tarot has become overwhelmingly feminine and intertwined with <a href="/wiki/Kawaii" title="Kawaii">kawaii</a> culture. Referring to the cuteness of tarot cards, Japanese model Kuromiya Niina was quoted as saying "because the images are cute, even holding them is enjoyable."<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMiller2011_55-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMiller2011-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> While these differences exist, Japanese tarot cards function similarly to their Western counterparts. Cards are shuffled and cut into piles then used to forecast the future, for spiritual reflection, or as a tool for self-understanding.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMiller2017_54-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMiller2017-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Taiwan">Taiwan</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Divination&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Taiwan"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A common act of divination in Taiwan is called the <a href="/wiki/Poe_divination" title="Poe divination">Poe</a>. “The Poe” translated to English means “moon boards”. It consists of two wood or bamboo blocks cut into the shape of a crescent moon. The one edge is rounded while the other is flat; the two are mirror images. Both crescents are held out in one's palms and while kneeling, they are raised to the forehead level. Once in this position, the blocks are dropped and the future can be understood depending on their landing. If both fall flat side up or both fall rounded side up, that can be taken as a failure of the deity to agree. If the blocks land one rounded and one flat, the deity indicates "Yes", or positive. “Laughing poe” is when rounded sides land down and they rock before coming to a standstill. “Negative poe” is when the flat sides fall downward and abruptly stop; this indicates "No". When there is a positive fall, it is called “Sacred poe”, although the negative falls are not usually taken seriously. As the blocks are being dropped the question is said in a murmur, and if the answer is yes, the blocks are dropped again. To make sure the answer is definitely a yes, the blocks must fall in a “yes” position three times in a row.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (November 2019)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>A more serious type of divination is the Kiō-á. There is a small wooden chair, and around the sides of the chair are small pieces of wood that can move up and down in their sockets, this causes a clicking sounds when the chair is moved in any way. Two men hold this chair by its legs before an altar, while the incense is being burned, and the <a href="/wiki/Shen_(Chinese_religion)" title="Shen (Chinese religion)">deity</a> is invited to descend onto the chair. It is seen that it is in the chair by an onset of motion. Eventually, the chair crashes onto a table prepared with wood chips and burlap. The characters on the table are then traced and these are said to be written by the deity who possessed the chair, these characters are then interpreted for the devotees.<sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Contemporary_divination_in_Africa">Contemporary divination in Africa</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Divination&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Contemporary divination in Africa"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/African_divination" title="African divination">African divination</a></div> <p><a href="/wiki/African_divination" title="African divination">Divination</a> is widespread throughout Africa. Among many examples it is one of the central tenets of <a href="/wiki/Serer_religion" title="Serer religion">Serer religion</a> in Senegal. Only those who have been initiated as <a href="/wiki/Saltigue" title="Saltigue">Saltigues</a> (the <a href="/wiki/Serer_people" title="Serer people">Serer</a> high priests and priestesses) can divine the future.<sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Kalis_58-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kalis-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> These are the "hereditary rain priests"<sup id="cite_ref-Galvan_59-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Galvan-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> whose role is both religious and medicinal.<sup id="cite_ref-Kalis_58-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kalis-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Galvan_59-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Galvan-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Divination&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 26em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Astrology" title="Astrology">Astrology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_fortune_telling" title="Chinese fortune telling">Chinese fortune telling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fortune_telling" class="mw-redirect" title="Fortune telling">Fortune telling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geomancy" title="Geomancy">Geomancy</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Jiaobei" title="Jiaobei">Jiaobei</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Kau_chim" title="Kau chim">Kau chim</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_occult_terms" title="List of occult terms">List of occult terms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Methods_of_divination" title="Methods of divination">Methods of divination</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oneiromancy" title="Oneiromancy">Oneiromancy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prophecy" title="Prophecy">Prophecy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qimen_Dunjia" title="Qimen Dunjia">Qimen Dunjia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sandobele" title="Sandobele">Sandobele</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Shaobing_Song" title="Shaobing Song">Shaobing Song</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tengenjutsu_(fortune_telling)" title="Tengenjutsu (fortune telling)"><i>Tengenjutsu</i> (fortune telling)</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Tui_bei_tu" title="Tui bei tu">Tui bei tu</a></i></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Divination&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Citations">Citations</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Divination&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Citations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://era.anthropology.ac.uk/Divination">"Anthropological Studies of Divination"</a>. <i>anthropology.ac.uk</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=anthropology.ac.uk&rft.atitle=Anthropological+Studies+of+Divination&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fera.anthropology.ac.uk%2FDivination&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADivination" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a 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"<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://blog.britishmuseum.org/seeing-stars-astrolabes-and-the-islamic-world/">Seeing Stars: Astrolabes and the Islamic World</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201020200415/https://blog.britishmuseum.org/seeing-stars-astrolabes-and-the-islamic-world/">Archived</a> 2020-10-20 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>." 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Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://english.mathrubhumi.com/videos/news/news-in-videos/devakoothu-the-lone-woman-theyyam-in-north-malabar-1.3468731">the original</a> on 2021-06-06<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2021-11-03</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Mathrubhumi&rft.atitle=%27Devakoothu%27%3B+the+lone+woman+Theyyam+in+North+Malabar&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fenglish.mathrubhumi.com%2Fvideos%2Fnews%2Fnews-in-videos%2Fdevakoothu-the-lone-woman-theyyam-in-north-malabar-1.3468731&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADivination" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-44">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNanette_R._Spina_(2017)2017" class="citation cs2">Nanette R. Spina (2017) (28 February 2017), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=YBs9DgAAQBAJ"><i>Women's Authority and Leadership in a Hindu Goddess Tradition</i></a>, Springer, p. 135, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-1375-8909-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-1375-8909-5"><bdi>978-1-1375-8909-5</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Women%27s+Authority+and+Leadership+in+a+Hindu+Goddess+Tradition&rft.pages=135&rft.pub=Springer&rft.date=2017-02-28&rft.isbn=978-1-1375-8909-5&rft.au=Nanette+R.+Spina+%282017%29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DYBs9DgAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADivination" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Citation" title="Template:Citation">citation</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_numeric_names:_authors_list" title="Category:CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:5-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-:5_45-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBrückner1987" class="citation journal cs1 cs1-prop-long-vol">Brückner, Heidrun (1987). "Bhuta Worship in Coastal Karnataka: An Oral Tulu Myth and Festival Ritual of Jumadi". <i>Studien zur Indologie und Iranistik</i>. 13/14: 17–37.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Studien+zur+Indologie+und+Iranistik&rft.atitle=Bhuta+Worship+in+Coastal+Karnataka%3A+An+Oral+Tulu+Myth+and+Festival+Ritual+of+Jumadi&rft.volume=13%2F14&rft.pages=17-37&rft.date=1987&rft.aulast=Br%C3%BCckner&rft.aufirst=Heidrun&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADivination" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:6-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-:6_46-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBrückner1992" class="citation journal cs1 cs1-prop-long-vol">Brückner, Heidrun (1992). "Dhumavati-Bhuta" An Oral Tulu-Text Collected in the 19th Century. Edition, Translation, and Analysis". <i>Studien zur Indologie und Iranistik</i>. 13/14: 13–63.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Studien+zur+Indologie+und+Iranistik&rft.atitle=Dhumavati-Bhuta%22+An+Oral+Tulu-Text+Collected+in+the+19th+Century.+Edition%2C+Translation%2C+and+Analysis.&rft.volume=13%2F14&rft.pages=13-63&rft.date=1992&rft.aulast=Br%C3%BCckner&rft.aufirst=Heidrun&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADivination" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:7-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-:7_47-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBrückner1995" class="citation book cs1">Brückner, Heidrun (1995). <i>Fürstliche Fest: Text und Rituale der Tuḷu-Volksreligion an der Westküste Südindiens</i>. Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz. pp. 199–201.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=F%C3%BCrstliche+Fest%3A+Text+und+Rituale+der+Tu%E1%B8%B7u-Volksreligion+an+der+Westk%C3%BCste+S%C3%BCdindiens.&rft.place=Wiesbaden&rft.pages=199-201&rft.pub=Harrassowitz&rft.date=1995&rft.aulast=Br%C3%BCckner&rft.aufirst=Heidrun&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADivination" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:8-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-:8_48-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBrückner2009a" class="citation book cs1">Brückner, Heidrun (2009a). <i>On an Auspicious Day, at Dawn … Studies in Tulu Culture and Oral Literature</i>. Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=On+an+Auspicious+Day%2C+at+Dawn+%E2%80%A6+Studies+in+Tulu+Culture+and+Oral+Literature&rft.place=Wiesbaden&rft.pub=Harrassowitz&rft.date=2009&rft.aulast=Br%C3%BCckner&rft.aufirst=Heidrun&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADivination" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:9-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-:9_49-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBrückner2009b" class="citation book cs1">Brückner, Heidrun (2009b). <i>"Der Gesang von der Büffelgottheit" in Wenn Masken Tanzen – Rituelles Theater und Bronzekunst aus Südindien edited by Johannes Beltz</i>. Zürich: Rietberg Museum. pp. 57–64.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=%22Der+Gesang+von+der+B%C3%BCffelgottheit%22+in+Wenn+Masken+Tanzen+%E2%80%93+Rituelles+Theater+und+Bronzekunst+aus+S%C3%BCdindien+edited+by+Johannes+Beltz&rft.place=Z%C3%BCrich&rft.pages=57-64&rft.pub=Rietberg+Museum&rft.date=2009&rft.aulast=Br%C3%BCckner&rft.aufirst=Heidrun&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADivination" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-50">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGulia2005" class="citation book cs1">Gulia, Kuldip Singh (2005). <i>Human Ecology of Sikkim – A Case Study of Upper Rangit Basin</i>. 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Lancaster Place, London, UK: Abacus Books (A Division of Little, Brown and Company UK). <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-349-11111-1" title="Special:BookSources/0-349-11111-1">0-349-11111-1</a>. p.233</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMiller2014-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMiller2014_52-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMiller2014_52-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMiller2014">Miller (2014)</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMiller1997-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMiller1997_53-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMiller1997_53-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMiller1997_53-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMiller1997_53-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMiller1997">Miller (1997)</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMiller2017-54"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMiller2017_54-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMiller2017_54-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMiller2017">Miller (2017)</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMiller2011-55"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMiller2011_55-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMiller2011">Miller (2011)</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-56"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-56">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Rohsenow, Hill Gates, and David K. Jordan. “Gods, Ghosts, and Ancestors: The Folk Religion of a Taiwanese Village.” The Journal of Asian Studies, vol. 33, no. 3, 1974, p. 478., doi:10.2307/2052956.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-57"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-57">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Alioune_Sarr" title="Alioune Sarr">Sarr, Alioune</a>, « Histoire du Sine-Saloum » (introduction, bibliographie et notes par Charles Becker), in Bulletin de l'IFAN, tome 46, série B, nos 3-4, 1986-1987 pp 31-38</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Kalis-58"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Kalis_58-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Kalis_58-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Kalis, Simone, "Medecine Traditionnele Religion et Divination Chez Les <a href="/wiki/Serer_people" title="Serer people">Seereer</a> <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Sine" title="Kingdom of Sine">Siin</a> du <a href="/wiki/Senegal" title="Senegal">Senegal</a>", L'Harmattan (1997), pp 11-297 <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/2-7384-5196-9" title="Special:BookSources/2-7384-5196-9">2-7384-5196-9</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Galvan-59"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Galvan_59-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Galvan_59-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Galvan, Dennis Charles, "The State Must be our Master of Fire : How Peasants Craft Culturally Sustainable Development in Senegal", Berkeley, University of California Press, (2004), pp 86-135, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-520-23591-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-520-23591-5">978-0-520-23591-5</a>.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Works_cited">Works cited</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Divination&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Works cited"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGraw2012" class="citation book cs1">Graw, Knut (2012). "Divination and Islam: Existential Perspectives in the Study of Ritual and Religious Praxis in Senegal and Gambia". In Schielke, Samuli; Debevec, Liza (eds.). <i>Ordinary Lives and Grand Schemes an Anthropology of Everyday Religion</i>. EASA Series. Vol. 18. New York: Berghahn Books.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Divination+and+Islam%3A+Existential+Perspectives+in+the+Study+of+Ritual+and+Religious+Praxis+in+Senegal+and+Gambia&rft.btitle=Ordinary+Lives+and+Grand+Schemes+an+Anthropology+of+Everyday+Religion&rft.place=New+York&rft.series=EASA+Series&rft.pub=Berghahn+Books&rft.date=2012&rft.aulast=Graw&rft.aufirst=Knut&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADivination" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGreenbaum2015" class="citation book cs1">Greenbaum, Dorian G. (2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=BnLsCgAAQBAJ"><i>The Daimon in Hellenistic Astrology: Origins and Influence</i></a>. Ancient Magic and Divination. Vol. 11. <a href="/wiki/Leiden" title="Leiden">Leiden</a>: <a href="/wiki/Brill_Publishers" title="Brill Publishers">Brill Publishers</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1163%2F9789004306219">10.1163/9789004306219</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-90-04-30621-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-90-04-30621-9"><bdi>978-90-04-30621-9</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1566-7952">1566-7952</a>. <a href="/wiki/LCCN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="LCCN (identifier)">LCCN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lccn.loc.gov/2015028673">2015028673</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Daimon+in+Hellenistic+Astrology%3A+Origins+and+Influence&rft.place=Leiden&rft.series=Ancient+Magic+and+Divination&rft.pub=Brill+Publishers&rft.date=2015&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1163%2F9789004306219&rft.issn=1566-7952&rft_id=info%3Alccn%2F2015028673&rft.isbn=978-90-04-30621-9&rft.aulast=Greenbaum&rft.aufirst=Dorian+G.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DBnLsCgAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADivination" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLeoniLoryGruber2016" class="citation book cs1">Leoni, Francesca; Lory, Pierre; Gruber, Christiane (2016). <i>Power and Protection: Islamic Art and the Supernatural</i>. <a href="/wiki/Ashmolean_Museum" title="Ashmolean Museum">Ashmolean Museum</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1910807095" title="Special:BookSources/978-1910807095"><bdi>978-1910807095</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Power+and+Protection%3A+Islamic+Art+and+the+Supernatural&rft.pub=Ashmolean+Museum&rft.date=2016&rft.isbn=978-1910807095&rft.aulast=Leoni&rft.aufirst=Francesca&rft.au=Lory%2C+Pierre&rft.au=Gruber%2C+Christiane&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADivination" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMiller1997" class="citation journal cs1"><a href="/wiki/Laura_Miller_(anthropologist)" title="Laura Miller (anthropologist)">Miller, Laura</a> (1997). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.academia.edu/28155359">"People Types: Personality Classification in Japanese Women's Magazines"</a>. <i>The Journal of Popular Culture</i>. <b>31</b> (2): 143–159. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1111%2Fj.0022-3840.1997.00143.x">10.1111/j.0022-3840.1997.00143.x</a> – via Academia.edu.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Journal+of+Popular+Culture&rft.atitle=People+Types%3A+Personality+Classification+in+Japanese+Women%27s+Magazines&rft.volume=31&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=143-159&rft.date=1997&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1111%2Fj.0022-3840.1997.00143.x&rft.aulast=Miller&rft.aufirst=Laura&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.academia.edu%2F28155359&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADivination" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMiller2011" class="citation journal cs1">Miller, Laura (May 2011). "Tantalizing Tarot and Cute Cartomancy in Japan". <i>Japanese Studies</i>. <b>31</b> (1): 73–91. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1080%2F10371397.2011.560659">10.1080/10371397.2011.560659</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:144749662">144749662</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Japanese+Studies&rft.atitle=Tantalizing+Tarot+and+Cute+Cartomancy+in+Japan&rft.volume=31&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=73-91&rft.date=2011-05&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1080%2F10371397.2011.560659&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A144749662%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.aulast=Miller&rft.aufirst=Laura&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADivination" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMiller2014" class="citation book cs1">Miller, Laura (2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.academia.edu/25806189">"The divination arts in girl culture"</a>. In Kawano, Satsuki; Roberts, Glenda S.; Long, Susan Orpett (eds.). <i>Capturing Contemporary Japan: Differentiation and Uncertainty</i>. Honolulu: University of Hawai'i Press. pp. 334–358 – via Academia.edu.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=The+divination+arts+in+girl+culture&rft.btitle=Capturing+Contemporary+Japan%3A+Differentiation+and+Uncertainty&rft.place=Honolulu&rft.pages=334-358&rft.pub=University+of+Hawai%27i+Press&rft.date=2014&rft.aulast=Miller&rft.aufirst=Laura&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.academia.edu%2F25806189&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADivination" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMiller2017" class="citation journal cs1">Miller, Laura (2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.16995%2Fane.244">"Japanese Tarot Cards"</a>. <i>ASIANetwork Exchange</i>. <b>24</b> (1): 1–28. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.16995%2Fane.244">10.16995/ane.244</a></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=ASIANetwork+Exchange&rft.atitle=Japanese+Tarot+Cards&rft.volume=24&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=1-28&rft.date=2017&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.16995%2Fane.244&rft.aulast=Miller&rft.aufirst=Laura&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.16995%252Fane.244&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADivination" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMiller2007" class="citation book cs1">Miller, Mary (2007). <i>Gods and Symbols of Ancient Mexico</i>. London: Thames & Hudson.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Gods+and+Symbols+of+Ancient+Mexico&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Thames+%26+Hudson&rft.date=2007&rft.aulast=Miller&rft.aufirst=Mary&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADivination" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSilva2016" class="citation journal cs1">Silva, Sonia (2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hcommons.org/deposits/download/hc:19124/CONTENT/object-and-objectivity-in-divination.pdf/">"Object and Objectivity in Divination"</a>. <i>Material Religion</i>. <b>12</b> (4): 507–509. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1080%2F17432200.2016.1227638">10.1080/17432200.2016.1227638</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1743-2200">1743-2200</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:73665747">73665747</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Material+Religion&rft.atitle=Object+and+Objectivity+in+Divination&rft.volume=12&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=507-509&rft.date=2016&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A73665747%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.issn=1743-2200&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1080%2F17432200.2016.1227638&rft.aulast=Silva&rft.aufirst=Sonia&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fhcommons.org%2Fdeposits%2Fdownload%2Fhc%3A19124%2FCONTENT%2Fobject-and-objectivity-in-divination.pdf%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADivination" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMorgan2016" class="citation journal cs1">Morgan, David (2016-10-27). "Divination, Material Culture, and Chance". <i>Material Religion</i>. <b>12</b> (4): 502–504. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1080%2F17432200.2016.1227637">10.1080/17432200.2016.1227637</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1743-2200">1743-2200</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Material+Religion&rft.atitle=Divination%2C+Material+Culture%2C+and+Chance&rft.volume=12&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=502-504&rft.date=2016-10-27&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1080%2F17432200.2016.1227637&rft.issn=1743-2200&rft.aulast=Morgan&rft.aufirst=David&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADivination" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Divination&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Beerden, K. 2013. <i>Worlds full of signs: ancient Greek divination in context</i>. Leiden: <a href="/wiki/Brill_Publishers" title="Brill Publishers">Brill</a>.</li> <li>Engels, D. 2007. <i>Das römische Vorzeichenwesen (753-27 v.Chr.). Quellen, Terminologie, Kommentar, historische Entwicklung.</i> Stuttgart: <a href="/wiki/Franz_Steiner_Verlag" title="Franz Steiner Verlag">Franz Steiner Verlag</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/E._E._Evans-Pritchard" title="E. E. Evans-Pritchard">Evans-Pritchard, E. E.</a> 1976. <i>Witchcraft, oracles, and magic among the Azande</i>.</li> <li>Fahd, Toufic. 1966. <i>La divination arabe; études religieuses, sociologiques et folkloriques sur le milieu natif d’Islam</i>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philip_K._Hitti" title="Philip K. Hitti">Hitti, Philip K.</a> 1968. <i>Makers of Arab History</i>. Princeton, NJ. <a href="/wiki/St._Martin%27s_Press" title="St. Martin's Press">St. Martin's Press</a>. p. 61.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alisa_LaGamma" title="Alisa LaGamma">LaGamma, Alisa</a>. 2000. "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://libmma.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/compoundobject/collection/p15324coll10/id/42448/rec/1">Art and oracle: African art and rituals of divination</a>." New York: <a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_Museum_of_Art" title="Metropolitan Museum of Art">Metropolitan Museum of Art</a>. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780870999338" title="Special:BookSources/9780870999338">9780870999338</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Loewe" title="Michael Loewe">Loewe, Michael</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Carmen_Blacker" title="Carmen Blacker">Carmen Blacker</a>, eds. 1981. <i>Oracles and Divination</i>. <a href="/wiki/Shambhala_Publications" title="Shambhala Publications">Shambhala</a>/<a href="/wiki/Random_House" title="Random House">Random House</a>. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-87773-214-0" title="Special:BookSources/0-87773-214-0">0-87773-214-0</a>.</li> <li>Sahagún, Bernardino de. <i>General History of the Things of New Spain, Book 4, The Soothsayers and Book 5, The Omens</i>. Number 14, parts 5 and 6. Translated by Charles E. Dibble and Arthur J. O. Anderson. Santa Fe, N. M., 1979. This single volume of the Florentine Codex contains books 4 and 5, listing attributes of Aztec days signs and omens.</li> <li>Tedlock, Barbara. <i>Time and the Highland Maya</i>. Albuquerque, N.M., 1982. Detailed study of divination techniques using the ritual calendar among Quiché Maya in the Guatemalan Highlands.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/J._P._Vernant" class="mw-redirect" title="J. P. Vernant">Vernant, J. P.</a> 1974. <i>Divination et rationalité</i>. Paris: <a href="/wiki/%C3%89ditions_du_Seuil" title="Éditions du Seuil">Éditions du Seuil</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Montgomery_Watt" class="mw-redirect" title="William Montgomery Watt">Watt, W. Montgomery</a>. 1961. <i>Muhammad: Prophet and Statesman</i>. Edinburgh, UK. <a href="/wiki/Oxford_University_Press" title="Oxford University Press">Oxford University Press</a>. pp. 1–2.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Divination&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 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id="sister-projects">sister projects</span></a></div> <div class="side-box-flex mw-collapsible-content"> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><ul><li><span class="sister-logo"><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/06/Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg/27px-Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/06/Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg/41px-Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/06/Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg/54px-Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="391" data-file-height="391" /></span></span></span><span class="sister-link"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Special:Search/Divination" class="extiw" title="wikt:Special:Search/Divination">Definitions</a> from Wiktionary</span></li><li><span class="sister-logo"><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/20px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/40px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></span><span class="sister-link"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Divination" class="extiw" title="c:Category:Divination">Media</a> from Commons</span></li><li><span class="sister-logo"><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/23px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/35px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 1.5x, 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title="s:Special:Search/Divination">Texts</a> from Wikisource</span></li></ul></div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.168757"><i>Greek Divination: a study of its methods and principles</i></a>, William Reginald Halliday, Macmillan, 1913, 309pp - a complete scanned edition of a general treatment of Greek divination (at <a href="/wiki/Google_Books" title="Google Books">Google Books</a>)</li> <li>David Zeitlyn and others on African Divination systems: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://era.anthropology.ac.uk/Divination/">Africa Divination: Mambila and others</a></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHerbermann1913" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">Herbermann, Charles, ed. (1913). <span class="cs1-ws-icon" title="s:Catholic Encyclopedia (1913)/Divination"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Catholic_Encyclopedia_(1913)/Divination">"Divination" </a></span>. <i><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Encyclopedia" title="Catholic Encyclopedia">Catholic Encyclopedia</a></i>. New York: Robert Appleton Company.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Divination&rft.btitle=Catholic+Encyclopedia&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Robert+Appleton+Company&rft.date=1913&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADivination" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output 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.navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Methods_of_divination" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Divination" title="Template:Divination"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Divination" title="Template talk:Divination"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Divination" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Divination"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Methods_of_divination" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Methods_of_divination" title="Methods of divination">Methods of</a> <a class="mw-selflink selflink">divination</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Theriomancy</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ailuromancy" title="Ailuromancy">Ailuromancy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alectryomancy" title="Alectryomancy">Alectryomancy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Augury" title="Augury">Augury</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Myomancy" title="Myomancy">Myomancy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Myrmomancy" class="mw-redirect" title="Myrmomancy">Myrmomancy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ornithomancy" title="Ornithomancy">Ornithomancy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ngg%C3%A0m" title="Nggàm">Nggàm</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Bibliomancy" title="Bibliomancy">Bibliomancy</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sortes_biblicae" title="Sortes biblicae">Bible</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Falnama" title="Falnama">Falnama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sortes_Homericae" title="Sortes Homericae">Homer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rhapsodomancy" title="Rhapsodomancy">Rhapsodomancy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sortes_Vergilianae" title="Sortes Vergilianae">Virgil</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Scrying" title="Scrying">Scrying</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aspidomancy" title="Aspidomancy">Aspidomancy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catoptromancy" title="Catoptromancy">Catoptromancy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crystal_gazing" title="Crystal gazing">Crystal gazing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dowsing" title="Dowsing">Dowsing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oculomancy" title="Oculomancy">Oculomancy</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Elemental</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pyromancy" title="Pyromancy">Pyromancy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Botanomancy" title="Botanomancy">Botanomancy</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capnomancy" title="Capnomancy">Capnomancy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Libanomancy" title="Libanomancy">Libanomancy</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aeromancy" title="Aeromancy">Aeromancy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alomancy" title="Alomancy">Alomancy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hydromancy" title="Hydromancy">Hydromancy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lecanomancy" title="Lecanomancy">Lecanomancy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scyphomancy" title="Scyphomancy">Scyphomancy</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Cleromancy" title="Cleromancy">Cleromancy</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Acultomancy" title="Acultomancy">Acultomancy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aichmomancy" title="Aichmomancy">Aichmomancy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Astragalomancy" title="Astragalomancy">Astragalomancy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Axinomancy" title="Axinomancy">Axinomancy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belomancy" title="Belomancy">Belomancy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cartomancy" title="Cartomancy">Cartomancy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Parrot_astrology" title="Parrot astrology">Parrot astrology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tarot_card_reading" title="Tarot card reading">Tarot card reading</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cowrie-shell_divination" title="Cowrie-shell divination">Cowrie-shell divination</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Favomancy" title="Favomancy">Favomancy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kumalak" title="Kumalak">Kumalak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mengdu" title="Mengdu">Mengdu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Molybdomancy" title="Molybdomancy">Molybdomancy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Obi_divination" title="Obi divination">Obi divination</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Opele" title="Opele">Opele</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Opon_If%C3%A1" title="Opon Ifá">Opon Ifá</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rhabdomancy" title="Rhabdomancy">Rhabdomancy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Runic_magic" title="Runic magic">Runic magic</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Sikidy" title="Sikidy">Sikidy</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sortes_(ancient_Rome)" title="Sortes (ancient Rome)">Sortes</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Sortes_Sanctorum" title="Sortes Sanctorum">Sortes Sanctorum</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tasseography" title="Tasseography">Tasseography</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Necromancy" title="Necromancy">Necromancy</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ventriloquism#Origins" title="Ventriloquism">Gastromancy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mediumship" title="Mediumship">Mediumship</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/S%C3%A9ance" title="Séance">Séance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spirit_possession" title="Spirit possession">Spirit possession</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taghairm" title="Taghairm">Taghairm</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Somatomancy</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anthropomancy" title="Anthropomancy">Anthropomancy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cephalonomancy" title="Cephalonomancy">Cephalonomancy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haruspex" title="Haruspex">Haruspex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Omphalomancy" title="Omphalomancy">Omphalomancy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oracle_bone" title="Oracle bone">Oracle bone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palmistry" title="Palmistry">Palmistry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Podomancy" title="Podomancy">Podomancy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scapulimancy" title="Scapulimancy">Scapulimancy</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abacomancy" title="Abacomancy">Abacomancy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/African_divination" title="African divination">African</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/If%C3%A1" title="Ifá">Ifá</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ngg%C3%A0m" title="Nggàm">Nggàm</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Sikidy" title="Sikidy">Sikidy</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aleuromancy" title="Aleuromancy">Aleuromancy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alphitomancy" title="Alphitomancy">Alphitomancy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%85rsg%C3%A5ng" title="Årsgång">Årsgång</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amniomancy" title="Amniomancy">Amniomancy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apophenia" title="Apophenia">Apophenia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apparitional_experience" title="Apparitional experience">Apparition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Astrology" title="Astrology">Astrology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carromancy" title="Carromancy">Carromancy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cledonomancy" class="mw-redirect" title="Cledonomancy">Cledonomancy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fortune-telling" title="Fortune-telling">Fortune-telling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geomancy" title="Geomancy">Geomancy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/I_Ching_divination" title="I Ching divination"><i>I Ching</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mesopotamian_divination" title="Mesopotamian divination">Mesopotamian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Numerology" title="Numerology">Numerology</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gematria" title="Gematria">Gematria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isopsephy" title="Isopsephy">Isopsephy</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Omen" title="Omen">Omen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Onmyodo" class="mw-redirect" title="Onmyodo">Onmyodo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oracle" title="Oracle">Oracle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prophecy" title="Prophecy">Prophecy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Revelation" title="Revelation">Revelation</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Religious_ecstasy" title="Religious ecstasy">Ecstasy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vision_(spirituality)" title="Vision (spirituality)">Vision</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tyromancy" title="Tyromancy">Tyromancy</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Magic_and_witchcraft" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Witchcraft" title="Template:Witchcraft"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Witchcraft" title="Template talk:Witchcraft"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Witchcraft" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Witchcraft"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Magic_and_witchcraft" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Magic_(supernatural)" title="Magic (supernatural)">Magic</a> and <a href="/wiki/Witchcraft" title="Witchcraft">witchcraft</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Types</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Region</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Witchcraft_in_Africa" title="Witchcraft in Africa">Africa</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Azande_witchcraft" title="Azande witchcraft">Azande</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Witchcraft_in_Ghana" title="Witchcraft in Ghana">Ghana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Witch_smeller" title="Witch smeller">Witch smeller</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asian_witchcraft" title="Asian witchcraft">Asia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Witchcraft_in_the_Philippines" title="Witchcraft in the Philippines">Philippines</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_witchcraft" title="European witchcraft">Europe</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Witchcraft_in_Italy" title="Witchcraft in Italy">Italy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Akelarre" title="Akelarre">Akelarre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benandanti" title="Benandanti">Benandanti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cunning_folk" title="Cunning folk">Cunning folk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magic_in_the_Greco-Roman_world" title="Magic in the Greco-Roman world">Greece and Rome</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sei%C3%B0r" title="Seiðr">Seiðr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seeress_(Germanic)" title="Seeress (Germanic)">Völva</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Witch-cult_hypothesis" title="Witch-cult hypothesis">Witch-cult hypothesis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Witchcraft_in_Anglo-Saxon_England" title="Witchcraft in Anglo-Saxon England">Anglo-Saxon England</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Witchcraft_in_early_modern_Britain" title="Witchcraft in early modern Britain">Britain</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Witchcraft_in_Latin_America" title="Witchcraft in Latin America">Latin America</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Witchcraft_in_the_Middle_East" title="Witchcraft in the Middle East">Middle East</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Witchcraft#Oceania" title="Witchcraft">Oceania</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/M%C4%81kutu" title="Mākutu">Mākutu</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Form</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chaos_magic" title="Chaos magic">Chaos magic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sorcery_(goetia)" title="Sorcery (goetia)">Goetia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hoodoo_(spirituality)" title="Hoodoo (spirituality)">Hoodoo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Medieval_European_magic" title="Medieval European magic">Medieval</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neopagan_witchcraft" title="Neopagan witchcraft">Neopagan</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wicca" title="Wicca">Wicca</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Renaissance_magic" title="Renaissance magic">Renaissance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solitary_practitioner" title="Solitary practitioner">Solitary practitioner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Warlock" title="Warlock">Warlock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Witch_doctor" title="Witch doctor">Witch doctor</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Practices</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Animism" title="Animism">Animism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apotropaic_magic" title="Apotropaic magic">Apotropaic magic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_magic" title="Black magic">Black magic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ceremonial_magic" title="Ceremonial magic">Ceremonial magic</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Magical_formula" title="Magical formula">Magical formula</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coven" title="Coven">Coven</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Curse" title="Curse">Curse</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anathema" title="Anathema">Anathema</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Damnation" title="Damnation">Damnation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jinx" title="Jinx">Jinx</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demon" title="Demon">Demon</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Divination</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Entheogen" title="Entheogen">Entheogen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evocation" title="Evocation">Evocation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Familiar" title="Familiar">Familiar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gray_magic" title="Gray magic">Gray magic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Incantation" title="Incantation">Incantation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jinn" title="Jinn">Jinn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Love_magic" title="Love magic">Love magic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mediumship" title="Mediumship">Mediumship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moon_magic" title="Moon magic">Moon magic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Necromancy" title="Necromancy">Necromancy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Occult" title="Occult">Occultism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shamanism" title="Shamanism">Shamanism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Black_shamanism" title="Black shamanism">Black</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Regional_forms_of_shamanism" title="Regional forms of shamanism">Regional</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yellow_shamanism" title="Yellow shamanism">Yellow</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sex_magic" title="Sex magic">Sex magic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sigil" title="Sigil">Sigils</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kardecist_spiritism" title="Kardecist spiritism">Spiritism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spiritualism_(movement)" title="Spiritualism (movement)">Spiritualism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sympathetic_magic" title="Sympathetic magic">Sympathetic magic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Witches%27_Sabbath" title="Witches' Sabbath">Witches' Sabbath</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_magic" title="White magic">White magic</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Objects</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Amulet" title="Amulet">Amulet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Athame" title="Athame">Athame</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Broom" title="Broom">Broom</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Besom" title="Besom">besom</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Censer" title="Censer">Censer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cloak_of_invisibility" title="Cloak of invisibility">Cloak of invisibility</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crystal_ball" title="Crystal ball">Crystal ball</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flying_ointment" title="Flying ointment">Flying ointment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Goofer_dust" title="Goofer dust">Goofer dust</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grimoire" title="Grimoire">Grimoire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Incense" title="Incense">Incense</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Julleuchter" title="Julleuchter">Julleuchter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kitchen_witch" title="Kitchen witch">Kitchen witch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Love_magic" title="Love magic">Love charm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magic_carpet" title="Magic carpet">Magic carpet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magic_circle" title="Magic circle">Magic circle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magic_ring" title="Magic ring">Magic ring</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_magical_weapons" title="List of magical weapons">Magical weapons</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Magic_sword" title="Magic sword">Magic sword</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mojo_(African-American_culture)" title="Mojo (African-American culture)">Mojo bag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nkisi" title="Nkisi">Nkisi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nkondi" title="Nkondi">Nkondi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poppet" title="Poppet">Poppet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Potion" title="Potion">Potions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sator_Square" title="Sator Square">Sator Square</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Talisman" title="Talisman">Talisman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wand" title="Wand">Wand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Witch_ball" title="Witch ball">Witch ball</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Witch%27s_ladder" title="Witch's ladder">Witch's ladder</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Folklore and<br />mythology</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Agamede" title="Agamede">Agamede</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aradia" title="Aradia">Aradia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baba_Yaga" title="Baba Yaga">Baba Yaga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Circe" title="Circe">Circe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dayan_(witch)" title="Dayan (witch)">Dayan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drude" title="Drude">Drude</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elbow_witch" title="Elbow witch">Elbow witch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hecate" title="Hecate">Hecate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huld" title="Huld">Huld</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kalku" title="Kalku">Kalku</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Medea" title="Medea">Medea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Morgan_le_Fay" title="Morgan le Fay">Morgan le Fay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muma_P%C4%83durii" title="Muma Pădurii">Muma Pădurii</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nine_sorceresses" title="Nine sorceresses">Nine sorceresses</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Obayifo" title="Obayifo">Obayifo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pasipha%C3%AB" title="Pasiphaë">Pasiphaë</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sebile" title="Sebile">Sebile</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sorginak" title="Sorginak">Sorginak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spearfinger" title="Spearfinger">Spearfinger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Three_Witches" title="Three Witches">Three Witches</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Witches_of_Benevento" title="Witches of Benevento">Witches of Benevento</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Witch_of_Endor" title="Witch of Endor">Witch of Endor</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Major<br />historic treatises</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Witchcraft_and_divination_in_the_Hebrew_Bible" title="Witchcraft and divination in the Hebrew Bible">Witchcraft and divination in the Old Testament</a> (8th–2nd centuries BC)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Directorium_Inquisitorum" title="Directorium Inquisitorum">Directorium Inquisitorum</a></i> (1376)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/De_maleficis_mulieribus" class="mw-redirect" title="De maleficis mulieribus">De maleficis mulieribus</a></i> (1440)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Formicarius" title="Formicarius">Formicarius</a></i> (1475)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Summis_desiderantes_affectibus" title="Summis desiderantes affectibus">Summis desiderantes affectibus</a></i> (1484)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Malleus_Maleficarum" title="Malleus Maleficarum">Malleus Maleficarum</a></i> (1487)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/De_Lamiis_et_Pythonicis_Mulieribus" class="mw-redirect" title="De Lamiis et Pythonicis Mulieribus">De Lamiis et Pythonicis Mulieribus</a></i> (1489)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Laienspiegel" title="Laienspiegel">Laienspiegel</a></i> (1509)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/De_praestigiis_daemonum" title="De praestigiis daemonum">De praestigiis daemonum</a></i> (1563)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Discoverie_of_Witchcraft" title="The Discoverie of Witchcraft">The Discoverie of Witchcraft</a></i> (1584)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Newes_from_Scotland" title="Newes from Scotland">Newes from Scotland</a></i> (1591)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/A_Dialogue_Concerning_Witches_and_Witchcrafts" title="A Dialogue Concerning Witches and Witchcrafts">A Dialogue Concerning Witches and Witchcrafts</a></i> (1593)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Daemonolatreiae_libri_tres" title="Daemonolatreiae libri tres">Daemonolatreiae libri tres</a></i> (1595)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Daemonologie" title="Daemonologie">Daemonologie</a></i> (1597)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Magical_Investigations" class="mw-redirect" title="Magical Investigations">Magical Investigations</a></i> (1599)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Compendium_Maleficarum" title="Compendium Maleficarum">Compendium Maleficarum</a></i> (1608)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/A_Guide_to_Grand-Jury_Men" title="A Guide to Grand-Jury Men">A Guide to Grand-Jury Men</a></i> (1627)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Discovery_of_Witches" class="mw-redirect" title="The Discovery of Witches">The Discovery of Witches</a></i> (1647)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Trait%C3%A9_sur_les_apparitions_des_esprits_et_sur_les_vampires_ou_les_revenans_de_Hongrie,_de_Moravie,_%26c." title="Traité sur les apparitions des esprits et sur les vampires ou les revenans de Hongrie, de Moravie, &c.">Treatise on the Apparitions of Spirits and on Vampires or Revenants</a></i> (1751)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Persecution</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Modern_witch_hunts" title="Modern witch hunts">Modern</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jamyi_Witch_hiring_controversy" title="Jamyi Witch hiring controversy">Jamyi Witch hiring controversy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Witchcraft_accusations_against_children" title="Witchcraft accusations against children">accusations against children</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Witch_hunts_in_India" title="Witch hunts in India">India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Witch_hunts_in_Nepal" title="Witch hunts in Nepal">Nepal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Witch_hunts_in_Papua_New_Guinea" title="Witch hunts in Papua New Guinea">Papua New Guinea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Witch_camp" title="Witch camp">Witch camp</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Witch_trials_in_the_early_modern_period" title="Witch trials in the early modern period">Early Modern</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Americas</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Maryland_Witch_Trials" class="mw-redirect" title="Maryland Witch Trials">Maryland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Witch_trials_in_New_York" title="Witch trials in New York">New York</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salem_witch_trials" title="Salem witch trials">Salem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Witch_trials_in_Virginia" title="Witch trials in Virginia">Virginia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Eastern Europe</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Witch_trials_in_Hungary" title="Witch trials in Hungary">Hungary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_Moravia_witch_trials" title="Northern Moravia witch trials">Northern Moravia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Witch_trials_in_Poland" title="Witch trials in Poland">Poland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Witch_trials_in_Russia" title="Witch trials in Russia">Russia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Northern Europe</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Witch_trials_in_Latvia_and_Estonia" title="Witch trials in Latvia and Estonia">Baltic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Witch_trials_in_Denmark" title="Witch trials in Denmark">Denmark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Witch_trials_in_England" title="Witch trials in England">England</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Witch_trials_in_Finland" title="Witch trials in Finland">Finland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Witch_trials_in_Iceland" title="Witch trials in Iceland">Iceland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Witch_trials_in_Norway" title="Witch trials in Norway">Norway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Witch_trials_in_early_modern_Scotland" title="Witch trials in early modern Scotland">Scotland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Witch_trials_in_Sweden" title="Witch trials in Sweden">Sweden</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Western Europe</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Witch_trials_in_France" title="Witch trials in France">France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geneva_witch_trials" title="Geneva witch trials">Geneva</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Witch_trials_in_Italy" title="Witch trials in Italy">Italy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Witch_trials_in_Spain" title="Witch trials in Spain">Spain</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Basque_witch_trials" title="Basque witch trials">Basque</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Classical</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Witch_trials_in_the_Holy_Roman_Empire" title="Witch trials in the Holy Roman Empire">Witch trials in the Holy Roman Empire</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Witch_hunt" title="Witch hunt">Witch hunt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Witch%27s_mark" title="Witch's mark">Witch's mark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pricking" title="Pricking">Pricking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_people_executed_for_witchcraft" title="List of people executed for witchcraft">List of people executed for witchcraft</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">In popular culture</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Magic_in_fiction" title="Magic in fiction">Magic in fiction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_fictional_witches" title="List of fictional witches">Witches in fiction</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Witch_(word)" title="Witch (word)">Witch (word)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Witch_(archetype)" title="Witch (archetype)">Witch (archetype)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_views_on_magic" title="Christian views on magic">Christian views on magic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magical_organization" title="Magical organization">Magical organization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maleficium_(sorcery)" class="mw-redirect" title="Maleficium (sorcery)">Maleficium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Left-hand_path_and_right-hand_path" title="Left-hand path and right-hand path">Left-hand path and right-hand path</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feminist_interpretations_of_witch_trials_in_the_early_modern_period" title="Feminist interpretations of witch trials in the early modern period">Feminist interpretations of witch trials in the early modern period</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Folk_religion" title="Folk religion">Folk religion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adept" title="Adept">Adept</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Neopagan_witchcraft" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Neopagan_witchcraft" title="Template:Neopagan witchcraft"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Neopagan_witchcraft" title="Template talk:Neopagan witchcraft"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Neopagan_witchcraft" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Neopagan witchcraft"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Neopagan_witchcraft" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Neopagan_witchcraft" title="Neopagan witchcraft">Neopagan witchcraft</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">History</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Wicca" title="History of Wicca">History of Wicca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Etymology_of_Wicca" title="Etymology of Wicca">Etymology of Wicca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Modern_pagan_views_on_LGBT_people#Wicca" title="Modern pagan views on LGBT people">Wicca and LGBT people</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Dettmer_v._Landon" title="Dettmer v. Landon">Dettmer v. Landon</a></i></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="10" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Pentacle_(fixed_width).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Pentacle_%28fixed_width%29.svg/90px-Pentacle_%28fixed_width%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="90" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Pentacle_%28fixed_width%29.svg/135px-Pentacle_%28fixed_width%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Pentacle_%28fixed_width%29.svg/180px-Pentacle_%28fixed_width%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="16" data-file-height="16" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Traditions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/British_Traditional_Wicca" class="mw-redirect" title="British Traditional Wicca">British Traditional</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alexandrian_Wicca" title="Alexandrian Wicca">Alexandrian Wicca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Algard_Wicca" class="mw-redirect" title="Algard Wicca">Algard Wicca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blue_Star_Wicca" title="Blue Star Wicca">Blue Star Wicca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_Valley_Wicca" title="Central Valley Wicca">Central Valley Wicca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chthonioi_Alexandrian_Wicca" title="Chthonioi Alexandrian Wicca">Chthonioi Alexandrian Wicca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gardnerian_Wicca" title="Gardnerian Wicca">Gardnerian Wicca</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1734_Tradition" title="1734 Tradition">1734 Tradition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Celtic_Wicca" title="Celtic Wicca">Celtic Wicca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Church_and_School_of_Wicca" title="Church and School of Wicca">Church and School of Wicca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cochrane%27s_Craft" title="Cochrane's Craft">Cochrane's Craft</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raymond_Howard_(Wiccan)" title="Raymond Howard (Wiccan)">Coven of Atho</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dianic_Wicca" title="Dianic Wicca">Dianic Wicca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Faery_Wicca" title="Faery Wicca">Faery Wicca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feri_Tradition" title="Feri Tradition">Feri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georgian_Wicca" title="Georgian Wicca">Georgian Wicca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Odyssean_Wicca" title="Odyssean Wicca">Odyssean Wicca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reclaiming_(Neopaganism)" title="Reclaiming (Neopaganism)">Reclaiming</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seax-Wica" title="Seax-Wica">Seax-Wica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stregheria" title="Stregheria">Stregheria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Universal_Eclectic_Wicca" title="Universal Eclectic Wicca">Universal Eclectic Wicca</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Notable<br />figures</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gerald_Gardner" title="Gerald Gardner">Gerald Gardner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Doreen_Valiente" title="Doreen Valiente">Doreen Valiente</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alex_Sanders_(Wiccan)" title="Alex Sanders (Wiccan)">Alex Sanders</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maxine_Sanders" title="Maxine Sanders">Maxine Sanders</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sybil_Leek" title="Sybil Leek">Sybil Leek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edith_Woodford-Grimes" title="Edith Woodford-Grimes">Dafo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Margot_Adler" title="Margot Adler">Margot Adler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Victor_Henry_Anderson" title="Victor Henry Anderson">Victor Anderson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eleanor_Bone" title="Eleanor Bone">Artemis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gavin_Bone" title="Gavin Bone">Gavin Bone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lois_Bourne" title="Lois Bourne">Lois Bourne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jack_L._Bracelin" title="Jack L. Bracelin">Jack Bracelin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raymond_Buckland" title="Raymond Buckland">Raymond Buckland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eddie_Buczynski" title="Eddie Buczynski">Eddie Buczynski</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zsuzsanna_Budapest" title="Zsuzsanna Budapest">Zsuzsanna Budapest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Cardell" title="Charles Cardell">Charles Cardell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ipsita_Roy_Chakraverti" title="Ipsita Roy Chakraverti">Ipsita Roy Chakraverti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patricia_Crowther_(Wiccan)" title="Patricia Crowther (Wiccan)">Patricia Crowther</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vivianne_Crowley" title="Vivianne Crowley">Vivianne Crowley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Cochrane_(witch)" title="Robert Cochrane (witch)">Robert Cochrane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scott_Cunningham" title="Scott Cunningham">Scott Cunningham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phyllis_Curott" title="Phyllis Curott">Phyllis Curott</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cerridwen_Fallingstar" title="Cerridwen Fallingstar">Cerridwen Fallingstar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Janet_Farrar" title="Janet Farrar">Janet Farrar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stewart_Farrar" title="Stewart Farrar">Stewart Farrar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raven_Grimassi" title="Raven Grimassi">Raven Grimassi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gavin_Frost" class="mw-redirect" title="Gavin Frost">Gavin Frost</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yvonne_Frost" class="mw-redirect" title="Yvonne Frost">Yvonne Frost</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philip_Heselton" title="Philip Heselton">Philip Heselton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frederic_Lamond_(Wiccan)" title="Frederic Lamond (Wiccan)">Frederic Lamond</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rosaleen_Norton" title="Rosaleen Norton">Rosaleen Norton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Silver_RavenWolf" title="Silver RavenWolf">Silver RavenWolf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Starhawk" title="Starhawk">Starhawk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Bearwalker_Wilson" title="Joseph Bearwalker Wilson">Joseph Wilson</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Deities</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Triple_Goddess_(Neopaganism)" title="Triple Goddess (Neopaganism)">Triple Goddess</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Horned_God" title="Horned God">Horned God</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Green_Man" title="Green Man">Green Man</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Green_man_(spirit_of_nature)" class="mw-redirect" title="Green man (spirit of nature)">Spirit of nature</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holly_King_and_Oak_King" title="Holly King and Oak King">Holly King / Oak King</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mother_goddess" title="Mother goddess">Mother goddess</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Key<br />concepts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wicca" title="Wicca">Wicca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wiccan_morality" title="Wiccan morality">Wiccan morality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wiccan_Rede" title="Wiccan Rede">Wiccan Rede</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rule_of_Three_(Wicca)" title="Rule of Three (Wicca)">Rule of Three</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wiccan_views_of_divinity" title="Wiccan views of divinity">Wiccan views of divinity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coven" title="Coven">Coven</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Craft_name" title="Craft name">Craft name</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magic_(supernatural)" title="Magic (supernatural)">Magic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Witchcraft" title="Witchcraft">Witchcraft</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_magic" title="White magic">White magic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Otherworld" title="Otherworld">Otherworld</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Summerland" title="The Summerland">The Summerland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reincarnation" title="Reincarnation">Reincarnation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karma" title="Karma">Karma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Skyclad_(Neopaganism)" title="Skyclad (Neopaganism)">Skyclad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Summoner_(Wicca)" title="Summoner (Wicca)">Summoner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Watchtower_(magic)" title="Watchtower (magic)">Watchtower</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Familiar" title="Familiar">Familiar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Animism" title="Animism">Animism</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Rites<br /> and ritual</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Drawing_down_the_Moon_(ritual)" title="Drawing down the Moon (ritual)">Drawing down the Moon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_rite" title="Great rite">Great rite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Handfasting" title="Handfasting">Handfasting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wiccaning" title="Wiccaning">Wiccaning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fivefold_kiss" title="Fivefold kiss">Fivefold kiss</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magic_circle" title="Magic circle">Magic circle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cone_of_power" title="Cone of power">Cone of power</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herbal_medicine" title="Herbal medicine">Herbal medicine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scrying" title="Scrying">Scrying</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Incantation" title="Incantation">Spellwork / Incantation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Banishing" title="Banishing">Banishing</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Divination</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Invocation" title="Invocation">Invocation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Initiation" title="Initiation">Initiation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rite_of_passage" title="Rite of passage">Rite of passage</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Eko_Eko_Azarak" title="Eko Eko Azarak">Eko Eko Azarak</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solitary_practitioner" title="Solitary practitioner">Solitary practitioner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spiral_dance" title="Spiral dance">Spiral dance</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Holidays</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wheel_of_the_Year" title="Wheel of the Year">Wheel of the Year</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solstice" title="Solstice">Solstice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Equinox" title="Equinox">Equinox</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Imbolc" title="Imbolc">Imbolc</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C4%92ostre" title="Ēostre">Ostara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beltane" title="Beltane">Beltane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Midsummer" title="Midsummer">Midsummer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lughnasadh" title="Lughnasadh">Lughnasadh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wheel_of_the_Year#Autumnal_equinox_(Mabon)" title="Wheel of the Year">Mabon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samhain" title="Samhain">Samhain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yule" title="Yule">Yule</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Esbat" title="Esbat">Esbat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wild_Hunt#In_modern_Paganism" title="Wild Hunt">Wild Hunt</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Paraphernalia</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Magical_tools_in_Wicca" title="Magical tools in Wicca">Magical tools in Wicca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Altar_(Wicca)" title="Altar (Wicca)">Altar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amulet" title="Amulet">Amulet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Athame" title="Athame">Athame</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Altar_bell" title="Altar bell">Bell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Besom" title="Besom">Besom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boline" title="Boline">Boline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Book_of_Shadows" title="Book of Shadows">Book of Shadows</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Candle" title="Candle">Candles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cauldron" title="Cauldron">Cauldron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Censer" title="Censer">Censer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chalice#Wicca" title="Chalice">Chalice/Goblet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drinking_horn" title="Drinking horn">Horn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Incense" title="Incense">Incense</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parchment" title="Parchment">Parchment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pentacle" title="Pentacle">Pentacle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Runic_magic#Modern_systems" title="Runic magic">Runes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scourge" title="Scourge">Scourge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Figurine" title="Figurine">Statue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Talisman" title="Talisman">Talisman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tarot" title="Tarot">Tarot deck</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wand" title="Wand">Wand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Witch%27s_ladder" title="Witch's ladder">Witch's ladder</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Literature</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Aradia,_or_the_Gospel_of_the_Witches" title="Aradia, or the Gospel of the Witches">Aradia, or the Gospel of the Witches</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Meaning_of_Witchcraft" title="The Meaning of Witchcraft">The Meaning of Witchcraft</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Spiral_Dance" title="The Spiral Dance">The Spiral Dance</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/What_Witches_Do" title="What Witches Do">What Witches Do</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Witchcraft_Today" title="Witchcraft Today">Witchcraft Today</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Charge_of_the_Goddess" title="Charge of the Goddess">Charge of the Goddess</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Enchanted_Feminism" title="Enchanted Feminism">Enchanted Feminism</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Neopagan_movements#Wicca" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Neopagan movements">List of Wiccan organisations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bricket_Wood_coven" title="Bricket Wood coven">Bricket Wood coven</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Forest_coven" title="New Forest coven">New Forest coven</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neopagan_witchcraft" title="Neopagan witchcraft">Neopagan witchcraft</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Witch-cult_hypothesis" title="Witch-cult hypothesis">Witch-cult hypothesis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Left-hand_path_and_right-hand_path" title="Left-hand path and right-hand path">Left-hand path and right-hand path</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cunning_folk_in_Britain" title="Cunning folk in Britain">Cunning folk in Britain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_witchcraft" title="European witchcraft">European witchcraft</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Malleus_Maleficarum" title="Malleus Maleficarum">Malleus Maleficarum</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Folk_healer#Granny_women" title="Folk healer">Granny woman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cunning_folk" title="Cunning folk">Cunning folk</a></li> <li>Magical alphabets <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Runes" class="mw-redirect" title="Runes">Runes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theban_alphabet" title="Theban alphabet">Theban</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hebrew_alphabet" title="Hebrew alphabet">Hebrew</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Witching_hour" title="Witching hour">Witching hour</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Witch_hunt" title="Witch hunt">Witch hunt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Witches%27_Sabbath" title="Witches' Sabbath">Witches' Sabbath</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flying_ointment" title="Flying ointment">Flying ointment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Museum_of_Witchcraft_and_Magic" title="Museum of Witchcraft and Magic">Museum of Witchcraft and Magic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Witchcraft_Research_Association" title="Witchcraft Research Association">Witchcraft Research Association</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Fantasy_fiction" style="text-align:center;;padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Fantasy_fiction" title="Template:Fantasy fiction"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Fantasy_fiction" title="Template talk:Fantasy fiction"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Fantasy_fiction" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Fantasy fiction"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Fantasy_fiction" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Fantasy" title="Fantasy">Fantasy fiction</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_fantasy" title="History of fantasy">History</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fantasy_literature" title="Fantasy literature">Literature</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magic_in_fiction" title="Magic in fiction">Magic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Early_history_of_fantasy" title="Early history of fantasy">Sources</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Subgenres</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Action-adventure <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lost_world" title="Lost world">Lost world</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sword_and_sorcery" title="Sword and sorcery">Sword and sorcery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wuxia" title="Wuxia">Wuxia‎</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alternate_history" title="Alternate history">Alternate history</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Contemporary_fantasy" title="Contemporary fantasy">Contemporary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Children%27s_fantasy" title="Children's fantasy">Children's fantasy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fantasy_comedy" title="Fantasy comedy">Comedy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bangsian_fantasy" title="Bangsian fantasy">Bangsian</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dark_fantasy" title="Dark fantasy">Dark fantasy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Grimdark" title="Grimdark">Grimdark</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fairy_tale_parody" title="Fairy tale parody">Fairy tale parodies</a>‎</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fairytale_fantasy" title="Fairytale fantasy">Fairytale fantasy</a>‎</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fantastique" title="Fantastique">Fantastique</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fantasy_of_manners" title="Fantasy of manners">Fantasy of manners</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hard_fantasy" title="Hard fantasy">Hard fantasy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/High_fantasy" title="High fantasy">High fantasy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Historical_fantasy" title="Historical fantasy">Historical fantasy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isekai" title="Isekai">Isekai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LitRPG" title="LitRPG">LitRPG</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Low_fantasy" title="Low fantasy">Low fantasy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magical_girl" title="Magical girl">Magical girl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mythic_fiction" title="Mythic fiction">Mythic</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mythpunk" class="mw-redirect" title="Mythpunk">Mythpunk</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mythopoeia" title="Mythopoeia">Mythopoeia‎</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Omegaverse" title="Omegaverse">Omegaverse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romantic_fantasy" title="Romantic fantasy">Romantic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Science_fantasy" title="Science fantasy">Science fantasy</a>‎ <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dying_Earth_(genre)" title="Dying Earth (genre)">Dying Earth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Planetary_romance" title="Planetary romance">Planetary romance</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gods_and_demons_fiction" title="Gods and demons fiction">Shenmo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Urban_fantasy" title="Urban fantasy">Urban fantasy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Occult_detective_fiction" title="Occult detective fiction">Occult detective fiction‎</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paranormal_romance" title="Paranormal romance">Paranormal romance</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Weird_fiction" title="Weird fiction">Weird fiction</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/New_weird" title="New weird">New weird</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Weird_West" title="Weird West">Weird West</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fantasy_Western" class="mw-redirect" title="Fantasy Western">West‎ern fantasy</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Media</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7em"><a href="/wiki/Fantasy_film" title="Fantasy film">Film</a> and <a href="/wiki/Fantasy_television" title="Fantasy television">television</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_fantasy_anime" title="List of fantasy anime">Anime</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lists_of_fantasy_films" title="Lists of fantasy films">Films</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_highest-grossing_fantasy_films" title="List of highest-grossing fantasy films">highest-grossing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_sword_and_sorcery_films" title="List of sword and sorcery films">S&S</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_fantasy_television_programs" title="List of fantasy television programs">Television programs</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7em"><a href="/wiki/Fantasy_literature" title="Fantasy literature">Literature</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_fantasy_authors" title="List of fantasy authors">Authors</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ballantine_Adult_Fantasy_series" title="Ballantine Adult Fantasy series">Ballantine Adult Fantasy series</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fantasy_comics" title="Fantasy comics">Comics</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_fantasy_comics" title="List of fantasy comics">list</a></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Encyclopedia_of_Fantasy" title="The Encyclopedia of Fantasy">The Encyclopedia of Fantasy</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fantasy_Masterworks" title="Fantasy Masterworks">Fantasy Masterworks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Internet_Speculative_Fiction_Database" title="Internet Speculative Fiction Database">Internet Speculative Fiction Database</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_fantasy_novels" class="mw-redirect" title="List of fantasy novels">List of novels</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_fantasy_novels_(A%E2%80%93H)" title="List of fantasy novels (A–H)">A–H</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_fantasy_novels_(I%E2%80%93R)" title="List of fantasy novels (I–R)">I–R</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_fantasy_novels_(S%E2%80%93Z)" title="List of fantasy novels (S–Z)">S–Z</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_fantasy_story_collections" title="List of fantasy story collections">List of story collections</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_science_fiction_publishers" title="List of science fiction publishers">Publishers</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7em"><a href="/wiki/Fantasy_fiction_magazine" class="mw-redirect" title="Fantasy fiction magazine">Magazines</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Fantastic_(magazine)" title="Fantastic (magazine)">Fantastic</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Fantastic_Adventures" title="Fantastic Adventures">Fantastic Adventures</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Locus_(magazine)" title="Locus (magazine)">Locus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Magazine_of_Fantasy_%26_Science_Fiction" title="The Magazine of Fantasy & Science Fiction">The Magazine of Fantasy & Science Fiction</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Science_Fantasy_(magazine)" title="Science Fantasy (magazine)">Science Fantasy</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Unknown_(magazine)" title="Unknown (magazine)">Unknown</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Weird_Tales" title="Weird Tales">Weird Tales</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7em">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Dungeons_%26_Dragons" title="Dungeons & Dragons">Dungeons & Dragons</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/F%C3%A9erie" title="Féerie">Féeries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fantasy_podcast" title="Fantasy podcast">Podcasts</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Awards</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Balrog_Award" class="mw-redirect" title="Balrog Award">Balrog</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_Fantasy_Award" title="British Fantasy Award">British Fantasy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crawford_Award" title="Crawford Award">Crawford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dragon_Awards" title="Dragon Awards">Dragon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gandalf_Award" title="Gandalf Award">Gandalf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Gemmell_Awards_for_Fantasy" title="David Gemmell Awards for Fantasy">Gemmell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hugo_Award" title="Hugo Award">Hugo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Fantasy_Award" title="International Fantasy Award">International Fantasy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japan_Fantasy_Novel_Award" title="Japan Fantasy Novel Award">Japan Fantasy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Locus_Award" title="Locus Award">Locus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M%C3%A9li%C3%A8s_d%27Or" title="Méliès d'Or">Méliès d'Or</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mythopoeic_Awards" title="Mythopoeic Awards">Mythopoeic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nebula_Award" title="Nebula Award">Nebula</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saturn_Awards" title="Saturn Awards">Saturn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/T%C3%A4htifantasia_Award" title="Tähtifantasia Award">Tähtifantasia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Fantasy_Award" title="World Fantasy Award">World Fantasy</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Fantasy_fandom" title="Fantasy fandom">Fandom</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fantastic_art" title="Fantastic art">Art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fanspeak" title="Fanspeak">Fanspeak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Filk_music" title="Filk music">Filk music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harry_Potter_fandom" title="Harry Potter fandom"><i>Harry Potter</i> fandom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Inklings" class="mw-redirect" title="The Inklings">The Inklings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lovecraft_fandom" title="Lovecraft fandom">Lovecraft fandom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mythopoeic_Society" title="Mythopoeic Society">Mythopoeic Society</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tolkien_fandom" title="Tolkien fandom">Tolkien fandom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tolkien%27s_influence_on_fantasy" class="mw-redirect" title="Tolkien's influence on fantasy">Tolkien's influence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Works_inspired_by_J._R._R._Tolkien" class="mw-redirect" title="Works inspired by J. R. R. Tolkien">Works inspired by J. R. R. Tolkien</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Fantasy_Convention" title="World Fantasy Convention">World Fantasy Convention</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Fantasy_trope" title="Fantasy trope">Tropes</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Legendary_creature" title="Legendary creature">Creatures</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Angel" title="Angel">Angels</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demon" title="Demon">Demons</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Devil" title="Devil">Devils</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ghoul" title="Ghoul">Ghouls</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elemental" title="Elemental">Elementals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fairy" title="Fairy">Faeries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Familiar" title="Familiar">Familiars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fire-breathing_monster" title="Fire-breathing monster">Fire-breathing monsters</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chimera_(mythology)" title="Chimera (mythology)">Chimera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dragon" title="Dragon">Dragons</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gargoyle_(monster)" title="Gargoyle (monster)">Gargoyles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Imp" title="Imp">Imps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jinn" title="Jinn">Jinn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nymph" title="Nymph">Nymphs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shapeshifting" title="Shapeshifting">Shapeshifters</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Werecat" title="Werecat">Werecats</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Werewolf" title="Werewolf">Werewolves</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Skin-walker" title="Skin-walker">Skin-walkers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Supernatural#Spirit" title="Supernatural">Spirits</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Talking_animals_in_fiction" title="Talking animals in fiction">Talking animals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Undead" title="Undead">Undead</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Personifications_of_death" title="Personifications of death">Death</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ghost" title="Ghost">Ghosts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lich" title="Lich">Liches</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mummy_(undead)" title="Mummy (undead)">Mummies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Skeleton_(undead)" title="Skeleton (undead)">Skeletons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vampire" title="Vampire">Vampires</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zombie" title="Zombie">Zombies</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unicorn" title="Unicorn">Unicorns</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Y%C5%8Dkai" title="Yōkai">Yōkai</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_stock_characters" title="List of stock characters">Characters</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Barbarian" title="Barbarian">Barbarian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caveman" title="Caveman">Caveman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Damsel_in_distress" title="Damsel in distress">Damsel in distress</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dark_lord" title="Dark lord">Dark lord</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Donor_(fairy_tale)" title="Donor (fairy tale)">Donor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dragonslayer" title="Dragonslayer">Dragonslayer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fairy_godmother" title="Fairy godmother">Fairy godmother</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hero" title="Hero">Heroes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magician_(fantasy)" title="Magician (fantasy)">Magicians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Occult_detective_fiction" title="Occult detective fiction">Occult detective</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_science_fiction_and_fantasy_detectives" title="List of science fiction and fantasy detectives">list</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wild_man" title="Wild man">Wild man</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Witchcraft" title="Witchcraft">Witches</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Magic_in_fiction" title="Magic in fiction">Magic system</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hard_and_soft_magic_systems" class="mw-redirect" title="Hard and soft magic systems">Hard and soft</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Classical_element" title="Classical element">Elements</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_magic" title="Black magic">Dark</a>/<a href="/wiki/Gray_magic" title="Gray magic">neutral</a>/<a href="/wiki/White_magic" title="White magic">light</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ceremonial_magic" title="Ceremonial magic">Ceremonial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Love_magic" title="Love magic">Love</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moon_magic" title="Moon magic">Moon</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magic_item" title="Magic item">Magic item</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Grimoire" title="Grimoire">Grimoire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magic_ring" title="Magic ring">Magic ring</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_magical_weapons" title="List of magical weapons">Magical weapons</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Magic_sword" title="Magic sword">Magic sword</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Runes" class="mw-redirect" title="Runes">Runes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wand" title="Wand">Wand</a></li></ul></li> <li>Schools <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alchemy" title="Alchemy">Alchemy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demonology" title="Demonology">Demonology</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Divination</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Egregore" title="Egregore">Egregore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evocation" title="Evocation">Evocation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Incantation" title="Incantation">Incantation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Necromancy" title="Necromancy">Necromancy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Runic_magic" title="Runic magic">Runecraft</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shamanism" title="Shamanism">Shamanism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shapeshifting" title="Shapeshifting">Shapeshifting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thaumaturgy" title="Thaumaturgy">Thaumaturgy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theurgy" title="Theurgy">Theurgy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Witchcraft" title="Witchcraft">Witchcraft</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Fantasy_races" class="mw-redirect" title="Fantasy races">Fantasy races</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Centaur" title="Centaur">Centaurs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dwarf_(folklore)" title="Dwarf (folklore)">Dwarves</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elf" title="Elf">Elves</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ent" title="Ent">Treants</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giant" title="Giant">Giants</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gnome" title="Gnome">Gnomes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Goblin" title="Goblin">Goblins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gremlin" title="Gremlin">Gremlins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Halfling" title="Halfling">Halflings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hobgoblin" title="Hobgoblin">Hobgoblins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kobold" title="Kobold">Kobolds</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leprechaun" title="Leprechaun">Leprechauns</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Merfolk" title="Merfolk">Merfolk</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mermaid" title="Mermaid">Mermaids</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Merman" title="Merman">Mermen</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ogre" title="Ogre">Ogres</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oni" title="Oni">Oni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orc" title="Orc">Orcs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Troll" title="Troll">Trolls</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_mythological_places" title="List of mythological places">Places and events</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Quest" title="Quest">Quests</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fantasy_world" title="Fantasy world">Worlds</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_fantasy_worlds" title="List of fantasy worlds">list</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fantasy_map" class="mw-redirect" title="Fantasy map">Maps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lost_city_(fiction)" class="mw-redirect" title="Lost city (fiction)">Lost city</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Subterranean_fiction" title="Subterranean fiction">Hollow Earth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Astral_plane" title="Astral plane">Astral plane</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dream_world_(plot_device)" title="Dream world (plot device)">Dreamworld</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Castle" title="Castle">Castle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enchanted_forest" title="Enchanted forest">Enchanted forest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thieves%27_guild" title="Thieves' guild">Thieves' guild</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_fictional_schools#Magic_schools" title="List of fictional schools">Magic school</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Allegory" title="Allegory">Allegory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Epic_poetry" title="Epic poetry">Epic poetry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fable" title="Fable">Fable</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fairy_tale" title="Fairy tale">Fairy tale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ghost_story" title="Ghost story">Ghost stories</a>‎</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gothic_fiction" title="Gothic fiction">Gothic fiction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Horror_fiction" title="Horror fiction">Horror fiction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LGBT_themes_in_speculative_fiction" title="LGBT themes in speculative fiction">LGBT themes in speculative fiction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mecha" title="Mecha">Mecha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Myth" title="Myth">Mythology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Science_fiction" title="Science fiction">Science fiction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Supernatural_fiction" title="Supernatural fiction">Supernatural fiction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Superhero_fiction" title="Superhero fiction">Superhero</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tokusatsu" title="Tokusatsu">Tokusatsu‎</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kaiju" title="Kaiju">Kaiju</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Urban_legends_and_myths" class="mw-redirect" title="Urban legends and myths">Urban legend</a></li></ul> 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