CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html>   <html lang="en" dir="ltr">  <head> <link rel="profile" href="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml/vocab" /> <meta charset="utf-8"> <meta content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1" name="viewport" > <link rel="shortcut icon" href="https://uis.unesco.org/sites/all/themes/unesco_bootstrap_theme/favicon.ico" type="image/vnd.microsoft.icon" /> <meta name="description" content="Studies have found that every dollar invested in R&D generates nearly two dollars in return. While the rate will vary, R&D is an important driver of economic growth. To seize this potential, governments need reliable and precise data. In response, the UIS produces a wide range of indicators on the human and financial resources invested in R&D for countries at all stages of" /> <meta name="dcterms.title" content="Research and Development" /> <meta name="dcterms.description" content="Studies have found that every dollar invested in R&D generates nearly two dollars in return. While the rate will vary, R&D is an important driver of economic growth. To seize this potential, governments need reliable and precise data. In response, the UIS produces a wide range of indicators on the human and financial resources invested in R&D for countries at all stages of development...." /> <meta name="dcterms.issued" title="W3CDTF" content="2016-11-18" /> <meta name="dcterms.modified" title="W3CDTF" content="2024-02-27" /> <meta name="dcterms.language" title="ISO639-2" content="eng" /> <noscript><link rel="stylesheet" href="https://uis.unesco.org/profiles/wetkit/libraries/wet-boew/css/noscript.min.css" /></noscript> <script src="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/babel-polyfill/6.13.0/polyfill.min.js"></script> <script src="https://component.uis.unesco.org/lib/js/es6-promise-3.2.2.js"></script> <meta name="google-site-verification" content="RJL0M747Ju5vg3WZTjibIpoC5rFF4XATSnb1S17HQHI" /> <title>Research and Development | UNESCO UIS</title>   <link type="text/css" rel="stylesheet" href="https://uis.unesco.org/sites/default/files/css/css_lQaZfjVpwP_oGNqdtWCSpJT1EMqXdMiU84ekLLxQnc4.css" media="all" /> <link type="text/css" rel="stylesheet" href="https://uis.unesco.org/sites/default/files/css/css_E7BUREsDBrAxxz2qAzv85BoLTH7fjofNTk0uCY-Wd3k.css" media="all" />  <link type="text/css" rel="stylesheet" href="https://uis.unesco.org/sites/default/files/css/css_6FSmOreXIhAr3HAgiSgPK1GK95I-Jb4gXpYP2tJaTO4.css" media="all" />   <link type="text/css" rel="stylesheet" href="https://uis.unesco.org/sites/default/files/css/css_IKUnUB7hi0s6QBH1xSjz2enmTLIqQol9N8PguRgW7NM.css" media="all" />  <link type="text/css" rel="stylesheet" href="https://uis.unesco.org/sites/default/files/css/css_kfF2LxPjfXQXxjnqIEzryXzYuAgJjyW4gF74evaH6v8.css" media="all" /> <link type="text/css" rel="stylesheet" href="//maxcdn.bootstrapcdn.com/font-awesome/4.7.0/css/font-awesome.min.css" media="all" /> <link type="text/css" rel="stylesheet" href="https://uis.unesco.org/sites/default/files/css/css_L-W-OLKOta-x4psRxwR9xREi07pRbKI3pURhenUhqTE.css" media="all" /> <link type="text/css" rel="stylesheet" href="https://uis.unesco.org/sites/default/files/css/css_iMW7SElNswQG5jAdGu4PihWRfc_ZbnnOXcT8ZoZAylQ.css" media="all" /> <script>(function(w,d,s,l,i){ w[l]=w[l]||[]; w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'}); var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0]; var j=d.createElement(s); var dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:''; j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl+''; j.async=true; f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f); })(window,document,'script','','GTM-TXQTBLL');</script> <script>(function(w,d,s,l,i){ w[l]=w[l]||[]; w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'}); var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0]; var j=d.createElement(s); var dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:''; j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl+''; j.async=true; f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f); })(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-MPNJFCZ');</script> <script src="https://uis.unesco.org/sites/default/files/js/js_s5koNMBdK4BqfHyHNPWCXIL2zD0jFcPyejDZsryApj0.js"></script>  <script src="https://uis.unesco.org/sites/default/files/js/js_86uwsMF1LhmNxPaM2sgUMN9mPB4WRLy2zMRSbw5GKs8.js"></script> <script>document.createElement( "picture" );</script> <script src="https://uis.unesco.org/sites/default/files/js/js_0bMaQBm_U70eaJ7gpq3eIrxq1y6y3NEL0k-MuxYwMSc.js"></script> <script src="https://uis.unesco.org/sites/default/files/js/js_u2c9jvEcpP-GNtb11A_fBcY0zKmwogE_MTBc756dgNU.js"></script> <script>(function(i,s,o,g,r,a,m){i["GoogleAnalyticsObject"]=r;i[r]=i[r]||function(){(i[r].q=i[r].q||[]).push(arguments)},i[r].l=1*new Date();a=s.createElement(o),m=s.getElementsByTagName(o)[0];a.async=1;a.src=g;m.parentNode.insertBefore(a,m)})(window,document,"script","https://www.google-analytics.com/analytics.js","ga");ga("create", "UA-17023930-1", {"cookieDomain":"auto"});ga("set", "anonymizeIp", true);ga("set", "page", location.pathname + location.search + location.hash);ga("send", "pageview");</script> <script>UIS_BASE="https://component.uis.unesco.org/"</script> <script src="https://uis.unesco.org/sites/default/files/js/js_-oEDdwe4XpUqUj4W0KJs96ENaXIrGvjBvIP-WYYBi54.js"></script> <script src="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/systemjs/0.19.36/system.js"></script> <script src="https://component.uis.unesco.org/lib/js/uis/setup.js"></script> <script src="https://uis.unesco.org/sites/default/files/js/js_D_4P1L37zjcmED_g0wwpamsU4mXbi-xa0gXJDwY1yJ0.js"></script> <script src="https://uis.unesco.org/sites/default/files/js/js_OLgr-593LYCzF1vZ05PpqLNjLgPEsdxeuLPiASPOib8.js"></script> <script>jQuery.extend(Drupal.settings, {"basePath":"\/","pathPrefix":"en\/","setHasJsCookie":0,"ajaxPageState":{"theme":"unesco_bootstrap_theme","theme_token":"FMtaGwEW0GKD0e69tiValozu0rmND4-PQpDuTVAlsco","jquery_version":"1.10","js":{"profiles\/wetkit\/libraries\/wet-boew\/js\/wet-boew.min.js":1,"profiles\/wetkit\/libraries\/wet-boew\/js\/ie8-wet-boew2.min.js":1,"profiles\/wetkit\/libraries\/theme-gcweb\/js\/theme.min.js":1,"profiles\/wetkit\/modules\/contrib\/picture\/picturefill2\/picturefill.min.js":1,"profiles\/wetkit\/modules\/contrib\/picture\/picture.min.js":1,"profiles\/wetkit\/themes\/bootstrap\/js\/bootstrap.js":1,"0":1,"1":1,"profiles\/wetkit\/modules\/contrib\/jquery_update\/replace\/jquery\/1.10\/jquery.min.js":1,"misc\/jquery-extend-3.4.0.js":1,"misc\/jquery-html-prefilter-3.5.0-backport.js":1,"misc\/jquery.once.js":1,"misc\/drupal.js":1,"profiles\/wetkit\/libraries\/wet-boew\/js\/ie8-wet-boew.min.js":1,"profiles\/wetkit\/modules\/contrib\/jquery_update\/replace\/ui\/ui\/minified\/jquery.ui.core.min.js":1,"profiles\/wetkit\/modules\/contrib\/jquery_update\/replace\/ui\/ui\/minified\/jquery.ui.widget.min.js":1,"profiles\/wetkit\/modules\/contrib\/jquery_update\/replace\/ui\/external\/jquery.cookie.js":1,"profiles\/wetkit\/modules\/contrib\/jquery_update\/replace\/misc\/jquery.form.min.js":1,"profiles\/wetkit\/modules\/contrib\/jquery_update\/replace\/ui\/ui\/minified\/jquery.ui.tabs.min.js":1,"profiles\/wetkit\/modules\/contrib\/jquery_update\/replace\/ui\/ui\/minified\/jquery.ui.accordion.min.js":1,"misc\/ajax.js":1,"profiles\/wetkit\/modules\/contrib\/jquery_update\/js\/jquery_update.js":1,"2":1,"profiles\/wetkit\/modules\/custom\/wetkit_theme\/js\/wetkit-accordion.js":1,"profiles\/wetkit\/modules\/custom\/wetkit_admin\/wetkit-admin.js":1,"profiles\/wetkit\/modules\/custom\/wetkit_theme\/modules\/wetkit_bootstrapx\/js\/alert.js":1,"profiles\/wetkit\/modules\/custom\/wetkit_theme\/modules\/wetkit_bootstrapx\/js\/collapse.js":1,"profiles\/wetkit\/modules\/custom\/wetkit_theme\/modules\/wetkit_bootstrapx\/js\/tooltip.js":1,"profiles\/wetkit\/modules\/custom\/wetkit_theme\/modules\/wetkit_bootstrapx\/js\/vertical_tabs.js":1,"profiles\/wetkit\/modules\/custom\/wetkit_theme\/modules\/wetkit_emberx\/js\/wetkit-emberx.js":1,"profiles\/wetkit\/modules\/custom\/wetkit_widgets\/js\/wetkit_widgets.js":1,"sites\/all\/modules\/custom\/jquery_ajax_load\/jquery_ajax_load.js":1,"profiles\/wetkit\/libraries\/jstorage\/jstorage.min.js":1,"profiles\/wetkit\/modules\/contrib\/custom_search\/js\/custom_search.js":1,"profiles\/wetkit\/modules\/contrib\/views\/js\/base.js":1,"profiles\/wetkit\/themes\/bootstrap\/js\/misc\/_progress.js":1,"profiles\/wetkit\/themes\/bootstrap\/js\/misc\/_collapse.js":1,"misc\/form.js":1,"profiles\/wetkit\/modules\/custom\/wetkit_theme\/modules\/wetkit_bootstrapx\/js\/horizontal_tabs.js":1,"sites\/all\/modules\/contrib\/views_load_more\/views_load_more.js":1,"profiles\/wetkit\/modules\/contrib\/views\/js\/ajax_view.js":1,"profiles\/wetkit\/modules\/custom\/wetkit_bean\/js\/wetkit_bean.js":1,"profiles\/wetkit\/modules\/custom\/wetkit_admin\/modules\/wetkit_navbar\/js\/wetkit-navbar.js":1,"sites\/all\/modules\/contrib\/google_analytics\/googleanalytics.js":1,"3":1,"4":1,"sites\/all\/modules\/contrib\/extlink\/js\/extlink.js":1,"https:\/\/cdnjs.cloudflare.com\/ajax\/libs\/systemjs\/0.19.36\/system.js":1,"https:\/\/component.uis.unesco.org\/lib\/js\/uis\/setup.js":1,"profiles\/wetkit\/themes\/wetkit_bootstrap\/js\/wetkit-bootstrap.modules.js":1,"sites\/all\/themes\/unesco_bootstrap_theme\/js\/jquery.shorten.min.js":1,"sites\/all\/themes\/unesco_bootstrap_theme\/js\/init.js":1,"profiles\/wetkit\/themes\/bootstrap\/js\/modules\/views\/js\/ajax_view.js":1,"profiles\/wetkit\/themes\/bootstrap\/js\/misc\/ajax.js":1},"css":{"modules\/system\/system.base.css":1,"misc\/ui\/jquery.ui.core.css":1,"misc\/ui\/jquery.ui.theme.css":1,"misc\/ui\/jquery.ui.tabs.css":1,"misc\/ui\/jquery.ui.accordion.css":1,"profiles\/wetkit\/libraries\/theme-gcweb\/css\/theme.min.css":1,"profiles\/wetkit\/libraries\/theme-gcweb\/css\/ie8-theme.min.css":1,"profiles\/wetkit\/modules\/custom\/wetkit_theme\/css\/wetkit-featured.css":1,"profiles\/wetkit\/modules\/custom\/wetkit_theme\/css\/wetkit-accordian.css":1,"modules\/field\/theme\/field.css":1,"modules\/node\/node.css":1,"sites\/all\/modules\/custom\/openplus_layouts\/css\/openplus_layouts.css":1,"profiles\/wetkit\/modules\/contrib\/picture\/picture_wysiwyg.css":1,"profiles\/wetkit\/modules\/custom\/wetkit_admin\/wetkit-admin.css":1,"profiles\/wetkit\/modules\/custom\/wetkit_theme\/modules\/wetkit_emberx\/css\/ember-contextual.css":1,"profiles\/wetkit\/modules\/custom\/wetkit_theme\/modules\/wetkit_emberx\/css\/ember-ctools.css":1,"profiles\/wetkit\/modules\/custom\/wetkit_theme\/modules\/wetkit_emberx\/css\/ember-media.css":1,"profiles\/wetkit\/modules\/custom\/wetkit_theme\/modules\/wetkit_emberx\/css\/ember-modal.css":1,"profiles\/wetkit\/modules\/custom\/wetkit_theme\/modules\/wetkit_emberx\/css\/ember-panels-ipe.css":1,"profiles\/wetkit\/modules\/custom\/wetkit_layouts\/css\/layouts.css":1,"profiles\/wetkit\/modules\/custom\/wetkit_admin\/modules\/wetkit_navbar\/css\/wetkit-navbar.css":1,"profiles\/wetkit\/modules\/custom\/wetkit_widgets\/css\/wetkit_widgets.css":1,"profiles\/wetkit\/modules\/custom\/wetkit_wysiwyg\/css\/wetkit-wysiwyg.css":1,"sites\/all\/modules\/contrib\/extlink\/css\/extlink.css":1,"profiles\/wetkit\/modules\/contrib\/views\/css\/views.css":1,"profiles\/wetkit\/css\/wetkit.css":1,"profiles\/wetkit\/modules\/custom\/wetkit_menu\/css\/wetkit_menu.css":1,"profiles\/wetkit\/libraries\/theme-gcweb\/css\/messages.min.css":1,"profiles\/wetkit\/libraries\/theme-gcweb\/css\/messages-ie.min.css":1,"profiles\/wetkit\/modules\/contrib\/ctools\/css\/ctools.css":1,"profiles\/wetkit\/modules\/contrib\/panels\/css\/panels.css":1,"profiles\/wetkit\/modules\/contrib\/date\/date_api\/date.css":1,"sites\/all\/modules\/custom\/openplus_layouts\/plugins\/layouts\/openplus_66_33\/openplus-66-33.css":1,"profiles\/wetkit\/modules\/contrib\/ctools\/css\/button.css":1,"profiles\/wetkit\/modules\/custom\/wetkit_theme\/modules\/wetkit_bootstrapx\/css\/horizontal_tabs.css":1,"\/\/maxcdn.bootstrapcdn.com\/font-awesome\/4.7.0\/css\/font-awesome.min.css":1,"profiles\/wetkit\/themes\/wetkit_bootstrap\/css\/wetkit_bootstrap.styles.css":1,"sites\/all\/themes\/unesco_bootstrap_theme\/css\/init.css":1,"profiles\/wetkit\/modules\/custom\/wetkit_bean\/css\/wetkit_bean.css":1,"profiles\/wetkit\/modules\/custom\/wetkit_core\/css\/wetkit_core.css":1,"profiles\/wetkit\/modules\/custom\/wetkit_search\/css\/wetkit_search.css":1,"profiles\/wetkit\/modules\/custom\/wetkit_wetboew\/css\/wetkit_wetboew.css":1,"profiles\/wetkit\/modules\/custom\/wetkit_images\/css\/wetkit_images.css":1}},"admin_menu":{"suppress":1},"jcarousel":{"ajaxPath":"\/en\/jcarousel\/ajax\/views"},"jquery_ajax_load":{"trigger":".jquery_ajax_load\r","target":"#jquery_ajax_load_target","toggle":1,"animation":1,"base_path":"https:\/\/uis.unesco.org\/","module_path":"sites\/all\/modules\/custom\/jquery_ajax_load","site_name":"UNESCO UIS"},"custom_search":{"form_target":"_self","solr":1},"views":{"ajax_path":"\/en\/views\/ajax","ajaxViews":{"views_dom_id:11df662ba0219ee09b3adb1a7684fbff":{"view_name":"topic_carousel","view_display_id":"panel_pane_1","view_args":"11167","view_path":"node\/11167","view_base_path":null,"view_dom_id":"11df662ba0219ee09b3adb1a7684fbff","pager_element":0},"views_dom_id:9d6505b8e6c3776451d673f7d0dd00c3":{"view_name":"visualisations","view_display_id":"panel_pane_1","view_args":"11167","view_path":"node\/11167","view_base_path":null,"view_dom_id":"9d6505b8e6c3776451d673f7d0dd00c3","pager_element":0},"views_dom_id:f9e08143fa8a16c4dc290a69e9b4330e":{"view_name":"infocus","view_display_id":"panel_pane_1","view_args":"11167","view_path":"node\/11167","view_base_path":null,"view_dom_id":"f9e08143fa8a16c4dc290a69e9b4330e","pager_element":0},"views_dom_id:4c0ef0ce7c4e70fa2a206d1d86dc1313":{"view_name":"news","view_display_id":"panel_pane_2","view_args":"548\/all","view_path":"node\/11167","view_base_path":"node\/11167","view_dom_id":"4c0ef0ce7c4e70fa2a206d1d86dc1313","pager_element":0}}},"urlIsAjaxTrusted":{"\/en\/views\/ajax":true,"\/en\/search\/site\/en?f%5B0%5D=type%253Anews\u0026f%5B1%5D=field_published_date%253A2016\u0026f%5B2%5D=field_theme%253A10\u0026f%5B3%5D=type%253Aindicator\u0026f%5B4%5D=field_topics%253A575\u0026f%5B5%5D=field_published_date%253A2008\u0026f%5B6%5D=field_published_date%253A2001\u0026f%5B7%5D=field_published_date%253A2007\u0026f%5B8%5D=field_topics%253A551\u0026f%5B9%5D=field_published_date%3A2000\u0026wbdisable=false":true,"\/en\/system\/ajax":true,"\/en\/topic\/research-and-development":true},"googleanalytics":{"trackOutbound":1,"trackMailto":1,"trackDownload":1,"trackDownloadExtensions":"7z|aac|arc|arj|asf|asx|avi|bin|csv|doc(x|m)?|dot(x|m)?|exe|flv|gif|gz|gzip|hqx|jar|jpe?g|js|mp(2|3|4|e?g)|mov(ie)?|msi|msp|pdf|phps|png|ppt(x|m)?|pot(x|m)?|pps(x|m)?|ppam|sld(x|m)?|thmx|qtm?|ra(m|r)?|sea|sit|tar|tgz|torrent|txt|wav|wma|wmv|wpd|xls(x|m|b)?|xlt(x|m)|xlam|xml|z|zip","trackUrlFragments":1},"currentPath":"node\/11167","currentPathIsAdmin":false,"ajax":{"edit-submit":{"callback":"openplus_widgets_search_callback","wrapper":"search-links-replace","event":"mousedown","keypress":true,"prevent":"click","url":"\/en\/system\/ajax","submit":{"_triggering_element_name":"op","_triggering_element_value":"Go"}}},"extlink":{"extTarget":"_blank","extClass":0,"extLabel":"(link is external)","extImgClass":0,"extIconPlacement":"append","extSubdomains":1,"extExclude":"","extInclude":"","extCssExclude":"","extCssExplicit":"","extAlert":0,"extAlertText":"This link will take you to an external web site.","mailtoClass":"mailto","mailtoLabel":"(link sends e-mail)","extUseFontAwesome":false},"bootstrap":{"anchorsFix":"0","anchorsSmoothScrolling":"0","formHasError":1,"popoverEnabled":1,"popoverOptions":{"animation":1,"html":0,"placement":"right","selector":"","trigger":"click","triggerAutoclose":1,"title":"","content":"","delay":0,"container":"body"},"tooltipEnabled":1,"tooltipOptions":{"animation":1,"html":0,"placement":"auto left","selector":"","trigger":"hover focus","delay":0,"container":"body"}}});</script> </head> <body class="unesco-bootstrap-theme theme-gcweb html not-front not-logged-in no-sidebars page-node page-node- page-node-11167 node-type-topic landing-page theme-science-technology-and-innovation i18n-en"> <ul id="wb-tphp"> </ul> <div class="region region-page-top"> <noscript aria-hidden="true"><iframe src="https://www.googletagmanager.com/ns.html?id=GTM-TXQTBLL" height="0" width="0" style="display:none;visibility:hidden"></iframe></noscript> <noscript aria-hidden="true"><iframe src="https://www.googletagmanager.com/ns.html?id=GTM-MPNJFCZ" height="0" width="0" style="display:none;visibility:hidden"></iframe></noscript> </div> <header id="navbar" role="banner" class=""> <div id="wb-bnr" class="container"> <div> <div class="logo pull-left"> <a href="/en/home"> <img alt="UNESCO" src="https://uis.unesco.org/sites/default/files/logo-website_1.png" /> </a> </div> <div class="top-right pull-right hidden-xs hidden-s"> <ul> <li> <a href="/en/pinboard" class="btn btn-white btn-pill btn-pin">My Pins</a> </li> </ul> <ul class="text-right"><li><a href="/fr/topic/recherche-et-developpement" class="link" hreflang="fr" lang="fr">Français</a></li></ul> </div> </div> </div> <div class="side-menu"> <ul class="toggle-buttons"> <li> <a href="#slideoutmenu" class="menu-toggle"> <span class="sr-only">Toggle navigation</span> <span class="line-bar"></span> <span class="line-bar"></span> <span class="line-bar"></span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="#slideoutsearch" class="search-toggle"> <div class="close-btn"> <span class="line-bar"></span> <span class="line-bar"></span> </div> </a> </li> </ul> <div class="slideout-menu" id="slideoutmenu"> <div class="inner"> <div class="slideoutheader"> <ul class="text-right"><li><a href="/fr/topic/recherche-et-developpement" class="link" hreflang="fr" lang="fr">Français</a></li></ul> <ul> <li> <a href="/en/pinboard" class="btn btn-white btn-pill btn-pin">My Pins</a> </li> </ul> </div> <div class="mainmenu"> <ul class="menu nav"><li class="first leaf"><a href="/en/home#tabs-0-uis_home_top_menus-1">Explore Themes</a></li> <li class="last leaf"><a href="http://data.uis.unesco.org">UIS.Stat</a></li> </ul> <ul class="menu nav"><li class="first leaf"><a href="/en/news">News</a></li> <li class="leaf"><a href="/en/documents">Document Library</a></li> <li class="leaf"><a href="/en/visualisations">Visualisation Gallery</a></li> <li class="last leaf"><a href="/en/methodology">Methodology</a></li> </ul> <ul class="menu nav"><li class="first leaf"><a href="/en/glossary">Glossary</a></li> <li class="leaf"><a href="/en/blog">Data for Sustainable Development - UIS Blog</a></li> <li class="last leaf"><a href="/en/events">Training and Workshops</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="bottommenu"> <ul class="menu nav"><li class="first leaf"><a href="http://uis.unesco.org/unesco-en.php">Privacy</a></li> <li class="leaf"><a href="/en/about-us">About us</a></li> <li class="leaf"><a href="/en/contact-us">Contact us</a></li> <li class="leaf"><a href="http://uis.unesco.org/unesco-en.php?redirect=2023">UNESCO website</a></li> <li class="leaf"><a href="https://twitter.com/UNESCOstat?lang=en"><i class="fa fa-twitter" aria-hidden="true"></i><span class="sr-only">Twitter</span></a></li> <li class="leaf"><a href="https://www.facebook.com/unesco/"><i class="fa fa-facebook" aria-hidden="true"></i><span class="sr-only">Facebook</span></a></li> <li class="last leaf"><a href="/en/news/rss"><i class="fa fa-rss" aria-hidden="true"></i><span class="sr-only">RSS</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="search-popup"> <div class="container"> <div class="inner"> <form action="/en/topic/research-and-development" method="post" id="openplus-widgets-search-form" accept-charset="UTF-8"><div><div class="form-item form-item-search form-type-textfield form-group"><input class="form-control form-text" type="text" id="edit-search" name="search" value="" size="15" maxlength="128" /><label class="control-label element-invisible" for="edit-search" id="edit-search-label"><span class="field-name">Search</span></label> </div><button class="btn-pill btn-dark btn btn-default form-submit" type="submit" id="edit-submit" name="op" value="Go">Go</button> <div id="search-links-replace"></div><input type="hidden" name="form_build_id" value="form-07OqEGeLf0EnmhGDRdVUxQ1Cp_T4eipUQgHhsUAlNc4" /> <input type="hidden" name="form_id" value="openplus_widgets_search_form" /> </div></form> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="container"> <div class="title-breadcrumb"> <nav role="navigation" id="wb-bc" property="breadcrumb"> <div> <div class="row"> <div class="contextual-links-region"><ol class="breadcrumb"><li class="inline odd first"><a href="/en">Explore Themes</a></li> <li class="inline even last"><a href="/en/home#tabs-themes_tab-center-2">Science, Technology & Innovation</a></li></ol></div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 class="page-header" id="wb-cont">Research and Development </h1> </div> </div> </header> <main role="" class="container"> <section> <div class="region region-content"> <section id="block-system-main" class="block block-system clearfix"> <div class="panel-display openplus_66_33 clearfix " > <section class="openplus-66-33"> <div class="row"> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="col-md-8 left"> <div class="panel-pane pane-entity-field pane-node-body topic-body" > <div class="pane-content"> <div class="field field-name-body field-type-text-with-summary field-label-hidden"><div class="field-items"><div class="field-item even"><p>Studies have found that every dollar invested in R&D generates nearly two dollars in return. While the rate will vary, R&D is an important driver of economic growth. To seize this potential, governments need reliable and precise data. In response, the UIS produces a wide range of indicators on the human and financial resources invested in R&D for countries at all stages of development.</p> <p>To produce these data, we conduct an <a href="/en/files/uis_rd_2016-xlsx">annual survey </a>that involves countries and regional partners, such as <a href="http://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/">Eurostat</a>, <a href="http://www.oecd.org/">OECD</a> and <a href="http://www.ricyt.org/homeenglish" target="_blank">RICYT</a>. We also work closely with the African Science, Technology and Innovation Indicators (<a href="http://www.nepad.org/resource/african-science-technology-and-innovation-indicators-astii-initiative-workshop">ASTII</a>) Initiative of the African Union.</p> <p>By working closely with these partners and national statistical offices, we can align and harmonise the surveys and methodological frameworks, such as the <a href="http://www.oecd.org/sti/inno/frascati-manual.htm">Frascati Manua</a>l, used at the global, regional and national levels to ensure that resulting data can be compared across countries. This is essential to gain a global perspective on science and technology.</p> <p>We also provide training and methodological resources to help countries develop their own national surveys on R&D and improve the quality and use of their data.</p> </div></div></div> </div> </div> <div class="panel-separator"></div><div class="panel-pane pane-views-panes pane-infocus-panel-pane-1 page-body-left listings-view listing-theme-indicator" > <h2 class="pane-title" id="jumpto-pane-826"> In Focus </h2> <div class="pane-content"> <div class="view view-infocus view-id-infocus view-display-id-panel_pane_1 view-dom-id-f9e08143fa8a16c4dc290a69e9b4330e"> <div class="view-content"> <div class="views-row views-row-1 views-row-odd views-row-first theme-science-technology-and-innovation"> <div class="views-field views-field-field-document-type"> <div class="field-content type theme-science-technology-and-innovation">Report</div> </div> <div class="fieldset-left views-fieldset" data-module="views_fieldsets"> <div class="views-field views-field-field-featured-image"><div class="field-content"><img class="blog-landing image-actual img-responsive" src="https://uis.unesco.org/sites/default/files/styles/blog_landing/public/featured_images/guide-to-conducting-an-rd-survey-for-countries-starting-to-measure-research-and-experimental-development-2014-en.jpg?itok=KQH7igav" width="200" height="140" alt="Guide to Conducting an R&D Survey: For Countries Starting to Measure Research and Experimental Development" title="Guide to Conducting an R&D Survey: For Countries Starting to Measure Research and Experimental Development" /></div></div> </div> <div class="fieldset-right views-fieldset" data-module="views_fieldsets"> <div class="views-field views-field-title-field"><h3 class="field-content"><a href="https://uis.unesco.org/sites/default/files/documents/guide-to-conducting-an-rd-survey-for-countries-starting-to-measure-research-and-experimental-development-2014-en.pdf">Guide to Conducting an R&D Survey: For Countries Starting to Measure Research and Experimental Development</a></h3></div> <div class="views-field views-field-node-sharelinks"><span class="field-content"><div class="use-uiscomponents"><div class="component" data-type="share" data-lang="en" data-content="{"type":"document","title":"Guide to Conducting an R&D Survey: For Countries Starting to Measure Research and Experimental Development","theme":"STI","data":{"filename":"guide-to-conducting-an-rd-survey-for-countries-starting-to-measure-research-and-experimental-development-2014-en.pdf","url":"https:\/\/uis.unesco.org\/sites\/default\/files\/documents\/guide-to-conducting-an-rd-survey-for-countries-starting-to-measure-research-and-experimental-development-2014-en.pdf","filetype":"pdf","freshness":"17\/11\/2014"}}">Share</div></div></span></div> <div class="views-field views-field-field-document-upload"><div class="field-content"><div class="ctools-no-js ctools-button uis-btn" id="ctools-button-1"><div class="ctools-content"><ul><li class="0 first last"><a href="https://uis.unesco.org/sites/default/files/documents/guide-to-conducting-an-rd-survey-for-countries-starting-to-measure-research-and-experimental-development-2014-en.pdf">Download (2.53 MB)</a></li> </ul></div></div></div></div> <div class="views-field views-field-field-published-date"><div class="field-content time"><span class="date-display-single">17/11/2014</span></div></div> <div class="views-field views-field-extension"><span class="field-content">pdf</span></div> </div> </div> <div class="views-row views-row-2 views-row-even theme-science-technology-and-innovation"> <div class="views-field views-field-field-document-type"> <div class="field-content type theme-science-technology-and-innovation">Fact sheet</div> </div> <div class="fieldset-left views-fieldset" data-module="views_fieldsets"> <div class="views-field views-field-field-featured-image"><div class="field-content"></div></div> </div> <div class="fieldset-right views-fieldset" data-module="views_fieldsets"> <div class="views-field views-field-title-field"><h3 class="field-content"><a href="https://uis.unesco.org/sites/default/files/documents/fs60-women-in-science-2020-en.pdf">Women in Science - 2020</a></h3></div> <div class="views-field views-field-node-sharelinks"><span class="field-content"><div class="use-uiscomponents"><div class="component" data-type="share" data-lang="en" data-content="{"type":"document","title":"Women in Science - 2020","theme":"STI","data":{"filename":"fs60-women-in-science-2020-en.pdf","url":"https:\/\/uis.unesco.org\/sites\/default\/files\/documents\/fs60-women-in-science-2020-en.pdf","filetype":"pdf","freshness":"29\/06\/2020"}}">Share</div></div></span></div> <div class="views-field views-field-field-document-upload"><div class="field-content"><div class="ctools-no-js ctools-button uis-btn" id="ctools-button-2"><div class="ctools-content"><ul><li class="0 first last"><a href="https://uis.unesco.org/sites/default/files/documents/fs60-women-in-science-2020-en.pdf">Download (296.1 KB)</a></li> </ul></div></div></div></div> <div class="views-field views-field-field-published-date"><div class="field-content time"><span class="date-display-single">29/06/2020</span></div></div> <div class="views-field views-field-extension"><span class="field-content">pdf</span></div> </div> </div> <div class="views-row views-row-3 views-row-odd views-row-last theme-science-technology-and-innovation"> <div class="views-field views-field-field-document-type"> <div class="field-content type theme-science-technology-and-innovation">Fact sheet</div> </div> <div class="fieldset-left views-fieldset" data-module="views_fieldsets"> <div class="views-field views-field-field-featured-image"><div class="field-content"></div></div> </div> <div class="fieldset-right views-fieldset" data-module="views_fieldsets"> <div class="views-field views-field-title-field"><h3 class="field-content"><a href="https://uis.unesco.org/sites/default/files/documents/fs59-global-investments-rd-2020-en.pdf">Global Investments in R&D - 2020</a></h3></div> <div class="views-field views-field-node-sharelinks"><span class="field-content"><div class="use-uiscomponents"><div class="component" data-type="share" data-lang="en" data-content="{"type":"document","title":"Global Investments in R&D - 2020","theme":"STI","data":{"filename":"fs59-global-investments-rd-2020-en.pdf","url":"https:\/\/uis.unesco.org\/sites\/default\/files\/documents\/fs59-global-investments-rd-2020-en.pdf","filetype":"pdf","freshness":"29\/06\/2020"}}">Share</div></div></span></div> <div class="views-field views-field-field-document-upload"><div class="field-content"><div class="ctools-no-js ctools-button uis-btn" id="ctools-button-3"><div class="ctools-content"><ul><li class="0 first last"><a href="https://uis.unesco.org/sites/default/files/documents/fs59-global-investments-rd-2020-en.pdf">Download (817.18 KB)</a></li> </ul></div></div></div></div> <div class="views-field views-field-field-published-date"><div class="field-content time"><span class="date-display-single">29/06/2020</span></div></div> <div class="views-field views-field-extension"><span class="field-content">pdf</span></div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="item-list"><ul class="pager pager-load-more"><li class="pager-next"><a href="/en/topic/research-and-development?page=1">View more results</a></li> </ul></div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="col-md-4 right"> <div class="inner"> <div class="panel-pane pane-views-panes pane-news-panel-pane-2 listings-view listings-view-sidebar listing-theme-indicator" > <h2 class="pane-title" id="jumpto-pane-827"> Latest News </h2> <div class="pane-content"> <div class="view view-news view-id-news view-display-id-panel_pane_2 view-dom-id-4c0ef0ce7c4e70fa2a206d1d86dc1313"> <div class="view-content"> <div class="views-row views-row-1 views-row-odd views-row-first theme-science-technology-and-innovation"> <div class="views-field views-field-title-field"> <h3 class="field-content title"><a href="/en/news/new-uis-data-sdg-9-5-research-and-development-rd">New UIS Data for SDG 9.5 on Research and Development (R&D)</a></h3> </div> <div class="views-field views-field-body"> <div class="field-content body">As part of the SDG Agenda 2030, countries have pledged to “build resilient infrastructure, promote inclusive and sustainable industrialization and foster innovation”. In particular, SDG Target 9.5...</div> </div> <div class="views-field views-field-node-sharelinks"> <span class="field-content"><div class="use-uiscomponents"><div class="component" data-type="share" data-lang="en" data-content="{"type":"news","title":"New UIS Data for SDG 9.5 on Research and Development (R&D)","theme":"STI","data":{"description":"","img":"https:\/\/uis.unesco.org\/","url":"https:\/\/uis.unesco.org\/en\/news\/new-uis-data-sdg-9-5-research-and-development-rd"}}">Share</div></div></span> </div> <div class="views-field views-field-field-published-date"> <div class="field-content time"><span class="date-display-single">29/06/2020</span></div> </div> </div> <div class="views-row views-row-2 views-row-even theme-science-technology-and-innovation"> <div class="views-field views-field-title-field"> <h3 class="field-content title"><a href="/en/news/uis-releases-more-timely-country-level-data-sdg-9-5-rd">UIS Releases More Timely Country-Level Data for SDG 9.5 on R&D</a></h3> </div> <div class="views-field views-field-body"> <div class="field-content body"> The UNESCO Institute for Statistics (UIS) has just updated its global database on research and experimental development (R&D) with more recent country-level data to monitor progress towards...</div> </div> <div class="views-field views-field-node-sharelinks"> <span class="field-content"><div class="use-uiscomponents"><div class="component" data-type="share" data-lang="en" data-content="{"type":"news","title":"UIS Releases More Timely Country-Level Data for SDG 9.5 on R&D","theme":"STI","data":{"description":"","img":"https:\/\/uis.unesco.org\/","url":"https:\/\/uis.unesco.org\/en\/news\/uis-releases-more-timely-country-level-data-sdg-9-5-rd"}}">Share</div></div></span> </div> <div class="views-field views-field-field-published-date"> <div class="field-content time"><span class="date-display-single">26/02/2020</span></div> </div> </div> <div class="views-row views-row-3 views-row-odd views-row-last theme-science-technology-and-innovation"> <div class="views-field views-field-title-field"> <h3 class="field-content title"><a href="/en/news/uis-launches-rd-survey">UIS Launches R&D Survey</a></h3> </div> <div class="views-field views-field-body"> <div class="field-content body">Research and experimental development (R&D) plays a pivotal role in driving a country’s economic growth and hence is instrumental in alleviating poverty. As part of the Sustainable Development...</div> </div> <div class="views-field views-field-node-sharelinks"> <span class="field-content"><div class="use-uiscomponents"><div class="component" data-type="share" data-lang="en" data-content="{"type":"news","title":"UIS Launches R&D Survey","theme":"STI","data":{"description":"","img":"https:\/\/uis.unesco.org\/","url":"https:\/\/uis.unesco.org\/en\/news\/uis-launches-rd-survey"}}">Share</div></div></span> </div> <div class="views-field views-field-field-published-date"> <div class="field-content time"><span class="date-display-single">18/09/2019</span></div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="view-footer"> <div class="view-all-link"> <a href="/en/search/site?f%5B0%5D=type%3Anews&f%5B1%5D=field_topics%3A548" class="btn btn-pill">View all news</a></div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row"> </div> <div class="row"> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="col-md-12 bottom"> <div class="inner"> <div class="panel-pane pane-entity-field pane-node-field-page-bottom page-body-bottom" > <div class="pane-content"> <div class="field field-name-field-page-bottom field-type-text-long field-label-hidden"><div class="field-items"><div class="field-item even"><div class="links-block"> <h2>Explore the Data</h2> <div class="row"> <div class="col-md-6"><a href="http://data.uis.unesco.org/">UIS Database</a></div> </div> </div> </div></div></div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row"> </div> <div class="row"> </div> </section> </div> </section> </div> </section> </main> <footer role="contentinfo" id="wb-info"> <div class="container"> <div class="topfooter hidden-xs"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-md-6"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-md-4"> <ul class="menu nav"><li class="first leaf"><a href="/en/home#tabs-0-uis_home_top_menus-1">Explore Themes</a></li> <li class="last leaf"><a href="http://data.uis.unesco.org">UIS.Stat</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="col-md-4"> <ul class="menu nav"><li class="first leaf"><a href="/en/news">News</a></li> <li class="leaf"><a href="/en/documents">Document Library</a></li> <li class="leaf"><a href="/en/visualisations">Visualisation Gallery</a></li> <li class="last leaf"><a href="/en/methodology">Methodology</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="col-md-4"> <ul class="menu nav"><li class="first leaf"><a href="/en/glossary">Glossary</a></li> <li class="leaf"><a href="/en/blog">Data for Sustainable Development - UIS Blog</a></li> <li class="last leaf"><a href="/en/events">Training and Workshops</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div class="col-md-6 text-right"> <a href="/en/pinboard" class="btn btn-white btn-pill btn-pin">My Pins</a> </div> </div> </div> <div class="bottomfooter"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-md-6 col-md-push-6 footer-menu"> <ul class="menu nav"><li class="first leaf"><a href="http://uis.unesco.org/unesco-en.php">Privacy</a></li> <li class="leaf"><a href="/en/about-us">About us</a></li> <li class="leaf"><a href="/en/contact-us">Contact us</a></li> <li class="leaf"><a href="http://uis.unesco.org/unesco-en.php?redirect=2023">UNESCO website</a></li> <li class="leaf"><a href="https://twitter.com/UNESCOstat?lang=en"><i class="fa fa-twitter" aria-hidden="true"></i><span class="sr-only">Twitter</span></a></li> <li class="leaf"><a href="https://www.facebook.com/unesco/"><i class="fa fa-facebook" aria-hidden="true"></i><span class="sr-only">Facebook</span></a></li> <li class="last leaf"><a href="/en/news/rss"><i class="fa fa-rss" aria-hidden="true"></i><span class="sr-only">RSS</span></a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="col-md-6 col-md-pull-6 terms-menu"> <span>©2024 UNESCO Institute of Statistics</span> <ul class="menu nav"><li class="first leaf"><a href="http://uis.unesco.org/en/employment-and-procurement">Join us.</a></li> <li class="last leaf"><a href="http://uis.unesco.org/en/terms-and-conditions">Terms and Conditions</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </footer>  <script src="https://uis.unesco.org/profiles/wetkit/libraries/wet-boew/js/wet-boew.min.js?v=4.0.41"></script>   <script src="https://uis.unesco.org/profiles/wetkit/libraries/theme-gcweb/js/theme.min.js?v=9.1.0"></script> <script src="https://uis.unesco.org/sites/default/files/js/js_7Ukqb3ierdBEL0eowfOKzTkNu-Le97OPm-UqTS5NENU.js"></script> <script src="https://uis.unesco.org/sites/default/files/js/js_MRdvkC2u4oGsp5wVxBG1pGV5NrCPW3mssHxIn6G9tGE.js"></script> </body> </html>