CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html class="client-nojs vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-disabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available" lang="ml" dir="ltr"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>കടൽ അടിവാരം - വിക്കിപീഡിയ</title> <script>(function(){var className="client-js vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-disabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available";var cookie=document.cookie.match(/(?:^|; )mlwikimwclientpreferences=([^;]+)/);if(cookie){cookie[1].split('%2C').forEach(function(pref){className=className.replace(new RegExp('(^| )'+pref.replace(/-clientpref-\w+$|[^\w-]+/g,'')+'-clientpref-\\w+( |$)'),'$1'+pref+'$2');});}document.documentElement.className=className;}());RLCONF={"wgBreakFrames":false,"wgSeparatorTransformTable":["",""],"wgDigitTransformTable":["",""],"wgDefaultDateFormat":"dmy" ,"wgMonthNames":["","ജനുവരി","ഫെബ്രുവരി","മാർച്ച്","ഏപ്രിൽ","മേയ്","ജൂൺ","ജൂലൈ","ഓഗസ്റ്റ്","സെപ്റ്റംബർ","ഒക്ടോബർ","നവംബർ","ഡിസംബർ"],"wgRequestId":"5635758d-0e6d-4fca-b3c2-c7d54a0adff8","wgCanonicalNamespace":"","wgCanonicalSpecialPageName":false,"wgNamespaceNumber":0,"wgPageName":"കടൽ_അടിവാരം","wgTitle":"കടൽ അടിവാരം","wgCurRevisionId":3266213,"wgRevisionId":3266213,"wgArticleId":238781,"wgIsArticle":true,"wgIsRedirect":false,"wgAction":"view","wgUserName":null,"wgUserGroups":["*"],"wgCategories":["ആവശ്യത്തിന് അവലംബമില്ലാത്ത ലേഖനങ്ങൾ","Commons category link is on Wikidata","Pages using the JsonConfig extension","2013 ഏപ്രിൽ മുതലുള്ള ഒറ്റവരി ലേഖനങ്ങൾ","സമുദ്രം"], "wgPageViewLanguage":"ml","wgPageContentLanguage":"ml","wgPageContentModel":"wikitext","wgRelevantPageName":"കടൽ_അടിവാരം","wgRelevantArticleId":238781,"wgIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRelevantPageIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRestrictionEdit":[],"wgRestrictionMove":[],"wgNoticeProject":"wikipedia","wgCiteReferencePreviewsActive":false,"wgMediaViewerOnClick":true,"wgMediaViewerEnabledByDefault":true,"wgPopupsFlags":0,"wgVisualEditor":{"pageLanguageCode":"ml","pageLanguageDir":"ltr","pageVariantFallbacks":"ml"},"wgMFDisplayWikibaseDescriptions":{"search":true,"watchlist":true,"tagline":true,"nearby":true},"wgWMESchemaEditAttemptStepOversample":false,"wgWMEPageLength":1000,"wgRelatedArticlesCompat":[],"wgCentralAuthMobileDomain":false,"wgEditSubmitButtonLabelPublish":true,"wgULSPosition":"interlanguage","wgULSisCompactLinksEnabled":false,"wgVector2022LanguageInHeader":true,"wgULSisLanguageSelectorEmpty":false,"wgWikibaseItemId":"Q686881", "wgCheckUserClientHintsHeadersJsApi":["brands","architecture","bitness","fullVersionList","mobile","model","platform","platformVersion"],"GEHomepageSuggestedEditsEnableTopics":true,"wgGETopicsMatchModeEnabled":false,"wgGEStructuredTaskRejectionReasonTextInputEnabled":false,"wgGELevelingUpEnabledForUser":false,"wgSiteNoticeId":"2.2"};RLSTATE={"ext.globalCssJs.user.styles":"ready","site.styles":"ready","user.styles":"ready","ext.globalCssJs.user":"ready","user":"ready","user.options":"loading","ext.cite.styles":"ready","skins.vector.search.codex.styles":"ready","skins.vector.styles":"ready","skins.vector.icons":"ready","jquery.makeCollapsible.styles":"ready","ext.wikimediamessages.styles":"ready","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript":"ready","ext.uls.interlanguage":"ready","wikibase.client.init":"ready","ext.wikimediaBadges":"ready","ext.dismissableSiteNotice.styles":"ready"};RLPAGEMODULES=["ext.cite.ux-enhancements","site","mediawiki.page.ready","jquery.makeCollapsible", "skins.vector.js","ext.centralNotice.geoIP","ext.centralNotice.startUp","ext.gadget.ReferenceTooltips","ext.gadget.refToolbar","ext.urlShortener.toolbar","ext.centralauth.centralautologin","mmv.bootstrap","ext.popups","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.init","ext.visualEditor.targetLoader","ext.echo.centralauth","ext.eventLogging","ext.wikimediaEvents","ext.navigationTiming","ext.uls.interface","ext.cx.eventlogging.campaigns","ext.cx.uls.quick.actions","wikibase.client.vector-2022","ext.checkUser.clientHints","ext.growthExperiments.SuggestedEditSession","wikibase.sidebar.tracking","ext.dismissableSiteNotice"];</script> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.loader.impl(function(){return["user.options@12s5i",function($,jQuery,require,module){mw.user.tokens.set({"patrolToken":"+\\","watchToken":"+\\","csrfToken":"+\\"}); }];});});</script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=ml&modules=ext.cite.styles%7Cext.dismissableSiteNotice.styles%7Cext.uls.interlanguage%7Cext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript%7Cext.wikimediaBadges%7Cext.wikimediamessages.styles%7Cjquery.makeCollapsible.styles%7Cskins.vector.icons%2Cstyles%7Cskins.vector.search.codex.styles%7Cwikibase.client.init&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <script async="" src="/w/load.php?lang=ml&modules=startup&only=scripts&raw=1&skin=vector-2022"></script> <meta name="ResourceLoaderDynamicStyles" content=""> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=ml&modules=site.styles&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <meta name="generator" content="MediaWiki 1.44.0-wmf.4"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin-when-cross-origin"> <meta name="robots" content="max-image-preview:standard"> <meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d5/Benthic_GLERL_1.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="1200"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="942"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d5/Benthic_GLERL_1.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="800"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="628"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Benthic_GLERL_1.jpg/640px-Benthic_GLERL_1.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="640"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="502"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=1120"> <meta property="og:title" content="കടൽ അടിവാരം - വിക്കിപീഡിയ"> <meta property="og:type" content="website"> <link rel="preconnect" href="//upload.wikimedia.org"> <link rel="alternate" media="only screen and (max-width: 640px)" href="//ml.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%9F%E0%B5%BD_%E0%B4%85%E0%B4%9F%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%82"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/x-wiki" title="തിരുത്തുക" href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%9F%E0%B5%BD_%E0%B4%85%E0%B4%9F%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%82&action=edit"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/static/apple-touch/wikipedia.png"> <link rel="icon" href="/static/favicon/wikipedia.ico"> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/w/rest.php/v1/search" title="വിക്കിപീഡിയ (ml)"> <link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" href="//ml.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?action=rsd"> <link rel="canonical" href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%9F%E0%B5%BD_%E0%B4%85%E0%B4%9F%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%82"> <link rel="license" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.ml"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" title="വിക്കിപീഡിയ ആറ്റം ഫീഡ്" href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%87%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%82:%E0%B4%B8%E0%B4%AE%E0%B5%80%E0%B4%AA%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B2%E0%B4%AE%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B1%E0%B4%99%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%99%E0%B5%BE&feed=atom"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//meta.wikimedia.org" /> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//login.wikimedia.org"> </head> <body class="skin--responsive skin-vector skin-vector-search-vue mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject mw-editable page-കടൽ_അടിവാരം rootpage-കടൽ_അടിവാരം skin-vector-2022 action-view"><a class="mw-jump-link" href="#bodyContent">Jump to content</a> <div class="vector-header-container"> <header class="vector-header mw-header"> <div class="vector-header-start"> <nav class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="സൈറ്റ്"> <div id="vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-main-menu-dropdown vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="പ്രധാന മെനു" > <label id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-label" for="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-menu mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-menu"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">പ്രധാന മെനു</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-main-menu" class="vector-main-menu vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-main-menu-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="main-menu-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-main-menu" data-pinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">പ്രധാന മെനു</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">സൈഡ്‌ബാറിലേക്ക് മാറ്റുക</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">മറയ്ക്കുക</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> ഉള്ളടക്കം </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage-description" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%A7%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%A8_%E0%B4%A4%E0%B4%BE%E0%B5%BE" title="പ്രധാനതാൾ സന്ദർശിക്കുക [z]" accesskey="z"><span>പ്രധാന താൾ</span></a></li><li id="n-content-sb" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%9F%E0%B4%82:%E0%B4%89%E0%B4%B3%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B3%E0%B4%9F%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%82" title="വിക്കിപീഡിയയുടെ ഉള്ളടക്ക പര്യവേക്ഷണം"><span>ഉള്ളടക്കം</span></a></li><li id="n-currentevents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%9F%E0%B4%82:%E0%B4%B8%E0%B4%AE%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B2%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%82" title="സമകാലീനസംഭവങ്ങളുടെ പശ്ചാത്തലം അന്വേഷിക്കുക"><span>സമകാലികം</span></a></li><li id="n-newpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%87%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%82:%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%81%E0%B4%A4%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AF_%E0%B4%A4%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B3%E0%B5%81%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%BE" title="വിക്കിപീഡിയയിൽ പുതുതായി നിർമ്മിക്കപ്പെട്ട താളുകൾ"><span>പുതിയ താളുകൾ</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%87%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%82:%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%AE%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%B9%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%A4%E0%B4%82" title="ഏതെങ്കിലും ഒരു താൾ തുറക്കൂ [x]" accesskey="x"><span>ഏതെങ്കിലും താൾ</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-participation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-participation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> പങ്കാളിത്തം </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-startarticle" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%80%E0%B4%A1%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AF:%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%B3%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%BF" title="പുതിയ ഒരു ലേഖനം തുടങ്ങുവാൻ"><span>ലേഖനം തുടങ്ങുക</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%87%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%82:%E0%B4%B8%E0%B4%AE%E0%B5%80%E0%B4%AA%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B2%E0%B4%AE%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B1%E0%B4%99%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%99%E0%B5%BE" title="വിക്കിയിലെ സമീപകാലമാറ്റങ്ങൾ [r]" accesskey="r"><span>സമീപകാല മാറ്റങ്ങൾ</span></a></li><li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%80%E0%B4%A1%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AF:%E0%B4%B8%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%AE%E0%B5%82%E0%B4%B9%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%9F%E0%B4%82" title="പദ്ധതി താളിനെക്കുറിച്ച്, താങ്കൾക്കെന്തൊക്കെ ചെയ്യാം, കാര്യങ്ങൾ എവിടെനിന്ന് കണ്ടെത്താം"><span>സാമൂഹികകവാടം</span></a></li><li id="n-portal-sb" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%80%E0%B4%A1%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AF:%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%9F%E0%B4%82"><span>കവാടം</span></a></li><li id="n-panchayat-sb" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%80%E0%B4%A1%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AF:%E0%B4%AA%E0%B4%9E%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%9A%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%AF%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8D" title="ആറു ഗ്രാമസഭകളുള്ള വിക്കിപീഡിയ ചർച്ചാവേദി"><span>പഞ്ചായത്ത്</span></a></li><li id="n-Embassy" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%80%E0%B4%A1%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AF:Embassy"><span>Embassy</span></a></li><li id="n-അപ്‌ലോഡ്‌" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%87%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%82:%E0%B4%85%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8D%E2%80%8C%E0%B4%B2%E0%B5%8B%E0%B4%A1%E0%B5%8D"><span>അപ്‌ലോഡ്‌</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-navigation-sb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation-sb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> വഴികാട്ടി </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%B8%E0%B4%B9%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%AF%E0%B4%82:%E0%B4%89%E0%B4%B3%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B3%E0%B4%9F%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%82" title="സഹായം ലഭ്യമായ ഇടം"><span>സഹായം</span></a></li><li id="n-sandbox-sb" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%80%E0%B4%A1%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AF:%E0%B4%8E%E0%B4%B4%E0%B5%81%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%81%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%B3%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%BF"><span>എഴുത്തുകളരി</span></a></li><li id="n-styleguide-sb" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%80%E0%B4%A1%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AF:%E0%B4%B6%E0%B5%88%E0%B4%B2%E0%B5%80%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%81%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A4%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%82"><span>ശൈലീപുസ്തകം</span></a></li><li id="n-policies-and-gl-sb" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%80%E0%B4%A1%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AF:%E0%B4%A8%E0%B4%AF%E0%B4%99%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%99%E0%B4%B3%E0%B5%81%E0%B4%82_%E0%B4%AE%E0%B4%BE%E0%B5%BC%E0%B4%97%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%97%E0%B4%B0%E0%B5%87%E0%B4%96%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%B3%E0%B5%81%E0%B4%82"><span>നയങ്ങളും മാർഗ്ഗരേഖകളും</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-communication-sb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-communication-sb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> ആശയവിനിമയം </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-livechat-sb" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%B8%E0%B4%B9%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%AF%E0%B4%82:%E0%B4%90.%E0%B4%86%E0%B5%BC.%E0%B4%B8%E0%B4%BF."><span>തത്സമയ സംവാദം</span></a></li><li id="n-maillist-sb" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%80%E0%B4%A1%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AF:%E0%B4%AE%E0%B5%86%E0%B4%AF%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%B2%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%99%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%99%E0%B5%8D_%E0%B4%B2%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%8D"><span>മെയിലിങ് ലിസ്റ്റ്</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%A7%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%A8_%E0%B4%A4%E0%B4%BE%E0%B5%BE" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="വിക്കിപീഡിയ" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-ml.svg" style="width: 7.4375em; height: 1.125em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="<small>വിക്കിപീഡിയ, ഒരു സ്വതന്ത്ര വിജ്ഞാനകോശം</small>" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-ml.svg" width="119" height="12" style="width: 7.4375em; height: 0.75em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%87%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%82:%E0%B4%85%E0%B4%A8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B5%E0%B5%87%E0%B4%B7%E0%B4%A3%E0%B4%82" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="വിക്കിപീഡിയ സംരംഭത്തിൽ തിരയുക [f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>തിരയൂ</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="വിക്കിപീഡിയ സംരംഭത്തിൽ തിരയുക" aria-label="വിക്കിപീഡിയ സംരംഭത്തിൽ തിരയുക" autocapitalize="sentences" title="വിക്കിപീഡിയ സംരംഭത്തിൽ തിരയുക [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="പ്രത്യേകം:അന്വേഷണം"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">തിരയൂ</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="വ്യക്തിഗത ഉപകരണങ്ങൾ"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="ദൃശ്യരൂപം"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Change the appearance of the page's font size, width, and color" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="ദൃശ്യരൂപം" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">ദൃശ്യരൂപം</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_ml.wikipedia.org&uselang=ml" class=""><span>ധനസമാഹരണം</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%87%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%82:%E0%B4%85%E0%B4%82%E0%B4%97%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%AE%E0%B5%86%E0%B4%9F%E0%B5%81%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%BD&returnto=%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%9F%E0%B5%BD+%E0%B4%85%E0%B4%9F%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%82" title="നിർബന്ധമില്ലെങ്കിലും, താങ്കൾ ഒരു അംഗത്വമെടുക്കണമെന്നും പ്രവേശിക്കണമെന്നും താത്പര്യപ്പെടുന്നു" class=""><span>അംഗത്വമെടുക്കുക</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%87%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%82:%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%B5%E0%B5%87%E0%B4%B6%E0%B4%A8%E0%B4%82&returnto=%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%9F%E0%B5%BD+%E0%B4%85%E0%B4%9F%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%82" title="ലോഗിൻ ചെയ്യുവാൻ താല്പര്യപ്പെടുന്നു; പക്ഷേ നിർബന്ധമല്ല [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>പ്രവേശിക്കുക</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="കൂടുതൽ ഐച്ഛികങ്ങൾ" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="വ്യക്തിഗത ഉപകരണങ്ങൾ" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">വ്യക്തിഗത ഉപകരണങ്ങൾ</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal" title="User menu" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_ml.wikipedia.org&uselang=ml"><span>ധനസമാഹരണം</span></a></li><li id="pt-contribute" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%87%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%82:Contribute"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-edit mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-edit"></span> <span>തിരുത്തുക</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%87%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%82:%E0%B4%85%E0%B4%82%E0%B4%97%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%AE%E0%B5%86%E0%B4%9F%E0%B5%81%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%BD&returnto=%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%9F%E0%B5%BD+%E0%B4%85%E0%B4%9F%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%82" title="നിർബന്ധമില്ലെങ്കിലും, താങ്കൾ ഒരു അംഗത്വമെടുക്കണമെന്നും പ്രവേശിക്കണമെന്നും താത്പര്യപ്പെടുന്നു"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>അംഗത്വമെടുക്കുക</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%87%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%82:%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%B5%E0%B5%87%E0%B4%B6%E0%B4%A8%E0%B4%82&returnto=%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%9F%E0%B5%BD+%E0%B4%85%E0%B4%9F%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%82" title="ലോഗിൻ ചെയ്യുവാൻ താല്പര്യപ്പെടുന്നു; പക്ഷേ നിർബന്ധമല്ല [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>പ്രവേശിക്കുക</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Pages for logged out editors <a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%B8%E0%B4%B9%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%AF%E0%B4%82:Introduction" aria-label="Learn more about editing"><span>കൂടുതൽ അറിയുക</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%87%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%82:%E0%B4%8E%E0%B4%A8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%86%E0%B4%B8%E0%B4%82%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%A6%E0%B4%82" title="ഈ ഐ.പി. വിലാസത്തിൽനിന്നുള്ള തിരുത്തലുകളെക്കുറിച്ചുള്ള സം‌വാദം [n]" accesskey="n"><span>സംവാദം</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"><div id="mw-dismissablenotice-anonplace"></div><script>(function(){var node=document.getElementById("mw-dismissablenotice-anonplace");if(node){node.outerHTML="\u003Cdiv class=\"mw-dismissable-notice\"\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"mw-dismissable-notice-close\"\u003E[\u003Ca tabindex=\"0\" role=\"button\"\u003Eഒഴിവാക്കുക\u003C/a\u003E]\u003C/div\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"mw-dismissable-notice-body\"\u003E\u003C!-- CentralNotice --\u003E\u003Cdiv id=\"localNotice\" data-nosnippet=\"\"\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"sitenotice\" lang=\"ml\" dir=\"ltr\"\u003E\u003Ctable width=\"100%;\" align=\"center\" style=\"background:#EAF6FD;text-align: center;\"\u003E\n\u003Ctbody\u003E\u003Ctr\u003E\n\u003Ctd\u003E\u003Csmall\u003E\u003Cb\u003EReading Problems?\u003C/b\u003E \u003Ca href=\"/wiki/%E0%B4%B8%E0%B4%B9%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%AF%E0%B4%82:To_Read_in_Malayalam\" title=\"സഹായം:To Read in Malayalam\"\u003E\u003Cb\u003EClick here\u003C/b\u003E\u003C/a\u003E\u003C/small\u003E\n\u003C/td\u003E\u003C/tr\u003E\u003C/tbody\u003E\u003C/table\u003E\n\u003Cdiv style=\"width:98%; margin:5px auto; border: 1px solid #fff640; border-style: outset; box-shadow:2px 2px 4px #aaa; padding:13px 15px; background:linear-gradient(to right, #f0cdd6 1%,#ffffff 29%,#ffffff 68%,#d0f1f9 99%); font-size:1.1em;\"\u003E\n\u003Cfigure class=\"mw-halign-left\" typeof=\"mw:File\"\u003E\u003Ca href=\"/wiki/%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%AE%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%A3%E0%B4%82:Notepad_icon.png\" class=\"mw-file-description\"\u003E\u003Cimg src=\"//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/89/Notepad_icon.png\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"80\" height=\"66\" class=\"mw-file-element\" data-file-width=\"71\" data-file-height=\"59\" /\u003E\u003C/a\u003E\u003Cfigcaption\u003E\u003C/figcaption\u003E\u003C/figure\u003E \n\u003Cfigure class=\"mw-halign-right\" typeof=\"mw:File\"\u003E\u003Ca href=\"/wiki/%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%AE%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%A3%E0%B4%82:WAM_logo_without_text.svg\" class=\"mw-file-description\"\u003E\u003Cimg src=\"//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/WAM_logo_without_text.svg/80px-WAM_logo_without_text.svg.png\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"80\" height=\"86\" class=\"mw-file-element\" srcset=\"//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/WAM_logo_without_text.svg/120px-WAM_logo_without_text.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/WAM_logo_without_text.svg/160px-WAM_logo_without_text.svg.png 2x\" data-file-width=\"800\" data-file-height=\"859\" /\u003E\u003C/a\u003E\u003Cfigcaption\u003E\u003C/figcaption\u003E\u003C/figure\u003E\n\u003Cp style=\"text-align:center;\"\u003E \n\u003Cb\u003E\u003Ca href=\"/wiki/%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%80%E0%B4%A1%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AF:WAM2024\" class=\"mw-redirect\" title=\"വിക്കിപീഡിയ:WAM2024\"\u003Eവിക്കിപീഡിയ എഷ്യൻമാസം 2024\u003C/a\u003E\u003C/b\u003E \u003Cbr /\u003E2015ൽ ആരംഭിച്ച ഏഷ്യയിലുള്ള വിവിധ ഭാഷാസമൂഹങ്ങൾ പങ്കെടുക്കുന്ന ലേഖന രചനായജ്ഞമാണ് വിക്കിപീഡിയ ഏഷ്യൻ മാസം.\u003Cbr /\u003E 1 നവംബർ മുതൽ 30 നവംബർ വരെ \u003Ca href=\"/wiki/%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%80%E0%B4%A1%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AF:WAM2024\" class=\"mw-redirect\" title=\"വിക്കിപീഡിയ:WAM2024\"\u003Eപങ്കുചേരൂ\u003C/a\u003E..\n\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003C/div\u003E \n\u003Cstyle data-mw-deduplicate=\"TemplateStyles:r4107485\"\u003E.mw-parser-output .ombox{margin:4px 0;border-collapse:collapse;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;background-color:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);box-sizing:border-box;color:var(--color-base,#202122)}.mw-parser-output .ombox.mbox-small{font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ombox-speedy{border:2px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ombox-delete{border:2px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ombox-content{border:1px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ombox-style{border:1px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ombox-move{border:1px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ombox-protection{border:2px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ombox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.9em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ombox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ombox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ombox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ombox .mbox-invalid-type{text-align:center}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ombox{margin:4px 10%}.mw-parser-output .ombox.mbox-small{clear:right;float:right;margin:4px 0 4px 1em;width:238px}}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output table.ombox img{max-width:none!important}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ombox-speedy{background-color:#310402}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ombox-speedy{background-color:#310402}}\u003C/style\u003E\u003Ctable class=\"plainlinks ombox ombox-notice\" role=\"presentation\" style=\"\u0026quot;width:90%; margin:0 auto; border: 1px solid #666; padding:10px 15px; background; background:linear-gradient(to bottom, #f7fbfc 0%,#d9edf2 40%,#EAF6FD 100%); font-size:1.1em;\"\u003E\u003Ctbody\u003E\u003Ctr\u003E\u003Ctd class=\"mbox-image\"\u003E\u003Cspan typeof=\"mw:File\"\u003E\u003Ca href=\"/wiki/%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%AE%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%A3%E0%B4%82:Wikisource_laurier.svg\" class=\"mw-file-description\"\u003E\u003Cimg src=\"//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Wikisource_laurier.svg/50px-Wikisource_laurier.svg.png\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"50\" height=\"46\" class=\"mw-file-element\" srcset=\"//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Wikisource_laurier.svg/75px-Wikisource_laurier.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Wikisource_laurier.svg/100px-Wikisource_laurier.svg.png 2x\" data-file-width=\"127\" data-file-height=\"116\" /\u003E\u003C/a\u003E\u003C/span\u003E\u003C/td\u003E\u003Ctd class=\"mbox-text\" style=\"text-align: center;\"\u003Eപള്ളിക്കൂടത്തിലേക്ക് വീണ്ടും \u003Cbr /\u003E പഴയ മലയാളം പാഠപുസ്തകങ്ങൾ ഡിജിറ്റൈസ് ചെയ്യാനുള്ള വിക്കിഗ്രന്ഥശാല പദ്ധതി നടക്കുന്നു. പങ്കെടുക്കുക.\u003Cbr /\u003E\n\u003Cb\u003E\u003Ca rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https://w.wiki/BpRA\"\u003Eകൂടുതൽ വിവരങ്ങൾ\u003C/a\u003E\u003C/b\u003E\u003C/td\u003E\u003C/tr\u003E\u003C/tbody\u003E\u003C/table\u003E\n\u003C/div\u003E\u003C/div\u003E\u003C/div\u003E\u003C/div\u003E";}}());</script></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="സൈറ്റ്"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="ഉള്ളടക്കം" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">ഉള്ളടക്കം</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">സൈഡ്‌ബാറിലേക്ക് മാറ്റുക</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">മറയ്ക്കുക</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">തുടക്കം</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-അവലംബം" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#അവലംബം"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>അവലംബം</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-അവലംബം-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-പുറം_കണ്ണികൾ" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#പുറം_കണ്ണികൾ"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>പുറം കണ്ണികൾ</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-പുറം_കണ്ണികൾ-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="ഉള്ളടക്കം" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">കടൽ അടിവാരം</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 31 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-31" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">31 ഭാഷകൾ</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D8%B7%D8%A7%D9%82_%D9%82%D8%A7%D8%B9%D9%8A" title="نطاق قاعي – അറബിക്" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="نطاق قاعي" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="അറബിക്" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C" title="Бенталь – ബെലാറുഷ്യൻ" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Бенталь" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="ബെലാറുഷ്യൻ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D1%8D%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C" title="Бэнталь – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Бэнталь" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bew mw-list-item"><a href="https://bew.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kedung" title="Kedung – Betawi" lang="bew" hreflang="bew" data-title="Kedung" data-language-autonym="Betawi" data-language-local-name="Betawi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Betawi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zona_bent%C3%B2nica" title="Zona bentònica – കറ്റാലാൻ" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Zona bentònica" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="കറ്റാലാൻ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bentiske_zone" title="Bentiske zone – ഡാനിഷ്" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Bentiske zone" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="ഡാനിഷ്" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benthal" title="Benthal – ജർമ്മൻ" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Benthal" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="ജർമ്മൻ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benthic_zone" title="Benthic zone – ഇംഗ്ലീഷ്" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Benthic zone" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="ഇംഗ്ലീഷ്" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benta_zono" title="Benta zono – എസ്‌പരാന്റോ" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Benta zono" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="എസ്‌പരാന്റോ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zona_b%C3%A9ntica" title="Zona béntica – സ്‌പാനിഷ്" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Zona béntica" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="സ്‌പാനിഷ്" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bentaal" title="Bentaal – എസ്റ്റോണിയൻ" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Bentaal" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="എസ്റ്റോണിയൻ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zona_bentiko" title="Zona bentiko – ബാസ്‌ക്" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Zona bentiko" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="ബാസ്‌ക്" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%AD%DB%8C%D9%87_%D8%AF%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%A7%D8%A8%D9%86" title="ناحیه دریابن – പേർഷ്യൻ" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="ناحیه دریابن" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="പേർഷ്യൻ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comhshaolta_beantacha" title="Comhshaolta beantacha – ഐറിഷ്" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Comhshaolta beantacha" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="ഐറിഷ്" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bental" title="Bental – ക്രൊയേഷ്യൻ" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Bental" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="ക്രൊയേഷ്യൻ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lubuk" title="Lubuk – ഇന്തോനേഷ്യൻ" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Lubuk" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="ഇന്തോനേഷ്യൻ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zona_bentonica" title="Zona bentonica – ഇറ്റാലിയൻ" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Zona bentonica" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="ഇറ്റാലിയൻ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bental%C4%97" title="Bentalė – ലിത്വാനിയൻ" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Bentalė" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="ലിത്വാനിയൻ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB" title="Бентал – മാസിഡോണിയൻ" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Бентал" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="മാസിഡോണിയൻ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bentische_zone" title="Bentische zone – ഡച്ച്" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Bentische zone" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="ഡച്ച്" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no badge-Q70894304 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bentisk_sone" title="Bentisk sone – നോർവീജിയൻ ബുക്‌മൽ" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Bentisk sone" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="നോർവീജിയൻ ബുക്‌മൽ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bental" title="Bental – പോളിഷ്" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Bental" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="പോളിഷ്" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zona_bent%C3%B4nica" title="Zona bentônica – പോർച്ചുഗീസ്" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Zona bentônica" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="പോർച്ചുഗീസ്" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C" title="Бенталь – റഷ്യൻ" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Бенталь" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="റഷ്യൻ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leuwi" title="Leuwi – സുണ്ടാനീസ്" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Leuwi" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="സുണ്ടാനീസ്" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB" title="Бентал – താജിക്" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Бентал" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="താജിക്" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bentik_b%C3%B6lge" title="Bentik bölge – ടർക്കിഷ്" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Bentik bölge" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="ടർക്കിഷ്" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C" title="Бенталь – ഉക്രേനിയൻ" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Бенталь" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ഉക്രേനിയൻ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bental" title="Bental – ഉസ്‌ബെക്ക്" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Bental" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="ഉസ്‌ബെക്ക്" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/V%C3%B9ng_%C4%91%C3%A1y_n%C6%B0%E1%BB%9Bc" title="Vùng đáy nước – വിയറ്റ്നാമീസ്" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Vùng đáy nước" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="വിയറ്റ്നാമീസ്" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%B5%B7%E5%BA%95%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E7%95%8C" title="海底生物界 – ചൈനീസ്" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="海底生物界" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="ചൈനീസ്" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q686881#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="അന്തർഭാഷാ കണ്ണികൾ തിരുത്തുക" class="wbc-editpage">കണ്ണികൾ തിരുത്തുക</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="നാമമേഖലകൾ"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%9F%E0%B5%BD_%E0%B4%85%E0%B4%9F%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%82" title="വിവരദായക താൾ കാണുക [c]" accesskey="c"><span>ലേഖനം</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="new vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B4%B8%E0%B4%82%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%A6%E0%B4%82:%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%9F%E0%B5%BD_%E0%B4%85%E0%B4%9F%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%82&action=edit&redlink=1" rel="discussion" class="new" title="വിവരദായക താളിനെക്കുറിച്ചുള്ള ചർച്ച (ഇതുവരെ എഴുതപ്പെട്ടിട്ടില്ല) [t]" accesskey="t"><span>സംവാദം</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="ഭാഷയുടെ ചരം മാറ്റുക" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">മലയാളം</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="ദർശനീയത"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%9F%E0%B5%BD_%E0%B4%85%E0%B4%9F%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%82"><span>വായിക്കുക</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%9F%E0%B5%BD_%E0%B4%85%E0%B4%9F%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%82&action=edit" title="ഈ താളിന്റെ മൂലരൂപം തിരുത്തുക [e]" accesskey="e"><span>തിരുത്തുക</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%9F%E0%B5%BD_%E0%B4%85%E0%B4%9F%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%82&action=history" title="ഈ താളിന്റെ പഴയ പതിപ്പുകൾ [h]" accesskey="h"><span>നാൾവഴി കാണുക</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="ഉപകരണങ്ങൾ" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">ഉപകരണങ്ങൾ</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">ഉപകരണങ്ങൾ</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">സൈഡ്‌ബാറിലേക്ക് മാറ്റുക</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">മറയ്ക്കുക</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="More options" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Actions </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%9F%E0%B5%BD_%E0%B4%85%E0%B4%9F%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%82"><span>വായിക്കുക</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%9F%E0%B5%BD_%E0%B4%85%E0%B4%9F%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%82&action=edit" title="ഈ താളിന്റെ മൂലരൂപം തിരുത്തുക [e]" accesskey="e"><span>തിരുത്തുക</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%9F%E0%B5%BD_%E0%B4%85%E0%B4%9F%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%82&action=history"><span>നാൾവഴി കാണുക</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> സാർവത്രികം </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%87%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%82:%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%A3%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A3%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%B3%E0%B5%86%E0%B4%A8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%86%E0%B4%B2%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B2%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%82/%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%9F%E0%B5%BD_%E0%B4%85%E0%B4%9F%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%82" title="ഈ താളിലേക്കു കണ്ണിയാൽ ബന്ധിപ്പിക്കപ്പെട്ടിരിക്കുന്ന എല്ലാ വിക്കി താളുകളുടേയും പട്ടിക. [j]" accesskey="j"><span>ഈ താളിലേക്കുള്ള കണ്ണികൾ</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%87%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%82:%E0%B4%AC%E0%B4%A8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A7%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%86%E0%B4%9F%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%9F_%E0%B4%AE%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B1%E0%B4%99%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%99%E0%B5%BE/%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%9F%E0%B5%BD_%E0%B4%85%E0%B4%9F%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%82" rel="nofollow" title="താളുകളിലെ പുതിയ മാറ്റങ്ങൾ [k]" accesskey="k"><span>അനുബന്ധ മാറ്റങ്ങൾ</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/വിക്കിപീഡിയ:അപ്‌ലോഡ്" title="പ്രമാണങ്ങൾ അപ്‌ലോഡ് ചെയ്യുവാൻ [u]" accesskey="u"><span>അപ്‌ലോഡ്‌</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%87%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%82:%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%87%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%A4%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B3%E0%B5%81%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%BE" title="പ്രത്യേകതാളുകളുടെ പട്ടിക [q]" accesskey="q"><span>പ്രത്യേക താളുകൾ</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%9F%E0%B5%BD_%E0%B4%85%E0%B4%9F%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%82&oldid=3266213" title="താളിന്റെ ഈ പതിപ്പിന്റെ സ്ഥിരം കണ്ണി"><span>സ്ഥിരംകണ്ണി</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%9F%E0%B5%BD_%E0%B4%85%E0%B4%9F%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%82&action=info" title="ഈ താളിനെക്കുറിച്ചുള്ള കൂടുതൽ വിവരങ്ങൾ"><span>താളിന്റെ വിവരങ്ങൾ</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%87%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%82:%E0%B4%85%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%B2%E0%B4%82%E0%B4%AC%E0%B4%82&page=%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%9F%E0%B5%BD_%E0%B4%85%E0%B4%9F%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%82&id=3266213&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="ഈ താളിനെ എങ്ങനെ അവലംബിതമാക്കാം എന്ന വിവരങ്ങൾ"><span>ഈ താൾ ഉദ്ധരിക്കുക</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%87%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%82:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fml.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2F%25E0%25B4%2595%25E0%25B4%259F%25E0%25B5%25BD_%25E0%25B4%2585%25E0%25B4%259F%25E0%25B4%25BF%25E0%25B4%25B5%25E0%25B4%25BE%25E0%25B4%25B0%25E0%25B4%2582"><span>ചെറുതാക്കിയ യൂ.ആർ.എൽ. ലഭ്യമാക്കുക</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%87%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%82:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fml.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2F%25E0%25B4%2595%25E0%25B4%259F%25E0%25B5%25BD_%25E0%25B4%2585%25E0%25B4%259F%25E0%25B4%25BF%25E0%25B4%25B5%25E0%25B4%25BE%25E0%25B4%25B0%25E0%25B4%2582"><span>ക്യൂആർ കോഡ് ഡൗൺലോഡ് ചെയ്യുക</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> അച്ചടിയ്ക്കുക/കയറ്റുമതി ചെയ്യുക </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-create_a_book" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%87%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%82:%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%81%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A4%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%82&bookcmd=book_creator&referer=%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%9F%E0%B5%BD+%E0%B4%85%E0%B4%9F%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%82"><span>പുസ്തകം സൃഷ്ടിക്കുക</span></a></li><li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%87%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%82:DownloadAsPdf&page=%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%9F%E0%B5%BD_%E0%B4%85%E0%B4%9F%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%82&action=show-download-screen"><span>PDF ആയി ഡൗൺലോഡ് ചെയ്യുക</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%9F%E0%B5%BD_%E0%B4%85%E0%B4%9F%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%82&printable=yes" title="ഈ താളിന്റെ അച്ചടി രൂപം [p]" accesskey="p"><span>അച്ചടിരൂപം</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> ഇതരപദ്ധതികളിൽ </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Benthic_zones" hreflang="en"><span>വിക്കിമീഡിയ കോമൺസ്</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q686881" title="ബന്ധപ്പെട്ട ഡേറ്റാ ശേഖര ഇനത്തിലേയ്ക്കുള്ള കണ്ണി [g]" accesskey="g"><span>വിക്കിഡേറ്റ ഇനം</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="ദൃശ്യരൂപം"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">ദൃശ്യരൂപം</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">സൈഡ്‌ബാറിലേക്ക് മാറ്റുക</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">മറയ്ക്കുക</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">വിക്കിപീഡിയ, ഒരു സ്വതന്ത്ര വിജ്ഞാനകോശം.</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="ml" dir="ltr"><div class="nomobile"> <div id="purl" class="NavFrame collapsed" style="float: right; font-size: 85%; position: absolute; top: -4em; right: 0; width: auto; background: #eae9e9;"> <div class="NavHead" style="padding: 1px 8px;"><b><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benthic_zone">ഇംഗ്ലീഷ് വിലാസം</a></span> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%AB%E0%B4%B2%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%82:Prettyurl#ഉപയോഗക്രമം" title="സഹായം"><img alt="സഹായം" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Gtk-dialog-question.svg/12px-Gtk-dialog-question.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Gtk-dialog-question.svg/18px-Gtk-dialog-question.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Gtk-dialog-question.svg/24px-Gtk-dialog-question.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="60" data-file-height="60" /></a></span></b> </div> <div class="NavContent" style="background:#eae9e9; width:auto"><span class="plainlinks" style="white-space:nowrap; overflow: hidden"><a class="external free" href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benthic_zone">https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benthic_zone</a></span> </div> </div> </div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r3767046">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}html.client-js body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .mbox-text-span{margin-left:23px!important}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}</style><table class="plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%AE%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%A3%E0%B4%82:Ambox_rewrite_gold.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Ambox_rewrite_gold.svg/50px-Ambox_rewrite_gold.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="50" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Ambox_rewrite_gold.svg/75px-Ambox_rewrite_gold.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Ambox_rewrite_gold.svg/100px-Ambox_rewrite_gold.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="620" data-file-height="620" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">ഈ ലേഖനം പ്രതിപാദ്യവിഷയത്തെക്കുറിച്ച് പ്രാഥമികവിവരങ്ങൾ പോലും നൽകാത്ത <b>ഒറ്റവരിലേഖനമായി 2013 ഏപ്രിൽ മുതൽ തുടരുന്നു.</b> കൂടുതൽ വിവരങ്ങൾ ചേർത്ത് ഈ ലേഖനത്തെ <b>വികസിപ്പിക്കാൻ</b> സഹകരിക്കുക.</div></td></tr></tbody></table><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r3767046"><table class="plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%AE%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%A3%E0%B4%82:Question_book-3.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Question_book-3.svg/50px-Question_book-3.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Question_book-3.svg/75px-Question_book-3.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Question_book-3.svg/100px-Question_book-3.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="252" data-file-height="199" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span"><span class="plainlinks"><b>ഈ ലേഖനം ഏതെങ്കിലും <a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%80%E0%B4%A1%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AF:%E0%B4%AA%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%B6%E0%B5%8B%E0%B4%A7%E0%B4%A8%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%8B%E0%B4%97%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AF%E0%B4%A4" title="വിക്കിപീഡിയ:പരിശോധനായോഗ്യത">സ്രോതസ്സുകളിൽ നിന്നുള്ള</a> വേണ്ടത്ര <a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%80%E0%B4%A1%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AF:%E0%B4%85%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%B2%E0%B4%82%E0%B4%AC%E0%B4%99%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%99%E0%B5%BE_%E0%B4%89%E0%B4%A6%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A7%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%87%E0%B4%A3%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%9F%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%86%E0%B4%99%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%99%E0%B4%A8%E0%B5%86" title="വിക്കിപീഡിയ:അവലംബങ്ങൾ ഉദ്ധരിക്കേണ്ടതെങ്ങനെ">തെളിവുകൾ</a> ഉൾക്കൊള്ളുന്നില്ല.</b> <small></small><br /><small>ദയവായി <a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%80%E0%B4%A1%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AF:%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%B6%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%B8%E0%B4%A8%E0%B5%80%E0%B4%AF%E0%B4%AE%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%AF_%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B5%8B%E0%B4%A4%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%81%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%BE_%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%A3%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%9F%E0%B5%81%E0%B4%AA%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%9F%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%81%E0%B4%A8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A8%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8D" title="വിക്കിപീഡിയ:വിശ്വസനീയമായ സ്രോതസ്സുകൾ കണ്ടുപിടിക്കുന്നത്">യോഗ്യങ്ങളായ സ്രോതസ്സുകളിൽ</a> നിന്നുമുള്ള അവലംബങ്ങൾ ചേർത്ത് <a class="external text" href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%9F%E0%B5%BD_%E0%B4%85%E0%B4%9F%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%82&action=edit">ലേഖനം മെച്ചപ്പെടുത്തുക</a>. <a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%80%E0%B4%A1%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AF:%E0%B4%AA%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%B6%E0%B5%8B%E0%B4%A7%E0%B4%A8%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%8B%E0%B4%97%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AF%E0%B4%A4" title="വിക്കിപീഡിയ:പരിശോധനായോഗ്യത">അവലംബമില്ലാത്ത</a> വസ്തുതകൾ ചോദ്യം ചെയ്യപ്പെടുകയും നീക്കപ്പെടുകയും ചെയ്തേക്കാം.</small></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r3744271">.mw-parser-output .sidebar{width:22em;float:right;clear:right;margin:0.5em 0 1em 1em;background:#f8f9fa;border:1px solid #aaa;padding:0.2em;text-align:center;line-height:1.4em;font-size:88%;border-collapse:collapse;display:table}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:table!important;float:right!important;margin:0.5em 0 1em 1em!important}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-subgroup{width:100%;margin:0;border-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-left{float:left;clear:left;margin:0.5em 1em 1em 0}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-none{float:none;clear:both;margin:0.5em 1em 1em 0}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-outer-title{padding:0 0.4em 0.2em;font-size:125%;line-height:1.2em;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-top-image{padding:0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-top-caption,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-pretitle-with-top-image,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-caption{padding:0.2em 0.4em 0;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-pretitle{padding:0.4em 0.4em 0;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-title,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{padding:0.2em 0.8em;font-size:145%;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{padding:0.1em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-image{padding:0.2em 0.4em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-heading{padding:0.1em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-content{padding:0 0.5em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-content-with-subgroup{padding:0.1em 0.4em 0.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-above,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-below{padding:0.3em 0.8em;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-collapse .sidebar-above,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-collapse .sidebar-below{border-top:1px solid #aaa;border-bottom:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-navbar{text-align:right;font-size:115%;padding:0 0.4em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-list-title{padding:0 0.4em;text-align:left;font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6em;font-size:105%}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-list-title-c{padding:0 0.4em;text-align:center;margin:0 3.3em}@media(max-width:720px){body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .sidebar{width:100%!important;clear:both;float:none!important;margin-left:0!important;margin-right:0!important}}</style><table class="sidebar nomobile nowraplinks plainlist"><tbody><tr><th class="sidebar-title"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%9F%E0%B5%BD_%E0%B4%86%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B8_%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%87%E0%B4%A8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A6%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%99%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%99%E0%B5%BE&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="കടൽ ആവാസ കേന്ദ്രങ്ങൾ (ഇതുവരെ എഴുതപ്പെട്ടിട്ടില്ല)">കടൽ ആവാസ കേന്ദ്രങ്ങൾ</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%AE%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%A3%E0%B4%82:Benthic_GLERL_1.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Benthic_GLERL_1.jpg/220px-Benthic_GLERL_1.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="173" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Benthic_GLERL_1.jpg/330px-Benthic_GLERL_1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Benthic_GLERL_1.jpg/440px-Benthic_GLERL_1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="628" /></a></span><div class="sidebar-caption">കടൽ അടിവാരത്തെ ജീവികൾ ; ഭൂതകണ്ണാടിയിലൂടെയുള്ള ദൃശ്യം</div></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="text-align: left"> <ul> <li style="border-left: 20px solid powderblue; line-height: 18px; padding-left: 0.7em"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%80%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%B8%E0%B4%AE%E0%B5%81%E0%B4%A6%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%82" title="തീരസമുദ്രം">തീരസമുദ്രം</a></li> <li style="border-left: 20px solid lightblue; line-height: 18px; padding-left: 0.7em"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%B5%E0%B5%87%E0%B4%B2%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A4%E0%B4%9F%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%9F%E0%B5%81%E0%B5%8D" title="വേലിത്തട്ടു്">വേലിത്തട്ടു്</a></li> <li style="border-left: 20px solid skyblue; line-height: 18px; padding-left: 0.7em"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%85%E0%B4%B4%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AE%E0%B5%81%E0%B4%96%E0%B4%82" title="അഴിമുഖം">അഴിമുഖങ്ങൾ</a></li> <li style="border-left: 20px solid skyblue; line-height: 18px; padding-left: 0.7em"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%9F%E0%B5%BD_%E0%B4%AA%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%BD%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%9F%E0%B5%81%E0%B5%8D" title="കടൽ പായൽകാടു്">കടൽ പായൽകാടുകൾ</a></li> <li style="border-left: 20px solid deepskyblue; line-height: 18px; padding-left: 0.7em"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%AA%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%B4%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%81%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%8D" title="പവിഴപ്പുറ്റ്">പവിഴപ്പുറ്റുകൾ</a></li> <li style="border-left: 20px solid dodgerblue; line-height: 18px; padding-left: 0.7em"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%9F%E0%B5%BD%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AA%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8D" class="mw-redirect" title="കടൽപ്പരപ്പ്">കടൽപ്പരപ്പ്</a></li> <li style="border-left: 20px solid dodgerblue; line-height: 18px; padding-left: 0.7em"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B4%AD%E0%B5%82%E0%B4%96%E0%B4%A3%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A1_%E0%B4%85%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%81%E0%B5%8D&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ഭൂഖണ്ഡ അരികു് (ഇതുവരെ എഴുതപ്പെട്ടിട്ടില്ല)">ഭൂഖണ്ഡ അരികു്</a></li> <li style="border-left: 20px solid royalblue; line-height: 18px; padding-left: 0.7em"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B4%AD%E0%B5%82%E0%B4%96%E0%B4%A3%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A1%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A4%E0%B4%9F%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%9F%E0%B5%81%E0%B5%8D&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ഭൂഖണ്ഡത്തട്ടു് (ഇതുവരെ എഴുതപ്പെട്ടിട്ടില്ല)">ഭൂഖണ്ഡത്തട്ടു്</a></li> <li style="border-left: 20px solid royalblue; line-height: 18px; padding-left: 0.7em"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%9F%E0%B4%B2%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%9F%E0%B5%81%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D" title="കടലിടുക്ക്">കടലിടുക്ക്</a></li> <li style="border-left: 20px solid royalblue; line-height: 18px; padding-left: 0.7em"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%81%E0%B4%B1%E0%B4%82%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%9F%E0%B5%BD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="പുറംകടൽ (ഇതുവരെ എഴുതപ്പെട്ടിട്ടില്ല)">പുറംകടൽ</a></li> <li style="border-left: 20px solid mediumblue; line-height: 18px; padding-left: 0.7em"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%86%E0%B4%B4%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%9F%E0%B5%BD" title="ആഴക്കടൽ">ആഴക്കടൽ</a></li> <li style="border-left: 20px solid darkblue; line-height: 18px; padding-left: 0.7em"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%9F%E0%B5%BD%E0%B4%AE%E0%B4%B2%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%BE&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="കടൽമലകൾ (ഇതുവരെ എഴുതപ്പെട്ടിട്ടില്ല)">കടൽമലകൾ</a></li> <li style="border-left: 20px solid indigo; line-height: 18px; padding-left: 0.7em"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%9C%E0%B4%B2%E0%B4%A4%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%AA_%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%B3%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B3%E0%B4%B2%E0%B5%81%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%BE" title="ജലതാപ വിള്ളലുകൾ">ജലതാപ വിള്ളലുകൾ</a></li> <li style="border-left: 20px solid navy; line-height: 18px; padding-left: 0.7em"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%A4%E0%B4%A3%E0%B5%81%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A4_%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%9F%E0%B5%BD_%E0%B4%89%E0%B4%B1%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%BE" title="തണുത്ത കടൽ ഉറവകൾ">തണുത്ത കടൽ ഉറവകൾ</a></li> <li style="border-left: 20px solid navy; line-height: 18px; padding-left: 0.7em"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%86%E0%B5%BD%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8D_%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%A8%E0%B4%99%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%99%E0%B5%BE" title="കെൽപ്പ് വനങ്ങൾ">കെൽപ്പ് വനങ്ങൾ</a></li> <li style="border-left: 20px solid midnightblue; line-height: 18px; padding-left: 0.7em"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%85%E0%B4%9F%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%9F%E0%B5%BD" title="അടിക്കടൽ">അടിക്കടൽ</a></li> <li style="border-left: 20px solid black; line-height: 18px; padding-left: 0.7em"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">കടൽ അടിവാരം</a></li> </ul></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r3859918">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r4123622">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%AB%E0%B4%B2%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%82:Ocean_habitat_topics" title="ഫലകം:Ocean habitat topics"><abbr title="ഫലകം കാണുക">ക</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B4%AB%E0%B4%B2%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A4%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%A8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%86_%E0%B4%B8%E0%B4%82%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%A6%E0%B4%82:Ocean_habitat_topics&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ഫലകത്തിന്റെ സംവാദം:Ocean habitat topics (ഇതുവരെ എഴുതപ്പെട്ടിട്ടില്ല)"><abbr title="ഫലകത്തിന്റെ സംവാദതാൾ">സ</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%87%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%82:EditPage/%E0%B4%AB%E0%B4%B2%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%82:Ocean_habitat_topics" title="പ്രത്യേകം:EditPage/ഫലകം:Ocean habitat topics"><abbr title="ഫലകം തിരുത്തുക">തി</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>സമുദ്രത്തിലെ ഏറ്റവും താഴെ <a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%9F%E0%B5%BD_%E0%B4%85%E0%B4%9F%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A4%E0%B4%9F%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%9F%E0%B5%8D" title="കടൽ അടിത്തട്ട്">കടൽ അടിത്തട്ടിനോടു്</a> ചേർന്നു് കിടക്കുന്ന ജൈവമേഖലയാണു് <b>കടൽ അടിവാരം</b>.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="അവലംബം"><span id=".E0.B4.85.E0.B4.B5.E0.B4.B2.E0.B4.82.E0.B4.AC.E0.B4.82"></span>അവലംബം</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%9F%E0%B5%BD_%E0%B4%85%E0%B4%9F%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%82&action=edit&section=1" title="ഉപവിഭാഗം തിരുത്തുക: അവലംബം"><span>തിരുത്തുക</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r4123591">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#3a3;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}</style><cite id="CITEREFWetzel2001" class="citation book cs1">Wetzel, Robert G. (2001). <i>Limnology: Lake and River Ecosystems, 3rd edn</i>. Academic Press, San Diego. pp. 635–637.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Limnology%3A+Lake+and+River+Ecosystems%2C+3rd+edn.&rft.pages=635-637&rft.pub=Academic+Press%2C+San+Diego&rft.date=2001&rft.aulast=Wetzel&rft.aufirst=Robert+G.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fml.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%9F%E0%B5%BD+%E0%B4%85%E0%B4%9F%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%82" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-2">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r4123591"><cite id="CITEREFFenchelKingBlackburn2012" class="citation book cs1">Fenchel, T.; King, G.; Blackburn, T. H. (2012). <i>Bacterial Biogeochemistry: The Ecophysiology of Mineral Cycling, 3rd edn</i>. Academic Press, London. pp. 121–122.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Bacterial+Biogeochemistry%3A+The+Ecophysiology+of+Mineral+Cycling%2C+3rd+edn.&rft.pages=121-122&rft.pub=Academic+Press%2C+London&rft.date=2012&rft.aulast=Fenchel&rft.aufirst=T.&rft.au=King%2C+G.&rft.au=Blackburn%2C+T.+H.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fml.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%9F%E0%B5%BD+%E0%B4%85%E0%B4%9F%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%82" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="പുറം_കണ്ണികൾ"><span id=".E0.B4.AA.E0.B5.81.E0.B4.B1.E0.B4.82_.E0.B4.95.E0.B4.A3.E0.B5.8D.E0.B4.A3.E0.B4.BF.E0.B4.95.E0.B5.BE"></span>പുറം കണ്ണികൾ</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%9F%E0%B5%BD_%E0%B4%85%E0%B4%9F%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%82&action=edit&section=2" title="ഉപവിഭാഗം തിരുത്തുക: പുറം കണ്ണികൾ"><span>തിരുത്തുക</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r3877320">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:#f9f9f9;display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r3859926">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Benthic_zones" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Benthic zones">Benthic zones</a></span> എന്ന വിഷയവുമായി ബന്ധപ്പെട്ട ചിത്രങ്ങൾ വിക്കിമീഡിയ കോമൺസിലുണ്ട്.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.dassh.ac.uk">Data Archive for Seabed Species and Habitats</a> from the UK Marine Data Archive Centre</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r3859918"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r4107403">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="ഭൂമിശാസ്ത്രപദസൂചികൾ" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r3859918"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r4123622"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%AB%E0%B4%B2%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%82:%E0%B4%AD%E0%B5%82%E0%B4%AE%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%B6%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%AA%E0%B4%A6%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%82%E0%B4%9A%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%BE" title="ഫലകം:ഭൂമിശാസ്ത്രപദസൂചികൾ"><abbr title="ഫലകം കാണുക">ക</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B4%AB%E0%B4%B2%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A4%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%A8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%86_%E0%B4%B8%E0%B4%82%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%A6%E0%B4%82:%E0%B4%AD%E0%B5%82%E0%B4%AE%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%B6%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%AA%E0%B4%A6%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%82%E0%B4%9A%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%BE&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ഫലകത്തിന്റെ സംവാദം:ഭൂമിശാസ്ത്രപദസൂചികൾ (ഇതുവരെ എഴുതപ്പെട്ടിട്ടില്ല)"><abbr title="ഫലകത്തിന്റെ സംവാദതാൾ">സ</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%87%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%82:EditPage/%E0%B4%AB%E0%B4%B2%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%82:%E0%B4%AD%E0%B5%82%E0%B4%AE%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%B6%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%AA%E0%B4%A6%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%82%E0%B4%9A%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%BE" title="പ്രത്യേകം:EditPage/ഫലകം:ഭൂമിശാസ്ത്രപദസൂചികൾ"><abbr title="ഫലകം തിരുത്തുക">തി</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="ഭൂമിശാസ്ത്രപദസൂചികൾ" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">ഭൂമിശാസ്ത്രപദസൂചികൾ</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">ഭൂപ്രകൃതികൾ</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%85%E0%B4%97%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A8%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%BC%E0%B4%B5%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%A4%E0%B4%82" title="അഗ്നിപർവ്വതം">അഗ്നിപർവ്വതം </a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%85%E0%B4%9F%E0%B5%8B%E0%B4%B2%E0%B5%81%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%BE" title="അടോലുകൾ">അടോലുകൾ </a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%85%E0%B4%B4%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AE%E0%B5%81%E0%B4%96%E0%B4%82" title="അഴിമുഖം">അഴിമുഖം </a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%87%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%81%E0%B4%AE%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D" title="ഇസ്തുമസ്">ഇസ്തുമസ്</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%89%E0%B4%AA%E0%B4%A6%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B5%E0%B5%80%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8D" title="ഉപദ്വീപ്">ഉപദ്വീപ് </a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%8E%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%BD_%E0%B4%B8%E0%B4%AE%E0%B4%A4%E0%B4%B2%E0%B4%82" title="എക്കൽ സമതലം">എക്കൽ സമതലം</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%81%E0%B4%A8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A8%E0%B5%8D" title="കുന്ന്">കുന്ന് </a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">കടൽ അടിവാരം</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%9F%E0%B5%BD_%E0%B4%85%E0%B4%9F%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A4%E0%B4%9F%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%9F%E0%B5%8D" title="കടൽ അടിത്തട്ട്">കടൽ അടിത്തട്ട്</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%9F%E0%B4%B2%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%9F%E0%B5%81%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D" title="കടലിടുക്ക്">കടലിടുക്ക്</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%97%E0%B5%81%E0%B4%B9" title="ഗുഹ">ഗുഹ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%A1%E0%B5%86%E0%B5%BD%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B1" class="mw-redirect" title="ഡെൽറ്റ">ഡെൽറ്റ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%81%E0%B4%A8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A6%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0" title="തുന്ദ്ര">തുന്ദ്ര </a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%A4%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B4%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%B0" class="mw-redirect" title="താഴ്വര">താഴ്വര</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%A6%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B5%E0%B5%80%E0%B4%AA%E0%B4%B8%E0%B4%AE%E0%B5%82%E0%B4%B9%E0%B4%82" title="ദ്വീപസമൂഹം">ദ്വീപസമൂഹം</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%A6%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B5%E0%B5%80%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8D%E2%80%8C" class="mw-redirect" title="ദ്വീപ്‌">ദ്വീപ്‌ </a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%BC%E0%B4%B5%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%A4%E0%B4%82" title="പർവ്വതം">പർവ്വതം</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%AA%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%B4%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%81%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%8D" title="പവിഴപ്പുറ്റ്">പവിഴപ്പുറ്റ്</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%80%E0%B4%A0%E0%B4%AD%E0%B5%82%E0%B4%AE%E0%B4%BF" title="പീഠഭൂമി">പീഠഭൂമി </a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%AF%E0%B4%B1%E0%B4%BF" title="പ്രയറി">പ്രയറി</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%AA%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%AE%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AA%E0%B4%BE" title="പാമ്പാ">പാമ്പാ</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%B3%E0%B4%AF_%E0%B4%B8%E0%B4%AE%E0%B4%A4%E0%B4%B2%E0%B4%82&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="പ്രളയ സമതലം (ഇതുവരെ എഴുതപ്പെട്ടിട്ടില്ല)">പ്രളയ സമതലം </a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%AE%E0%B4%A3%E0%B5%BD%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%81%E0%B4%A8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A8%E0%B5%8D%E2%80%8C" title="മണൽക്കുന്ന്‌">മണൽക്കുന്ന്‌ </a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%AE%E0%B4%B0%E0%B5%81%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AA%E0%B4%9A%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%9A" title="മരുപ്പച്ച">മരുപ്പച്ച</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%AE%E0%B4%B0%E0%B5%81%E0%B4%AD%E0%B5%82%E0%B4%AE%E0%B4%BF" title="മരുഭൂമി">മരുഭൂമി</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%B2%E0%B4%97%E0%B5%82%E0%B5%BA" title="ലഗൂൺ">ലഗൂൺ </a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%B2%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%BE_%E0%B4%B8%E0%B4%AE%E0%B4%A4%E0%B4%B2%E0%B4%82" title="ലാവാ സമതലം">ലാവാ സമതലം</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%B8%E0%B4%AE%E0%B4%A4%E0%B4%B2%E0%B4%82" title="സമതലം">സമതലം </a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%B8%E0%B4%B5%E0%B5%87%E0%B4%A8" title="സവേന">സവേന </a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%86%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8D" title="സ്റ്റെപ്">സ്റ്റെപ്</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%B9%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AE%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%A8%E0%B4%BF" title="ഹിമാനി">ഹിമാനി</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B4%9A%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%81%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%81%E0%B4%A8%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%B2%E0%B4%82&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ചതുപ്പുനിലം (ഇതുവരെ എഴുതപ്പെട്ടിട്ടില്ല)">ചതുപ്പുനിലം</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%86%E0%B5%BB%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%87%E0%B4%B2%E0%B4%BF%E0%B5%BB_%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%81%E0%B4%B3%E0%B4%82" title="ആൻകേലിൻ കുളം">ആൻകേലിൻ കുളം </a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%80%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%A6%E0%B5%87%E0%B4%B6_%E0%B4%B8%E0%B4%AE%E0%B4%A4%E0%B4%B2%E0%B4%82" title="തീരദേശ സമതലം">തീരദേശ സമതലം </a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Continental_margin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Continental margin (ഇതുവരെ എഴുതപ്പെട്ടിട്ടില്ല)">Continental margin </a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%B5%E0%B5%BB%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A4%E0%B4%9F%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%9F%E0%B5%8D" title="വൻകരത്തട്ട്">വൻകരത്തട്ട്</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%85%E0%B4%97%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%A7%E0%B4%AE%E0%B5%87%E0%B4%96%E0%B4%B2" title="അഗാധമേഖല">അഗാധമേഖല</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8B%E0%B4%B5%E0%B5%8D" title="കോവ്">കോവ് </a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%AB%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AF%E0%B4%BE%E0%B5%BC%E0%B4%A1%E0%B5%8D" title="ഫ്യാർഡ്">ഫ്യാർഡ്</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%AB%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%8B%E0%B5%BC%E0%B4%A1%E0%B5%8D" title="ഫ്യോർഡ്">ഫ്യോർഡ് </a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Islet&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Islet (ഇതുവരെ എഴുതപ്പെട്ടിട്ടില്ല)">Islet </a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tidal_island&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tidal island (ഇതുവരെ എഴുതപ്പെട്ടിട്ടില്ല)">Tidal island </a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tide_pool&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tide pool (ഇതുവരെ എഴുതപ്പെട്ടിട്ടില്ല)">Tide pool </a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Butte&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Butte (ഇതുവരെ എഴുതപ്പെട്ടിട്ടില്ല)">Butte </a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="4" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%AE%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%A3%E0%B4%82:Accreting_coast_Image6.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Coastal and oceanic landforms"><img alt="Coastal and oceanic landforms" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Accreting_coast_Image6.svg/140px-Accreting_coast_Image6.svg.png" decoding="async" width="140" height="66" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Accreting_coast_Image6.svg/210px-Accreting_coast_Image6.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Accreting_coast_Image6.svg/280px-Accreting_coast_Image6.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1481" data-file-height="697" /></a></span><br /><br /><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%AE%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%A3%E0%B4%82:Fernando_noronha.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Dois Irmãos - Fernando de Noronha"><img alt="Dois Irmãos - Fernando de Noronha" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Fernando_noronha.jpg/140px-Fernando_noronha.jpg" decoding="async" width="140" height="105" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Fernando_noronha.jpg/210px-Fernando_noronha.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Fernando_noronha.jpg/280px-Fernando_noronha.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="768" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%83%E0%B4%A4%E0%B4%BF" title="പ്രകൃതി">പ്രകൃതി</a> പ്രവർത്തനങ്ങൾ</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%85%E0%B4%AA%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%A6%E0%B4%A8%E0%B4%82" title="അപരദനം">അപരദനം</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%89%E0%B4%B0%E0%B5%81%E0%B5%BE%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8A%E0%B4%9F%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%9F%E0%B5%BD" title="ഉരുൾപൊട്ടൽ">ഉരുൾപൊട്ടൽ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%9F%E0%B4%B2%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%AE%E0%B4%A3%E0%B4%82" title="കടലാക്രമണം">കടലാക്രമണം</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%A4%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%B0" title="തിര">തിര</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%AD%E0%B5%82%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%AE%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AA%E0%B4%82" title="ഭൂകമ്പം">ഭൂകമ്പം</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%AE%E0%B4%A3%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A3%E0%B5%8A%E0%B4%B2%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8D" title="മണ്ണൊലിപ്പ്">മണ്ണൊലിപ്പ്</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Coastal_biogeomorphology&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Coastal biogeomorphology (ഇതുവരെ എഴുതപ്പെട്ടിട്ടില്ല)">Coastal biogeomorphology</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Concordant_coastline&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Concordant coastline (ഇതുവരെ എഴുതപ്പെട്ടിട്ടില്ല)">Concordant coastline</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Current_(stream)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Current (stream) (ഇതുവരെ എഴുതപ്പെട്ടിട്ടില്ല)">Current</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cuspate_foreland&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cuspate foreland (ഇതുവരെ എഴുതപ്പെട്ടിട്ടില്ല)">Cuspate foreland</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Discordant_coastline&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Discordant coastline (ഇതുവരെ എഴുതപ്പെട്ടിട്ടില്ല)">Discordant coastline</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Emergent_coastline&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Emergent coastline (ഇതുവരെ എഴുതപ്പെട്ടിട്ടില്ല)">Emergent coastline</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Feeder_bluff&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Feeder bluff (ഇതുവരെ എഴുതപ്പെട്ടിട്ടില്ല)">Feeder bluff</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fetch_(geography)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fetch (geography) (ഇതുവരെ എഴുതപ്പെട്ടിട്ടില്ല)">Fetch</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Headlands_and_bays&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Headlands and bays (ഇതുവരെ എഴുതപ്പെട്ടിട്ടില്ല)">Headlands and bays</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Large-scale_coastal_behaviour&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Large-scale coastal behaviour (ഇതുവരെ എഴുതപ്പെട്ടിട്ടില്ല)">Large-scale coastal behaviour</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Longshore_drift&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Longshore drift (ഇതുവരെ എഴുതപ്പെട്ടിട്ടില്ല)">Longshore drift</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Marine_regression&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Marine regression (ഇതുവരെ എഴുതപ്പെട്ടിട്ടില്ല)">Marine regression</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Marine_transgression&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Marine transgression (ഇതുവരെ എഴുതപ്പെട്ടിട്ടില്ല)">Marine transgression</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rip_current&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rip current (ഇതുവരെ എഴുതപ്പെട്ടിട്ടില്ല)">Rip current</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sea_cave&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sea cave (ഇതുവരെ എഴുതപ്പെട്ടിട്ടില്ല)">Sea cave</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sea_foam&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sea foam (ഇതുവരെ എഴുതപ്പെട്ടിട്ടില്ല)">Sea foam</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shoal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Shoal (ഇതുവരെ എഴുതപ്പെട്ടിട്ടില്ല)">Shoal</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spit_(landform)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Spit (landform) (ഇതുവരെ എഴുതപ്പെട്ടിട്ടില്ല)">Spit</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Submergent_coastline&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Submergent coastline (ഇതുവരെ എഴുതപ്പെട്ടിട്ടില്ല)">Submergent coastline</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Surf_break&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Surf break (ഇതുവരെ എഴുതപ്പെട്ടിട്ടില്ല)">Surf break</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Surf_zone&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Surf zone (ഇതുവരെ എഴുതപ്പെട്ടിട്ടില്ല)">Surf zone</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Surge_channel&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Surge channel (ഇതുവരെ എഴുതപ്പെട്ടിട്ടില്ല)">Surge channel</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Swash&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Swash (ഇതുവരെ എഴുതപ്പെട്ടിട്ടില്ല)">Swash</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Undertow_(water_waves)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Undertow (water waves) (ഇതുവരെ എഴുതപ്പെട്ടിട്ടില്ല)">Undertow</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Volcanic_arc&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Volcanic arc (ഇതുവരെ എഴുതപ്പെട്ടിട്ടില്ല)">Volcanic arc</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wave-cut_platform&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Wave-cut platform (ഇതുവരെ എഴുതപ്പെട്ടിട്ടില്ല)">Wave-cut platform</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wave_shoaling&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Wave shoaling (ഇതുവരെ എഴുതപ്പെട്ടിട്ടില്ല)">Wave shoaling</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wrack_zone&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Wrack zone (ഇതുവരെ എഴുതപ്പെട്ടിട്ടില്ല)">Wrack zone</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">ജലാശയങ്ങൾ</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B4%89%E0%B5%BE%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%9F%E0%B5%BD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ഉൾക്കടൽ (ഇതുവരെ എഴുതപ്പെട്ടിട്ടില്ല)">ഉൾക്കടൽ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%BD" title="കായൽ">കായൽ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%81%E0%B4%B3%E0%B4%82" title="കുളം">കുളം</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%A4%E0%B4%9F%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%82" title="തടാകം">തടാകം</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%A4%E0%B4%A3%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A3%E0%B5%80%E0%B5%BC%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A4%E0%B4%9F%E0%B4%82" title="തണ്ണീർത്തടം">തണ്ണീർത്തടം</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%A8%E0%B4%A6%E0%B4%BF" title="നദി">നദി</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%B5%E0%B5%86%E0%B4%B3%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B3%E0%B4%9A%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%9A%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%9F%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%9F%E0%B4%82" title="വെള്ളച്ചാട്ടം">വെള്ളച്ചാട്ടം</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%B8%E0%B4%AE%E0%B5%81%E0%B4%A6%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%82" title="സമുദ്രം">സമുദ്രം</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%AE%E0%B5%80%E0%B4%AF%E0%B4%BE%E0%B5%BB%E0%B4%A1%E0%B5%BC" title="മീയാൻഡർ">മീയാൻഡർ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%93%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AC%E0%B5%8B_%E0%B4%A4%E0%B4%9F%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%82" title="ഓക്സ്ബോ തടാകം">ഓക്സ്ബോ തടാകം</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%A6%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B5%81%E0%B4%A4%E0%B4%A7%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B0" title="ദ്രുതധാര">ദ്രുതധാര</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">മറ്റുള്ളവ</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%A3%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%9F%E0%B5%BD%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%9F%E0%B5%8D" title="കണ്ടൽക്കാട്">കണ്ടൽക്കാട്</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%B3%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AE%E0%B4%A3%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A3%E0%B5%8D" title="കളിമണ്ണ്">കളിമണ്ണ്</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%80%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%B8%E0%B4%AE%E0%B5%81%E0%B4%A6%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%82" title="തീരസമുദ്രം">തീരസമുദ്രം</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%AD%E0%B5%97%E0%B4%A4%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%95_%E0%B4%B8%E0%B4%AE%E0%B5%81%E0%B4%A6%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%B6%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%82" title="ഭൗതിക സമുദ്രശാസ്ത്രം">ഭൗതിക സമുദ്രശാസ്ത്രം</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%AE%E0%B4%A3%E0%B5%BD" title="മണൽ">മണൽ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%B5%E0%B5%87%E0%B4%B2%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A4%E0%B4%9F%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%9F%E0%B5%81%E0%B5%8D" title="വേലിത്തട്ടു്">വേലിത്തട്ടു്</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bulkhead_line&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bulkhead line (ഇതുവരെ എഴുതപ്പെട്ടിട്ടില്ല)">Bulkhead line</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=How_Long_Is_the_Coast_of_Britain%3F_Statistical_Self-Similarity_and_Fractional_Dimension&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="How Long Is the Coast of Britain? Statistical Self-Similarity and Fractional Dimension (ഇതുവരെ എഴുതപ്പെട്ടിട്ടില്ല)">Coastline length</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Grain_size&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Grain size (ഇതുവരെ എഴുതപ്പെട്ടിട്ടില്ല)">Grain size</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Boulder&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Boulder (ഇതുവരെ എഴുതപ്പെട്ടിട്ടില്ല)">boulder</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cobble_(geology)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cobble (geology) (ഇതുവരെ എഴുതപ്പെട്ടിട്ടില്ല)">cobble</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Granule_(geology)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Granule (geology) (ഇതുവരെ എഴുതപ്പെട്ടിട്ടില്ല)">granule</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pebble&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pebble (ഇതുവരെ എഴുതപ്പെട്ടിട്ടില്ല)">pebble</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shingle_beach&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Shingle beach (ഇതുവരെ എഴുതപ്പെട്ടിട്ടില്ല)">shingle</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Silt&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Silt (ഇതുവരെ എഴുതപ്പെട്ടിട്ടില്ല)">silt</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">"<a dir="ltr" href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=കടൽ_അടിവാരം&oldid=3266213">https://ml.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=കടൽ_അടിവാരം&oldid=3266213</a>" എന്ന താളിൽനിന്ന് ശേഖരിച്ചത്</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%87%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%82:%E0%B4%B5%E0%B5%BC%E0%B4%97%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%97%E0%B4%99%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%99%E0%B5%BE" title="പ്രത്യേകം:വർഗ്ഗങ്ങൾ">വർഗ്ഗങ്ങൾ</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%B5%E0%B5%BC%E0%B4%97%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%97%E0%B4%82:Pages_using_the_JsonConfig_extension" class="mw-redirect" title="വർഗ്ഗം:Pages using the JsonConfig extension">Pages using the JsonConfig extension</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%B5%E0%B5%BC%E0%B4%97%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%97%E0%B4%82:2013_%E0%B4%8F%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%BF%E0%B5%BD_%E0%B4%AE%E0%B5%81%E0%B4%A4%E0%B4%B2%E0%B5%81%E0%B4%B3%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B3_%E0%B4%92%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B1%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%BF_%E0%B4%B2%E0%B5%87%E0%B4%96%E0%B4%A8%E0%B4%99%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%99%E0%B5%BE" title="വർഗ്ഗം:2013 ഏപ്രിൽ മുതലുള്ള ഒറ്റവരി ലേഖനങ്ങൾ">2013 ഏപ്രിൽ മുതലുള്ള ഒറ്റവരി ലേഖനങ്ങൾ</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%B5%E0%B5%BC%E0%B4%97%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%97%E0%B4%82:%E0%B4%B8%E0%B4%AE%E0%B5%81%E0%B4%A6%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%82" title="വർഗ്ഗം:സമുദ്രം">സമുദ്രം</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">മറഞ്ഞിരിക്കുന്ന വർഗ്ഗങ്ങൾ: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%B5%E0%B5%BC%E0%B4%97%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%97%E0%B4%82:%E0%B4%86%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%B6%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AF%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A4%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%A8%E0%B5%8D_%E0%B4%85%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%B2%E0%B4%82%E0%B4%AC%E0%B4%AE%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%B2%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B2%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A4_%E0%B4%B2%E0%B5%87%E0%B4%96%E0%B4%A8%E0%B4%99%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%99%E0%B5%BE" title="വർഗ്ഗം:ആവശ്യത്തിന് അവലംബമില്ലാത്ത ലേഖനങ്ങൾ">ആവശ്യത്തിന് അവലംബമില്ലാത്ത ലേഖനങ്ങൾ</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%B5%E0%B5%BC%E0%B4%97%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%97%E0%B4%82:Commons_category_link_is_on_Wikidata" title="വർഗ്ഗം:Commons category link is on Wikidata">Commons category link is on Wikidata</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> ഈ താൾ അവസാനം തിരുത്തപ്പെട്ടത്: 09:55, 27 ഡിസംബർ 2019.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">വിവരങ്ങൾ <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/">ക്രിയേറ്റീവ് കോമൺസ് ആട്രിബ്യൂഷൻ-ഷെയർഎലൈക്ക് അനുമതിപത്ര</a> പ്രകാരം ലഭ്യമാണ്; മേൽ നിബന്ധനകൾ ഉണ്ടായേക്കാം. കൂടുതൽ വിവരങ്ങൾക്ക് <a class="external text" href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms_of_Use/ml">ഉപയോഗനിബന്ധനകൾ</a> കാണുക.</li> </ul> <ul id="footer-places"> <li id="footer-places-privacy"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy">സ്വകാര്യതാനയം</a></li> <li id="footer-places-about"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%80%E0%B4%A1%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AF:%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%A3%E0%B4%82">വിക്കിപീഡിയ സം‌രംഭത്തെക്കുറിച്ച്</a></li> <li id="footer-places-disclaimers"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%80%E0%B4%A1%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AF:%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8A%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%81%E0%B4%A8%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%A3%E0%B4%82">നിരാകരണങ്ങൾ</a></li> <li id="footer-places-wm-codeofconduct"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct">പെരുമാറ്റച്ചട്ടം</a></li> <li id="footer-places-developers"><a href="https://developer.wikimedia.org">ഡെവലപ്പർമാർ</a></li> <li id="footer-places-statslink"><a href="https://stats.wikimedia.org/#/ml.wikipedia.org">സ്ഥിതിവിവരക്കണക്കുകൾ</a></li> <li id="footer-places-cookiestatement"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Cookie_statement">കുക്കി പ്രസ്താവന</a></li> <li id="footer-places-mobileview"><a href="//ml.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%9F%E0%B5%BD_%E0%B4%85%E0%B4%9F%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%82&mobileaction=toggle_view_mobile" class="noprint stopMobileRedirectToggle">മൊബൈൽ ദൃശ്യരൂപം</a></li> </ul> <ul id="footer-icons" class="noprint"> <li id="footer-copyrightico"><a href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.svg" width="84" height="29" alt="Wikimedia Foundation" loading="lazy"></a></li> <li id="footer-poweredbyico"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/w/resources/assets/poweredby_mediawiki.svg" alt="Powered by MediaWiki" width="88" height="31" loading="lazy"></a></li> </ul> </footer> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-settings" id="p-dock-bottom"> <ul></ul> </div><script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.codfw.main-f69cdc8f6-ckdzv","wgBackendResponseTime":141,"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"0.331","walltime":"0.514","ppvisitednodes":{"value":483,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":42397,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":865,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":13,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":2,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":1,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":24013,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":0,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 354.394 1 -total"," 25.73% 91.178 1 ഫലകം:Ocean_habitat_topics"," 24.63% 87.278 1 ഫലകം:Sidebar"," 24.46% 86.700 2 ഫലകം:Cite_book"," 16.29% 57.727 1 ഫലകം:Commons_category"," 15.54% 55.062 1 ഫലകം:Sister_project"," 14.94% 52.962 1 ഫലകം:Side_box"," 14.32% 50.739 1 ഫലകം:ഒറ്റവരിലേഖനം"," 13.84% 49.047 2 ഫലകം:Ambox"," 12.14% 43.029 1 ഫലകം:ഭൂമിശാസ്ത്രപദസൂചികൾ"]},"scribunto":{"limitreport-timeusage":{"value":"0.225","limit":"10.000"},"limitreport-memusage":{"value":3868196,"limit":52428800}},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-web.codfw.main-f69cdc8f6-rt2p2","timestamp":"20241122222601","ttl":2592000,"transientcontent":false}}});});</script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"Article","name":"\u0d15\u0d1f\u0d7d \u0d05\u0d1f\u0d3f\u0d35\u0d3e\u0d30\u0d02","url":"https:\/\/ml.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%9F%E0%B5%BD_%E0%B4%85%E0%B4%9F%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%82","sameAs":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q686881","mainEntity":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q686881","author":{"@type":"Organization","name":"\u0d35\u0d3f\u0d15\u0d4d\u0d15\u0d3f\u0d2e\u0d40\u0d21\u0d3f\u0d2f \u0d2a\u0d26\u0d4d\u0d27\u0d24\u0d3f\u0d15\u0d33\u0d3f\u0d7d \u0d38\u0d02\u0d2d\u0d3e\u0d35\u0d28 \u0d1a\u0d46\u0d2f\u0d4d\u0d2f\u0d41\u0d28\u0d4d\u0d28\u0d35\u0d7c"},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.wikimedia.org\/static\/images\/wmf-hor-googpub.png"}},"datePublished":"2013-04-01T08:24:17Z","dateModified":"2019-12-27T09:55:15Z","image":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/d\/d5\/Benthic_GLERL_1.jpg"}</script> </body> </html>