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cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Aspetto</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_it.wikipedia.org&uselang=it" class=""><span>Fai una donazione</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Speciale:CreaUtenza&returnto=Vaginosi" title="Si consiglia di registrarsi e di effettuare l'accesso, anche se non è obbligatorio" class=""><span>registrati</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Speciale:Entra&returnto=Vaginosi" title="Si consiglia di effettuare l'accesso, anche se non è obbligatorio [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>entra</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Altre opzioni" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" 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id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Speciale:CreaUtenza&returnto=Vaginosi" title="Si consiglia di registrarsi e di effettuare l'accesso, anche se non è obbligatorio"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>registrati</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Speciale:Entra&returnto=Vaginosi" title="Si consiglia di effettuare l'accesso, anche se non è obbligatorio [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>entra</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Pagine per utenti anonimi <a href="/wiki/Aiuto:Benvenuto" aria-label="Ulteriori informazioni sulla contribuzione"><span>ulteriori informazioni</span></a> </div> <div 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<nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Indice" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Indice</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">sposta nella barra laterale</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">nascondi</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Inizio</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Patogenesi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Patogenesi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Patogenesi</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Patogenesi-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Attiva/disattiva la sottosezione Patogenesi</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Patogenesi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Ruolo_della_Vitamina_D" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ruolo_della_Vitamina_D"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Ruolo della Vitamina D</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ruolo_della_Vitamina_D-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Complicanze" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Complicanze"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Complicanze</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Complicanze-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Displasia_cervicale_(CIN)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Displasia_cervicale_(CIN)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2.1</span> <span>Displasia cervicale (CIN)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Displasia_cervicale_(CIN)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Anatomia_patologica" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Anatomia_patologica"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Anatomia patologica</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Anatomia_patologica-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Clinica" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Clinica"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Clinica</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Clinica-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Attiva/disattiva la sottosezione Clinica</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Clinica-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Segni_e_sintomi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Segni_e_sintomi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Segni e sintomi</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Segni_e_sintomi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Esami_di_laboratorio_e_strumentali" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Esami_di_laboratorio_e_strumentali"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Esami di laboratorio e strumentali</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Esami_di_laboratorio_e_strumentali-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Diagnosi_differenziale" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Diagnosi_differenziale"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>Diagnosi differenziale</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Diagnosi_differenziale-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Diagnosi_precoce" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Diagnosi_precoce"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.4</span> <span>Diagnosi precoce</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Diagnosi_precoce-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Risvolti_psicologici" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Risvolti_psicologici"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.5</span> <span>Risvolti psicologici</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Risvolti_psicologici-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Trattamento" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Trattamento"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.6</span> <span>Trattamento</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Trattamento-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Trattamento_chirurgico" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Trattamento_chirurgico"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.7</span> <span>Trattamento chirurgico</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Trattamento_chirurgico-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Trattamento_farmacologico" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Trattamento_farmacologico"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.8</span> <span>Trattamento farmacologico</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Trattamento_farmacologico-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Prognosi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Prognosi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.9</span> <span>Prognosi</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Prognosi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Postumi_e_follow_up" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Postumi_e_follow_up"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.10</span> <span>Postumi e follow up</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Postumi_e_follow_up-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Prevenzione" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Prevenzione"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Prevenzione</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Prevenzione-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Note" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Note"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Note</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Note-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Altri_progetti" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Altri_progetti"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Altri progetti</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Altri_progetti-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Collegamenti_esterni" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Collegamenti_esterni"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Collegamenti esterni</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Collegamenti_esterni-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Indice" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Mostra/Nascondi l'indice" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Mostra/Nascondi l'indice</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Vaginosi</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Vai a una voce in un'altra lingua. Disponibile in 49 lingue" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-49" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">49 lingue</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%A8_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D9%87%D8%A8%D9%84_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8%D9%83%D8%AA%D9%8A%D8%B1%D9%8A" title="التهاب المهبل البكتيري - arabo" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="التهاب المهبل البكتيري" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arabo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%8D%D1%80%D1%8B%D1%8F%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D1%8B_%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D1%96%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B7" title="Бактэрыяльны вагіноз - bielorusso" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Бактэрыяльны вагіноз" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="bielorusso" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%8D%D1%80%D1%8B%D1%8F%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D1%8B_%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D1%96%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B7" title="Бактэрыяльны вагіноз - Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Бактэрыяльны вагіноз" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%B0" title="Бактериална вагиноза - bulgaro" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Бактериална вагиноза" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="bulgaro" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AC%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%9F%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B2_%E0%A6%AD%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%9C%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%87%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%B8" title="ব্যাকটেরিয়াল ভ্যাজাইনোসিস - bengalese" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="ব্যাকটেরিয়াল ভ্যাজাইনোসিস" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="bengalese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vaginosi_bacteriana" title="Vaginosi bacteriana - catalano" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Vaginosi bacteriana" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="catalano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bakteri%C3%A1ln%C3%AD_vagin%C3%B3za" title="Bakteriální vaginóza - ceco" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Bakteriální vaginóza" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="ceco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bakteriel_vaginose" title="Bakteriel vaginose - danese" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Bakteriel vaginose" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="danese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bakterielle_Vaginose" title="Bakterielle Vaginose - tedesco" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Bakterielle Vaginose" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="tedesco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%92%CE%B1%CE%BA%CF%84%CE%B7%CF%81%CE%B9%CE%B1%CE%BA%CE%AE_%CE%BA%CF%8C%CE%BB%CF%80%CF%89%CF%83%CE%B7" title="Βακτηριακή κόλπωση - greco" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Βακτηριακή κόλπωση" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="greco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bacterial_vaginosis" title="Bacterial vaginosis - inglese" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Bacterial vaginosis" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="inglese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vaginosis_bacteriana" title="Vaginosis bacteriana - spagnolo" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Vaginosis bacteriana" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="spagnolo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bakteriaalne_vaginoos" title="Bakteriaalne vaginoos - estone" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Bakteriaalne vaginoos" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="estone" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%D8%A7%DA%98%DB%8C%D9%86%D9%88%D8%B2_%D8%A8%D8%A7%DA%A9%D8%AA%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%A7%D9%84" title="واژینوز باکتریال - persiano" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="واژینوز باکتریال" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="persiano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bakteerivaginoosi" title="Bakteerivaginoosi - finlandese" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Bakteerivaginoosi" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finlandese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vaginose" title="Vaginose - francese" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Vaginose" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="francese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%95%D7%92%D7%99%D7%A0%D7%95%D7%96%D7%99%D7%A1_%D7%97%D7%99%D7%99%D7%93%D7%A7%D7%99" title="וגינוזיס חיידקי - ebraico" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="וגינוזיס חיידקי" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="ebraico" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BF_%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%82_%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A3%E0%A5%81_%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%A3" title="योनि में जीवाणु संक्रमण - hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="योनि में जीवाणु संक्रमण" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bakterijska_vaginoza" title="Bakterijska vaginoza - croato" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Bakterijska vaginoza" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="croato" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bakteri_vajenosis" title="Bakteri vajenosis - creolo haitiano" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Bakteri vajenosis" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="creolo haitiano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bakteri%C3%A1lis_vagin%C3%B3zis" title="Bakteriális vaginózis - ungherese" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Bakteriális vaginózis" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="ungherese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B2%D5%A1%D5%AF%D5%BF%D5%A5%D6%80%D5%AB%D5%A1%D5%AC_%D5%BE%D5%A1%D5%A3%D5%AB%D5%B6%D5%B8%D5%A6" title="Բակտերիալ վագինոզ - armeno" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Բակտերիալ վագինոզ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="armeno" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vaginosis_bakterialis" title="Vaginosis bakterialis - indonesiano" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Vaginosis bakterialis" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonesiano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%B4%B0%E8%8F%8C%E6%80%A7%E8%86%A3%E7%82%8E" title="細菌性膣炎 - giapponese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="細菌性膣炎" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="giapponese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%84%B8%EA%B7%A0%EC%84%B1_%EC%A7%88%EC%97%BC" title="세균성 질염 - coreano" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="세균성 질염" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="coreano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bakterin%C4%97_vaginoz%C4%97" title="Bakterinė vaginozė - lituano" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Bakterinė vaginozė" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="lituano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bakteri%C4%81l%C4%81_vaginoze" title="Bakteriālā vaginoze - lettone" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Bakteriālā vaginoze" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="lettone" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vaginosis_bakteria" title="Vaginosis bakteria - malese" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Vaginosis bakteria" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="malese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%9E%E1%80%AC%E1%80%B8%E1%80%A1%E1%80%AD%E1%80%99%E1%80%BA%E1%80%9C%E1%80%99%E1%80%BA%E1%80%B8%E1%80%80%E1%80%BC%E1%80%B1%E1%80%AC%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%B8%E1%80%90%E1%80%BD%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA_%E1%80%9B%E1%80%B1%E1%80%AC%E1%80%82%E1%80%AB%E1%80%95%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%B8%E1%80%9D%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%81%E1%80%BC%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%B8" title="သားအိမ်လမ်းကြောင်းတွင် ရောဂါပိုးဝင်ခြင်း - birmano" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="သားအိမ်လမ်းကြောင်းတွင် ရောဂါပိုးဝင်ခြင်း" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="birmano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bacteri%C3%ABle_vaginose" title="Bacteriële vaginose - olandese" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Bacteriële vaginose" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="olandese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-or mw-list-item"><a href="https://or.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AC%9C%E0%AD%80%E0%AC%AC%E0%AC%BE%E0%AC%A3%E0%AD%81_%E0%AC%AD%E0%AC%BE%E0%AC%9C%E0%AC%BF%E0%AC%A8%E0%AD%8B%E0%AC%B8%E0%AC%BF%E0%AC%B8" title="ଜୀବାଣୁ ଭାଜିନୋସିସ - odia" lang="or" hreflang="or" data-title="ଜୀବାଣୁ ଭାଜିନୋସିସ" data-language-autonym="ଓଡ଼ିଆ" data-language-local-name="odia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ଓଡ଼ିଆ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bakteryjne_zapalenie_pochwy" title="Bakteryjne zapalenie pochwy - polacco" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Bakteryjne zapalenie pochwy" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="polacco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vaginose_bacteriana" title="Vaginose bacteriana - portoghese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Vaginose bacteriana" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portoghese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9_%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B7" title="Бактериальный вагиноз - russo" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Бактериальный вагиноз" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="russo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bacterial_vaginosis" title="Bacterial vaginosis - Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Bacterial vaginosis" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bakterijska_vaginoza" title="Bakterijska vaginoza - sloveno" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Bakterijska vaginoza" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="sloveno" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%B0" title="Вагиноза - serbo" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Вагиноза" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="serbo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bakteriell_vaginos" title="Bakteriell vaginos - svedese" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Bakteriell vaginos" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="svedese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vaginosisi_inayosababishwa_na_bakteria" title="Vaginosisi inayosababishwa na bakteria - swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Vaginosisi inayosababishwa na bakteria" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%A8%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%A3%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%A3%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%85%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%A8%E0%AF%8B%E0%AE%AF%E0%AF%8D" title="நுண்ணுயிரியால் அல்குல் நோய் - tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="நுண்ணுயிரியால் அல்குல் நோய்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%B8_%D0%B1%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F%D0%B2%D3%A3" title="Вагинози бактериявӣ - tagico" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Вагинози бактериявӣ" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="tagico" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%8A%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%81%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%88%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%81%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%B7%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%AD%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%B5%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A2" title="โรคช่องคลอดอักเสบจากเชื้อแบคทีเรีย - thailandese" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="โรคช่องคลอดอักเสบจากเชื้อแบคทีเรีย" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="thailandese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ti mw-list-item"><a href="https://ti.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%89%A5%E1%89%A3%E1%8A%AD%E1%89%B0%E1%88%AD%E1%8B%AB_%E1%8B%9A%E1%88%98%E1%8C%BD%E1%8A%A5_%E1%88%95%E1%88%9B%E1%88%9D_%E1%88%AD%E1%88%95%E1%88%9A" title="ብባክተርያ ዚመጽእ ሕማም ርሕሚ - tigrino" lang="ti" hreflang="ti" data-title="ብባክተርያ ዚመጽእ ሕማም ርሕሚ" data-language-autonym="ትግርኛ" data-language-local-name="tigrino" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ትግርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bakteriyel_vajinoz" title="Bakteriyel vajinoz - turco" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Bakteriyel vajinoz" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="turco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%96%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D1%96%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B7" title="Бактеріальний вагіноз - ucraino" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Бактеріальний вагіноз" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ucraino" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nhi%E1%BB%85m_khu%E1%BA%A9n_%C3%A2m_%C4%91%E1%BA%A1o" title="Nhiễm khuẩn âm đạo - vietnamita" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Nhiễm khuẩn âm đạo" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="vietnamita" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bacterial_vaginosis" title="Bacterial vaginosis - yoruba" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Bacterial vaginosis" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="yoruba" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Yorùbá</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%BB%86%E8%8F%8C%E6%80%A7%E9%98%B4%E9%81%93%E7%97%85" title="细菌性阴道病 - cinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="细菌性阴道病" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="cinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%B4%B0%E8%8F%8C%E6%80%A7%E9%99%B0%E9%81%93%E7%82%8E" title="細菌性陰道炎 - cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="細菌性陰道炎" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a 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I contenuti hanno solo fine illustrativo e non sostituiscono il parere medico: <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Disclaimer_medico" title="Wikipedia:Disclaimer medico">leggi le avvertenze</a>.</span></div> </div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r133964453">.mw-parser-output .avviso .mbox-text-div>div,.mw-parser-output .avviso .mbox-text-full-div>div{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .avviso .mbox-image{flex-basis:52px;flex-grow:0;flex-shrink:0}.mw-parser-output .avviso .mbox-text-full-div .hide-when-compact{display:block}</style><div style="" class="ambox metadata noprint plainlinks avviso avviso-generico"> <div class="avviso-immagine mbox-image noprint"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Puzzle_stub.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Abbozzo"><img alt="Abbozzo" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Puzzle_stub.svg/45px-Puzzle_stub.svg.png" decoding="async" width="45" height="45" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Puzzle_stub.svg/68px-Puzzle_stub.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Puzzle_stub.svg/90px-Puzzle_stub.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="800" /></a></span></div> <div class="avviso-testo mbox-text"> <div class="mbox-text-div"><b>Questa voce  sull'argomento malattie è solo un <a href="/wiki/Aiuto:Abbozzo" title="Aiuto:Abbozzo">abbozzo</a></b>.<br /> <div style="font-size:90%;"><a class="external text" href="https://it.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Vaginosi&action=edit">Contribuisci</a> a migliorarla secondo le <a href="/wiki/Aiuto:Manuale_di_stile" title="Aiuto:Manuale di stile">convenzioni di Wikipedia</a>. Segui i suggerimenti del <a href="/wiki/Progetto:Medicina" title="Progetto:Medicina">progetto di riferimento</a>.</div> <div class="hide-when-compact"> </div> </div> </div> </div> <table class="infobox sinottico" summary="Tabella sinottica che riassume i principali dati del soggetto"><tbody><tr class="sinottico_testata"><th colspan="2" style="background:Navy; color:#ffffff;">Vaginosi</th></tr><tr><td class="sinottico_testo_centrale" colspan="2"><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Vaginose-G15.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Vaginose-G15.jpg/260px-Vaginose-G15.jpg" decoding="async" width="260" height="184" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Vaginose-G15.jpg/390px-Vaginose-G15.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/02/Vaginose-G15.jpg 2x" data-file-width="495" data-file-height="350" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure>Citologia vaginale: cellule squamose della cervice ricoperte di batteri a forma di bastoncello, Gardnerella vaginalis (Frecce).</td></tr><tr><th>Specialità</th><td><a href="/wiki/Ginecologia" title="Ginecologia">ginecologia</a> </td></tr><tr><th><a href="/wiki/Eziologia" title="Eziologia">Eziologia</a></th><td><a href="/wiki/Gardnerella_vaginalis" title="Gardnerella vaginalis">Gardnerella vaginalis</a> </td></tr><tr class="sinottico_divisione"><th colspan="2">Classificazione e risorse esterne (<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="inglese">EN</abbr></span>)</th></tr><tr><th><a href="/wiki/Classificazione_ICD" title="Classificazione ICD">ICD-9</a>-CM</th><td><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.icd9data.com/getICD9Code.ashx?icd9=616.1">616.1</a> </td></tr><tr><th><a href="/wiki/Classificazione_ICD" title="Classificazione ICD">ICD-10</a></th><td><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://apps.who.int/classifications/icd10/browse/2010/en#/B96">B96</a> e <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://apps.who.int/classifications/icd10/browse/2010/en#/N76">N76</a> </td></tr><tr><th><a href="/wiki/Medical_Subject_Headings" title="Medical Subject Headings">MeSH</a></th><td><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2024/MB_cgi?field=uid&term=D016585">D016585</a> </td></tr><tr><th><a href="/wiki/EMedicine" title="EMedicine">eMedicine</a></th><td><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/254342">254342</a> </td></tr><tr class="sinottico_divisione"><th colspan="2">Sinonimi</th></tr><tr><td class="sinottico_testo_centrale" colspan="2">Vaginosi batterica o VB<br />Vaginosi<br />Vaginite batterica </td></tr><tr><td class="sinottico_piede2 noprint nomobile metadata" colspan="2"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q804521" class="extiw" title="d:Q804521"><span title="Modifica i dati della voce Vaginosi su Wikidata">Modifica dati su Wikidata</span></a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Template:Malattia/man" title="Template:Malattia/man"><span title="Manuale del template Malattia">Manuale</span></a></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>La <b>malattia</b> anche conosciuta col nome generico di <b>vaginosi</b> (<b>VB</b>), è un'<a href="/wiki/Infezione" title="Infezione">infezione</a> della <a href="/wiki/Vagina" title="Vagina">vagina</a> di origine <a href="/wiki/Bacteria" title="Bacteria">batterica</a>; è la causa più comune dei disturbi vaginali delle donne in età fertile. Viene spesso percepita come una patologia banale ed è spesso mal curata con trattamenti non efficaci. </p><p>La causa della vaginosi batterica sembra essere dovuta ad un'alterazione dell'equilibrio della <a href="/wiki/Microflora_vaginale" class="mw-redirect" title="Microflora vaginale">microflora vaginale</a>, con sviluppo abnorme di germi commensali che, a seguito di un'alterazione dell'ecosistema vaginale, per varie cause si trasformano in patogeni. Il principale agente responsabile della maggior parte delle vaginosi è la <i><a href="/wiki/Gardnerella_vaginalis" title="Gardnerella vaginalis">Gardnerella vaginalis</a></i>, l'unico batterio conosciuto del genere <i><a href="/wiki/Gardnerella" class="mw-redirect" title="Gardnerella">Gardnerella</a></i>. Dal 1999, isolato per la prima volta da Rodriguez et al., è stato riconosciuto nella vaginosi anche il ruolo dell'<i><a href="/wiki/Atopobium" title="Atopobium">Atopobium</a> vaginae</i>, un cocco batterio Gram-positivo anaerobo<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>; questo batterio è presente nel 50% dei casi di vaginosi batterica<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. </p><p>I dati epidemiologici confermano che il cambiamento dell'ecosistema caratteristico della vagina è la causa etiologica della vaginosi batterica. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Patogenesi">Patogenesi</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vaginosi&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Modifica la sezione Patogenesi" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vaginosi&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section's source code: Patogenesi"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ruolo_della_Vitamina_D">Ruolo della Vitamina D</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vaginosi&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Modifica la sezione Ruolo della Vitamina D" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vaginosi&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section's source code: Ruolo della Vitamina D"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Dati recenti indicano come la carenza di <a href="/wiki/Vitamina_D" title="Vitamina D">Vitamina D</a> abbia un ruolo nell'insorgenza della vaginosi batterica durante la <a href="/wiki/Gravidanza" title="Gravidanza">gravidanza</a><sup id="cite_ref-Hensel-2010_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hensel-2010-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Shin-2010_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Shin-2010-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. </p><p>La Vitamina D è una sostanza ad azione <a href="/wiki/Pleiotropia" title="Pleiotropia">pleiotropica</a><sup id="cite_ref-Hensel-2010_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hensel-2010-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>, che svolge la sua attività ben oltre le note attività di formazione ed omeostasi della massa ossea<sup id="cite_ref-Shin-2010_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Shin-2010-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>; recentemente è stata infatti da più parti sottolineata l'importanza delle azioni della vitamina D non classiche in una varietà di tipi di cellulari. Queste azioni includono<sup id="cite_ref-Shin-2010_4-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Shin-2010-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>: </p> <ul><li>la modulazione del sistema immunitario innato e adattativo,</li> <li>la regolazione della proliferazione cellulare.</li></ul> <p>Inoltre un adeguato apporto di vitamina D è essenziale per la salute materna e fetale durante la gravidanza, ed inoltre ancora i dati epidemiologici indicano che molte donne incinte hanno livelli sub-ottimali di vitamina D<sup id="cite_ref-Shin-2010_4-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Shin-2010-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. </p><p>In particolare la carenza di vitamina D è correlata con<sup id="cite_ref-Shin-2010_4-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Shin-2010-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Preeclampsia" title="Preeclampsia">preeclampsia</a><sup id="cite_ref-Lewis-2010_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lewis-2010-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>,</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diabete_mellito_gestazionale" title="Diabete mellito gestazionale">diabete mellito gestazionale</a><sup id="cite_ref-Zhang-2008_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Zhang-2008-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Farrant-2009_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Farrant-2009-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>,</li> <li>vaginosi batterica<sup id="cite_ref-Bodnar-2009_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bodnar-2009-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>,</li> <li>aumento del rischio di <a href="/wiki/Parto_cesareo" class="mw-redirect" title="Parto cesareo">parto cesareo</a><sup id="cite_ref-Merewood-2009_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Merewood-2009-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>.</li></ul> <p>Lavori recenti sottolineano l'importanza del ruolo non classico della vitamina D in gravidanza per la salute della <a href="/wiki/Placenta_umana" class="mw-redirect" title="Placenta umana">placenta</a><sup id="cite_ref-Shin-2010_4-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Shin-2010-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. La placenta, infatti, normalmente risponde alla Vitamina D comportandosi come un modulatore di impianto, stimolando la produzione di citochine e la risposta immunitaria alle infezioni. Questi dati indicano come sia importante intervenire preventivamente sullo stato di deficit serico di Vitamina D al fine di migliorare gli outcomes materno-fetali<sup id="cite_ref-Lewis-2010_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lewis-2010-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. </p><p>Un recente studio (2010) condotto a <a href="/wiki/Baltimora" title="Baltimora">Baltimora</a> negli USA su giovani adolescenti gravide (<18 anni) ha evidenziato una forte correlazione lineare tra carenza di Vitamina D e i mesi invernali, l'emoglobinopenia, mentre è inversamente proporzionale la presenza di 25(OH)D con la vaginosi batterica<sup id="cite_ref-Davis-2010_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Davis-2010-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. </p><p>Infine Bodnar et al. 2009<sup id="cite_ref-Bodnar-2009_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bodnar-2009-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> studiano, su 469 donne gravide, lo stato della vitamina D serica correlandolo con la presenza di vaginosi batterica. Gli autori dimostrano una relazione inversa tra i livelli di 25-(OH)-vitamina D nel siero e la presenza di vaginosi batterica. La prevalenza della vagnosi diminuiva fino ad un valore massimo in percentuale pari ad una concentrazione > a 80nml/L di siero di 25(OH) Vit. D. Lo studio conclude sostenendo che: <i>... la carenza di vitamina D è associata a BV...</i>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Complicanze">Complicanze</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vaginosi&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Modifica la sezione Complicanze" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vaginosi&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section's source code: Complicanze"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>La complicanza più frequente della vaginosi batterica è il parto pretermine nelle donne gravide, questa è significativamente associata con la presenza di elevate concentrazioni in vagina di Gardenerella vaginalis e Atopobium vaginae<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Displasia_cervicale_(CIN)"><span id="Displasia_cervicale_.28CIN.29"></span>Displasia cervicale (CIN)</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vaginosi&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Modifica la sezione Displasia cervicale (CIN)" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vaginosi&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section's source code: Displasia cervicale (CIN)"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r130657691">body:not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .vedi-anche{font-size:95%}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r139142988"> <div class="hatnote noprint vedi-anche"> <div class="hatnote-content"><span class="noviewer hatnote-icon" typeof="mw:File"><span><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Magnifying_glass_icon_mgx2.svg/18px-Magnifying_glass_icon_mgx2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Magnifying_glass_icon_mgx2.svg/27px-Magnifying_glass_icon_mgx2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Magnifying_glass_icon_mgx2.svg/36px-Magnifying_glass_icon_mgx2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="286" data-file-height="280" /></span></span> <span class="hatnote-text">Lo stesso argomento in dettaglio: <b><a href="/w/index.php?title=Test_di_Papanicolau&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Test di Papanicolau (la pagina non esiste)">Test di Papanicolau</a></b>.</span></div> </div> <p>La Neoplasia Cervicale Intraepiteliale o CIN o displasia cervicale è stata messa in relazione con la vaginosi batterica specie se riferita alla gravità della prima<sup id="cite_ref-Nam-2009_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Nam-2009-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. Spesso questa correlazione tra le due patologie viene misconosciuta, specie se le donne sono asintomatiche<sup id="cite_ref-Sweet-2000_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sweet-2000-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. In generale vi è un'alta correlazione tra vaginosi e alto grado di CIN<sup id="cite_ref-Kharsany-1993_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kharsany-1993-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. </p><p>Un recente studio giapponese condotto da ricercatori della <i>Nagoya University</i> su 405 casi di neoplasia cervicale confrontati con più di 2000 donne con controlli negativi, ha mostrato un'associazione inversa tra l'assunzione di calcio alimentare e/o la vitamina D e il rischio di sviluppare una neoplasia cervicale in questo gruppo di donne giapponesi.<sup id="cite_ref-Hosono-2010_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hosono-2010-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Anatomia_patologica">Anatomia patologica</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vaginosi&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Modifica la sezione Anatomia patologica" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vaginosi&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section's source code: Anatomia patologica"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r139255918">.mw-parser-output .avviso-mini{border:1px solid #aaa;background-color:#fbfbfb;margin-bottom:.5em;padding:0 2px 0 3px;margin:5px 10%;font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .avviso-mini>div:first-of-type{margin:2px 2px 2px 0}.mw-parser-output .avviso-mini .mw-collapsible-content{padding:2px 0 0 7px}.mw-parser-output .avviso-mini-informazioni{border-left:10px solid #1e90ff}.mw-parser-output .avviso-mini-contenuto{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .avviso-mini-stile{border-left:10px solid #f4c430}.mw-parser-output .avviso-mini-statico{border-left:10px solid limegreen}.mw-parser-output .avviso-mini-struttura{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .avviso-mini-generico{border-left:10px solid #bba}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .avviso-mini{border:none;margin-bottom:1px;padding:inherit}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .avviso-mini .mbox-text-div{font-style:normal}html.client-js body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .avviso-mini>div{padding:8px 8px 8px 32px!important;position:relative}</style><div class="ambox avviso-mini noprint metadata avviso-mini-informazioni plainlinks"> <div class="mbox-text"> <div class="mbox-text-div" style="display:flex; flex-direction:row; align-items:center; column-gap:5px;"><span class="mbox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Quill-Nuvola.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Sezione vuota"><img alt="Sezione vuota" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Quill-Nuvola.svg/20px-Quill-Nuvola.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Quill-Nuvola.svg/30px-Quill-Nuvola.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Quill-Nuvola.svg/40px-Quill-Nuvola.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="50" data-file-height="50" /></a></span></span><span style="width:100%"><b>Questa sezione  sull'argomento medicina è ancora vuota</b>. <a class="external text" href="https://it.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Vaginosi&action=edit">Aiutaci</a> a scriverla!</span></div> </div> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Clinica">Clinica</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vaginosi&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Modifica la sezione Clinica" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vaginosi&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section's source code: Clinica"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Segni_e_sintomi">Segni e sintomi</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vaginosi&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Modifica la sezione Segni e sintomi" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vaginosi&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section's source code: Segni e sintomi"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Trichomoniasi01.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Trichomoniasi01.JPG/220px-Trichomoniasi01.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Trichomoniasi01.JPG/330px-Trichomoniasi01.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Trichomoniasi01.JPG/440px-Trichomoniasi01.JPG 2x" data-file-width="720" data-file-height="479" /></a><figcaption>Tipico abbondante essudato fluido bianco-grigiastro, maleodorante in corso di vaginosi batterica</figcaption></figure> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r139255918"><div class="ambox avviso-mini noprint metadata avviso-mini-informazioni plainlinks"> <div class="mbox-text"> <div class="mbox-text-div" style="display:flex; flex-direction:row; align-items:center; column-gap:5px;"><span class="mbox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Quill-Nuvola.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Sezione vuota"><img alt="Sezione vuota" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Quill-Nuvola.svg/20px-Quill-Nuvola.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Quill-Nuvola.svg/30px-Quill-Nuvola.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Quill-Nuvola.svg/40px-Quill-Nuvola.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="50" data-file-height="50" /></a></span></span><span style="width:100%"><b>Questa sezione  sull'argomento medicina è ancora vuota</b>. <a class="external text" href="https://it.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Vaginosi&action=edit">Aiutaci</a> a scriverla!</span></div> </div> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Esami_di_laboratorio_e_strumentali">Esami di laboratorio e strumentali</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vaginosi&veaction=edit&section=8" title="Modifica la sezione Esami di laboratorio e strumentali" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vaginosi&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section's source code: Esami di laboratorio e strumentali"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>La diagnosi può essere formulata con discreta certezza all'osservazione microscopica, previa colorazione di Gram, di coccobacilli su "clue cells", ovvero cellule epiteliali vaginali dall'aspetto puntinato poiché ricoperte di batteri. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Diagnosi_differenziale">Diagnosi differenziale</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vaginosi&veaction=edit&section=9" title="Modifica la sezione Diagnosi differenziale" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vaginosi&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section's source code: Diagnosi differenziale"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r139255918"><div class="ambox avviso-mini noprint metadata avviso-mini-informazioni plainlinks"> <div class="mbox-text"> <div class="mbox-text-div" style="display:flex; flex-direction:row; align-items:center; column-gap:5px;"><span class="mbox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Quill-Nuvola.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Sezione vuota"><img alt="Sezione vuota" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Quill-Nuvola.svg/20px-Quill-Nuvola.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Quill-Nuvola.svg/30px-Quill-Nuvola.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Quill-Nuvola.svg/40px-Quill-Nuvola.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="50" data-file-height="50" /></a></span></span><span style="width:100%"><b>Questa sezione  sull'argomento medicina è ancora vuota</b>. <a class="external text" href="https://it.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Vaginosi&action=edit">Aiutaci</a> a scriverla!</span></div> </div> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Diagnosi_precoce">Diagnosi precoce</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vaginosi&veaction=edit&section=10" title="Modifica la sezione Diagnosi precoce" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vaginosi&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section's source code: Diagnosi precoce"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r139255918"><div class="ambox avviso-mini noprint metadata avviso-mini-informazioni plainlinks"> <div class="mbox-text"> <div class="mbox-text-div" style="display:flex; flex-direction:row; align-items:center; column-gap:5px;"><span class="mbox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Quill-Nuvola.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Sezione vuota"><img alt="Sezione vuota" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Quill-Nuvola.svg/20px-Quill-Nuvola.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Quill-Nuvola.svg/30px-Quill-Nuvola.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Quill-Nuvola.svg/40px-Quill-Nuvola.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="50" data-file-height="50" /></a></span></span><span style="width:100%"><b>Questa sezione  sull'argomento medicina è ancora vuota</b>. <a class="external text" href="https://it.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Vaginosi&action=edit">Aiutaci</a> a scriverla!</span></div> </div> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Risvolti_psicologici">Risvolti psicologici</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vaginosi&veaction=edit&section=11" title="Modifica la sezione Risvolti psicologici" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vaginosi&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section's source code: Risvolti psicologici"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r139255918"><div class="ambox avviso-mini noprint metadata avviso-mini-informazioni plainlinks"> <div class="mbox-text"> <div class="mbox-text-div" style="display:flex; flex-direction:row; align-items:center; column-gap:5px;"><span class="mbox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Quill-Nuvola.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Sezione vuota"><img alt="Sezione vuota" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Quill-Nuvola.svg/20px-Quill-Nuvola.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Quill-Nuvola.svg/30px-Quill-Nuvola.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Quill-Nuvola.svg/40px-Quill-Nuvola.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="50" data-file-height="50" /></a></span></span><span style="width:100%"><b>Questa sezione  sull'argomento medicina è ancora vuota</b>. <a class="external text" href="https://it.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Vaginosi&action=edit">Aiutaci</a> a scriverla!</span></div> </div> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Trattamento">Trattamento</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vaginosi&veaction=edit&section=12" title="Modifica la sezione Trattamento" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vaginosi&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section's source code: Trattamento"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Dal 2004 è possibile trattare la vaginosi attraverso l'Haloterapia controllata. Uno studio pilota ha dimostrato che i risultati ottenuti mostravano elevata efficacia, e minori effetti collaterali a lungo termine, rispetto al trattamento farmacologico <sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Trattamento_chirurgico">Trattamento chirurgico</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vaginosi&veaction=edit&section=13" title="Modifica la sezione Trattamento chirurgico" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vaginosi&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section's source code: Trattamento chirurgico"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Non è previsto alcun trattamento chirurgico per la condizione disbiotica in esame. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Trattamento_farmacologico">Trattamento farmacologico</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vaginosi&veaction=edit&section=14" title="Modifica la sezione Trattamento farmacologico" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vaginosi&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section's source code: Trattamento farmacologico"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r140554517">.mw-parser-output .chiarimento{background:#ffeaea;color:#444444}.mw-parser-output .chiarimento-apice{color:#EE0700}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .chiarimento{background:rgba(179,36,36,0.21);color:inherit}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .chiarimento-apice{color:#b32424}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .chiarimento{background:rgba(179,36,36,0.21);color:inherit}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .chiarimento-apice{color:#b32424}}</style><span class="chiarimento" title="Queste informazioni non sono comprovate da fonti attendibili.">Il trattamento è volto a ripristinare il giusto equilibrio della <a href="/wiki/Flora_batterica_vaginale" class="mw-redirect" title="Flora batterica vaginale">flora batterica vaginale</a>, e dunque si ricorre agli antibiotici (<a href="/wiki/Metronidazolo" title="Metronidazolo">metronidazolo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Clindamicina" title="Clindamicina">clindamicina</a>, ecc.) solamente quando possono insorgere complicanze, dato che questi attaccano indistintamente gli agenti infettivi e la normale flora vaginale; sono indicati dunque durante la <a href="/wiki/Gravidanza" title="Gravidanza">gravidanza</a>, prima di un <a href="/wiki/Chirurgia" title="Chirurgia">intervento chirurgico</a>, e così via.</span> <span class="chiarimento" title="Queste informazioni non sono comprovate da fonti attendibili.">Negli altri casi si ricorre a cure reintegrative di <i>Lactobacillus</i> volte al ripristino del pH fisiologico della vagina, naturalmente ostile allo sviluppo dei batteri responsabili della vaginosi.</span><sup class="noprint chiarimento-apice" title="Queste informazioni non sono comprovate da fonti attendibili.">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Uso_delle_fonti" title="Wikipedia:Uso delle fonti">senza fonte</a></i>]</sup> </p><p>Il metronidazolo è l'antibiotico più usato per la terapia della vaginosi, ma va ricordato che il batterio <a href="/wiki/Atopobium" title="Atopobium">Atopobium vaginae</a> è costituzionalmente resistente a questo antibiotico<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Prognosi">Prognosi</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vaginosi&veaction=edit&section=15" title="Modifica la sezione Prognosi" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vaginosi&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section's source code: Prognosi"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r139255918"><div class="ambox avviso-mini noprint metadata avviso-mini-informazioni plainlinks"> <div class="mbox-text"> <div class="mbox-text-div" style="display:flex; flex-direction:row; align-items:center; column-gap:5px;"><span class="mbox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Quill-Nuvola.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Sezione vuota"><img alt="Sezione vuota" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Quill-Nuvola.svg/20px-Quill-Nuvola.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Quill-Nuvola.svg/30px-Quill-Nuvola.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Quill-Nuvola.svg/40px-Quill-Nuvola.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="50" data-file-height="50" /></a></span></span><span style="width:100%"><b>Questa sezione  sull'argomento medicina è ancora vuota</b>. <a class="external text" href="https://it.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Vaginosi&action=edit">Aiutaci</a> a scriverla!</span></div> </div> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Postumi_e_follow_up">Postumi e follow up</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vaginosi&veaction=edit&section=16" title="Modifica la sezione Postumi e follow up" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vaginosi&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section's source code: Postumi e follow up"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r139255918"><div class="ambox avviso-mini noprint metadata avviso-mini-informazioni plainlinks"> <div class="mbox-text"> <div class="mbox-text-div" style="display:flex; flex-direction:row; align-items:center; column-gap:5px;"><span class="mbox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Quill-Nuvola.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Sezione vuota"><img alt="Sezione vuota" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Quill-Nuvola.svg/20px-Quill-Nuvola.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Quill-Nuvola.svg/30px-Quill-Nuvola.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Quill-Nuvola.svg/40px-Quill-Nuvola.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="50" data-file-height="50" /></a></span></span><span style="width:100%"><b>Questa sezione  sull'argomento medicina è ancora vuota</b>. <a class="external text" href="https://it.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Vaginosi&action=edit">Aiutaci</a> a scriverla!</span></div> </div> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Prevenzione">Prevenzione</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vaginosi&veaction=edit&section=17" title="Modifica la sezione Prevenzione" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vaginosi&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section's source code: Prevenzione"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>L'infezione provoca un'alterazione della <a href="/wiki/Flora_vaginale" title="Flora vaginale">flora vaginale</a> batterica, si verifica cioè una diminuzione del numero di <i><a href="/wiki/Lactobacillus_acidophilus" title="Lactobacillus acidophilus">Lactobacillus acidophilus</a></i> e di altri <a href="/wiki/Microrganismo" title="Microrganismo">microrganismi</a> normalmente presenti nella vagina e un aumento del numero di microrganismi infettivi. </p><p>Spesso la causa scatenante della vaginosi è proprio la diminuzione della flora vaginale, che provoca l'alterazione del <a href="/wiki/PH" title="PH">pH</a> della vagina che diventa così un terreno umido adatto allo sviluppo di batteri estranei. </p><p>La flora vaginale può alterarsi a seguito dell'uso improprio o eccessivo di lavande vaginali, durante l'uso di <a href="/wiki/Antibiotico" title="Antibiotico">antibiotici</a> e anche a seguito del contatto con lo <a href="/wiki/Sperma" title="Sperma">sperma</a> maschile, che modifica il pH della vagina rendendola un ambiente non adatto allo sviluppo di <i>Lactobacillus</i>; proprio per quest'ultimo motivo, pur non essendo una <a href="/wiki/Malattia_sessualmente_trasmissibile" title="Malattia sessualmente trasmissibile">malattia sessualmente trasmissibile</a> la vaginosi si presenta molto più frequentemente in donne sessualmente attive. </p><p>La vaginosi batterica è la seconda causa di <a href="/wiki/Incidenza_(epidemiologia)" title="Incidenza (epidemiologia)">incidenza</a> per la <a href="/wiki/Vaginite" title="Vaginite">vaginite</a>; provoca una perdita vaginale (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Leucorrea&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Leucorrea (la pagina non esiste)">leucorrea</a>) di colore bianco o grigio, densa e dall'odore caratteristico simile al pesce, soprattutto dopo il <a href="/wiki/Attivit%C3%A0_sessuale_umana" class="mw-redirect" title="Attività sessuale umana">coito</a>, che generalmente non è doloroso; spesso è asintomatica. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Note">Note</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vaginosi&veaction=edit&section=18" title="Modifica la sezione Note" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vaginosi&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section's source code: Note"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><a href="#cite_ref-1"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text">Rodriguez Jovita M, Collins MD, Sjödén B, Falsen E. Characterization of a novel Atopobium isolate from the human vagina: description of Atopobium vaginae sp. nov.Int J Syst Bacteriol. 1999 Oct;49 Pt 4:1573-6. <a class="external mw-magiclink-pmid" rel="nofollow" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10555338?dopt=Abstract">PMID 10555338</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><a href="#cite_ref-2"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text">Burton JP, Devillard E, Cadieux PA, Hammond JA, Reid G. Detection of Atopobium vaginae in postmenopausal women by cultivation-independent methods warrants further investigation. J Clin Microbiol 2004; 42: 1829-1831.<a class="external mw-magiclink-pmid" rel="nofollow" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15071062?dopt=Abstract">PMID 15071062</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Hensel-2010-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b>^</b> <sup><i><a href="#cite_ref-Hensel-2010_3-0">a</a></i></sup> <sup><i><a href="#cite_ref-Hensel-2010_3-1">b</a></i></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation pubblicazione" style="font-style:normal"> KJ. Hensel, TM. Randis; SE. Gelber; AJ. Ratner, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://oadoi.org/10.1016/j.ajog.2010.08.013"><span style="font-style:italic;">Pregnancy-specific association of vitamin D deficiency and bacterial vaginosis.</span></a>, in <span style="font-style:italic;">Am J Obstet Gynecol</span>, Sep 2010, <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" title="Digital object identifier">DOI</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.ajog.2010.08.013">10.1016/j.ajog.2010.08.013</a>, <a href="/wiki/PMID" title="PMID">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20887971">20887971</a>.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Shin-2010-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b>^</b> <sup><i><a href="#cite_ref-Shin-2010_4-0">a</a></i></sup> <sup><i><a href="#cite_ref-Shin-2010_4-1">b</a></i></sup> <sup><i><a href="#cite_ref-Shin-2010_4-2">c</a></i></sup> <sup><i><a href="#cite_ref-Shin-2010_4-3">d</a></i></sup> <sup><i><a href="#cite_ref-Shin-2010_4-4">e</a></i></sup> <sup><i><a href="#cite_ref-Shin-2010_4-5">f</a></i></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation pubblicazione" style="font-style:normal"> JS. Shin, MY. Choi; MS. Longtine; DM. Nelson, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://oadoi.org/10.1016/j.placenta.2010.08.015"><span style="font-style:italic;">Vitamin D effects on pregnancy and the placenta.</span></a>, in <span style="font-style:italic;">Placenta</span>, Sep 2010, <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" title="Digital object identifier">DOI</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.placenta.2010.08.015">10.1016/j.placenta.2010.08.015</a>, <a href="/wiki/PMID" title="PMID">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20863562">20863562</a>.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Lewis-2010-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b>^</b> <sup><i><a href="#cite_ref-Lewis-2010_5-0">a</a></i></sup> <sup><i><a href="#cite_ref-Lewis-2010_5-1">b</a></i></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation pubblicazione" style="font-style:normal"> S. Lewis, RM. Lucas; J. Halliday; AL. Ponsonby, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://oadoi.org/10.1002/mnfr.201000044"><span style="font-style:italic;">Vitamin D deficiency and pregnancy: from preconception to birth.</span></a>, in <span style="font-style:italic;">Mol Nutr Food Res</span>, vol. 54, n. 8, Aug 2010, pp. 1092-102, <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" title="Digital object identifier">DOI</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1002%2Fmnfr.201000044">10.1002/mnfr.201000044</a>, <a href="/wiki/PMID" title="PMID">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20440696">20440696</a>.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Zhang-2008-6"><a href="#cite_ref-Zhang-2008_6-0"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation pubblicazione" style="font-style:normal"> C. Zhang, C. Qiu; FB. Hu; RM. David; RM. van Dam; A. Bralley; MA. Williams, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://oadoi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0003753"><span style="font-style:italic;">Maternal plasma 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentrations and the risk for gestational diabetes mellitus.</span></a>, in <span style="font-style:italic;">PLoS One</span>, vol. 3, n. 11, 2008, pp. e3753, <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" title="Digital object identifier">DOI</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1371%2Fjournal.pone.0003753">10.1371/journal.pone.0003753</a>, <a href="/wiki/PMID" title="PMID">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19015731">19015731</a>.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Farrant-2009-7"><a href="#cite_ref-Farrant-2009_7-0"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation pubblicazione" style="font-style:normal"> HJ. Farrant, GV. Krishnaveni; JC. Hill; BJ. Boucher; DJ. Fisher; K. Noonan; C. Osmond; SR. Veena; CH. Fall, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://oadoi.org/10.1038/ejcn.2008.14"><span style="font-style:italic;">Vitamin D insufficiency is common in Indian mothers but is not associated with gestational diabetes or variation in newborn size.</span></a>, in <span style="font-style:italic;">Eur J Clin Nutr</span>, vol. 63, n. 5, maggio 2009, pp. 646-52, <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" title="Digital object identifier">DOI</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1038%2Fejcn.2008.14">10.1038/ejcn.2008.14</a>, <a href="/wiki/PMID" title="PMID">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18285809">18285809</a>.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Bodnar-2009-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b>^</b> <sup><i><a href="#cite_ref-Bodnar-2009_8-0">a</a></i></sup> <sup><i><a href="#cite_ref-Bodnar-2009_8-1">b</a></i></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation pubblicazione" style="font-style:normal"> LM. Bodnar, MA. Krohn; HN. Simhan, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/sim_journal-of-nutrition_2009-06_139_6/page/1157"><span style="font-style:italic;">Maternal vitamin D deficiency is associated with bacterial vaginosis in the first trimester of pregnancy.</span></a>, in <span style="font-style:italic;">J Nutr</span>, vol. 139, n. 6, Jun 2009, pp. 1157-61, <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" title="Digital object identifier">DOI</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.3945%2Fjn.108.103168">10.3945/jn.108.103168</a>, <a href="/wiki/PMID" title="PMID">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19357214">19357214</a>.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Merewood-2009-9"><a href="#cite_ref-Merewood-2009_9-0"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation pubblicazione" style="font-style:normal"> A. Merewood, SD. Mehta; TC. Chen; H. Bauchner; MF. Holick, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://oadoi.org/10.1210/jc.2008-1217"><span style="font-style:italic;">Association between vitamin D deficiency and primary cesarean section.</span></a>, in <span style="font-style:italic;">J Clin Endocrinol Metab</span>, vol. 94, n. 3, Mar 2009, pp. 940-5, <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" title="Digital object identifier">DOI</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1210%2Fjc.2008-1217">10.1210/jc.2008-1217</a>, <a href="/wiki/PMID" title="PMID">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19106272">19106272</a>.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Davis-2010-10"><a href="#cite_ref-Davis-2010_10-0"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation pubblicazione" style="font-style:normal"> LM. Davis, SC. Chang; J. Mancini; MS. Nathanson; FR. Witter; KO. O'Brien, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://oadoi.org/10.1016/j.jpag.2009.05.005"><span style="font-style:italic;">Vitamin D insufficiency is prevalent among pregnant African American adolescents.</span></a>, in <span style="font-style:italic;">J Pediatr Adolesc Gynecol</span>, vol. 23, n. 1, Feb 2010, pp. 45-52, <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" title="Digital object identifier">DOI</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.jpag.2009.05.005">10.1016/j.jpag.2009.05.005</a>, <a href="/wiki/PMID" title="PMID">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19643639">19643639</a>.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><a href="#cite_ref-11"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text">Menard JP, Mazouni C, Salem-Cherif I, Fenollar F, Raoult D, Boubli L, Gamerre M, Bretelle F.High vaginal concentrations of Atopobium vaginae and Gardnerella vaginalis in women undergoing preterm labor.Obstet Gynecol. 2010 Jan;115(1):134-40 <a class="external mw-magiclink-pmid" rel="nofollow" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20027045?dopt=Abstract">PMID 20027045</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><a href="#cite_ref-12"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text">Digiulio DB, Romero R, Kusanovic JP, Gómez R, Kim CJ, Seok KS, Gotsch F, Mazaki-Tovi S, Vaisbuch E, Sanders K, Bik EM, Chaiworapongsa T, Oyarzún E, Relman DA. Prevalence and Diversity of Microbes in the Amniotic Fluid, the Fetal Inflammatory Response, and Pregnancy Outcome in Women with Preterm Pre-Labor Rupture of Membranes. Am J Reprod Immunol. 2010 Mar 21. [Epub ahead of print] <a class="external mw-magiclink-pmid" rel="nofollow" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20331587?dopt=Abstract">PMID 20331587</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Nam-2009-13"><a href="#cite_ref-Nam-2009_13-0"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation pubblicazione" style="font-style:normal"> KH. Nam, YT. Kim; SR. Kim; SW. Kim; JW. Kim; MK. Lee; EJ. Nam; YW. Jung, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://oadoi.org/10.3802/jgo.2009.20.1.39"><span style="font-style:italic;">Association between bacterial vaginosis and cervical intraepithelial neoplasia.</span></a>, in <span style="font-style:italic;">J Gynecol Oncol</span>, vol. 20, n. 1, Mar 2009, pp. 39-43, <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" title="Digital object identifier">DOI</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.3802%2Fjgo.2009.20.1.39">10.3802/jgo.2009.20.1.39</a>, <a href="/wiki/PMID" title="PMID">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19471662">19471662</a>.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Sweet-2000-14"><a href="#cite_ref-Sweet-2000_14-0"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation pubblicazione" style="font-style:normal"> RL. Sweet, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://oadoi.org/10.1155/S1064744900000260"><span style="font-style:italic;">Gynecologic conditions and bacterial vaginosis: implications for the non-pregnant patient.</span></a>, in <span style="font-style:italic;">Infect Dis Obstet Gynecol</span>, vol. 8, n. 3-4, 2000, pp. 184-90, <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" title="Digital object identifier">DOI</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1155%2FS1064744900000260">10.1155/S1064744900000260</a>, <a href="/wiki/PMID" title="PMID">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10968604">10968604</a>.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Kharsany-1993-15"><a href="#cite_ref-Kharsany-1993_15-0"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation pubblicazione" style="font-style:normal"> AB. Kharsany, AA. Hoosen; J. Moodley; J. Bagaratee; E. Gouws, <span style="font-style:italic;">The association between sexually transmitted pathogens and cervical intra-epithelial neoplasia in a developing community.</span>, in <span style="font-style:italic;">Genitourin Med</span>, vol. 69, n. 5, Oct 1993, pp. 357-60, <a href="/wiki/PMID" title="PMID">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8244352">8244352</a>.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Hosono-2010-16"><a href="#cite_ref-Hosono-2010_16-0"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation pubblicazione" style="font-style:normal"> S. Hosono, K. Matsuo; H. Kajiyama; K. Hirose; T. Suzuki; T. Kawase; K. Kidokoro; T. Nakanishi; N. Hamajima; F. Kikkawa; K. Tajima, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://oadoi.org/10.1038/ejcn.2010.28"><span style="font-style:italic;">Association between dietary calcium and vitamin D intake and cervical carcinogenesis among Japanese women.</span></a>, in <span style="font-style:italic;">Eur J Clin Nutr</span>, vol. 64, n. 4, Apr 2010, pp. 400-9, <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" title="Digital object identifier">DOI</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1038%2Fejcn.2010.28">10.1038/ejcn.2010.28</a>, <a href="/wiki/PMID" title="PMID">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20197786">20197786</a>.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><a href="#cite_ref-17"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation pubblicazione" style="font-style:normal"> A. G. Maliavin, Iu A. Filiaeva e M. M. Umakhanova, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15216790/"><span style="font-style:italic;">[Halotherapy--a new treatment of bacterial vaginosis]</span></a>, in <span style="font-style:italic;">Voprosy Kurortologii, Fizioterapii, I Lechebnoi Fizicheskoi Kultury</span>, n. 3, 2004, pp. 35–37. <small>URL consultato il 5 agosto 2024</small>.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><a href="#cite_ref-18"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text">Ferris MJ, Masztal A, Aldridge KE, Fortenberry JD, Fidel PL Jr, Martin DH. Association of Atopobium vaginae, a recently described metronidazole resistant anaerobe, with bacterial vaginosis. BMC Infect Dis. 2004 Feb 13;4:5. <a class="external mw-magiclink-pmid" rel="nofollow" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15018635?dopt=Abstract">PMID 15018635</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><a href="#cite_ref-19"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text">Marrazzo JM. Evolving issues in understanding and treating bacterial vaginosis.Expert Rev Anti Infect Ther. 2004 Dec;2(6):913-22. <a class="external mw-magiclink-pmid" rel="nofollow" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15566334?dopt=Abstract">PMID 15566334</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><a href="#cite_ref-20"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text">Bradshaw CS, Tabrizi SN, Fairley CK, Morton AN, Rudland E, Garland SM.The association of Atopobium vaginae and Gardnerella vaginalis with bacterial vaginosis and recurrence after oral metronidazole therapy.J Infect Dis. 2006 Sep 15;194(6):828-36. Epub 2006 Aug 16. <a class="external mw-magiclink-pmid" rel="nofollow" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16941351?dopt=Abstract">PMID 16941351</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><a href="#cite_ref-21"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text">Swidsinski A, Mendling W, Loening-Baucke V, Swidsinski S, Dörffel Y, Scholze J, Lochs H, Verstraelen H.An adherent Gardnerella vaginalis biofilm persists on the vaginal epithelium after standard therapy with oral metronidazole.Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2008 Jan;198(1):97.e1-6. Epub 2007 Nov 19. <a class="external mw-magiclink-pmid" rel="nofollow" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18005928?dopt=Abstract">PMID 18005928</a></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Altri_progetti">Altri progetti</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vaginosi&veaction=edit&section=19" title="Modifica la sezione Altri progetti" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vaginosi&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section's source code: Altri progetti"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div id="interProject" class="toccolours" style="display: none; clear: both; margin-top: 2em"><p id="sisterProjects" style="background-color: #efefef; color: black; font-weight: bold; margin: 0"><span>Altri progetti</span></p><ul title="Collegamenti verso gli altri progetti Wikimedia"> <li class="" title=""><span class="plainlinks" title="commons:Category:Bacterial vaginosis"><a class="external text" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Bacterial_vaginosis?uselang=it">Wikimedia Commons</a></span></li></ul></div> <ul><li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/?uselang=it" title="Collabora a Wikimedia Commons"><img alt="Collabora a Wikimedia Commons" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="24" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/27px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/36px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span> <span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/?uselang=it">Wikimedia Commons</a></span> contiene immagini o altri file su <b><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Bacterial_vaginosis?uselang=it">vaginosi</a></span></b></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Collegamenti_esterni">Collegamenti esterni</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vaginosi&veaction=edit&section=20" title="Modifica la sezione Collegamenti esterni" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vaginosi&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section's source code: Collegamenti esterni"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><cite class="citation web" style="font-style:normal">(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="inglese">EN</abbr></span>) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cdc.gov/std/bv/stdfact-bacterial-vaginosis.htm"><span style="font-style:italic;">CDC -BV</span></a>, su <span style="font-style:italic;">cdc.gov</span>.</cite></li> <li><cite class="citation web" style="font-style:normal">(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="inglese">EN</abbr></span>) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070929134318/http://sn2000.taxonomy.nl/Main/Classification/112091.htm"><span style="font-style:italic;">Class. Microbilogica</span></a>, su <span style="font-style:italic;">sn2000.taxonomy.nl</span>. <small>URL consultato l'8 maggio 2010</small> <small>(archiviato dall'<abbr title="http://sn2000.taxonomy.nl/Main/Classification/112091.htm">url originale</abbr> il 29 settembre 2007)</small>.</cite></li></ul> <div class="noprint" style="width:100%; padding: 3px 0; display: flex; flex-wrap: wrap; row-gap: 4px; column-gap: 8px; box-sizing: border-box;"><div style="flex-grow: 1"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r140555418">.mw-parser-output .itwiki-template-occhiello{width:100%;line-height:25px;border:1px solid #CCF;background-color:#F0EEFF;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .itwiki-template-occhiello-progetto{background-color:#FAFAFA}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .itwiki-template-occhiello{background-color:#202122;border-color:#54595D}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .itwiki-template-occhiello-progetto{background-color:#282929}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .itwiki-template-occhiello{background-color:#202122;border-color:#54595D}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .itwiki-template-occhiello-progetto{background-color:#282929}}</style><div class="itwiki-template-occhiello"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Asclepius_staff.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Medicina"><img alt=" " src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Asclepius_staff.svg/13px-Asclepius_staff.svg.png" decoding="async" width="13" height="25" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Asclepius_staff.svg/19px-Asclepius_staff.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Asclepius_staff.svg/25px-Asclepius_staff.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="995" /></a></span> <b><a href="/wiki/Portale:Medicina" title="Portale:Medicina">Portale Medicina</a></b>: accedi alle voci di Wikipedia che trattano di medicina</div></div></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; 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