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class="list-unstyled ms-3"><li class="nav-item"> <a href="https://pax.unesco.org/countries/NationalCommissions.html" class="nav-link">National Commissions</a></li><li class="nav-item"> <a href="https://pax.unesco.org/PermanentDelegations/PermanentDelegationsAllFR.html" class="nav-link">Permanent Delegations</a></li></ul></li><li class="nav-item"> <a href="https://www.unesco.org/en/hq-committee" class="nav-link">Headquarters Committee</a></li><li class="nav-item"> <a href="http://core.unesco.org/" class="nav-link">Core Data Portal</a></li></ul></li><li class="nav-item"> <span class="nav-link dropdown-toggle">Statutory Documents</span><ul class="list-unstyled ms-3"><li class="nav-item"> <a href="https://unesdoc.unesco.org/collections/governing-bodies/headquarters-committee" class="nav-link">Headquarters Commitee</a></li><li class="nav-item"> <a href="https://unesdoc.unesco.org/collections/governing-bodies/general-conference" class="nav-link">General Conference documents</a></li><li class="nav-item"> <a href="https://unesdoc.unesco.org/collections/governing-bodies/executive-board" class="nav-link">Executive Board documents</a></li><li class="nav-item"> <a href="https://unesdoc.unesco.org/ark:/48223/pf0000378083_eng" class="nav-link">Medium-Term Strategy for 2022-2029 (41 C/4)</a></li><li class="nav-item"> <a href="https://unesdoc.unesco.org/ark:/48223/pf0000389188" class="nav-link">Approved programme and budget 2024-2025 (42 C/5)</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li class="nav-item"> <span class="nav-link dropdown-toggle">Resources</span><ul class="list-unstyled ms-3"><li class="nav-item"> <span class="nav-link dropdown-toggle">Documents</span><ul class="list-unstyled ms-3"><li class="nav-item"> <a href="https://unesdoc.unesco.org/" class="nav-link">UNESDOC - Digital library</a></li><li class="nav-item"> <a href="http://www.unesco.org/artcollection/jsps/welcome.jsp" class="nav-link">Art Collection</a></li><li class="nav-item"> <a href="https://www.unesco.org/archives/multimedia/" class="nav-link">Multimedia archives</a></li><li class="nav-item"> <a href="https://www.unesco.org/en/archives" class="nav-link">Archives</a></li><li class="nav-item"> <a href="https://courier.unesco.org/en" class="nav-link">UNESCO Courier</a></li><li class="nav-item"> <a href="https://www.flickr.com/photos/131897504@N08/albums" class="nav-link">Official Photo Gallery</a></li><li class="nav-item"> <a href="https://www.unesco.org/en/legal-affairs/basictexts" class="nav-link">Basic Texts</a></li></ul></li><li class="nav-item"> <span class="nav-link dropdown-toggle">Databases and Statistics</span><ul class="list-unstyled ms-3"><li class="nav-item"> <a href="https://core.unesco.org/en/home" class="nav-link">Core data portal</a></li><li class="nav-item"> <a href="https://www.unesco.org/en/key-data" class="nav-link">key data</a></li><li class="nav-item"> <a href="https://www.unesco.org/en/safety-journalists/observatory" class="nav-link">Observatory of killed Journalists</a></li><li class="nav-item"> <a href="http://uis.unesco.org/" class="nav-link">UNESCO Institute for Statistics</a></li><li class="nav-item"> <a href="https://www.education-inequalities.org/" class="nav-link">World Inequality Database on Education</a></li></ul></li><li class="nav-item"> <a href="https://www.unesco.org/en/classroom" class="nav-link dropdown-toggle">UNESCO Classroom</a><ul class="list-unstyled ms-3"><li class="nav-item"> <a href="https://www.unesco.org/en/campus" class="nav-link">UNESCO Campus</a></li></ul></li><li class="nav-item"> <a href="https://shop.unesco.org/en" class="nav-link">UNESCO Shop</a></li></ul></li></ul><div class="vocabulary--websites"><span class="title nav-link">All UNESCO websites</span><div class="right"><input aria-label="Search for a site or UNESCO entity" class="dynamic-search" placeholder="Search for a site or UNESCO entity" type="search" /><div class="wrapper-websites"><div data-letter="B" data-nid="419205" id="taxonomy-term-419205" class="taxonomy-term vocabulary-websites"> <a href="https://www.unesco.org/biennaleluanda/2021/en" title="Biennale of Luanda" target="_blank"><div class="content"><div class="title">Biennale of Luanda</div><div class="clearfix text-formatted field field--name-description field--type-text-long field--label-hidden field__item"><p>Pan-African Forum for the Culture of Peace</p></div></div> </a></div><div data-letter="C" data-nid="426910" id="taxonomy-term-426910" class="taxonomy-term vocabulary-websites"> <a href="https://core.unesco.org" title="Core Data Portal" target="_blank"><div class="content"><div class="title">Core Data Portal</div><div class="clearfix text-formatted field field--name-description field--type-text-long field--label-hidden field__item"><p>Public access to information is a key component of UNESCO's commitment to transparency and its accountability.</p></div></div> </a></div><div data-letter="D" data-nid="426556" id="taxonomy-term-426556" class="taxonomy-term vocabulary-websites"> <a href="https://www.unesco.org/creativity/en" title="Diversity of Cultural Expressions (2005 Convention)" target="_blank"><div class="content"><div class="title">Diversity of Cultural Expressions (2005 Convention)</div><div class="clearfix text-formatted field field--name-description field--type-text-long field--label-hidden field__item"><p>Based on human rights and fundamental freedoms, the 2005 Convention ultimately provides <strong>a new framework for informed, transparent and </strong></p></div></div> </a></div><div data-letter="E" data-nid="423651" id="taxonomy-term-423651" class="taxonomy-term vocabulary-websites"> <a href="https://www.unesco.org/interculturaldialogue/en" title="E-platform on Intercultural Dialogue" target="_blank"><div class="content"><div class="title">E-platform on Intercultural Dialogue</div><div class="clearfix text-formatted field field--name-description field--type-text-long field--label-hidden field__item"><p>UNESCO’s e-Platform on intercultural dialogue is designed for organizations and individuals to learn from shared knowledge or experiences from infl</p></div></div> </a></div><div data-letter="G" data-nid="434693" id="taxonomy-term-434693" class="taxonomy-term vocabulary-websites"><div class="content"><div class="title">GEM-reports</div></div></div><div data-letter="G" data-nid="423648" id="taxonomy-term-423648" class="taxonomy-term vocabulary-websites"> <a href="https://www.unesco.org/gem-report/en" title="Global Education Monitoring Report (GEM Report)" target="_blank"><div class="content"><div class="title">Global Education Monitoring Report (GEM Report)</div><div class="clearfix text-formatted field field--name-description field--type-text-long field--label-hidden field__item"><p>Established in 2002, the GEM Report is an editorially independent report, hosted and published by UNESCO.</p></div></div> </a></div><div data-letter="I" data-nid="426122" id="taxonomy-term-426122" class="taxonomy-term vocabulary-websites"> <a href="https://ich.unesco.org/en/" title="Intangible Culture Heritage (ICH)" target="_blank"><div class="content"><div class="title">Intangible Culture Heritage (ICH)</div></div> </a></div><div data-letter="I" data-nid="429335" id="taxonomy-term-429335" class="taxonomy-term vocabulary-websites"><div class="content"><div class="title">Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission of UNESCO (IOC)</div></div></div><div data-letter="I" data-nid="434571" id="taxonomy-term-434571" class="taxonomy-term vocabulary-websites"><div class="content"><div class="title">International Decade of Sciences for Sustainable Development</div></div></div><div data-letter="I" data-nid="434394" id="taxonomy-term-434394" class="taxonomy-term vocabulary-websites"><div class="content"><div class="title">International Year of Glaciers</div></div></div><div data-letter="M" data-nid="419206" id="taxonomy-term-419206" class="taxonomy-term vocabulary-websites"> <a href="https://www.unesco.org/mab/50anniversary/en" title="Man and the Biosphere - 50th Anniversary" target="_blank"><div class="content"><div class="title">Man and the Biosphere - 50th Anniversary</div></div> </a></div><div data-letter="R" data-nid="423647" id="taxonomy-term-423647" class="taxonomy-term vocabulary-websites"> <a href="https://www.unesco.org/reports/access-to-information/2021/en" title="Report on Public Access to Information (SDG 16.10.2) 2021" target="_blank"><div class="content"><div class="title">Report on Public Access to Information (SDG 16.10.2) 2021</div><div class="clearfix text-formatted field field--name-description field--type-text-long field--label-hidden field__item"><p>To recovery and beyond: The report takes stock of the global progress on the adoption and implementation of legal guarantees on Access to Info</p></div></div> </a></div><div data-letter="R" data-nid="423806" id="taxonomy-term-423806" class="taxonomy-term vocabulary-websites"> <a href="https://www.unesco.org/reports/reshaping-creativity/2022/en" title="Reshaping Policies for Creativity - 2022 Report" target="_blank"><div class="content"><div class="title">Reshaping Policies for Creativity - 2022 Report</div><div class="clearfix text-formatted field field--name-description field--type-text-long field--label-hidden field__item"><p>Addressing culture as a global public good</p></div></div> </a></div><div data-letter="S" data-nid="419207" id="taxonomy-term-419207" class="taxonomy-term vocabulary-websites"> <a href="https://www.unesco.org/reports/science/2021/en" title="Science Report 2021" target="_blank"><div class="content"><div class="title">Science Report 2021</div></div> </a></div><div data-letter="S" data-nid="432195" id="taxonomy-term-432195" class="taxonomy-term vocabulary-websites"><div class="content"><div class="title">Spotlight Children (GEM campaign)</div></div></div><div data-letter="T" data-nid="423658" id="taxonomy-term-423658" class="taxonomy-term vocabulary-websites"> <a href="https://courier.unesco.org/en" title="The UNESCO Courier" target="_blank"><div class="content"><div class="title">The UNESCO Courier</div><div class="clearfix text-formatted field field--name-description field--type-text-long field--label-hidden field__item"><p>For almost 75 years, <em>the UNESCO Courier</em> has served as a platform for international debates on issues that concern the entire pla</p></div></div> </a></div><div data-letter="U" data-nid="428474" id="taxonomy-term-428474" class="taxonomy-term vocabulary-websites"> <a href="https://www.unesco.org/reports/safety-journalists/2022/en" title="UNESCO Director-General's Report on the Safety of Journalists and the Danger of Impunity 2022" target="_blank"><div class="content"><div class="title">UNESCO Director-General's Report on the Safety of Journalists and the Danger of Impunity 2022</div></div> </a></div><div data-letter="U" data-nid="419208" id="taxonomy-term-419208" class="taxonomy-term vocabulary-websites"> <a href="https://www.uil.unesco.org/" title="UNESCO Institute for Lifelong Learning (UIL)" target="_blank"><div class="content"><div class="title">UNESCO Institute for Lifelong Learning (UIL)</div><div class="clearfix text-formatted field field--name-description field--type-text-long field--label-hidden field__item"><p>Lifelong learning is key to overcoming global challenges and to achieving the Sustainable Development Goals.</p></div></div> </a></div><div data-letter="U" data-nid="434368" id="taxonomy-term-434368" class="taxonomy-term vocabulary-websites"><div class="content"><div class="title">UNESCO Institute for Statistics (UIS)</div></div></div><div data-letter="U" data-nid="428475" id="taxonomy-term-428475" class="taxonomy-term vocabulary-websites"> <a href="https://www.ibe.unesco.org/" title="UNESCO International Bureau of Education" target="_blank"><div class="content"><div class="title">UNESCO International Bureau of Education</div></div> </a></div><div data-letter="U" data-nid="423652" id="taxonomy-term-423652" class="taxonomy-term vocabulary-websites"> <a href="http://www.iiep.unesco.org/" title="UNESCO International Institute for Educational Planning (IIEP)" target="_blank"><div class="content"><div class="title">UNESCO International Institute for Educational Planning (IIEP)</div></div> </a></div><div data-letter="U" data-nid="425968" id="taxonomy-term-425968" class="taxonomy-term vocabulary-websites"> <a href="https://www.iesalc.unesco.org/" title="UNESCO International Institute for Higher Education in Latin America and the Caribbean (IESALC)" target="_blank"><div class="content"><div class="title">UNESCO International Institute for Higher Education in Latin America and the Caribbean (IESALC)</div></div> </a></div><div data-letter="U" data-nid="429336" id="taxonomy-term-429336" class="taxonomy-term vocabulary-websites"> <a href="https://www.iicba.unesco.org/en" title="UNESCO's International Institute for Capacity Building in Africa (IICBA)" target="_blank"><div class="content"><div class="title">UNESCO's International Institute for Capacity Building in Africa (IICBA)</div></div> </a></div><div data-letter="U" data-nid="418330" id="taxonomy-term-418330" class="taxonomy-term vocabulary-websites"> <a href="https://www.unesco.org" title="UNESCO.org" target="_blank"><div class="content"><div class="title">UNESCO.org</div><div class="clearfix text-formatted field field--name-description field--type-text-long field--label-hidden field__item"><p>Main UNESCO website</p></div></div> </a></div><div data-letter="U" data-nid="424690" id="taxonomy-term-424690" class="taxonomy-term vocabulary-websites"> <a href="https://unesdoc.unesco.org/" title="UNESDOC" target="_blank"><div class="content"><div class="title">UNESDOC</div><div class="clearfix text-formatted field field--name-description field--type-text-long field--label-hidden field__item"><p>UNESCO Digital Library website.</p></div></div> </a></div><div data-letter="V" data-nid="434861" id="taxonomy-term-434861" class="taxonomy-term vocabulary-websites"><div class="content"><div class="title">Virtual Science Museum</div></div></div><div data-letter="W" data-nid="419210" id="taxonomy-term-419210" class="taxonomy-term vocabulary-websites"> <a href="https://whc.unesco.org/" title="World Heritage Convention (WHC)" target="_blank"><div class="content"><div class="title">World Heritage Convention (WHC)</div></div> </a></div><div data-letter="W" data-nid="423642" id="taxonomy-term-423642" class="taxonomy-term vocabulary-websites"> <a href="https://www.unesco.org/reports/world-media-trends/2021/en" title="World Trends in Freedom of Expression and Media Development - Global Report 2021-2022" target="_blank"><div class="content"><div class="title">World Trends in Freedom of Expression and Media Development - Global Report 2021-2022</div></div> </a></div><div data-letter="W" data-nid="433913" id="taxonomy-term-433913" class="taxonomy-term vocabulary-websites"><div class="content"><div class="title">World Water Development Report</div></div></div><div data-letter="W" data-nid="419204" id="taxonomy-term-419204" class="taxonomy-term vocabulary-websites"> <a href="http://www.unesco.org/reports/wwdr/2021/en" title="World Water Development Report 2021" target="_blank"><div class="content"><div class="title">World Water Development Report 2021</div><div class="clearfix text-formatted field field--name-description field--type-text-long field--label-hidden field__item"><p>The Value of water</p></div></div> </a></div><div data-letter="W" data-nid="423807" id="taxonomy-term-423807" class="taxonomy-term vocabulary-websites"> <a href="https://www.unesco.org/reports/wwdr/2022/en" title="World Water Development Report 2022" target="_blank"><div class="content"><div class="title">World Water Development Report 2022</div><div class="clearfix text-formatted field field--name-description field--type-text-long field--label-hidden field__item"><p>Groundwater, making the invisible visible</p></div></div> </a></div><div data-letter="W" data-nid="433448" id="taxonomy-term-433448" class="taxonomy-term vocabulary-websites"> <a href="https://www.unesco.org/reports/wwdr/2023/en" title="World Water Development Report 2023" target="_blank"><div class="content"><div class="title">World Water Development Report 2023</div></div> </a></div></div></div></div> </nav></div></div></div><div class="dropdown block block-unesco-common block-unesco-commonlanguage-blocklanguage-interface col-lg-1 col-md-12" id="block-languageswitcher"><div data-block="header"><button class="btn btn-link btn-link-white dropdown-toggle" data-bs-toggle="dropdown-menu" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="false">English</button><div class="dropdown-menu dropdown-menu-right" aria-labelledby="dropdownMenuButton"><ul class="language-switcher-language-url"><li hreflang="en" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/68274" 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</button></div><div class="sub-header"><div class="region region-sub-header row"><div class="site-name-wrapper block block-unesco-common block-unesco-common-site-name" id="block-unescositename"> <a href="/en" data-block="sub_header"><p class="site-name js-site-name">UNESCO</p></a></div><nav role="navigation" aria-labelledby="block-mainnavigation-menu" id="block-mainnavigation" class="block block-menu navigation menu--main navbar navbar-expand-lg navbar-dark col"><h5 class="visually-hidden" id="block-mainnavigation-menu">Main navigation</h5><div class="main-navigation collapse navbar-collapse" id="navbarNav"><ul data-region="sub_header" data-block="sub_header" class="menu nav navbar-nav menu-level-0"><li class="menu-item nav-item"> <span class="nav-link dropdown-toggle" data-bs-toggle="dropdown-menu" title="Expand menu Expertise">Expertise</span><div class="big menu_link_content menu-link-contentmain view-mode-level-0 dropdown-menu bg-primary menu-dropdown-0 menu-type-level_0"><div 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srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/submenu_tablet/public/2023-03/nav-xl_education.jpg?itok=NDU1Mcnn 1x" media="all and (min-width: 576px) and (max-width: 992px)" type="image/jpeg" width="163" height="216"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/submenu_mobile/public/2023-03/nav-xl_education.jpg?itok=DyPBy-9M 1x" media="all and (max-width: 575px)" type="image/jpeg" width="327" height="144"/> <img src="/sites/default/files/styles/submenu_mobile/public/2023-03/nav-xl_education.jpg?itok=DyPBy-9M" width="327" height="144" alt="" loading="lazy" class="img-fluid" /> </picture><span class="submenu-text">Education</span></div></a></div></li><li class="menu-item nav-item"> <a href="/en/natural-sciences" class="nav-link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/348">Natural Sciences</a><div class="menu_link_content menu-link-contentmain view-mode-level-1 level-1-submenu"> <a href="/en/natural-sciences" class="submenu"><div class="submenu-big card card-overlay"> <picture> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/submenu_desktop/public/2021-12/GettyImages-658909968.jpg.webp?itok=vayDruKQ 1x" media="all and (min-width: 993px)" type="image/webp" width="200" height="264"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/submenu_tablet/public/2021-12/GettyImages-658909968.jpg.webp?itok=mTL5vj-L 1x" media="all and (min-width: 576px) and (max-width: 992px)" type="image/webp" width="163" height="216"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/submenu_mobile/public/2021-12/GettyImages-658909968.jpg.webp?itok=Qb9qCxtV 1x" media="all and (max-width: 575px)" type="image/webp" width="327" height="144"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/submenu_desktop/public/2021-12/GettyImages-658909968.jpg?itok=vayDruKQ 1x" media="all and (min-width: 993px)" type="image/jpeg" width="200" height="264"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/submenu_tablet/public/2021-12/GettyImages-658909968.jpg?itok=mTL5vj-L 1x" media="all and (min-width: 576px) and (max-width: 992px)" type="image/jpeg" width="163" height="216"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/submenu_mobile/public/2021-12/GettyImages-658909968.jpg?itok=Qb9qCxtV 1x" media="all and (max-width: 575px)" type="image/jpeg" width="327" height="144"/> <img src="/sites/default/files/styles/submenu_mobile/public/2021-12/GettyImages-658909968.jpg?itok=Qb9qCxtV" width="327" height="144" alt="" loading="lazy" class="img-fluid" /> </picture><span class="submenu-text">Natural Sciences</span></div></a></div></li><li class="menu-item nav-item"> <a href="/en/social-human-sciences" class="nav-link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/355">Social and Human Sciences</a><div class="menu_link_content menu-link-contentmain view-mode-level-1 level-1-submenu"> <a href="/en/social-human-sciences" class="submenu"><div class="submenu-big card card-overlay"> <picture> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/submenu_desktop/public/2022-05/shshomepage_bjdega_1800px_0.jpg.webp?itok=23MFaBf4 1x" media="all and (min-width: 993px)" type="image/webp" width="200" height="264"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/submenu_tablet/public/2022-05/shshomepage_bjdega_1800px_0.jpg.webp?itok=Lbj-M5aq 1x" media="all and (min-width: 576px) and (max-width: 992px)" type="image/webp" width="163" height="216"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/submenu_mobile/public/2022-05/shshomepage_bjdega_1800px_0.jpg.webp?itok=VP8k9teF 1x" media="all and (max-width: 575px)" type="image/webp" width="327" height="144"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/submenu_desktop/public/2022-05/shshomepage_bjdega_1800px_0.jpg?itok=23MFaBf4 1x" media="all and (min-width: 993px)" type="image/jpeg" width="200" height="264"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/submenu_tablet/public/2022-05/shshomepage_bjdega_1800px_0.jpg?itok=Lbj-M5aq 1x" media="all and (min-width: 576px) and (max-width: 992px)" type="image/jpeg" width="163" height="216"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/submenu_mobile/public/2022-05/shshomepage_bjdega_1800px_0.jpg?itok=VP8k9teF 1x" media="all and (max-width: 575px)" type="image/jpeg" width="327" height="144"/> <img src="/sites/default/files/styles/submenu_mobile/public/2022-05/shshomepage_bjdega_1800px_0.jpg?itok=VP8k9teF" width="327" height="144" alt="" loading="lazy" class="img-fluid" /> </picture><span class="submenu-text">Social and Human Sciences</span></div></a></div></li><li class="menu-item nav-item"> <a href="/en/culture" class="nav-link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/365">Culture</a><div class="menu_link_content menu-link-contentmain view-mode-level-1 level-1-submenu"> <a href="/en/culture" class="submenu"><div class="submenu-big card card-overlay"> <picture> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/submenu_desktop/public/2021-11/pexels-min-an-1313814_1.jpg.webp?itok=AXL34OZb 1x" media="all and (min-width: 993px)" type="image/webp" width="200" height="264"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/submenu_tablet/public/2021-11/pexels-min-an-1313814_1.jpg.webp?itok=msvmcaWM 1x" media="all and (min-width: 576px) and (max-width: 992px)" type="image/webp" width="163" height="216"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/submenu_mobile/public/2021-11/pexels-min-an-1313814_1.jpg.webp?itok=qeXpCAxZ 1x" media="all and (max-width: 575px)" type="image/webp" width="327" height="144"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/submenu_desktop/public/2021-11/pexels-min-an-1313814_1.jpg?itok=AXL34OZb 1x" media="all and (min-width: 993px)" type="image/jpeg" width="200" height="264"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/submenu_tablet/public/2021-11/pexels-min-an-1313814_1.jpg?itok=msvmcaWM 1x" media="all and (min-width: 576px) and (max-width: 992px)" type="image/jpeg" width="163" height="216"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/submenu_mobile/public/2021-11/pexels-min-an-1313814_1.jpg?itok=qeXpCAxZ 1x" media="all and (max-width: 575px)" type="image/jpeg" width="327" height="144"/> <img src="/sites/default/files/styles/submenu_mobile/public/2021-11/pexels-min-an-1313814_1.jpg?itok=qeXpCAxZ" width="327" height="144" alt="" loading="lazy" class="img-fluid" /> </picture><span class="submenu-text">Culture</span></div></a></div></li><li class="menu-item nav-item"> <a href="/en/communication-information" class="nav-link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/370">Communication and Information</a><div class="menu_link_content menu-link-contentmain view-mode-level-1 level-1-submenu"> <a href="/en/communication-information" class="submenu"><div class="submenu-big card card-overlay"> <picture> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/submenu_desktop/public/2023-10/thumb-nav_ci_02.jpg.webp?itok=eJ-Ycr_I 1x" media="all and (min-width: 993px)" type="image/webp" width="200" height="264"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/submenu_tablet/public/2023-10/thumb-nav_ci_02.jpg.webp?itok=qvo5lSJk 1x" media="all and (min-width: 576px) and (max-width: 992px)" type="image/webp" width="163" height="216"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/submenu_mobile/public/2023-10/thumb-nav_ci_02.jpg.webp?itok=DHEQ5doq 1x" media="all and (max-width: 575px)" type="image/webp" width="327" height="144"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/submenu_desktop/public/2023-10/thumb-nav_ci_02.jpg?itok=eJ-Ycr_I 1x" media="all and (min-width: 993px)" type="image/jpeg" width="200" height="264"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/submenu_tablet/public/2023-10/thumb-nav_ci_02.jpg?itok=qvo5lSJk 1x" media="all and (min-width: 576px) and (max-width: 992px)" type="image/jpeg" width="163" height="216"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/submenu_mobile/public/2023-10/thumb-nav_ci_02.jpg?itok=DHEQ5doq 1x" media="all and (max-width: 575px)" type="image/jpeg" width="327" height="144"/> <img src="/sites/default/files/styles/submenu_mobile/public/2023-10/thumb-nav_ci_02.jpg?itok=DHEQ5doq" width="327" height="144" alt="" loading="lazy" class="img-fluid" /> </picture><span class="submenu-text">Communication and Information</span></div></a></div></li><li class="menu-item nav-item"> <a href="/en/ocean" class="nav-link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/66813">Ocean</a><div class="menu_link_content menu-link-contentmain view-mode-level-1 level-1-submenu"> <a href="/en/ocean" class="submenu"><div class="submenu-big card card-overlay"> <picture> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/submenu_desktop/public/2023-02/nv-xl_ioc_01.png.jpg.webp?itok=P_U8h-4H 1x" media="all and (min-width: 993px)" type="image/webp" width="200" height="264"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/submenu_tablet/public/2023-02/nv-xl_ioc_01.png.jpg.webp?itok=7I-KYwOk 1x" media="all and (min-width: 576px) and (max-width: 992px)" type="image/webp" width="163" height="216"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/submenu_mobile/public/2023-02/nv-xl_ioc_01.png.jpg.webp?itok=iCaATAKz 1x" media="all and (max-width: 575px)" type="image/webp" width="327" height="144"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/submenu_desktop/public/2023-02/nv-xl_ioc_01.png.jpg?itok=P_U8h-4H 1x" media="all and (min-width: 993px)" type="image/jpeg" width="200" height="264"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/submenu_tablet/public/2023-02/nv-xl_ioc_01.png.jpg?itok=7I-KYwOk 1x" media="all and (min-width: 576px) and (max-width: 992px)" type="image/jpeg" width="163" height="216"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/submenu_mobile/public/2023-02/nv-xl_ioc_01.png.jpg?itok=iCaATAKz 1x" media="all and (max-width: 575px)" type="image/jpeg" width="327" height="144"/> <img src="/sites/default/files/styles/submenu_mobile/public/2023-02/nv-xl_ioc_01.png.jpg?itok=iCaATAKz" width="327" height="144" alt="" loading="lazy" class="img-fluid" /> </picture><span class="submenu-text">Ocean</span></div></a></div></li><li class="menu-item nav-item"> <a href="/en/africa" class="nav-link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/378">Priority Africa</a><div class="menu_link_content menu-link-contentmain view-mode-level-1 level-1-submenu"> <a href="/en/africa" class="submenu"><div class="submenu-big card card-overlay"> <picture> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/submenu_desktop/public/2023-10/groupe-afro-americains-travaillant-ensemble%20%281%29%20%281%29.jpg.webp?itok=wp3K69dY 1x" media="all and (min-width: 993px)" type="image/webp" width="200" height="264"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/submenu_tablet/public/2023-10/groupe-afro-americains-travaillant-ensemble%20%281%29%20%281%29.jpg.webp?itok=DeTGS2cv 1x" media="all and (min-width: 576px) and (max-width: 992px)" type="image/webp" width="163" height="216"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/submenu_mobile/public/2023-10/groupe-afro-americains-travaillant-ensemble%20%281%29%20%281%29.jpg.webp?itok=mrtF24gl 1x" media="all and (max-width: 575px)" type="image/webp" width="327" height="144"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/submenu_desktop/public/2023-10/groupe-afro-americains-travaillant-ensemble%20%281%29%20%281%29.jpg?itok=wp3K69dY 1x" media="all and (min-width: 993px)" type="image/jpeg" width="200" height="264"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/submenu_tablet/public/2023-10/groupe-afro-americains-travaillant-ensemble%20%281%29%20%281%29.jpg?itok=DeTGS2cv 1x" media="all and (min-width: 576px) and (max-width: 992px)" type="image/jpeg" width="163" height="216"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/submenu_mobile/public/2023-10/groupe-afro-americains-travaillant-ensemble%20%281%29%20%281%29.jpg?itok=mrtF24gl 1x" media="all and (max-width: 575px)" type="image/jpeg" width="327" height="144"/> <img src="/sites/default/files/styles/submenu_mobile/public/2023-10/groupe-afro-americains-travaillant-ensemble%20%281%29%20%281%29.jpg?itok=mrtF24gl" width="327" height="144" alt="" loading="lazy" class="img-fluid" /> </picture><span class="submenu-text">Priority Africa</span></div></a></div></li><li class="menu-item nav-item"> <a href="/en/gender-equality" class="nav-link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/375">Priority Gender Equality</a><div class="menu_link_content menu-link-contentmain view-mode-level-1 level-1-submenu"> <a href="/en/gender-equality" class="submenu"><div class="submenu-big card card-overlay"> <picture> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/submenu_desktop/public/2022-10/fitforlife_visual_1760px.jpg.webp?itok=UIbtw61b 1x" media="all and (min-width: 993px)" type="image/webp" width="200" height="264"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/submenu_tablet/public/2022-10/fitforlife_visual_1760px.jpg.webp?itok=avtgOocJ 1x" media="all and (min-width: 576px) and (max-width: 992px)" type="image/webp" width="163" height="216"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/submenu_mobile/public/2022-10/fitforlife_visual_1760px.jpg.webp?itok=1Y6RMwwt 1x" media="all and (max-width: 575px)" type="image/webp" width="327" height="144"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/submenu_desktop/public/2022-10/fitforlife_visual_1760px.jpg?itok=UIbtw61b 1x" media="all and (min-width: 993px)" type="image/jpeg" width="200" height="264"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/submenu_tablet/public/2022-10/fitforlife_visual_1760px.jpg?itok=avtgOocJ 1x" media="all and (min-width: 576px) and (max-width: 992px)" type="image/jpeg" width="163" height="216"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/submenu_mobile/public/2022-10/fitforlife_visual_1760px.jpg?itok=1Y6RMwwt 1x" media="all and (max-width: 575px)" type="image/jpeg" width="327" height="144"/> <img src="/sites/default/files/styles/submenu_mobile/public/2022-10/fitforlife_visual_1760px.jpg?itok=1Y6RMwwt" width="327" height="144" alt="" loading="lazy" class="img-fluid" /> </picture><span class="submenu-text">Priority Gender Equality</span></div></a></div></li></ul></div></div></div></div></li><li class="menu-item nav-item"> <span class="nav-link dropdown-toggle" data-bs-toggle="dropdown-menu" title="Expand menu Impact">Impact</span><div class="big menu_link_content menu-link-contentmain view-mode-level-0 dropdown-menu bg-primary menu-dropdown-0 menu-type-level_0"><div class="row submenu-wrapper"><div class="left-wrapper col-lg-3 col-md-12"><div class="field field--name-field-description field--type-string-long field--label-hidden field__item">Discover UNESCO's impact around the world and the organisation's endeavour to build durable peace.</div><div class="field field--name-field-links field--type-link field--label-hidden menu-links field__items"><div class="field__item menu-link"><a class="btn btn-secondary" href="/en/brief/impact">Our impact</a></div><div class="field__item menu-link"><a class="btn btn-secondary" href="/en/strategic-objectives">Strategic objectives</a></div></div></div><div class="right-wrapper col-lg-9 col-md-12"><div class="main-navigation collapse navbar-collapse" id="navbarNav"><ul class="menu nav navbar-nav menu-level-1"><li class="menu-item nav-item"> <a href="/en/legal-affairs" class="nav-link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/66535">International standards and legal texts</a><div class="menu_link_content menu-link-contentmain view-mode-level-1 level-1-submenu"> <a href="/en/legal-affairs" class="submenu"><div class="submenu-big card card-overlay"> <picture> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/submenu_desktop/article/2022-12/shutterstock_380912410.jpg.webp?itok=6HETkDAo 1x" media="all and (min-width: 993px)" type="image/webp" width="200" height="264"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/submenu_tablet/article/2022-12/shutterstock_380912410.jpg.webp?itok=_EDMUIaO 1x" media="all and (min-width: 576px) and (max-width: 992px)" type="image/webp" width="163" height="216"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/submenu_mobile/article/2022-12/shutterstock_380912410.jpg.webp?itok=lN8YYxno 1x" media="all and (max-width: 575px)" type="image/webp" width="327" height="144"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/submenu_desktop/article/2022-12/shutterstock_380912410.jpg?itok=6HETkDAo 1x" media="all and (min-width: 993px)" type="image/jpeg" width="200" height="264"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/submenu_tablet/article/2022-12/shutterstock_380912410.jpg?itok=_EDMUIaO 1x" media="all and (min-width: 576px) and (max-width: 992px)" type="image/jpeg" width="163" height="216"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/submenu_mobile/article/2022-12/shutterstock_380912410.jpg?itok=lN8YYxno 1x" media="all and (max-width: 575px)" type="image/jpeg" width="327" height="144"/> <img src="/sites/default/files/styles/submenu_mobile/article/2022-12/shutterstock_380912410.jpg?itok=lN8YYxno" width="327" height="144" alt="" loading="lazy" class="img-fluid" /> </picture><span class="submenu-text">International standards and legal texts</span></div></a></div></li><li class="menu-item nav-item"> <a href="/en/conventionslist" class="nav-link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/132604">Cooperation tools</a><div class="menu_link_content menu-link-contentmain view-mode-level-1 level-1-submenu"> <a href="/en/conventionslist" class="submenu"><div class="submenu-big card card-overlay"> <picture> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/submenu_desktop/public/2024-03/Card%20-%20publications.jpg.webp?itok=Q_racg_u 1x" media="all and (min-width: 993px)" type="image/webp" width="200" height="264"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/submenu_tablet/public/2024-03/Card%20-%20publications.jpg.webp?itok=0cE-mSyk 1x" media="all and (min-width: 576px) and (max-width: 992px)" type="image/webp" width="163" height="216"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/submenu_mobile/public/2024-03/Card%20-%20publications.jpg.webp?itok=Z56D1J_p 1x" media="all and (max-width: 575px)" type="image/webp" width="327" height="144"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/submenu_desktop/public/2024-03/Card%20-%20publications.jpg?itok=Q_racg_u 1x" media="all and (min-width: 993px)" type="image/jpeg" width="200" height="264"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/submenu_tablet/public/2024-03/Card%20-%20publications.jpg?itok=0cE-mSyk 1x" media="all and (min-width: 576px) and (max-width: 992px)" type="image/jpeg" width="163" height="216"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/submenu_mobile/public/2024-03/Card%20-%20publications.jpg?itok=Z56D1J_p 1x" media="all and (max-width: 575px)" type="image/jpeg" width="327" height="144"/> <img src="/sites/default/files/styles/submenu_mobile/public/2024-03/Card%20-%20publications.jpg?itok=Z56D1J_p" width="327" height="144" alt="" loading="lazy" class="img-fluid" /> </picture><span class="submenu-text">Cooperation tools</span></div></a></div></li><li class="menu-item nav-item"> <a href="/en/lists-designations" class="nav-link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/66210">Lists and designations</a><div class="menu_link_content menu-link-contentmain view-mode-level-1 level-1-submenu"> <a href="/en/lists-designations" class="submenu"><div class="submenu-big card card-overlay"> <picture> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/submenu_desktop/public/2021-10/machu%20pichu%20shutterstock.jpg.webp?itok=Ct778Ps0 1x" media="all and (min-width: 993px)" type="image/webp" width="200" height="264"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/submenu_tablet/public/2021-10/machu%20pichu%20shutterstock.jpg.webp?itok=_o_cx-TP 1x" media="all and (min-width: 576px) and (max-width: 992px)" type="image/webp" width="163" height="216"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/submenu_mobile/public/2021-10/machu%20pichu%20shutterstock.jpg.webp?itok=pHZnN1QM 1x" media="all and (max-width: 575px)" type="image/webp" width="327" height="144"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/submenu_desktop/public/2021-10/machu%20pichu%20shutterstock.jpg?itok=Ct778Ps0 1x" media="all and (min-width: 993px)" type="image/jpeg" width="200" height="264"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/submenu_tablet/public/2021-10/machu%20pichu%20shutterstock.jpg?itok=_o_cx-TP 1x" media="all and (min-width: 576px) and (max-width: 992px)" type="image/jpeg" width="163" height="216"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/submenu_mobile/public/2021-10/machu%20pichu%20shutterstock.jpg?itok=pHZnN1QM 1x" media="all and (max-width: 575px)" type="image/jpeg" width="327" height="144"/> <img src="/sites/default/files/styles/submenu_mobile/public/2021-10/machu%20pichu%20shutterstock.jpg?itok=pHZnN1QM" width="327" height="144" alt="" loading="lazy" class="img-fluid" /> </picture><span class="submenu-text">Lists and designations</span></div></a></div></li><li class="menu-item nav-item"> <a href="/en/laboratory-ideas" class="nav-link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/745">Laboratory of Ideas</a><div class="menu_link_content menu-link-contentmain view-mode-level-1 level-1-submenu"> <a href="/en/laboratory-ideas" class="submenu"><div class="submenu-big card card-overlay"> <picture> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/submenu_desktop/public/2024-12/shutterstock_2284267021.jpg.webp?itok=0eHBlU1c 1x" media="all and (min-width: 993px)" type="image/webp" width="200" height="264"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/submenu_tablet/public/2024-12/shutterstock_2284267021.jpg.webp?itok=YMguqask 1x" media="all and (min-width: 576px) and (max-width: 992px)" type="image/webp" width="163" height="216"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/submenu_mobile/public/2024-12/shutterstock_2284267021.jpg.webp?itok=r-z_Oi28 1x" media="all and (max-width: 575px)" type="image/webp" width="327" height="144"/> <source 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Find the latest ideas, publications and reports.</div><div class="field field--name-field-links field--type-link field--label-hidden menu-links field__items"><div class="field__item menu-link"><a class="btn btn-secondary" href="https://www.unesco.org/en/ideas-data">Laboratory of Ideas</a></div></div></div><div class="right-wrapper col-lg-9 col-md-12"><div class="main-navigation collapse navbar-collapse" id="navbarNav"><ul class="menu nav navbar-nav menu-level-1"><li class="menu-item nav-item"> <a href="/en/publications" class="nav-link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/67076">Publications</a><div class="menu_link_content menu-link-contentmain view-mode-level-1 level-1-submenu"> <a href="/en/publications" class="submenu"><div class="submenu-big card card-overlay"> <picture> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/submenu_desktop/public/2022-03/shutterstock_268007354.jpg.webp?itok=5Up0MwQu 1x" media="all and (min-width: 993px)" type="image/webp" width="200" height="264"/> <source 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node--view-mode-header"><div class="node__content"><div class="header-hub"><div class="hero-wrapper"><div class="field field--name-field-ref-image field--type-entity-reference field--label-hidden field__item"><div class="media media--type-image media--view-mode-banner"><div class="field field--name-field-media-image field--type-image field--label-hidden field__item"> <picture> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/banner_desktop/public/2022-04/tnc_84039914_preview.jpg.webp?itok=VOli0NS8 1x" media="all and (min-width: 993px)" type="image/webp" width="1920" height="792"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/banner_tablet/public/2022-04/tnc_84039914_preview.jpg.webp?itok=QWaPn72k 1x" media="all and (min-width: 576px) and (max-width: 992px)" type="image/webp" width="800" height="406"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/banner_mobile/public/2022-04/tnc_84039914_preview.jpg.webp?itok=XOiIFros 1x" media="all and (max-width: 575px)" type="image/webp" width="400" height="512"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/banner_desktop/public/2022-04/tnc_84039914_preview.jpg?itok=VOli0NS8 1x" media="all and (min-width: 993px)" type="image/jpeg" width="1920" height="792"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/banner_tablet/public/2022-04/tnc_84039914_preview.jpg?itok=QWaPn72k 1x" media="all and (min-width: 576px) and (max-width: 992px)" type="image/jpeg" width="800" height="406"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/banner_mobile/public/2022-04/tnc_84039914_preview.jpg?itok=XOiIFros 1x" media="all and (max-width: 575px)" type="image/jpeg" width="400" height="512"/> <img loading="eager" importance="high" src="/sites/default/files/styles/banner_mobile/public/2022-04/tnc_84039914_preview.jpg?itok=XOiIFros" width="400" height="512" alt="Toson-Khulstai Biosphere Reserve, Mongolia" class="img-fluid" /> </picture></div><div class="field field--name-field-copyright field--type-string field--label-hidden field__item">UNESCO/Toson-Khulstai Biosphere Reserve</div></div></div><div class="header-texts"><div><a href="/en/mab" class="title" hreflang="en">Man and the Biosphere Programme (MAB)</a></div></div></div><div class="hub-menu-header hub-header-66369"><ul class="menu menu-lvl1"><li class="menu-item"> <a href="/en/mab" hreflang="en">Home</a></li><li class="menu-item menu-item--expanded"> <a href="https://www.unesco.org/en" data-drupal-link-system-path="<front>">About MAB</a><div class="lvl1-wrapper"><ul class="menu menu-lvl2"><li class="menu-item"> <a href="/en/mab/about" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/86081">Mission</a></li><li class="menu-item"> <a href="/en/node/133044" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/133044">Strategy and roadmap</a></li><li class="menu-item"> <a href="/en/mab/secretariat" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/86203">Secretariat and contact</a></li><li class="menu-item"> <a href="/en/mab/governance" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/82167">Governance</a></li></ul></div></li><li class="menu-item menu-item--expanded"> <a href="https://www.unesco.org/en" data-drupal-link-system-path="<front>">Our impact</a><div class="lvl1-wrapper"><ul class="menu menu-lvl2"><li class="menu-item"> <span>Activities and projects (pending)</span></li><li class="menu-item"> <span>Good practices, (pending)</span></li><li class="menu-item"> <a href="/en/mab/awards" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/77989">Prizes and awards</a></li></ul></div></li><li class="menu-item menu-item--expanded"> <a href="https://www.unesco.org/en" data-drupal-link-system-path="<front>">World Network of Biosphere Reserves</a><div class="lvl1-wrapper"><ul class="menu menu-lvl2"><li class="menu-item menu-item--expanded"> <span>Full list of biosphere reserves</span><ul class="menu menu-lvl3"><li class="menu-item"> <a href="/en/mab/map" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/66369/map">World map</a></li><li class="menu-item"> <a href="/en/mab/list" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/66369/list">The list by country</a></li></ul></li><li class="menu-item menu-item--expanded"> <a href="/en/mab/wnbr/about" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/68274" class="is-active" aria-current="page">What are biosphere reserves?</a><ul class="menu menu-lvl3"><li class="menu-item"> <a href="/en/mab/wnbr/designation" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/86091">Designation and review</a></li></ul></li><li class="menu-item"> <a href="/en/mab/networks" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/100273">Networks</a></li></ul></div></li><li class="icon-external menu-item"> <a href="https://unesdoc.unesco.org/ark:/48223/pf0000375692">Technical guidelines</a></li></ul></div></div></div> </article><div class="node__content"><div class="header-landing"><h1 class="title article-title">What are biosphere reserves?</h1></div><div class="field field--name-field-paragraphs field--type-entity-reference-revisions field--label-hidden field__items"><div class="field__item"><div id="" class="paragraph paragraph--type--rich-text paragraph--view-mode--default"><div class="rich-text clearfix text-formatted field field--name-field-text field--type-text-long field--label-hidden field__item"><p>Biosphere reserves are ‘learning places for sustainable development’. They are sites for testing interdisciplinary approaches to understanding and managing changes and interactions between social and ecological systems, including conflict prevention and management of biodiversity. They are places that provide local solutions to global challenges. Biosphere reserves include terrestrial, marine and coastal ecosystems. Each site promotes solutions reconciling the conservation of biodiversity with its sustainable use.</p><p>Biosphere reserves are nominated by national governments and remain under the sovereign jurisdiction of the states where they are located. Biosphere Reserves are designated under the intergovernmental MAB Programme by the Director-General of UNESCO following the decisions of the MAB International Coordinating Council (MAB-ICC). Their status is internationally recognized. Member States can submit sites through the <a href="https://en.unesco.org/biosphere/designation">designation process</a>.</p></div></div></div><div class="field__item"><div id="" class="paragraph paragraph--type--cards-landing paragraph--view-mode--default"><div class="field field--name-field-description field--type-string-long field--label-hidden field__item">Biosphere Reserves involve local communities and all interested stakeholders in planning and management.</div><div class="row"><div class="col-sm-6 col-lg-4 col-xl-3"><div class="card card-height-fixed card-text"><div class="card-body"><div class="card-title">They integrate three main "functions":</div></div></div></div><div class="col-sm-6 col-lg-4 col-xl-3"><div class="card card-height-fixed card-text card-overlay" data-uri-image-style="/sites/default/files/styles/card_1_column/public/2022-08/biodiversit%C3%A9-image1_0.jpg?itok=igVI_6xw" data-uri-image-style-mobile="/sites/default/files/styles/card_1_column/public/2022-08/biodiversit%C3%A9-image1_0.jpg?itok=igVI_6xw"><div class="card-body"><div class="card-title">Conservation</div><div class="card-text"><p>of biodiversity and cultural diversity</p></div></div></div></div><div class="col-sm-6 col-lg-4 col-xl-3"><div class="card card-height-fixed card-text card-overlay" data-uri-image-style="/sites/default/files/styles/card_1_column/public/fogo_biosphere_reserve_market.jpg?itok=G9SpgvWS" data-uri-image-style-mobile="/sites/default/files/styles/card_1_column/public/fogo_biosphere_reserve_market.jpg?itok=G9SpgvWS"><div class="card-body"><div class="card-title">Economic development</div><div class="card-text"><p>that is socio-culturally and environmentally sustainable</p></div></div></div></div><div class="col-sm-6 col-lg-4 col-xl-3"><div class="card card-height-fixed card-text card-overlay" data-uri-image-style="/sites/default/files/styles/card_1_column/public/2022-09/shutterstock_1520793011.jpg?itok=_Phk8-oR" data-uri-image-style-mobile="/sites/default/files/styles/card_1_column/public/2022-09/shutterstock_1520793011.jpg?itok=_Phk8-oR"><div class="card-body"><div class="card-title">Logistic support</div><div class="card-text"><p>underpinning development through research, monitoring, education and training</p></div></div></div></div></div></div></div><div class="field__item"><div id="" class="paragraph paragraph--type--rich-text paragraph--view-mode--default"><div class="rich-text clearfix text-formatted field field--name-field-text field--type-text-long field--label-hidden field__item"><p>These three functions are pursued through the Biosphere Reserves' three main zones</p></div></div></div><div class="field__item"><div id="" class="paragraph-border right paragraph paragraph--type--text-media-block paragraph--view-mode--default"><div class="row"><div class="wrapper-infos col-lg-6"><div class="rich-text clearfix text-formatted field field--name-field-text field--type-text-long field--label-hidden field__item"><h3>Core areas (3)</h3><p>They comprise a strictly protected zone that contributes to the conservation of landscapes, ecosystems, species and genetic variation</p><h3>Buffer zones (2)</h3><p>They surround or adjoin the core area(s), and are used for activities compatible with sound ecological practices that can reinforce scientific research, monitoring, training and education.</p><h3>Transition area (1)</h3><p>The transition area is where communities foster socio-culturally and ecologically sustainable economic and human activities.</p></div></div><div class="wrapper-image col-lg-6"><div class="field field--name-field-ref-image field--type-entity-reference field--label-hidden field__item"><div class="media media--type-image media--view-mode-medium"><div class="field field--name-field-media-image field--type-image field--label-hidden field__item"> <picture> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/paragraph_medium_desktop/public/2023-09/zonation_biosphere_reserves.png.jpg.webp?itok=tBKuYFZi 1x" media="all and (min-width: 993px)" type="image/webp" width="610" height="424"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/paragraph_medium_tablet/public/2023-09/zonation_biosphere_reserves.png.jpg.webp?itok=RUMO5hTH 1x" media="all and (min-width: 576px) and (max-width: 992px)" type="image/webp" width="700" height="487"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/paragraph_medium_mobile/public/2023-09/zonation_biosphere_reserves.png.jpg.webp?itok=Xfl5p6EX 1x" media="all and (max-width: 575px)" type="image/webp" width="327" height="227"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/paragraph_medium_desktop/public/2023-09/zonation_biosphere_reserves.png.jpg?itok=tBKuYFZi 1x" media="all and (min-width: 993px)" type="image/jpeg" width="610" height="424"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/paragraph_medium_tablet/public/2023-09/zonation_biosphere_reserves.png.jpg?itok=RUMO5hTH 1x" media="all and (min-width: 576px) and (max-width: 992px)" type="image/jpeg" width="700" height="487"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/paragraph_medium_mobile/public/2023-09/zonation_biosphere_reserves.png.jpg?itok=Xfl5p6EX 1x" media="all and (max-width: 575px)" type="image/jpeg" width="327" height="227"/> <img loading="lazy" src="/sites/default/files/styles/paragraph_medium_desktop/public/2023-09/zonation_biosphere_reserves.png.jpg?itok=tBKuYFZi" width="610" height="424" alt="Zonation of biosphere reserves" class="img-fluid" /> </picture></div></div><div class="media--copyright field field--name-field-copyright field--type-string field--label-hidden field__item">UNESCO / delhambre</div></div></div></div></div></div><div class="field__item"><div id="technical-guidelines-for-biosphere-reserves" class="paragraph-simple paragraph paragraph--type--document paragraph--view-mode--default"><div class="document-wrapper"><div class="document-infos"><div class="document-texts"><div class="field field--name-field-title field--type-string field--label-hidden field__item">Technical guidelines for biosphere reserves</div><div class="document-infos--subtitle"><div class="field field--name-field-text-authors field--type-string field--label-hidden field__items"><div class="field__item">UNESCO</div></div><div class="field field--name-field-date-text field--type-string field--label-hidden field__item">2022</div></div><div class="rich-text clearfix text-formatted field field--name-field-text field--type-text-long field--label-hidden field__item"><p>In order to assist the stakeholders with the designation process, as well as periodic reviews, Technical Guidelines are being progressively created by the MAB International Co-ordinating Council.</p></div></div><div class="document-actions"><div class="dropdown"><button class="btn btn-outline-primary dropdown-toggle" type="button" id="document-31032" data-bs-toggle="dropdown">Read more in...</button><div aria-labelledby="document-31032" class="dropdown-menu document-menu"><div class="search-autocomplete"><div class="js-form-item form-item js-form-type-textfield form-type-textfield js-form-item- form-item-"> <input placeholder="Find a language" data-facet-options="facet-search-pouet" type="text" size="60" maxlength="128" class="form-text form-control" /></div></div><div class="item-list"><ul><li><a href="https://unesdoc.unesco.org/ark:/48223/pf0000375692_eng" target="_blank" data-title="Technical guidelines for biosphere reserves" data-lang="English" data-sdg="" data-hub="" data-website="">English</a></li><li><a href="https://unesdoc.unesco.org/ark:/48223/pf0000375692_fre" target="_blank" data-title="Technical guidelines for biosphere reserves" data-lang="French" data-sdg="" data-hub="" data-website="">French</a></li><li><a href="https://unesdoc.unesco.org/ark:/48223/pf0000375692_spa" target="_blank" data-title="Technical guidelines for biosphere reserves" data-lang="Spanish" data-sdg="" data-hub="" data-website="">Spanish</a></li></ul></div></div></div></div></div><div class="document-image"><div class="field field--name-field-media-image field--type-image field--label-hidden field__item"> <picture> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/document_block_wide/public/unesdoc_medias/0000375692.png.jpg.webp?itok=QenkLPHs 1x" media="all and (min-width: 993px)" type="image/webp" width="209" height="296"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/document_block_mobile/public/unesdoc_medias/0000375692.png.jpg.webp?itok=kwf42Y4X 1x" media="all and (min-width: 576px) and (max-width: 992px)" type="image/webp" width="188" height="266"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/document_block_mobile/public/unesdoc_medias/0000375692.png.jpg.webp?itok=kwf42Y4X 1x" media="all and (max-width: 575px)" type="image/webp" width="188" height="266"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/document_block_wide/public/unesdoc_medias/0000375692.png.jpg?itok=QenkLPHs 1x" media="all and (min-width: 993px)" type="image/jpeg" width="209" height="296"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/document_block_mobile/public/unesdoc_medias/0000375692.png.jpg?itok=kwf42Y4X 1x" media="all and (min-width: 576px) and (max-width: 992px)" type="image/jpeg" width="188" height="266"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/document_block_mobile/public/unesdoc_medias/0000375692.png.jpg?itok=kwf42Y4X 1x" media="all and (max-width: 575px)" type="image/jpeg" width="188" height="266"/> <img loading="lazy" src="/sites/default/files/styles/document_block_mobile/public/unesdoc_medias/0000375692.png.jpg?itok=kwf42Y4X" width="188" height="266" alt="0000375692" class="img-fluid" /> </picture></div></div></div></div></div><div class="field__item"><div id="world-network-of-biosphere-reserves" class="paragraph-border left big-text paragraph paragraph--type--text-media-block paragraph--view-mode--default"><div class="row"><div class="wrapper-infos col-lg-6"><div class="field field--name-field-title field--type-string field--label-hidden field__item"><h2>World Network of Biosphere Reserves</h2></div><div class="rich-text clearfix text-formatted field field--name-field-text field--type-text-long field--label-hidden field__item"><p>The World Network of Biosphere Reserves (WNBR) consists of a dynamic and interactive network of sites of excellence.<strong> </strong>It promotes North-South, South-South and South-North-South collaboration and represents a unique tool for international cooperation through the exchange of experiences and know-how, capacity-building and the promotion of best practices among Biosphere Reserves.</p></div><div class="field field--name-field-links field--type-link field--label-hidden field__items"><div class="field__item"><a href="https://www.unesco.org/en/mab/map" class="btn btn-primary btn-arrow-right">Discover the Network</a></div></div></div><div class="wrapper-image col-lg-6"><div class="field field--name-field-ref-image field--type-entity-reference field--label-hidden field__item"><div class="media media--type-image media--view-mode-medium"><div class="field field--name-field-media-image field--type-image field--label-hidden field__item"> <picture> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/paragraph_medium_desktop/public/2022-09/thumbmap_map_WNBR_2020.jpg.webp?itok=Ef2b99aS 1x" media="all and (min-width: 993px)" type="image/webp" width="610" height="434"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/paragraph_medium_tablet/public/2022-09/thumbmap_map_WNBR_2020.jpg.webp?itok=zVdFbvgq 1x" media="all and (min-width: 576px) and (max-width: 992px)" type="image/webp" width="700" height="499"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/paragraph_medium_mobile/public/2022-09/thumbmap_map_WNBR_2020.jpg.webp?itok=Gy5EFY0J 1x" media="all and (max-width: 575px)" type="image/webp" width="327" height="233"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/paragraph_medium_desktop/public/2022-09/thumbmap_map_WNBR_2020.jpg?itok=Ef2b99aS 1x" media="all and (min-width: 993px)" type="image/jpeg" width="610" height="434"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/paragraph_medium_tablet/public/2022-09/thumbmap_map_WNBR_2020.jpg?itok=zVdFbvgq 1x" media="all and (min-width: 576px) and (max-width: 992px)" type="image/jpeg" width="700" height="499"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/paragraph_medium_mobile/public/2022-09/thumbmap_map_WNBR_2020.jpg?itok=Gy5EFY0J 1x" media="all and (max-width: 575px)" type="image/jpeg" width="327" height="233"/> <img loading="lazy" src="/sites/default/files/styles/paragraph_medium_desktop/public/2022-09/thumbmap_map_WNBR_2020.jpg?itok=Ef2b99aS" width="610" height="434" alt="map of world network of biosphere reserves 2019-2020" class="img-fluid" /> </picture></div></div><div class="media--copyright field field--name-field-copyright field--type-string field--label-hidden field__item">UNESCO</div></div></div></div></div></div><div class="field__item"><div id="" class="paragraph-simple paragraph paragraph--type--document paragraph--view-mode--default"><div class="document-wrapper"><div class="document-infos"><div class="document-texts"><span class="data-title">Map of the World Network of Biosphere Reserves, 2019-2020</span><div class="document-infos--subtitle"><div class="field field--name-field-text-authors field--type-string field--label-hidden field__items"><div class="field__item">UNESCO</div><div class="field__item">German Commission for UNESCO</div><div class="field__item">Austrian Commission for UNESCO</div><div class="field__item">National Commission of Luxembourg for Cooperation with UNESCO</div><div class="field__item">Swiss National Commission for UNESCO</div></div><div class="field field--name-field-date-text field--type-string field--label-hidden field__item">2019</div></div><div class="field field--name-field-description field--type-string-long field--label-hidden field__item">UNESCO</div></div><div class="document-actions"><div class="dropdown"><button class="btn btn-outline-primary dropdown-toggle" type="button" id="document-30834" data-bs-toggle="dropdown">Read more in...</button><div aria-labelledby="document-30834" class="dropdown-menu document-menu"><div class="item-list"><ul><li><a href="https://unesdoc.unesco.org/ark:/48223/pf0000371003_qaa" target="_blank" data-title="Map of the World Network of Biosphere Reserves, 2019-2020" data-lang="Plurilingual" data-sdg="" data-hub="" data-website="">Plurilingual</a></li></ul></div></div></div></div></div><div class="document-image"><div class="field field--name-field-media-image field--type-image field--label-hidden field__item"> <picture> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/document_block_wide/public/unesdoc_medias/0000371003.png.jpg.webp?itok=k0B3wnYU 1x" media="all and (min-width: 993px)" type="image/webp" width="209" height="148"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/document_block_mobile/public/unesdoc_medias/0000371003.png.jpg.webp?itok=BBg2cmqw 1x" media="all and (min-width: 576px) and (max-width: 992px)" type="image/webp" width="188" height="133"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/document_block_mobile/public/unesdoc_medias/0000371003.png.jpg.webp?itok=BBg2cmqw 1x" media="all and (max-width: 575px)" type="image/webp" width="188" height="133"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/document_block_wide/public/unesdoc_medias/0000371003.png.jpg?itok=k0B3wnYU 1x" media="all and (min-width: 993px)" type="image/jpeg" width="209" height="148"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/document_block_mobile/public/unesdoc_medias/0000371003.png.jpg?itok=BBg2cmqw 1x" media="all and (min-width: 576px) and (max-width: 992px)" type="image/jpeg" width="188" height="133"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/document_block_mobile/public/unesdoc_medias/0000371003.png.jpg?itok=BBg2cmqw 1x" media="all and (max-width: 575px)" type="image/jpeg" width="188" height="133"/> <img loading="lazy" src="/sites/default/files/styles/document_block_mobile/public/unesdoc_medias/0000371003.png.jpg?itok=BBg2cmqw" width="188" height="133" alt="0000371003" class="img-fluid" /> </picture></div></div></div></div></div><div class="field__item"><div id="fact-sheet" class="bg-bluelight paragraph-simple col-lg-8 offset-lg-2 paragraph paragraph--type--cta paragraph--view-mode--default"><div ><div class="field field--name-field-title field--type-string field--label-hidden field__item"><h2>Fact sheet</h2></div><div class="rich-text clearfix text-formatted field field--name-field-text field--type-text-long field--label-hidden field__item"><ul><li>The World Network of Biosphere Reserves covers all major representative natural and semi-natural ecosystems</li><li>It spans over a surface of more than 7,442,000 km² in 134 countries. It's almost the size of Australia.</li><li>There are about 275 million people living in Biosphere Reserves worldwide.</li></ul></div><div class="field field--name-field-link field--type-link field--label-hidden field__item"><a href="https://en.unesco.org/biosphere/wnbr" class="btn btn-primary btn-arrow-right">Discover the Network</a></div></div></div></div><div class="field__item"><div id="new-biosphere-reserves" class="paragraph-border paragraph paragraph--type--content-featured-custom paragraph--view-mode--grid"><div class="field field--name-field-title field--type-string field--label-hidden field__item"><h2>New biosphere reserves</h2></div><div class="field field--name-field-ref-featured field--type-entity-reference field--label-hidden field__items"><div class="field__item"> <a class="featured-link" href="/en/articles/unesco-designates-11-new-biosphere-reserves-1" title="2024"><div class="featured grid"><div class="field field--name-field-ref-image field--type-entity-reference field--label-hidden field__item"><div class="media media--type-image media--view-mode-grid"><div class="field field--name-field-media-image field--type-image field--label-hidden field__item"> <picture> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/small_fixed/article/2024-06/ErwinChristis_20180530_9232_web.jpg.webp?itok=S8ziiuAI 1x" media="all and (min-width: 993px)" type="image/webp" width="289" height="192"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/content_list/article/2024-06/ErwinChristis_20180530_9232_web.jpg.webp?itok=LfU5HS9C 1x" media="all and (min-width: 576px) and (max-width: 992px)" type="image/webp" width="182" height="121"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/square_80/article/2024-06/ErwinChristis_20180530_9232_web.jpg.webp?itok=mDUbMOOm 1x" media="all and (max-width: 575px)" type="image/webp" width="80" height="80"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/small_fixed/article/2024-06/ErwinChristis_20180530_9232_web.jpg?itok=S8ziiuAI 1x" media="all and (min-width: 993px)" type="image/jpeg" width="289" height="192"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/content_list/article/2024-06/ErwinChristis_20180530_9232_web.jpg?itok=LfU5HS9C 1x" media="all and (min-width: 576px) and (max-width: 992px)" type="image/jpeg" width="182" height="121"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/square_80/article/2024-06/ErwinChristis_20180530_9232_web.jpg?itok=mDUbMOOm 1x" media="all and (max-width: 575px)" type="image/jpeg" width="80" height="80"/> <img loading="lazy" src="/sites/default/files/styles/square_80/article/2024-06/ErwinChristis_20180530_9232_web.jpg?itok=mDUbMOOm" width="80" height="80" alt="Water lilies on a lake, Kempen-Broek Transboundary Biosphere Reserve (Belgium, Kingdom of the Netherlands)" class="img-fluid" /> </picture></div></div></div><div class="wrapper"><div class="field field--name-field-surtitle field--type-string field--label-hidden field__item">Designated in</div><div class="field field--name-title field--type-string field--label-hidden field__item">2024</div></div></div> </a></div><div class="field__item"> <a class="featured-link" href="/en/articles/unesco-designates-11-new-biosphere-reserves-0" title="2023"><div class="featured grid"><div class="field field--name-field-ref-image field--type-entity-reference field--label-hidden field__item"><div class="media media--type-image media--view-mode-grid"><div class="field field--name-field-media-image field--type-image field--label-hidden field__item"> <picture> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/small_fixed/article/2023-06/CPSMNR-SWR_Multipurpose-tree_nursery_Korup_Rainforest_Biosphere_Reserve.jpg.webp?itok=gbe4nt44 1x" media="all and (min-width: 993px)" type="image/webp" width="289" height="192"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/content_list/article/2023-06/CPSMNR-SWR_Multipurpose-tree_nursery_Korup_Rainforest_Biosphere_Reserve.jpg.webp?itok=qJ6XQVVw 1x" media="all and (min-width: 576px) and (max-width: 992px)" type="image/webp" width="182" height="121"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/square_80/article/2023-06/CPSMNR-SWR_Multipurpose-tree_nursery_Korup_Rainforest_Biosphere_Reserve.jpg.webp?itok=NuBCEsKi 1x" media="all and (max-width: 575px)" type="image/webp" width="80" height="80"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/small_fixed/article/2023-06/CPSMNR-SWR_Multipurpose-tree_nursery_Korup_Rainforest_Biosphere_Reserve.jpg?itok=gbe4nt44 1x" media="all and (min-width: 993px)" type="image/jpeg" width="289" height="192"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/content_list/article/2023-06/CPSMNR-SWR_Multipurpose-tree_nursery_Korup_Rainforest_Biosphere_Reserve.jpg?itok=qJ6XQVVw 1x" media="all and (min-width: 576px) and (max-width: 992px)" type="image/jpeg" width="182" height="121"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/square_80/article/2023-06/CPSMNR-SWR_Multipurpose-tree_nursery_Korup_Rainforest_Biosphere_Reserve.jpg?itok=NuBCEsKi 1x" media="all and (max-width: 575px)" type="image/jpeg" width="80" height="80"/> <img loading="lazy" src="/sites/default/files/styles/square_80/article/2023-06/CPSMNR-SWR_Multipurpose-tree_nursery_Korup_Rainforest_Biosphere_Reserve.jpg?itok=NuBCEsKi" width="80" height="80" alt="Tree nursery in the Korup Rainforest Biosphere Reserve, Cameroon. Seedlings are in the foreground, 2 young men are watering them with watering cans" class="img-fluid" /> </picture></div></div></div><div class="wrapper"><div class="field field--name-field-surtitle field--type-string field--label-hidden field__item">Designated in:</div><div class="field field--name-title field--type-string field--label-hidden field__item">2023</div></div></div> </a></div><div class="field__item"> <a class="featured-link" href="/en/articles/unesco-designates-11-new-biosphere-reserves" title="2022"><div class="featured grid"><div class="field field--name-field-ref-image field--type-entity-reference field--label-hidden field__item"><div class="media media--type-image media--view-mode-grid"><div class="field field--name-field-media-image field--type-image field--label-hidden field__item"> <picture> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/small_fixed/public/2022-06/MAB2022_Kabdykairov_F_Holly-tree_Burabay%20BR.jpg.webp?itok=LUmXW5Ea 1x" media="all and (min-width: 993px)" type="image/webp" width="289" height="192"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/content_list/public/2022-06/MAB2022_Kabdykairov_F_Holly-tree_Burabay%20BR.jpg.webp?itok=ApAjhZRp 1x" media="all and (min-width: 576px) and (max-width: 992px)" type="image/webp" width="182" height="121"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/square_80/public/2022-06/MAB2022_Kabdykairov_F_Holly-tree_Burabay%20BR.jpg.webp?itok=lyNLfOnv 1x" media="all and (max-width: 575px)" type="image/webp" width="80" height="80"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/small_fixed/public/2022-06/MAB2022_Kabdykairov_F_Holly-tree_Burabay%20BR.jpg?itok=LUmXW5Ea 1x" media="all and (min-width: 993px)" type="image/jpeg" width="289" height="192"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/content_list/public/2022-06/MAB2022_Kabdykairov_F_Holly-tree_Burabay%20BR.jpg?itok=ApAjhZRp 1x" media="all and (min-width: 576px) and (max-width: 992px)" type="image/jpeg" width="182" height="121"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/square_80/public/2022-06/MAB2022_Kabdykairov_F_Holly-tree_Burabay%20BR.jpg?itok=lyNLfOnv 1x" media="all and (max-width: 575px)" type="image/jpeg" width="80" height="80"/> <img loading="lazy" src="/sites/default/files/styles/square_80/public/2022-06/MAB2022_Kabdykairov_F_Holly-tree_Burabay%20BR.jpg?itok=lyNLfOnv" width="80" height="80" alt="Burabay Biosphere Reserve, Kazakhstan" class="img-fluid" /> </picture></div></div></div><div class="wrapper"><div class="field field--name-field-surtitle field--type-string field--label-hidden field__item">Designated in:</div><div class="field field--name-title field--type-string field--label-hidden field__item">2022</div></div></div> </a></div><div class="field__item"> <a class="featured-link" href="/en/articles/unesco-steps-efforts-biodiversity-conservation-designation-20-new-biosphere-reserves" title="2021"><div class="featured grid"><div class="field field--name-field-ref-image field--type-entity-reference field--label-hidden field__item"><div class="media media--type-image media--view-mode-grid"><div class="field field--name-field-media-image field--type-image field--label-hidden field__item"> <picture> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/small_fixed/public/2024-07/MAB2021_Peneng-hill_malaysia_Copyright_Dato_Cheok.jpg.webp?itok=ITdCtWR- 1x" media="all and (min-width: 993px)" type="image/webp" width="289" height="192"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/content_list/public/2024-07/MAB2021_Peneng-hill_malaysia_Copyright_Dato_Cheok.jpg.webp?itok=B7iS8hy7 1x" media="all and (min-width: 576px) and (max-width: 992px)" type="image/webp" width="182" height="121"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/square_80/public/2024-07/MAB2021_Peneng-hill_malaysia_Copyright_Dato_Cheok.jpg.webp?itok=z_A_-vvm 1x" media="all and (max-width: 575px)" type="image/webp" width="80" height="80"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/small_fixed/public/2024-07/MAB2021_Peneng-hill_malaysia_Copyright_Dato_Cheok.jpg?itok=ITdCtWR- 1x" media="all and (min-width: 993px)" type="image/jpeg" width="289" height="192"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/content_list/public/2024-07/MAB2021_Peneng-hill_malaysia_Copyright_Dato_Cheok.jpg?itok=B7iS8hy7 1x" media="all and (min-width: 576px) and (max-width: 992px)" type="image/jpeg" width="182" height="121"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/square_80/public/2024-07/MAB2021_Peneng-hill_malaysia_Copyright_Dato_Cheok.jpg?itok=z_A_-vvm 1x" media="all and (max-width: 575px)" type="image/jpeg" width="80" height="80"/> <img loading="lazy" src="/sites/default/files/styles/square_80/public/2024-07/MAB2021_Peneng-hill_malaysia_Copyright_Dato_Cheok.jpg?itok=z_A_-vvm" width="80" height="80" alt="Primates in Penang Hill Biosphere Reserve, Malaysia" class="img-fluid" /> </picture></div></div></div><div class="wrapper"><div class="field field--name-field-surtitle field--type-string field--label-hidden field__item">Designated in:</div><div class="field field--name-title field--type-string field--label-hidden field__item">2021</div></div></div> </a></div><div class="field__item"> <a class="featured-link" href="/en/articles/twenty-five-sites-join-unescos-world-network-biosphere-reserves" title="2020"><div class="featured grid"><div class="field field--name-field-ref-image field--type-entity-reference field--label-hidden field__item"><div class="media media--type-image media--view-mode-grid"><div class="field field--name-field-media-image field--type-image field--label-hidden field__item"> <picture> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/small_fixed/public/maio_biosphere_reserve_enhaut-org.jpg.webp?itok=_Lv6qJ8g 1x" media="all and (min-width: 993px)" type="image/webp" width="289" height="192"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/content_list/public/maio_biosphere_reserve_enhaut-org.jpg.webp?itok=Rk7X2V21 1x" media="all and (min-width: 576px) and (max-width: 992px)" type="image/webp" width="182" height="121"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/square_80/public/maio_biosphere_reserve_enhaut-org.jpg.webp?itok=6fxnvp09 1x" media="all and (max-width: 575px)" type="image/webp" width="80" height="80"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/small_fixed/public/maio_biosphere_reserve_enhaut-org.jpg?itok=_Lv6qJ8g 1x" media="all and (min-width: 993px)" type="image/jpeg" width="289" height="192"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/content_list/public/maio_biosphere_reserve_enhaut-org.jpg?itok=Rk7X2V21 1x" media="all and (min-width: 576px) and (max-width: 992px)" type="image/jpeg" width="182" height="121"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/square_80/public/maio_biosphere_reserve_enhaut-org.jpg?itok=6fxnvp09 1x" media="all and (max-width: 575px)" type="image/jpeg" width="80" height="80"/> <img loading="lazy" src="/sites/default/files/styles/square_80/public/maio_biosphere_reserve_enhaut-org.jpg?itok=6fxnvp09" width="80" height="80" class="img-fluid" /> </picture></div></div></div><div class="wrapper"><div class="field field--name-field-surtitle field--type-string field--label-hidden field__item">Designated in:</div><div class="field field--name-title field--type-string field--label-hidden field__item">2020</div></div></div> </a></div></div></div></div></div><div class="content-tags"><div class="item-list"><h3>Related items</h3><ul><li><a href="/en/tags/natural-sciences" class="tag tag-outline-grey" hreflang="en">Natural sciences</a></li><li><a href="/en/tags/lists-and-designations" class="tag tag-outline-grey" hreflang="en">Lists and designations</a></li><li><a href="/en/tags/programme-implementation" class="tag tag-outline-grey" hreflang="en">Programme implementation</a></li></ul></div></div></div> <article data-terms-tags="422936 423614 423619 423621 423623 423886 420288 420292 420273 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