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IEEE Microwave Magazine - MTT-S
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class="publication-block__date-clock" src="https://mtt.org/app/themes/mtt-redesigned/assets/images/icons/clock.svg" alt="clock" />December 2024</p> <h6 class="publication-block__title">Transitioning to RF Filtering</h6> <p class="publication-block__description">by Li Yang and Roberto Gómez-García </p> <a href="https://mtt.org/featured_article/transitioning-to-rf-filtering/" class="button primary small publication-block__more">Read more</a> </div> </div> </div> <div class="publication-block cell medium-6 large-3"> <div class="publication-block__wrapper" data-equalizer-watch> <a href="https://mtt.org/featured_article/aircraft-surveillance-from-space-the-future-of-air-traffic-control/" class="publication-block__link"></a> <div class="publication-block__image-wrapper publication-block__image-wrapper--small"> <img src="https://mtt.org/app/uploads/2024/12/F2_500x400-392x314.png" alt="Aircraft Surveillance From Space: The Future of Air Traffic Control?: Space-Based ADS-B, Status, Challenges and Opportunities" width="320" height="435" class="publication-block__image publication-block__image--small"> </div> <div class="publication-block__content"> <p class="publication-block__date"><img class="publication-block__date-clock" src="https://mtt.org/app/themes/mtt-redesigned/assets/images/icons/clock.svg" alt="clock" />December 2024</p> <h6 class="publication-block__title">Aircraft Surveillance From Space: The Future of Air Traffic Control?: Space-Based ADS-B, Status, Challenges and Opportunities</h6> <p class="publication-block__description">by Jan Budroweit, Felix Eichstaedt and Toni Delovski </p> <a href="https://mtt.org/featured_article/aircraft-surveillance-from-space-the-future-of-air-traffic-control/" class="button primary small publication-block__more">Read more</a> </div> </div> </div> <div class="publication-block cell medium-6 large-3"> <div class="publication-block__wrapper" data-equalizer-watch> <a href="https://mtt.org/featured_article/the-evolution-of-vector-network-analyzers-to-provide-precision-vector-spectrum-analysis-for-6g-applications/" class="publication-block__link"></a> <div class="publication-block__image-wrapper publication-block__image-wrapper--small"> <img src="https://mtt.org/app/uploads/2024/12/F3_500x400-392x314.png" alt="The Evolution of Vector Network Analyzers to Provide Precision Vector Spectrum Analysis for 6G Applications: VNA Evolves for 6G EVM Signals" width="320" height="435" class="publication-block__image publication-block__image--small"> </div> <div class="publication-block__content"> <p class="publication-block__date"><img class="publication-block__date-clock" src="https://mtt.org/app/themes/mtt-redesigned/assets/images/icons/clock.svg" alt="clock" />December 2024</p> <h6 class="publication-block__title">The Evolution of Vector Network Analyzers to Provide Precision Vector Spectrum Analysis for 6G Applications: VNA Evolves for 6G EVM Signals</h6> <p class="publication-block__description">by Joel P. Dunsmore, Jean-Pierre Teyssier </p> <a href="https://mtt.org/featured_article/the-evolution-of-vector-network-analyzers-to-provide-precision-vector-spectrum-analysis-for-6g-applications/" class="button primary small publication-block__more">Read more</a> </div> </div> </div> <div class="publication-block cell medium-6 large-3"> <div class="publication-block__wrapper" data-equalizer-watch> <a href="https://mtt.org/featured_article/feel-your-heartbeat-across-space/" class="publication-block__link"></a> <div class="publication-block__image-wrapper publication-block__image-wrapper--small"> <img src="https://mtt.org/app/uploads/2024/12/F5_500x400-392x314.jpg" alt="Feel Your Heartbeat Across Space: Radar-Based Cardiac Activity Monitoring for Healthcare Applications" width="320" height="435" class="publication-block__image publication-block__image--small"> </div> <div class="publication-block__content"> <p class="publication-block__date"><img class="publication-block__date-clock" src="https://mtt.org/app/themes/mtt-redesigned/assets/images/icons/clock.svg" alt="clock" />December 2024</p> <h6 class="publication-block__title">Feel Your Heartbeat Across Space: Radar-Based Cardiac Activity Monitoring for Healthcare Applications</h6> <p class="publication-block__description">by Yuchen Li, Shuqin Dong, and Changzhan Gu</p> <a href="https://mtt.org/featured_article/feel-your-heartbeat-across-space/" class="button primary small publication-block__more">Read more</a> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="cell small-12 large-6 publication__featured-articles-link"> <a class="button primary small publication__featured-articles-button" href="https://mtt.org/publications/ieee-microwave-magazine/featured-articles/" title="Featured articles">More featured articles</a> </div> </div> </div> <div class="cell small-12 publication__content"> <div class="grid-x grid-padding-x publication__content-grid publication__content-grid--sidebar"> <div class="cell small-12 publication-content publication-content--main"> <div class="publication-content__desc"> <h4 class="bordered publication-content__heading">This Month's Highlights</h4> <div class="publication-content__text"> <p><a href="https://mtt.org/app/uploads/2023/08/SmithChart_edu.jpg"><img fetchpriority="high" decoding="async" class="wp-image-26467 alignleft" src="https://mtt.org/app/uploads/2023/08/SmithChart_edu-1024x666.jpg" alt="" width="304" height="198" srcset="https://mtt.org/app/uploads/2023/08/SmithChart_edu-1024x666.jpg 1024w, https://mtt.org/app/uploads/2023/08/SmithChart_edu-300x195.jpg 300w, https://mtt.org/app/uploads/2023/08/SmithChart_edu-768x500.jpg 768w, https://mtt.org/app/uploads/2023/08/SmithChart_edu-1536x1000.jpg 1536w, https://mtt.org/app/uploads/2023/08/SmithChart_edu-2048x1333.jpg 2048w, https://mtt.org/app/uploads/2023/08/SmithChart_edu-200x130.jpg 200w, https://mtt.org/app/uploads/2023/08/SmithChart_edu-560x364.jpg 560w, https://mtt.org/app/uploads/2023/08/SmithChart_edu-392x255.jpg 392w, https://mtt.org/app/uploads/2023/08/SmithChart_edu-375x244.jpg 375w" sizes="(max-width: 639px) 98vw, (max-width: 1199px) 64vw, 304px" /></a></p> <div> <p>The December issue of the IEEE Microwave Magazine is out! This issue celebrates Radio & Wireless Week for 2025. And it is a big issue with five features, a Student Design Competition Winner, columns all about Radio & Wireless Week and a regular set of columns. As soon as you can check out the Editor’s Desk to learn more about the issue and From the Guest Editor’s Desk to learn more about the main event.</p> <p>The features in this issue really show off the diversity of microwave engineering. We have more traditional features on microstrip transitions and mm-Wave power amplifiers, but we also have the evolution of microwaves with aircraft control from space, monitoring heartbeats, 3D printing 30 GHz antennas and the evolution of vector network analyzers from analog to digitally sampled DSP. It is a great time to be in microwave engineering as we have lots of work for programmers and hardware people.</p> <p>Get all of the latest on Radio & Wireless Week here with ten columns on the conference and accompanying activities. It will be a big week for microwaves in Puerto Rico. We have five conferences, an IoT Summit , workshops, and an honoring of distinguished women in microwaves. Can you believe that ARFTG is having its 104th conference?</p> <p>As much excitement as there is in this issue for Radio & Wireless Week we also have our regular columns. Our President’s Column covers lessons learned. Each President of our society comes in with years of experience on the administrative committee but only one year to make an impact. Learn about lessons from this past year.</p> <p>We have lots of information about what has been happening in our society. In our MTT-S Society News column we learn about what goes on in our technical committee on Biological Effects and Medical Applications and what is happening at our Polytechnique Montreal Student Branch. Our MGA News covers the visit of our MTT-S President to Kolkata in 2023. The evolution of our monolithic microwave IC conferences to the current SiRF (Silicon Monolithic Integrated Circuits in RF Systems) conference is covered in our Conference Report.</p> <p>And we have a new column: Re:Industry. This first installment is an interview where you can learn more about starting a company and the potential MTT-S relationship with new companies. Also in our thinking columns in this issue is MicroBusiness. This column tackles how many things evolve to grow together and that can be a good thing. We have another new column: Microwave Spectrum Policy. Check it out to learn about spectrum allocations in different countries and how the decisions get made. New widgets are always fun to learn about. Our New Products column covers everything from a new 0.1 micron pHEMT process to wearable sensors. We have heard a lot about Poincaré in our Enigmas, etc. column but in this issue our Educator’s Corner takes us deep into Poincaré land. Finally our Enigmas, etc. column gives us the solution to last month’s quiz and an application of our R-X plane.</p> <p>As always, check out the Conference Calendar, there is something happening almost every month in 2025.</p> <p>Alfy Riddle<br /> Quanergy Solutions</p> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="cell small-12 publication-sidebar"> <h4 class="bordered publication-sidebar__heading">Current issue</h4> <div class="publication-sidebar__content publication-issue"> <div class="publication-issue__picture"> <img src="https://mtt.org/app/uploads/2024/12/Dec2024_Cover-390x533.png" alt="" class="publication-issue__image"> </div> <div class="publication-issue__content"> <h6 class="publication-issue__title">December 2024 Issue</h6> <div class="publication-issue__button text-right"> <a href="https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?isnumber=10744611" class="button small">Read More</a> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="cell small-12 publication-content publication-content--sections"> <div class="publication-content__desc"> <h4 class="bordered publication-content__heading">About the journal</h4> <div class="publication-content__text"> <p>The IEEE Microwave Magazine is published monthly, with the IMS Special issue in April or May, and an RWW Supplement delivered with the December issue. The Microwave Magazine focuses on the publication of general interest review, tutorial, and survey papers rather than new research.</p> <p>Most issues of the Microwave Magazine include a “focus section,” in which the technical features are invited by the guest editor, who is an acknowledged expert in the focus topic. The magazine also contains submitted technical articles, either as features or application notes. The technical content of the magazine is about 55 pages per issue, consisting of 4-5 feature articles and 1-2 application notes. Additionally, the magazine contains a number of regular columns, as well as editorial and news items.</p> <p>The magazine has won two international awards for technical art from the Society for Technical Communication. The current impact factor for IEEE Microwave Magazine is 3.6 (2023). The magazine welcomes review, tutorial, and survey manuscripts in all topics of interest to the microwave engineering community; the time from submission to publication is under 26 weeks. Articles published in the Microwave Magazine are available to digital subscribers through <a href="https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/Xplore/guesthome.jsp?reload=true" target="_blank" rel="noopener">IEEE Xplore</a>.</p> <p>For submissions, please read the <a href="https://mtt.org/publications/ieee-microwave-magazine/guidelines-for-authors/">Guidelines for Authors</a> and submit your article via the IEEE Author Portal at <a id="LPlnk484728" href="https://ieee.atyponrex.com/journal/mttmm">https://ieee.atyponrex.com/journal/mttmm</a></p> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </main> <footer class="grid-container footer"> <div class="grid-x grid-padding-x footer__grid"> <nav class="cell footer__navigation"> <h4 class="footer__title bordered">Menu</h4> <ul id="menu-footer-menu" class="vertical menu footer__menu"><li id="menu-item-30031" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-home menu-item-30031"><a href="https://mtt.org/" id="custom-id-30031">Home</a></li> <li id="menu-item-302" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-302"><a href="https://mtt.org/contact-mtt-s/" id="custom-id-302">Contact MTT-S</a></li> <li id="menu-item-10012" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-10012"><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ieee.org/accessibility-statement.html" id="custom-id-10012">Accessibility</a></li> <li id="menu-item-10014" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-10014"><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ieee.org/about/corporate/governance/p9-26.html" id="custom-id-10014">Nondiscrimination</a></li> <li id="menu-item-30033" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-30033"><a href="http://www.ieee-ethics-reporting.org/" id="custom-id-30033">IEEE Ethics Reporting</a></li> <li id="menu-item-30034" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-30034"><a href="https://www.ieee.org/about/help/site_terms_conditions.html" id="custom-id-30034"> Terms & Disclosures</a></li> <li id="menu-item-10013" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-10013"><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ieee.org/security-privacy.html" id="custom-id-10013">IEEE Privacy Policy</a></li> <li id="menu-item-30035" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-30035"><a href="https://mtt.org/sitemap_index.xml" id="custom-id-30035">Sitemap</a></li> </ul> </nav> <div class="cell footer__newsletter newsletter"> <h4 class="footer__title bordered newsletter__title">Newsletter</h4> <p class="newsletter__text">Subscribe to the monthly MTT-S newsletter.</p> <a class="button secondary" href="https://conta.cc/3tKGJqU" target="_blank">sign up</a> </div> <div class="cell footer__links"> <div class="footer__social"> <a href="https://www.facebook.com/IEEEMTT" rel="nofollow" target="_blank"> <img class="footer__social-link-icon" src="https://mtt.org/app/themes/mtt-redesigned/assets/images/icons/icon-facebook-inverted.svg" alt="icon-facebook icon"></a> <a href="https://www.linkedin.com/company/ieeemtt" rel="nofollow" target="_blank"> <img class="footer__social-link-icon" src="https://mtt.org/app/themes/mtt-redesigned/assets/images/icons/icon-linkedin-inverted.svg" alt="icon-linkedin icon"></a> </div> <div class="footer__logos"> <a href="https://mtt.org/" rel="home" title="MTT-S" class="footer__branding"> <img width="260" height="69" src="https://mtt.org/app/uploads/2024/03/MTT-S_gray_horizontal.png" alt="MTT-S" class="footer__logo"/> </a> <a href="http://ieee-collabratec.ieee.org/" target="_self" class="footer__logo"><img src="https://mtt.org/app/uploads/2018/12/grey-collabratec.png" class="footer__logo-image" alt="IEEE Collabratec"></a><a href="http://ieee.org/" target="_self" class="footer__logo"><img src="https://mtt.org/app/uploads/2018/12/grey-ieee.png" class="footer__logo-image" alt="IEEE"></a> </div> </div> </div> <div class="grid-x grid-padding-x"> <div class="cell footer__copyright"> © Copyright 2025 IEEE - All rights reserved. <br/> A public charity, IEEE is the world's largest technical professional organization dedicated to advancing technology for the benefit of humanity. </div> <div class="cell footer__web-design"> Created by <a target="_blank" href="https://hmmh.pl/"><img class="footer__web-design-image" width="221" height="25" src="https://mtt.org/app/themes/mtt-redesigned/assets/images/hmmh_logo.svg" alt="MTT-S"/></a> </div> </div> </footer> <script> jQuery(document).on('ready',function(){ jQuery('.dml-requests__messages-modal [data-toggle]').trigger('click'); 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