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ray</title> <meta name="description" content="Search results for: gamma ray"> <meta name="keywords" content="gamma ray"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, minimum-scale=1, maximum-scale=1, user-scalable=no"> <meta charset="utf-8"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" rel="shortcut icon"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/fontawesome/css/all.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/css/site.css?v=150220211555" rel="stylesheet"> </head> <body> <header> <div class="container"> <nav class="navbar navbar-expand-lg navbar-light"> <a class="navbar-brand" href="https://waset.org"> <img src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/images/wasetc.png" alt="Open Science Research Excellence" title="Open Science Research Excellence" /> </a> <button class="d-block d-lg-none navbar-toggler ml-auto" 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id="custom-search-input"> <div class="input-group"> <i class="fas fa-search"></i> <input type="text" class="search-query" name="q" placeholder="Author, Title, Abstract, Keywords" value="gamma ray"> <input type="submit" class="btn_search" value="Search"> </div> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div class="row mt-3"> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Commenced</strong> in January 2007</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Frequency:</strong> Monthly</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Edition:</strong> International</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Paper Count:</strong> 442</div> </div> </div> </div> <h1 class="mt-3 mb-3 text-center" style="font-size:1.6rem;">Search results for: gamma ray</h1> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">442</span> Impact of Weather Conditions on Generalized Frequency Division Multiplexing over Gamma Gamma Channel</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Muhammad%20Sameer%20Ahmed">Muhammad Sameer Ahmed</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Piotr%20Remlein"> Piotr Remlein</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tansal%20Gucluoglu"> Tansal Gucluoglu</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The technique called as Generalized frequency division multiplexing (GFDM) used in the free space optical channel can be a good option for implementation free space optical communication systems. This technique has several strengths e.g. good spectral efficiency, low peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR), adaptability and low co-channel interference. In this paper, the impact of weather conditions such as haze, rain and fog on GFDM over the gamma-gamma channel model is discussed. A Trade off between link distance and system performance under intense weather conditions is also analysed. The symbol error probability (SEP) of GFDM over the gamma-gamma turbulence channel is derived and verified with the computer simulations. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=free%20space%20optics" title="free space optics">free space optics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=generalized%20frequency%20division%20multiplexing" title=" generalized frequency division multiplexing"> generalized frequency division multiplexing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=weather%20conditions" title=" weather conditions"> weather conditions</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=gamma%20gamma%20distribution" title=" gamma gamma distribution"> gamma gamma distribution</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/127215/impact-of-weather-conditions-on-generalized-frequency-division-multiplexing-over-gamma-gamma-channel" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/127215.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">174</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">441</span> Gamma Irradiation Effects on the Magnetic Properties of Hard Ferrites</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=F.%20Abbas%20Pour%20Khotbehsara">F. Abbas Pour Khotbehsara</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=B.%20Salehpour"> B. Salehpour</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Kianvash"> A. Kianvash</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Many industrial materials like magnets need to be tested for the radiation environment expected at linear colliders (LC) where the accelerator and detectors will be subjected to large influences of beta, neutron and gamma’s over their life Gamma irradiation of the permanent sample magnets using a 60Co source was investigated up to an absorbed dose of 700Mrad shows a negligible effect on some magnetic properties of Nd-Fe-B. In this work, it has been tried to investigate the change of some important properties of Barium hexa ferrite. Results showed little decreases of magnetic properties at doses rang of 0.5 to 2.5 Mrad. But at the gamma irradiation dose up to 10 Mrad it is showed a few increase of properties. Also study of gamma irradiation of Nd-Fe-B showed considerably increase of magnetic properties. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=gamma%20ray%20irradiation" title="gamma ray irradiation">gamma ray irradiation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hard%20ferrite" title=" hard ferrite"> hard ferrite</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=magnetic%20coefficient" title=" magnetic coefficient"> magnetic coefficient</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=magnetic%20material" title=" magnetic material"> magnetic material</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=radiation%20dose" title=" radiation dose"> radiation dose</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/12934/gamma-irradiation-effects-on-the-magnetic-properties-of-hard-ferrites" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/12934.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">239</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">440</span> Determination of Full Energy Peak Efficiency and Resolution of Nai (Tl) Detector Using Gamma-ray Spectroscopy</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jibon%20Sharma">Jibon Sharma</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Alakjyoti%20Patowary"> Alakjyoti Patowary</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Moirangthem%20Nara%20Singh"> Moirangthem Nara Singh</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In experimental research it is very much essential to obtain the quality control of the system used for the experiment. NaI (Tl) scintillation detector is the most commonly used in radiation and medical physics for measurement of the gamma ray activity of various samples. In addition, the scintillation detector has a lot of applications in the elemental analysis of various compounds, alloys using activation analysis. In each application for quantitative analysis, it is very much essential to know the detection efficiency and resolution for different gamma energies. In this work, the energy dependence of efficiency and resolution of NaI (Tl) detector using gamma-ray spectroscopy are investigated. Different photon energies of 356.01 keV,511keV,661.60keV,1170 keV,1274.53 keV and 1330 keV are obtained from four radioactive sources (133Ba,22Na,137Cs and 60 Co) used in these studies. Values of full energy peak efficiencies of these gamma energies are found to be respectively 58.46%,10.15%,14.39%,1.4%,3.27% and 1.31%. The values of percent resolution for above different gamma ray energies are found to be 11.27%,7.27%,6.38%,5.17%,4.86% and 4.74% respectively. It was found that the efficiency of the detector exponentially decreases with energy and the resolution of the detector is directly proportional to the energy of gamma-ray. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=naI%20%28Tl%29%20gamma-ray%20spectrometer" title="naI (Tl) gamma-ray spectrometer">naI (Tl) gamma-ray spectrometer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=resolution" title=" resolution"> resolution</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=full%20energy%20peak%20efficiency" title=" full energy peak efficiency"> full energy peak efficiency</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=radioactive%20sources" title=" radioactive sources"> radioactive sources</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/158239/determination-of-full-energy-peak-efficiency-and-resolution-of-nai-tl-detector-using-gamma-ray-spectroscopy" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/158239.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">104</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">439</span> Gamma Irradiation Effect on Structural and Optical Properties of Bismuth-Boro-Tellurite Glasses</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Azuraida%20Amat">Azuraida Amat</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Halimah%20Mohamed%20Kamari"> Halimah Mohamed Kamari</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Che%20Azurahanim%20Che%20Abdullah"> Che Azurahanim Che Abdullah</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ishak%20Mansor"> Ishak Mansor</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The changes of the optical and structural properties of Bismuth-Boro-Tellurite glasses pre and post gamma irradiation were studied. Six glass samples, with different compositions [(TeO2)0.7 (B2O3)0.3]1-x (Bi2O3)x prepared by melt quenching method were irradiated with 25kGy gamma radiation at room temperature. The Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) was used to explore the structural bonding in the prepared glass samples due to exposure, while UV-VIS Spectrophotometer was used to evaluate the changes in the optical properties before and after irradiation. Gamma irradiation causes a profound changes in the peak intensity as shown by FTIR spectra which is due to the breaking of the network bonding. Before gamma irradiation, the optical band gap, Eg value decreased from 2.44 eV to 2.15 eV with the addition of Bismuth content. The value kept decreasing (from 2.18 eV to 2.00 eV) following exposure to gamma radiation due to the increase of non-bridging oxygen (NBO) and the increase of defects in the glass. In conclusion, the glass with high content of Bi2O3 (0.30Bi) give the smallest Eg and show less changes in FTIR spectra after gamma irradiation, which indicate that this glass is more resistant to gamma radiation compared to other glasses. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=boro-tellurite" title="boro-tellurite">boro-tellurite</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bismuth" title=" bismuth"> bismuth</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=gamma%20radiation" title=" gamma radiation"> gamma radiation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=optical%20properties" title=" optical properties"> optical properties</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/25457/gamma-irradiation-effect-on-structural-and-optical-properties-of-bismuth-boro-tellurite-glasses" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/25457.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">427</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">438</span> Effects of Gamma Irradiation on Chemical and Antioxidant Properties of Iranian Native Fresh Barberry Fruit</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Samira%20Berenji%20Ardestani">Samira Berenji Ardestani</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hamid%20Reza%20Akhavan"> Hamid Reza Akhavan</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Gamma irradiation greatly reduces the potential microbiological risk of fresh fruits, resulting in improved microbial safety as well as extending their shelf life. The effects of 0.5-2 kGy gamma doses on some physicochemical, microbial and sensory properties of fresh barberry fruits (<em>Berberis vulgaris</em>) during refrigerated storage for 40 days were evaluated. The total anthocyanin and total phenolic contents of barberry fruits decreased in a dose-dependent manner immediately after irradiation and after subsequent storage. In general, it is recommended that, according to the effect of gamma radiation on physicochemical, microbial and sensorial characteristics, doses of 1.25-2 kGy could be used. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=antioxidant%20property" title="antioxidant property">antioxidant property</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=barberry%20fruit" title=" barberry fruit"> barberry fruit</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=chemical%20properties" title=" chemical properties"> chemical properties</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=gamma%20irradiation" title=" gamma irradiation"> gamma irradiation</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/81364/effects-of-gamma-irradiation-on-chemical-and-antioxidant-properties-of-iranian-native-fresh-barberry-fruit" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/81364.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">279</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">437</span> Design of a Remote Radiation Sensing Module Based on Portable Gamma Spectrometer</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Young%20Gil%20Kim">Young Gil Kim</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hye%20Min%20Park"> Hye Min Park</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chan%20Jong%20Park"> Chan Jong Park</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Koan%20Sik%20Joo"> Koan Sik Joo</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> A personal gamma spectrometer has to be sensitive, pocket-sized, and carriable on the users. To serve these requirements, we developed the SiPM-based portable radiation detectors. The prototype uses a Ce:GAGG scintillator coupled to a silicon photomultiplier and a radio frequency(RF) module to measure gamma-ray, and can be accessed wirelessly or remotely by mobile equipment. The prototype device consumes roughly 4.4W, weighs about 180g (including battery), and measures 5.0 7.0. It is able to achieve 5.8% FWHM energy resolution at 662keV. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ce%3AGAGG" title="Ce:GAGG">Ce:GAGG</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=gamma-ray" title=" gamma-ray"> gamma-ray</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=radio%20frequency" title=" radio frequency"> radio frequency</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=silicon%20photomultiplier" title=" silicon photomultiplier"> silicon photomultiplier</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/66154/design-of-a-remote-radiation-sensing-module-based-on-portable-gamma-spectrometer" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/66154.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">332</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">436</span> Performance Analysis of a Hybrid DF-AF Hybrid RF/FSO System under Gamma Gamma Atmospheric Turbulence Channel Using MPPM Modulation</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hechmi%20Saidi">Hechmi Saidi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Noureddine%20Hamdi"> Noureddine Hamdi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The performance of hybrid amplify and forward - decode and forward (AF-DF) hybrid radio frequency/free space optical (RF/FSO) communication system, that adopts M-ary pulse position modulation (MPPM) techniques, is analyzed. Both exact and approximate symbol-error rates (SERs) are derived. The random variations of the received optical irradiance, produced by the atmospheric turbulence, is modeled by the gamma-gamma (GG) statistical distribution. A closed-form expression for the probability density function (PDF) is derived for the whole above system is obtained. Thanks to the use of hybrid AF-DF hybrid RF/FSO configuration and MPPM, the effects of atmospheric turbulence is mitigated; hence the capacity of combating atmospheric turbulence and the transmissitted signal quality are improved. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=free%20space%20optical" title="free space optical">free space optical</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=gamma%20gamma%20channel" title=" gamma gamma channel"> gamma gamma channel</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=radio%20frequency" title=" radio frequency"> radio frequency</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=decode%20and%20forward" title=" decode and forward"> decode and forward</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=error%20pointing" title=" error pointing"> error pointing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M-ary%20pulse%20position%20modulation" title=" M-ary pulse position modulation"> M-ary pulse position modulation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=symbol%20error%20rate" title=" symbol error rate"> symbol error rate</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/90571/performance-analysis-of-a-hybrid-df-af-hybrid-rffso-system-under-gamma-gamma-atmospheric-turbulence-channel-using-mppm-modulation" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/90571.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">287</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">435</span> Performance Analysis of M-Ary Pulse Position Modulation in Multihop Multiple Input Multiple Output-Free Space Optical System over Uncorrelated Gamma-Gamma Atmospheric Turbulence Channels</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hechmi%20Saidi">Hechmi Saidi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Noureddine%20Hamdi"> Noureddine Hamdi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The performance of Decode and Forward (DF) multihop Free Space Optical ( FSO) scheme deploying Multiple Input Multiple Output (MIMO) configuration under Gamma-Gamma (GG) statistical distribution, that adopts M-ary Pulse Position Modulation (MPPM) coding, is investigated. We have extracted exact and estimated values of Symbol-Error Rates (SERs) respectively. A closed form formula related to the Probability Density Function (PDF) is expressed for our designed system. Thanks to the use of DF multihop MIMO FSO configuration and MPPM signaling, atmospheric turbulence is combatted; hence the transmitted signal quality is improved. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=free%20space%20optical" title="free space optical">free space optical</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=multiple%20input%20multiple%20output" title=" multiple input multiple output"> multiple input multiple output</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M-ary%20pulse%20position%20modulation" title=" M-ary pulse position modulation"> M-ary pulse position modulation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=multihop" title=" multihop"> multihop</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=decode%20and%20forward" title=" decode and forward"> decode and forward</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=symbol%20error%20rate" title=" symbol error rate"> symbol error rate</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=gamma-gamma%20channel" title=" gamma-gamma channel"> gamma-gamma channel</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/91351/performance-analysis-of-m-ary-pulse-position-modulation-in-multihop-multiple-input-multiple-output-free-space-optical-system-over-uncorrelated-gamma-gamma-atmospheric-turbulence-channels" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/91351.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">199</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">434</span> Effect of Gamma Irradiation on Structural and Optical Properties of ZnO/Mesoporous Silica Nanocomposite</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=K.%20Sowri%20Babu">K. Sowri Babu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=P.%20Srinath"> P. Srinath</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=N.%20Rajeswara%20Rao"> N. Rajeswara Rao</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=K.%20Venugopal%20Reddy"> K. Venugopal Reddy</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The effect of gamma ray irradiation on morphology and optical properties of ZnO/Mesoporous silica (MPS) nanocomposite was studied. The ZnO/MPS nanocomposite was irradiated with gamma rays of doses 30, 60, and 90 kGy and dose-rate of irradiation was 0.15 kGy/hour. Irradiated samples are characterized with FE-SEM, FT-IR, UV-vis, and Photoluminescence (PL) spectrometers. SEM pictures showed that morphology changed from spherical to flake like morphology. UV-vis analysis showed that the band gap increased with increase of gamma ray irradiation dose. This enhancement of the band gap is assigned to the depletion of oxygen vacancies with irradiation. The intensity of PL peak decreased gradually with increase of gamma ray irradiation dose. The decrease in PL intensity is attributed to the decrease of oxygen vacancies at the interface due to poor interface and improper passivation between ZnO/MPS. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ZnO%20nanoparticles" title="ZnO nanoparticles">ZnO nanoparticles</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nanocomposites" title=" nanocomposites"> nanocomposites</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mesoporous%20silica" title=" mesoporous silica"> mesoporous silica</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=photoluminescence" title=" photoluminescence"> photoluminescence</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/72909/effect-of-gamma-irradiation-on-structural-and-optical-properties-of-znomesoporous-silica-nanocomposite" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/72909.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">234</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">433</span> Statistical Analysis of Interferon-γ for the Effectiveness of an Anti-Tuberculous Treatment</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shishen%20Xie">Shishen Xie</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yingda%20L.%20Xie"> Yingda L. Xie</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Tuberculosis (TB) is a potentially serious infectious disease that remains a health concern. The Interferon Gamma Release Assay (IGRA) is a blood test to find out if an individual is tuberculous positive or negative. This study applies statistical analysis to the clinical data of interferon-gamma levels of seventy-three subjects who diagnosed pulmonary TB in an anti-tuberculous treatment. Data analysis is performed to determine if there is a significant decline in interferon-gamma levels for the subjects during a period of six months, and to infer if the anti-tuberculous treatment is effective. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=data%20analysis" title="data analysis">data analysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=interferon%20gamma%20release%20assay" title=" interferon gamma release assay"> interferon gamma release assay</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=statistical%20methods" title=" statistical methods"> statistical methods</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=tuberculosis%20infection" title=" tuberculosis infection"> tuberculosis infection</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/49709/statistical-analysis-of-interferon-gh-for-the-effectiveness-of-an-anti-tuberculous-treatment" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/49709.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">305</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">432</span> Simulation of the Collimator Plug Design for Prompt-Gamma Activation Analysis in the IEA-R1 Nuclear Reactor</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Carlos%20G.%20Santos">Carlos G. Santos</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Frederico%20A.%20Genezini"> Frederico A. Genezini</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20P.%20Dos%20Santos"> A. P. Dos Santos</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=H.%20Yorivaz"> H. Yorivaz</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=P.%20T.%20D.%20Siqueira"> P. T. D. Siqueira</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The Prompt-Gamma Activation Analysis (PGAA) is a valuable technique for investigating the elemental composition of various samples. However, the installation of a PGAA system entails specific conditions such as filtering the neutron beam according to the target and providing adequate shielding for both users and detectors. These requirements incur substantial costs, exceeding $100,000, including manpower. Nevertheless, a cost-effective approach involves leveraging an existing neutron beam facility to create a hybrid system integrating PGAA and Neutron Tomography (NT). The IEA-R1 nuclear reactor at IPEN/USP possesses an NT facility with suitable conditions for adapting and implementing a PGAA device. The NT facility offers a thermal flux slightly colder and provides shielding for user protection. The key additional requirement involves designing detector shielding to mitigate high gamma ray background and safeguard the HPGe detector from neutron-induced damage. This study employs Monte Carlo simulations with the MCNP6 code to optimize the collimator plug for PGAA within the IEA-R1 NT facility. Three collimator models are proposed and simulated to assess their effectiveness in shielding gamma and neutron radiation from nucleon fission. The aim is to achieve a focused prompt-gamma signal while shielding ambient gamma radiation. The simulation results indicate that one of the proposed designs is particularly suitable for the PGAA-NT hybrid system. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=MCNP6.1" title="MCNP6.1">MCNP6.1</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=neutron" title=" neutron"> neutron</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=prompt-gamma%20ray" title=" prompt-gamma ray"> prompt-gamma ray</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=prompt-gamma%20activation%20analysis" title=" prompt-gamma activation analysis"> prompt-gamma activation analysis</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/179265/simulation-of-the-collimator-plug-design-for-prompt-gamma-activation-analysis-in-the-iea-r1-nuclear-reactor" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/179265.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">75</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">431</span> Radiative Reactions Analysis at the Range of Astrophysical Energies </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Amar">A. Amar</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Analysis of the elastic scattering of protons on <sup>10</sup>B nuclei has been done in the framework of the optical model and single folding model at the beam energies up to 17 MeV. We could enhance the optical potential parameters using Esis88 Code, as well as SPI GENOA Code. Linear relationship between volume real potential (V<sub>0</sub>) and proton energy (E<sub>p</sub>) has been obtained. Also, surface imaginary potential W<sub>D</sub> is proportional to the proton energy (E<sub>p</sub>) in the range 0.400 and 17 MeV. The radiative reaction <sup>10</sup>B(p,γ)<sup>11</sup>C has been analyzed using potential model. A comparison between <sup>10</sup>B(p,γ)<sup>11</sup>C and <sup>6</sup>Li(p,γ)<sup>7</sup>Be has been made. Good agreement has been found between theoretical and experimental results in the whole range of energy. The radiative resonance reaction <sup>7</sup>Li(p,γ)<sup>8</sup>Be has been studied. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=elastic%20scattering%20of%20protons%20on%2010B%20nuclei" title="elastic scattering of protons on 10B nuclei">elastic scattering of protons on 10B nuclei</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=optical%20potential%20parameters" title=" optical potential parameters"> optical potential parameters</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=potential%20model" title=" potential model"> potential model</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=radiative%20reaction" title=" radiative reaction"> radiative reaction</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/88571/radiative-reactions-analysis-at-the-range-of-astrophysical-energies" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/88571.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">210</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">430</span> Modification of Electrical and Switching Characteristics of a Non Punch-Through Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistor by Gamma Irradiation</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hani%20Baek">Hani Baek</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Gwang%20Min%20Sun"> Gwang Min Sun</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chansun%20Shin"> Chansun Shin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sung%20Ho%20Ahn"> Sung Ho Ahn</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Fast neutron irradiation using nuclear reactors is an effective method to improve switching loss and short circuit durability of power semiconductor (insulated gate bipolar transistors (IGBT) and insulated gate transistors (IGT), etc.). However, not only fast neutrons but also thermal neutrons, epithermal neutrons and gamma exist in the nuclear reactor. And the electrical properties of the IGBT may be deteriorated by the irradiation of gamma. Gamma irradiation damages are known to be caused by Total Ionizing Dose (TID) effect and Single Event Effect (SEE), Displacement Damage. Especially, the TID effect deteriorated the electrical properties such as leakage current and threshold voltage of a power semiconductor. This work can confirm the effect of the gamma irradiation on the electrical properties of 600 V NPT-IGBT. Irradiation of gamma forms lattice defects in the gate oxide and Si-SiO<sub>2</sub> interface of the IGBT. It was confirmed that this lattice defect acts on the center of the trap and affects the threshold voltage, thereby negatively shifted the threshold voltage according to TID. In addition to the change in the carrier mobility, the conductivity modulation decreases in the n-drift region, indicating a negative influence that the forward voltage drop decreases. The turn-off delay time of the device before irradiation was 212 ns. Those of 2.5, 10, 30, 70 and 100 kRad(Si) were 225, 258, 311, 328, and 350 ns, respectively. The gamma irradiation increased the turn-off delay time of the IGBT by approximately 65%, and the switching characteristics deteriorated. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=NPT-IGBT" title="NPT-IGBT">NPT-IGBT</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=gamma%20irradiation" title=" gamma irradiation"> gamma irradiation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=switching" title=" switching"> switching</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=turn-off%20delay%20time" title=" turn-off delay time"> turn-off delay time</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=recombination" title=" recombination"> recombination</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=trap%20center" title=" trap center"> trap center</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/93282/modification-of-electrical-and-switching-characteristics-of-a-non-punch-through-insulated-gate-bipolar-transistor-by-gamma-irradiation" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/93282.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">155</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">429</span> Effect of Gamma Radiation on Bromophenol Blue Dyed Films as Dosimeter</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Priyanka%20R.%20Oberoi">Priyanka R. Oberoi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chandra%20B.%20Maurya"> Chandra B. Maurya</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Prakash%20A.%20Mahanwar"> Prakash A. Mahanwar</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Ionizing radiation can cause a drastic change in the physical and chemical properties of the material exposed. Numerous medical devices are sterilized by ionizing radiation. In the current research paper, an attempt was made to develop precise and inexpensive polymeric film dosimeter which can be used for controlling radiation dosage. Polymeric film containing (pH sensitive dye) indicator dye Bromophenol blue (BPB) was casted to check the effect of Gamma radiation on its optical and physical properties. The film was exposed to gamma radiation at 4 kGy/hr in the range of 0 to 300 kGy at an interval of 50 kGy. Release of vinyl acetate from an emulsion on high radiation reacts with the BPB fading the color of the film from blue to light blue and then finally colorless, indicating a change in pH from basic to acidic form. The change was characterized by using CIE l*a*b*, ultra-violet spectroscopy and FT-IR respectively. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bromophenol%20blue" title="bromophenol blue">bromophenol blue</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dosimeter" title=" dosimeter"> dosimeter</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=gamma%20radiation" title=" gamma radiation"> gamma radiation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=polymer" title=" polymer"> polymer</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/55840/effect-of-gamma-radiation-on-bromophenol-blue-dyed-films-as-dosimeter" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/55840.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">290</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">428</span> Formation of Protective Silicide-Aluminide Coating on Gamma-TiAl Advanced Material</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20Nouri">S. Nouri</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this study, the Si-aluminide coating was prepared on gamma-TiAl [Ti-45Al-2Nb-2Mn-1B (at. %)] via liquid-phase slurry procedure. The high temperature oxidation resistance of this diffusion coating was evaluated at 1100 °C for 400 hours. The results of the isothermal oxidation showed that the formation of Si-aluminide coating can remarkably improve the high temperature oxidation of bare gamma-TiAl alloy. The identification of oxide scale microstructure showed that the formation of protective Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>+SiO<sub>2</sub> mixed oxide scale along with a continuous, compact and uniform layer of Ti<sub>5</sub>Si<sub>3</sub> beneath the surface oxide scale can act as an oxygen diffusion barrier during the high temperature oxidation. The other possible mechanisms related to the formation of Si-aluminide coating and oxide scales were also discussed. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Gamma-TiAl%20alloy" title="Gamma-TiAl alloy">Gamma-TiAl alloy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=high%20temperature%20oxidation" title=" high temperature oxidation"> high temperature oxidation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Si-aluminide%20coating" title=" Si-aluminide coating"> Si-aluminide coating</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=slurry%20procedure" title=" slurry procedure"> slurry procedure</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/105858/formation-of-protective-silicide-aluminide-coating-on-gamma-tial-advanced-material" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/105858.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">178</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">427</span> Gamma Irradiation Effects on the Crystal Structural and Transport Properties of Bi₂Te₃ Thin Films Grown by Thermal Evaporation</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shoroog%20Alraddadi">Shoroog Alraddadi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this study, the effect of gamma irradiation on the structural and transport properties of Bismuth Telluride (Bi₂Te₃) thin films was investigated. Bi₂Te₃ thin films with thicknesses varying from 100 nm to 500 nm were grown using thermal evaporation in vacuum 10⁻⁵ Torr. The films were irradiated by Gamma radiation with different doses (50, 200, and 500 kGy). The crystal structure of Bi₂Te₃ thin films was studied by XRD diffraction. It was showed that the degree of crystallinity of films increases as the doses increase. Furthermore, it was found that the electrical conductivity of Bi₂Te₃ increase as the doses increase. From these results, it can be concluding that the effect of radiation on the structural and transport properties was positive at the levels of irradiation used. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bismuth%20telluride" title="bismuth telluride">bismuth telluride</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=gamma%20irradiation" title=" gamma irradiation"> gamma irradiation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=thin%20film" title=" thin film"> thin film</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=transport%20properties" title=" transport properties"> transport properties</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/99624/gamma-irradiation-effects-on-the-crystal-structural-and-transport-properties-of-bi2te3-thin-films-grown-by-thermal-evaporation" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/99624.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">156</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">426</span> Method for Targeting Small Volume in Rat Brainby Gamma Knife and Dosimetric Control: Towards a Standardization</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=J.%20Constanzo">J. Constanzo</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=B.%20Paquette"> B. Paquette</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=G.%20Charest"> G. Charest</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=L.%20Masson-C%C3%B4t%C3%A9"> L. Masson-Côté</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Guillot"> M. Guillot</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Targeted and whole-brain irradiation in humans can result in significant side effects causing decreased patient quality of life. To adequately investigate structural and functional alterations after stereotactic radiosurgery, preclinical studies are needed. The first step is to establish a robust standardized method of targeted irradiation on small regions of the rat brain. Eleven euthanized male Fischer rats were imaged in a stereotactic bed, by computed tomographic (CT), to estimate positioning variations regarding to the bregma skull reference point. Using a rat brain atlas and the stereotactic bregma coordinates assessed from CT images, various regions of the brain were delimited and a treatment plan was generated. A dose of 37 Gy at 30% isodose which corresponds to 100 Gy in 100% of the target volume (X = 98.1; Y = 109.1; Z = 100.0) was set by Leksell Gamma Plan using sectors number 4, 5, 7, and 8 of the Gamma Knife unit with the 4-mm diameter collimators. Effects of positioning accuracy of the rat brain on the dose deposition were simulated by Gamma Plan and validated with dosimetric measurements. Our results showed that 90% of the target volume received 110 ± 4.7 Gy and the maximum of deposited dose was 124 ± 0.6 Gy, which corresponds to an excellent relative standard deviation of 0.5%. This dose deposition calculated with the Gamma Plan was validated with the dosimetric films resulting in a dose-profile agreement within 2%, both in X- and Z-axis,. Our results demonstrate the feasibility to standardize the irradiation procedure of a small volume in the rat brain using a Gamma Knife. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=brain%20irradiation" title="brain irradiation">brain irradiation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dosimetry" title=" dosimetry"> dosimetry</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=gamma%20knife" title=" gamma knife"> gamma knife</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=small-animal%20irradiation" title=" small-animal irradiation"> small-animal irradiation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=stereotactic%20radiosurgery%20%28SRS%29" title=" stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS)"> stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS)</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/12767/method-for-targeting-small-volume-in-rat-brainby-gamma-knife-and-dosimetric-control-towards-a-standardization" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/12767.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">407</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">425</span> End-to-End Performance of MPPM in Multihop MIMO-FSO System Over Dependent GG Atmospheric Turbulence Channels</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hechmi%20Saidi">Hechmi Saidi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Noureddine%20Hamdi"> Noureddine Hamdi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The performance of decode and forward (DF) multihop free space optical (FSO) scheme deploying multiple input multiple output (MIMO) configuration under gamma-gamma (GG) statistical distribution, that adopts M-ary pulse position modulation (MPPM) coding, is investigated. We have extracted exact and estimated values of symbol-error rates (SERs) respectively. The probability density function (PDF)’s closed-form formula is expressed for our designed system. Thanks to the use of DF multihop MIMO FSO configuration and MPPM signaling, atmospheric turbulence is combatted; hence the transmitted signal quality is improved. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=free%20space%20optical" title="free space optical">free space optical</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=gamma%20gamma%20channel" title=" gamma gamma channel"> gamma gamma channel</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=radio%20frequency" title=" radio frequency"> radio frequency</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=decode%20and%20forward" title=" decode and forward"> decode and forward</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=multiple-input%20multiple-output" title=" multiple-input multiple-output"> multiple-input multiple-output</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M-ary%20pulse%20position%20modulation" title=" M-ary pulse position modulation"> M-ary pulse position modulation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=symbol%20error%20rate" title=" symbol error rate"> symbol error rate</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/91635/end-to-end-performance-of-mppm-in-multihop-mimo-fso-system-over-dependent-gg-atmospheric-turbulence-channels" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/91635.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">250</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">424</span> An Automated Procedure for Estimating the Glomerular Filtration Rate and Determining the Normality or Abnormality of the Kidney Stages Using an Artificial Neural Network</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hossain%20A.">Hossain A.</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chowdhury%20S.%20I."> Chowdhury S. I.</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Introduction: The use of a gamma camera is a standard procedure in nuclear medicine facilities or hospitals to diagnose chronic kidney disease (CKD), but the gamma camera does not precisely stage the disease. The authors sought to determine whether they could use an artificial neural network to determine whether CKD was in normal or abnormal stages based on GFR values (ANN). Method: The 250 kidney patients (Training 188, Testing 62) who underwent an ultrasonography test to diagnose a renal test in our nuclear medical center were scanned using a gamma camera. Before the scanning procedure, the patients received an injection of ⁹⁹ᵐTc-DTPA. The gamma camera computes the pre- and post-syringe radioactive counts after the injection has been pushed into the patient's vein. The artificial neural network uses the softmax function with cross-entropy loss to determine whether CKD is normal or abnormal based on the GFR value in the output layer. Results: The proposed ANN model had a 99.20 % accuracy according to K-fold cross-validation. The sensitivity and specificity were 99.10 and 99.20 %, respectively. AUC was 0.994. Conclusion: The proposed model can distinguish between normal and abnormal stages of CKD by using an artificial neural network. The gamma camera could be upgraded to diagnose normal or abnormal stages of CKD with an appropriate GFR value following the clinical application of the proposed model. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=artificial%20neural%20network" title="artificial neural network">artificial neural network</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=glomerular%20filtration%20rate" title=" glomerular filtration rate"> glomerular filtration rate</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=stages%20of%20the%20kidney" title=" stages of the kidney"> stages of the kidney</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=gamma%20camera" title=" gamma camera"> gamma camera</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/153994/an-automated-procedure-for-estimating-the-glomerular-filtration-rate-and-determining-the-normality-or-abnormality-of-the-kidney-stages-using-an-artificial-neural-network" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/153994.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">103</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">423</span> The MCNP Simulation of Prompt Gamma-Ray Neutron Activation Analysis at TRR-1/M1</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20Sangaroon">S. Sangaroon</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=W.%20Ratanatongchai"> W. Ratanatongchai</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20Khaweerat"> S. Khaweerat</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=R.%20Picha"> R. Picha</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=J.%20Channuie"> J. Channuie</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The prompt gamma-ray neutron activation analysis system (PGNAA) has been constructed and installed at a 6 inch diameter neutron beam port of the Thai Research Reactor-1/ Modification 1 (TRR-1/M1) since 1989. It was designed for the reactor operating power at 1.2 MW. The purpose of the system is for an elemental and isotopic analytical. In 2016, the PGNAA facility will be developed to reduce the leakage and background of neutrons and gamma radiation at the sample and detector position. In this work, the designed condition of these facilities is carried out based on the Monte Carlo method using MCNP5 computer code. The conditions with different modification materials, thicknesses and structure of the PGNAA facility, including gamma collimator and radiation shields of the detector, are simulated, and then the optimal structure parameters with a significantly improved performance of the facility are obtained. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=MCNP%20simulation" title="MCNP simulation">MCNP simulation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=PGNAA" title=" PGNAA"> PGNAA</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Thai%20research%20reactor%20%28TRR-1%2FM1%29" title=" Thai research reactor (TRR-1/M1)"> Thai research reactor (TRR-1/M1)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=radiation%20shielding" title=" radiation shielding"> radiation shielding</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/41895/the-mcnp-simulation-of-prompt-gamma-ray-neutron-activation-analysis-at-trr-1m1" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/41895.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">383</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">422</span> Parameter Estimation for the Mixture of Generalized Gamma Model</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Wikanda%20Phaphan">Wikanda Phaphan</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Mixture generalized gamma distribution is a combination of two distributions: generalized gamma distribution and length biased generalized gamma distribution. These two distributions were presented by Suksaengrakcharoen and Bodhisuwan in 2014. The findings showed that probability density function (pdf) had fairly complexities, so it made problems in estimating parameters. The problem occurred in parameter estimation was that we were unable to calculate estimators in the form of critical expression. Thus, we will use numerical estimation to find the estimators. In this study, we presented a new method of the parameter estimation by using the expectation – maximization algorithm (EM), the conjugate gradient method, and the quasi-Newton method. The data was generated by acceptance-rejection method which is used for estimating α, β, λ and p. λ is the scale parameter, p is the weight parameter, α and β are the shape parameters. We will use Monte Carlo technique to find the estimator's performance. Determining the size of sample equals 10, 30, 100; the simulations were repeated 20 times in each case. We evaluated the effectiveness of the estimators which was introduced by considering values of the mean squared errors and the bias. The findings revealed that the EM-algorithm had proximity to the actual values determined. Also, the maximum likelihood estimators via the conjugate gradient and the quasi-Newton method are less precision than the maximum likelihood estimators via the EM-algorithm. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=conjugate%20gradient%20method" title="conjugate gradient method">conjugate gradient method</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=quasi-Newton%20method" title=" quasi-Newton method"> quasi-Newton method</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=EM-algorithm" title=" EM-algorithm"> EM-algorithm</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=generalized%20gamma%20distribution" title=" generalized gamma distribution"> generalized gamma distribution</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=length%20biased%20generalized%20gamma%20distribution" title=" length biased generalized gamma distribution"> length biased generalized gamma distribution</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=maximum%20likelihood%20method" title=" maximum likelihood method"> maximum likelihood method</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/81404/parameter-estimation-for-the-mixture-of-generalized-gamma-model" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/81404.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">219</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">421</span> Simulation of Gamma Rays Attenuation Coefficient for Some common Shielding Materials Using Monte Carlo Program</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Cherief%20Houria">Cherief Houria</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Fouka%20Mourad"> Fouka Mourad</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this work, the simulation of the radiation attenuation is carried out in a photon detector consisting of different common shielding material using a Monte Carlo program called PTM. The aim of the study is to investigate the effect of atomic weight and the thickness of shielding materials on the gamma radiation attenuation ability. The linear attenuation coefficients of Aluminum (Al), Iron (Fe), and lead (Pb) elements were evaluated at photons energy of 661:7KeV that are considered to be emitted from a standard radioactive point source Cs 137. The experimental measurements have been performed for three materials to obtain these linear attenuation coefficients, using a Gamma NaI(Tl) scintillation detector. Our results have been compared with the simulation results of the linear attenuation coefficient using the XCOM database and Geant4 codes and reveal that they are well agreed with both simulation data. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=gamma%20photon" title="gamma photon">gamma photon</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Monte%20Carlo%20program" title=" Monte Carlo program"> Monte Carlo program</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=radiation%20attenuation" title=" radiation attenuation"> radiation attenuation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=shielding%20material" title=" shielding material"> shielding material</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=the%20linear%20attenuation%20coefficient" title=" the linear attenuation coefficient"> the linear attenuation coefficient</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/132610/simulation-of-gamma-rays-attenuation-coefficient-for-some-common-shielding-materials-using-monte-carlo-program" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/132610.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">203</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">420</span> The High Temperature Damage of DV–2 Turbine Blade Made from Ni–Base Superalloy</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Juraj%20Belan">Juraj Belan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Lenka%20Hurtalov%C3%A1"> Lenka Hurtalová</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Eva%20Tillov%C3%A1"> Eva Tillová</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Alan%20Va%C5%A1ko"> Alan Vaško</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Milan%20Uhr%C3%AD%C4%8Dik"> Milan Uhríčik</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> High-pressure turbine (HPT) blades of DV–2 jet engines are made from Ni–base superalloy, a former Soviet Union production, specified as ŽS6K. For improving its high-temperature resistance are blades covered with Al–Si diffusion layer. A regular operation temperature of HPT blades vary from 705°C to 750°C depending on jet engine regime. An over-crossing working temperature range causes degradation of protective alitize layer as well as base material–gamma matrix and gamma prime particles what decreases turbine blade lifetime. High-temperature degradation has mainly diffusion mechanism and causes coarsening of strengthening phase gamma prime and protective alitize layer thickness growing. All changes have a significant influence on high-temperature properties of base material. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=alitize%20layer" title="alitize layer">alitize layer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=gamma%20prime%20phase" title=" gamma prime phase"> gamma prime phase</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=high-temperature%20degradation" title=" high-temperature degradation"> high-temperature degradation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ni%E2%80%93base%20superalloy%20%C5%BDS6K" title=" Ni–base superalloy ŽS6K"> Ni–base superalloy ŽS6K</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=turbine%20blade" title=" turbine blade"> turbine blade</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/20085/the-high-temperature-damage-of-dv-2-turbine-blade-made-from-ni-base-superalloy" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/20085.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">533</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">419</span> Marginalized Two-Part Joint Models for Generalized Gamma Family of Distributions</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohadeseh%20Shojaei%20Shahrokhabadi">Mohadeseh Shojaei Shahrokhabadi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ding-Geng%20%28Din%29%20Chen"> Ding-Geng (Din) Chen</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Positive continuous outcomes with a substantial number of zero values and incomplete longitudinal follow-up are quite common in medical cost data. To jointly model semi-continuous longitudinal cost data and survival data and to provide marginalized covariate effect estimates, a marginalized two-part joint model (MTJM) has been developed for outcome variables with lognormal distributions. In this paper, we propose MTJM models for outcome variables from a generalized gamma (GG) family of distributions. The GG distribution constitutes a general family that includes approximately all of the most frequently used distributions like the Gamma, Exponential, Weibull, and Log Normal. In the proposed MTJM-GG model, the conditional mean from a conventional two-part model with a three-parameter GG distribution is parameterized to provide the marginal interpretation for regression coefficients. In addition, MTJM-gamma and MTJM-Weibull are developed as special cases of MTJM-GG. To illustrate the applicability of the MTJM-GG, we applied the model to a set of real electronic health record data recently collected in Iran, and we provided SAS code for application. The simulation results showed that when the outcome distribution is unknown or misspecified, which is usually the case in real data sets, the MTJM-GG consistently outperforms other models. The GG family of distribution facilitates estimating a model with improved fit over the MTJM-gamma, standard Weibull, or Log-Normal distributions. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=marginalized%20two-part%20model" title="marginalized two-part model">marginalized two-part model</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=zero-inflated" title=" zero-inflated"> zero-inflated</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=right-skewed" title=" right-skewed"> right-skewed</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=semi-continuous" title=" semi-continuous"> semi-continuous</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=generalized%20gamma" title=" generalized gamma"> generalized gamma</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/140917/marginalized-two-part-joint-models-for-generalized-gamma-family-of-distributions" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/140917.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">176</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">418</span> Determination of Natural Gamma Radioactivity in Sand along the Black Sea Coastal Region of Giresun, North Turkey</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Karadeniz">A. Karadeniz</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Belgin%20Kucukomeroglu"> Belgin Kucukomeroglu</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this study natural gamma radioactivity levels are determined on sands along the coastal regions of Giresun/Turkey. The coast of Giresun about 290 km long in investigated to collect 101 sand samples. Natural and artificial radioactivity concentrations of sand samples were measured by using HPGe gamma spectrometry. The average activity concentrations of 238U, 232Th, 40K and 137Cs on sand samples of Giresun were found to be 10.83±2.92 Bq/kg, 21.28±3.22 Bq/kg, 6.42±1.06 Bq/kg, 230.94±10.67 Bq/kg respectively. The average activity concentrations for these radionuclides were compared with the reported data of other parts of Turkey and other countries. The average absorbed dose rate for Giresun was calculated to be 38.68 nGy/h respectively. This value is significantly lower than the World averaged value of 60 nGy/h. The external annual effective dose rate concentration in Giresun was found to be 0.047 mSv/y respectively. This result is much lower than the recommeded limit of 5 mSv/y. The external hazard dose rate for Giresun weas calculated to be 0.21 respectively. This result is much lower than the recommended limit of 1.0. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=concentration" title="concentration">concentration</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=radioactivity" title=" radioactivity"> radioactivity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Giresun" title=" Giresun"> Giresun</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=natural%20gamma%20radioactivity" title=" natural gamma radioactivity"> natural gamma radioactivity</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/29636/determination-of-natural-gamma-radioactivity-in-sand-along-the-black-sea-coastal-region-of-giresun-north-turkey" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/29636.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">391</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">417</span> Investigating Nanocrystalline CaF2:Tm for Carbon Beam and Gamma Radiation Dosimetry</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kanika%20Sharma">Kanika Sharma</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shaila%20Bahl"> Shaila Bahl</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Birendra%20Singh"> Birendra Singh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Pratik%20Kumar"> Pratik Kumar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20P.%20Lochab"> S. P. Lochab</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Pandey"> A. Pandey</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In the present investigation, initially nano-particles of CaF2 were prepared by the chemical co-precipitation method and later the prepared salt was activated by thulium (0.1 mol%) using the combustion technique. The final product was characterized and confirmed by X-Ray diffraction (XRD) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Further, the thermoluminescence (TL) properties of the nanophosphor were studied by irradiating it with 1.25 MeV of gamma radiation and 65 MeV of carbon (C6+) ion beam. For gamma rays, two prominent TL peaks were observed with a low temperature peak at around 1070C and a high temperature peak at around 1570C. Furthermore, the nanophosphor maintained a linear TL response for the entire range of studied doses i.e. 10 Gy to 2000 Gy for both the temperature peaks. Moreover, when the nanophosphor was irradiated with 65 MeV of C6+ ion beam the shape and structure of the glow curves remained spectacularly similar and the nanophosphor displayed a linear TL response for the full range of studied fluences i.e. 5*1010 ions/cm2 to 1 *1012 ions/ cm2. Finally, various tests like reproducibility test and batch homogeneity were also carried out to define the final product. Thus, co-precipitation method followed by combustion technique was successful in effectively producing dosimetric grade CaF2:Tm for dosimetry of gamma as well as carbon (C6+) beam. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=gamma%20radiation" title="gamma radiation">gamma radiation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ion%20beam" title=" ion beam"> ion beam</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nanocrystalline" title=" nanocrystalline"> nanocrystalline</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=radiation%20dosimetry" title=" radiation dosimetry"> radiation dosimetry</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/91069/investigating-nanocrystalline-caf2tm-for-carbon-beam-and-gamma-radiation-dosimetry" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/91069.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">184</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">416</span> Effect of Gamma Irradiation on the Crystalline Structure of Poly(Vinylidene Fluoride)</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Adriana%20Souza%20M.%20Batista">Adriana Souza M. Batista</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Cl%C3%A1ubia%20Pereira"> Cláubia Pereira</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Luiz%20O.%20Faria"> Luiz O. Faria</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The irradiation of polymeric materials has received much attention because it can produce diverse changes in chemical structure and physical properties. Thus, studying the chemical and structural changes of polymers is important in practice to achieve optimal conditions for the modification of polymers. The effect of gamma irradiation on the crystalline structure of poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) has been investigated using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and X-ray diffraction techniques (XRD). Gamma irradiation was carried out in atmosphere air with doses between 100 kGy at 3,000 kGy with a Co-60 source. In the melting thermogram of the samples irradiated can be seen a bimodal melting endotherm is detected with two melting temperature. The lower melting temperature is attributed to melting of crystals originally present and the higher melting peak due to melting of crystals reorganized upon heat treatment. These results are consistent with those obtained by XRD technique showing increasing crystallinity with increasing irradiation dose, although the melting latent heat is decreasing. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=differential%20scanning%20calorimetry" title="differential scanning calorimetry">differential scanning calorimetry</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=gamma%20irradiation" title=" gamma irradiation"> gamma irradiation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=PVDF" title=" PVDF"> PVDF</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=X-ray%20diffraction%20technique" title=" X-ray diffraction technique"> X-ray diffraction technique</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/36098/effect-of-gamma-irradiation-on-the-crystalline-structure-of-polyvinylidene-fluoride" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/36098.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">401</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">415</span> Application of Neutron Stimulated Gamma Spectroscopy for Soil Elemental Analysis and Mapping</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Aleksandr%20Kavetskiy">Aleksandr Kavetskiy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Galina%20Yakubova"> Galina Yakubova</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nikolay%20Sargsyan"> Nikolay Sargsyan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Stephen%20A.%20Prior"> Stephen A. Prior</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=H.%20Allen%20Torbert"> H. Allen Torbert</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Determining soil elemental content and distribution (mapping) within a field are key features of modern agricultural practice. While traditional chemical analysis is a time consuming and labor-intensive multi-step process (e.g., sample collections, transport to laboratory, physical preparations, and chemical analysis), neutron-gamma soil analysis can be performed in-situ. This analysis is based on the registration of gamma rays issued from nuclei upon interaction with neutrons. Soil elements such as Si, C, Fe, O, Al, K, and H (moisture) can be assessed with this method. Data received from analysis can be directly used for creating soil elemental distribution maps (based on ArcGIS software) suitable for agricultural purposes. The neutron-gamma analysis system developed for field application consisted of an MP320 Neutron Generator (Thermo Fisher Scientific, Inc.), 3 sodium iodide gamma detectors (SCIONIX, Inc.) with a total volume of 7 liters, 'split electronics' (XIA, LLC), a power system, and an operational computer. Paired with GPS, this system can be used in the scanning mode to acquire gamma spectra while traversing a field. Using acquired spectra, soil elemental content can be calculated. These data can be combined with geographical coordinates in a geographical information system (i.e., ArcGIS) to produce elemental distribution maps suitable for agricultural purposes. Special software has been developed that will acquire gamma spectra, process and sort data, calculate soil elemental content, and combine these data with measured geographic coordinates to create soil elemental distribution maps. For example, 5.5 hours was needed to acquire necessary data for creating a carbon distribution map of an 8.5 ha field. This paper will briefly describe the physics behind the neutron gamma analysis method, physical construction the measurement system, and main characteristics and modes of work when conducting field surveys. Soil elemental distribution maps resulting from field surveys will be presented. and discussed. Comparison of these maps with maps created on the bases of chemical analysis and soil moisture measurements determined by soil electrical conductivity was similar. The maps created by neutron-gamma analysis were reproducible, as well. Based on these facts, it can be asserted that neutron stimulated soil gamma spectroscopy paired with GPS system is fully applicable for soil elemental agricultural field mapping. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ArcGIS%20mapping" title="ArcGIS mapping">ArcGIS mapping</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=neutron%20gamma%20analysis" title=" neutron gamma analysis"> neutron gamma analysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=soil%20elemental%20content" title=" soil elemental content"> soil elemental content</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=soil%20gamma%20spectroscopy" title=" soil gamma spectroscopy"> soil gamma spectroscopy</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/110999/application-of-neutron-stimulated-gamma-spectroscopy-for-soil-elemental-analysis-and-mapping" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/110999.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">134</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">414</span> Development of a Nano-Alumina-Zirconia Composite Catalyst as an Active Thin Film in Biodiesel Production</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=N.%20Marzban">N. Marzban</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=J.%20K.%20Heydarzadeh%20M.%20Pourmohammadbagher"> J. K. Heydarzadeh M. Pourmohammadbagher</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20H.%20Hatami"> M. H. Hatami</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Samia"> A. Samia</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> A nano-alumina-zirconia composite catalyst was synthesized by a simple aqueous sol-gel method using AlCl<sub>3</sub>.6H<sub>2</sub>O and ZrCl<sub>4</sub> as precursors. Thermal decomposition of the precursor and subsequent formation of γ-Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> and t-Zr were investigated by thermal analysis. XRD analysis showed that γ-Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> and t-ZrO<sub>2 </sub>phases were formed at 700 °C. FT-IR analysis also indicated that the phase transition to γ-Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> occurred in corroboration with X-ray studies. TEM analysis of the calcined powder revealed that spherical particles were in the range of 8-12 nm. The nano-alumina-zirconia composite particles were mesoporous and uniformly distributed in their crystalline phase. In order to measure the catalytic activity, esteriﬁcation reaction was carried out. Biodiesel, as a renewable fuel, was formed in a continuous packed column reactor. Free fatty acid (FFA) was esterified with ethanol in a heterogeneous catalytic reactor. It was found that the synthesized γ-Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>/ZrO<sub>2</sub> composite had the potential to be used as a heterogeneous base catalyst for biodiesel production processes. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nano%20alumina-zirconia" title="nano alumina-zirconia">nano alumina-zirconia</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=composite%20catalyst" title=" composite catalyst"> composite catalyst</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=thin%20film" title=" thin film"> thin film</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=biodiesel" title=" biodiesel"> biodiesel</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/58859/development-of-a-nano-alumina-zirconia-composite-catalyst-as-an-active-thin-film-in-biodiesel-production" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/58859.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">233</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">413</span> Combined Treatment of PARP-1 Inhibitor and Carbon Ion or Gamma Exposure Reduces the Metastatic Potential in Cultured Human Cells</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Priyanka%20Chowdhury">Priyanka Chowdhury</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Asitikantha%20Sarma"> Asitikantha Sarma</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Utpal%20Ghosh"> Utpal Ghosh</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Hadron therapy using high Linear Energy Transfer (LET) ion beam is producing promising clinical results worldwide. The major advantages are its ability to kill radio-resistant tumor and its anti-metastatic activity. Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase-1 (PARP-1) inhibitors have been widely used as radiosensitizer, but its role in metastasis is unknown. The purpose of our study was to investigate the effect of PARP-1 depletion in combination with either Carbon Ion Beam (CIB) or gamma irradiation on metastatic potential of cultured cancerous cells. A549 cells were irradiated with CIB (0-4Gy) or gamma (0, 2, 4, 6 and 10 Gy) with and without PARP-1 inhibition. The metastatic potential of the cells was determined by cell migratory assay, expression, and activity of MMP-2 and MMP-9, expression of Cadherin, Fibronectin, and Vimentin. CIB exposure reduced migratory property and activity of MMP-2 and MMP-9 significantly. CIB with PARP-1 inhibition reduced cell migration and Matrix Metalloproteinase (MMPs) activity in a synergistic manner. Expression of MMPs was also down-regulated in CIB and combined treatment. On the contrary, MMP- 2 and MMP-9 activity was significantly increased in gamma irradiated cells but decreased upon combined treatment of gamma and PARP-1 inhibitor. MMPs expression and migration was reduced when gamma irradiation was combined with PARP-1 inhibition. Thus, our study clearly demonstrates that PARP-1 inhibition in combination with either high or low LET can significantly suppress metastatic potential in cancer cells and thereby can be a promising tool in controlling metastatic cancers. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=high%20LET" title="high LET">high LET</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=low%20LET" title=" low LET"> low LET</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=matrix%20metalloproteinase%20%28MMP%29" title=" matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)"> matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=PARP-1" title=" PARP-1"> PARP-1</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/76226/combined-treatment-of-parp-1-inhibitor-and-carbon-ion-or-gamma-exposure-reduces-the-metastatic-potential-in-cultured-human-cells" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/76226.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">214</span> </span> </div> </div> <ul class="pagination"> <li class="page-item disabled"><span class="page-link">&lsaquo;</span></li> <li class="page-item active"><span class="page-link">1</span></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=gamma%20ray&page=2">2</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=gamma%20ray&page=3">3</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=gamma%20ray&page=4">4</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=gamma%20ray&page=5">5</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" 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