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<span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div 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data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Appearance</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">hide</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Portugal_renewable_electricity_production.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Portugal_renewable_electricity_production.svg/400px-Portugal_renewable_electricity_production.svg.png" decoding="async" width="400" height="350" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Portugal_renewable_electricity_production.svg/600px-Portugal_renewable_electricity_production.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Portugal_renewable_electricity_production.svg/800px-Portugal_renewable_electricity_production.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="639" data-file-height="559" /></a><figcaption>Portugal's renewable electricity production from 1980 until 2019</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Renewable energy in Portugal</b> was the source for 25.7% of total energy consumption in 2013.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2014, 27% of Portugal's energy needs were supplied by renewable sources.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2016, 28% of final energy consumption in Portugal came from renewable sources.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Portugal aims to be climate neutral by 2050 and to cover 80% of its electricity consumption with renewables by 2030.<sup id="cite_ref-erneuerbare_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-erneuerbare-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2018, Portugal committed to close all of the country's coal producing facilities by 2030, making it almost completely reliant on renewable energy in the coming years.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As of 2019, coal still provided 40% of Portugal's electricity needs.<sup id="cite_ref-erneuerbare_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-erneuerbare-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The last Portuguese coal power plant closed on 19 November 2021.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Development">Development</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Renewable_energy_in_Portugal&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Development"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 2001, the Portuguese government launched a new <a href="/wiki/Energy_policy" title="Energy policy">energy policy</a> instrument – the E4 Programme (Energy efficiency and Endogenous Energies), consisting of a set of multiple, diversified measures aimed at promoting a consistent, integrated approach to energy supply and demand. By promoting <a href="/wiki/Efficient_energy_use" title="Efficient energy use">energy efficiency</a> and the use of <a href="/wiki/Renewable_energy" title="Renewable energy">renewable energy</a> (endogenous) sources, the programme sought to upgrade the competitiveness of the Portuguese economy and to modernize the country's social fabric, while preserving the environment by reducing gas emissions, especially the <a href="/wiki/Carbon_dioxide" title="Carbon dioxide">carbon dioxide</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-iea-pvps.org_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-iea-pvps.org-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>While from 2002 to 2007 the main priorities were focused on the introduction of <a href="/wiki/Natural_gas" title="Natural gas">natural gas</a> (aiming at progressively replacing oil and coal in the energy balance) and liberalization of the <a href="/wiki/Energy_market" title="Energy market">energy market</a> (by opening this former state-owned sector to competition and private investment), the emphasis shifted for the next 5 years was on energy efficiency (supply and demand sides) and use of endogenous (renewable) energy.<sup id="cite_ref-iea-pvps.org_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-iea-pvps.org-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>During February 2016, an equivalent to 95% of electricity consumed in Portugal was produced by renewable sources such as biomass, hydropower, wind power and solar power. A total of 4139 GWh was produced by these sources.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In May 2016, all of Portugal's electricity was produced renewably for a period of over four days, a landmark achievement for a modern European country.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The renewable energy produced in Portugal fell from 55.5% of the total electricity produced in 2016 to 41.8% in 2017, due to the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Drought_in_the_Iberian_Peninsula_of_2017&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Drought in the Iberian Peninsula of 2017 (page does not exist)">drought of 2017</a>, which severely affected the production of <a href="/wiki/Hydro_electricity" class="mw-redirect" title="Hydro electricity">hydro electricity</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The sources of the renewable energy that was produced in Portugal in 2017 were <a href="/wiki/Wind_power" title="Wind power">Wind power</a> with 21.6% of the total (up from 20.7% in 2016), <a href="/wiki/Hydro_power" class="mw-redirect" title="Hydro power">Hydro power</a> with 13.3% (down from 28.1% in 2016), <a href="/wiki/Bioenergy" title="Bioenergy">Bioenergy</a> with 5.1% (same as in 2016), <a href="/wiki/Solar_power" title="Solar power">Solar power</a> with 1.6% (up from 1.4% in 2016), <a href="/wiki/Geothermal_energy" title="Geothermal energy">Geothermal energy</a> with 0.4% (up from 0.3% in 2016) and a small amount of <a href="/wiki/Wave_power" title="Wave power">Wave power</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Azores" title="Azores">Azores</a>. 24% of the energy produced in the Azores is <a href="/wiki/Geothermal_energy" title="Geothermal energy">geothermal</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On July 14, 2020, <a href="/wiki/Energias_de_Portugal" class="mw-redirect" title="Energias de Portugal">EDP</a> announced it would be closing the country's largest <a href="/wiki/Coal-fired_power_station" title="Coal-fired power station">coal-fired power station</a>, in <a href="/wiki/Sines" title="Sines">Sines</a>, by January 2021.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In effect, Sines's power plant was closed on 15 January 2021, nearly ten years earlier than initially forecasted. The plant was responsible for 12% of all greenhouse emissions in Portugal, and its closure meant the biggest decrease in polluting emissions in the country's history. The Pego coal plant was the only coal-fired facility functioning until 19 November 2021 when it too was shut down. </p><p>It is estimated that around 20,000 jobs will be created until 2030 in the solar-photovoltaic industry alone, with <a href="/wiki/Energias_de_Portugal" class="mw-redirect" title="Energias de Portugal">EDP</a> having announced an investment of 24 billion Euros in the renewable industry until 2026, most of which directed at wind, solar and <a href="/wiki/Green_hydrogen" title="Green hydrogen">green hydrogen</a> production.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Hydro_power">Hydro power</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Renewable_energy_in_Portugal&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Hydro power"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:BarragemLindoso1.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/BarragemLindoso1.jpg/220px-BarragemLindoso1.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="166" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/BarragemLindoso1.jpg/330px-BarragemLindoso1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/BarragemLindoso1.jpg/440px-BarragemLindoso1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2592" data-file-height="1952" /></a><figcaption>Alto Lindoso dam, serving the largest hydroelectric power station in the country</figcaption></figure> <p>As of 2020, hydroelectricity accounted for 28% of the total amount of electricity produced in Portugal from renewable sources.<sup id="cite_ref-EnRen_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EnRen-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The largest hydroelectric power station is at the Alto Lindoso dam, with a capacity of 630 MW. Portugal has about 100 <a href="/wiki/Small_hydro" title="Small hydro">small hydro</a> systems, with a capacity of 256 MW, which produce 815 GWh/year.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Wind_power">Wind power</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Renewable_energy_in_Portugal&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Wind power"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Wind_power_in_Portugal" title="Wind power in Portugal">Wind power in Portugal</a></div> <p>At the end of 2018, wind power capacity in Continental Portugal was 5,368 MW.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2020, wind powered energy was responsible for 24% of electricity production.<sup id="cite_ref-EnRen_21-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EnRen-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Portugal combines wind and hydropower by using nighttime winds to pump water uphill and sending the water back through generators to produce power the next day; the so-called <a href="/wiki/Pumped-storage_hydroelectricity" title="Pumped-storage hydroelectricity">Pumped-storage hydroelectricity</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Solar_power">Solar power</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Renewable_energy_in_Portugal&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Solar power"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Paineis_solares_-_Bensafrim,_Lagos,_Algarve_-_Portugal_-_29.03.2023.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Paineis_solares_-_Bensafrim%2C_Lagos%2C_Algarve_-_Portugal_-_29.03.2023.jpg/220px-Paineis_solares_-_Bensafrim%2C_Lagos%2C_Algarve_-_Portugal_-_29.03.2023.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="124" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Paineis_solares_-_Bensafrim%2C_Lagos%2C_Algarve_-_Portugal_-_29.03.2023.jpg/330px-Paineis_solares_-_Bensafrim%2C_Lagos%2C_Algarve_-_Portugal_-_29.03.2023.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Paineis_solares_-_Bensafrim%2C_Lagos%2C_Algarve_-_Portugal_-_29.03.2023.jpg/440px-Paineis_solares_-_Bensafrim%2C_Lagos%2C_Algarve_-_Portugal_-_29.03.2023.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4000" data-file-height="2250" /></a><figcaption>Solar power plant in Lagos - Algarve.</figcaption></figure> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Solar_power_in_Portugal" title="Solar power in Portugal">Solar power in Portugal</a></div> <p>At the end of 2018, solar power had a total installed capacity of 828 MW.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It represented 2.2% of total power generation in 2019.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Geothermal_power">Geothermal power</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Renewable_energy_in_Portugal&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Geothermal power"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Geothermal_power_in_Portugal" title="Geothermal power in Portugal">Geothermal power in Portugal</a></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Portugal" title="Portugal">Portugal</a>'s main investment for the use of this type of energy is in the <a href="/wiki/Azores" title="Azores">Azores</a>. Small scale use of this energy source began in the 1980s in <a href="/wiki/Chaves,_Portugal" title="Chaves, Portugal">Chaves</a> and <a href="/w/index.php?title=S._Pedro_do_Sul&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="S. Pedro do Sul (page does not exist)">S. Pedro do Sul</a>, <a href="/wiki/Continental_Portugal" title="Continental Portugal">Continental Portugal</a> providing 3 MWt. </p><p>In the <a href="/wiki/Azores" title="Azores">Azores</a> the use of <a href="/wiki/Geothermal_energy" title="Geothermal energy">Geothermal energy</a> is widespread, with production in 8 of the 9 Islands, collectively producing some 235.5 MWt. In 2003, 25% of the electricity consumed in <a href="/wiki/S%C3%A3o_Miguel_Island" title="São Miguel Island">São Miguel</a> was produced by geothermal energy.<a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070615043956/http://www.energiasrenovaveis.com/html/energias/geo_pt_actualidade.asp">[1]</a> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Wave_power">Wave power</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Renewable_energy_in_Portugal&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Wave power"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Pelamis_machine_installed_at_the_Agucadoura_Wave_Park.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Pelamis_machine_installed_at_the_Agucadoura_Wave_Park.JPG/220px-Pelamis_machine_installed_at_the_Agucadoura_Wave_Park.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="99" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Pelamis_machine_installed_at_the_Agucadoura_Wave_Park.JPG/330px-Pelamis_machine_installed_at_the_Agucadoura_Wave_Park.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Pelamis_machine_installed_at_the_Agucadoura_Wave_Park.JPG/440px-Pelamis_machine_installed_at_the_Agucadoura_Wave_Park.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3371" data-file-height="1524" /></a><figcaption>1 of 3 Pelamis machines at the Aguçadoura Wave Park</figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/wiki/Agu%C3%A7adoura_Wave_Farm" title="Aguçadoura Wave Farm">Aguçadoura Wave Farm</a> was the world's first commercial <a href="/wiki/Wave_farm" class="mw-redirect" title="Wave farm">wave farm</a> when it opened on 23 September 2008. It was located three miles (5 km) offshore near <a href="/wiki/P%C3%B3voa_de_Varzim" title="Póvoa de Varzim">Póvoa de Varzim</a> north of Porto. The farm used three <a href="/wiki/Pelamis_wave_energy_converter" class="mw-redirect" title="Pelamis wave energy converter">Pelamis</a> wave energy converters to convert the motion of the <a href="/wiki/Ocean_surface_wave" class="mw-redirect" title="Ocean surface wave">ocean surface waves</a> into electricity.<sup id="cite_ref-gov.pt_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-gov.pt-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The wave farm was shut down in November 2008, just over two months after the official opening.<sup id="cite_ref-Pelamis_Sinks_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Pelamis_Sinks-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-CEO_Exits_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CEO_Exits-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the 2010s, a local company, Wave Roller installed many devices along the coast to make use of the water power.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Biogas">Biogas</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Renewable_energy_in_Portugal&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Biogas"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 2011, Portugal produced 45 <a href="/wiki/Ktoe" class="mw-redirect" title="Ktoe">ktoe</a> (Kiloton of Oil Equivalent) of <a href="/wiki/Biogas" title="Biogas">biogas</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Renewable_energy_in_Portugal&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239009302">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 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renewable energy topics by country</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Renewable_energy_in_the_European_Union" title="Renewable energy in the European Union">Renewable energy in the European Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Energy_policy_of_the_European_Union" title="Energy policy of the European Union">Energy policy of the European Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Renewable_energy_development" class="mw-redirect" title="Renewable energy development">Renewable energy development</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Renewable_energy_commercialization" title="Renewable energy commercialization">Renewable energy commercialization</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Renewable_energy_in_Portugal&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style 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(March 2022)">bare URL PDF</span></a></i>]</sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/documents/2995521/9571695/8-12022019-AP-EN.pdf/b7d237c1-ccea-4adc-a0ba-45e13602b428">https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/documents/2995521/9571695/8-12022019-AP-EN.pdf/b7d237c1-ccea-4adc-a0ba-45e13602b428</a> <sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Bare_URLs" title="Wikipedia:Bare URLs"><span title="A full citation of this PDF document is required to prevent link rot. (March 2022)">bare URL PDF</span></a></i>]</sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/documents/2995521/9571695/8-12022019-AP-EN.pdf/b7d237c1-ccea-4adc-a0ba-45e13602b428/">https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/documents/2995521/9571695/8-12022019-AP-EN.pdf/b7d237c1-ccea-4adc-a0ba-45e13602b428/</a> <sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Bare_URLs" title="Wikipedia:Bare URLs"><span title="A full citation of this PDF document is required to prevent link rot. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 March</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Portugal+News&rft.atitle=End+of+Sines+power+plant+means+biggest+emissions+reduction+ever&rft.date=2021-01-16&rft.au=TNP%2FLusa&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theportugalnews.com%2Fnews%2F2021-01-16%2Fend-of-sines-power-plant-means-biggest-emissions-reduction-ever%2F57743&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARenewable+energy+in+Portugal" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAgência_Lusa2021" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Agência Lusa (15 January 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://observador.pt/2021/01/15/central-de-sines-encerra-esta-sexta-feira-antes-do-previsto-devido-a-evolucao-do-mercado/">"Central de Sines encerra esta sexta-feira, antes do previsto devido a evolução do mercado"</a>. <i>Observador</i> (in Portuguese)<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://cleantech.com/news/4276/pelamis-sinks-portugal-wave-power-p">the original</a> on 21 March 2009.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Pelamis+Sinks+Portugal+Wave+Power&rft.pub=cleantech.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fcleantech.com%2Fnews%2F4276%2Fpelamis-sinks-portugal-wave-power-p&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARenewable+energy+in+Portugal" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-CEO_Exits-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-CEO_Exits_30-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20091003125522/http://www.greentechmedia.com/green-light/post/pelamis-wave-power-jettisons-its-ceo-rough-waters-ahead">"Pelamis Wave Power Jettisons Its CEO, Rough Waters Ahead?"</a>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Greentechmedia.com&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Greentechmedia.com (page does not exist)">greentechmedia.com</a>. 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href="https://aw-energy.com/news/portugal-takes-a-step-closer-to-commercial-wave-energy/">"Portugal takes a step closer to commercial wave energy – AW-Energy Oy"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Portugal+takes+a+step+closer+to+commercial+wave+energy+%E2%80%93+AW-Energy+Oy&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Faw-energy.com%2Fnews%2Fportugal-takes-a-step-closer-to-commercial-wave-energy%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARenewable+energy+in+Portugal" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.eurobserv-er.org/pdf/baro212biogasEu.asp">http://www.eurobserv-er.org/pdf/baro212biogasEu.asp</a><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot"><span 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the Congo">Democratic Republic of the Congo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Renewable_energy_in_Egypt" class="mw-redirect" title="Renewable energy in Egypt">Egypt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Renewable_energy_in_Ethiopia" title="Renewable energy in Ethiopia">Ethiopia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Renewable_energy_in_Kenya" title="Renewable energy in Kenya">Kenya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Renewable_energy_in_Morocco" title="Renewable energy in Morocco">Morocco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Renewable_energy_in_Nigeria" class="mw-redirect" title="Renewable energy in Nigeria">Nigeria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Renewable_energy_in_Seychelles" title="Renewable energy in Seychelles">Seychelles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Renewable_energy_in_South_Africa" title="Renewable energy in South Africa">South Africa</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Renewable_energy_in_Asia" title="Renewable energy in Asia">Asia</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Renewable_energy_in_Afghanistan" title="Renewable energy in Afghanistan">Afghanistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Renewable_energy_in_Bangladesh" title="Renewable energy in Bangladesh">Bangladesh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Renewable_energy_in_Bhutan" title="Renewable energy in Bhutan">Bhutan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Renewable_energy_in_Brunei" title="Renewable energy in Brunei">Brunei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Renewable_energy_in_China" title="Renewable energy in China">China</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Renewable_energy_in_India" title="Renewable energy in India">India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Renewable_energy_in_Indonesia" class="mw-redirect" title="Renewable energy in Indonesia">Indonesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Renewable_energy_in_Kazakhstan" title="Renewable energy in Kazakhstan">Kazakhstan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Renewable_energy_in_Malaysia" class="mw-redirect" title="Renewable energy in Malaysia">Malaysia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Renewable_energy_in_Nepal" title="Renewable energy in Nepal">Nepal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Renewable_energy_in_Pakistan" title="Renewable energy in Pakistan">Pakistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Renewable_energy_in_Palestine" title="Renewable energy in Palestine">Palestine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Renewable_energy_in_the_Philippines" title="Renewable energy in the Philippines">Philippines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Renewable_energy_in_Taiwan" title="Renewable energy in Taiwan">Taiwan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Renewable_energy_in_Thailand" title="Renewable energy in Thailand">Thailand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Renewable_energy_in_Vietnam" title="Renewable energy in Vietnam">Vietnam</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Europe</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.3em;padding-right:0.3em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Renewable_energy_in_the_European_Union" title="Renewable energy in the European Union">European Union</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Renewable_energy_in_Austria" title="Renewable energy in Austria">Austria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Renewable_energy_in_the_Czech_Republic" title="Renewable energy in the Czech Republic">Czech Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Energy_in_Cyprus#Renewable_energy" title="Energy in Cyprus">Cyprus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Renewable_energy_in_Denmark" title="Renewable energy in Denmark">Denmark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Renewable_energy_in_Finland" title="Renewable energy in Finland">Finland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Renewable_energy_in_France" title="Renewable energy in France">France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Renewable_energy_in_Germany" title="Renewable energy in Germany">Germany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Renewable_energy_in_Greece" title="Renewable energy in Greece">Greece</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Renewable_energy_in_Hungary" title="Renewable energy in Hungary">Hungary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Renewable_energy_in_the_Republic_of_Ireland" title="Renewable energy in the Republic of Ireland">Ireland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Renewable_energy_in_Italy" title="Renewable energy in Italy">Italy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Renewable_energy_in_Lithuania" title="Renewable energy in Lithuania">Lithuania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Renewable_energy_in_Luxembourg" class="mw-redirect" title="Renewable energy in Luxembourg">Luxembourg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Renewable_energy_in_Malta" class="mw-redirect" title="Renewable energy in Malta">Malta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Renewable_energy_in_the_Netherlands" title="Renewable energy in the Netherlands">Netherlands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Renewable_energy_in_Poland" class="mw-redirect" title="Renewable energy in Poland">Poland</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Portugal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Renewable_energy_in_Spain" title="Renewable energy in Spain">Spain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Renewable_energy_in_Sweden" class="mw-redirect" title="Renewable energy in Sweden">Sweden</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.3em;padding-right:0.3em;font-weight:normal;">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Renewable_energy_in_Albania" title="Renewable energy in Albania">Albania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Renewable_energy_in_Armenia" title="Renewable energy in Armenia">Armenia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Renewable_energy_in_Belarus" title="Renewable energy in Belarus">Belarus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Renewable_energy_in_Iceland" class="mw-redirect" title="Renewable energy in Iceland">Iceland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Renewable_energy_in_Kosovo" class="mw-redirect" title="Renewable energy in Kosovo">Kosovo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Renewable_energy_in_Norway" title="Renewable energy in Norway">Norway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Renewable_energy_in_Russia" title="Renewable energy in Russia">Russia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Energy_in_Switzerland#Renewable_energy_in_Switzerland" title="Energy in Switzerland">Switzerland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Renewable_energy_in_Turkey" title="Renewable energy in Turkey">Turkey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Renewable_energy_in_Ukraine" title="Renewable energy in Ukraine">Ukraine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Renewable_energy_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Renewable energy in the United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Renewable_energy_in_Scotland" title="Renewable energy in Scotland">Scotland</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">North America</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Renewable_energy_in_Canada" title="Renewable energy in Canada">Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Renewable_energy_in_Costa_Rica" title="Renewable energy in Costa Rica">Costa Rica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Renewable_energy_in_Honduras" title="Renewable energy in Honduras">Honduras</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Renewable_energy_in_Mexico" title="Renewable energy in Mexico">Mexico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Renewable_energy_in_the_United_States" title="Renewable energy in the United States">United States</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Oceania</th><td 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