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id="toc-Space_studies" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Space_studies"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Space studies</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Space_studies-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Carnegie_Academy_for_Science_Education_and_First_Light" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Carnegie_Academy_for_Science_Education_and_First_Light"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Carnegie Academy for Science Education and First Light</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Carnegie_Academy_for_Science_Education_and_First_Light-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Administration" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Administration"> <div 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class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav 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id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Carnegie Institution for Science</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. 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mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carnegie_Institution_for_Science" title="Carnegie Institution for Science – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Carnegie Institution for Science" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carnegie_Institution_for_Science" title="Carnegie Institution for Science – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Carnegie Institution for Science" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carnegie_Institution_for_Science" title="Carnegie Institution for Science – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Carnegie Institution for Science" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Instituto_Carnegie" title="Instituto Carnegie – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Instituto Carnegie" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Instituto_Carnegie_por_Scienco" title="Instituto Carnegie por Scienco – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Instituto Carnegie por Scienco" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D9%86%DB%8C%D8%A7%D8%AF_%DA%A9%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%86%DA%AF%DB%8C_%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%A7%DB%8C_%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%88%D9%85" title="بنیاد کارنگی برای علوم – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="بنیاد کارنگی برای علوم" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carnegie_Institution" title="Carnegie Institution – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Carnegie Institution" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%9B%8C%EC%8B%B1%ED%84%B4_%EC%B9%B4%EB%84%A4%EA%B8%B0_%EC%97%B0%EA%B5%AC%EC%86%8C" title="워싱턴 카네기 연구소 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="워싱턴 카네기 연구소" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carnegie_Institution_for_Science" title="Carnegie Institution for Science – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Carnegie Institution for Science" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9E%D7%9B%D7%95%D7%9F_%D7%A7%D7%A8%D7%A0%D7%92%D7%99_%D7%9C%D7%9E%D7%93%D7%A2" title="מכון קרנגי למדע – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="מכון קרנגי למדע" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%AB%E3%83%BC%E3%83%8D%E3%82%AE%E3%83%BC%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E6%89%80" title="カーネギー研究所 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="カーネギー研究所" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Instituto_Carnegie" title="Instituto Carnegie – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Instituto Carnegie" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%82%D1%83%D1%82_%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%B8" title="Институт Карнеги – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Институт Карнеги" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carnegie_Institution_for_Science" title="Carnegie Institution for Science – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Carnegie Institution for Science" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carnegie_Institution_of_Washington" title="Carnegie Institution of Washington – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Carnegie Institution of Washington" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carnegie_Institution_for_Science" title="Carnegie Institution for Science – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Carnegie Institution for Science" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carnegie_Institution_for_Science" title="Carnegie Institution for Science – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Carnegie Institution for Science" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%86%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%82%D1%83%D1%82_%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B3%D1%96" title="Інститут Карнегі – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Інститут Карнегі" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%86%DB%8C%DA%AF%DB%8C_%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%B3%D9%B9%DB%8C_%D9%B9%DB%8C%D9%88%D8%B4%D9%86_%D9%81%D8%A7%D8%B1_%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%A6%D9%86%D8%B3" title="کارنیگی انسٹی ٹیوشن فار سائنس – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="کارنیگی انسٹی ٹیوشن فار سائنس" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8D%A1%E5%86%85%E5%9F%BA%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%A6%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E6%89%80" title="卡内基科学研究所 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="卡内基科学研究所" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div 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Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.<br /><small><span class="plainlinks"><i>Find sources:</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22Carnegie+Institution+for+Science%22">"Carnegie Institution for Science"</a> – <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22Carnegie+Institution+for+Science%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1">news</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22Carnegie+Institution+for+Science%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks">newspapers</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22Carnegie+Institution+for+Science%22+-wikipedia">books</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Carnegie+Institution+for+Science%22">scholar</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Carnegie+Institution+for+Science%22&acc=on&wc=on">JSTOR</a></span></small></span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">January 2011</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The <b>Carnegie Institution for Science</b>, also known as <b>Carnegie Science</b> and the <b>Carnegie Institution of Washington</b>, is an organization established to fund and perform <a href="/wiki/Scientific_research" class="mw-redirect" title="Scientific research">scientific research</a> in the United States. This institution is headquartered in <a href="/wiki/Washington,_D.C." title="Washington, D.C.">Washington, D.C.</a> As of June 30, 2020<sup class="plainlinks noexcerpt noprint asof-tag update" style="display:none;"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Carnegie_Institution_for_Science&action=edit">[update]</a></sup>, the Institution's endowment was valued at $926.9 million.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2018, the expenses for <a href="/wiki/Science" title="Science">scientific</a> programs and administration were $96.6 million.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> American astrophysicist <a href="/wiki/John_Mulchaey" title="John Mulchaey">John Mulchaey</a> is the current president of the Institute.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Name">Name</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Carnegie_Institution_for_Science&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Name"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>More than 20 independent organizations were established through the philanthropy of <a href="/wiki/Andrew_Carnegie" title="Andrew Carnegie">Andrew Carnegie</a> and feature his surname. </p><p>In 2024, the "Carnegie Institution for Science" officially adopted the name "Carnegie Science", a name which has been used informally since 2007 when they first changed the name from "Carnegie Institution of Washington" to "Carnegie Institution for Science". </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Carnegie_Institution_for_Science&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Andrew_Carnegie,_three-quarter_length_portrait,_seated,_facing_slightly_left,_1913.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Andrew_Carnegie%2C_three-quarter_length_portrait%2C_seated%2C_facing_slightly_left%2C_1913.jpg/220px-Andrew_Carnegie%2C_three-quarter_length_portrait%2C_seated%2C_facing_slightly_left%2C_1913.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="256" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Andrew_Carnegie%2C_three-quarter_length_portrait%2C_seated%2C_facing_slightly_left%2C_1913.jpg/330px-Andrew_Carnegie%2C_three-quarter_length_portrait%2C_seated%2C_facing_slightly_left%2C_1913.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Andrew_Carnegie%2C_three-quarter_length_portrait%2C_seated%2C_facing_slightly_left%2C_1913.jpg/440px-Andrew_Carnegie%2C_three-quarter_length_portrait%2C_seated%2C_facing_slightly_left%2C_1913.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2574" data-file-height="3000" /></a><figcaption>Andrew Carnegie</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Vannevar_Bush_portrait.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Vannevar_Bush_portrait.jpg/220px-Vannevar_Bush_portrait.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="176" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Vannevar_Bush_portrait.jpg/330px-Vannevar_Bush_portrait.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Vannevar_Bush_portrait.jpg/440px-Vannevar_Bush_portrait.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3333" data-file-height="2667" /></a><figcaption>Vannevar Bush</figcaption></figure> <blockquote> <p>It is proposed to found in the city of Washington, an institution which ... shall in the broadest and most liberal manner encourage investigation, research, and discovery [and] show the application of knowledge to the improvement of mankind. </p><p>—<a href="/wiki/Andrew_Carnegie" title="Andrew Carnegie">Andrew Carnegie</a>, January 28, 1902<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> </blockquote> <p>When the United States joined World War II, <a href="/wiki/Vannevar_Bush" title="Vannevar Bush">Vannevar Bush</a> was president of the Carnegie Institution. Several months prior to June 12, 1940, Bush persuaded <a href="/wiki/President_of_the_United_States" title="President of the United States">President</a> <a href="/wiki/Franklin_D._Roosevelt" title="Franklin D. Roosevelt">Franklin Roosevelt</a> to create the <a href="/wiki/National_Defense_Research_Committee" title="National Defense Research Committee">National Defense Research Committee</a> (later superseded by the <a href="/wiki/Office_of_Scientific_Research_and_Development" title="Office of Scientific Research and Development">Office of Scientific Research and Development</a>) to coordinate the nation's scientific war effort. Bush housed the new agency in the Carnegie Institution's administrative headquarters at 16th and P Streets, Northwest, in <a href="/wiki/Washington,_D.C." title="Washington, D.C.">Washington, D.C.</a>, converting its rotunda and auditorium into office cubicles. From this location, Bush supervised multiple projects, including the <a href="/wiki/Manhattan_Project" title="Manhattan Project">Manhattan Project</a>. Carnegie scientists assisted with the development of the <a href="/wiki/Proximity_fuze" title="Proximity fuze">proximity fuze</a> and mass production of <a href="/wiki/Penicillin" title="Penicillin">penicillin</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Pages: 77–79">: 77–79 </span></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Research">Research</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Carnegie_Institution_for_Science&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Research"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Composed of six scientific departments on the <a href="/wiki/East_Coast_of_the_United_States" title="East Coast of the United States">East</a> and <a href="/wiki/West_Coast_of_the_United_States" title="West Coast of the United States">West Coasts</a>, the Carnegie Institution for Science focuses on six topics: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Astronomy" title="Astronomy">Astronomy</a> at the Department of Terrestrial Magnetism (Washington, D.C.) and the Observatories of the Carnegie Institution of Washington (<a href="/wiki/Pasadena,_California" title="Pasadena, California">Pasadena, California</a>, and Las Campanas, Chile)</li> <li>Earth and <a href="/wiki/Planetary_science" title="Planetary science">planetary science</a> at the Department of Terrestrial Magnetism and the Geophysical Laboratory (Washington, D.C.)</li> <li>Global <a href="/wiki/Ecology" title="Ecology">Ecology</a> at the Department of Global Ecology (<a href="/wiki/Stanford_University" title="Stanford University">Stanford</a>, California)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Genetics" title="Genetics">Genetics</a> and <a href="/wiki/Developmental_biology" title="Developmental biology">developmental biology</a> at the Department of <a href="/wiki/Embryology" title="Embryology">Embryology</a> (<a href="/wiki/Baltimore" title="Baltimore">Baltimore</a>, Maryland)</li> <li>Extreme states of matter at the <a href="/wiki/Geophysics" title="Geophysics">Geophysical</a> Laboratory</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plant_science" class="mw-redirect" title="Plant science">Plant science</a> at the Department of Plant Biology (Stanford, California)</li></ul> <p>The Archaeology Department was dissolved<sup id="cite_ref-hollisarchives/4/10935_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hollisarchives/4/10935-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Departments_on_life_studies">Departments on life studies</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Carnegie_Institution_for_Science&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Departments on life studies"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div><p> In 1920, the <a href="/wiki/Eugenics_Record_Office" title="Eugenics Record Office">Eugenics Record Office</a>, founded by <a href="/wiki/Charles_Davenport" title="Charles Davenport">Charles Davenport</a> in 1910 in <a href="/wiki/Cold_Spring_Harbor,_New_York" title="Cold Spring Harbor, New York">Cold Spring Harbor, New York</a>, was merged with the Station for Experimental Evolution to become the Carnegie Institution's Department of Genetics. The Institution funded that laboratory until 1939; it employed <a href="/wiki/Morris_Steggerda" title="Morris Steggerda">Morris Steggerda</a>, an American <a href="/wiki/Anthropologist" title="Anthropologist">anthropologist</a> who has collaborated with Davenport. The Carnegie Institution closed the department in 1944. The department's records were retained in a university library. Among its notable staff members are <a href="/wiki/Nobel_Prize" title="Nobel Prize">Nobel laureates</a> <a href="/wiki/Andrew_Fire" title="Andrew Fire">Andrew Fire</a>, <a href="/wiki/Alfred_Hershey" title="Alfred Hershey">Alfred Hershey</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Barbara_McClintock" title="Barbara McClintock">Barbara McClintock</a>.</p><figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Administration_Building_-_Carnegie_Institution_of_Washington.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Administration_Building_-_Carnegie_Institution_of_Washington.JPG/220px-Administration_Building_-_Carnegie_Institution_of_Washington.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="132" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Administration_Building_-_Carnegie_Institution_of_Washington.JPG/330px-Administration_Building_-_Carnegie_Institution_of_Washington.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Administration_Building_-_Carnegie_Institution_of_Washington.JPG/440px-Administration_Building_-_Carnegie_Institution_of_Washington.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3403" data-file-height="2048" /></a><figcaption>Former administrative headquarters of the Carnegie Institution for Science in Washington, D.C.</figcaption></figure><p>In addition to the Department of <a href="/wiki/Embryology" title="Embryology">Embryology</a>, BioEYES is located at the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Pennsylvania" title="University of Pennsylvania">University of Pennsylvania</a> in <a href="/wiki/Philadelphia" title="Philadelphia">Philadelphia, Pennsylvania</a>; <a href="/wiki/Monash_University" title="Monash University">Monash University</a> in <a href="/wiki/Melbourne" title="Melbourne">Melbourne, Australia</a>; the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Utah" title="University of Utah">University of Utah</a> in <a href="/wiki/Salt_Lake_City" title="Salt Lake City">Salt Lake City, Utah</a>; and the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Notre_Dame" title="University of Notre Dame">University of Notre Dame</a> in <a href="/wiki/South_Bend,_Indiana" title="South Bend, Indiana">South Bend, Indiana</a>. The Department of Global Ecology was established in 2002.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Department of Plant Biology began as a desert laboratory in 1903 to study plants in their natural habitats. Over time, the research evolved to the study of <a href="/wiki/Photosynthesis" title="Photosynthesis">photosynthesis</a>. The department develops <a href="/wiki/Bioinformatics" title="Bioinformatics">bioinformatics</a>. It developed the Arabidopsis Information Resource, an online database for biological information on the model plant <i><a href="/wiki/Arabidopsis_thaliana" title="Arabidopsis thaliana">Arabidopsis thaliana</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Space_studies">Space studies<span class="anchor" id="observatories"></span></h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Carnegie_Institution_for_Science&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Space studies"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Giant_Magellan_Telescope_-_artist%27s_concept.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Giant_Magellan_Telescope_-_artist%27s_concept.jpg/220px-Giant_Magellan_Telescope_-_artist%27s_concept.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="124" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Giant_Magellan_Telescope_-_artist%27s_concept.jpg/330px-Giant_Magellan_Telescope_-_artist%27s_concept.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Giant_Magellan_Telescope_-_artist%27s_concept.jpg/440px-Giant_Magellan_Telescope_-_artist%27s_concept.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2400" data-file-height="1350" /></a><figcaption>Giant Magellan Telescope, artist's rendering</figcaption></figure> <p>The Observatories were founded in 1904 as the <a href="/wiki/Mount_Wilson_Observatory" title="Mount Wilson Observatory">Mount Wilson Observatory</a>. Carnegie astronomers operate from the <a href="/wiki/Las_Campanas_Observatory" title="Las Campanas Observatory">Las Campanas Observatory</a> established in 1969. As Los Angeles encroached more on <a href="/wiki/Mount_Wilson_(California)" title="Mount Wilson (California)">Mount Wilson</a>, day-to-day operations there were transferred to the Mount Wilson Institute in 1986. The newest additions at Las Campanas was a twin 6.5-meter reflectors.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2020, the Department of Terrestrial Magnetism and Geophysical Lab merged to become the Earth and Planets Laboratory. The new department is still located on the organization's Broad Branch Road campus. <a href="/wiki/John_Mulchaey" title="John Mulchaey">John Mulchaey</a>, an American <a href="/wiki/Astrophysicist" class="mw-redirect" title="Astrophysicist">astrophysicist</a>, is the chair and director of the Carnegie Observatories.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2020, the Geophysical Lab and Department of Terrestrial Magnetism merged to become the Earth and Planets Laboratory. The new department is still located on the organization's Broad Branch Road campus. The Laboratory is a member of the <a href="/wiki/NASA_Astrobiology_Institute" title="NASA Astrobiology Institute">NASA Astrobiology Institute</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Department of Terrestrial Magnetism was founded in 1904. They use two ships for <a href="/wiki/Magnetism" title="Magnetism">magnetic observations</a>: the <i><a href="/wiki/Galilee_(ship)" title="Galilee (ship)">Galilee</a></i> was chartered in 1905, but it was unsuitable; later, <i><a href="/wiki/Carnegie_(yacht)" title="Carnegie (yacht)">Carnegie</a></i> was built in 1909 and completed seven cruises to measure the <a href="/wiki/Earth%27s_magnetic_field" title="Earth's magnetic field">Earth's magnetic field</a> before it suffered an explosion and burned.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Pages: 133–136">: 133–136 </span></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Carnegie_Academy_for_Science_Education_and_First_Light">Carnegie Academy for Science Education and First Light</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Carnegie_Institution_for_Science&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Carnegie Academy for Science Education and First Light"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1989, Carnegie President <a href="/wiki/Maxine_Singer" title="Maxine Singer">Maxine Singer</a> founded Carnegie Academy for Science Education and First Light (CASE), a free Saturday science program for middle school students. The program teaches <a href="/wiki/Experiential_learning" title="Experiential learning">hands-on learning</a> in science. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Administration">Administration</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Carnegie_Institution_for_Science&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Administration"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Administration_Building,_Carnegie_Institution_of_Washington" title="Administration Building, Carnegie Institution of Washington">The Carnegie Institution's administrative offices</a> were located at 1530 P St., Northwest, Washington, D.C., at the corner of 16th and P Streets until 2020. The building housed the offices of the president, administration and finance, publications, and advancement. In 2020, the administrative building was sold to the government of <a href="/wiki/Qatar" title="Qatar">Qatar</a> to be used as its embassy.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Partnerships">Partnerships</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Carnegie_Institution_for_Science&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Partnerships"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Carnegie Science and <a href="/wiki/Caltech" class="mw-redirect" title="Caltech">Caltech</a> formalized a partnership in <a href="/wiki/Pasadena,_California" title="Pasadena, California">Pasadena</a>; they relocated the departments of Plant Biology, Global Ecology, and Embryology there. As part of the relocation, Carnegie also plans to construct a new research facility on property purchased from the Institute and near the Caltech campus.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Carnegie Institution partnered with several other organizations in constructing the <a href="/wiki/Giant_Magellan_Telescope" title="Giant Magellan Telescope">Giant Magellan Telescope</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Presidents">Presidents</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Carnegie_Institution_for_Science&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Presidents"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Daniel_Coit_Gilman" title="Daniel Coit Gilman">Daniel Coit Gilman</a> (1902–1904)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_S._Woodward" class="mw-redirect" title="Robert S. Woodward">Robert S. Woodward</a> (1904–1920)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_C._Merriam" class="mw-redirect" title="John C. Merriam">John C. Merriam</a> (1921–1938)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vannevar_Bush" title="Vannevar Bush">Vannevar Bush</a> (1939–1955)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caryl_Parker_Haskins" title="Caryl Parker Haskins">Caryl P. Haskins</a> (1956–1971)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philip_Abelson" title="Philip Abelson">Philip Abelson</a> (1971–1978)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_D._Ebert" title="James D. Ebert">James D. Ebert</a> (1978–1987)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_E._David,_Jr." class="mw-redirect" title="Edward E. David, Jr.">Edward E. David, Jr.</a> (Acting President, 1987–1988)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maxine_F._Singer" class="mw-redirect" title="Maxine F. Singer">Maxine F. Singer</a> (1989–2002)</li> <li>Michael E. Gellert (Acting President, January – April 2003)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Meserve" title="Richard Meserve">Richard Meserve</a> (April 2003 – September 2014)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matthew_P._Scott" title="Matthew P. Scott">Matthew P. Scott</a> (September 1, 2014 – December 31, 2017)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Mulchaey" title="John Mulchaey">John Mulchaey</a> and Yixian Zheng (Interim Co-Presidents, January 1, 2018 – June 30, 2018)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eric_Isaacs" title="Eric Isaacs">Eric D. Isaacs</a> (July 2, 2018 – 2024)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Mulchaey" title="John Mulchaey">John Mulchaey</a> (2024 – present)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Carnegie_Institution_for_Science&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kurt_Adelberger" title="Kurt Adelberger">Kurt Adelberger</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Carnegie_Institution_for_Science&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">As of June 30, 2020. <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation report cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nacubo.org/-/media/Documents/Research/2020-NTSE-Public-Tables--Endowment-Market-Values--FINAL-FEBRUARY-19-2021.ashx">U.S. and Canadian Institutions Listed by Fiscal Year 2020 Endowment Market Value and Change in Endowment Market Value from FY19 to FY20</a> (Report). National Association of College and University Business Officers and <a href="/wiki/TIAA" title="TIAA">TIAA</a>. February 19, 2021. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240915233431/https://www.nacubo.org/-/media/Documents/Research/2020-NTSE-Public-Tables--Endowment-Market-Values--FINAL-FEBRUARY-19-2021.ashx">Archived</a> from the original on September 15, 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 20,</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=report&rft.btitle=U.S.+and+Canadian+Institutions+Listed+by+Fiscal+Year+2020+Endowment+Market+Value+and+Change+in+Endowment+Market+Value+from+FY19+to+FY20&rft.pub=National+Association+of+College+and+University+Business+Officers+and+TIAA&rft.date=2021-02-19&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nacubo.org%2F-%2Fmedia%2FDocuments%2FResearch%2F2020-NTSE-Public-Tables--Endowment-Market-Values--FINAL-FEBRUARY-19-2021.ashx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACarnegie+Institution+for+Science" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210204131855/https://carnegiescience.edu/sites/default/files/flipbook/yearbook_2018/?page=68">"Flipbook"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://carnegiescience.edu/sites/default/files/flipbook/yearbook_2018/?page=68">the original</a> on February 4, 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 28,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Flipbook&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcarnegiescience.edu%2Fsites%2Fdefault%2Ffiles%2Fflipbook%2Fyearbook_2018%2F%3Fpage%3D68&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACarnegie+Institution+for+Science" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://carnegiescience.edu/about/leadership">"Our Leadership"</a>. <i>carnegiescience.edu</i>. November 22, 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 16,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=carnegiescience.edu&rft.atitle=Our+Leadership&rft.date=2024-11-22&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcarnegiescience.edu%2Fabout%2Fleadership&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACarnegie+Institution+for+Science" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMayo1902" class="citation book cs1">Mayo, Caswell A. (1902). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=VNEAAAAAYAAJ"><i>American Druggist and Pharmaceutical Record, Vol. 40</i></a>. American Druggist Publishing Co. p. 2. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780266728825" title="Special:BookSources/9780266728825"><bdi>9780266728825</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=American+Druggist+and+Pharmaceutical+Record%2C+Vol.+40&rft.pages=2&rft.pub=American+Druggist+Publishing+Co.&rft.date=1902&rft.isbn=9780266728825&rft.aulast=Mayo&rft.aufirst=Caswell+A.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DVNEAAAAAYAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACarnegie+Institution+for+Science" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTrefilHazenTrefil2002" class="citation book cs1">Trefil, James; Hazen, Margaret Hindle; Trefil, James S. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 9,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Carnegie+Institution+for+Science&rft.atitle=John+Mulchaey+%E2%80%93+Director&rft.date=2014-11-10&rft.aulast=Science&rft.aufirst=Carnegie&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcarnegiescience.edu%2Fscientist%2Fjohn-mulchaey&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACarnegie+Institution+for+Science" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://astrobiology.nasa.gov/nai/teams/can-3/index.html">"Carnegie Institution of Washington. NAI Can 3 Teams"</a>. <i>NASA Astrobiology Institute</i>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 3,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=NASA+Astrobiology+Institute&rft.atitle=Carnegie+Institution+of+Washington.+NAI+Can+3+Teams.&rft.date=2020-06-05&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fastrobiology.nasa.gov%2Fnai%2Fteams%2Fcan-3%2Findex.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACarnegie+Institution+for+Science" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWadman2021" class="citation web cs1">Wadman, Meredith (April 16, 2021). <span class="id-lock-subscription" title="Paid subscription required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.science.org/content/article/uproar-over-sale-iconic-carnegie-institution-headquarters-qatar-exposes-deeper-tensions">"Uproar over sale of iconic Carnegie institution headquarters to Qatar exposes deeper tensions"</a></span>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230525173652/https://www.science.org/content/article/uproar-over-sale-iconic-carnegie-institution-headquarters-qatar-exposes-deeper-tensions">Archived</a> from the original on May 25, 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Uproar+over+sale+of+iconic+Carnegie+institution+headquarters+to+Qatar+exposes+deeper+tensions&rft.date=2021-04-16&rft.aulast=Wadman&rft.aufirst=Meredith&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.science.org%2Fcontent%2Farticle%2Fuproar-over-sale-iconic-carnegie-institution-headquarters-qatar-exposes-deeper-tensions&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACarnegie+Institution+for+Science" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.caltech.edu/about/news/caltech-and-carnegie-science-announce-partnership">"Caltech and Carnegie Science Announce Partnership to Advance Life, Environmental Sciences Research"</a>. <i>California Institute of Technology</i>. 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