Egypt | Country Page | World | Human Rights Watch

<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en" dir="ltr" prefix="og: https://ogp.me/ns#"> <head> <meta charset="utf-8" /> <script>window['sa_metadata'] = {"title":"Egypt","langcode":"en","taxonomy_term_id":"9635","entity_type":"taxonomy_term","taxonomy_term_type":"region_country"};</script> <script async defer src="/libraries/custom/simpleanalytics.js"></script> <script src="/modules/custom/hrw_consent/js/hrwconsent.js?v=1.7"></script> <script> HrwConsent = new HrwConsent; HrwConsentSettings.domain = 'hrw.org'; HrwConsentSettings.expires = 365; </script> <meta name="description" content="President al-Sisi’s government has not eased its nationwide repression that caused one of Egypt’s worst human rights crises in many decades. Whitewashing efforts meant little beyond cosmetic changes. Authorities released hundreds of detainees but arrested much more, adding to the thousands of critics, including journalists, peaceful activists, and human rights defenders, who remain imprisoned. Civil society key members face intimidation, travel bans, and assets freeze. Authorities harass and detain relatives of dissidents abroad and use vague “morality” charges to prosecute LGBT people, female social media influencers, and survivors of sexual violence. 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href="/americas/dominican-republic">Dominican Republic</a> </div> <div class="mobile_menu_item" data-component-id="hrw_components:mobile_menu_tree"> <a href="/americas/ecuador">Ecuador</a> </div> <div class="mobile_menu_item" data-component-id="hrw_components:mobile_menu_tree"> <a href="/americas/el-salvador">El Salvador</a> </div> <div class="mobile_menu_item" data-component-id="hrw_components:mobile_menu_tree"> <a href="/americas/guatemala">Guatemala</a> </div> <div class="mobile_menu_item" data-component-id="hrw_components:mobile_menu_tree"> <a href="/americas/haiti">Haiti</a> </div> <div class="mobile_menu_item" data-component-id="hrw_components:mobile_menu_tree"> <a href="/americas/honduras">Honduras</a> </div> <div class="mobile_menu_item" data-component-id="hrw_components:mobile_menu_tree"> <a href="/americas/jamaica">Jamaica</a> </div> <div class="mobile_menu_item" data-component-id="hrw_components:mobile_menu_tree"> <a href="/americas/mexico">Mexico</a> </div> <div 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mobile_menu_item__button" > Europe/Central Asia <svg width="24" height="24" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <path d="M12 16.4501L4 10.2508L6.31511 7.5498L12 11.8713L17.6334 7.5498L20 10.2508L12 16.4501Z" fill="#0071CE"/> </svg> </button> <div class="mobile_menu_submenu" data-component-id="hrw_components:mobile_menu_tree" id="taxonomy_menu.menu_link:taxonomy_menu.menu_link.region.9453"> <div class="mobile_menu_item" data-component-id="hrw_components:mobile_menu_tree"> <a href="/europe/central-asia">All Europe/Central Asia</a> </div> <div class="mobile_menu_item" data-component-id="hrw_components:mobile_menu_tree"> <a href="/europe/central-asia/albania">Albania</a> </div> <div class="mobile_menu_item" data-component-id="hrw_components:mobile_menu_tree"> <a href="/europe/central-asia/armenia">Armenia</a> </div> <div class="mobile_menu_item" data-component-id="hrw_components:mobile_menu_tree"> <a href="/europe/central-asia/azerbaijan">Azerbaijan</a> 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Whitewashing efforts meant little beyond cosmetic changes. Authorities released hundreds of detainees but arrested much more, adding to the thousands of critics, including journalists, peaceful activists, and human rights defenders, who remain imprisoned. Civil society key members face intimidation, travel bans, and assets freeze. Authorities harass and detain relatives of dissidents abroad and use vague “morality” charges to prosecute LGBT people, female social media influencers, and survivors of sexual violence. Grave crimes, including torture and enforced disappearances, are committed with impunity.</p> </div> </div> </div> <div class="billboard-country__image lg:w-2/5 flex mx-auto md:flex-row bg-gray-200"> <div class="lg:block h-full w-full flex justify-center items-start md:items-stretch"> <img src="/sites/default/files/styles/country/public/media_2020/05/202005egypt_countrypage_map.jpg?h=827069f2&itok=vEZVLLAu" alt="Egypt country page map" loading="lazy" class="billboard-country__image-inner md:object-cover" width="800" height="600" /> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="mb-16"> <div class="content-cards-block"> <div class="container-large max-w-lg mx-auto "> <div class="container-full max-w-full bg-gray-900"> <div class="container-small mx-auto px-6 lg:px-8 x2l:px-4"> <ul class="grid-3-up-content py-6 max-w-sm mx-auto flex flex-wrap justify-between"> <li class="grid-item"> <div class="card flex-col"> <span class="card__location font-sans uppercase text-xs mb-3">Education</span> <figure class="card__image relative overflow-hidden mb-6 aspect-w-16 aspect-h-9"> <img src="/sites/default/files/styles/16x9_large/public/media_2024/11/202411mena_egypt_sudanese_school.JPG?h=ca5a36bb&itok=zyeuKBxX" alt="Sudanese students attend a class at a school teaching Sudanese curriculum, in Giza, Egypt, September 23, 2024. 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autoplay; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture" allowfullscreen ></iframe> </div> <details class="video__transcript bg-gray-100 font-sans text-base p-2"> <summary>Read a text description of this video</summary> <div class="m-4"> <div data-field="field-video-transcript"><p>Ahmed Alaa<br> It was October 1st, 2017, my 21st birthday.</p> <p>I was sitting in the car waiting for a friend of mine when ten men came out of the blue and started hitting the car and hitting me on the shoulder, asking for my ID, without even identifying themselves.</p> <p>Ten days earlier, I had raised the rainbow flag at a Mashrou’ Leila concert.</p> <p>The band speaks mainly about the oppression of LGBT people in the Middle East and its lead singer, Hamed Sinno, is openly gay.</p> <p>My friend Sara Hegazy was also there and was one of those who raised the rainbow flag.</p> <p>The idea of raising rainbow flags in the Cairo sky in front of 35,000 people without any fear, is maybe the greatest thing I can think of.</p> <p>After that, the Egyptian government launched the biggest crackdown on the LGBT community.</p> <p>It resulted in the arrest of 75 LGBT people from their homes and through dating apps.</p> <p>I was interrogated 3 different times in the building of the National Security.</p> <p>They asked me questions like, “Are you a faggot?”</p> <p>“Are you a communist, are you one of the revolutionary socialists?”</p> <p>Homosexuality is not explicitly criminalized in Egyptian law, but I was accused of joining banned groups and promoting debauchery.</p> <p>I spent almost 80 days in solitary confinement.</p> <p>Solitary confinement cells were underground. There was nothing in the cell, no ventilation, no light, no bed.</p> <p>They brought me a dirty blanket, to glasses of tap water, and some dirty bread.</p> <p>They closed the cell door, and I cried until I slept, wishing I wouldn’t wake up the next day.</p> <p>I was verbally harassed and humiliated by the officers. One officer sexually harassed me, and one day, [the officers] pinned me down and shaved my head.</p> <p>The officers told the other inmates that I was accused in the Mashrou’ Leila case, and that I’m the gay one in solitary confinement. So, I started to receive threats of rape.</p> <p>I met Sara during the State Security prosecution. They handcuffed us together. Sara said to me, “I want to hold your hand.”</p> <p>We sat on the ground and sang the Mashrou’ Leila song “Wa Nueid.” It was the only song that I know by heart, and it was proper for the situation.</p> <p>After 3 months, the lawyers appealed the prison sentence I was released with Sara on bail of a thousand pounds each.</p> <p>The case is remains open. I cannot return to Egypt, because if I did, I would be arrested again in the airport.</p> <p>In May 2018, I left Egypt and traveled to Canada where I met Sara when I arrived at the airport.</p> <p>She took care of me as if I was her son. She helped me settle in, and with my asylum procedure. She helped me find a place to live, introduced me to people.</p> <p>But the trauma from our experience continued to weigh heavily on Sara.</p> <p>In June 2020, Sara decided to end her life.</p> <p>Finally, I say to the Egyptian government that I will continue to raise the rainbow flag, I will continue to speak up for the rights of LGBT people and for the oppressed and those who have no voice, so that Sara’s memory and struggle is honored the way it should be</p> <p> </p> <p>[Text on screen]<br> The Egyptian government should end the persecution of LGBT people immediately.</p> <p>LGBT People in Egypt should be allowed to express themselves and be free from punishment for doing so.</p></div> </div> </details> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="tabs-vertical__main-item hidden" id="tabs-main--1193447281-3" role="tabpanel" aria-expanded="false" aria-labelledby="tabs-tab--1193447281-3" aria-hidden="true" > <div class="video__embeddable video--orientation--landscape"> <div > <div > <div class="video overflow-hidden"> <div class="video__frame relative h-0 pb-video"> <div class="video__image js-video-hide-on-play absolute z-10 w-full h-full m-auto"> <div data-field="field-media-image"> <img srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/16x9_medium/public/multimedia_images_2019/201905mena_egypt_photo1.jpg?itok=bXmMI387 500w, /sites/default/files/styles/16x9_large/public/multimedia_images_2019/201905mena_egypt_photo1.jpg?itok=T4j_bFX0 700w, /sites/default/files/styles/16x9_xlarge/public/multimedia_images_2019/201905mena_egypt_photo1.jpg?itok=qxu7yyYY 1000w, /sites/default/files/styles/16x9_xxl/public/multimedia_images_2019/201905mena_egypt_photo1.jpg?itok=YfCqePs5 1400w, /sites/default/files/styles/16x9_3xl/public/multimedia_images_2019/201905mena_egypt_photo1.jpg?itok=JtUQCcJ0 1920w" sizes="(max-width: 524px) 500px, (max-width: 768px) 700px, (max-width: 1024px) 1000px, (max-width: 1440px) 1400px, 100vw" width="700" height="393" data-responsive-image-style="16x9" src="/sites/default/files/styles/16x9_large/public/multimedia_images_2019/201905mena_egypt_photo1.jpg?itok=T4j_bFX0" alt="Picture taken from the video, “The armed forces continue to raid terrorists’ strongholds in Rafah, Sheikh Zuwayed and al-Arish,” on the Army Spokesman Official Facebook Page and published September 8, 2015." loading="lazy" /> </div> </div> <button class="video__icon js-video-hide-on-play cursor-pointer absolute h-16 w-16 video-position block z-20" aria-label="click to play video"> <div class="icon fill-current w-full inline-block"> <svg viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="currentColor" role="img" focusable="false" aria-hidden="true" > <title>Play Video</title> <use xlink:href="/themes/custom/hrw_design/dist/app-drupal/assets/spritemap.svg?cacheBuster=240611#sprite-play"></use> </svg> </div> </button> <iframe class="video__iframe bg-black w-full h-full absolute" title="Egypt: War Crimes in North Sinai" data-src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/vhiMlQTmU30?rel=0;&autoplay=1;&enablejsapi=1" allow="accelerometer; 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href="/news/2023/07/18/middle-east-and-north-africa-end-curbs-womens-mobility"><span>Middle East and North Africa: End Curbs on Women’s Mobility</span> </a> </h3> <p class="media-block__subtitle text-gray-700 text-sm">Male Guardianship Rules Hamper Travel, Other Movement</p> </div> <div class="media-block__image relative flex-none mr-4 w-24"> <div class="media-block__image-wrapper relative"> <img src="/sites/default/files/styles/square/public/media_2023/07/202307mena_wrd_palestine_guardianship_protest.jpg?h=c254337f&itok=Qm6smNSo" alt="Women hold signs in Arabic during a protest " loading="lazy" class="w-24 unloaded" width="374" height="374" /> </div> <a href="/news/2023/07/18/middle-east-and-north-africa-end-curbs-womens-mobility" class="hrw-fill" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> </div> </article> </li> <li class="media-list__item py-4 w-full md:pr-4 md:w-1/2"> <article class="media-block flex w-full flex-row-reverse justify-end "> <div class="media-block__content"> <div class="media-block__info text-sm text-gray-700"> <span class="media-block__date">May 17, 2023</span> <span class="media-block__tag separator-bar font-serif"> Report </span> </div> <h3 class="media-block__title text-gray-800 media-block__link-gray text-lg font-medium mt-1"> <a href="/news/2023/05/17/egypt-women-abused-over-alleged-isis-ties"><span>Egypt: Women Abused Over Alleged ISIS Ties</span> </a> </h3> <p class="media-block__subtitle text-gray-700 text-sm">Torture, Incommunicado Detention, Flawed Due Process</p> </div> <div class="media-block__image relative flex-none mr-4 w-24"> <div class="media-block__image-wrapper relative"> <img src="/sites/default/files/styles/square/public/media_2023/05/202305mena_egypt_sinai_women_children_detained.jpeg?h=29ae1df2&itok=fASD8p3M" alt="A photo published by a pro-army militia Facebook page, Uswod Al-karama, (which was later deleted) showing a group of women and children, whom the group described as the wives and children of men of the Islamic State affiliate, being arrested by the Egyptian army near al-Moqat’a area south of Sheikh Zuwayed in North Sinai, Egypt." loading="lazy" class="w-24 unloaded" width="374" height="374" /> </div> <a href="/news/2023/05/17/egypt-women-abused-over-alleged-isis-ties" class="hrw-fill" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> </div> </article> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div class="term-listing-filtered"> <div class="block-header flex justify-between items-baseline pb-3 border-b border-gray-200 "> <h2 class="block-header__title font-sans news__title text-3xl font-bold leading-tight text-gray-800"> News </h2> </div> <div class="views-element-container form-group mx-sm-3"><div class="js-view-dom-id-7b876437297ab45064f8aa4789e1133f3d1e9c698364b28b35d0c7799b70f03e"> </div> </div> <div class="media-list mx-auto flex flex-col"> <div class="media-list__content"> <ul class="media-list__list flex flex-wrap flex-col"> <li class="media-list__item py-4 border-t border-gray-200 first:border-0"> <article class="media-block flex w-full flex-row-reverse justify-end "> <div class="media-block__content"> <div class="media-block__info text-sm text-gray-700"> <span class="media-block__date">October 2, 2024</span> <span class="media-block__tag separator-bar font-serif"> Background Briefing </span> </div> <h3 class="media-block__title text-gray-800 media-block__link-gray text-lg font-medium mt-1"> <a href="/news/2024/10/02/review-egypts-draft-criminal-procedure-code"><span>Review of Egypt’s Draft Criminal Procedure Code </span> </a> </h3> </div> <div class="media-block__image relative flex-none mr-4 w-24"> <div class="media-block__image-wrapper relative"> <img src="/sites/default/files/styles/square/public/media_2024/10/202410mena_egypt_draftcpc.jpg?h=16da6f4f&itok=EjhZ-gxr" alt="Egyptian security officers guard a courthouse as prominent Egyptian rights lawyer lawyer Khaled Ali, arrives for a hearing, in Cairo, Egypt, November 8, 2017. 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" loading="lazy" class="w-24 unloaded" width="374" height="374" /> </div> <a href="/news/2024/06/28/sisi-governments-repression-taints-egypt-eu-investment-conference" class="hrw-fill" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> </div> </article> </li> <li class="media-list__item py-4 border-t border-gray-200 first:border-0"> <article class="media-block flex w-full flex-row-reverse justify-end "> <div class="media-block__content"> <div class="media-block__info text-sm text-gray-700"> <span class="media-block__date">June 13, 2024</span> <span class="media-block__tag separator-bar font-serif"> Letter </span> </div> <h3 class="media-block__title text-gray-800 media-block__link-gray text-lg font-medium mt-1"> <a href="/news/2024/06/13/joint-ngo-letter-eus-macro-financial-assistance-egypt-and-human-rights"><span>Joint NGO letter on the EU’s macro-financial assistance to Egypt and human rights</span> </a> </h3> </div> </article> </li> <li class="media-list__item py-4 border-t border-gray-200 first:border-0"> <article class="media-block flex w-full flex-row-reverse justify-end "> <div class="media-block__content"> <div class="media-block__info text-sm text-gray-700"> <span class="media-block__date">June 4, 2024</span> <span class="media-block__tag separator-bar font-serif"> News Release </span> </div> <h3 class="media-block__title text-gray-800 media-block__link-gray text-lg font-medium mt-1"> <a href="/news/2024/06/04/egypt-opposition-leader-imprisoned"><span>Egypt: Opposition Leader Imprisoned </span> </a> </h3> <p class="media-block__subtitle text-gray-700 text-sm">No Tolerance for Challenging President Sisi</p> </div> <div class="media-block__image relative flex-none mr-4 w-24"> <div class="media-block__image-wrapper relative"> <img src="/sites/default/files/styles/square/public/media_2023/05/202305mena_egypt_ahmed_tantawy.jpeg?h=b50b10bc&itok=LEEg3qyb" alt="Ahmed Tantawy" loading="lazy" class="w-24 unloaded" width="374" height="374" /> </div> <a href="/news/2024/06/04/egypt-opposition-leader-imprisoned" class="hrw-fill" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> </div> </article> </li> <li class="media-list__item py-4 border-t border-gray-200 first:border-0"> <article class="media-block flex w-full flex-row-reverse justify-end "> <div class="media-block__content"> <div class="media-block__info text-sm text-gray-700"> <span class="media-block__date">April 1, 2024</span> <span class="media-block__tag separator-bar font-serif"> Commentary </span> </div> <h3 class="media-block__title text-gray-800 media-block__link-gray text-lg font-medium mt-1"> <a href="/news/2024/04/01/no-exit-gaza"><span>No Exit in Gaza</span> </a> </h3> <p class="media-block__subtitle text-gray-700 text-sm">Left With No Other Options, Residents Should Have a Right to Flee</p> </div> <div class="media-block__image relative flex-none mr-4 w-24"> <div class="media-block__image-wrapper relative"> <img src="/sites/default/files/styles/square/public/media_2023/12/202312mena_palestine_gaza_khan_yunis.jpg?h=1fc54d43&itok=0CnA4-x7" alt="A man cooks inside his damaged apartment in the Khezaa district in Khan Yunis, Gaza, November 25, 2023. " loading="lazy" class="w-24 unloaded" width="374" height="374" /> </div> <a href="/news/2024/04/01/no-exit-gaza" class="hrw-fill" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> </div> </article> </li> <li class="media-list__item py-4 border-t border-gray-200 first:border-0"> <article class="media-block flex w-full flex-row-reverse justify-end "> <div class="media-block__content"> <div class="media-block__info text-sm text-gray-700"> <span class="media-block__date">March 15, 2024</span> <span class="media-block__tag separator-bar font-serif"> Dispatches </span> </div> <h3 class="media-block__title text-gray-800 media-block__link-gray text-lg font-medium mt-1"> <a href="/news/2024/03/15/eu-deal-egypt-rewards-authoritarianism-betrays-eu-values"><span>EU Deal with Egypt Rewards Authoritarianism, Betrays “EU Values”</span> </a> </h3> <p class="media-block__subtitle text-gray-700 text-sm">Migration Control Obsession Ignores Abuses, Entrenches Oppression</p> </div> <div class="media-block__image relative flex-none mr-4 w-24"> <div class="media-block__image-wrapper relative"> <img src="/sites/default/files/styles/square/public/media_2023/12/202206egypt_DG%20NEAR_VDL_0.jpg?h=def3cf70&itok=fBtyBi-w" alt=" Click to expand Image © 2022 Directorate-General for Neighbourhood and Enlargement Negotiations." loading="lazy" class="w-24 unloaded" width="374" height="374" /> </div> <a href="/news/2024/03/15/eu-deal-egypt-rewards-authoritarianism-betrays-eu-values" class="hrw-fill" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> </div> </article> </li> <li class="media-list__item py-4 border-t border-gray-200 first:border-0"> <article class="media-block flex w-full flex-row-reverse justify-end "> <div class="media-block__content"> <div class="media-block__info text-sm text-gray-700"> <span class="media-block__date">March 13, 2024</span> <span class="media-block__tag separator-bar font-serif"> News Release </span> </div> <h3 class="media-block__title text-gray-800 media-block__link-gray text-lg font-medium mt-1"> <a href="/news/2024/03/13/egypt-questionable-amnesty-deals-isis-members"><span>Egypt: Questionable Amnesty Deals for ISIS Members</span> </a> </h3> <p class="media-block__subtitle text-gray-700 text-sm">Risk of Impunity for Grave Human Rights Abuses</p> </div> <div class="media-block__image relative flex-none mr-4 w-24"> <div class="media-block__image-wrapper relative"> <img src="/sites/default/files/styles/square/public/multimedia_images_2019/201905mena_egypt_main.jpeg?itok=jsvtnpWD" alt="Egyptian army tanks and armored vehicles in Rafah in North Sinai sometime in 2018. The army has demolished thousands of homes in the city that borders Israel and Gaza, forcibly evicting almost the entire population. 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