CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en-US"> <head > <meta charset="UTF-8" /> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1" /> <title>Business in service of beauty | The Artful Manager</title> <meta name='robots' content='max-image-preview:large' /> <style>img:is([sizes="auto" i], [sizes^="auto," i]) { contain-intrinsic-size: 3000px 1500px }</style> <link rel='dns-prefetch' href='//fonts.googleapis.com' /> <link rel="alternate" type="application/rss+xml" title="The Artful Manager » Feed" href="http://feeds.feedburner.com/artsjournal/VaOO" /> <link rel="alternate" type="application/rss+xml" title="The Artful Manager » Comments Feed" href="https://www.artsjournal.com/artfulmanager/comments/feed" /> <link rel="alternate" type="application/rss+xml" title="The Artful Manager » Business in service of beauty Comments Feed" href="https://www.artsjournal.com/artfulmanager/main/business-in-service-of-beauty.php/feed" /> <link rel="canonical" href="https://www.artsjournal.com/artfulmanager/main/business-in-service-of-beauty.php" /> <script type="text/javascript"> /* <![CDATA[ */ window._wpemojiSettings = {"baseUrl":"https:\/\/s.w.org\/images\/core\/emoji\/15.0.3\/72x72\/","ext":".png","svgUrl":"https:\/\/s.w.org\/images\/core\/emoji\/15.0.3\/svg\/","svgExt":".svg","source":{"concatemoji":"https:\/\/www.artsjournal.com\/artfulmanager\/wp\/wp-includes\/js\/wp-emoji-release.min.js?ver=6.7.1"}}; /*! This file is auto-generated */ !function(i,n){var o,s,e;function c(e){try{var t={supportTests:e,timestamp:(new Date).valueOf()};sessionStorage.setItem(o,JSON.stringify(t))}catch(e){}}function p(e,t,n){e.clearRect(0,0,e.canvas.width,e.canvas.height),e.fillText(t,0,0);var t=new Uint32Array(e.getImageData(0,0,e.canvas.width,e.canvas.height).data),r=(e.clearRect(0,0,e.canvas.width,e.canvas.height),e.fillText(n,0,0),new Uint32Array(e.getImageData(0,0,e.canvas.width,e.canvas.height).data));return t.every(function(e,t){return e===r[t]})}function u(e,t,n){switch(t){case"flag":return n(e,"\ud83c\udff3\ufe0f\u200d\u26a7\ufe0f","\ud83c\udff3\ufe0f\u200b\u26a7\ufe0f")?!1:!n(e,"\ud83c\uddfa\ud83c\uddf3","\ud83c\uddfa\u200b\ud83c\uddf3")&&!n(e,"\ud83c\udff4\udb40\udc67\udb40\udc62\udb40\udc65\udb40\udc6e\udb40\udc67\udb40\udc7f","\ud83c\udff4\u200b\udb40\udc67\u200b\udb40\udc62\u200b\udb40\udc65\u200b\udb40\udc6e\u200b\udb40\udc67\u200b\udb40\udc7f");case"emoji":return!n(e,"\ud83d\udc26\u200d\u2b1b","\ud83d\udc26\u200b\u2b1b")}return!1}function f(e,t,n){var r="undefined"!=typeof WorkerGlobalScope&&self instanceof WorkerGlobalScope?new OffscreenCanvas(300,150):i.createElement("canvas"),a=r.getContext("2d",{willReadFrequently:!0}),o=(a.textBaseline="top",a.font="600 32px Arial",{});return e.forEach(function(e){o[e]=t(a,e,n)}),o}function t(e){var t=i.createElement("script");t.src=e,t.defer=!0,i.head.appendChild(t)}"undefined"!=typeof Promise&&(o="wpEmojiSettingsSupports",s=["flag","emoji"],n.supports={everything:!0,everythingExceptFlag:!0},e=new Promise(function(e){i.addEventListener("DOMContentLoaded",e,{once:!0})}),new Promise(function(t){var n=function(){try{var e=JSON.parse(sessionStorage.getItem(o));if("object"==typeof e&&"number"==typeof e.timestamp&&(new Date).valueOf()<e.timestamp+604800&&"object"==typeof e.supportTests)return e.supportTests}catch(e){}return null}();if(!n){if("undefined"!=typeof Worker&&"undefined"!=typeof OffscreenCanvas&&"undefined"!=typeof URL&&URL.createObjectURL&&"undefined"!=typeof Blob)try{var e="postMessage("+f.toString()+"("+[JSON.stringify(s),u.toString(),p.toString()].join(",")+"));",r=new Blob([e],{type:"text/javascript"}),a=new Worker(URL.createObjectURL(r),{name:"wpTestEmojiSupports"});return void(a.onmessage=function(e){c(n=e.data),a.terminate(),t(n)})}catch(e){}c(n=f(s,u,p))}t(n)}).then(function(e){for(var t in e)n.supports[t]=e[t],n.supports.everything=n.supports.everything&&n.supports[t],"flag"!==t&&(n.supports.everythingExceptFlag=n.supports.everythingExceptFlag&&n.supports[t]);n.supports.everythingExceptFlag=n.supports.everythingExceptFlag&&!n.supports.flag,n.DOMReady=!1,n.readyCallback=function(){n.DOMReady=!0}}).then(function(){return e}).then(function(){var e;n.supports.everything||(n.readyCallback(),(e=n.source||{}).concatemoji?t(e.concatemoji):e.wpemoji&&e.twemoji&&(t(e.twemoji),t(e.wpemoji)))}))}((window,document),window._wpemojiSettings); /* ]]> */ </script> <link rel='stylesheet' id='magazine-pro-theme-css' href='https://www.artsjournal.com/artfulmanager/wp/wp-content/themes/magazine-pro/style.css?ver=3.0' type='text/css' media='all' /> <style id='wp-emoji-styles-inline-css' type='text/css'> img.wp-smiley, img.emoji { display: inline !important; border: none !important; box-shadow: none !important; height: 1em !important; width: 1em !important; margin: 0 0.07em !important; vertical-align: -0.1em !important; background: none !important; padding: 0 !important; } </style> <link rel='stylesheet' id='wp-block-library-css' href='https://www.artsjournal.com/artfulmanager/wp/wp-includes/css/dist/block-library/style.min.css?ver=6.7.1' type='text/css' media='all' /> <style id='classic-theme-styles-inline-css' type='text/css'> /*! This file is auto-generated */ .wp-block-button__link{color:#fff;background-color:#32373c;border-radius:9999px;box-shadow:none;text-decoration:none;padding:calc(.667em + 2px) calc(1.333em + 2px);font-size:1.125em}.wp-block-file__button{background:#32373c;color:#fff;text-decoration:none} </style> <style id='global-styles-inline-css' type='text/css'> :root{--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--square: 1;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--4-3: 4/3;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--3-4: 3/4;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--3-2: 3/2;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--2-3: 2/3;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--16-9: 16/9;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--9-16: 9/16;--wp--preset--color--black: #000000;--wp--preset--color--cyan-bluish-gray: #abb8c3;--wp--preset--color--white: #ffffff;--wp--preset--color--pale-pink: #f78da7;--wp--preset--color--vivid-red: #cf2e2e;--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-orange: #ff6900;--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-amber: #fcb900;--wp--preset--color--light-green-cyan: #7bdcb5;--wp--preset--color--vivid-green-cyan: #00d084;--wp--preset--color--pale-cyan-blue: #8ed1fc;--wp--preset--color--vivid-cyan-blue: #0693e3;--wp--preset--color--vivid-purple: #9b51e0;--wp--preset--gradient--vivid-cyan-blue-to-vivid-purple: linear-gradient(135deg,rgba(6,147,227,1) 0%,rgb(155,81,224) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--light-green-cyan-to-vivid-green-cyan: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(122,220,180) 0%,rgb(0,208,130) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-vivid-amber-to-luminous-vivid-orange: linear-gradient(135deg,rgba(252,185,0,1) 0%,rgba(255,105,0,1) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-vivid-orange-to-vivid-red: linear-gradient(135deg,rgba(255,105,0,1) 0%,rgb(207,46,46) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--very-light-gray-to-cyan-bluish-gray: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(238,238,238) 0%,rgb(169,184,195) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--cool-to-warm-spectrum: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(74,234,220) 0%,rgb(151,120,209) 20%,rgb(207,42,186) 40%,rgb(238,44,130) 60%,rgb(251,105,98) 80%,rgb(254,248,76) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--blush-light-purple: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(255,206,236) 0%,rgb(152,150,240) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--blush-bordeaux: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(254,205,165) 0%,rgb(254,45,45) 50%,rgb(107,0,62) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-dusk: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(255,203,112) 0%,rgb(199,81,192) 50%,rgb(65,88,208) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--pale-ocean: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(255,245,203) 0%,rgb(182,227,212) 50%,rgb(51,167,181) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--electric-grass: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(202,248,128) 0%,rgb(113,206,126) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--midnight: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(2,3,129) 0%,rgb(40,116,252) 100%);--wp--preset--font-size--small: 13px;--wp--preset--font-size--medium: 20px;--wp--preset--font-size--large: 36px;--wp--preset--font-size--x-large: 42px;--wp--preset--spacing--20: 0.44rem;--wp--preset--spacing--30: 0.67rem;--wp--preset--spacing--40: 1rem;--wp--preset--spacing--50: 1.5rem;--wp--preset--spacing--60: 2.25rem;--wp--preset--spacing--70: 3.38rem;--wp--preset--spacing--80: 5.06rem;--wp--preset--shadow--natural: 6px 6px 9px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2);--wp--preset--shadow--deep: 12px 12px 50px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.4);--wp--preset--shadow--sharp: 6px 6px 0px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2);--wp--preset--shadow--outlined: 6px 6px 0px -3px rgba(255, 255, 255, 1), 6px 6px rgba(0, 0, 0, 1);--wp--preset--shadow--crisp: 6px 6px 0px rgba(0, 0, 0, 1);}:where(.is-layout-flex){gap: 0.5em;}:where(.is-layout-grid){gap: 0.5em;}body .is-layout-flex{display: flex;}.is-layout-flex{flex-wrap: wrap;align-items: center;}.is-layout-flex > :is(*, div){margin: 0;}body .is-layout-grid{display: grid;}.is-layout-grid > :is(*, div){margin: 0;}:where(.wp-block-columns.is-layout-flex){gap: 2em;}:where(.wp-block-columns.is-layout-grid){gap: 2em;}:where(.wp-block-post-template.is-layout-flex){gap: 1.25em;}:where(.wp-block-post-template.is-layout-grid){gap: 1.25em;}.has-black-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--black) !important;}.has-cyan-bluish-gray-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--cyan-bluish-gray) !important;}.has-white-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--white) !important;}.has-pale-pink-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-pink) !important;}.has-vivid-red-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-red) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-orange-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-orange) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-amber-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-amber) !important;}.has-light-green-cyan-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--light-green-cyan) !important;}.has-vivid-green-cyan-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-green-cyan) !important;}.has-pale-cyan-blue-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-cyan-blue-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-purple-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-purple) !important;}.has-black-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--black) !important;}.has-cyan-bluish-gray-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--cyan-bluish-gray) !important;}.has-white-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--white) !important;}.has-pale-pink-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-pink) !important;}.has-vivid-red-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-red) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-orange-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-orange) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-amber-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-amber) !important;}.has-light-green-cyan-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--light-green-cyan) !important;}.has-vivid-green-cyan-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-green-cyan) !important;}.has-pale-cyan-blue-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-cyan-blue-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-purple-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-purple) !important;}.has-black-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--black) !important;}.has-cyan-bluish-gray-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--cyan-bluish-gray) !important;}.has-white-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--white) !important;}.has-pale-pink-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-pink) !important;}.has-vivid-red-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-red) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-orange-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-orange) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-amber-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-amber) !important;}.has-light-green-cyan-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--light-green-cyan) !important;}.has-vivid-green-cyan-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-green-cyan) !important;}.has-pale-cyan-blue-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-cyan-blue-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-purple-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-purple) !important;}.has-vivid-cyan-blue-to-vivid-purple-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--vivid-cyan-blue-to-vivid-purple) !important;}.has-light-green-cyan-to-vivid-green-cyan-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--light-green-cyan-to-vivid-green-cyan) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-amber-to-luminous-vivid-orange-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-vivid-amber-to-luminous-vivid-orange) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-orange-to-vivid-red-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-vivid-orange-to-vivid-red) !important;}.has-very-light-gray-to-cyan-bluish-gray-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--very-light-gray-to-cyan-bluish-gray) !important;}.has-cool-to-warm-spectrum-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--cool-to-warm-spectrum) !important;}.has-blush-light-purple-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--blush-light-purple) !important;}.has-blush-bordeaux-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--blush-bordeaux) !important;}.has-luminous-dusk-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-dusk) !important;}.has-pale-ocean-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--pale-ocean) !important;}.has-electric-grass-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--electric-grass) !important;}.has-midnight-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--midnight) !important;}.has-small-font-size{font-size: var(--wp--preset--font-size--small) !important;}.has-medium-font-size{font-size: var(--wp--preset--font-size--medium) !important;}.has-large-font-size{font-size: var(--wp--preset--font-size--large) !important;}.has-x-large-font-size{font-size: var(--wp--preset--font-size--x-large) !important;} :where(.wp-block-post-template.is-layout-flex){gap: 1.25em;}:where(.wp-block-post-template.is-layout-grid){gap: 1.25em;} :where(.wp-block-columns.is-layout-flex){gap: 2em;}:where(.wp-block-columns.is-layout-grid){gap: 2em;} :root :where(.wp-block-pullquote){font-size: 1.5em;line-height: 1.6;} </style> <link rel='stylesheet' id='better-recent-comments-css' href='https://www.artsjournal.com/artfulmanager/wp/wp-content/plugins/better-recent-comments/assets/css/better-recent-comments.min.css?ver=6.7.1' type='text/css' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='google-fonts-css' href='//fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Roboto%3A300%2C400%7CRaleway%3A400%2C500%2C900&ver=3.0' type='text/css' media='all' /> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.artsjournal.com/artfulmanager/wp/wp-includes/js/jquery/jquery.min.js?ver=3.7.1" id="jquery-core-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.artsjournal.com/artfulmanager/wp/wp-includes/js/jquery/jquery-migrate.min.js?ver=3.4.1" id="jquery-migrate-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.artsjournal.com/artfulmanager/wp/wp-content/themes/magazine-pro/js/entry-date.js?ver=1.0.0" id="magazine-entry-date-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.artsjournal.com/artfulmanager/wp/wp-content/themes/magazine-pro/js/responsive-menu.js?ver=1.0.0" id="magazine-responsive-menu-js"></script> <link rel="https://api.w.org/" href="https://www.artsjournal.com/artfulmanager/wp-json/" /><link rel="alternate" title="JSON" type="application/json" href="https://www.artsjournal.com/artfulmanager/wp-json/wp/v2/posts/4097" /><link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" title="RSD" href="https://www.artsjournal.com/artfulmanager/wp/xmlrpc.php?rsd" /> <link rel="alternate" title="oEmbed (JSON)" type="application/json+oembed" href="https://www.artsjournal.com/artfulmanager/wp-json/oembed/1.0/embed?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.artsjournal.com%2Fartfulmanager%2Fmain%2Fbusiness-in-service-of-beauty.php" /> <link rel="alternate" title="oEmbed (XML)" type="text/xml+oembed" href="https://www.artsjournal.com/artfulmanager/wp-json/oembed/1.0/embed?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.artsjournal.com%2Fartfulmanager%2Fmain%2Fbusiness-in-service-of-beauty.php&format=xml" /> <link rel="pingback" href="https://www.artsjournal.com/artfulmanager/wp/xmlrpc.php" /> <style type="text/css">.site-title a { background: url(https://www.artsjournal.com/artfulmanager/wp/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/am_logo_wordpress_2014.png) no-repeat !important; }</style> <style type="text/css" id="wp-custom-css"> /* Welcome to Custom CSS! CSS (Cascading Style Sheets) is a kind of code that tells the browser how to render a web page. You may delete these comments and get started with your customizations. By default, your stylesheet will be loaded after the theme stylesheets, which means that your rules can take precedence and override the theme CSS rules. Just write here what you want to change, you don't need to copy all your theme's stylesheet content. */ #mc_embed_signup { padding: 10px; margin-right: 25px; margin-left: 25px; } .mc_embed_signup { padding-right: 10px; padding-left: 10px; } .sidebar ul { padding: 10px; } .widgets-list-layout li { padding: 10px; } .twitter-timeline { padding: 10px; } .site-description { display: block; height: 28px; margin-bottom: 0; font-weight: 500; color: #222; text-indent: 10px; } .entry-title { font-size: 36px; font-size: 3.6rem; line-height: 1; } .entry-title a, .sidebar .widget-title a { color: #222; font-weight: 600; } .entry-title a:hover { color: #006699; } h1, h2, h3, h4, h5, h6 { color: #222; font-family: 'Helvetica', sans-serif; font-weight: 500; line-height: 1.2; margin: 0 0 16px; margin: 0 0 1.6rem; } a:hover { color: #006699; } div.entry-content { border-bottom: dotted; border-width: 1px; } .entry-content a, .more-link a { color: #006699; } .sidebar { font-size: 1.4rem; font-size: 14px; } .site-footer { display: none; } .sidebar { background-color: #F0F0F0; } .sidebar li.recentcomment, .sidebar p { padding: 10px; } .search-form { width: 360px; line-height: 1.3; background-color: #F0F0F0; color: #999; padding: .8px; border: none; } .genesis-nav-menu .search-form input { width: 360px; line-height: 1.3; background-color: #F0F0F0; color: #999; padding: 10px; } .genesis-nav-menu .search-form ::-moz-placeholder { color: #999; } .genesis-nav-menu .search-form ::-webkit-input-placeholder { color: #999; } .entry-content .search-form { width: 90%; } .entry-title { font-size: 2.8rem; font-size: 28px; font-weight: 500; } </style> </head> <body class="post-template-default single single-post postid-4097 single-format-standard custom-header header-image content-sidebar genesis-breadcrumbs-hidden genesis-footer-widgets-visible" itemscope itemtype="https://schema.org/WebPage"><div class="site-container"><nav class="nav-primary" aria-label="Main" itemscope itemtype="https://schema.org/SiteNavigationElement"><div class="wrap"><ul id="menu-main-menu" class="menu genesis-nav-menu menu-primary"><li id="menu-item-1969" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category current-post-ancestor current-menu-parent current-post-parent menu-item-1969"><a href="https://www.artsjournal.com/artfulmanager/category/main" itemprop="url"><span itemprop="name">Home</span></a></li> <li id="menu-item-1550" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-has-children menu-item-1550"><a href="https://www.artsjournal.com/artfulmanager/artful-manager" itemprop="url"><span itemprop="name">About</span></a> <ul class="sub-menu"> <li id="menu-item-2471" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-2471"><a href="https://www.artsjournal.com/artfulmanager/artful-manager" itemprop="url"><span itemprop="name">About this Blog</span></a></li> <li id="menu-item-1551" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-1551"><a href="https://www.artsjournal.com/artfulmanager/andrew-taylor" itemprop="url"><span itemprop="name">About Andrew Taylor</span></a></li> <li id="menu-item-141" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-141"><a href="https://www.artsjournal.com/artfulmanager/contact" itemprop="url"><span itemprop="name">Contact</span></a></li> </ul> </li> <li id="menu-item-2453" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-2453"><a href="https://www.artsjournal.com/artfulmanager/subscribe" itemprop="url"><span itemprop="name">Subscribe</span></a></li> <li id="menu-item-2468" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-2468"><a href="http://www.artsjournal.com/ajblogs" itemprop="url"><span itemprop="name">Other AJBlogs</span></a></li> <li id="menu-item-2469" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-2469"><a href="http://www.artsjournal.com" itemprop="url"><span itemprop="name">ArtsJournal</span></a></li> </ul></div></nav><header class="site-header" itemscope itemtype="https://schema.org/WPHeader"><div class="wrap"><div class="title-area"><p class="site-title" itemprop="headline"><a href="https://www.artsjournal.com/artfulmanager/">The Artful Manager</a></p><p class="site-description" itemprop="description">Andrew Taylor on the business of arts & culture</p></div><div class="widget-area header-widget-area"><section id="text-10" class="widget widget_text"><div class="widget-wrap"> <div class="textwidget"><a href="http://www.artsjournal.com/ajblogs"><img src="http://www.artsjournal.com/artfulmanager/wp/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/anajblog.png"></a></div> </div></section> </div></div></header><div class="site-inner"><div class="content-sidebar-wrap"><main class="content"><article class="post-4097 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail category-main entry" aria-label="Business in service of beauty" itemscope itemtype="https://schema.org/CreativeWork"><header class="entry-header"><h1 class="entry-title" itemprop="headline">Business in service of beauty</h1> <p class="entry-meta"><time class="entry-time" itemprop="datePublished" datetime="2024-01-16T08:46:00-05:00">January 16, 2024</time> by <span class="entry-author" itemprop="author" itemscope itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a href="https://www.artsjournal.com/artfulmanager/author/andrew" class="entry-author-link" rel="author" itemprop="url"><span class="entry-author-name" itemprop="name">Andrew Taylor</span></a></span> </p></header><div class="entry-content" itemprop="text"> <blockquote class="wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow"> <p>This beauty course is not aimed at putting beauty in service of business. My aim is the opposite. I want leaders to put business in service of beauty.</p> <cite><em>Diane Ragsdale (2022)</em></cite></blockquote> <p>The world lost a brilliant mind and beautiful spirit with the passing of Diane Ragsdale last week. Elsewhere, in time, I will share more about her extraordinary life and work. Those words haven’t found me yet. But here I want to raise up a small portion of her impactful ideas to keep them moving in the world of Arts Management.</p> <div class="wp-block-image"> <figure class="alignright size-full"><a href="https://www.artsjournal.com/artfulmanager/wp/wp-content/uploads/2024/01/ragsdale_diane_300.jpg"><img fetchpriority="high" decoding="async" width="300" height="300" src="https://www.artsjournal.com/artfulmanager/wp/wp-content/uploads/2024/01/ragsdale_diane_300.jpg" alt="" class="wp-image-4098" srcset="https://www.artsjournal.com/artfulmanager/wp/wp-content/uploads/2024/01/ragsdale_diane_300.jpg 300w, https://www.artsjournal.com/artfulmanager/wp/wp-content/uploads/2024/01/ragsdale_diane_300-150x150.jpg 150w, https://www.artsjournal.com/artfulmanager/wp/wp-content/uploads/2024/01/ragsdale_diane_300-100x100.jpg 100w, https://www.artsjournal.com/artfulmanager/wp/wp-content/uploads/2024/01/ragsdale_diane_300-200x200.jpg 200w" sizes="(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px" /></a></figure></div> <p>In her thinking, writing, advocacy, and action throughout her career, Diane challenged herself and all of us to notice and name what is beautiful, and what distracts or discourages us from building “the next, more beautiful world.” Beauty, here, doesn’t mean “prettiness,” but rather a state of coherence, creativity, vibrancy, justice, discovery, and deep connection to shared, lived human experience. The opposite of beauty, said Diane, is <em>injury</em>.</p> <p>As she details in the excerpt below, centering beauty and creative practice can transform what it means to lead – an arts organization, a community, a commercial enterprise. Perhaps find a moment to reflect or act upon one of the “creative leadership capacities” she describes. And we can all continue her work of finding and forging the next, more beautiful world.</p> <hr class="wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity"/> <p><em>The following is an excerpt from </em><a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" href="https://www.artsjournal.com/jumper/2022/12/co-creating-with-a-conscience-or-why-study-leadership-at-an-art-design-college/"><em>Diane’s Jumper blog (2022)</em></a><em>:</em></p> <p>I have encountered myriad definitions of creative leadership; and they all seem to boil down to some version of envisioning and realizing change and innovation while attending to shared values, mission, and social impact. A central tenet of <a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" href="https://www.mcad.edu/academics/graduate/master-arts/creative-leadership">the program at MCAD</a> is that leadership is a collective capacity, functioning akin to an artist ensemble, and that all players, so to speak, need to be able to step-up and step-back as the moment requires. More specifically, we conceptualize creative leadership as a capacity to collaborate across differences with the goal of imagining and enacting necessary transformational change.</p> <p>…</p> <p>The <em>creation</em> in creative leadership…is based in a foundational premise that there are ways of being, doing, and knowing that are inherent to artmaking and design that are both undervalued by society-at-large and incredibly valuable at a moment in which we are looking at the “end of the world as we have known it” (Loveless 2019) and the need to make a new one. Artists and designers know a thing or two about imagining and making new worlds. </p> <p>Among others, here are some creative leadership capacities that are inherent to training as an artist or designer that are central to worldmaking:</p> <ul class="wp-block-list"> <li><strong>Imagination</strong>: The ability to disrupt patterns and make the new; or to engage in what Otto Scharmer calls “presencing” – a combination of presence and sensing that involves listening or perceiving from the future.     </li> <li><strong>Discipline</strong>: Resourcefulness, attentional capacity, and the ability to shape future possibilities and scenarios within constraints.</li> <li><strong>Agility</strong>: A sense of play and the capacity for collective improvisation in response to volatility, uncertainty, complexity, ambiguity, and seemingly insuperable barriers and challenges.</li> <li><strong>Emergent Strategy</strong>: Comfort with moving in the direction of uncertainty, with making without a goal much less a plan, and with zig-zagging (or failing) towards the creation of something with structural integrity.</li> <li><strong>Care</strong>: Skilled at empathy and moral imagination, or the ability to imagine from the perspective of others and to take decisions with those perspectives in mind.</li> <li><strong>Comfort with Discomfort</strong>: Capacity to ask and sit with catalytic questions, give/receive critique, to facilitate difficult conversations, and to be receptive to opposing views or ambivalence.</li> <li><strong>(Eco)-Systems Thinking</strong>: Contextual intelligence, the ability to sense and analyze parts in relationship to each other and the whole, to recognize beauty and its opposite (injury), and to give sustained attention to that which tends to be neglected or invisible to others (e.g. the broken, harmed, orphaned, disempowered, colonized, extracted, injured, destroyed, etc.).</li> <li><strong>Disinterest</strong>: The ability to distinguish excellence from its potential byproducts: money, power, or fame. <em>H/T to CalPoly Finance Professor John Dobson (2007) for the germ of this idea</em>.</li> <li><strong>Influence</strong>: Storytelling ability, the capacity to reframe, imagine alternatives, craft engaging narrative, and thereby shift perspectives.</li> <li><strong>Ensemble</strong>: The desire and ability to build trust, foster generalized reciprocity, engage with diverse aesthetic values, and balance individualism and collectivism in the process of co-creation.</li> </ul> <p>…</p> <p>Which brings me to the question I am most often asked: <em>Why should I pursue an MA in Creative Leadership rather than an MBA? </em></p> <p>My assertion, in brief: because the cake of creative leadership contains the essential ingredients for 21st century living and working. Put another way, we do not need even <em>more </em>MBAs for the challenges facing the world at the moment; we need <em>more </em>creative leaders. Leaders and managers need to rethink <em>everything </em>(starting with shareholder primacy)<em>. </em>They need to strengthen their capacities to adapt to the non-hierarchical, non-extractive, non-discriminatory, non-oppressive, cultures, structures, and practices that are increasingly demanded by both employees and customers.</p> <hr class="wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity"/> <h3 class="wp-block-heading">Sources</h3> <ul class="wp-block-list"> <li>Dobson, John. “Aesthetics as a Foundation for Business Activity.” <em>Journal of Business Ethics</em> 72, no. 1 (April 1, 2007): 41–46.</li> <li>Loveless, Natalie. <em>How to Make Art at the End of the World: A Manifesto for Research-Creation</em>. Durham: Duke University Press Books, 2019.</li> <li>Ragsdale, Diane. “<a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" href="https://www.artsjournal.com/jumper/2015/01/approaching-beauty-in-a-business-school/">Approaching Beauty in a Business School</a>.” <em>Jumper</em> (blog), January 22, 2015.</li> <li>Ragsdale, Diane. “<a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" href="https://www.artsjournal.com/jumper/2022/12/co-creating-with-a-conscience-or-why-study-leadership-at-an-art-design-college/">Co-Creating with a Conscience: Or, Why Study Leadership at an Art & Design College?</a>” <em>Jumper</em> (blog), December 11, 2022.</li> </ul>  </div><footer class="entry-footer"><p class="entry-meta"><span class="entry-categories">Filed Under: <a href="https://www.artsjournal.com/artfulmanager/category/main" rel="category tag">main</a></span> </p></footer></article><div class="entry-comments" id="comments"><h3>Comments</h3><ol class="comment-list"> <li class="comment even thread-even depth-1" id="comment-76583"> <article id="article-comment-76583" itemprop="comment" itemscope itemtype="https://schema.org/Comment"> <header class="comment-header"> <p class="comment-author" itemprop="author" itemscope itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"> <img alt='' src='https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/c25840d3c708bc27772bebe8ec870562?s=100&d=mm&r=g' srcset='https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/c25840d3c708bc27772bebe8ec870562?s=200&d=mm&r=g 2x' class='avatar avatar-100 photo' height='100' width='100' decoding='async'/><span class="comment-author-name" itemprop="name">Michael J Rushton</span> <span class="says">says</span> </p> <p class="comment-meta"><time class="comment-time" datetime="2024-01-16T13:18:58-05:00" itemprop="datePublished"><a class="comment-time-link" href="https://www.artsjournal.com/artfulmanager/main/business-in-service-of-beauty.php#comment-76583" itemprop="url">January 16, 2024 at 1:18 pm</a></time></p> </header> <div class="comment-content" itemprop="text"> <p>A wonderful person and a creative thinker, this is a terrible loss. – thank you for posting this.</p> </div> </article> </li> <li class="comment odd alt thread-odd thread-alt depth-1" id="comment-76584"> <article id="article-comment-76584" itemprop="comment" itemscope itemtype="https://schema.org/Comment"> <header class="comment-header"> <p class="comment-author" itemprop="author" itemscope itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"> <img alt='' src='https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/f4d7a7194987a5acbf2dfa421f1767b9?s=100&d=mm&r=g' srcset='https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/f4d7a7194987a5acbf2dfa421f1767b9?s=200&d=mm&r=g 2x' class='avatar avatar-100 photo' height='100' width='100' loading='lazy' decoding='async'/><span class="comment-author-name" itemprop="name">Sunil Iyengar</span> <span class="says">says</span> </p> <p class="comment-meta"><time class="comment-time" datetime="2024-01-16T18:36:47-05:00" itemprop="datePublished"><a class="comment-time-link" href="https://www.artsjournal.com/artfulmanager/main/business-in-service-of-beauty.php#comment-76584" itemprop="url">January 16, 2024 at 6:36 pm</a></time></p> </header> <div class="comment-content" itemprop="text"> <p>Thank you, Andrew. The loss is immense. Back when Diane was teaching a course called “Approaching Beauty,” to business majors at UW-Madison, she shared the following outcome at a Ford Foundation / Helicon Collaborative symposium in which we both participated: “When I asked the students to write to me and tell me how, if at all, the course was changing them, one student wrote: `This course is transforming us into people who care.’ By the end of the term, I began to call it a course in human development.” With Diane’s intellect and generous spirit, the stakes were never anything less.</p> </div> </article> </li> <li class="comment even thread-even depth-1" id="comment-76590"> <article id="article-comment-76590" itemprop="comment" itemscope itemtype="https://schema.org/Comment"> <header class="comment-header"> <p class="comment-author" itemprop="author" itemscope itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"> <img alt='' src='https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/fa6b53f1dd6ea7fddad1eec5254b990d?s=100&d=mm&r=g' srcset='https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/fa6b53f1dd6ea7fddad1eec5254b990d?s=200&d=mm&r=g 2x' class='avatar avatar-100 photo' height='100' width='100' loading='lazy' decoding='async'/><span class="comment-author-name" itemprop="name">Barry Hessenius</span> <span class="says">says</span> </p> <p class="comment-meta"><time class="comment-time" datetime="2024-01-19T18:58:48-05:00" itemprop="datePublished"><a class="comment-time-link" href="https://www.artsjournal.com/artfulmanager/main/business-in-service-of-beauty.php#comment-76590" itemprop="url">January 19, 2024 at 6:58 pm</a></time></p> </header> <div class="comment-content" itemprop="text"> <p>An enormous loss. Diane changed the discourse on culture – its aspirations, its modus operandi, its assumptions. A brilliant thought leader, she was a kind, humble soul who moved the dial and challenged us all.</p> </div> </article> </li> </ol></div></main><aside class="sidebar sidebar-primary widget-area" role="complementary" aria-label="Primary Sidebar" itemscope itemtype="https://schema.org/WPSideBar"><section id="user-profile-2" class="widget user-profile"><div class="widget-wrap"><h4 class="widget-title widgettitle">About Andrew Taylor</h4> <p><span class="alignleft"><img alt='' src='https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/3e52f938d087ca220d1f26b57aeb9b22?s=125&d=mm&r=g' srcset='https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/3e52f938d087ca220d1f26b57aeb9b22?s=250&d=mm&r=g 2x' class='avatar avatar-125 photo' height='125' width='125' loading='lazy' decoding='async'/></span>Andrew Taylor is a faculty member in American University's Arts Management Program in Washington, DC. <a class="pagelink" href="https://www.artsjournal.com/artfulmanager/andrew-taylor">[Read More …]</a></p> </div></section> <section id="text-16" class="widget widget_text"><div class="widget-wrap"><h4 class="widget-title widgettitle">ArtsManaged Field Notes</h4> <div class="textwidget"><p><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" class=" wp-image-4002 alignright" src="https://www.artsjournal.com/artfulmanager/wp/wp-content/uploads/2023/01/artsmanaged_logo_circle_150.png" alt="#ArtsManaged logo" width="86" height="86" srcset="https://www.artsjournal.com/artfulmanager/wp/wp-content/uploads/2023/01/artsmanaged_logo_circle_150.png 150w, https://www.artsjournal.com/artfulmanager/wp/wp-content/uploads/2023/01/artsmanaged_logo_circle_150-100x100.png 100w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 86px) 100vw, 86px" />Andrew Taylor also publishes a weekly email newsletter, <a href="https://notes.artsmanaged.org/">ArtsManaged Field Notes</a>, on Arts Management practice. The most recent notes are listed below.</p> </div> </div></section> <section id="rss-3" class="widget widget_rss"><div class="widget-wrap"><h4 class="widget-title widgettitle"><a class="rsswidget rss-widget-feed" href="https://notes.artsmanaged.org/feed"><img class="rss-widget-icon" style="border:0" width="14" height="14" src="https://www.artsjournal.com/artfulmanager/wp/wp-includes/images/rss.png" alt="RSS" loading="lazy" /></a> <a class="rsswidget rss-widget-title" href="https://notes.artsmanaged.org/">ArtsManaged Field Notes</a></h4> <ul><li><a class='rsswidget' href='https://notes.artsmanaged.org/p/many-hats'>Many hats make difficult work</a> <span class="rss-date">November 19, 2024</span><div class="rssSummary">It's hard to stay on the path when there is more than one path.</div></li><li><a class='rsswidget' href='https://notes.artsmanaged.org/p/spheres-of-influence'>Spheres of influence</a> <span class="rss-date">November 12, 2024</span><div class="rssSummary">When your larger world is spinning out of control, remember the worlds you DO control.</div></li><li><a class='rsswidget' href='https://notes.artsmanaged.org/p/what-work-does-an-arts-experience'>What "work" does an arts experience do?</a> <span class="rss-date">November 5, 2024</span><div class="rssSummary">"Jobs to be done" shifts focus from who might buy a ticket to what they want that ticket to buy.</div></li><li><a class='rsswidget' href='https://notes.artsmanaged.org/p/minimizing-the-board'>Minimizing the board</a> <span class="rss-date">October 29, 2024</span><div class="rssSummary">A nonprofit board needs at least three people. What if that were enough?</div></li><li><a class='rsswidget' href='https://notes.artsmanaged.org/p/the-cost-of-revenue'>The cost of revenue</a> <span class="rss-date">October 22, 2024</span><div class="rssSummary">Every dollar you earn or raise costs you something. Spend wisely.</div></li></ul></div></section> <section id="text-14" class="widget widget_text"><div class="widget-wrap"><h4 class="widget-title widgettitle">Artful Manager: The Book!</h4> <div class="textwidget"><p><span class="alignleft"><img decoding="async" class="“avatar alignleft" src="https://www.artsjournal.com/artfulmanager/wp/wp-content/uploads/2021/06/artfulmanager_cover_square.jpg" alt="The Artful Manager Book" width="125" height="“125”" align="left" /></span>Fifty provocations, inquiries, and insights on the business of arts and culture, available in<br /> <a href="https://www.amazon.com/Artful-Manager-Field-Business-Culture/dp/1736858505/">paperback</a>, <a href="https://www.amazon.com/Artful-Manager-Field-Business-Culture-ebook/dp/B09168XF86/ref=sr_1_1?dchild=1&keywords=the+artful+manager&qid=1621455548&sr=8-1">Kindle</a>, or <a href="https://books.apple.com/us/book/the-artful-manager/id1562681778">Apple Books</a> formats.</p> </div> </div></section> <section id="better_recent_comments-2" class="widget widget_recent_comments"><div class="widget-wrap"><h4 class="widget-title widgettitle">Recent Comments</h4> <ul id="better-recent-comments" class="recent-comments-list with-avatars"><li class="recentcomments recent-comment"><div class="comment-wrap" style="padding-left:50px; min-height:44px;"><span class="comment-avatar"><img alt='' src='https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/fa6b53f1dd6ea7fddad1eec5254b990d?s=40&d=mm&r=g' srcset='https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/fa6b53f1dd6ea7fddad1eec5254b990d?s=80&d=mm&r=g 2x' class='avatar avatar-40 photo' height='40' width='40' loading='lazy' decoding='async'/></span> <span class="comment-author-link">Barry Hessenius</span> on <span class="comment-post"><a href="https://www.artsjournal.com/artfulmanager/main/business-in-service-of-beauty.php#comment-76590">Business in service of beauty</a></span>: “<span class="comment-excerpt">An enormous loss. Diane changed the discourse on culture – its aspirations, its modus operandi, its assumptions. A brilliant thought…</span>” <span class="comment-date">Jan 19, 18:58</span></div></li><li class="recentcomments recent-comment"><div class="comment-wrap" style="padding-left:50px; min-height:44px;"><span class="comment-avatar"><img alt='' src='https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/f4d7a7194987a5acbf2dfa421f1767b9?s=40&d=mm&r=g' srcset='https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/f4d7a7194987a5acbf2dfa421f1767b9?s=80&d=mm&r=g 2x' class='avatar avatar-40 photo' height='40' width='40' loading='lazy' decoding='async'/></span> <span class="comment-author-link">Sunil Iyengar</span> on <span class="comment-post"><a href="https://www.artsjournal.com/artfulmanager/main/business-in-service-of-beauty.php#comment-76584">Business in service of beauty</a></span>: “<span class="comment-excerpt">Thank you, Andrew. The loss is immense. Back when Diane was teaching a course called “Approaching Beauty,” to business majors…</span>” <span class="comment-date">Jan 16, 18:36</span></div></li><li class="recentcomments recent-comment"><div class="comment-wrap" style="padding-left:50px; min-height:44px;"><span class="comment-avatar"><img alt='' src='https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/c25840d3c708bc27772bebe8ec870562?s=40&d=mm&r=g' srcset='https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/c25840d3c708bc27772bebe8ec870562?s=80&d=mm&r=g 2x' class='avatar avatar-40 photo' height='40' width='40' loading='lazy' decoding='async'/></span> <span class="comment-author-link">Michael J Rushton</span> on <span class="comment-post"><a href="https://www.artsjournal.com/artfulmanager/main/business-in-service-of-beauty.php#comment-76583">Business in service of beauty</a></span>: “<span class="comment-excerpt">A wonderful person and a creative thinker, this is a terrible loss. – thank you for posting this.</span>” <span class="comment-date">Jan 16, 13:18</span></div></li><li class="recentcomments recent-comment"><div class="comment-wrap" style="padding-left:50px; min-height:44px;"><span class="comment-avatar"><img alt='' src='https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/3e52f938d087ca220d1f26b57aeb9b22?s=40&d=mm&r=g' srcset='https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/3e52f938d087ca220d1f26b57aeb9b22?s=80&d=mm&r=g 2x' class='avatar avatar-40 photo' height='40' width='40' loading='lazy' decoding='async'/></span> <span class="comment-author-link"><a href="https://eandrewtaylor.com/" class="url" rel="ugc external nofollow">Andrew Taylor</a></span> on <span class="comment-post"><a href="https://www.artsjournal.com/artfulmanager/main/two-goals-to-rule-them-all.php#comment-76582">Two goals to rule them all</a></span>: “<span class="comment-excerpt">Absolutely, borrow and build to your heart’s content! The idea that cultural practice BOTH reduces and samples surprise is really…</span>” <span class="comment-date">Jun 2, 18:01</span></div></li><li class="recentcomments recent-comment"><div class="comment-wrap" style="padding-left:50px; min-height:44px;"><span class="comment-avatar"><img alt='' src='https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/cfe6eb04e23cbc53a57adaae930f3761?s=40&d=mm&r=g' srcset='https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/cfe6eb04e23cbc53a57adaae930f3761?s=80&d=mm&r=g 2x' class='avatar avatar-40 photo' height='40' width='40' loading='lazy' decoding='async'/></span> <span class="comment-author-link">Heather Good</span> on <span class="comment-post"><a href="https://www.artsjournal.com/artfulmanager/main/two-goals-to-rule-them-all.php#comment-76581">Two goals to rule them all</a></span>: “<span class="comment-excerpt">To “actively sample novel experiences (in safe ways) to build more resilient perception and prediction” is about as useful a…</span>” <span class="comment-date">Jun 2, 15:05</span></div></li></ul></div></section> <section id="archives-3" class="widget widget_archive"><div class="widget-wrap"><h4 class="widget-title widgettitle">Archives</h4> <label class="screen-reader-text" for="archives-dropdown-3">Archives</label> <select id="archives-dropdown-3" name="archive-dropdown"> <option value="">Select Month</option> <option value='https://www.artsjournal.com/artfulmanager/2024/01'> January 2024  (1)</option> <option value='https://www.artsjournal.com/artfulmanager/2023/06'> June 2023  (1)</option> <option value='https://www.artsjournal.com/artfulmanager/2023/05'> May 2023  (2)</option> <option value='https://www.artsjournal.com/artfulmanager/2023/02'> February 2023  (3)</option> <option value='https://www.artsjournal.com/artfulmanager/2023/01'> January 2023  (2)</option> <option value='https://www.artsjournal.com/artfulmanager/2022/11'> November 2022  (1)</option> <option value='https://www.artsjournal.com/artfulmanager/2022/10'> October 2022  (1)</option> <option value='https://www.artsjournal.com/artfulmanager/2022/09'> September 2022  (1)</option> <option value='https://www.artsjournal.com/artfulmanager/2022/08'> August 2022  (4)</option> <option value='https://www.artsjournal.com/artfulmanager/2022/07'> July 2022  (2)</option> <option value='https://www.artsjournal.com/artfulmanager/2022/05'> May 2022  (1)</option> <option value='https://www.artsjournal.com/artfulmanager/2022/04'> April 2022  (1)</option> <option value='https://www.artsjournal.com/artfulmanager/2022/03'> March 2022  (4)</option> <option value='https://www.artsjournal.com/artfulmanager/2022/02'> February 2022  (2)</option> <option value='https://www.artsjournal.com/artfulmanager/2021/12'> December 2021  (1)</option> <option value='https://www.artsjournal.com/artfulmanager/2021/11'> November 2021  (1)</option> <option value='https://www.artsjournal.com/artfulmanager/2021/10'> October 2021  (2)</option> <option value='https://www.artsjournal.com/artfulmanager/2021/09'> September 2021  (2)</option> <option value='https://www.artsjournal.com/artfulmanager/2021/06'> June 2021  (1)</option> <option value='https://www.artsjournal.com/artfulmanager/2021/03'> March 2021  (1)</option> <option value='https://www.artsjournal.com/artfulmanager/2021/02'> February 2021  (2)</option> <option value='https://www.artsjournal.com/artfulmanager/2020/04'> April 2020  (2)</option> <option value='https://www.artsjournal.com/artfulmanager/2020/01'> January 2020  (2)</option> <option value='https://www.artsjournal.com/artfulmanager/2019/05'> May 2019  (1)</option> <option value='https://www.artsjournal.com/artfulmanager/2019/04'> April 2019  (3)</option> <option value='https://www.artsjournal.com/artfulmanager/2019/03'> March 2019  (1)</option> <option value='https://www.artsjournal.com/artfulmanager/2019/01'> January 2019  (1)</option> <option value='https://www.artsjournal.com/artfulmanager/2018/08'> August 2018  (1)</option> <option value='https://www.artsjournal.com/artfulmanager/2018/07'> July 2018  (1)</option> <option value='https://www.artsjournal.com/artfulmanager/2018/06'> June 2018  (1)</option> <option value='https://www.artsjournal.com/artfulmanager/2018/05'> May 2018  (2)</option> <option value='https://www.artsjournal.com/artfulmanager/2018/02'> February 2018  (2)</option> <option value='https://www.artsjournal.com/artfulmanager/2018/01'> January 2018  (1)</option> <option value='https://www.artsjournal.com/artfulmanager/2017/11'> November 2017  (1)</option> <option value='https://www.artsjournal.com/artfulmanager/2017/10'> October 2017  (1)</option> <option value='https://www.artsjournal.com/artfulmanager/2017/09'> September 2017  (3)</option> <option value='https://www.artsjournal.com/artfulmanager/2017/06'> June 2017  (4)</option> <option value='https://www.artsjournal.com/artfulmanager/2017/05'> May 2017  (1)</option> <option value='https://www.artsjournal.com/artfulmanager/2017/04'> April 2017  (2)</option> <option value='https://www.artsjournal.com/artfulmanager/2017/02'> February 2017  (1)</option> <option value='https://www.artsjournal.com/artfulmanager/2017/01'> January 2017  (1)</option> <option value='https://www.artsjournal.com/artfulmanager/2016/10'> October 2016  (1)</option> <option value='https://www.artsjournal.com/artfulmanager/2016/09'> September 2016  (3)</option> <option value='https://www.artsjournal.com/artfulmanager/2016/06'> June 2016  (3)</option> <option value='https://www.artsjournal.com/artfulmanager/2016/04'> April 2016  (1)</option> <option value='https://www.artsjournal.com/artfulmanager/2016/03'> March 2016  (2)</option> <option value='https://www.artsjournal.com/artfulmanager/2016/02'> February 2016  (3)</option> <option value='https://www.artsjournal.com/artfulmanager/2016/01'> January 2016  (4)</option> <option value='https://www.artsjournal.com/artfulmanager/2015/11'> November 2015  (1)</option> <option value='https://www.artsjournal.com/artfulmanager/2015/10'> October 2015  (3)</option> <option value='https://www.artsjournal.com/artfulmanager/2015/09'> September 2015  (2)</option> <option value='https://www.artsjournal.com/artfulmanager/2015/02'> February 2015  (2)</option> <option value='https://www.artsjournal.com/artfulmanager/2015/01'> January 2015  (1)</option> <option value='https://www.artsjournal.com/artfulmanager/2014/10'> October 2014  (3)</option> <option value='https://www.artsjournal.com/artfulmanager/2014/09'> September 2014  (3)</option> <option value='https://www.artsjournal.com/artfulmanager/2014/08'> August 2014  (2)</option> <option value='https://www.artsjournal.com/artfulmanager/2014/07'> July 2014  (2)</option> <option value='https://www.artsjournal.com/artfulmanager/2014/06'> June 2014  (2)</option> <option value='https://www.artsjournal.com/artfulmanager/2014/05'> May 2014  (5)</option> <option value='https://www.artsjournal.com/artfulmanager/2014/04'> April 2014  (4)</option> <option value='https://www.artsjournal.com/artfulmanager/2014/03'> March 2014  (4)</option> <option value='https://www.artsjournal.com/artfulmanager/2014/02'> February 2014  (6)</option> <option value='https://www.artsjournal.com/artfulmanager/2014/01'> January 2014  (3)</option> <option value='https://www.artsjournal.com/artfulmanager/2013/12'> December 2013  (1)</option> <option value='https://www.artsjournal.com/artfulmanager/2013/11'> November 2013  (2)</option> <option value='https://www.artsjournal.com/artfulmanager/2013/10'> October 2013  (4)</option> <option value='https://www.artsjournal.com/artfulmanager/2013/09'> September 2013  (7)</option> <option value='https://www.artsjournal.com/artfulmanager/2013/08'> August 2013  (2)</option> <option value='https://www.artsjournal.com/artfulmanager/2013/07'> July 2013  (4)</option> <option value='https://www.artsjournal.com/artfulmanager/2013/06'> June 2013  (2)</option> <option value='https://www.artsjournal.com/artfulmanager/2013/05'> May 2013  (3)</option> <option value='https://www.artsjournal.com/artfulmanager/2013/04'> April 2013  (3)</option> <option value='https://www.artsjournal.com/artfulmanager/2013/03'> March 2013  (4)</option> <option value='https://www.artsjournal.com/artfulmanager/2013/02'> February 2013  (7)</option> <option value='https://www.artsjournal.com/artfulmanager/2013/01'> January 2013  (6)</option> <option value='https://www.artsjournal.com/artfulmanager/2012/12'> December 2012  (4)</option> <option value='https://www.artsjournal.com/artfulmanager/2012/11'> November 2012  (5)</option> <option value='https://www.artsjournal.com/artfulmanager/2012/10'> October 2012  (9)</option> <option value='https://www.artsjournal.com/artfulmanager/2012/09'> September 2012  (6)</option> <option value='https://www.artsjournal.com/artfulmanager/2012/08'> August 2012  (6)</option> <option value='https://www.artsjournal.com/artfulmanager/2012/06'> June 2012  (1)</option> <option value='https://www.artsjournal.com/artfulmanager/2012/05'> May 2012  (11)</option> <option value='https://www.artsjournal.com/artfulmanager/2012/04'> April 2012  (6)</option> <option value='https://www.artsjournal.com/artfulmanager/2012/03'> March 2012  (3)</option> <option value='https://www.artsjournal.com/artfulmanager/2012/02'> February 2012  (9)</option> <option value='https://www.artsjournal.com/artfulmanager/2012/01'> January 2012  (5)</option> <option value='https://www.artsjournal.com/artfulmanager/2011/12'> December 2011  (4)</option> <option value='https://www.artsjournal.com/artfulmanager/2011/11'> November 2011  (4)</option> <option value='https://www.artsjournal.com/artfulmanager/2011/10'> October 2011  (5)</option> <option value='https://www.artsjournal.com/artfulmanager/2011/09'> September 2011  (7)</option> <option value='https://www.artsjournal.com/artfulmanager/2011/08'> August 2011  (10)</option> <option value='https://www.artsjournal.com/artfulmanager/2011/07'> July 2011  (1)</option> <option value='https://www.artsjournal.com/artfulmanager/2011/06'> June 2011  (3)</option> <option value='https://www.artsjournal.com/artfulmanager/2011/05'> May 2011  (7)</option> <option value='https://www.artsjournal.com/artfulmanager/2011/04'> April 2011  (6)</option> <option value='https://www.artsjournal.com/artfulmanager/2011/03'> March 2011  (9)</option> <option value='https://www.artsjournal.com/artfulmanager/2011/02'> February 2011  (8)</option> <option value='https://www.artsjournal.com/artfulmanager/2011/01'> January 2011  (7)</option> <option value='https://www.artsjournal.com/artfulmanager/2010/12'> December 2010  (6)</option> <option value='https://www.artsjournal.com/artfulmanager/2010/11'> November 2010  (4)</option> <option value='https://www.artsjournal.com/artfulmanager/2010/10'> October 2010  (11)</option> <option value='https://www.artsjournal.com/artfulmanager/2010/09'> September 2010  (10)</option> <option value='https://www.artsjournal.com/artfulmanager/2010/08'> August 2010  (6)</option> <option value='https://www.artsjournal.com/artfulmanager/2010/07'> July 2010  (1)</option> <option value='https://www.artsjournal.com/artfulmanager/2010/06'> June 2010  (4)</option> <option value='https://www.artsjournal.com/artfulmanager/2010/05'> May 2010  (5)</option> <option value='https://www.artsjournal.com/artfulmanager/2010/04'> April 2010  (9)</option> <option value='https://www.artsjournal.com/artfulmanager/2010/03'> March 2010  (11)</option> <option value='https://www.artsjournal.com/artfulmanager/2010/02'> February 2010  (8)</option> <option value='https://www.artsjournal.com/artfulmanager/2010/01'> January 2010  (8)</option> <option value='https://www.artsjournal.com/artfulmanager/2009/12'> December 2009  (8)</option> <option value='https://www.artsjournal.com/artfulmanager/2009/11'> November 2009  (10)</option> <option value='https://www.artsjournal.com/artfulmanager/2009/10'> October 2009  (12)</option> <option value='https://www.artsjournal.com/artfulmanager/2009/09'> September 2009  (8)</option> <option value='https://www.artsjournal.com/artfulmanager/2009/08'> August 2009  (11)</option> <option value='https://www.artsjournal.com/artfulmanager/2009/07'> July 2009  (11)</option> <option value='https://www.artsjournal.com/artfulmanager/2009/06'> June 2009  (14)</option> <option value='https://www.artsjournal.com/artfulmanager/2009/05'> May 2009  (15)</option> <option value='https://www.artsjournal.com/artfulmanager/2009/04'> April 2009  (13)</option> <option value='https://www.artsjournal.com/artfulmanager/2009/03'> March 2009  (11)</option> <option value='https://www.artsjournal.com/artfulmanager/2009/02'> February 2009  (11)</option> <option value='https://www.artsjournal.com/artfulmanager/2009/01'> January 2009  (12)</option> <option value='https://www.artsjournal.com/artfulmanager/2008/12'> December 2008  (6)</option> <option value='https://www.artsjournal.com/artfulmanager/2008/11'> November 2008  (8)</option> <option value='https://www.artsjournal.com/artfulmanager/2008/10'> October 2008  (10)</option> <option value='https://www.artsjournal.com/artfulmanager/2008/09'> September 2008  (16)</option> <option value='https://www.artsjournal.com/artfulmanager/2008/08'> August 2008  (12)</option> <option value='https://www.artsjournal.com/artfulmanager/2008/07'> July 2008  (2)</option> <option value='https://www.artsjournal.com/artfulmanager/2008/06'> June 2008  (11)</option> <option value='https://www.artsjournal.com/artfulmanager/2008/05'> May 2008  (13)</option> <option value='https://www.artsjournal.com/artfulmanager/2008/04'> April 2008  (14)</option> <option value='https://www.artsjournal.com/artfulmanager/2008/03'> March 2008  (15)</option> <option value='https://www.artsjournal.com/artfulmanager/2008/02'> February 2008  (14)</option> <option value='https://www.artsjournal.com/artfulmanager/2008/01'> January 2008  (12)</option> <option value='https://www.artsjournal.com/artfulmanager/2007/12'> December 2007  (6)</option> <option value='https://www.artsjournal.com/artfulmanager/2007/11'> November 2007  (10)</option> <option value='https://www.artsjournal.com/artfulmanager/2007/10'> October 2007  (15)</option> <option value='https://www.artsjournal.com/artfulmanager/2007/09'> September 2007  (13)</option> <option value='https://www.artsjournal.com/artfulmanager/2007/08'> August 2007  (1)</option> <option value='https://www.artsjournal.com/artfulmanager/2007/07'> July 2007  (2)</option> <option value='https://www.artsjournal.com/artfulmanager/2007/06'> June 2007  (12)</option> <option value='https://www.artsjournal.com/artfulmanager/2007/05'> May 2007  (9)</option> <option value='https://www.artsjournal.com/artfulmanager/2007/04'> April 2007  (11)</option> <option value='https://www.artsjournal.com/artfulmanager/2007/03'> March 2007  (12)</option> <option value='https://www.artsjournal.com/artfulmanager/2007/02'> February 2007  (13)</option> <option value='https://www.artsjournal.com/artfulmanager/2007/01'> January 2007  (17)</option> <option value='https://www.artsjournal.com/artfulmanager/2006/12'> December 2006  (7)</option> <option value='https://www.artsjournal.com/artfulmanager/2006/11'> November 2006  (12)</option> <option value='https://www.artsjournal.com/artfulmanager/2006/10'> October 2006  (12)</option> <option value='https://www.artsjournal.com/artfulmanager/2006/09'> September 2006  (15)</option> <option value='https://www.artsjournal.com/artfulmanager/2006/08'> August 2006  (18)</option> <option value='https://www.artsjournal.com/artfulmanager/2006/07'> July 2006  (11)</option> <option value='https://www.artsjournal.com/artfulmanager/2006/06'> June 2006  (13)</option> <option value='https://www.artsjournal.com/artfulmanager/2006/05'> May 2006  (12)</option> <option value='https://www.artsjournal.com/artfulmanager/2006/04'> April 2006  (14)</option> <option value='https://www.artsjournal.com/artfulmanager/2006/03'> March 2006  (17)</option> <option value='https://www.artsjournal.com/artfulmanager/2006/02'> February 2006  (13)</option> <option value='https://www.artsjournal.com/artfulmanager/2006/01'> January 2006  (20)</option> <option value='https://www.artsjournal.com/artfulmanager/2005/12'> December 2005  (10)</option> <option value='https://www.artsjournal.com/artfulmanager/2005/11'> November 2005  (20)</option> <option value='https://www.artsjournal.com/artfulmanager/2005/10'> October 2005  (18)</option> <option value='https://www.artsjournal.com/artfulmanager/2005/09'> September 2005  (18)</option> <option value='https://www.artsjournal.com/artfulmanager/2005/08'> August 2005  (19)</option> <option value='https://www.artsjournal.com/artfulmanager/2005/07'> July 2005  (15)</option> <option value='https://www.artsjournal.com/artfulmanager/2005/06'> June 2005  (20)</option> <option value='https://www.artsjournal.com/artfulmanager/2005/05'> May 2005  (20)</option> <option value='https://www.artsjournal.com/artfulmanager/2005/04'> April 2005  (19)</option> <option value='https://www.artsjournal.com/artfulmanager/2005/03'> March 2005  (17)</option> <option value='https://www.artsjournal.com/artfulmanager/2005/02'> February 2005  (18)</option> <option value='https://www.artsjournal.com/artfulmanager/2005/01'> January 2005  (18)</option> <option value='https://www.artsjournal.com/artfulmanager/2004/12'> December 2004  (13)</option> <option value='https://www.artsjournal.com/artfulmanager/2004/11'> November 2004  (16)</option> <option value='https://www.artsjournal.com/artfulmanager/2004/10'> October 2004  (17)</option> <option value='https://www.artsjournal.com/artfulmanager/2004/09'> September 2004  (21)</option> <option value='https://www.artsjournal.com/artfulmanager/2004/08'> August 2004  (15)</option> <option value='https://www.artsjournal.com/artfulmanager/2004/07'> July 2004  (16)</option> <option value='https://www.artsjournal.com/artfulmanager/2004/06'> June 2004  (13)</option> <option value='https://www.artsjournal.com/artfulmanager/2004/05'> May 2004  (15)</option> <option value='https://www.artsjournal.com/artfulmanager/2004/04'> April 2004  (13)</option> <option value='https://www.artsjournal.com/artfulmanager/2004/03'> March 2004  (20)</option> <option value='https://www.artsjournal.com/artfulmanager/2004/02'> February 2004  (20)</option> <option value='https://www.artsjournal.com/artfulmanager/2004/01'> January 2004  (16)</option> <option value='https://www.artsjournal.com/artfulmanager/2003/12'> December 2003  (14)</option> <option value='https://www.artsjournal.com/artfulmanager/2003/11'> November 2003  (12)</option> <option value='https://www.artsjournal.com/artfulmanager/2003/10'> October 2003  (13)</option> <option value='https://www.artsjournal.com/artfulmanager/2003/09'> September 2003  (15)</option> <option value='https://www.artsjournal.com/artfulmanager/2003/08'> August 2003  (15)</option> <option value='https://www.artsjournal.com/artfulmanager/2003/07'> July 2003  (12)</option> </select> <script type="text/javascript"> /* <![CDATA[ */ (function() { var dropdown = document.getElementById( "archives-dropdown-3" ); function onSelectChange() { if ( dropdown.options[ dropdown.selectedIndex ].value !== '' ) { document.location.href = this.options[ this.selectedIndex ].value; } } dropdown.onchange = onSelectChange; })(); /* ]]> */ </script> </div></section> </aside></div></div><div class="footer-widgets"><div class="wrap"><div class="widget-area footer-widgets-1 footer-widget-area"><section id="text-11" class="widget widget_text"><div class="widget-wrap"> <div class="textwidget"><div class="creds"> <a rel="license" href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/"><img alt="Creative Commons License" style="border-width:0" src="https://i.creativecommons.org/l/by-sa/4.0/88x31.png" /></a><br />The written content of this blog is licensed under a <a rel="license" href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License</a>. Images are not covered under this license, but are linked (whenever possible) to their original author. <?php wp_loginout(); ?></div> </div></section> </div><div class="widget-area footer-widgets-2 footer-widget-area"><section id="text-12" class="widget widget_text"><div class="widget-wrap"> <div class="textwidget"><p align="center">an <a href="http://www.artsjournal.com">ArtsJournal</a> blog</p></div> </div></section> </div></div></div><footer class="site-footer" itemscope itemtype="https://schema.org/WPFooter"><div class="wrap"><p>Copyright © 2024 · <a href="http://my.studiopress.com/themes/magazine/">Magazine Pro Theme</a> on <a href="https://www.studiopress.com/">Genesis Framework</a> · <a href="https://wordpress.org/">WordPress</a> · <a href="https://www.artsjournal.com/artfulmanager/wp/wp-login.php?itsec-hb-token=wplogin">Log in</a></p></div></footer></div> <script async src="https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtag/js?id=UA-2975455-2"></script> <script> window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; function gtag(){dataLayer.push(arguments);} gtag('js', new Date()); gtag('config', 'UA-2975455-2'); </script></body></html>