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class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Innhold</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">flytt til sidefeltet</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">skjul</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">(Til toppen)</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Ulike_transkripsjonssystem" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ulike_transkripsjonssystem"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Ulike transkripsjonssystem</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Ulike_transkripsjonssystem-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Vis/skjul underseksjonen Ulike transkripsjonssystem</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Ulike_transkripsjonssystem-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Du_Bois-systemet" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Du_Bois-systemet"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Du Bois-systemet</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Du_Bois-systemet-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Transkripsjonsnøkkel" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Transkripsjonsnøkkel"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1.1</span> <span>Transkripsjonsnøkkel</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Transkripsjonsnøkkel-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Eksempel_på_transkripsjon" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Eksempel_på_transkripsjon"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1.2</span> <span>Eksempel på transkripsjon</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Eksempel_på_transkripsjon-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Jefferson-systemet" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Jefferson-systemet"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Jefferson-systemet</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Jefferson-systemet-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Transkripsjonsnøkkel_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Transkripsjonsnøkkel_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2.1</span> <span>Transkripsjonsnøkkel</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Transkripsjonsnøkkel_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Eksempel_på_transkripsjon_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Eksempel_på_transkripsjon_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2.2</span> <span>Eksempel på transkripsjon</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Eksempel_på_transkripsjon_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Referanser" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Referanser"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Referanser</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Referanser-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Eksterne_lenker" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Eksterne_lenker"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Eksterne lenker</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Eksterne_lenker-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Innhold" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Vis/skjul innholdsfortegnelsen" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Vis/skjul innholdsfortegnelsen</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Transkripsjon (språkvitenskap)</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Gå til en artikkel på et annet språk. Tilgjengelig på 57 språk" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-57" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">57 språk</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transkripsjon_i_lingvistikk" title="Transkripsjon i lingvistikk – norsk nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Transkripsjon i lingvistikk" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="norsk nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transskription_(sprog)" title="Transskription (sprog) – dansk" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Transskription (sprog)" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="dansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transkription_(spr%C3%A5kvetenskap)" title="Transkription (språkvetenskap) – svensk" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Transkription (språkvetenskap)" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="svensk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transkripsie" title="Transkripsie – afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Transkripsie" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D9%82%D8%B5%D9%88%D8%A9" title="نقصوة – arabisk" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="نقصوة" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arabisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hyw mw-list-item"><a href="https://hyw.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%8F%D5%A1%D5%BC%D5%A1%D5%A4%D5%A1%D6%80%D5%B1%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%A9%D5%AB%D6%82%D5%B6_(%D4%BC%D5%A5%D5%A6%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%A1%D5%A2%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%A9%D5%AB%D6%82%D5%B6)" title="Տառադարձութիւն (Լեզուաբանութիւն) – vestarmensk" lang="hyw" hreflang="hyw" data-title="Տառադարձութիւն (Լեզուաբանութիւն)" data-language-autonym="Արեւմտահայերէն" data-language-local-name="vestarmensk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Արեւմտահայերէն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transkripsiya_(dil%C3%A7ilik)" title="Transkripsiya (dilçilik) – aserbajdsjansk" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Transkripsiya (dilçilik)" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="aserbajdsjansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cho%C3%A1n-si%C3%A1_(gi%C3%A2n-g%C3%AD-ha%CC%8Dk)" title="Choán-siá (giân-gí-ha̍k) – minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Choán-siá (giân-gí-ha̍k)" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D1%88%D2%A1%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%82_%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B4%D3%99_%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BF%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Башҡорт телендә транскрипция – basjkirsk" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Башҡорт телендә транскрипция" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="basjkirsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D1%80%D1%8B%D0%BF%D1%86%D1%8B%D1%8F_(%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%9E%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B0)" title="Транскрыпцыя (мовазнаўства) – belarusisk" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Транскрыпцыя (мовазнаўства)" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="belarusisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B1%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B5" title="Транскрибиране – bulgarsk" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Транскрибиране" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="bulgarsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transcripci%C3%B3_ling%C3%BC%C3%ADstica" title="Transcripció lingüística – katalansk" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Transcripció lingüística" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="katalansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transkripce_(lingvistika)" title="Transkripce (lingvistika) – tsjekkisk" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Transkripce (lingvistika)" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="tsjekkisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transkription_(Linguistik)" title="Transkription (Linguistik) – tysk" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Transkription (Linguistik)" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="tysk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transcription_(linguistics)" title="Transcription (linguistics) – engelsk" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Transcription (linguistics)" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="engelsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transcripci%C3%B3n_(ling%C3%BC%C3%ADstica)" title="Transcripción (lingüística) – spansk" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Transcripción (lingüística)" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="spansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transskribado_(lingvoscienco)" title="Transskribado (lingvoscienco) – esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Transskribado (lingvoscienco)" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transkripzio_(hizkuntzalaritza)" title="Transkripzio (hizkuntzalaritza) – baskisk" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Transkripzio (hizkuntzalaritza)" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="baskisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%88%DB%8C%D8%B3%DB%8C" title="ترانویسی – persisk" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="ترانویسی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="persisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transcription_(linguistique)" title="Transcription (linguistique) – fransk" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Transcription (linguistique)" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="fransk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transkripsje_(taalkunde)" title="Transkripsje (taalkunde) – vestfrisisk" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Transkripsje (taalkunde)" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="vestfrisisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transcrici%C3%B3n" title="Transcrición – galisisk" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Transcrición" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="galisisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%A0%84%EC%82%AC_(%EC%96%B8%EC%96%B4%ED%95%99)" title="전사 (언어학) – koreansk" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="전사 (언어학)" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="koreansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%8F%D5%A1%D5%BC%D5%A1%D5%A4%D5%A1%D6%80%D5%B1%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%A9%D5%B5%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B6" title="Տառադարձություն – armensk" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Տառադարձություն" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="armensk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%96%E0%A4%A8_(%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9E%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8)" title="प्रतिलेखन (भाषाविज्ञान) – hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="प्रतिलेखन (भाषाविज्ञान)" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transskribado_(linguistiko)" title="Transskribado (linguistiko) – ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Transskribado (linguistiko)" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transkripsi_(linguistik)" title="Transkripsi (linguistik) – indonesisk" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Transkripsi (linguistik)" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonesisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trascrizione" title="Trascrizione – italiensk" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Trascrizione" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="italiensk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he badge-Q70894304 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%AA%D7%A2%D7%AA%D7%99%D7%A7_%D7%94%D7%92%D7%90%D7%99%D7%9D" title="תעתיק הגאים – hebraisk" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="תעתיק הגאים" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="hebraisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A2%E1%83%A0%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%A1%E1%83%99%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98%E1%83%A4%E1%83%AA%E1%83%98%E1%83%90" title="ტრანსკრიფცია – georgisk" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ტრანსკრიფცია" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="georgisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transkr%C3%AEpsyon_(zimannas%C3%AE)" title="Transkrîpsyon (zimannasî) – kurdisk" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Transkrîpsyon (zimannasî)" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="kurdisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perra%C5%A1a" title="Perraša – litauisk" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Perraša" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="litauisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transcrive" title="Transcrive – lingua franca nova" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="Transcrive" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="lingua franca nova" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingua Franca Nova</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%81t%C3%ADr%C3%A1s_(nyelv%C3%A9szet)" title="Átírás (nyelvészet) – ungarsk" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Átírás (nyelvészet)" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="ungarsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BF%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0_(%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0)" title="Транскрипција (лингвистика) – makedonsk" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Транскрипција (лингвистика)" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="makedonsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transkripsi" title="Transkripsi – malayisk" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Transkripsi" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="malayisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mdf mw-list-item"><a href="https://mdf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BF%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F%D1%81%D1%8C_(%D0%BA%D1%8F%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BB%D1%83%D0%B2%D0%BA%D1%81%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0)" title="Транскрипциясь (кяльлувкссодама) – moksja" lang="mdf" hreflang="mdf" data-title="Транскрипциясь (кяльлувкссодама)" data-language-autonym="Мокшень" data-language-local-name="moksja" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Мокшень</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%A1%E1%80%9E%E1%80%B6%E1%80%96%E1%80%9C%E1%80%BE%E1%80%9A%E1%80%BA%E1%80%81%E1%80%BC%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%B8" title="အသံဖလှယ်ခြင်း – burmesisk" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="အသံဖလှယ်ခြင်း" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="burmesisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transcriptie_(taal)" title="Transcriptie (taal) – nederlandsk" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Transcriptie (taal)" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="nederlandsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%BB%A2%E5%86%99_(%E8%A8%80%E8%AA%9E%E5%AD%A6)" title="転写 (言語学) – japansk" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="転写 (言語学)" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mhr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mhr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BF%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B9_(%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0)" title="Транскрипций (лингвистика) – østmarisk" lang="mhr" hreflang="mhr" data-title="Транскрипций (лингвистика)" data-language-autonym="Олык марий" data-language-local-name="østmarisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Олык марий</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transkripsiya" title="Transkripsiya – usbekisk" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Transkripsiya" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="usbekisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%D9%BE%DB%8C_%D9%88%D9%B9%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%B1%D8%A7" title="لپی وٹاندرا – vestpunjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="لپی وٹاندرا" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="vestpunjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transkrypcja_(j%C4%99zykoznawstwo)" title="Transkrypcja (językoznawstwo) – polsk" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Transkrypcja (językoznawstwo)" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="polsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transcri%C3%A7%C3%A3o_(lingu%C3%ADstica)" title="Transcrição (linguística) – portugisisk" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Transcrição (linguística)" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugisisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transcriere_(lingvistic%C4%83)" title="Transcriere (lingvistică) – rumensk" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Transcriere (lingvistică)" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="rumensk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BF%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F_(%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0)" title="Транскрипция (лингвистика) – russisk" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Транскрипция (лингвистика)" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="russisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D1%8D%D0%B9%D1%8D_%D0%B1%D1%8D%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%8D%D0%BB%D1%8D%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%8D%D0%BD_%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B1%D1%83%D0%B9%D1%83%D1%83_(%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0)" title="Бэйэ бэлиэлэринэн солбуйуу (лингвистика) – sakha" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Бэйэ бэлиэлэринэн солбуйуу (лингвистика)" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="sakha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transkriptimi" title="Transkriptimi – albansk" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Transkriptimi" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="albansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transcription_(linguistics)" title="Transcription (linguistics) – enkel engelsk" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Transcription (linguistics)" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="enkel engelsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transkripcia_(jazykoveda)" title="Transkripcia (jazykoveda) – slovakisk" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Transkripcia (jazykoveda)" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="slovakisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BF%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0" title="Транскрипција – serbisk" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Транскрипција" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="serbisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%96%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%94%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%87" title="การถอดเสียง – thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="การถอดเสียง" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%88%D1%82" title="Таронивишт – tadsjikisk" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Таронивишт" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="tadsjikisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transkripsiyon_(dilbilim)" title="Transkripsiyon (dilbilim) – tyrkisk" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Transkripsiyon (dilbilim)" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="tyrkisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BF%D1%86%D1%96%D1%8F_(%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%B2%D1%96%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0)" title="Транскрипція (лінгвістика) – ukrainsk" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Транскрипція (лінгвістика)" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ukrainsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%BD%89%E9%8C%84_(%E8%AA%9E%E8%A8%80%E5%AD%B8)" title="轉錄 (語言學) – kinesisk" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="轉錄 (語言學)" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="kinesisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q207714#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Rediger lenker til artikkelen på andre språk" class="wbc-editpage">Rediger lenker</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Navnerom"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Transkripsjon_(spr%C3%A5kvitenskap)" title="Vis innholdssiden [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Artikkel</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="new vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Diskusjon:Transkripsjon_(spr%C3%A5kvitenskap)&action=edit&redlink=1" rel="discussion" class="new" title="Diskusjon om innholdssiden (ikke skrevet ennå) [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Diskusjon</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Bytt språkvariant" 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href="/w/index.php?title=Transkripsjon_(spr%C3%A5kvitenskap)&veaction=edit" title="Rediger siden [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Rediger</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="collapsible vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Transkripsjon_(spr%C3%A5kvitenskap)&action=edit" title="Rediger kildekoden for denne siden [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Rediger kilde</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Transkripsjon_(spr%C3%A5kvitenskap)&action=history" title="Tidligere sideversjoner av denne siden [h]" accesskey="h"><span>Vis historikk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Sideverktøy"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " 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data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">flytt til sidefeltet</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">skjul</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="Flere alternativer" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Handlinger </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Transkripsjon_(spr%C3%A5kvitenskap)"><span>Les</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-ve-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Transkripsjon_(spr%C3%A5kvitenskap)&veaction=edit" title="Rediger siden [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Rediger</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="collapsible vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Transkripsjon_(spr%C3%A5kvitenskap)&action=edit" title="Rediger kildekoden for denne siden [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Rediger kilde</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Transkripsjon_(spr%C3%A5kvitenskap)&action=history"><span>Vis historikk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Generelt </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Spesial:Lenker_hit/Transkripsjon_(spr%C3%A5kvitenskap)" title="Liste over alle wikisider som lenker hit [j]" accesskey="j"><span>Lenker hit</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Spesial:Relaterte_endringer/Transkripsjon_(spr%C3%A5kvitenskap)" rel="nofollow" title="Siste endringer i sider som blir lenket fra denne siden [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Relaterte endringer</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:UploadWizard?uselang=no" title="Last opp filer [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Last opp fil</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Spesial:Spesialsider" title="Liste over alle spesialsider [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Spesialsider</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Transkripsjon_(spr%C3%A5kvitenskap)&oldid=24551842" title="Permanent lenke til denne versjonen av siden"><span>Permanent lenke</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Transkripsjon_(spr%C3%A5kvitenskap)&action=info" title="Mer informasjon om denne siden"><span>Sideinformasjon</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spesial:Siteringshjelp&page=Transkripsjon_%28spr%C3%A5kvitenskap%29&id=24551842&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" 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Sistnevnte er vanlig i <a href="/w/index.php?title=Samtaleanalyse&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Samtaleanalyse (ikke skrevet ennå)">samtaleanalyse</a> innenfor fagfeltet <a href="/w/index.php?title=Anvendt_spr%C3%A5kvitenskap&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Anvendt språkvitenskap (ikke skrevet ennå)">anvendt språkvitenskap</a>, fordi en nedskrevet samtale letter analysearbeidet. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Ulike_transkripsjonssystem">Ulike transkripsjonssystem</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Transkripsjon_(spr%C3%A5kvitenskap)&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Rediger avsnitt: Ulike transkripsjonssystem" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>rediger</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Transkripsjon_(spr%C3%A5kvitenskap)&action=edit&section=1" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Ulike transkripsjonssystem"><span>rediger kilde</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>For å kunne analysere på <a href="/w/index.php?title=Mikroniv%C3%A5&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mikronivå (ikke skrevet ennå)">mikronivå</a>, holder det ikke å skrive ned ordene som blir sagt. Ut fra <a href="/wiki/Forskning" title="Forskning">forskningens</a> formål og <a href="/wiki/Analyse" title="Analyse">analysens</a> fokus kan det være nødvendig å markere alt fra trykksterke stavelser til nølende lydforlenginger. Ulike språkforskere har arbeidet frem forskjellige systemer for transkripsjon, og disse settene av symboler kalles <i>transkripsjonsnøkler</i>. Vanlig praksis er å velge ut det fra transkripsjonsnøkkelen som er relevant for ens eget prosjekt, og det hender også at samtaleforskere blander symboler fra ulike systemer, om dette tjener deres arbeid. Det bør likevel noteres bak øret at enhver transkripsjon av en muntlig samtale er en reduksjon av samtalen siden det er tilnærmet umulig å få med alle detaljene fra en samtale på et papir. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Du_Bois-systemet">Du Bois-systemet</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Transkripsjon_(spr%C3%A5kvitenskap)&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Rediger avsnitt: Du Bois-systemet" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>rediger</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Transkripsjon_(spr%C3%A5kvitenskap)&action=edit&section=2" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Du Bois-systemet"><span>rediger kilde</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Dette transkripsjonssystemet er utviklet av <a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Du_Bois&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="John Du Bois (ikke skrevet ennå)">John Du Bois</a> (m. fl.), og brukes av blant andre <a href="/wiki/Jan_Svennevig" title="Jan Svennevig">Jan Svennevig</a>. </p><p>I Du Bois' system er talestrømmen inndelt etter <a href="/wiki/Intonasjonsenhet" title="Intonasjonsenhet">intonasjonsenheter</a>, med én intonasjonsenhet på hver linje. Etter hver intonasjonsenhet er det en markering av intonasjonskontur (hevdende, spørrende eller fortsettende). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Transkripsjonsnøkkel"><span id="Transkripsjonsn.C3.B8kkel"></span>Transkripsjonsnøkkel</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Transkripsjon_(spr%C3%A5kvitenskap)&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Rediger avsnitt: Transkripsjonsnøkkel" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>rediger</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Transkripsjon_(spr%C3%A5kvitenskap)&action=edit&section=3" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Transkripsjonsnøkkel"><span>rediger kilde</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Listen nedenfor er hentet fra en innføringsbok<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> i språklig samhandling, ført i pennen av Jan Svennevig. </p> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Tegn</th> <th>Betydning </th></tr> <tr> <td>&</td> <td>inneværende intonasjonsenhet fortsetter på neste linje </td></tr> <tr> <td>.</td> <td>fallende intonasjonskontur (såkalt «hevdende» intonasjonskontur) </td></tr> <tr> <td>?</td> <td>stigende intonasjonskontur («spørrende») </td></tr> <tr> <td>,</td> <td>svakt stigende, svakt fallende eller flat kontur («fortsettelse») </td></tr> <tr> <td>..</td> <td>kort pause (under 0,3 sekunder) </td></tr> <tr> <td>...</td> <td>mellomlang pause (0,3 - 0,6 sekund) </td></tr> <tr> <td>...(1,2)</td> <td>lengre pause (målt i tidels sekunder) </td></tr> <tr> <td>(0)</td> <td>turskifte uten pause </td></tr> <tr> <td>=</td> <td>forlenging av lyd </td></tr> <tr> <td>'ord</td> <td>trykksterkt ord (eller stavelse) </td></tr> <tr> <td>!ord</td> <td>emfatisk trykk (når noe fremheves ekstra) </td></tr> <tr> <td>[ord], [ord]<br />(vertikalt parallelle klammer)</td> <td>overlappende tale </td></tr> <tr> <td>[[ord]], [[ord]]<br />(indekserte klammer ved flere nærliggende tilfeller)</td> <td>overlappende tale </td></tr> <tr> <td>-</td> <td>avbrutt ord </td></tr> <tr> <td>--</td> <td>avbrutt intonasjonsenhet </td></tr> <tr> <td>(H)</td> <td>innpust </td></tr> <tr> <td>(Hx)</td> <td>utpust </td></tr> <tr> <td><H ord H></td> <td>tale på innpust </td></tr> <tr> <td>(HOST)</td> <td>ikke-språklige lyder fra <a href="/w/index.php?title=Taleapparat&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Taleapparat (ikke skrevet ennå)">taleapparatet</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>@</td> <td>latter (ett tegn for hver «latterstavelse») </td></tr> <tr> <td><@ ord @></td> <td>latterkvalitet på stemmen (leende eller lattermild tale) </td></tr> <tr> <td><MRC ord MRC></td> <td>marcato uttale </td></tr> <tr> <td><EMF ord EMF></td> <td>emfatisk uttale </td></tr> <tr> <td><SIT ord SIT></td> <td>sitatstemme, som når man etterligner noen, eller «og da sa han ...») </td></tr> <tr> <td><F ord F></td> <td>høy stemmestyrke («forte») </td></tr> <tr> <td><P ord P></td> <td>lav stemmestyrke («piano») </td></tr> <tr> <td><A ord A></td> <td>høyt tempo («allegro») </td></tr> <tr> <td><L ord L></td> <td>lavt tempo («lento») </td></tr> <tr> <td><HI ord HI></td> <td>høyt toneleie (i betydningen <i>lyst</i>) </td></tr> <tr> <td><LO ord LO></td> <td>lavt toneleie (i betydningen <i>mørkt</i>) </td></tr> <tr> <td>X</td> <td>uhørbar stavelse </td></tr> <tr> <td><X ord X></td> <td>usikker transkripsjon </td></tr> <tr> <td>/o:r/</td> <td>fonetisk transkripsjon </td></tr> <tr> <td>((PEKER))</td> <td>ikkespråklig handling, eller annen kommentar til transkripsjonen </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Eksempel_på_transkripsjon"><span id="Eksempel_p.C3.A5_transkripsjon"></span>Eksempel på transkripsjon</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Transkripsjon_(spr%C3%A5kvitenskap)&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Rediger avsnitt: Eksempel på transkripsjon" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>rediger</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Transkripsjon_(spr%C3%A5kvitenskap)&action=edit&section=4" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Eksempel på transkripsjon"><span>rediger kilde</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Nedenfor følger et utdrag fra <a href="/wiki/Radio" title="Radio">radioprogrammet</a> <i>Ring inn musikken</i> på <a href="/wiki/NRK" title="NRK">NRK</a>. Samtalen er mellom innringer (I) og programleder (P). Transkripsjonen er gjort ut fra transkripsjonsnøkkelen foreslått av Du Bois, og er utført av studenter ved Språklig kommunikasjon ved <a href="/wiki/NTNU" class="mw-redirect" title="NTNU">NTNU</a>. </p> <pre>P: det 'er noe 'helt -- (H) har du 'opplevd Bartoli 'live noen gang? I: .. 'nei. ... 'faktisk, men 'det det skjønner jeg at det !må jeg. P: .. ja, I: [ja.] P: [e=] hun er <MRC det mest -- MRC> jeg har aldri opplevd 'noen som er så ti- de grader <MRC ett hundre prosent .. topp engasjert, MRC> asså i maken til 'smittende (H) m- e <EMF musikkformidlingsglede EMF> oppi all sangen har jeg 'aldri vært med på. [(H)] I: (0) [<X nei X> ja.] P: [[så --]] I: [[det]] er jo det s- <X om er vi X> 'dunderlig med k- med all kunst, og spesielt 'sang at man kan -- (H) lissom, det 'bobler over du kan -- og det 'kan -- du kan 'rekke e=, så lenge du er i 'live da, (H) rekke mennesker e i- i- inn i 'hjertet med -- med -- med en sånn 'glede som hun br- 'overbringer på den måten altså, P: [(H) <P e, P>] I: [(H)] P: [[e,]] I: [[jeg syns]] det er 'helt -- e= det er 'helt .. 'herlig altså. P: (0) 'ja. men= det er jo synd ikke 'du får høre den på 'live her på NRK da? I: (0) ja, @@ <@ men jeg 'skal nok 'setten på, @> jeg 'harn, @ med en gang jeg <@ 'legger på røret, så skal jeg 'setten på her og @> og 'ta meg en svingom alts[å.] P: [ja.] </pre> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Jefferson-systemet">Jefferson-systemet</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Transkripsjon_(spr%C3%A5kvitenskap)&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Rediger avsnitt: Jefferson-systemet" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>rediger</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Transkripsjon_(spr%C3%A5kvitenskap)&action=edit&section=5" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Jefferson-systemet"><span>rediger kilde</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Dette transkripsjonssystemet er utviklet av <a href="/w/index.php?title=Gail_Jefferson&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gail Jefferson (ikke skrevet ennå)">Gail Jefferson</a>, og brukes gjerne innenfor retningen <a href="/w/index.php?title=Konversasjonsanalyse&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Konversasjonsanalyse (ikke skrevet ennå)">konversasjonsanalyse</a>, fordi det er spesielt utviklet med tanke på å fange opp sekvensielle trekk ved samtalene.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Systemet er blant annet benyttet av storheter på fagfeltet som <a href="/w/index.php?title=Deborah_Cameron&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Deborah Cameron (ikke skrevet ennå)">Deborah Cameron</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Paul_ten_Have&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Paul ten Have (ikke skrevet ennå)">Paul ten Have</a> og <a href="/w/index.php?title=Catrin_Norrby&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Catrin Norrby (ikke skrevet ennå)">Catrin Norrby</a>, og disse er også blant dem som har vært med på å videreutvikle symbolbruken. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Transkripsjonsnøkkel_2"><span id="Transkripsjonsn.C3.B8kkel_2"></span>Transkripsjonsnøkkel</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Transkripsjon_(spr%C3%A5kvitenskap)&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Rediger avsnitt: Transkripsjonsnøkkel" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>rediger</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Transkripsjon_(spr%C3%A5kvitenskap)&action=edit&section=6" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Transkripsjonsnøkkel"><span>rediger kilde</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Listen nedenfor er i all hovedsak hentet fra ten Have<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>, og er en skjematisk samling av beskrivelsene fra Jefferson og hennes etterfølgere. Oversikten inneholder bare de mest brukte konvensjonene, og avvik vil som alltid kunne foreligge i den enkelte forskers transkripsjonsnøkkel. </p> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Tegn</th> <th>Betydning </th></tr> <tr> <td>.</td> <td>fallende intonasjonskontur </td></tr> <tr> <td>?</td> <td>stigende intonasjonskontur </td></tr> <tr> <td>,</td> <td>fortsettende intonasjonskontur, som når du leser opp en liste </td></tr> <tr> <td>(0.7)</td> <td>0,7 sekunders pause </td></tr> <tr> <td>(.)</td> <td>Bitteliten pause </td></tr> <tr> <td>:</td> <td>forlengelse av foregående lyd </td></tr> <tr> <td>::</td> <td>ytterligere forlenging </td></tr> <tr> <td><u>ord</u></td> <td>trykksterkt ord eller stavelse </td></tr> <tr> <td>[ord], [ord]<br />(vertikalt parallelle klammer)</td> <td>overlappende tale </td></tr> <tr> <td>²[ord], [ord]²<br />nummererte klammer ved flere nærliggende tilfeller</td> <td>overlappende tale </td></tr> <tr> <td>-</td> <td>avbrutt tale </td></tr> <tr> <td>(.hh)</td> <td>innpust </td></tr> <tr> <td>(hh)</td> <td>utpust </td></tr> <tr> <td>o(h)rd</td> <td>en (h), enten alene eller inne i ord, indikerer mye luft, som kan opptre ved f.eks. <a href="/wiki/Latter" title="Latter">latter</a> eller <a href="/wiki/Gr%C3%A5t" title="Gråt">gråt</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>*ord*</td> <td>lattermild tale </td></tr> <tr> <td>°ord°</td> <td>lav stemmestyrke </td></tr> <tr> <td>+ord+</td> <td>høy stemmestyrke<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>ORD</td> <td>høy stemmestyrke </td></tr> <tr> <td>↑ (pil opp)</td> <td>stigende intonasjon i ytringsdelen som følger etter tegnet </td></tr> <tr> <td>↓ (pil ned)</td> <td>synkende intonasjon i ytringsdelen som følger etter tegnet </td></tr> <tr> <td><kanskje det></td> <td>sakte snakk </td></tr> <tr> <td>>kanskje det<</td> <td>raskt snakk </td></tr> <tr> <td>()</td> <td>uhørbart<br /><i>Lengden av parentesen indikerer lengden til det utranskiberte snakket.<br />Er tegnet plassert i talerfeltet, betyr det at man ikke kan høre hvem som kommer med tilhørende ytring.</i> </td></tr> <tr> <td>(ord)</td> <td>usikker transkripsjon </td></tr> <tr> <td>(peker)</td> <td>beskrivelser av ikkespråklige handlinger, og andre kommentarer </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Eksempel_på_transkripsjon_2"><span id="Eksempel_p.C3.A5_transkripsjon_2"></span>Eksempel på transkripsjon</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Transkripsjon_(spr%C3%A5kvitenskap)&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Rediger avsnitt: Eksempel på transkripsjon" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>rediger</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Transkripsjon_(spr%C3%A5kvitenskap)&action=edit&section=7" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Eksempel på transkripsjon"><span>rediger kilde</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Eksemplet nedenfor er Gail Jeffersons egen transkripsjon<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> av en telefonsamtale. </p> <pre> M: <u>I</u> says well it's funny<u>:</u> M<u>i</u>ssi:z uh: ↑<u>Schmidt</u> ih y<u>o</u>u'd think she'd help< .hhh <u>W</u>ell (.) M<u>i</u>ssiz Sch<u>m</u>idt was the one <u>s</u>he: (0.2) a<u>ssu</u>med res<u>p</u>onsi<u>bil</u>ity for the thr<u>e</u>e <u>sp</u>ecials. (0.6) B: O<u>h</u>↓*::. °°<u>M</u>-hm, °°= M: =M<u>a</u>ybe<u>:</u>lle ↑t<u>o</u>ld me this. B: <u>A</u>h ↓hah, (1.2) °<u>U</u>h-hah, ° .hh Isn't ↑h<u>e</u>r name j<u>u</u>:t pl<u>a</u>in Smi<u>:</u>th? (0.7) M: Sch<u>midt</u>.h (1.2) B: Oh <u>I</u> thought it was j<u>u</u>st S-m-i-<u>t</u>-<u>h</u>:. M: <u>No</u> I think it's S-<u>c</u>-h-m-i-d-<u>t</u>, <u>some</u>thing like that it's just Sch↑m<u>i</u>↓:dt. (0.3) B: <u>A</u>h hah. </pre> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Referanser">Referanser</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Transkripsjon_(spr%C3%A5kvitenskap)&veaction=edit&section=8" title="Rediger avsnitt: Referanser" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>rediger</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Transkripsjon_(spr%C3%A5kvitenskap)&action=edit&section=8" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Referanser"><span>rediger kilde</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"> <cite class="citation book"><a href="/wiki/Jan_Svennevig" title="Jan Svennevig">Jan Svennevig</a> (2001). <i>Språklig samhandling. Innføring i kommunikasjonsteori og diskursanalyse</i>. Oslo: Landslaget for Norskundervisning, <a href="/wiki/Cappelen" title="Cappelen">Cappelen</a> Akademisk Forlag. s. 9f. <a href="/wiki/ISBN" title="ISBN">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Spesial:Bokkilder/82-02-19876-3" title="Spesial:Bokkilder/82-02-19876-3">82-02-19876-3</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fno.wikipedia.org%3ATranskripsjon+%28spr%C3%A5kvitenskap%29&rft.au=Jan+Svennevig&rft.btitle=Spr%C3%A5klig+samhandling.+Innf%C3%B8ring+i+kommunikasjonsteori+og+diskursanalyse&rft.date=2001&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=82-02-19876-3&rft.pages=9f&rft.place=Oslo&rft.pub=Landslaget+for+Norskundervisning%2C+Cappelen+Akademisk+Forlag&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Paul_ten_Have&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Paul ten Have (ikke skrevet ennå)">Paul ten Have</a> (1999). <i>Doing Conversation Analysis. A practical guide</i>. London: Sage Publications. s. 78. <a href="/wiki/ISBN" title="ISBN">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Spesial:Bokkilder/0-7619-5586-0" title="Spesial:Bokkilder/0-7619-5586-0">0-7619-5586-0</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fno.wikipedia.org%3ATranskripsjon+%28spr%C3%A5kvitenskap%29&rft.au=Paul+ten+Have&rft.btitle=Doing+Conversation+Analysis.+A+practical+guide.&rft.date=1999&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=0-7619-5586-0&rft.pages=78&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Sage+Publications&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"> <cite class="citation book"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Paul_ten_Have&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Paul ten Have (ikke skrevet ennå)">Paul ten Have</a> (1999). <i>Doing Conversation Analysis. A practical guide</i>. London: Sage Publications. s. 213f. <a href="/wiki/ISBN" title="ISBN">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Spesial:Bokkilder/0-7619-5586-0" title="Spesial:Bokkilder/0-7619-5586-0">0-7619-5586-0</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fno.wikipedia.org%3ATranskripsjon+%28spr%C3%A5kvitenskap%29&rft.au=Paul+ten+Have&rft.btitle=Doing+Conversation+Analysis.+A+practical+guide.&rft.date=1999&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=0-7619-5586-0&rft.pages=213f&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Sage+Publications&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Catrin_Norrby&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Catrin Norrby (ikke skrevet ennå)">Catrin Norrby</a> (1996). <i>Samtalsanalys</i>. Lund: Studentlitteratur. s. 88-89. <a href="/wiki/ISBN" title="ISBN">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Spesial:Bokkilder/91-44-00105-3" title="Spesial:Bokkilder/91-44-00105-3">91-44-00105-3</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fno.wikipedia.org%3ATranskripsjon+%28spr%C3%A5kvitenskap%29&rft.au=Catrin+Norrby&rft.btitle=Samtalsanalys&rft.date=1996&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=91-44-00105-3&rft.pages=88-89&rft.place=Lund&rft.pub=Studentlitteratur&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"> <cite class="citation journal"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gail_Jefferson&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gail Jefferson (ikke skrevet ennå)">Gail Jefferson</a> (1989). «Preliminary notes on a possible metric which provides for a "standard maximum" silence of approximately one second in conversation». <i>Conversation: an interdiciplinary perpective</i> (166-96): 171-172.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fno.wikipedia.org%3ATranskripsjon+%28spr%C3%A5kvitenskap%29&rft.atitle=Preliminary+notes+on+a+possible+metric+which+provides+for+a+%22standard+maximum%22+silence+of+approximately+one+second+in+conversation&rft.au=Gail+Jefferson&rft.date=1989&rft.genre=article&rft.issue=166-96&rft.jtitle=Conversation%3A+an+interdiciplinary+perpective&rft.pages=171-172&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Eksterne_lenker">Eksterne lenker</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Transkripsjon_(spr%C3%A5kvitenskap)&veaction=edit&section=9" title="Rediger avsnitt: Eksterne lenker" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>rediger</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Transkripsjon_(spr%C3%A5kvitenskap)&action=edit&section=9" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Eksterne lenker"><span>rediger kilde</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li> <span class="bjeller languageicon" style="color: var(--color-subtle, #54595d);cursor:help;" title="engelsk">(en)</span> <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Transcription_(linguistics)" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Transcription (linguistics)">Transcription (linguistics)</a> – kategori av bilder, video eller lyd på <a href="/wiki/Wikimedia_Commons" title="Wikimedia Commons">Commons</a> <span class="noprint plainlinks wikidata-linkback wd_p373"><span class="mw-valign-text-top" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207714?uselang=nb#P373" title="Rediger på Wikidata"><img alt="Rediger på Wikidata" 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