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aria-label="Menuya esasî" > <label id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-label" for="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-menu mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-menu"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Menuya esasî</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-main-menu" class="vector-main-menu vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-main-menu-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="main-menu-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-main-menu" data-pinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Menuya esasî</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">Here menuya kêlekê</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">veşêre</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Navîgasyon </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage-description" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Destp%C3%AAk" title="Here Destpêkê [z]" accesskey="z"><span>Destpêk · Sereta</span></a></li><li id="n-currentevents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portal:B%C3%BByer%C3%AAn_rojane" title="Der barê bûyerên dawî de agahiyên nûjen bibîne"><span>Bûyerên rojane</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Taybet:R%C3%BBpela_tesaduf%C3%AE" title="Rûpeleke ketober bar bike [x]" accesskey="x"><span>Rûpeleke ketober</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-Beşdarî" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-Beşdarî" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Beşdarî </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/W%C3%AEk%C3%AEpediya:Portala_kom%C3%AA" title="Agahdarî li ser projeyê, tu dikarî çi bikî, tu dikarî tiştan li ku bibînî"><span>Portala komê</span></a></li><li id="n-Dîwana-Wîkîpediyayê" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/W%C3%AEk%C3%AEpediya:D%C3%AEwan"><span>Dîwana Wîkîpediyayê</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Taybet:Guhertin%C3%AAn_daw%C3%AE" title="Lîsteya guhartinên dawî di vê wîkiyê de [r]" accesskey="r"><span>Guhartinên dawî</span></a></li><li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/W%C3%AEk%C3%AEpediya:Al%C3%AEkar%C3%AE" title="Bersivên ji bo pirsên te."><span>Alîkarî</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Destp%C3%AAk" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Wîkîpediya" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-ku.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="Ensîklopediya azad" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-ku.svg" width="112" height="14" style="width: 7em; height: 0.875em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/Taybet:L%C3%AAger%C3%AEn" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Li ser Wîkîpediyayê bigere [f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Lêgerîn</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Li ser Wîkîpediyayê bigere" aria-label="Li ser Wîkîpediyayê bigere" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Li ser Wîkîpediyayê bigere [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Taybet:Lêgerîn"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Lêgerîn</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Amûrên kesane"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Xuyakirin"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Change the appearance of the page's font size, width, and color" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Xuyakirin" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Xuyakirin</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_ku.wikipedia.org&uselang=ku" class=""><span>Bexş bike</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Taybet:CreateAccount&returnto=Ziman%C3%AA+polon%C3%AE" title="Em pêşniyar dikin ku tu ji xwe re hesabek çêbikî û bi wê hesabê têkevî, lêbelê ev ne mecbûrî ye." class=""><span>Hesabekî çêke</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Taybet:UserLogin&returnto=Ziman%C3%AA+polon%C3%AE" title="Têketina we dê baş be; lê belê, lê pêwîstî tune ye. [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Têkeve</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Zêdetir opsiyon" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Amûrên kesane" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Amûrên kesane</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="User menu" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_ku.wikipedia.org&uselang=ku"><span>Bexş bike</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Taybet:CreateAccount&returnto=Ziman%C3%AA+polon%C3%AE" title="Em pêşniyar dikin ku tu ji xwe re hesabek çêbikî û bi wê hesabê têkevî, lêbelê ev ne mecbûrî ye."><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Hesabekî çêke</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Taybet:UserLogin&returnto=Ziman%C3%AA+polon%C3%AE" title="Têketina we dê baş be; lê belê, lê pêwîstî tune ye. [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Têkeve</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Rûpelên ji bo edîtorên derketî <a href="/wiki/Al%C3%AEkar%C3%AE:Gav%C3%AAn_p%C3%AA%C5%9F%C3%AEn" aria-label="Di derbarê guhartinê de zêdetir hîn bibe"><span>Zêdetir hîn bibe</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Taybet:MyContributions" title="Lîsteyeke guhartinên ji vê IP adresê [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Beşdariyên min</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Taybet:MyTalk" title="Discussion about edits from this IP address [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Gotûbêj</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Malper"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Naverok" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Naverok</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">Here menuya kêlekê</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">veşêre</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Destpêk</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Dîrok" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Dîrok"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Dîrok</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Dîrok-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Alfabe" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Alfabe"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Alfabe</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Alfabe-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Belavbûna_erdnîgarî" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Belavbûna_erdnîgarî"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Belavbûna erdnîgarî</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Belavbûna_erdnîgarî-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Zaravayên_polonî" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Zaravayên_polonî"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Zaravayên polonî</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Zaravayên_polonî-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Çavkanî" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Çavkanî"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Çavkanî</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Çavkanî-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Girêdanên_derve" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Girêdanên_derve"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Girêdanên derve</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Girêdanên_derve-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Naverok" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Tabloya naverokê bigre/veke" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Tabloya naverokê bigre/veke</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Zimanê polonî</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Here gotareke bi zimanekî din. Bi 197 zimanan heye." > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-197" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Bi 197 zimanên din</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ab mw-list-item"><a href="https://ab.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BA_%D0%B1%D1%8B%D0%B7%D1%88%D3%99%D0%B0" title="Аполиак бызшәа – abxazî" lang="ab" hreflang="ab" data-title="Аполиак бызшәа" data-language-autonym="Аԥсшәа" data-language-local-name="abxazî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Аԥсшәа</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pools" title="Pools – afrîkansî" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Pools" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="afrîkansî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polnische_Sprache" title="Polnische Sprache – elmanîşî" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Polnische Sprache" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="elmanîşî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8D%96%E1%88%8D%E1%8A%9B" title="ፖልኛ – amharî" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="ፖልኛ" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="amharî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Idioma_polaco" title="Idioma polaco – aragonî" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Idioma polaco" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="aragonî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ang mw-list-item"><a href="https://ang.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polisc_spr%C7%A3c" title="Polisc sprǣc – Old English" lang="ang" hreflang="ang" data-title="Polisc sprǣc" data-language-autonym="Ænglisc" data-language-local-name="Old English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ænglisc</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-anp mw-list-item"><a href="https://anp.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B6_%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BE" title="पोलिश भाषा – angîkayî" lang="anp" hreflang="anp" data-title="पोलिश भाषा" data-language-autonym="अंगिका" data-language-local-name="angîkayî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>अंगिका</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%84%D8%BA%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8%D9%88%D9%84%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%8A%D8%A9" title="اللغة البولندية – erebî" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="اللغة البولندية" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="erebî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arc mw-list-item"><a href="https://arc.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DC%A0%DC%AB%DC%A2%DC%90_%DC%A6%DC%98%DC%A0%DC%A2%DC%95%DC%9D%DC%90" title="ܠܫܢܐ ܦܘܠܢܕܝܐ – Aramaic" lang="arc" hreflang="arc" data-title="ܠܫܢܐ ܦܘܠܢܕܝܐ" data-language-autonym="ܐܪܡܝܐ" data-language-local-name="Aramaic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ܐܪܡܝܐ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ary mw-list-item"><a href="https://ary.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%D9%BE%D9%88%D9%84%D9%88%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%A9" title="لپولونية – Moroccan Arabic" lang="ary" hreflang="ary" data-title="لپولونية" data-language-autonym="الدارجة" data-language-local-name="Moroccan Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>الدارجة</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%D8%BA%D9%87_%D8%A8%D9%88%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%89" title="لغه بولاندى – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="لغه بولاندى" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Idioma_polacu" title="Idioma polacu – astûrî" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Idioma polacu" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="astûrî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-av mw-list-item"><a href="https://av.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%BB_%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%86%D3%80" title="Пол мацӀ – avarî" lang="av" hreflang="av" data-title="Пол мацӀ" data-language-autonym="Авар" data-language-local-name="avarî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Авар</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-avk mw-list-item"><a href="https://avk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polskava" title="Polskava – Kotava" lang="avk" hreflang="avk" data-title="Polskava" data-language-autonym="Kotava" data-language-local-name="Kotava" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kotava</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polyak_dili" title="Polyak dili – azerî" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Polyak dili" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="azerî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%D9%87%DB%8C%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86_%D8%AF%DB%8C%D9%84%DB%8C" title="لهیستان دیلی – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="لهیستان دیلی" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8F%D0%BA_%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5" title="Поляк теле – başkîrî" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Поляк теле" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="başkîrî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ban mw-list-item"><a href="https://ban.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basa_Polandia" title="Basa Polandia – balînî" lang="ban" hreflang="ban" data-title="Basa Polandia" data-language-autonym="Basa Bali" data-language-local-name="balînî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Bali</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poinische_Sproch" title="Poinische Sproch – Bavarian" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="Poinische Sproch" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="Bavarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Boarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C4%97nku_kalba" title="Lėnku kalba – Samogitian" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="Lėnku kalba" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="Samogitian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Žemaitėška</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0" title="Польская мова – belarusî" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Польская мова" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="belarusî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0" title="Польская мова – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Польская мова" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA" title="Полски език – bulgarî" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Полски език" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="bulgarî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B6_%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BE" title="पोलिश भाषा – Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="पोलिश भाषा" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>भोजपुरी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AA%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%B2%E0%A7%80%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC_%E0%A6%AD%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B7%E0%A6%BE" title="পোলীয় ভাষা – bengalî" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="পোলীয় ভাষা" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="bengalî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bo mw-list-item"><a href="https://bo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BD%95%E0%BD%BC%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%A3%E0%BD%93%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%A6%E0%BE%90%E0%BD%91%E0%BC%8D" title="ཕོ་ལན་སྐད། – tîbetî" lang="bo" hreflang="bo" data-title="ཕོ་ལན་སྐད།" data-language-autonym="བོད་ཡིག" data-language-local-name="tîbetî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>བོད་ཡིག</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poloneg" title="Poloneg – bretonî" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Poloneg" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="bretonî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poljski_jezik" title="Poljski jezik – bosnî" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Poljski jezik" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="bosnî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bxr mw-list-item"><a href="https://bxr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%88%D0%BE_%D1%85%D1%8D%D0%BB%D1%8D%D0%BD" title="Польшо хэлэн – Russia Buriat" lang="bxr" hreflang="bxr" data-title="Польшо хэлэн" data-language-autonym="Буряад" data-language-local-name="Russia Buriat" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Буряад</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polon%C3%A8s" title="Polonès – katalanî" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Polonès" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="katalanî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/P%C5%8F%CC%A4-l%C3%A0ng-ng%E1%B9%B3%CC%84" title="Pŏ̤-làng-ngṳ̄ – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Pŏ̤-làng-ngṳ̄" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8F%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9%D0%BD_%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%82%D1%82" title="Полякийн мотт – çeçenî" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Полякийн мотт" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="çeçenî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pinulongang_Polako" title="Pinulongang Polako – sebwanoyî" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Pinulongang Polako" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="sebwanoyî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B2%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C_%D9%BE%DB%86%DA%B5%DB%95%D9%86%D8%AF%DB%8C" title="زمانی پۆڵەندی – soranî" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="زمانی پۆڵەندی" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="soranî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-co mw-list-item"><a href="https://co.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingua_pulacca" title="Lingua pulacca – korsîkayî" lang="co" hreflang="co" data-title="Lingua pulacca" data-language-autonym="Corsu" data-language-local-name="korsîkayî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Corsu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-crh mw-list-item"><a href="https://crh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leh_tili" title="Leh tili – Crimean Tatar" lang="crh" hreflang="crh" data-title="Leh tili" data-language-autonym="Qırımtatarca" data-language-local-name="Crimean Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qırımtatarca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pol%C5%A1tina" title="Polština – çekî" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Polština" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="çekî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-csb mw-list-item"><a href="https://csb.wikipedia.org/wiki/P%C3%B2lsczi_j%C3%A3z%C3%ABk" title="Pòlsczi jãzëk – Kashubian" lang="csb" hreflang="csb" data-title="Pòlsczi jãzëk" data-language-autonym="Kaszëbsczi" data-language-local-name="Kashubian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kaszëbsczi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cu mw-list-item"><a href="https://cu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%BB%D2%84%D1%8C%D1%81%D0%BA%D1%8A_%D1%A9%EA%99%81%EA%99%91%D0%BA%D1%8A" title="Пол҄ьскъ ѩꙁꙑкъ – slaviya kenîseyî" lang="cu" hreflang="cu" data-title="Пол҄ьскъ ѩꙁꙑкъ" data-language-autonym="Словѣньскъ / ⰔⰎⰑⰂⰡⰐⰠⰔⰍⰟ" data-language-local-name="slaviya kenîseyî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Словѣньскъ / ⰔⰎⰑⰂⰡⰐⰠⰔⰍⰟ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8F%D0%BA_%D1%87%C4%95%D0%BB%D1%85%D0%B8" title="Поляк чĕлхи – çuvaşî" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Поляк чĕлхи" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="çuvaşî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pwyleg" title="Pwyleg – weylsî" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Pwyleg" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="weylsî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polsk_(sprog)" title="Polsk (sprog) – danmarkî" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Polsk (sprog)" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="danmarkî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polnische_Sprache" title="Polnische Sprache – almanî" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Polnische Sprache" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="almanî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polonki" title="Polonki – Zazaki" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Polonki" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Zazaki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://dsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/P%C3%B3l%C5%A1%C4%87ina" title="Pólšćina – sorbiya jêrîn" lang="dsb" hreflang="dsb" data-title="Pólšćina" data-language-autonym="Dolnoserbski" data-language-local-name="sorbiya jêrîn" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dolnoserbski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dv mw-list-item"><a href="https://dv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DE%8D%DE%A6%DE%80%DE%A8%DE%90%DE%B0%DE%8C%DE%A7%DE%82%DE%A9" title="ލަހިސްތާނީ – divehî" lang="dv" hreflang="dv" data-title="ލަހިސްތާނީ" data-language-autonym="ދިވެހިބަސް" data-language-local-name="divehî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ދިވެހިބަސް</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ee mw-list-item"><a href="https://ee.wikipedia.org/wiki/P%C9%94lisigbe" title="Pɔlisigbe – eweyî" lang="ee" hreflang="ee" data-title="Pɔlisigbe" data-language-autonym="Eʋegbe" data-language-local-name="eweyî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eʋegbe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A0%CE%BF%CE%BB%CF%89%CE%BD%CE%B9%CE%BA%CE%AE_%CE%B3%CE%BB%CF%8E%CF%83%CF%83%CE%B1" title="Πολωνική γλώσσα – yewnanî" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Πολωνική γλώσσα" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="yewnanî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eml mw-list-item"><a href="https://eml.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pul%C3%A0c" title="Pulàc – Emiliano-Romagnolo" lang="egl" hreflang="egl" data-title="Pulàc" data-language-autonym="Emiliàn e rumagnòl" data-language-local-name="Emiliano-Romagnolo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Emiliàn e rumagnòl</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polish_language" title="Polish language – îngilîzî" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Polish language" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="îngilîzî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pola_lingvo" title="Pola lingvo – esperantoyî" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Pola lingvo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="esperantoyî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Idioma_polaco" title="Idioma polaco – spanî" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Idioma polaco" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="spanî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poola_keel" title="Poola keel – estonî" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Poola keel" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="estonî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poloniera" title="Poloniera – baskî" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Poloniera" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="baskî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B2%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%86_%D9%84%D9%87%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C" title="زبان لهستانی – farisî" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="زبان لهستانی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="farisî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Puolan_kieli" title="Puolan kieli – fînî" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Puolan kieli" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="fînî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fiu-vro mw-list-item"><a href="https://fiu-vro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poola_kiil" title="Poola kiil – Võro" lang="vro" hreflang="vro" data-title="Poola kiil" data-language-autonym="Võro" data-language-local-name="Võro" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Võro</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/P%C3%B3lskt_m%C3%A1l" title="Pólskt mál – ferî" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="Pólskt mál" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="ferî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Føroyskt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polonais" title="Polonais – fransî" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Polonais" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="fransî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frp mw-list-item"><a href="https://frp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polon%C3%A8s" title="Polonès – Arpitan" lang="frp" hreflang="frp" data-title="Polonès" data-language-autonym="Arpetan" data-language-local-name="Arpitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Arpetan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poolsk_spriak" title="Poolsk spriak – frîsiya bakur" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Poolsk spriak" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="frîsiya bakur" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poalsk" title="Poalsk – frîsî" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Poalsk" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="frîsî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/An_Pholainnis" title="An Pholainnis – îrlendî" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="An Pholainnis" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="îrlendî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/P%C3%B2lais" title="Pòlais – gaelîka skotî" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Pòlais" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="gaelîka skotî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingua_polaca" title="Lingua polaca – galîsî" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Lingua polaca" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="galîsî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polo%C3%B1a%C3%B1e%27%E1%BA%BD" title="Poloñañe'ẽ – guwaranî" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="Poloñañe'ẽ" data-language-autonym="Avañe'ẽ" data-language-local-name="guwaranî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Avañe'ẽ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gv mw-list-item"><a href="https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polynnish" title="Polynnish – manksî" lang="gv" hreflang="gv" data-title="Polynnish" data-language-autonym="Gaelg" data-language-local-name="manksî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaelg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/P%C3%B4-l%C3%A0n-ng%C3%AE" title="Pô-làn-ngî – Hakka Chinese" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Pô-làn-ngî" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="Hakka Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A4%D7%95%D7%9C%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%AA" title="פולנית – îbranî" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="פולנית" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="îbranî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B6_%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BE" title="पोलिश भाषा – hindî" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="पोलिश भाषा" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="hindî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polish_bhasa" title="Polish bhasa – Fiji Hindi" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="Polish bhasa" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="Fiji Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fiji Hindi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poljski_jezik" title="Poljski jezik – xirwatî" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Poljski jezik" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="xirwatî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://hsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/P%C3%B3l%C5%A1%C4%87ina" title="Pólšćina – sorbiya jorîn" lang="hsb" hreflang="hsb" data-title="Pólšćina" data-language-autonym="Hornjoserbsce" data-language-local-name="sorbiya jorîn" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hornjoserbsce</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lengyel_nyelv" title="Lengyel nyelv – mecarî" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Lengyel nyelv" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="mecarî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%BC%D5%A5%D5%B0%D5%A5%D6%80%D5%A5%D5%B6" title="Լեհերեն – ermenî" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Լեհերեն" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="ermenî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingua_polonese" title="Lingua polonese – interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Lingua polonese" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-iba mw-list-item"><a href="https://iba.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jaku_Poland" title="Jaku Poland – iban" lang="iba" hreflang="iba" data-title="Jaku Poland" data-language-autonym="Jaku Iban" data-language-local-name="iban" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jaku Iban</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bahasa_Polandia" title="Bahasa Polandia – endonezî" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Bahasa Polandia" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="endonezî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pagsasao_a_Polako" title="Pagsasao a Polako – îlokanoyî" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="Pagsasao a Polako" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="îlokanoyî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ilokano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polona_linguo" title="Polona linguo – îdoyî" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Polona linguo" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="îdoyî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/P%C3%B3lska" title="Pólska – îzlendî" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Pólska" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="îzlendî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingua_polacca" title="Lingua polacca – îtalî" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Lingua polacca" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="îtalî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%9D%E3%83%BC%E3%83%A9%E3%83%B3%E3%83%89%E8%AA%9E" title="ポーランド語 – japonî" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ポーランド語" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japonî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jam mw-list-item"><a href="https://jam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Puolish" title="Puolish – Jamaican Creole English" lang="jam" hreflang="jam" data-title="Puolish" data-language-autonym="Patois" data-language-local-name="Jamaican Creole English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Patois</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basa_Polen" title="Basa Polen – javayî" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Basa Polen" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="javayî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9E%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9A%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9C%E1%83%A3%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98_%E1%83%94%E1%83%9C%E1%83%90" title="პოლონური ენა – gurcî" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="პოლონური ენა" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="gurcî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kaa mw-list-item"><a href="https://kaa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polyak_tili" title="Polyak tili – Kara-Kalpak" lang="kaa" hreflang="kaa" data-title="Polyak tili" data-language-autonym="Qaraqalpaqsha" data-language-local-name="Kara-Kalpak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qaraqalpaqsha</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kab mw-list-item"><a href="https://kab.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tapulunit" title="Tapulunit – kabîlî" lang="kab" hreflang="kab" data-title="Tapulunit" data-language-autonym="Taqbaylit" data-language-local-name="kabîlî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taqbaylit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbp mw-list-item"><a href="https://kbp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polon%C9%9B%C9%9B_k%CA%8Bn%CA%8B%C5%8B" title="Polonɛɛ kʋnʋŋ – Kabiye" lang="kbp" hreflang="kbp" data-title="Polonɛɛ kʋnʋŋ" data-language-autonym="Kabɩyɛ" data-language-local-name="Kabiye" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kabɩyɛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kge mw-list-item"><a href="https://kge.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bahasa_Polandia" title="Bahasa Polandia – Komering" lang="kge" hreflang="kge" data-title="Bahasa Polandia" data-language-autonym="Kumoring" data-language-local-name="Komering" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kumoring</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8F%D0%BA_%D1%82%D1%96%D0%BB%D1%96" title="Поляк тілі – qazaxî" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Поляк тілі" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="qazaxî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-km mw-list-item"><a href="https://km.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%9E%97%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9F%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%94%E1%9F%89%E1%9E%BC%E1%9E%A1%E1%9E%BC%E1%9E%89" title="ភាសាប៉ូឡូញ – ximêrî" lang="km" hreflang="km" data-title="ភាសាប៉ូឡូញ" data-language-autonym="ភាសាខ្មែរ" data-language-local-name="ximêrî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ភាសាខ្មែរ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%8F%B4%EB%9E%80%EB%93%9C%EC%96%B4" title="폴란드어 – koreyî" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="폴란드어" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="koreyî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-krc mw-list-item"><a href="https://krc.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8F%D0%BA_%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BB" title="Поляк тил – karaçay-balkarî" lang="krc" hreflang="krc" data-title="Поляк тил" data-language-autonym="Къарачай-малкъар" data-language-local-name="karaçay-balkarî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Къарачай-малкъар</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ks mw-list-item"><a href="https://ks.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%D9%88%D9%84%DB%8C%D9%96%D8%B4_%D8%B2%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%86" title="پولیٖش زبان – keşmîrî" lang="ks" hreflang="ks" data-title="پولیٖش زبان" data-language-autonym="कॉशुर / کٲشُر" data-language-local-name="keşmîrî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>कॉशुर / کٲشُر</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kv mw-list-item"><a href="https://kv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8F%D0%BA_%D0%BA%D1%8B%D0%B2" title="Поляк кыв – komî" lang="kv" hreflang="kv" data-title="Поляк кыв" data-language-autonym="Коми" data-language-local-name="komî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Коми</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polonek" title="Polonek – kornî" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="Polonek" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="kornî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kernowek</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8F%D0%BA_%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B8" title="Поляк тили – kirgizî" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Поляк тили" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="kirgizî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingua_Polonica" title="Lingua Polonica – latînî" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Lingua Polonica" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="latînî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lad mw-list-item"><a href="https://lad.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingua_polaka" title="Lingua polaka – ladînoyî" lang="lad" hreflang="lad" data-title="Lingua polaka" data-language-autonym="Ladino" data-language-local-name="ladînoyî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladino</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polnesch" title="Polnesch – luksembûrgî" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Polnesch" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="luksembûrgî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lez mw-list-item"><a href="https://lez.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8F%D0%BA_%D1%87%D3%80%D0%B0%D0%BB" title="Поляк чӀал – lezgînî" lang="lez" hreflang="lez" data-title="Поляк чӀал" data-language-autonym="Лезги" data-language-local-name="lezgînî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Лезги</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polsce_(lingua)" title="Polsce (lingua) – Lingua Franca Nova" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="Polsce (lingua)" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="Lingua Franca Nova" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingua Franca Nova</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pools" title="Pools – lîmbûrgî" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Pools" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="lîmbûrgî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lij mw-list-item"><a href="https://lij.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lengua_polacca" title="Lengua polacca – lîgûrî" lang="lij" hreflang="lij" data-title="Lengua polacca" data-language-autonym="Ligure" data-language-local-name="lîgûrî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ligure</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lld mw-list-item"><a href="https://lld.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingaz_polach" title="Lingaz polach – Ladin" lang="lld" hreflang="lld" data-title="Lingaz polach" data-language-autonym="Ladin" data-language-local-name="Ladin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladin</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lengua_polacca" title="Lengua polacca – lombardî" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Lengua polacca" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="lombardî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lenk%C5%B3_kalba" title="Lenkų kalba – lîtwanî" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Lenkų kalba" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="lîtwanî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Po%C4%BCu_valoda" title="Poļu valoda – latviyayî" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Poļu valoda" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="latviyayî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mai mw-list-item"><a href="https://mai.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B6_%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BE" title="पोलिश भाषा – maithili" lang="mai" hreflang="mai" data-title="पोलिश भाषा" data-language-autonym="मैथिली" data-language-local-name="maithili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मैथिली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mdf mw-list-item"><a href="https://mdf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8F%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%8C_%D0%BA%D1%8F%D0%BB%D1%8C" title="Поляконь кяль – mokşayî" lang="mdf" hreflang="mdf" data-title="Поляконь кяль" data-language-autonym="Мокшень" data-language-local-name="mokşayî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Мокшень</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fiteny_p%C3%B4l%C3%B4ney" title="Fiteny pôlôney – malagasî" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Fiteny pôlôney" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="malagasî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mhr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mhr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8F%D0%BA_%D0%B9%D1%8B%D0%BB%D0%BC%D0%B5" title="Поляк йылме – Eastern Mari" lang="mhr" hreflang="mhr" data-title="Поляк йылме" data-language-autonym="Олык марий" data-language-local-name="Eastern Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Олык марий</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mi mw-list-item"><a href="https://mi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reo_P%C5%8Drana" title="Reo Pōrana – maorî" lang="mi" hreflang="mi" data-title="Reo Pōrana" data-language-autonym="Māori" data-language-local-name="maorî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Māori</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D1%98%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA" title="Полски јазик – makedonî" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Полски јазик" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="makedonî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8B%E0%B4%B3%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%B7%E0%B5%8D_%E0%B4%AD%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B7" title="പോളിഷ് ഭാഷ – malayalamî" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="പോളിഷ് ഭാഷ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="malayalamî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%88_%D1%85%D1%8D%D0%BB" title="Польш хэл – mongolî" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Польш хэл" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="mongolî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mni mw-list-item"><a href="https://mni.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%AF%84%EA%AF%A3%EA%AF%82%EA%AF%A4%EA%AF%81_%EA%AF%82%EA%AF%A3%EA%AF%9F" title="ꯄꯣꯂꯤꯁ ꯂꯣꯟ – manipuri" lang="mni" hreflang="mni" data-title="ꯄꯣꯂꯤꯁ ꯂꯣꯟ" data-language-autonym="ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ" data-language-local-name="manipuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B6_%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BE" title="पोलिश भाषा – maratî" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="पोलिश भाषा" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="maratî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bahasa_Poland" title="Bahasa Poland – malezî" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Bahasa Poland" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="malezî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mt mw-list-item"><a href="https://mt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingwa_Pollakka" title="Lingwa Pollakka – maltayî" lang="mt" hreflang="mt" data-title="Lingwa Pollakka" data-language-autonym="Malti" data-language-local-name="maltayî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-myv mw-list-item"><a href="https://myv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8F%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%8C_%D0%BA%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C" title="Поляконь кель – erzayî" lang="myv" hreflang="myv" data-title="Поляконь кель" data-language-autonym="Эрзянь" data-language-local-name="erzayî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Эрзянь</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%D9%87%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C" title="لهستانی – mazenderanî" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="لهستانی" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="mazenderanî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nap mw-list-item"><a href="https://nap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lengua_pulacca" title="Lengua pulacca – napolîtanî" lang="nap" hreflang="nap" data-title="Lengua pulacca" data-language-autonym="Napulitano" data-language-local-name="napolîtanî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Napulitano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poolsche_Spraak" title="Poolsche Spraak – nedersaksî" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Poolsche Spraak" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="nedersaksî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds-nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pools" title="Pools – Low Saxon" lang="nds-NL" hreflang="nds-NL" data-title="Pools" data-language-autonym="Nedersaksies" data-language-local-name="Low Saxon" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nedersaksies</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B6_%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BE" title="पोलिश भाषा – newarî" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="पोलिश भाषा" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="newarî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाल भाषा</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pools" title="Pools – holendî" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Pools" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="holendî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polsk" title="Polsk – norwecî (nynorsk)" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Polsk" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="norwecî (nynorsk)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polsk" title="Polsk – norwecî (bokmål)" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Polsk" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="norwecî (bokmål)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polon%C3%A9s" title="Polonés – oksîtanî" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Polonés" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="oksîtanî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-olo mw-list-item"><a href="https://olo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pol%E2%80%99%C5%A1an_kieli" title="Pol’šan kieli – Livvi-Karelian" lang="olo" hreflang="olo" data-title="Pol’šan kieli" data-language-autonym="Livvinkarjala" data-language-local-name="Livvi-Karelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Livvinkarjala</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%88%C3%A6%D0%B9%D0%B0%D0%B3_%C3%A6%D0%B2%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%B3" title="Польшæйаг æвзаг – osetî" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Польшæйаг æвзаг" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="osetî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%AA%E0%A9%8B%E0%A8%B2%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%BC_%E0%A8%AD%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%BC%E0%A8%BE" title="ਪੋਲਿਸ਼ ਭਾਸ਼ਾ – puncabî" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਪੋਲਿਸ਼ ਭਾਸ਼ਾ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="puncabî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pap mw-list-item"><a href="https://pap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polaco" title="Polaco – papyamentoyî" lang="pap" hreflang="pap" data-title="Polaco" data-language-autonym="Papiamentu" data-language-local-name="papyamentoyî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Papiamentu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pcd mw-list-item"><a href="https://pcd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polon%C3%A8" title="Polonè – Picard" lang="pcd" hreflang="pcd" data-title="Polonè" data-language-autonym="Picard" data-language-local-name="Picard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Picard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pih mw-list-item"><a href="https://pih.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poelish" title="Poelish – Norfuk / Pitkern" lang="pih" hreflang="pih" data-title="Poelish" data-language-autonym="Norfuk / Pitkern" data-language-local-name="Norfuk / Pitkern" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norfuk / Pitkern</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/J%C4%99zyk_polski" title="Język polski – polonî" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Język polski" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="polonî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lenga_polon%C3%A8isa" title="Lenga polonèisa – Piedmontese" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Lenga polonèisa" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="Piedmontese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%D9%88%D9%84%DB%8C" title="پولی – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="پولی" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%D9%88%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%86%DA%89%D9%8A_%DA%98%D8%A8%D9%87" title="پولينډي ژبه – peştûyî" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="پولينډي ژبه" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="peştûyî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%ADngua_polaca" title="Língua polaca – portugalî" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Língua polaca" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugalî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulaku_simi" title="Pulaku simi – keçwayî" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Pulaku simi" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="keçwayî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Limba_polonez%C4%83" title="Limba poloneză – romanî" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Limba poloneză" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="romanî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="gotara bijartî"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D1%8F%D0%B7%D1%8B%D0%BA" title="Польский язык – rûsî" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Польский язык" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="rûsî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%81%D0%BA%D1%8B%D0%B9_%D1%8F%D0%B7%D1%8B%D0%BA" title="Польскый язык – Rusyn" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Польскый язык" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="Rusyn" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русиньскый</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8F%D0%BA_%D1%82%D1%8B%D0%BB%D0%B0" title="Поляк тыла – yakutî" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Поляк тыла" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="yakutî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sat mw-list-item"><a href="https://sat.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%B1%AF%E1%B1%B3%E1%B1%9E%E1%B1%A4%E1%B1%A5_%E1%B1%AF%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%B9%E1%B1%A8%E1%B1%A5%E1%B1%A4" title="ᱯᱳᱞᱤᱥ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ – santalî" lang="sat" hreflang="sat" data-title="ᱯᱳᱞᱤᱥ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ" data-language-autonym="ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ" data-language-local-name="santalî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Limba_polonesa" title="Limba polonesa – sardînî" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="Limba polonesa" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="sardînî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sardu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingua_pulacca" title="Lingua pulacca – sicîlî" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Lingua pulacca" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="sicîlî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pols_leid" title="Pols leid – skotî" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Pols leid" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="skotî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-se mw-list-item"><a href="https://se.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polskkagiella" title="Polskkagiella – samiya bakur" lang="se" hreflang="se" data-title="Polskkagiella" data-language-autonym="Davvisámegiella" data-language-local-name="samiya bakur" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Davvisámegiella</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sg mw-list-item"><a href="https://sg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polon%C3%ABe" title="Polonëe – sangoyî" lang="sg" hreflang="sg" data-title="Polonëe" data-language-autonym="Sängö" data-language-local-name="sangoyî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sängö</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poljski_jezik" title="Poljski jezik – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Poljski jezik" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polish_language" title="Polish language – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Polish language" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Po%C4%BE%C5%A1tina" title="Poľština – slovakî" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Poľština" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="slovakî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polj%C5%A1%C4%8Dina" title="Poljščina – slovenî" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Poljščina" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="slovenî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sm mw-list-item"><a href="https://sm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fa%CA%BBa_Polani" title="Faʻa Polani – samoayî" lang="sm" hreflang="sm" data-title="Faʻa Polani" data-language-autonym="Gagana Samoa" data-language-local-name="samoayî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gagana Samoa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gjuha_polake" title="Gjuha polake – elbanî" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Gjuha polake" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="elbanî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D1%99%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D1%98%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA" title="Пољски језик – sirbî" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Пољски језик" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="sirbî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-stq mw-list-item"><a href="https://stq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poolsk" title="Poolsk – Saterland Frisian" lang="stq" hreflang="stq" data-title="Poolsk" data-language-autonym="Seeltersk" data-language-local-name="Saterland Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Seeltersk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basa_Polandia" title="Basa Polandia – sundanî" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Basa Polandia" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="sundanî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polska" title="Polska – swêdî" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Polska" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="swêdî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kipoland" title="Kipoland – swahîlî" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Kipoland" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="swahîlî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szl mw-list-item"><a href="https://szl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polsko_godka" title="Polsko godka – silesî" lang="szl" hreflang="szl" data-title="Polsko godka" data-language-autonym="Ślůnski" data-language-local-name="silesî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ślůnski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%8B%E0%AE%B2%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AF_%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8A%E0%AE%B4%E0%AE%BF" title="போலிய மொழி – tamîlî" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="போலிய மொழி" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="tamîlî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tet mw-list-item"><a href="https://tet.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lia-polaku" title="Lia-polaku – tetûmî" lang="tet" hreflang="tet" data-title="Lia-polaku" data-language-autonym="Tetun" data-language-local-name="tetûmî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tetun</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D0%BB%D0%B0%D2%B3%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD%D3%A3" title="Забони лаҳистонӣ – tacikî" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Забони лаҳистонӣ" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="tacikî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%A0%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A9%E0%B8%B2%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%9B%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%94%E0%B9%8C" title="ภาษาโปแลนด์ – tayî" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ภาษาโปแลนด์" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="tayî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ti mw-list-item"><a href="https://ti.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8D%96%E1%88%8A%E1%88%BD" title="ፖሊሽ – tigrînî" lang="ti" hreflang="ti" data-title="ፖሊሽ" data-language-autonym="ትግርኛ" data-language-local-name="tigrînî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ትግርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikang_Polako" title="Wikang Polako – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Wikang Polako" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tly mw-list-item"><a href="https://tly.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poljaki_zyvon" title="Poljaki zyvon – Talysh" lang="tly" hreflang="tly" data-title="Poljaki zyvon" data-language-autonym="Tolışi" data-language-local-name="Talysh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tolışi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tpi mw-list-item"><a href="https://tpi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tok_Polan" title="Tok Polan – tokpisinî" lang="tpi" hreflang="tpi" data-title="Tok Polan" data-language-autonym="Tok Pisin" data-language-local-name="tokpisinî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tok Pisin</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leh%C3%A7e" title="Lehçe – tirkî" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Lehçe" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="tirkî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8F%D0%BA_%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5" title="Поляк теле – teterî" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Поляк теле" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="teterî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tyv mw-list-item"><a href="https://tyv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8F%D0%BA_%D0%B4%D1%8B%D0%BB" title="Поляк дыл – tuvanî" lang="tyv" hreflang="tyv" data-title="Поляк дыл" data-language-autonym="Тыва дыл" data-language-local-name="tuvanî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тыва дыл</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-udm mw-list-item"><a href="https://udm.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8F%D0%BA_%D0%BA%D1%8B%D0%BB" title="Поляк кыл – udmurtî" lang="udm" hreflang="udm" data-title="Поляк кыл" data-language-autonym="Удмурт" data-language-local-name="udmurtî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Удмурт</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%D9%88%D9%84%DB%95%D9%83_%D8%AA%D9%89%D9%84%D9%89" title="پولەك تىلى – oygurî" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="پولەك تىلى" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="oygurî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0" title="Польська мова – ukraynî" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Польська мова" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ukraynî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%D9%88%D9%84%D8%B4_%D8%B2%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%86" title="پولش زبان – urdûyî" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="پولش زبان" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="urdûyî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polyak_tili" title="Polyak tili – ozbekî" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Polyak tili" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="ozbekî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%81%C3%A9ngua_po%C5%82aca" title="Łéngua połaca – venîsî" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Łéngua połaca" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="venîsî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vep mw-list-item"><a href="https://vep.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pol%27%C5%A1an_kel%27" title="Pol'šan kel' – Veps" lang="vep" hreflang="vep" data-title="Pol'šan kel'" data-language-autonym="Vepsän kel’" data-language-local-name="Veps" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vepsän kel’</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ti%E1%BA%BFng_Ba_Lan" title="Tiếng Ba Lan – viyetnamî" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Tiếng Ba Lan" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="viyetnamî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vls mw-list-item"><a href="https://vls.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pools" title="Pools – West Flemish" lang="vls" hreflang="vls" data-title="Pools" data-language-autonym="West-Vlams" data-language-local-name="West Flemish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>West-Vlams</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vo mw-list-item"><a href="https://vo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pol%C3%A4nap%C3%BCk" title="Polänapük – volapûkî" lang="vo" hreflang="vo" data-title="Polänapük" data-language-autonym="Volapük" data-language-local-name="volapûkî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Volapük</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wa mw-list-item"><a href="https://wa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polon%C3%A8s_(lingaedje)" title="Polonès (lingaedje) – walonî" lang="wa" hreflang="wa" data-title="Polonès (lingaedje)" data-language-autonym="Walon" data-language-local-name="walonî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Walon</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pinolako" title="Pinolako – warayî" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Pinolako" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="warayî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%B3%A2%E5%85%B0%E8%AF%AD" title="波兰语 – çîniya wuyî" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="波兰语" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="çîniya wuyî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9E%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9A%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9C%E1%83%A3%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98_%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98%E1%83%9C%E1%83%90" title="პოლონური ნინა – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="პოლონური ნინა" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A4%D7%95%D7%99%D7%9C%D7%99%D7%A9" title="פויליש – yidîşî" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="פויליש" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="yidîşî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%88d%C3%A8_P%C3%B3l%C3%A1nd%C3%AC" title="Èdè Pólándì – yorubayî" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Èdè Pólándì" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="yorubayî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Yorùbá</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zea mw-list-item"><a href="https://zea.wikipedia.org/wiki/Po%C3%B4ls" title="Poôls – Zeelandic" lang="zea" hreflang="zea" data-title="Poôls" data-language-autonym="Zeêuws" data-language-local-name="Zeelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zeêuws</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%B3%A2%E5%85%B0%E8%AF%AD" title="波兰语 – çînî" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="波兰语" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="çînî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pho-l%C3%A2n-g%C3%AD" title="Pho-lân-gí – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Pho-lân-gí" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%B3%A2%E8%98%AD%E6%96%87" title="波蘭文 – kantonî" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="波蘭文" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="kantonî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zu mw-list-item"><a href="https://zu.wikipedia.org/wiki/IsiPholisi" title="IsiPholisi – zuluyî" lang="zu" hreflang="zu" data-title="IsiPholisi" data-language-autonym="IsiZulu" data-language-local-name="zuluyî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>IsiZulu</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q809#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Girêdanên navzimanî sererast bike" class="wbc-editpage">Girêdanan biguhêre</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Valahiya nav"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Ziman%C3%AA_polon%C3%AE" title="Li rûpela naverokê binêre [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Gotar</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Got%C3%BBb%C3%AAj:Ziman%C3%AA_polon%C3%AE" rel="discussion" title="Gotûbêj li ser rûpela naverokê [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Gotûbêj</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Varyanta zimanî biguhêre" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Kurdî/کوردی</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-varlang-0" class="selected ca-variants-ku mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ziman%C3%AA_polon%C3%AE&variant=ku" lang="ku" hreflang="ku"><span>Kurdî/کوردی</span></a></li><li id="ca-varlang-1" class="ca-variants-ku-Arab mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ziman%C3%AA_polon%C3%AE&variant=ku-arab" lang="ku-Arab" hreflang="ku-Arab"><span>Tîpên erebî</span></a></li><li id="ca-varlang-2" class="ca-variants-ku-Latn mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ziman%C3%AA_polon%C3%AE&variant=ku-latn" lang="ku-Latn" hreflang="ku-Latn"><span>Tîpên latînî</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Dîtin"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Ziman%C3%AA_polon%C3%AE"><span>Bixwîne</span></a></li><li id="ca-ve-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ziman%C3%AA_polon%C3%AE&veaction=edit" title="Vê rûpelê biguhêre [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Biguhêre</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="collapsible vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ziman%C3%AA_polon%C3%AE&action=edit" title="Koda çavkaniya vê rûpelê biguhêre [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Çavkaniyê biguhêre</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ziman%C3%AA_polon%C3%AE&action=history" title="Guhartoyên berê yên vê rûpelê [h]" accesskey="h"><span>Dîrokê bibîne</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Amûrên rûpelê"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Qutiya amûran" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Qutiya amûran</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Amûr</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">Here menuya kêlekê</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">veşêre</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="More options" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Aksiyon </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Ziman%C3%AA_polon%C3%AE"><span>Bixwîne</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-ve-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ziman%C3%AA_polon%C3%AE&veaction=edit" title="Vê rûpelê biguhêre [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Biguhêre</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="collapsible vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ziman%C3%AA_polon%C3%AE&action=edit" title="Koda çavkaniya vê rûpelê biguhêre [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Çavkaniyê biguhêre</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ziman%C3%AA_polon%C3%AE&action=history"><span>Dîrokê bibîne</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Giştî </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Taybet:Gir%C3%AAdan%C3%AAn_li_ser_vir/Ziman%C3%AA_polon%C3%AE" title="Lîsteya hemû rûpelên ku pê ve girêdayî ne [j]" accesskey="j"><span>Girêdanên li ser vê rûpelê</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Taybet:RecentChangesLinked/Ziman%C3%AA_polon%C3%AE" rel="nofollow" title="Guhartinên dawî di rûpelên ku ji vê rûpelê ve hatine girêdan de [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Guhartinên têkildar</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:UploadWizard?uselang=ku" title="Dosyeyan bar bike [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Wêneyekî bar bike</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Taybet:SpecialPages" title="Lîsteya hemû rûpelên taybetî [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Rûpelên taybet</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ziman%C3%AA_polon%C3%AE&oldid=1817737" title="Lînka daîmî yê ji bo vê revizyona rûpelê"><span>Girêdana daîmî</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ziman%C3%AA_polon%C3%AE&action=info" title="Bêhtir agahî di derbarê vê rûpelê de"><span>Agahiyên rûpelê</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Taybet:CiteThisPage&page=Ziman%C3%AA_polon%C3%AE&id=1817737&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Agahdariya li ser qalkirina rûpelê"><span>Qalkirina rûpelê bibîne</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Taybet:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fku.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FZiman%25C3%25AA_polon%25C3%25AE"><span>URLya kurt çêke</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Taybet:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fku.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FZiman%25C3%25AA_polon%25C3%25AE"><span>Koda QRyê daxîne</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-electronpdfservice-sidebar-portlet-heading" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-electronpdfservice-sidebar-portlet-heading" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Çap bike/derxîne </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="electron-print_pdf" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Taybet:DownloadAsPdf&page=Ziman%C3%AA_polon%C3%AE&action=show-download-screen"><span>Wek PDF daxe</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="javascript:print();" rel="alternate" title="Guhartoya çapkirinê ya vê rûpelê [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Guhartoya çapkirinê</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Di projeyên din de </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Polish_language" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimedia Commons</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q809" title="Girêdana ji hêmana eleqedar yê di embara daneyan de re [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Hêmana Wîkîdaneyê</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Amûrên rûpelê"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Xuyakirin"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Xuyakirin</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">Here menuya kêlekê</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">veşêre</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Ji Wîkîpediya, ensîklopediya azad.</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="ku" dir="ltr"><table class="infobox" style="width: 22em; text-align: left; font-size: 88%; line-height: 1.5em"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="3" style="text-align: center; font-size: 125%; font-weight: bold; color: black; background-color: #C9FFD9">Zimanê polonî </th></tr> <tr> <th colspan="3" style="text-align: center; font-weight: bold; color: black; background-color: #C9FFD9"><i>polski</i> </th></tr> <tr> <th>Welatên lê tê axaftin </th> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/23px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/35px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/46px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="400" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Polonya" title="Polonya">Polonya</a><br /> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Flag_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina.svg/23px-Flag_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Flag_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina.svg/35px-Flag_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Flag_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina.svg/46px-Flag_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="400" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Bosniya_%C3%BB_Herzegov%C3%AEna" title="Bosniya û Herzegovîna">Bosniya û Herzegovîna</a><br /> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Brazil.svg/22px-Flag_of_Brazil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Brazil.svg/33px-Flag_of_Brazil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Brazil.svg/43px-Flag_of_Brazil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="700" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Brez%C3%AEl" title="Brezîl">Brezîl</a><br /> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Komara_%C3%87ek%C3%AE" class="mw-redirect" title="Komara Çekî">Çekya</a><br /> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Flag_of_Hungary.svg/23px-Flag_of_Hungary.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Flag_of_Hungary.svg/35px-Flag_of_Hungary.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Flag_of_Hungary.svg/46px-Flag_of_Hungary.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Mecaristan" title="Mecaristan">Mecaristan</a><br /> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_Lithuania.svg/23px-Flag_of_Lithuania.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_Lithuania.svg/35px-Flag_of_Lithuania.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_Lithuania.svg/46px-Flag_of_Lithuania.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AEtvanya" title="Lîtvanya">Lîtvanya</a><br /> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Romania.svg/23px-Flag_of_Romania.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Romania.svg/35px-Flag_of_Romania.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Romania.svg/45px-Flag_of_Romania.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Romanya" title="Romanya">Romanya</a><br /> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Flag_of_Slovakia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Slovakia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Flag_of_Slovakia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Slovakia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Flag_of_Slovakia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Slovakia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Slovakya" title="Slovakya">Slovakya</a><br /> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Ukraine.svg/23px-Flag_of_Ukraine.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Ukraine.svg/35px-Flag_of_Ukraine.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Ukraine.svg/45px-Flag_of_Ukraine.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Ukrayna" class="mw-redirect" title="Ukrayna">Ûkrayna</a><br /> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Dewlet%C3%AAn_Yekb%C3%BBy%C3%AE_y%C3%AAn_Amer%C3%AEkay%C3%AA" title="Dewletên Yekbûyî yên Amerîkayê">Dewletên Yekbûyî yên Amerîkayê</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th>Herêm </th> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Ewropaya_Navend%C3%AE" title="Ewropaya Navendî">Ewropaya Navendî</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th>Axiverên zimanê zikmakî </th> <td colspan="2">41 milyon </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Malbata_ziman%C3%AE" title="Malbata zimanî">Malbata zimanî</a> </th> <td colspan="2" style="text-align:left"><a href="/wiki/Hind_%C3%BB_Ewrop%C3%AE" class="mw-redirect" title="Hind û Ewropî">Zimanên hind û ewropî</a> <ul style="line-height:100%; margin-left:15px;padding-left:0"><li> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ziman%C3%AAn_balto-slav%C3%AE&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Zimanên balto-slavî (rûpel hê tune)">Zimanên balto-slavî</a><ul style="line-height:100%; margin-left:5px;padding-left:0"><li><a href="/wiki/Ziman%C3%AAn_slav%C3%AE" title="Zimanên slavî">Zimanên slavî</a><ul style="line-height:100%; margin-left:5px;padding-left:0"><li><a href="/wiki/Slaviya_rojavay%C3%AE" class="mw-redirect" title="Slaviya rojavayî">Slaviya rojavayî</a><ul style="line-height:100%; margin-left:5px;padding-left:0"><li><a href="/wiki/Ziman%C3%AAn_leh%C3%AE" title="Zimanên lehî">Zimanên lehî</a><ul style="line-height:100%; margin-left:5px;padding-left:0"><li>Zimanê polonî</li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/w/index.php?title=Away%C3%AAn_kevn&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Awayên kevn (rûpel hê tune)">Awayên kevn</a> <div style="text-align:left;">Poloniya kevn <ul style="line-height:100%; margin-left:1.35em;padding-left:0"><li>Poloniya navendî<ul style="line-height:100%;margin-left:0.45em;padding-left:0;"><li><b>Zimanê polonî</b></li></ul></li></ul> </div> </th></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/w/index.php?title=S%C3%AEstema_niv%C3%AEs%C3%AA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sîstema nivîsê (rûpel hê tune)">Sîstema nivîsê</a> </th> <td colspan="2">Tîpên latînî </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="3" style="text-align: center; color: black; background-color: #C9FFD9">Rewşa fermî </th></tr> <tr> <th>Welatên lê zimanê fermî ye </th> <td colspan="2"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/23px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/35px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/46px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="400" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Polonya" title="Polonya">Polonya</a><br /> <a href="/wiki/Yekitiya_Ewropay%C3%AA" class="mw-redirect" title="Yekitiya Ewropayê">Yekitiya Ewropayê</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/w/index.php?title=L%C3%AEsteya_sazker%C3%AAn_ziman&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lîsteya sazkerên ziman (rûpel hê tune)">Sazkerên zimên</a> </th> <td colspan="2"> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="3" style="text-align: center; color: black; background-color: #C9FFD9">Kodên zimanî </th></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/ISO_639-1" class="mw-redirect" title="ISO 639-1">ISO 639-1</a> </th> <td colspan="2"><tt>pl</tt> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/ISO_639-2" class="mw-redirect" title="ISO 639-2">ISO 639-2</a> </th> <td colspan="2"><tt>pol</tt> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/w/index.php?title=ISO_639-3&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ISO 639-3 (rûpel hê tune)">ISO 639-3</a> </th> <td colspan="2"><tt><a href="https://iso639-3.sil.org/code/pol" class="extiw" title="iso639-3:pol">pol</a></tt> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="3" style="text-align:center; vertical-align: middle; padding-top: 5px"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/W%C3%AAne:Polish_language_map.PNG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Polish_language_map.PNG/300px-Polish_language_map.PNG" decoding="async" width="300" height="315" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4e/Polish_language_map.PNG 1.5x" data-file-width="385" data-file-height="404" /></a></span> <p>Nexşeya Polonyayê<span style="margin:0px; padding-bottom:1px; font-size:90%; display:block;"><span style="border:#0080FE solid 1px;; background-color:#0080FE; color:#0080FE">    </span> Piraniya axiverên polonî</span> <span style="margin:0px; padding-bottom:1px; font-size:90%; display:block;"><span style="border:#5AAFDF solid 1px;; background-color:#5AAFDF; color:#5AAFDF">    </span> Polonî li gel zimanên din bi hev re tê bikaranîn</span> <span style="margin:0px; padding-bottom:1px; font-size:90%; display:block;"><span style="border:#88C4FE solid 1px;; background-color:#88C4FE; color:#88C4FE">    </span> Piraniya axiverên polonî li derveyî Polonya</span> </p> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <p><b>Zimanê polonî</b> (bi polonî: <i>język polski</i>) zimanekî slaviya rojavayî ya ji koma lekîtîk a malbata <a href="/wiki/Ziman%C3%AAn_hind_%C3%BB_ewrop%C3%AE" title="Zimanên hind û ewropî">zimanên hind û ewropî</a> ye ku bi tîpên latînî tê nivîsandin.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Zimanê polonî wekî zimanê fermî li <a href="/wiki/Polonya" title="Polonya">Polonyayê</a> tê axaftin û zimanê diyasporayaya polonî ye ku li çaraliyê cîhanê ye ji aliyê poloniyên belavbûyî ve tê axaftin. Li gorî daneyên sala 2023an zêdetirî 40,6 milyon axaftvanên xwemalî yên zimanê polonî hene.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Zimanê polonî di nav zimanên <a href="/wiki/Yek%C3%AEtiya_Ewropay%C3%AA" title="Yekîtiya Ewropayê">Yekîtiya Ewropayê</a> de di rêza şeşem de ye ku herî zêde tê axaftin.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Polonî bi zimanên wekî <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ka%C5%9F%C3%BBb%C3%AE&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kaşûbî (rûpel hê tune)">kaşûbî</a>, <a href="/wiki/%C3%87ek%C3%AE" class="mw-redirect" title="Çekî">çekî</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Slovak%C3%AE&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Slovakî (rûpel hê tune)">slovakî</a> û <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sorb%C3%AE&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sorbî (rûpel hê tune)">sorbî</a> re gelek nêzîkê hev in. Di warê tîpolojiya zimanî de, polonî zimanekî veqetandî ye ku di warê morfolojiyê de bi tewangeke berfireh dixebite. Bidengî ya zimanê polonî bi gelemperî ji dawiyê ve dikeve ser rêza duyem û (mijara biryara pêvek) di hevokê de serdest e. Polonî niha di nav Zimanên Slaviya Rojavayî de zimanê herî zêde ye ku tê axaftin. Di roja îro de zimanê polonî bi cûrbecûriya zaravayên kêm nîşankirî û windabûyî de û hem jî di pratîka ragihandina zimanê standard de zimaneke serdest e. Polonî ji hêla Konseya Zimanê Polonî ve tê sererastkirin û bi alfabeya latînî bi nîşaneyên dîakrîtîk ên din jî dewlemend bûye. </p><p>Ji aliyê dîrokî ve polonî zimanek lingua franka ye ku hem ji aliyê dîplomatîk û hem jî ji aliyê akademîk ve li <a href="/wiki/Ewropaya_Navend%C3%AE" title="Ewropaya Navendî">Ewropaya Navendî</a> û li beşek ji <a href="/wiki/Ewropaya_Rojhilat" title="Ewropaya Rojhilat">Ewropaya Rojhilat</a> zimaneke girîng e.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ji xeynî zimanê fermî yê <a href="/wiki/Polonya" title="Polonya">Polonyayê</a>, polonî li rojhilatê <a href="/wiki/Almanya" title="Almanya">Almanyayê</a>, bakurê <a href="/wiki/Komara_%C3%87ek" class="mw-redirect" title="Komara Çek">Komara Çek</a> û <a href="/wiki/Slovakya" title="Slovakya">Slovakya</a>, beşên rojavayî yên <a href="/wiki/Belar%C3%BBs" title="Belarûs">Belarûs</a> û <a href="/wiki/%C3%9Bkrayna" title="Ûkrayna">Ûkraynayê</a> û her weha li başûrê rojhilatê <a href="/wiki/L%C3%AEtvanya" title="Lîtvanya">Lîtvanya</a> û <a href="/wiki/Letonya" title="Letonya">Letonyayê</a> wekî zimanê duyem tê axaftin. Ji ber koçberiya ji Polonyayê ku di demên cûrbecûr de qewimiye, nemaze piştî <a href="/wiki/%C5%9Eer%C3%AA_C%C3%AEhan%C3%AA_y%C3%AA_Duyem" class="mw-redirect" title="Şerê Cîhanê yê Duyem">Şerê Cîhanê yê Duyem</a> bi milyonan polonî koçên welatên wekî <a href="/wiki/Kanada" title="Kanada">Kanada</a>, <a href="/wiki/Arjent%C3%AEn" title="Arjentîn">Arjentîn</a>, <a href="/wiki/Brez%C3%AEl" title="Brezîl">Brezîl</a>, Îraêl, Awistirilya, <a href="/wiki/Keyaniya_Yekb%C3%BBy%C3%AE" title="Keyaniya Yekbûyî">Keyaniya Yekbûyî</a> û <a href="/wiki/Dewlet%C3%AAn_Yekb%C3%BBy%C3%AE_y%C3%AAn_Amer%C3%AEkay%C3%AA" title="Dewletên Yekbûyî yên Amerîkayê">Dewletên Yekbûyî yên Amerîkayê</a> bûne, axivêrên zimanê polonî dikarin li van welatan werin dîtin. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Dîrok"><span id="D.C3.AErok"></span>Dîrok</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ziman%C3%AA_polon%C3%AE&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Beşê biguhêre: Dîrok" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>biguhêre</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ziman%C3%AA_polon%C3%AE&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section's source code: Dîrok"><span>çavkaniyê biguhêre</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/W%C3%AAne:Modlitwy_drukowane_po_polsku_w_r._1475.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Modlitwy_drukowane_po_polsku_w_r._1475.JPG/220px-Modlitwy_drukowane_po_polsku_w_r._1475.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="378" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Modlitwy_drukowane_po_polsku_w_r._1475.JPG/330px-Modlitwy_drukowane_po_polsku_w_r._1475.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Modlitwy_drukowane_po_polsku_w_r._1475.JPG/440px-Modlitwy_drukowane_po_polsku_w_r._1475.JPG 2x" data-file-width="463" data-file-height="796" /></a><figcaption>Çapa herî kevn a bi Polonî, Statuta Synodalia Episcoporum Wratislaviensium, di 1475 de li Wrocław ji hêla Kasper Elyan ve hatiye çap kirin.</figcaption></figure><p> Zimanê polonî di dora sedsala 10an de wekî zimanek cihêreng derketiye holê ku ev pêvajo bi gelemperî ji aliyê damezrandin û pêşveçûna dewleta polonî ve hatiye destpêkirin. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Mieszko_I&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mieszko I (rûpel hê tune)">Mieszko I</a> ku serwerê eşîra Polanên ji herêma Polonyaya Mezin bû çend eşîrên ku ji hêla çandî û zimanî ve têkildar bûn berî ku di sala 966an de vaftîzmê qebûl bikin li deştên Vistula û Oderê hatin yek kirin. Bi pejirandina xirîstiyantiyê re <a href="/wiki/Polonya" title="Polonya">Polonyayê</a> jî alfabeya latînî dipejirîne ku bi vê pejirandinê heya wê demê polonî bi tenê zimanê axaftinê bû dibe zimaneke nivîskî.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Xizmên herî nêzîk ên zimanê polonî zaravayên lehîkî yên Elbe û Deryaya Baltîk in (cûreyên polabî û pomeranî) ku ji xeynî Kaşubiyan, hemî tine bûne. Bingeha poloniya nûjen zimanê polonî yê kevn e ku zimanê polonî ji zimanê Proto-Slavî tê. </p><p>Pirtûka Henryków (bi polonî: Księga henrykowska) hevoka herî kevn a naskirî ye ku bi zimanê polonî hatiye nivîsandin. Pirtûk li dora 1280an de hatiye nivîsandin ku pirtûk niha li Muzexaneya Archdiocesalê, li <a href="/w/index.php?title=Wroc%C5%82aw&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Wrocław (rûpel hê tune)">Wrocławê</a> tê pêşandan û ji sala 2015an pê ve ketiye lîsteya UNESCOyê ya "Bîra Cîhanê"<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Xebatên herî pêşîn a li ser rastnivîsa polonî ji aliyê <a href="/w/index.php?title=Jakub_Parkosz&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jakub Parkosz (rûpel hê tune)">Jakub Parkosz</a> ve li dora sala 1470an de hatiye nivîsandin.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Yekem pirtûka çapkirî ya bi polonî di salên 1508 yan jî di sala 1513an de derketiye.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Rojnameya herî kevn a polonî di sala 1661ê de hatiye damezrandin. Di destpêka salên 1520an de, hejmareke mezin ji pirtûkên bi zimanê polonî hatine çap kirin ku tevkarî li zêdebûna homojeniya rêzimanî û rastnivîsê kirine.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Pergala nivîsandinê di sedsala 16an de forma xwe ya giştî bi dest dixe ku ev yek wekî "serdema zêrîn a wêjeya polonî" tê hesibandin.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Nivîsa zimanê polonî di sedsala 19an de û di sala 1936an de hatiye guhertin. </p><p><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tomasz_Kamusella&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tomasz Kamusella (rûpel hê tune)">Tomasz Kamusella</a> destnîşan kiriye ku "polonî zimanê slavî yê herî kevnarê nivîskî ye ku bi kevneşopiyeke berdewam a xwendin û nivîsandinê û zimanê bikaranîna fermî ye ku ji sedsala 16an heya roja îro bênavber berdewam kiriye."<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Polonî di sedsala 15an de li Polonya-Lîtvanya bûye zimanê sereke yê sosyolektîka mîran.<sup id="cite_ref-Kamusella2009_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kamusella2009-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Dîroka zimanê polonî wekî zimanê rêveberiya dewletê di sedsala 16an de li Keyaniya Polonyayê dest pê kiriye. Di sedsalên dawî de zimanê polonî li Dûkaya Mezin a Lîtvanyayê, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kongreya_Polonyay%C3%AA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kongreya Polonyayê (rûpel hê tune)">Kongreya Polonyayê</a>, Padîşahiya Galîsya û Lodomeriyayê û wekî zimanê îdarî li herêma Rojava ya Împeratoriya Rûsyayê bûye zimanê fermî.<sup id="cite_ref-Kamusella2009_12-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kamusella2009-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Alfabe">Alfabe</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ziman%C3%AA_polon%C3%AE&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Beşê biguhêre: Alfabe" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>biguhêre</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ziman%C3%AA_polon%C3%AE&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section's source code: Alfabe"><span>çavkaniyê biguhêre</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/W%C3%AAne:Polish-alphabet.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Polish-alphabet.png/220px-Polish-alphabet.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="132" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Polish-alphabet.png/330px-Polish-alphabet.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Polish-alphabet.png/440px-Polish-alphabet.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="300" /></a><figcaption>Alfabeya polonî</figcaption></figure> <p>Zimanê polonî ji serê de bi <a href="/wiki/Alfabeya_lat%C3%AEn%C3%AE" title="Alfabeya latînî">alfabeya latînî</a> yê hin nîşanên wek xêz û xal dihêwirand dihat nivisandin. </p><p>Alfabeya zimanê polonî ya îroyîn 35 tîp hene: </p><p><a href="/wiki/A" class="mw-disambig" title="A">A</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=%C4%84&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ą (rûpel hê tune)">Ą</a>, <a href="/wiki/B" class="mw-disambig" title="B">B</a>, <a href="/wiki/C" class="mw-disambig" title="C">C</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=%C4%86&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ć (rûpel hê tune)">Ć</a>, <a href="/wiki/D" class="mw-disambig" title="D">D</a>, <a href="/wiki/E" class="mw-disambig" title="E">E</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=%C4%98&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ę (rûpel hê tune)">Ę</a>, <a href="/wiki/F" class="mw-disambig" title="F">F</a>, <a href="/wiki/G" class="mw-disambig" title="G">G</a>, <a href="/wiki/H" class="mw-disambig" title="H">H</a>, <a href="/wiki/I" class="mw-disambig" title="I">I</a>, <a href="/wiki/J" class="mw-disambig" title="J">J</a>, <a href="/wiki/K" class="mw-disambig" title="K">K</a>, <a href="/wiki/L" class="mw-disambig" title="L">L</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=%C5%81&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ł (rûpel hê tune)">Ł</a>, <a href="/wiki/M" class="mw-disambig" title="M">M</a>, <a href="/wiki/N" class="mw-disambig" title="N">N</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=%C5%83&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ń (rûpel hê tune)">Ń</a>, <a href="/wiki/O" class="mw-disambig" title="O">O</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%93&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ó (rûpel hê tune)">Ó</a>, <a href="/wiki/P" class="mw-disambig" title="P">P</a>, <a href="/wiki/Q" class="mw-disambig" title="Q">Q</a>, <a href="/wiki/R" title="R">R</a>, <a href="/wiki/S" class="mw-disambig" title="S">S</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=%C5%9A&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ś (rûpel hê tune)">Ś</a>, <a href="/wiki/T" class="mw-disambig" title="T">T</a>, <a href="/wiki/U" class="mw-disambig" title="U">U</a>, <a href="/wiki/V" class="mw-disambig" title="V">V</a>, <a href="/wiki/W" class="mw-disambig" title="W">W</a>, <a href="/wiki/X" class="mw-disambig" title="X">X</a>, <a href="/wiki/Y" class="mw-disambig" title="Y">Y</a>, <a href="/wiki/Z" class="mw-disambig" title="Z">Z</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=%C5%B9&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ź (rûpel hê tune)">Ź</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=%C5%BB&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ż (rûpel hê tune)">Ż</a>. </p><p>Ą, Ę, Ń û Y li serî wûşeyên de nen bikaranîn. Q, V û X têne di wûşeyên di zimanên biyanî de derbaza polonî de tên bikaranîn. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Belavbûna_erdnîgarî"><span id="Belavb.C3.BBna_erdn.C3.AEgar.C3.AE"></span>Belavbûna erdnîgarî</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ziman%C3%AA_polon%C3%AE&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Beşê biguhêre: Belavbûna erdnîgarî" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>biguhêre</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ziman%C3%AA_polon%C3%AE&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section's source code: Belavbûna erdnîgarî"><span>çavkaniyê biguhêre</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Polonya yek ji welatên Ewropayê ya herî homojen e ku nêzîkî %97 ji welatiyên Polonyayê zimanê polonî wekî zimanê xwe yê yekem diyar dikin. Li deverên din, polonî li deverên ku berê ku ji aliyê Polonya ve hatine rêvebirin yan jî desteserkirin, bi taybetî li welatên cîranên wekî Lîtvanya, Belarûs û li Ûkraynayê polonî hindikahiyên mezin pêk tînin. Ji ber ku Vilnius ji sala 1922an heya sala 1939an beşek ji Polonyayê bû polonî li eyaleta Vilnius a Lîtvanyayê li gorî daneyên sala 2001ê bi rêjeya %26 nifûsa wîlayetê, hindikahiya herî zêde tê pêk dianîn. Ji aliyê din ve zimanê polonî li cihekî din welêt li başûrê rojhilatê <a href="/wiki/L%C3%AEtvanya" title="Lîtvanya">Lîtvanyayê</a> jî tê dîtin. Zimanê polonî li gel Belarusa rojava ku ji aliyê hindikahiyek girîng a polonî ve tê bikar anîn, li Ûkraynayê herî zêde li beşên rojavayî yên Lviv û Oblasta Volynê tê bikaranîn nemaze li herêmên Brest û Grodno û li deverên li ser sinorê Lîtvanyayê zimanê polonî tê axavtin. Di nav koçberên polonî û neviyên wan ên li gelek welatên din de hejmareke girîng a polonîaxiv hene. </p><p>Li Dewletên Yekbûyî yên Amerîkayê poloniyên amerîkî ji 11 milyonan zêdetir in lê piraniya wan nikarin bi rihetî bi polonî biaxivin. Li gorî serjimêriya Dewletên Yekbûyî ya sala 2000an de 667.414 Amerîkîyên ji pênc salî û mezintir, polonî wekî zimanê ku li malê tê axaftin ragihandine. Ev jî nêzîkî ji %1.4 ji mirovên ku bi îngilîzî diaxivin, ji %0,25 ji nifûsa ku bi zimanên din ên derveyî îngilîzî diaxivin û ji %6 ji nifûsa polonî-amerîkî pêk tîne. Li gorî daneyan ku axêverên polonî hatine ragihandin (zêdeyî %50) li hersê dewletên wekî Illinois (185.749), New York (111.740) û New Jersey (74.663) axivêrên polonî hatine dîtin.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Li gorî daneyên serjimêriya sala 2011an li Îngilîstan û Wales zêdetirî 500.000 kes hene ku polonî wekî zimanê xwe yê "sereke" dihesibînin. Li Kanada hêjmareke girîng a nifûsa kanadayî ya polonî heye ku li gorî daneyên serjimêriya sala 2006an 242.885 kesên ku bi polonî diaxivin hene. Bi taybetî ev kes li bajarê wekî <a href="/wiki/Toronto" title="Toronto">Toronto</a> (91.810 axaftvan) û li Montrealê dijîn.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Belavbûna erdnîgarî ya zimanê polonî ji ber guhertinên axa Polonyayê, yekser piştî Şerê Cîhanê yê Duyem û veguheztina nifûsa polonî (1944–46) pir bi bandor bûye. Polonî li rojava û bakur ku berê bi piranî almanîaxiv bûn, li "Herêmên Rizgarkirî" bi cih dibin. Hinek polonî li herêmên berê yên polonî yên li rojhilat ku ji hêla Yekîtiya Sovyetê ve hatiye desteserkirin dimînim. Tevî ku gelek polonî ji wan deveran berbi deverên ber bi sinorên nû yên Polonyayê ve hatine, civakên polonîaxiv ên îro yên li Lîtvanya, Belarûs û Ûkraynayê di wî demê de li wan welatan dimînin. Li rojhilatê Polonyayê, hindikahiya herî girîng a polonî li qadeke teng û dirêj li her du aliyên sinorê Lîtvanya û Belarûsê dijîn. Di vê navberê de revîn û derxistina almananam (1944-1950) û her weha derxistina ûkrayniyan û Operasyona Vistula, koçkirina hindikahiyên ûkraynî ya sala 1947an li Herêmên Veguhestî li rojavayê welêt, tevkarî li homojeniya zimanî ya welêt kiriye. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Zaravayên_polonî"><span id="Zaravay.C3.AAn_polon.C3.AE"></span>Zaravayên polonî</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ziman%C3%AA_polon%C3%AE&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Beşê biguhêre: Zaravayên polonî" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>biguhêre</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ziman%C3%AA_polon%C3%AE&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section's source code: Zaravayên polonî"><span>çavkaniyê biguhêre</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Her çiqas cudahiyên di navbera celebên kevneşopî yên nûjen û polonî yên standard (język ogólnopolski) de gelek hindik xuya bibe jî niştecîhên herêmên cihêreng ên Polonyayê heya roja îro jî bi polonî hinekî cûda diaxivin. Piraniya temenên navîn û ciwan bi zimanên herêmî ya nêzîkî poloniya standard diaxivin.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Di heman demê de zaravayên kevneşopî di nav mirovên temen-mezin de li deverên gundewarî de têne parastin. Axêverên zimanê yekem ên polonî di fêmkirina hevûdu de pirsgirêkên girîng çênabe û axêverên ne-xwemalî (poloniyên derveyê welêt) dibe ku di naskirina cudahiyên herêmî û civakî de zehmetî bikşînin. Zaravayê standard modern, ku pir caran wekî "poloniya rast" tê binav kirin, li seranserê welêt tê axaftin û di navbera civakên cudayên xwemalî ve tê fem kirin.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_15-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Zimanê polonî bi kevneşopî wekî ku ji sê-pênc zaravayên sereke yên herêmî pêk tê, hatiye binav kirin: </p> <ul><li>Poloniya berfireh, li rojavayê Polonyayê tê axaftin.</li> <li>Poloniya kêm-berfireh, li başûr û başûrê rojhilatê Polonyayê tê axaftin.</li> <li>Masovî, li seranserê navendî û li rojhilatê Polonyayê tê axaftin.</li></ul> <p>Silezî û Kaşûbî ku bi rêzê re li Silezyaya Jorîn û Pomeranyayê têne axaftin, li gorî pîvanên ku têne bikar anîn, wekî zaravayên polonî yan jî zimanên cihê têne fikirîn.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Kaşûbî rêzeke taybetmendiya ziman vedihewîne ku li cihek din ên li Polonyayê nehatiye dîtin. Wek mînak neh dengdêrên devkî yên cihê (li hember şeşên polonî yên standard) û (di zaravayên bakur de) stresa peyva fonemîkî ku taybetmendiyek arkaîk e û ji demên Slaviya Hevpar ve hatiye parastin ku li cihek din di nav zimanên Slaviya Rojava de nehatiye dîtin. Lêbelê ev yek ji aliyê hinek zimannasan ve wekî ku piraniya diyarkerên zimanî û civakî yên ziman-sernav tine ye hatiye binav kirin.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Hinek çavkaniyên zimannasî zimanê sîlezî wekî zimanek herêmî ji polonî veqetandî kategorîze dikin hinek kes jî berevajiya vê yekê silezî wekî zaravayek polonî dihesibînin. Gelek Silezî xwe wek etnîsîteyek cuda dihesibînin û ji bo naskirina zimanê silezî wekî zimanek herêmî yê li Polonyayê diparêzin. Qanûna ku silezî bi vî awayî nas dikir di nîsana sala 2024an de ji hêla Sejm û Senatoyê ve hate pejirandin lê di dawiya gulana sala 2024an de ji hêla serokê Polonyayê Andrzej Duda ve hatiye veto kirin. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Çavkanî"><span id=".C3.87avkan.C3.AE"></span>Çavkanî</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ziman%C3%AA_polon%C3%AE&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Beşê biguhêre: Çavkanî" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>biguhêre</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ziman%C3%AA_polon%C3%AE&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section's source code: Çavkanî"><span>çavkaniyê biguhêre</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1068480">.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%;margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1850135">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#3a3;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}</style><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/topic/Lekhitic-languages">"Lekhitic languages | Slavic, Baltic & Germanic | Britannica"</a>. <i>www.britannica.com</i> (bi îngilîzî)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Roja gihiştinê <span class="nowrap">9 tebax</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.britannica.com&rft.atitle=Lekhitic+languages+%7C+Slavic%2C+Baltic+%26+Germanic+%7C+Britannica&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.britannica.com%2Ftopic%2FLekhitic-languages&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fku.wikipedia.org%3AZiman%C3%AA+polon%C3%AE" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1850135"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230618002011/https://www.ethnologue.com/insights/ethnologue200/">"What are the top 200 most spoken languages? | Ethnologue Free"</a>. <i>web.archive.org</i>. 18 hezîran 2023. Ji orîjînalê hat arşîvkirin. Roja arşîvkirinê: 18 hezîran 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Roja gihiştinê <span class="nowrap">9 tebax</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=web.archive.org&rft.atitle=What+are+the+top+200+most+spoken+languages%3F+%7C+Ethnologue+Free&rft.date=2023-06-18&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ethnologue.com%2Finsights%2Fethnologue200%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fku.wikipedia.org%3AZiman%C3%AA+polon%C3%AE" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/%C5%9Eablon:Cite_web" class="mw-redirect" title="Şablon:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (<a href="/wiki/Kategor%C3%AE:CS1_maint:_bot:_original_URL_status_unknown" title="Kategorî:CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown">lînk</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1850135"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230607135739/https://www.forbes.com/sites/davekeating/2020/02/06/despite-brexit-english-remains-the-eus-most-spoken-language-by-far/">"Despite Brexit, English Remains The EU's Most Spoken Language By Far"</a>. <i>web.archive.org</i>. 7 hezîran 2023. Ji orîjînalê hat arşîvkirin. Roja arşîvkirinê: 7 hezîran 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Roja gihiştinê <span class="nowrap">9 tebax</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=web.archive.org&rft.atitle=Despite+Brexit%2C+English+Remains+The+EU%E2%80%99s+Most+Spoken+Language+By+Far&rft.date=2023-06-07&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.forbes.com%2Fsites%2Fdavekeating%2F2020%2F02%2F06%2Fdespite-brexit-english-remains-the-eus-most-spoken-language-by-far%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fku.wikipedia.org%3AZiman%C3%AA+polon%C3%AE" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/%C5%9Eablon:Cite_web" class="mw-redirect" title="Şablon:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (<a href="/wiki/Kategor%C3%AE:CS1_maint:_bot:_original_URL_status_unknown" title="Kategorî:CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown">lînk</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1850135"><cite class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=yRz0DQAAQBAJ&pg=PA25"><i>Multilingual Europe, Multilingual Europeans</i></a> (bi îngilîzî). BRILL. 29 hezîran 2015. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Taybet:BookSources/978-94-012-0803-1" title="Taybet:BookSources/978-94-012-0803-1"><bdi>978-94-012-0803-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Multilingual+Europe%2C+Multilingual+Europeans&rft.pub=BRILL&rft.date=2015-06-29&rft.isbn=978-94-012-0803-1&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DyRz0DQAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA25&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fku.wikipedia.org%3AZiman%C3%AA+polon%C3%AE" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1850135"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140816122217/http://www.todaytranslations.com/language-history/polish/">"Polish Language History and Facts | Today Translations London, UK"</a>. <i>web.archive.org</i>. 16 tebax 2014. Ji orîjînalê hat arşîvkirin. Roja arşîvkirinê: 16 tebax 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Roja gihiştinê <span class="nowrap">9 tebax</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=web.archive.org&rft.atitle=Polish+Language+History+and+Facts+%7C+Today+Translations+London%2C+UK&rft.date=2014-08-16&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.todaytranslations.com%2Flanguage-history%2Fpolish%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fku.wikipedia.org%3AZiman%C3%AA+polon%C3%AE" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/%C5%9Eablon:Cite_web" class="mw-redirect" title="Şablon:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (<a href="/wiki/Kategor%C3%AE:CS1_maint:_bot:_original_URL_status_unknown" title="Kategorî:CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown">lînk</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1850135"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230608161043/https://www.wroclaw.pl/en/the-book-of-henrykow-on-unescos-list-01">"The Book of Henryków on UNESCO's list!"</a>. <i>web.archive.org</i>. 8 hezîran 2023. Ji orîjînalê hat arşîvkirin. Roja arşîvkirinê: 8 hezîran 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Roja gihiştinê <span class="nowrap">9 tebax</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=web.archive.org&rft.atitle=The+Book+of+Henryk%C3%B3w+on+UNESCO%E2%80%99s+list%21&rft.date=2023-06-08&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.wroclaw.pl%2Fen%2Fthe-book-of-henrykow-on-unescos-list-01&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fku.wikipedia.org%3AZiman%C3%AA+polon%C3%AE" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/%C5%9Eablon:Cite_web" class="mw-redirect" title="Şablon:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (<a href="/wiki/Kategor%C3%AE:CS1_maint:_bot:_original_URL_status_unknown" title="Kategorî:CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown">lînk</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1850135"><cite id="CITEREFStankiewicz1984" class="citation book cs1">Stankiewicz, Edward (1984). <i>Grammars and dictionaries of the Slavic languages from the Middle Ages up to 1850: an annotated bibliography</i>. Berlin ; New York: Mouton. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Taybet:BookSources/978-3-11-009778-8" title="Taybet:BookSources/978-3-11-009778-8"><bdi>978-3-11-009778-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Grammars+and+dictionaries+of+the+Slavic+languages+from+the+Middle+Ages+up+to+1850%3A+an+annotated+bibliography&rft.place=Berlin+%3B+New+York&rft.pub=Mouton&rft.date=1984&rft.isbn=978-3-11-009778-8&rft.aulast=Stankiewicz&rft.aufirst=Edward&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fku.wikipedia.org%3AZiman%C3%AA+polon%C3%AE" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1850135"><cite class="citation book cs1"><i>Eastern European journalism: before, during and after communism</i>. The Hampton Press communication series. Cresskill, N.J: Hampton Press. 1999. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Taybet:BookSources/978-1-57273-177-6" title="Taybet:BookSources/978-1-57273-177-6"><bdi>978-1-57273-177-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Eastern+European+journalism%3A+before%2C+during+and+after+communism&rft.place=Cresskill%2C+N.J&rft.series=The+Hampton+Press+communication+series&rft.pub=Hampton+Press&rft.date=1999&rft.isbn=978-1-57273-177-6&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fku.wikipedia.org%3AZiman%C3%AA+polon%C3%AE" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1850135"><cite id="CITEREFBideleuxJeffries1998" class="citation book cs1">Bideleux, Robert; Jeffries, Ian (1998). <i>A history of Eastern Europe: crisis and change</i>. London ; New York: Routledge. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Taybet:BookSources/978-0-415-16111-4" title="Taybet:BookSources/978-0-415-16111-4"><bdi>978-0-415-16111-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+history+of+Eastern+Europe%3A+crisis+and+change&rft.place=London+%3B+New+York&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=1998&rft.isbn=978-0-415-16111-4&rft.aulast=Bideleux&rft.aufirst=Robert&rft.au=Jeffries%2C+Ian&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fku.wikipedia.org%3AZiman%C3%AA+polon%C3%AE" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1850135"><cite id="CITEREFComrie2009" class="citation book cs1">Comrie, Bernard, edîtor (2009). <i>The world's major languages</i>. London: Routledge. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Taybet:BookSources/978-0-415-35339-7" title="Taybet:BookSources/978-0-415-35339-7"><bdi>978-0-415-35339-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+world%27s+major+languages&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=978-0-415-35339-7&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fku.wikipedia.org%3AZiman%C3%AA+polon%C3%AE" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1850135"><cite id="CITEREFKamusella2009" class="citation book cs1">Kamusella, Tomasz (2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/title/190620094"><i>The politics of language and nationalism in modern Central Europe</i></a>. Basingstoke [England] ; New York: Palgrave Macmillan. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Taybet:BookSources/978-0-230-55070-4" title="Taybet:BookSources/978-0-230-55070-4"><bdi>978-0-230-55070-4</bdi></a>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=OCLC_(identifier)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="OCLC (identifier) (rûpel hê tune)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/190620094">190620094</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+politics+of+language+and+nationalism+in+modern+Central+Europe&rft.place=Basingstoke+%5BEngland%5D+%3B+New+York&rft.pub=Palgrave+Macmillan&rft.date=2009&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F190620094&rft.isbn=978-0-230-55070-4&rft.aulast=Kamusella&rft.aufirst=Tomasz&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.worldcat.org%2Ftitle%2F190620094&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fku.wikipedia.org%3AZiman%C3%AA+polon%C3%AE" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Kamusella2009-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Kamusella2009_12-0">a</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Kamusella2009_12-1">b</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1850135"><cite id="CITEREFKamusella2009" class="citation journal cs1">Kamusella, Tomasz (2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780230583474">"The Politics of Language and Nationalism in Modern Central Europe"</a>. <i>The Politics of Language and Nationalism in Modern Central Europe</i>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Doi_(identifier)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Doi (identifier) (rûpel hê tune)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1057%2F9780230583474">10.1057/9780230583474</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Politics+of+Language+and+Nationalism+in+Modern+Central+Europe&rft.atitle=The+Politics+of+Language+and+Nationalism+in+Modern+Central+Europe&rft.date=2009&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1057%2F9780230583474&rft.aulast=Kamusella&rft.aufirst=Tomasz&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1057%2F9780230583474&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fku.wikipedia.org%3AZiman%C3%AA+polon%C3%AE" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1850135"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.census.gov/population/cen2000/phc-t20/tab05.pdf">"census.gov/population"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=census.gov%2Fpopulation&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.census.gov%2Fpopulation%2Fcen2000%2Fphc-t20%2Ftab05.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fku.wikipedia.org%3AZiman%C3%AA+polon%C3%AE" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1850135"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080527030141/http://www12.statcan.ca/english/census06/data/topics/RetrieveProductTable.cfm?ALEVEL=3&APATH=3&CATNO=&DETAIL=0&DIM=&DS=99&FL=0&FREE=0&GAL=0&GC=99&GK=NA&GRP=1&IPS=&METH=0&ORDER=1&PID=89189&PTYPE=88971&RL=0&S=1&ShowAll=No&StartRow=1&SUB=705&Temporal=2006&Theme=70&VID=0&VNAMEE=&VNAMEF=">"Various Languages Spoken (147), Age Groups (17A) and Sex (3) for the Population of Canada, Provinces, Territories, Census Metropolitan Areas and Census Agglomerations, 2006 Census - 20% Sample Data"</a>. <i>web.archive.org</i>. 27 gulan 2008. Ji <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www12.statcan.ca/english/census06/data/topics/RetrieveProductTable.cfm?ALEVEL=3&APATH=3&CATNO=&DETAIL=0&DIM=&DS=99&FL=0&FREE=0&GAL=0&GC=99&GK=NA&GRP=1&IPS=&METH=0&ORDER=1&PID=89189&PTYPE=88971&RL=0&S=1&ShowAll=No&StartRow=1&SUB=705&Temporal=2006&Theme=70&VID=0&VNAMEE=&VNAMEF=">orîjînalê</a> di 27 gulan 2008 de hat arşîvkirin<span class="reference-accessdate">. Roja gihiştinê <span class="nowrap">12 tebax</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=web.archive.org&rft.atitle=Various+Languages+Spoken+%28147%29%2C+Age+Groups+%2817A%29+and+Sex+%283%29+for+the+Population+of+Canada%2C+Provinces%2C+Territories%2C+Census+Metropolitan+Areas+and+Census+Agglomerations%2C+2006+Census+-+20%25+Sample+Data&rft.date=2008-05-27&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww12.statcan.ca%2Fenglish%2Fcensus06%2Fdata%2Ftopics%2FRetrieveProductTable.cfm%3FALEVEL%3D3%26APATH%3D3%26CATNO%3D%26DETAIL%3D0%26DIM%3D%26DS%3D99%26FL%3D0%26FREE%3D0%26GAL%3D0%26GC%3D99%26GK%3DNA%26GRP%3D1%26IPS%3D%26METH%3D0%26ORDER%3D1%26PID%3D89189%26PTYPE%3D88971%26RL%3D0%26S%3D1%26ShowAll%3DNo%26StartRow%3D1%26SUB%3D705%26Temporal%3D2006%26Theme%3D70%26VID%3D0%26VNAMEE%3D%26VNAMEF%3D&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fku.wikipedia.org%3AZiman%C3%AA+polon%C3%AE" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-:0_15-0">a</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-:0_15-1">b</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1850135"><cite id="CITEREFTulasiewicz2005" class="citation book cs1">Tulasiewicz, Witold, edîtor (2005). <i>Teaching the mother tongue in a multilingual Europe</i>. Continuum studies in language and education. London New York: Continuum. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Taybet:BookSources/978-0-8264-7027-0" title="Taybet:BookSources/978-0-8264-7027-0"><bdi>978-0-8264-7027-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Teaching+the+mother+tongue+in+a+multilingual+Europe&rft.place=London+New+York&rft.series=Continuum+studies+in+language+and+education&rft.pub=Continuum&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=978-0-8264-7027-0&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fku.wikipedia.org%3AZiman%C3%AA+polon%C3%AE" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1850135"><cite class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=OXFpAAAAMAAJ"><i>Polish Western Affairs</i></a> (bi îngilîzî). Instytut Zachodni. 1989.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Polish+Western+Affairs&rft.pub=Instytut+Zachodni.&rft.date=1989&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DOXFpAAAAMAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fku.wikipedia.org%3AZiman%C3%AA+polon%C3%AE" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1850135"><cite id="CITEREFCampbellKing2020" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Campbell, George L.; King, Gareth (1 tîrmeh 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=DWAqAAAAQBAJ"><i>Compendium of the World's Languages</i></a> (bi îngilîzî). Routledge. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Taybet:BookSources/978-1-136-25846-6" title="Taybet:BookSources/978-1-136-25846-6"><bdi>978-1-136-25846-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Compendium+of+the+World%27s+Languages&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2020-07-01&rft.isbn=978-1-136-25846-6&rft.aulast=Campbell&rft.aufirst=George+L.&rft.au=King%2C+Gareth&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DDWAqAAAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fku.wikipedia.org%3AZiman%C3%AA+polon%C3%AE" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1850135"><cite id="CITEREFSherekh1958" class="citation book cs1">Sherekh, Iı̐Uı̐Łrii (1958). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://archive.org/details/readerinhistoryo00sher"><i>A reader in the history of the eastern Slavic languages: Russian, Belorussian, Ukrainian</i></a>. Internet Archive. New York, Columbia University Press.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+reader+in+the+history+of+the+eastern+Slavic+languages%3A+Russian%2C+Belorussian%2C+Ukrainian&rft.pub=New+York%2C+Columbia+University+Press&rft.date=1958&rft.aulast=Sherekh&rft.aufirst=I%C4%B1%CC%90U%C4%B1%CC%90%C5%81rii&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Freaderinhistoryo00sher&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fku.wikipedia.org%3AZiman%C3%AA+polon%C3%AE" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Girêdanên_derve"><span id="Gir.C3.AAdan.C3.AAn_derve"></span>Girêdanên derve</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ziman%C3%AA_polon%C3%AE&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Beşê biguhêre: Girêdanên derve" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>biguhêre</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a 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