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class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Modern fiction</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Modern_fiction-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span 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href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Morgause" title="Morgause – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Morgause" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Morgause" title="Morgause – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Morgause" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Morgause" title="Morgause – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Morgause" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9C%CE%BF%CF%81%CE%B3%CE%BA%CE%AC%CE%BF%CF%85%CE%B6" title="Μοργκάουζ – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Μοργκάουζ" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Morgause" title="Morgause – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Morgause" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Morgause" title="Morgause – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Morgause" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Morgause" title="Morgause – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Morgause" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Morgause" title="Morgause – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Morgause" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Morgause" title="Morgause – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Morgause" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Morgause" title="Morgause – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Morgause" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%A2%E3%83%AB%E3%82%B4%E3%83%BC%E3%82%B9" title="モルゴース – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="モルゴース" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Morgause" title="Morgause – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Morgause" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%83%D0%B7%D0%B0" title="Моргауза – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Моргауза" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Morgause" title="Morgause – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Morgause" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Morgause" title="Morgause – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Morgause" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Morgause" title="Morgause – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Morgause" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%BE%D1%80%D2%91%D0%B0%D1%83%D0%B7%D0%B0" title="Морґауза – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Морґауза" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%91%A9%E9%AB%98%E6%96%AF" title="摩高斯 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="摩高斯" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a 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searchaux" style="display:none">Character in later Arthurian traditions</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Fictional character</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1256394594">.mw-parser-output .ib-character{border-spacing:2px 5px}.mw-parser-output .ib-character .infobox-above,.mw-parser-output .ib-character .infobox-header{background-color:#DEDEE2}.mw-parser-output .ib-character .infobox-image img{background-color:#f8f9fa}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ib-character .infobox-above,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ib-character .infobox-header{background:hsl(240,6%,20%);color:inherit}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ib-character .infobox-above,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ib-character .infobox-header{background:hsl(240,6%,20%);color:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox ib-character"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above notheme">Morgause</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader"><i><a href="/wiki/Matter_of_Britain" title="Matter of Britain">Matter of Britain</a></i> character</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Based on</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="#Character_history_and_counterparts">Anna and possibly Gwyar, others</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header notheme">In-universe information</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Title</th><td class="infobox-data">Queen of <a href="/wiki/Orkney" title="Orkney">Orkney</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Occupation</th><td class="infobox-data">Princess, queen</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Family</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Igraine" title="Igraine">Igraine</a> and <a href="/wiki/Gorlois" title="Gorlois">Gorlois</a> (parents), <a href="/wiki/King_Arthur" title="King Arthur">Arthur</a>, <a href="/wiki/Morgan_le_Fay" title="Morgan le Fay">Morgan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Elaine_(legend)" title="Elaine (legend)">Elaine</a> (siblings)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Spouse</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/King_Lot" title="King Lot">Lot</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Significant <span class="nowrap">other</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Lamorak" title="Lamorak">Lamorak</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Children</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Gawain" title="Gawain">Gawain</a>, <a href="/wiki/Agravain" title="Agravain">Agravain</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gaheris" title="Gaheris">Gaheris</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gareth" title="Gareth">Gareth</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mordred" title="Mordred">Mordred</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Relatives</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/King_Arthur%27s_family" title="King Arthur's family">King Arthur's family</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Origin</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Tintagel_Castle" title="Tintagel Castle">Tintagel Castle</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Morgause</b> (<span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="'m' in 'my'">m</span><span title="/ɔːr/: 'ar' in 'war'">ɔːr</span><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="/ɡ/: 'g' in 'guy'">ɡ</span><span title="/eɪ/: 'a' in 'face'">eɪ</span><span title="'z' in 'zoom'">z</span></span>/</a></span></span>) is a popular variant of the figure of the <b>Queen of Orkney</b>, an <a href="/wiki/Arthurian_legend" class="mw-redirect" title="Arthurian legend">Arthurian legend</a> character also known by various other names and appearing in different forms of her archetype. She is notably the mother of <a href="/wiki/Gawain" title="Gawain">Gawain</a> and often also of <a href="/wiki/Mordred" title="Mordred">Mordred</a>, both key players in the story of her brother <a href="/wiki/King_Arthur" title="King Arthur">King Arthur</a> and his downfall. </p><p>In the early chronicles and romances based on or inspired by <a href="/wiki/Geoffrey_of_Monmouth" title="Geoffrey of Monmouth">Geoffrey of Monmouth</a>, as well as in the Welsh tradition, her figure and role are commonly that of Gawain's mother, and she is either a full or half sister to Arthur. In most cases, she is the wife or widow of <a href="/wiki/King_Lot" title="King Lot">King Lot</a>, ruling over either <a href="/wiki/Orkney" title="Orkney">Orkney</a> or <a href="/wiki/Lothian" title="Lothian">Lothian</a>. However, her name varies widely between texts, as does the issue of her children other than Gawain, and Mordred's own parentage is often only presumed rather than stated. </p><p>In a later popular tradition, Mordred becomes the offspring of Arthur's own <a href="/wiki/Accidental_incest" title="Accidental incest">accidental incest</a> with his estranged half-sister, whom <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Malory" title="Thomas Malory">Thomas Malory</a>'s seminal <i><a href="/wiki/Le_Morte_d%27Arthur" title="Le Morte d'Arthur">Le Morte d'Arthur</a></i> calls Morgause.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>Notes 1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Married to Lot, she is also mother of the <a href="/wiki/Knights_of_the_Round_Table" title="Knights of the Round Table">Knights of the Round Table</a> Gawain, <a href="/wiki/Agravain" title="Agravain">Agravain</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gareth" title="Gareth">Gareth</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Gaheris" title="Gaheris">Gaheris</a>, the last of whom murders her in some late romances including Malory's compilation. Furthermore, she has been turned into a sister of <a href="/wiki/Morgan_le_Fay" title="Morgan le Fay">Morgan</a>, with whom she is often conflated into a single character by modern authors. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Medieval_literature">Medieval literature</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Morgause&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Medieval literature"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Character_history_and_counterparts">Character history and counterparts</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Morgause&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Character history and counterparts"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The corresponding character in <a href="/wiki/Geoffrey_of_Monmouth" title="Geoffrey of Monmouth">Geoffrey of Monmouth</a>'s early-12th-century Norman-Welsh chronicle <i><a href="/wiki/Historia_Regum_Britanniae" title="Historia Regum Britanniae">Historia Regum Britanniae</a></i> is named <b>Anna</b>, who is depicted as the sole daughter of <a href="/wiki/Uther_Pendragon" title="Uther Pendragon">Uther Pendragon</a> and his wife <a href="/wiki/Igraine" title="Igraine">Igraine</a>, thus making her <a href="/wiki/King_Arthur" title="King Arthur">Arthur</a>'s full (younger) sister. She is the wife of <a href="/wiki/King_Lot" title="King Lot">King Lot</a> and the mother of <a href="/wiki/Gawain" title="Gawain">Gawain</a> and presumably also <a href="/wiki/Mordred" title="Mordred">Mordred</a> (described only as Arthur's nephew but without mentioning any other of Arthur's sisters). However, Geoffrey says very little about her otherwise. This was later elaborated in the romance <i><a href="/wiki/De_Ortu_Waluuanii" title="De Ortu Waluuanii">De Ortu Waluuanii</a></i>, telling how the teenage Lot fell in mutual love with the also young Anna while serving as her page when he was a royal hostage at the court of Uther. </p><p>In <a href="/wiki/Layamon" title="Layamon">Layamon</a>'s English <i><a href="/wiki/Layamon%27s_Brut" title="Layamon's Brut">Brut</a></i>, Anna and Lot, king of Scotland, are said (in <a href="/wiki/Merlin" title="Merlin">Merlin</a>'s prophecy) to have seven children in all, but her only male offspring are Gawain and Mordred.<sup id="cite_ref-fem_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-fem-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Wace" title="Wace">Wace</a>'s Norman chronicle <i><a href="/wiki/Roman_de_Brut" title="Roman de Brut">Roman de Brut</a></i> calls her queen of the Scots (even as her husband Lot is not truly a king there<sup id="cite_ref-fem_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-fem-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>) and mother of Gawain, but does not mention either hers or Gawain's relation to Mordred (again described only as Arthur's nephew). According to <a href="/wiki/John_Fordun" class="mw-redirect" title="John Fordun">John Fordun</a>'s 14th-century Scottish chronicle, <i><a href="/wiki/Chronica_Gentis_Scotorum" title="Chronica Gentis Scotorum">Chronica Gentis Scotorum</a></i>, Anna and consequently her and Lot's son Mordred were the rightful heirs to the throne, as Arthur was merely Uther's bastard son. This motif is followed in the later Scottish chronicle tradition as well. In <a href="/wiki/Hector_Boece" title="Hector Boece">Hector Boece</a>'s <i>Historia Gentis Scotorum</i>, for instance, the wife of the <a href="/wiki/Picts" title="Picts">Pictish</a> king Loth is Anna later called <b>Cristina</b>, the "queen of the Picts of great honour and fame,"<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> who here too is depicted as the rightful heir of Uther but as his sister (Arthur's aunt). </p><p>A parent of Gawain's Welsh forerunner, Gwalchmei ap Gwyar (in later Welsh Arthurian literature, Gawain is synonymous with the native champion Gwalchmei), is one <b>Gwyar</b>. A very early Welsh Arthurian tale (considered to predate that of Geoffrey), <i><a href="/wiki/Culhwch_and_Olwen" title="Culhwch and Olwen">Culhwch and Olwen</a></i>, also gives Gwalchmai son of Gwyar (fab Gwyar) a brother named Gwalhafed son of Gwyar. <i>Gwyar</i> (meaning "gore"<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> or "spilled blood/bloodshed"<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>) is likely the name of Gwalchmei's mother, rather than his father as is the standard in the <a href="/wiki/Welsh_Triads" title="Welsh Triads">Welsh Triads</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Bromwich369_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bromwich369-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (<a href="/wiki/Matronymics" class="mw-redirect" title="Matronymics">Matronyms</a> were sometimes used in Wales, as in the case of <a href="/wiki/Math_fab_Mathonwy" title="Math fab Mathonwy">Math fab Mathonwy</a> and <a href="/wiki/Gwydion" title="Gwydion">Gwydion</a> fab Dôn, and were also fairly common in early Ireland.<sup id="cite_ref-Bromwich369_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bromwich369-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>) Gwyar is indeed named as a female in one version of the hagiographical genealogy <i><a href="/wiki/Bonedd_y_Saint" title="Bonedd y Saint">Bonedd y Saint</a></i>, which identifies her as a daughter of <a href="/wiki/Amlawdd_Wledig" title="Amlawdd Wledig">Amlawdd Wledig</a>, and thus again as Arthur's aunt instead of his sister. The 14th-century fragment <i>Birth of Arthur</i> substitutes Geoffrey's Anna as Gwalchmei's mother.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Some Welsh adaptations of the <i>Historia Regum Britanniae</i> ("Welsh Bruts"), such as the <i><a href="/wiki/Brut_Tysilio" class="mw-redirect" title="Brut Tysilio">Brut Tysilio</a></i>, also explicitly identify Anna with Gwyar, even using both of these names simultaneously for the wife of Lleu (Lot).<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Other sources do not follow this substitution, however, indicating that Gwyar and Anna may have originated independently.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <i>Birth of Arthur</i> further gives Anna her first husband, Emyr Llydaw (<a href="/wiki/Budic_II_of_Brittany" title="Budic II of Brittany">Budic II of Brittany</a>), king of <a href="/wiki/Armorica" title="Armorica">Armorica</a>, by whom she is the mother of Howel (<a href="/wiki/Hoel" class="mw-redirect" title="Hoel">Hoel</a>),<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and furthermore gives her three daughters by Lleu in addition to the sons Gwalchmei and Medrawd (Mordred). </p><p><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Grey_(chronicler)" title="Thomas Grey (chronicler)">Thomas Grey</a>'s Anglo-Norman chronicle <i><a href="/wiki/Scalacronica" title="Scalacronica">Scalacronica</a></i> mentions Arthur's "eldest" (not just elder) sister as bestowed by him on Lot. In Alain Bouchart's Breton <i>Grande Croniques de Bretagne</i>, "Anna or <b>Emine</b>"<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> is Uther's eldest child, who there also marries Budic and births Hoel. In <a href="/wiki/Wolfram_von_Eschenbach" title="Wolfram von Eschenbach">Wolfram von Eschenbach</a>'s romance <i><a href="/wiki/Parzival" title="Parzival">Parzival</a></i>, Uther's daughter <b>Sangîve</b> is first wed to a knight named Florant prior to her later marriage with Lot. Another German poet, <a href="/wiki/Der_Pleier" title="Der Pleier">Der Pleier</a>, calls the wife of King Lot and mother of Gawain <b>Seifê</b>. However, he also names one of Arthur's other sisters, <b>Anthonje</b>, as the mother of Gaharet, a figure corresponding to Gawain's younger brothers <a href="/wiki/Gaheris" title="Gaheris">Gaheris</a> and <a href="/wiki/Gareth" title="Gareth">Gareth</a> in other romances and whose father is an unnamed king of Gritenland. There and in other early works, in addition to Mordred (not always appearing within the texts, especially these dealing with Gawain's youth), Gawain is usually given <a href="/wiki/Gawain#Origin_narratives_and_alternate_siblings" title="Gawain">various sisters</a>. He also has a brother named Beacurs in <i>Parzival</i>. </p><p>The earliest known form of a Morgause-type name is <b>Orcades</b> (<i>Norcadés</i>), given to her in the <a href="/wiki/Perceval,_the_Story_of_the_Grail#First_Continuation" title="Perceval, the Story of the Grail">First Continuation</a> of <a href="/wiki/Chr%C3%A9tien_de_Troyes" title="Chrétien de Troyes">Chrétien de Troyes</a>' <i><a href="/wiki/Perceval,_the_Story_of_the_Grail" title="Perceval, the Story of the Grail">Perceval</a></i> (the former of which was once attributed to <a href="/wiki/Wauchier_de_Denain" title="Wauchier de Denain">Wauchier de Denain</a> and dated c. 1200). In the works by Chrétien and his continuators, she features as the mother of her sons Gawain, <a href="/wiki/Agravain" title="Agravain">Agravain</a>, Gaheris, and Gareth (as listed in <i>Perceval</i>), and her varying daughters include Clarissant and Soredamor. <i>Perceval</i> and some related romances tell how she lived hidden away in a castle with her mother and at least one daughter until her son Gawain achieved the adventure of the castle (see also <a href="/wiki/Castle_of_Maidens" class="mw-redirect" title="Castle of Maidens">Castle of Maidens</a>). As <b>Morcades</b> (<i>Morchades</i>, <i>Orchades</i>), she also appears in <i>Les Enfances Gauvain</i> (early 13th century) and again in Heinrich von dem Türlin's <i><a href="/wiki/Diu_Cr%C3%B4ne" title="Diu Crône">Diu Crône</a></i> (c. 1230). It is likely that her name was originally a place name, as "Orcades" coincides with the Latin name for Scotland's northern <a href="/wiki/Orkney" title="Orkney">Orkney</a> islands, the lands often described by authors as ruled by Gawain's parents (alternatively, their own realm is named <a href="/wiki/Lothian" title="Lothian">Lothian</a> in the south-west coast of Scotland). Medievalist <a href="/wiki/Roger_Sherman_Loomis" title="Roger Sherman Loomis">Roger Sherman Loomis</a> suggested that this toponym was corrupted first into the variants of "Morcades" and finally into "Morgause" due to the influence of the name "<a href="/wiki/Morgan_(given_name)" title="Morgan (given name)">Morgan</a>",<sup id="cite_ref-Loomis_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Loomis-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and also derived her figure from that of the Welsh mythology's humanised goddess <a href="/wiki/Dechtire" class="mw-redirect" title="Dechtire">Dechtire</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the prose romance tradition considered to have begun with the French <i><a href="/wiki/Merlin_(Robert_de_Boron_poem)" title="Merlin (Robert de Boron poem)">Merlin</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/Robert_de_Boron" title="Robert de Boron">Robert de Boron</a> around 1200 (including the <i>Vulgate Cycle</i> and the two non-French romances mentioned above), she is one of a varying number of Arthur's half-sisters. Their parents are <a href="/wiki/Gorlois" title="Gorlois">Gorlois</a> of <a href="/wiki/Tintagel" title="Tintagel">Tintagel</a>, <a href="/wiki/List_of_legendary_rulers_of_Cornwall" title="List of legendary rulers of Cornwall">Duke of Cornwall</a>, and his wife Lady Igraine (the later wife of Uther and mother of Arthur). In Robert's original <i>Merlin</i>, she appears unnamed (the only named sister is Morgan) and is referred to only as either "King Lot's wife" or the "Queen of Orkney" (<i>Orcanie</i>). Her version in the vast prose romance <i><a href="/wiki/Vulgate_Cycle" class="mw-redirect" title="Vulgate Cycle">Vulgate Cycle</a></i> from the early 13th century is named <b>Brimesent</b> (with manuscript variant <i>Hermesent</i>), who in turn is called <b>Belisent</b> in the late 13th-century <i><a href="/wiki/Of_Arthour_and_of_Merlin" title="Of Arthour and of Merlin">Arthour and Merlin</a></i> and <b>Albagia</b> in the 15th-century Italian compilation <i><a href="/wiki/La_Tavola_Ritonda" title="La Tavola Ritonda">La Tavola Ritonda</a></i>. In the <i><a href="/wiki/Post-Vulgate_Cycle" title="Post-Vulgate Cycle">Post-Vulgate Cycle</a></i>, she is never given a name and is referred to only as the Queen of Orkney. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="In_Malory_and_his_sources">In Malory and his sources</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Morgause&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: In Malory and his sources"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Malory" title="Thomas Malory">Thomas Malory</a>'s 1485 compilation of Arthurian legends <i><a href="/wiki/Le_Morte_d%27Arthur" title="Le Morte d'Arthur">Le Morte d'Arthur</a></i>, based largely on French prose cycles, Morgause (also <i>Morgawse</i> or <i>Margawse</i>) is one of three daughters born to Duke Gorlois and Lady Igraine. According to Malory, following his French prose cycles, their mother is widowed by, and then remarried to, Arthur's future father, the high king Uther Pendragon. Afterwards, she and her younger sisters, <a href="/wiki/Elaine_(legend)#Elaine_of_Garlot" title="Elaine (legend)">Elaine</a> (called Blasine in <i>Merlin</i>) and <a href="/wiki/Morgan_le_Fay" title="Morgan le Fay">Morgan</a> ("le Fay", later the mother of <a href="/wiki/Yvain" class="mw-redirect" title="Yvain">Yvain</a>), now Uther's foster daughters, are married off to allies or <a href="/wiki/Vassal_kingdom" class="mw-redirect" title="Vassal kingdom">vassals</a> of their stepfather. The young Morgause is wed to the Orcadian king Lot and bears him four sons, all of whom later go on to serve Arthur as key members of the <a href="/wiki/Knights_of_the_Round_Table" title="Knights of the Round Table">Knights of the Round Table</a>. They are Gawain, one of Arthur's greatest and closest companions with a darker side; Agravain, secretly a wretched and twisted traitor; Gaheris, a skilled fighter but troubled man; and finally the youngest Gareth, a gentle and loving good knight to whom Malory dedicates one of his work's eight parts (<i>The Book of Gareth of Orkney</i>). </p><p>Morgause's husband King Lot joins the failed rebellions against Arthur that follow in the wake of King Uther's death and the subsequent discovery and coronation of his heir. Acting as a spy during the war, she comes to <a href="/wiki/Carleon" class="mw-redirect" title="Carleon">Carleon</a>, where she visits the boy King Arthur, ignorant of their familial relationship, in his bedchamber, and they conceive Mordred. Her husband, who has unsuspectingly raised Mordred as his own son, is later slain in battle by King <a href="/wiki/Pellinore" class="mw-redirect" title="Pellinore">Pellinore</a>. All of her sons depart their father's <a href="/wiki/Court_(royal)" class="mw-redirect" title="Court (royal)">court</a> to take service at <a href="/wiki/Camelot" title="Camelot">Camelot</a>, where Gawain and Gaheris avenge Lot's death by killing Pellinore, thereby launching a long <a href="/wiki/Blood_feud" class="mw-redirect" title="Blood feud">blood feud</a> between the two families that contributes to bringing the ruin to Arthur's kingdom. </p><p>Nevertheless, Morgause has an affair with Sir <a href="/wiki/Lamorak" title="Lamorak">Lamorak</a>, a son of Pellinore and one of Arthur's best knights. Once, <a href="/wiki/Lancelot" title="Lancelot">Lancelot</a> and <a href="/wiki/Bleoberis" class="mw-redirect" title="Bleoberis">Bleoberis</a> even find Lamorak and <a href="/wiki/Meleagant" class="mw-redirect" title="Meleagant">Meleagant</a> fighting over which queen is more beautiful, Morgause or <a href="/wiki/Guinevere" title="Guinevere">Guinevere</a>. Eventually, her son Gaheris discovers them <i><a href="/wiki/In_flagrante_delicto" title="In flagrante delicto">in flagrante</a></i> together in bed while visiting her castle (the Post-Vulgate's castle Rethename in Orkney, near the border with Arthur's own <a href="/wiki/Logres" title="Logres">Logres</a>). Enraged, he grabs Morgause by her hair and swiftly beheads her, but spares her unarmed lover (who is left naked in bed covered in her blood and is killed later by four Orkney brothers in an unequal fight). Gaheris (who in the Post-Vulgate version defends his act as a just punishment of the queen for her "wretched debauchery"<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>) is consequently banished from the court of Arthur (though he reappears later in the narrative, eventually being slain by Lancelot during the rescue of Guinevere). </p><p>In the Post-Vulgate story, Gaheris' brothers Gawain and Agravain initially vow to kill him in revenge for their mother's death until they are persuaded by Gareth and <a href="/wiki/Bors" title="Bors">Bors</a> to end the bloodshed in the family. Arthur buries the Queen of Orkney in the main church in <a href="/wiki/Camelot" title="Camelot">Camelot</a>, inscribing the name of her killer on it, while everyone grieves for her and condemns the "treacherous and cruel" act of Gaheris, including actually even Gaheris himself in his self-exile.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In Malory's telling, however, Lancelot calls the slaying of Morgause "shameful", but Gawain seems to be angry at Gaheris only for leaving Lamorak alive at the spot.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Her death was first included in the Post-Vulgate <i>Queste</i>;<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Malory used the variant from the Second Version of the <a href="/wiki/Prose_Tristan" title="Prose Tristan">Prose <i>Tristan</i></a>. </p><p>The act of Mordred's conception is described variably in the different works of Arthurian romance. In the Vulgate <i>Merlin</i>, the episode takes place earlier, back when a young teenage Arthur was only a mere squire to his foster-brother <a href="/wiki/Sir_Kay" title="Sir Kay">Kay</a> (prior to the fateful drawing of <a href="/wiki/Excalibur" title="Excalibur">the sword in the stone</a>) and completely oblivious about his true heritage. During a meeting of the lords of Britain, when King Lot is out hunting, Arthur sneaks into the queen's chamber and pretends to be her husband; she eventually discovers the deception but forgives him the next morning and agrees to keep the incident a secret between the two of them. Conversely, a flashback scene in the Post-Vulgate <i>Merlin Continuation</i> portrays the Queen of Orkney as entirely aware and willing in her incestuous tryst with her young half-brother. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Modern_fiction">Modern fiction</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Morgause&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Modern fiction"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Gareth_and_Queen_Bellicent.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Gareth_and_Queen_Bellicent.jpg/170px-Gareth_and_Queen_Bellicent.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="215" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Gareth_and_Queen_Bellicent.jpg/255px-Gareth_and_Queen_Bellicent.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Gareth_and_Queen_Bellicent.jpg/340px-Gareth_and_Queen_Bellicent.jpg 2x" data-file-width="798" data-file-height="1007" /></a><figcaption>Young <a href="/wiki/Gareth" title="Gareth">Gareth</a> appealing to his mother Morgause (Queen Bellicent) to let him go serve <a href="/wiki/King_Arthur" title="King Arthur">King Arthur</a> in <i>Tales from Tennyson</i>, 1902</figcaption></figure> <p>In modern <a href="/wiki/List_of_works_based_on_Arthurian_legends" title="List of works based on Arthurian legends">Arthuriana</a>, Morgause is often turned into a <a href="/wiki/Composite_character" title="Composite character">composite character</a> as merged with that of Morgan le Fay; in <a href="/wiki/John_Boorman" title="John Boorman">John Boorman</a>'s film <i><a href="/wiki/Excalibur_(film)" title="Excalibur (film)">Excalibur</a></i> (1981), for instance, Morgause's role as the mother of Mordred is transferred to "Morgana". Other modern authors may keep them as separate characters but have Morgause inherit or share Morgan's own traits, sometimes even making Morgause a villain opposed to Morgan. According to E. R. Huber, "What becomes clear on reading <i>Le Morte d'Arthur</i> and its medieval predecessors is that Morgause was not a villain until the modern period."<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Some modern authors such as <a href="/wiki/Alfred_Tennyson" class="mw-redirect" title="Alfred Tennyson">Alfred Tennyson</a> or <a href="/wiki/Howard_Pyle" title="Howard Pyle">Howard Pyle</a> use the name <b>Bellicent</b>. </p> <ul><li>Morgause is the title character of <a href="/wiki/T.H._White" class="mw-redirect" title="T.H. White">T.H. White</a>'s novel <i><a href="/wiki/The_Queen_of_Air_and_Darkness" title="The Queen of Air and Darkness">The Queen of Air and Darkness</a></i> (1939), the second of four books in his series <i><a href="/wiki/The_Once_and_Future_King" title="The Once and Future King">The Once and Future King</a></i>. She is a widowed witch queen who hates Arthur due to his father killing her father and raping her mother. Morgause raises her children, known as the Orkney clan, to hate the Pendragons for the death of their father. She seduces Arthur through magic, siring Mordred. As in Malory, she is found in bed with Lamorak, but here it is Agravaine who kills her. Due to Mordred being raised by her alone, he is left damaged and hateful, blaming Arthur for his mother's death.</li> <li>In her <i><a href="/wiki/Mary_Stewart%27s_Merlin_Trilogy" title="Mary Stewart's Merlin Trilogy">Merlin</a></i> novels (1970–1983), <a href="/wiki/Mary_Stewart_(novelist)" title="Mary Stewart (novelist)">Mary Stewart</a> characterizes Morgause unflatteringly as an ambitious and resentful young princess who wants to learn magic from <a href="/wiki/Merlin" title="Merlin">Merlin</a>, but he refuses her. She seduces Arthur in the hope that she can later use it against him.</li> <li>A sorceress with authority over dark powers, Morgawse is a central figure in <i><a href="/wiki/Hawk_of_May" title="Hawk of May">Hawk of May</a></i> (1980) and its sequel, <i><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Summer" title="Kingdom of Summer">Kingdom of Summer</a></i> (1982), the first two novels in <a href="/wiki/Gillian_Bradshaw" title="Gillian Bradshaw">Gillian Bradshaw</a>'s <i>Down the Long Wind</i> series. In <i>Kingdom of Summer</i>, she and her husband ("King Lot of The Orcades") intrigue with <a href="/wiki/Maelgwn_Gwynedd" title="Maelgwn Gwynedd">King Maelgwn</a> of <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Gwynedd" title="Kingdom of Gwynedd">Gwynedd</a>, whom she takes as a lover. She is eventually magically defeated but spared by her good son and former apprentice Gwalchmai (Gawain) and soon later slain in revenge for her murder of Lot by their other son Agravain, to the despair of her and Arthur's son Medraut.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marion_Zimmer_Bradley" title="Marion Zimmer Bradley">Marion Zimmer Bradley</a> in her influential novel <i><a href="/wiki/The_Mists_of_Avalon" title="The Mists of Avalon">The Mists of Avalon</a></i> (1983) and make Morgause a villainous sorceresses who is younger sister of Igraine and <a href="/wiki/Viviane_(Arthurian_legend)" class="mw-redirect" title="Viviane (Arthurian legend)">Viviane</a> and aunt of the protagonist Morgaine (Morgan). After her niece gives birth to Mordred, Morgause adopts the newborn and rears him for Morgaine, his birth mother, thus assuming her traditional role of mother to Mordred. She was portrayed by <a href="/wiki/Joan_Allen" title="Joan Allen">Joan Allen</a> in the novel's <a href="/wiki/The_Mists_of_Avalon_(TV_miniseries)" class="mw-redirect" title="The Mists of Avalon (TV miniseries)">film adaptation</a> (2001).</li> <li>She appears in <i><a href="/wiki/The_Keltiad" title="The Keltiad">The Keltiad</a></i> series (1984-1998) by American <a href="/wiki/Celtic_Neopaganism" class="mw-redirect" title="Celtic Neopaganism">neopagan</a> <a href="/wiki/Patricia_Kennealy-Morrison" title="Patricia Kennealy-Morrison">Patricia Kennealy-Morrison</a> as the evil Marguessan, would-be usurper of the Throne of Scone and an <a href="/wiki/Evil_twin" title="Evil twin">evil twin</a> sister of Morgan.</li> <li>Morgause is the main antagonist in <i>The Squire's Tales</i> series (1998-2010) by <a href="/wiki/Gerald_Morris" title="Gerald Morris">Gerald Morris</a>. She is portrayed as the latest incarnation of "the enchantress", an evil sorceress who wishes to destroy the kings of men. She plots numerous times to kill King Arthur but is foiled in multiple books, however, she successfully seduces Arthur (who does not realize she is his half-sister) and births Mordred. In the final book she is killed by her son Gaheris, which undoes her evil spells.</li> <li>A main antagonist in the BBC television series <i><a href="/wiki/Merlin_(TV_series)" class="mw-redirect" title="Merlin (TV series)">Merlin</a></i> (2008–2012), <a href="/wiki/List_of_Merlin_characters#Morgause" title="List of Merlin characters">Morgause</a> is portrayed by actress <a href="/wiki/Emilia_Fox" title="Emilia Fox">Emilia Fox</a> as a powerful, <a href="/wiki/Lady_Macbeth" title="Lady Macbeth">Lady Macbeth</a>-like sorceress. She is fiercely loyal to her half-sister <a href="/wiki/Morgana_(Merlin_character)" class="mw-redirect" title="Morgana (Merlin character)">Morgana</a>, whom she seeks to make queen of Camelot. She ends up as a willing sacrifice for Morgana.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Morgause&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/King_Arthur%27s_family" title="King Arthur's family">King Arthur's family</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Morgause&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Dr Caitlin R. Green of www.Arthuriana.co.uk notes: "In the later Vulgate <i>Mort Artu</i>, Morguase – Arthur's supposed half-sister – is made to be Medraut [Mordred]'s mother and this incest motif is preserved in the romances based upon the <i>Mort Artu</i> (for example, Malory's <i>Morte Darthur</i>). Both this parentage and the incest motif are, however, clearly inventions of the <i>Mort Artu</i>, despite their modern popularity, and in all unrelated accounts the portrayal of Medraut is solidly Galfridian."<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Morgause&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Thompson, Raymond H. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.jstor.org/stable/27870220">“MORGAUSE OF ORKNEY: QUEEN OF AIR AND DARKNESS.”</a> <i>Quondam et Futurus</i> 3, no. 1 (1993): 1–13.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Morgause&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFGreen" class="citation web cs1">Green, Caitlin. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.arthuriana.co.uk/n&q/figures.htm">"Pre-Galfridian Arthurian Characters"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 November</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Pre-Galfridian+Arthurian+Characters&rft.aulast=Green&rft.aufirst=Caitlin&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.arthuriana.co.uk%2Fn%26q%2Ffigures.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMorgause" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-fem-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-fem_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-fem_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTolhurst2012" class="citation book cs1">Tolhurst, F. (12 November 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=ibBhAQAAQBAJ&pg=PT131"><i>Geoffrey of Monmouth and the Feminist Origins of the Arthurian Legend</i></a>. Springer. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-230-33794-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-230-33794-7"><bdi>978-0-230-33794-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Geoffrey+of+Monmouth+and+the+Feminist+Origins+of+the+Arthurian+Legend&rft.pub=Springer&rft.date=2012-11-12&rft.isbn=978-0-230-33794-7&rft.aulast=Tolhurst&rft.aufirst=F.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DibBhAQAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPT131&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMorgause" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBoeceStewart2024" class="citation web cs1">Boece, Hector; Stewart, William (2 June 2024). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=ZaDYvAJdrRoC&pg=PA209">"The Buik of the Croniclis of Scotland; or, A Metrical Version of the History of Hector Boece"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Buik+of+the+Croniclis+of+Scotland%3B+or%2C+A+Metrical+Version+of+the+History+of+Hector+Boece&rft.date=2024-06-02&rft.aulast=Boece&rft.aufirst=Hector&rft.au=Stewart%2C+William&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DZaDYvAJdrRoC%26pg%3DPA209&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMorgause" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFPughe1832">Pughe (1832)</a>, p. 195.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFRhys2004">Rhys (2004)</a>, p. 169.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Bromwich369-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Bromwich369_7-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Bromwich369_7-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBromwich2006">Bromwich (2006)</a>, p. 369.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBromwich2006">Bromwich (2006)</a>, pp. 369–370.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFInternational_Arthurian_Society1971" class="citation web cs1">International Arthurian Society (27 April 1971). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=0CRMAAAAMAAJ&pg=RA2-PA183">"Bulletin bibliographique de la Société internationale arthurienne"</a> – via Google Books.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Bulletin+bibliographique+de+la+Soci%C3%A9t%C3%A9+internationale+arthurienne&rft.date=1971-04-27&rft.au=International+Arthurian+Society&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D0CRMAAAAMAAJ%26pg%3DRA2-PA183&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMorgause" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBromwich2006">Bromwich (2006)</a>, p. 370.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBromwich2014" class="citation book cs1">Bromwich, Rachel (15 November 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=K2euBwAAQBAJ&pg=PA399"><i>Trioedd Ynys Prydein: The Triads of the Island of Britain</i></a>. University of Wales Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781783161461" title="Special:BookSources/9781783161461"><bdi>9781783161461</bdi></a> – via Google Books.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Trioedd+Ynys+Prydein%3A+The+Triads+of+the+Island+of+Britain&rft.pub=University+of+Wales+Press&rft.date=2014-11-15&rft.isbn=9781783161461&rft.aulast=Bromwich&rft.aufirst=Rachel&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DK2euBwAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA399&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMorgause" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFletcher1906" class="citation web cs1">Fletcher, Robert Huntington (1906). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=M3W0lMsK0jUC&pg=PA232">"The Arthurian Material in the Chronicles Especially Those of Great Britain and France"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Arthurian+Material+in+the+Chronicles+Especially+Those+of+Great+Britain+and+France&rft.date=1906&rft.aulast=Fletcher&rft.aufirst=Robert+Huntington&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DM3W0lMsK0jUC%26pg%3DPA232&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMorgause" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Loomis-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Loomis_13-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">R. S. Loomis, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070611104038/http://ads.ahds.ac.uk/catalogue/adsdata/PSAS_2002/pdf/vol_089/89_001_021.pdf"><i>Scotland and the Arthurian Legend</i></a>. Retrieved 26 January 2010.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLoomis1991" class="citation book cs1">Loomis, Roger Sherman (27 October 1991). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=DGQcsXGYII4C&pg=PA161"><i>The Grail: From Celtic Myth to Christian Symbol</i></a>. Princeton University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0691020752" title="Special:BookSources/0691020752"><bdi>0691020752</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Grail%3A+From+Celtic+Myth+to+Christian+Symbol&rft.pub=Princeton+University+Press&rft.date=1991-10-27&rft.isbn=0691020752&rft.aulast=Loomis&rft.aufirst=Roger+Sherman&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DDGQcsXGYII4C%26pg%3DPA161&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMorgause" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=8ywEEAAAQBAJ&pg=PA349"><i>The Arthur of the French: The Arthurian Legend in Medieval French and Occitan Literature</i></a>. University of Wales Press. 15 October 2020. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781786837431" title="Special:BookSources/9781786837431"><bdi>9781786837431</bdi></a> – via Google Books.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Arthur+of+the+French%3A+The+Arthurian+Legend+in+Medieval+French+and+Occitan+Literature&rft.pub=University+of+Wales+Press&rft.date=2020-10-15&rft.isbn=9781786837431&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D8ywEEAAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA349&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMorgause" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLacy2010" class="citation book cs1">Lacy, Norris J. (2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=klsMZ41xAREC&pg=PA327"><i>Lancelot-Grail</i></a>. Boydell & Brewer. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781843842385" title="Special:BookSources/9781843842385"><bdi>9781843842385</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Lancelot-Grail&rft.pub=Boydell+%26+Brewer&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=9781843842385&rft.aulast=Lacy&rft.aufirst=Norris+J.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DklsMZ41xAREC%26pg%3DPA327&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMorgause" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFClarkMcClune2011" class="citation book cs1">Clark, David; McClune, Kate (12 August 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=hcPtirDJv9wC&pg=PA98"><i>Blood, Sex, Malory: Essays on the Morte Darthur</i></a>. Boydell & Brewer Ltd. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781843842811" title="Special:BookSources/9781843842811"><bdi>9781843842811</bdi></a> – via Google Books.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Blood%2C+Sex%2C+Malory%3A+Essays+on+the+Morte+Darthur&rft.pub=Boydell+%26+Brewer+Ltd&rft.date=2011-08-12&rft.isbn=9781843842811&rft.aulast=Clark&rft.aufirst=David&rft.au=McClune%2C+Kate&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DhcPtirDJv9wC%26pg%3DPA98&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMorgause" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBogdanow1966" class="citation web cs1">Bogdanow, Fanni (1966). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Jg-8AAAAIAAJ&pg=PA222">"The Romance of the Grail: A Study of the Structure and Genesis of a Thirteenth-century Arthurian Prose Romance"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Romance+of+the+Grail%3A+A+Study+of+the+Structure+and+Genesis+of+a+Thirteenth-century+Arthurian+Prose+Romance&rft.date=1966&rft.aulast=Bogdanow&rft.aufirst=Fanni&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DJg-8AAAAIAAJ%26pg%3DPA222&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMorgause" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHuber" class="citation web cs1">Huber, Emily Rebekah. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lib.rochester.edu/camelot/Mrgsmenu.htm">"Morgause: Background"</a>. The Camelot Project at The <a href="/wiki/University_of_Rochester" title="University of Rochester">University of Rochester</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 December</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Morgause%3A+Background&rft.pub=The+Camelot+Project+at+The+University+of+Rochester&rft.aulast=Huber&rft.aufirst=Emily+Rebekah&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.lib.rochester.edu%2Fcamelot%2FMrgsmenu.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMorgause" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Bibliography">Bibliography</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Morgause&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Bibliography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBromwich2006" class="citation book cs1">Bromwich, Rachel (2006). <i>Trioedd Ynys Prydein: The Triads of the Island of Britain</i>. University of Wales Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7083-1386-8" title="Special:BookSources/0-7083-1386-8"><bdi>0-7083-1386-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Trioedd+Ynys+Prydein%3A+The+Triads+of+the+Island+of+Britain&rft.pub=University+of+Wales+Press&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=0-7083-1386-8&rft.aulast=Bromwich&rft.aufirst=Rachel&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMorgause" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPughe1832" class="citation book cs1">Pughe, William Owen (1832). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/adictionarywels02pughgoog"><i>A Dictionary of the Welsh Language, Explained in English</i></a>. London: Thomas Gee.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Dictionary+of+the+Welsh+Language%2C+Explained+in+English&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Thomas+Gee&rft.date=1832&rft.aulast=Pughe&rft.aufirst=William+Owen&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fadictionarywels02pughgoog&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMorgause" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRhys2004" class="citation book cs1">Rhys, John (2004). <i>Studies in the Arthurian Legend</i>. Kessinger Publishing. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7661-8915-5" title="Special:BookSources/0-7661-8915-5"><bdi>0-7661-8915-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Studies+in+the+Arthurian+Legend&rft.pub=Kessinger+Publishing&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=0-7661-8915-5&rft.aulast=Rhys&rft.aufirst=John&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMorgause" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Morgause&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.britannia.com/history/biographies/morgause.html">Anna Morgause (Britannia.com)</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://d.lib.rochester.edu/camelot/theme/morgause">Morgause (Robbins Library Camelot Project)</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://nightbringer.se/a_margawse.html">Margawse | The Legend of King Arthur (Nightbringer.se)</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol 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.navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="King_Arthur_and_the_Matter_of_Britain" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Arthurian_legend" title="Template:Arthurian legend"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Arthurian_legend" title="Template talk:Arthurian legend"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Arthurian_legend" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Arthurian legend"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="King_Arthur_and_the_Matter_of_Britain" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/King_Arthur" title="King Arthur">King Arthur</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Matter_of_Britain" title="Matter of Britain">Matter of Britain</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/King_Arthur%27s_family" title="King Arthur's family">Family</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Agravain" title="Agravain">Agravain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cador" title="Cador">Cador</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constantine_(Briton)" title="Constantine (Briton)">Constantine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culhwch" title="Culhwch">Culhwch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sir_Ector" title="Sir Ector">Ector</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elaine_(legend)" title="Elaine (legend)">Elaine of Garlot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hoel" class="mw-redirect" title="Hoel">Hoel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaheris" title="Gaheris">Gaheris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gareth" title="Gareth">Gareth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gawain" title="Gawain">Gawain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gingalain" title="Gingalain">Gingalain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guinevere" title="Guinevere">Guinevere</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Igraine" title="Igraine">Igraine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sir_Kay" title="Sir Kay">Kay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mordred" title="Mordred">Mordred</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Morgan_le_Fay" title="Morgan le Fay">Morgan le Fay</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Morgause</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ambrosius_Aurelianus" title="Ambrosius Aurelianus">Ambrosius Aurelianus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uther_Pendragon" title="Uther Pendragon">Uther Pendragon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Urien" title="Urien">Urien</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ywain" title="Ywain">Yvain</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Knights_of_the_Round_Table" title="Knights of the Round Table">Knights of the<br /> Round Table</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bagdemagus" class="mw-redirect" title="Bagdemagus">Bagdemagus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bedivere" title="Bedivere">Bedivere</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bors" title="Bors">Bors the Younger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brunor" title="Brunor">Brunor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clig%C3%A8s" title="Cligès">Cligès</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caradoc" title="Caradoc">Caradoc</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dagonet" title="Dagonet">Dagonet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daniel_von_dem_bl%C3%BChenden_Tal" title="Daniel von dem blühenden Tal">Daniel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dinadan" title="Dinadan">Dinadan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Galahad" title="Galahad">Galahad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Galehaut" title="Galehaut">Galehaut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geraint" title="Geraint">Geraint</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Griflet" class="mw-redirect" title="Griflet">Griflet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lamorak" title="Lamorak">Lamorak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lancelot" title="Lancelot">Lancelot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lanval" title="Lanval">Lanval</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sir_Lionel" title="Sir Lionel">Lionel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moriaen" title="Moriaen">Moriaen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palamedes_(Arthurian_legend)" title="Palamedes (Arthurian legend)">Palamedes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pelleas" title="Pelleas">Pelleas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pellinore" class="mw-redirect" title="Pellinore">Pellinore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Percival" title="Percival">Percival</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sagramore" title="Sagramore">Sagramore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tristan" title="Tristan">Tristan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Arthurian_characters" title="List of Arthurian characters">Other characters</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Accolon" title="Accolon">Accolon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agrestes" title="Agrestes">Agrestes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Angharad_Golden-Hand" title="Angharad Golden-Hand">Angharad Golden-Hand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anguish_of_Ireland" title="Anguish of Ireland">Anguish of Ireland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Annowre" title="Annowre">Annowre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sir_Balin" title="Sir Balin">Balin and Balan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/King_Ban" title="King Ban">Ban</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lady_Bertilak" title="Lady Bertilak">Lady Bertilak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_Knight_(Arthurian_legend)" title="Black Knight (Arthurian legend)">Black Knight(s)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blanchefleur" title="Blanchefleur">Blanchefleur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bors" title="Bors">Bors the Elder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brangaine" title="Brangaine">Brangaine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brunor" title="Brunor">Brunor(s)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catigern" title="Catigern">Catigern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Claudas" title="Claudas">Claudas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elaine_of_Astolat" title="Elaine of Astolat">Elaine of Astolat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elaine_(legend)" title="Elaine (legend)">Elaine of Benoic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elaine_of_Corbenic" title="Elaine of Corbenic">Elaine of Corbenic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enide" title="Enide">Enide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feirefiz" title="Feirefiz">Feirefiz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fisher_King" title="Fisher King">Fisher King(s)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Garel" title="Garel">Garel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gorlois" title="Gorlois">Gorlois</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Green_Knight" title="Green Knight">Green Knight(s)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guiomar_(Arthurian_legend)" title="Guiomar (Arthurian legend)">Guiomar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guiron_le_Courtois" title="Guiron le Courtois">Guiron le Courtois</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gwenhwyfach" title="Gwenhwyfach">Gwenhwyfach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hellawes_(sorceress)" title="Hellawes (sorceress)">Hellawes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hengist_and_Horsa" title="Hengist and Horsa">Hengist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iseult" title="Iseult">Iseult</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lady_of_the_Lake" title="Lady of the Lake">Lady/Ladies of the Lake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laudine" title="Laudine">Laudine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leodegrance" class="mw-redirect" title="Leodegrance">Leodegrance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lohengrin" title="Lohengrin">Lohengrin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/King_Lot" title="King Lot">Lot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lucius_Tiberius" title="Lucius Tiberius">Lucius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lunete" title="Lunete">Lunete</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lynette_and_Lyonesse" title="Lynette and Lyonesse">Lynette and Lyonesse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maleagant" title="Maleagant">Maleagant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mark_of_Cornwall" title="Mark of Cornwall">Mark of Cornwall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meliodas" title="Meliodas">Meliodas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Merlin" title="Merlin">Merlin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Budic_II_of_Brittany" title="Budic II of Brittany">Nentres</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nine_sorceresses" title="Nine sorceresses">Nine sorceresses</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Olwen" title="Olwen">Olwen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Percival%27s_sister" title="Percival's sister">Percival's sister</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Red_Knight" title="Red Knight">Red Knight(s)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rience" class="mw-redirect" title="Rience">Rience</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sebile" title="Sebile">Sebile</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taliesin" title="Taliesin">Taliesin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tegau_Eurfron" title="Tegau Eurfron">Tegau Eurfron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vortigern" title="Vortigern">Vortigern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yniol" class="mw-redirect" title="Yniol">Yniol</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Animal characters</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cavall" title="Cavall">Cavall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gringolet" title="Gringolet">Gringolet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Petitcrieu" title="Petitcrieu">Petitcrieu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Questing_Beast" title="Questing Beast">Questing Beast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Twrch_Trwyth" title="Twrch Trwyth">Twrch Trwyth</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Objects</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Excalibur" title="Excalibur">Excalibur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holy_Grail" title="Holy Grail">Holy Grail</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pridwen" title="Pridwen">Pridwen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prydwen" title="Prydwen">Prydwen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Round_Table" title="Round Table">Round Table</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_Perilous" title="Siege Perilous">Siege Perilous</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Locations_associated_with_Arthurian_legend" class="mw-redirect" title="Locations associated with Arthurian legend">Places</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Astolat" title="Astolat">Astolat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Avalon" title="Avalon">Avalon</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Glastonbury_Tor" title="Glastonbury Tor">Glastonbury Tor</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Broc%C3%A9liande" title="Brocéliande">Brocéliande</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Val_sans_retour" title="Val sans retour">Val sans retour</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caerleon" title="Caerleon">Caerleon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Camelot" title="Camelot">Camelot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Celliwig" title="Celliwig">Celliwig</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chapel_perilous" title="Chapel perilous">Chapel perilous</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corbenic" title="Corbenic">Corbenic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Esplumoir_Merlin" title="Esplumoir Merlin">Esplumoir Merlin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joyous_Gard" title="Joyous Gard">Joyous Gard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Land_of_Maidens" title="Land of Maidens">Land/Castle of Maidens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Logres" title="Logres">Logres</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lyonesse" title="Lyonesse">Lyonesse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sarras" title="Sarras">Sarras</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tintagel" title="Tintagel">Tintagel</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tintagel_Castle" title="Tintagel Castle">Tintagel Castle</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">In media</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bibliography_of_King_Arthur" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibliography of King Arthur">Bibliography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_works_based_on_Arthurian_legends" title="List of works based on Arthurian legends">List of works</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/King_Arthur_in_comics" title="King Arthur in comics">comics</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Badon" title="Battle of Badon">Battle of Badon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Camlann" title="Battle of Camlann">Battle of Camlann</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dolorous_Stroke" title="Dolorous Stroke">Dolorous Stroke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Loathly_lady" title="Loathly lady">Loathly lady</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Historicity_of_King_Arthur" title="Historicity of King Arthur">Historicity of King Arthur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/King_Arthur%27s_messianic_return" title="King Arthur's messianic return">King Arthur's messianic return</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pendragon" title="Pendragon">Pendragon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Knight_of_the_Swan" title="Knight of the Swan">Knight of the Swan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tristan_and_Iseult" title="Tristan and Iseult">Tristan and Iseult</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Flag_of_Wales.svg/16px-Flag_of_Wales.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Flag_of_Wales.svg/24px-Flag_of_Wales.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Flag_of_Wales.svg/32px-Flag_of_Wales.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="480" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Wales" title="Portal:Wales">Wales portal</a></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/be/Flag_of_England.svg/16px-Flag_of_England.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/be/Flag_of_England.svg/24px-Flag_of_England.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/be/Flag_of_England.svg/32px-Flag_of_England.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="480" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:England" title="Portal:England">England portal</a></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/P_history.svg/16px-P_history.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/P_history.svg/24px-P_history.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/P_history.svg/32px-P_history.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="360" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:History" title="Portal:History">History portal</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Geoffrey_of_Monmouth" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Geoffrey_of_Monmouth" title="Template:Geoffrey of Monmouth"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Geoffrey_of_Monmouth" title="Template talk:Geoffrey of Monmouth"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Geoffrey_of_Monmouth" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Geoffrey of Monmouth"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Geoffrey_of_Monmouth" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Geoffrey_of_Monmouth" title="Geoffrey of Monmouth">Geoffrey of Monmouth</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Works_by_Geoffrey_of_Monmouth" title="Category:Works by Geoffrey of Monmouth">Works</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Prophetiae_Merlini" title="Prophetiae Merlini">Prophetiae Merlini</a></i> (c. 1135)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Historia_Regum_Britanniae" title="Historia Regum Britanniae">Historia Regum Britanniae</a></i> (c. 1136)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Vita_Merlini" title="Vita Merlini">Vita Merlini</a></i> (c. 1150)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Translations_of_Geoffrey_of_Monmouth" title="Category:Translations of Geoffrey of Monmouth">Translations</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Roman_de_Brut" title="Roman de Brut">Roman de Brut</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Layamon%27s_Brut" title="Layamon's Brut">Layamon's <i>Brut</i></a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Brut_y_Brenhinedd" title="Brut y Brenhinedd">Brut y Brenhinedd</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Breta_s%C3%B6gur" title="Breta sögur">Breta sögur</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Merl%C3%ADn%C3%BAssp%C3%A1" title="Merlínússpá">Merlínússpá</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Characters</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aeneas" title="Aeneas">Aeneas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Alban" title="Saint Alban">Saint Alban</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albanactus" title="Albanactus">Albanactus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alhfrith_of_Deira" class="mw-redirect" title="Alhfrith of Deira">Alhfrith of Deira</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Allectus" title="Allectus">Allectus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ambrosius_Aurelianus" title="Ambrosius Aurelianus">Ambrosius Aurelianus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amphibalus" title="Amphibalus">Amphibalus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andragius" title="Andragius">Andragius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Archgallo" title="Archgallo">Archgallo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Archmail" title="Archmail">Archmail</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/King_Arthur" title="King Arthur">King Arthur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arvirargus" title="Arvirargus">Arvirargus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ascanius" title="Ascanius">Ascanius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Augustine_of_Canterbury" title="Augustine of Canterbury">Augustine of Canterbury</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aurelius_Conanus" title="Aurelius Conanus">Aurelius Conanus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bedivere" title="Bedivere">Bedivere</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beldgabred" title="Beldgabred">Beldgabred</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beli_Mawr" title="Beli Mawr">Beli Mawr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belinus" title="Belinus">Belinus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bladud" title="Bladud">Bladud</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bledric_ap_Custennin" title="Bledric ap Custennin">Bledric ap Custennin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bledudo" title="Bledudo">Bledudo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brennius" title="Brennius">Brennius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brutus_Greenshield" title="Brutus Greenshield">Brutus Greenshield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brutus_of_Troy" title="Brutus of Troy">Brutus of Troy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Budic_II_of_Brittany" title="Budic II of Brittany">Budic II of Brittany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cadfan_ap_Iago" title="Cadfan ap Iago">Cadfan ap Iago</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cadoc" title="Cadoc">Cadoc</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cador" title="Cador">Cador</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cadwaladr" title="Cadwaladr">Cadwaladr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cadwallon_ap_Cadfan" title="Cadwallon ap Cadfan">Cadwallon ap Cadfan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Camber_(legendary_king)" class="mw-redirect" title="Camber (legendary king)">Camber (legendary king)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cap_of_Britain" title="Cap of Britain">Cap of Britain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capetus_Silvius" title="Capetus Silvius">Capetus Silvius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capoir" title="Capoir">Capoir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caracalla" title="Caracalla">Caracalla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caradocus" title="Caradocus">Caradocus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carausius" title="Carausius">Carausius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cassivellaunus" title="Cassivellaunus">Cassivellaunus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catellus" title="Catellus">Catellus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catigern" title="Catigern">Catigern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cherin" title="Cherin">Cherin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Claudius" title="Claudius">Claudius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cledaucus" title="Cledaucus">Cledaucus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clotenus" title="Clotenus">Clotenus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coel_Hen" title="Coel Hen">Coel Hen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coilus" title="Coilus">Coilus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conan_Meriadoc" title="Conan Meriadoc">Conan Meriadoc</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constans_II_(son_of_Constantine_III)" title="Constans II (son of Constantine III)">Constans II (son of Constantine III)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constantine_the_Great" title="Constantine the Great">Constantine the Great</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constantine_III_(Western_Roman_Emperor)" class="mw-redirect" title="Constantine III (Western Roman Emperor)">Constantine III (Western Roman Emperor)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constantine_(Briton)" title="Constantine (Briton)">Constantine (Briton)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constantius_Chlorus" title="Constantius Chlorus">Constantius Chlorus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cordelia_of_Britain" title="Cordelia of Britain">Cordelia of Britain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corineus" title="Corineus">Corineus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cunedagius" title="Cunedagius">Cunedagius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cunobeline" title="Cunobeline">Cunobeline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Danius" title="Danius">Danius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_David" title="Saint David">Saint David</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Digueillus" title="Digueillus">Digueillus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diocletian" title="Diocletian">Diocletian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dionotus" title="Dionotus">Dionotus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dunvallo_Molmutius" class="mw-redirect" title="Dunvallo Molmutius">Dunvallo Molmutius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ebraucus" title="Ebraucus">Ebraucus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edadus" title="Edadus">Edadus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edern_ap_Nudd" title="Edern ap Nudd">Edern ap Nudd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edwin_of_Northumbria" title="Edwin of Northumbria">Edwin of Northumbria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eldol" title="Eldol">Eldol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eldol,_Consul_of_Gloucester" title="Eldol, Consul of Gloucester">Eldol, Consul of Gloucester</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elidurus" title="Elidurus">Elidurus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eliud" title="Eliud">Eliud</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enniaunus" title="Enniaunus">Enniaunus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Estrildis" title="Estrildis">Estrildis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eudaf_Hen" title="Eudaf Hen">Eudaf Hen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ferrex" title="Ferrex">Ferrex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fulgenius" title="Fulgenius">Fulgenius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gawain" title="Gawain">Gawain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gerennus" title="Gerennus">Gerennus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Goffar_the_Pict" title="Goffar the Pict">Goffar the Pict</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gogmagog_(folklore)" class="mw-redirect" title="Gogmagog (folklore)">Gogmagog (folklore)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Goneril" title="Goneril">Goneril</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gorboduc" title="Gorboduc">Gorboduc</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gorbonianus" title="Gorbonianus">Gorbonianus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gorlois" title="Gorlois">Gorlois</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gracianus_Municeps" title="Gracianus Municeps">Gracianus Municeps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guiderius" title="Guiderius">Guiderius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guinevere" title="Guinevere">Guinevere</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guithelin" title="Guithelin">Guithelin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gurgintius" title="Gurgintius">Gurgintius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gurguit_Barbtruc" title="Gurguit Barbtruc">Gurguit Barbtruc</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gurgustius" title="Gurgustius">Gurgustius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gwenddoleu_ap_Ceidio" title="Gwenddoleu ap Ceidio">Gwenddoleu ap Ceidio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gwenddydd" title="Gwenddydd">Gwenddydd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Queen_Gwendolen" title="Queen Gwendolen">Queen Gwendolen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Helena_(empress)" class="mw-redirect" title="Helena (empress)">Helena (empress)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Helenus" class="mw-redirect" title="Helenus">Helenus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hengist_and_Horsa" title="Hengist and Horsa">Hengist and Horsa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hoel" class="mw-redirect" title="Hoel">Hoel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Humber_the_Hun" title="Humber the Hun">Humber the Hun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iago_ap_Beli" title="Iago ap Beli">Iago ap Beli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Idvallo" title="Idvallo">Idvallo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Igraine" title="Igraine">Igraine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ingenius_of_Britain" title="Ingenius of Britain">Ingenius of Britain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Innogen" title="Innogen">Innogen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jago_of_Britain" title="Jago of Britain">Jago of Britain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Julius_and_Aaron" title="Julius and Aaron">Julius and Aaron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Julius_Asclepiodotus" title="Julius Asclepiodotus">Julius Asclepiodotus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Julius_Caesar" title="Julius Caesar">Julius Caesar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sir_Kay" title="Sir Kay">Sir Kay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Keredic" title="Keredic">Keredic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kimarcus" title="Kimarcus">Kimarcus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kinarius" title="Kinarius">Kinarius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Latinus" title="Latinus">Latinus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lavinia" title="Lavinia">Lavinia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leil" title="Leil">Leil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leir_of_Britain" title="Leir of Britain">Leir of Britain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Locrinus" title="Locrinus">Locrinus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/King_Lot" title="King Lot">King Lot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lucius_of_Britain" title="Lucius of Britain">Lucius of Britain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lucius_Tiberius" title="Lucius Tiberius">Lucius Tiberius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lud_son_of_Heli" class="mw-redirect" title="Lud son of Heli">Lud son of Heli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maddan" title="Maddan">Maddan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maelgwn_Gwynedd" title="Maelgwn Gwynedd">Maelgwn Gwynedd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magnus_Maximus" title="Magnus Maximus">Magnus Maximus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mandubracius" title="Mandubracius">Mandubracius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Queen_Marcia" title="Queen Marcia">Queen Marcia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marganus" title="Marganus">Marganus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marganus_II" title="Marganus II">Marganus II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marius_of_Britain" title="Marius of Britain">Marius of Britain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mempricius" title="Mempricius">Mempricius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Merianus" title="Merianus">Merianus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Merlin" title="Merlin">Merlin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Millus" title="Millus">Millus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mordred" title="Mordred">Mordred</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Morgause</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Morvidus" title="Morvidus">Morvidus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Myrddin_Wyllt" title="Myrddin Wyllt">Myrddin Wyllt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nennius_of_Britain" title="Nennius of Britain">Nennius of Britain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Octa_of_Kent" title="Octa of Kent">Octa of Kent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oenus" title="Oenus">Oenus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oswald_of_Northumbria" title="Oswald of Northumbria">Oswald of Northumbria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oswiu_of_Northumbria" class="mw-redirect" title="Oswiu of Northumbria">Oswiu of Northumbria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Owain_mab_Urien" title="Owain mab Urien">Owain mab Urien</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pandrasus" title="Pandrasus">Pandrasus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Penda_of_Mercia" title="Penda of Mercia">Penda of Mercia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peredur" title="Peredur">Peredur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peredurus" title="Peredurus">Peredurus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pir_of_the_Britons" title="Pir of the Britons">Pir of the Britons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Porrex_I" title="Porrex I">Porrex I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Porrex_II" title="Porrex II">Porrex II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Publius_Septimius_Geta" class="mw-redirect" title="Publius Septimius Geta">Publius Septimius Geta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quintus_Laberius_Durus" title="Quintus Laberius Durus">Quintus Laberius Durus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Redechius" title="Redechius">Redechius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Redon_of_Britain" title="Redon of Britain">Redon of Britain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Regan_(King_Lear)" title="Regan (King Lear)">Regan (King Lear)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rhydderch_Hael" title="Rhydderch Hael">Rhydderch Hael</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rience" class="mw-redirect" title="Rience">Rience</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rivallo" title="Rivallo">Rivallo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rud_Hud_Hudibras" title="Rud Hud Hudibras">Rud Hud Hudibras</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Runo_(legendary_king)" class="mw-redirect" title="Runo (legendary king)">Runo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sawyl_Penuchel" title="Sawyl Penuchel">Sawyl Penuchel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Septimius_Severus" title="Septimius Severus">Septimius Severus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Silvius_(mythology)" title="Silvius (mythology)">Silvius (mythology)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sisillius_I" title="Sisillius I">Sisillius I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sisillius_II" title="Sisillius II">Sisillius II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sisillius_III" title="Sisillius III">Sisillius III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Son_of_Gorbonianus" title="Son of Gorbonianus">Son of Gorbonianus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taliesin" title="Taliesin">Taliesin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tasciovanus" title="Tasciovanus">Tasciovanus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trahern" title="Trahern">Trahern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turnus" title="Turnus">Turnus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Urianus" title="Urianus">Urianus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uther_Pendragon" title="Uther Pendragon">Uther Pendragon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Venissa" title="Venissa">Venissa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vespasian" title="Vespasian">Vespasian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vortigern" title="Vortigern">Vortigern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vortimer" title="Vortimer">Vortimer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vortiporius" title="Vortiporius">Vortiporius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wulfhere_of_Mercia" title="Wulfhere of Mercia">Wulfhere of Mercia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ywain" title="Ywain">Ywain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%86thelberht_of_Kent" title="Æthelberht of Kent">Æthelberht of Kent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%86thelfrith_of_Northumbria" class="mw-redirect" title="Æthelfrith of Northumbria">Æthelfrith of Northumbria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C5%92thelwald_of_Deira" title="Œthelwald of Deira">Œthelwald of Deira</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Avalon" title="Avalon">Avalon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Arfderydd" title="Battle of Arfderydd">Battle of Arfderydd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Badon" title="Battle of Badon">Battle of Badon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Camlann" title="Battle of Camlann">Battle of Camlann</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Guoloph" title="Battle of Guoloph">Battle of Guoloph</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Brut_y_Tywysogion" title="Brut y Tywysogion">Brut y Tywysogion</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Excalibur" title="Excalibur">Excalibur</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Gesta_Regum_Britanniae" title="Gesta Regum Britanniae">Gesta Regum Britanniae</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lailoken" title="Lailoken">Lailoken</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_legendary_kings_of_Britain" title="List of legendary kings of Britain">List of legendary kings of Britain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_legendary_rulers_of_Cornwall" title="List of legendary rulers of Cornwall">List of legendary rulers of Cornwall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Logres" title="Logres">Logres</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matter_of_Britain" title="Matter of Britain">Matter of Britain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Molmutine_Laws" title="Molmutine Laws">Molmutine Laws</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nennius" title="Nennius">Nennius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pridwen" title="Pridwen">Pridwen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Riothamus" title="Riothamus">Riothamus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/River_Malvam" title="River Malvam">River Malvam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Exeter_(c._630)" title="Siege of Exeter (c. 630)">Siege of Exeter (c. 630)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Locations_associated_with_Arthurian_legend" class="mw-redirect" title="Locations associated with Arthurian legend">Locations associated with Arthurian legend</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treason_of_the_Long_Knives" title="Treason of the Long Knives">Treason of the Long Knives</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trinovantum" title="Trinovantum">Trinovantum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trojan_genealogy_of_Nennius" title="Trojan genealogy of Nennius">Trojan genealogy of Nennius</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Vera_historia_de_morte_Arthuri" title="Vera historia de morte Arthuri">Vera historia de morte Arthuri</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walter_of_Oxford" title="Walter of Oxford">Walter of Oxford</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td 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