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class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Lec'hienn"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Taolenn" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Taolenn</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">mont d’ar varrenn gostez</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">kuzhat</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Deroù</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-An_Dokugawaed_er_galloud" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#An_Dokugawaed_er_galloud"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>An Dokugawaed er galloud</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-An_Dokugawaed_er_galloud-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Japan_a_brenn_an_nor_ouzh_an_estren" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Japan_a_brenn_an_nor_ouzh_an_estren"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Japan a brenn an nor ouzh an estren</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Japan_a_brenn_an_nor_ouzh_an_estren-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Degouezh_ar_Shogunelezh" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Degouezh_ar_Shogunelezh"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Degouezh ar Shogunelezh</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Degouezh_ar_Shogunelezh-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Diwezh_ar_Shogunelezh" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Diwezh_ar_Shogunelezh"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Diwezh ar Shogunelezh</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Diwezh_ar_Shogunelezh-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Kevredigezh_ha_sevenadur" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Kevredigezh_ha_sevenadur"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Kevredigezh ha sevenadur</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Kevredigezh_ha_sevenadur-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notennoù" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notennoù"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Notennoù</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notennoù-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Taolenn" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Taolenn" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Gwintañ an daolenn" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Gwintañ an daolenn</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Marevezh Edo</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Mont d’ur pennad en ur yezh all. 62 yezh a zo." > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-62" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">62 yezh</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D8%AA%D8%B1%D8%A9_%D8%A5%D9%8A%D8%AF%D9%88" title="فترة إيدو – arabeg" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="فترة إيدو" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arabeg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Periodu_Edo" title="Periodu Edo – asturianeg" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Periodu Edo" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="asturianeg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edo_d%C3%B6vr%C3%BC" title="Edo dövrü – azerbaidjaneg" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Edo dövrü" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="azerbaidjaneg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%8B%D1%8F%D0%B4_%D0%AD%D0%B4%D0%B0" title="Перыяд Эда – belaruseg" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Перыяд Эда" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="belaruseg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%95%D0%B4%D0%BE_(%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%B4)" title="Едо (период) – bulgareg" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Едо (период)" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="bulgareg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%8F%E0%A6%A6%E0%A7%8B_%E0%A6%AF%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%97" title="এদো যুগ – bengali" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="এদো যুগ" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="bengali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bo mw-list-item"><a href="https://bo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BD%A8%E0%BD%BA%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%91%E0%BD%BC%E0%BD%A0%E0%BD%B2%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%91%E0%BD%B4%E0%BD%A6%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%A6%E0%BE%90%E0%BD%96%E0%BD%A6%E0%BC%8D" title="ཨེ་དོའི་དུས་སྐབས། – tibetaneg" lang="bo" hreflang="bo" data-title="ཨེ་དོའི་དུས་སྐབས།" data-language-autonym="བོད་ཡིག" data-language-local-name="tibetaneg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>བོད་ཡིག</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Per%C3%ADode_Edo" title="Període Edo – katalaneg" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Període Edo" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="katalaneg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%DB%95%D8%B1%D8%AF%DB%95%D9%85%DB%8C_%D8%A6%DB%8E%D8%AF%DB%86" title="سەردەمی ئێدۆ – kurdeg sorani" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="سەردەمی ئێدۆ" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="kurdeg sorani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Obdob%C3%AD_Edo" title="Období Edo – tchekeg" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Období Edo" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="tchekeg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D0%B4%D0%BE_%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BF%D1%85%C4%83%D1%80%C4%95" title="Эдо тапхăрĕ – tchouvatch" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Эдо тапхăрĕ" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="tchouvatch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edo-perioden" title="Edo-perioden – daneg" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Edo-perioden" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="daneg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edo-Zeit" title="Edo-Zeit – alamaneg" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Edo-Zeit" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="alamaneg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edo_period" title="Edo period – saozneg" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Edo period" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="saozneg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Epoko_de_Edo" title="Epoko de Edo – esperanteg" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Epoko de Edo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="esperanteg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Per%C3%ADodo_Edo" title="Período Edo – spagnoleg" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Período Edo" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="spagnoleg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edo_ajastu" title="Edo ajastu – estoneg" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Edo ajastu" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="estoneg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edo_Aroa" title="Edo Aroa – euskareg" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Edo Aroa" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="euskareg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%87_%D8%A7%D8%AF%D9%88" title="دوره ادو – perseg" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="دوره ادو" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="perseg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edo-kausi" title="Edo-kausi – finneg" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Edo-kausi" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finneg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%89poque_d%27Edo" title="Époque d'Edo – galleg" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Époque d'Edo" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="galleg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Per%C3%ADodo_Edo" title="Período Edo – galizeg" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Período Edo" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="galizeg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%AA%D7%A7%D7%95%D7%A4%D7%AA_%D7%90%D7%93%D7%95" title="תקופת אדו – hebraeg" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="תקופת אדו" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="hebraeg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%8F%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%8B_%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%A7%E0%A5%80" title="एदो अवधी – hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="एदो अवधी" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edo_(razdoblje)" title="Edo (razdoblje) – kroateg" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Edo (razdoblje)" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="kroateg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edo-kor" title="Edo-kor – hungareg" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Edo-kor" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="hungareg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zaman_Edo" title="Zaman Edo – indonezeg" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Zaman Edo" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonezeg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jed%C3%B3t%C3%ADmabili%C3%B0" title="Jedótímabilið – islandeg" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Jedótímabilið" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="islandeg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Periodo_Edo" title="Periodo Edo – italianeg" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Periodo Edo" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="italianeg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%B1%9F%E6%88%B8%E6%99%82%E4%BB%A3" title="江戸時代 – japaneg" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="江戸時代" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japaneg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jaman_%C3%89do" title="Jaman Édo – javaneg" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Jaman Édo" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="javaneg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%97%90%EB%8F%84_%EC%8B%9C%EB%8C%80" title="에도 시대 – koreaneg" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="에도 시대" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="koreaneg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edo_laikotarpis" title="Edo laikotarpis – lituaneg" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Edo laikotarpis" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="lituaneg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edo_periods" title="Edo periods – latvieg" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Edo periods" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="latvieg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%95%D0%B4%D0%BE_(%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%B4)" title="Едо (период) – makedoneg" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Едо (период)" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="makedoneg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D0%B9%D0%BD_%D1%8D%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BD" title="Эдогийн эрин – mongoleg" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Эдогийн эрин" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="mongoleg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zaman_Edo" title="Zaman Edo – malayseg" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Zaman Edo" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="malayseg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edoperiode" title="Edoperiode – nederlandeg" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Edoperiode" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="nederlandeg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edotida" title="Edotida – norvegeg nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Edotida" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="norvegeg nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peri%C3%B2de_Edo" title="Periòde Edo – okitaneg" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Periòde Edo" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="okitaneg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edo_(okres)" title="Edo (okres) – poloneg" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Edo (okres)" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="poloneg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Per%C3%ADodo_Edo" title="Período Edo – portugaleg" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Período Edo" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugaleg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perioada_Edo" title="Perioada Edo – roumaneg" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Perioada Edo" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="roumaneg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%B4_%D0%AD%D0%B4%D0%BE" title="Период Эдо – rusianeg" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Период Эдо" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="rusianeg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edo_period" title="Edo period – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Edo period" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Obdobie_Edo" title="Obdobie Edo – slovakeg" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Obdobie Edo" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="slovakeg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Obdobje_Edo" title="Obdobje Edo – sloveneg" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Obdobje Edo" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="sloveneg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Periudha_Edo" title="Periudha Edo – albaneg" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Periudha Edo" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="albaneg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%95%D0%B4%D0%BE_%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%B4" title="Едо период – serbeg" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Едо период" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="serbeg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/P%C3%A9riode_Edo" title="Période Edo – sundaneg" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Période Edo" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="sundaneg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edoperioden" title="Edoperioden – svedeg" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Edoperioden" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="svedeg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%84%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%AD%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B0" title="ยุคเอโดะ – thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ยุคเอโดะ" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Panahong_Edo" title="Panahong Edo – tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Panahong Edo" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edo_D%C3%B6nemi" title="Edo Dönemi – turkeg" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Edo Dönemi" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="turkeg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="pennad eus an dibab"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%96%D0%BE%D0%B4_%D0%95%D0%B4%D0%BE" title="Період Едо – ukraineg" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Період Едо" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ukraineg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%DB%8C%DA%88%D9%88_%D8%AF%D9%88%D8%B1" title="ایڈو دور – ourdou" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="ایڈو دور" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="ourdou" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Th%E1%BB%9Di_k%E1%BB%B3_Edo" title="Thời kỳ Edo – vietnameg" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Thời kỳ Edo" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="vietnameg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Panahon_Edo" title="Panahon Edo – waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Panahon Edo" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%B1%9F%E6%88%B6%E6%99%82%E4%BB%A3" title="江戶時代 – sinaeg Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="江戶時代" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="sinaeg Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%B1%9F%E6%88%B7%E6%97%B6%E4%BB%A3" title="江户时代 – sinaeg" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="江户时代" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="sinaeg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edo_s%C3%AE-t%C4%81i" title="Edo sî-tāi – sinaeg Min Nan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Edo sî-tāi" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="sinaeg Min Nan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%B1%9F%E6%88%B6%E6%99%82%E4%BB%A3" title="江戶時代 – kantoneg" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="江戶時代" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="kantoneg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q184963#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Kemmañ al liammoù etreyezhel" class="wbc-editpage">Kemmañ al liammoù</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Esaouennoù anv"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Marevezh_Edo" title="Gwelet ar pennad [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Pajenn</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="new vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kaozeal:Marevezh_Edo&action=edit&redlink=1" rel="discussion" class="new" title="Kaozeadennoù diwar-benn ar pennad (n'eus ket eus ar bajenn-mañ) [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Kaozeadenn</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Kemmañ adstumm yezh" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">brezhoneg</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Gweladennoù"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Marevezh_Edo"><span>Lenn</span></a></li><li id="ca-ve-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Marevezh_Edo&veaction=edit" title="Kemmañ ar bajenn-mañ [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Kemmañ</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="collapsible vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Marevezh_Edo&action=edit" title="Kemmañ kod mammennoù ar bajenn-mañ [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Kemmañ ar vammenn</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Marevezh_Edo&action=history" title="Stummoù kozh ar bajenn-mañ gant an aozerien anezhi. [h]" accesskey="h"><span>Gwelet an istor</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Ostilhoù evit ar pajennoù"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Ostilhoù" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Ostilhoù</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Ostilhoù</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">mont d’ar varrenn gostez</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">kuzhat</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="Muioc'h a zibarzhioù" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Oberoù </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Marevezh_Edo"><span>Lenn</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-ve-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Marevezh_Edo&veaction=edit" title="Kemmañ ar bajenn-mañ [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Kemmañ</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="collapsible vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Marevezh_Edo&action=edit" title="Kemmañ kod mammennoù ar bajenn-mañ [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Kemmañ ar vammenn</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Marevezh_Edo&action=history"><span>Gwelet an istor</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Hollek </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Dibar:PetraGasBetekAma%C3%B1/Marevezh_Edo" title="Roll ar pajennoù liammet ouzh ar bajenn-mañ [j]" accesskey="j"><span>Pajennoù liammet</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Dibar:Kemmo%C3%B9Kar/Marevezh_Edo" rel="nofollow" title="Roll ar c'hemmoù diwezhañ war ar pajennoù liammet ouzh ar bajenn-mañ [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Heuliañ ar pajennoù liammet</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:UploadWizard?uselang=br" title="Enporzhiañ ur skeudenn pe ur restr media war ar servijer [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Kargañ war ar servijer</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Marevezh_Edo&oldid=2054920" title="Liamm padus war-du ar stumm-mañ eus ar bajenn-mañ"><span>Chomlec'h ar stumm-mañ</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Marevezh_Edo&action=info" title="Titouroù ouzhpenn a-zivout ar bajenn-mañ"><span>Titouroù ar bajenn</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dibar:Menegi%C3%B1&page=Marevezh_Edo&id=2054920&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Titouroù war an doare da venegiñ ar bajenn-mañ"><span>Menegiñ ar pennad-mañ</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dibar:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fbr.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FMarevezh_Edo"><span>Kaout URL berraet</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dibar:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fbr.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FMarevezh_Edo"><span>Pellgargañ kod QR</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Moullañ/ezporzhiañ </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-create_a_book" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dibar:Dastumad&bookcmd=book_creator&referer=Marevezh+Edo"><span>Sevel ul levr</span></a></li><li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dibar:DownloadAsPdf&page=Marevezh_Edo&action=show-download-screen"><span>Pellgargañ evel PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Marevezh_Edo&printable=yes" title="Stumm moulladus ar bajenn-mañ [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Stumm da voullañ</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> E raktresoù all </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Edo_period" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimedia Commons</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q184963" title="Liamm war-zu elfenn gevreet kavlec'h ar roadennoù [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Elfenn Wikidata</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Ostilhoù evit ar pajennoù"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Neuz"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Neuz</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">mont d’ar varrenn gostez</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">kuzhat</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Eus Wikipedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="br" dir="ltr"><figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Restr:Tokugawa_Ieyasu2_full.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Tokugawa_Ieyasu2_full.JPG/220px-Tokugawa_Ieyasu2_full.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="439" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Tokugawa_Ieyasu2_full.JPG/330px-Tokugawa_Ieyasu2_full.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Tokugawa_Ieyasu2_full.JPG/440px-Tokugawa_Ieyasu2_full.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1769" data-file-height="3527" /></a><figcaption>Tokugawa Ieyasu, kentañ <i>shōgun</i> ar Marevezh Edo</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Marevezh Edo</b> zo ur prantad eus istor Bro-Japan a oa stabil ha peoc'hus a-walc'h dindan ren strizh ar c'hlann Tokugawa en <a href="/wiki/Edo_(k%C3%AAr)" title="Edo (kêr)">Edo</a><sup id="cite_ref-Pe_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Pe-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. Kregiñ a ra war-dro 1600, pa gemer <a href="/wiki/Tokugawa_Ieyasu" title="Tokugawa Ieyasu">Tokugawa Ieyasu</a> ar galloud goude <a href="/w/index.php?title=Emgann_Sekigahara&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Emgann Sekigahara (n'eus ket eus ar bajenn-mañ)">Emgann Sekigahara</a>, hag echuiñ a ra war-dro 1868 gant an <a href="/wiki/Adsav_Meiji" title="Adsav Meiji">adsav Meiji</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="An_Dokugawaed_er_galloud">An Dokugawaed er galloud</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Marevezh_Edo&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Kemmañ ar rann : An Dokugawaed er galloud" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>kemmañ</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Marevezh_Edo&action=edit&section=1" title="Kemmañ kod tarzh ar rann : An Dokugawaed er galloud"><span>kemmañ ar vammenn</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>E <a href="/wiki/1603" title="1603">1603</a>, an <a href="/w/index.php?title=Impalaer_Go-Y%C5%8Dzei&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Impalaer Go-Yōzei (n'eus ket eus ar bajenn-mañ)">impalaer Go-Yōzei</a> (<a href="/wiki/1571" title="1571">1571</a>-<a href="/wiki/1617" title="1617">1617</a>) a lakaas <a href="/wiki/Tokugawa_Ieyasu" title="Tokugawa Ieyasu">Tokugawa Ieyasu</a> da <i>shōgun</i> ; daou vloaz diwezhatoc'h, e <a href="/wiki/1605" title="1605">1605</a>, Ieyasu a zilezas e garg evit he zremen d'e vab ; boulc'het e oa an dinastiezh Tokugawa neuze.<br /> Diaes a-walc'h e voe d'ar re Dokugawa startaat o c'hrog war ar vro. E deroù ar bloaz <a href="/wiki/1609" title="1609">1609</a>, ar <i>shōgun</i> a aotreas <a href="/w/index.php?title=Shimazu_Tadatsune&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Shimazu Tadatsune (n'eus ket eus ar bajenn-mañ)">Shimazu Tadatsune</a> (<a href="/wiki/1576" title="1576">1576</a>-<a href="/wiki/1638" title="1638">1638</a>), <i>daimyō</i> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Satsuma-han&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Satsuma-han (n'eus ket eus ar bajenn-mañ)">Satsuma-han</a> ("Damani Satsuma") da aloubiñ <a href="/w/index.php?title=Rouantelezh_Ry%C5%ABky%C5%AB&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rouantelezh Ryūkyū (n'eus ket eus ar bajenn-mañ)">Rouantelezh Ryūkyū</a>, an enezeg a zo etre Kyūshū hag <a href="/wiki/Enez_Taiwan" title="Enez Taiwan">Enez Taiwan</a> : nac'het he devoa ar rouantelezh paeañ truaj d'ar shōgunelezh nevez peogwir e paee trujaj da Sina dija, goude meur a anoazh all abaoe m'he devoa nac'het kemer perzh en aloubidigezh Korea. E miz Meurzh e krogas an emgannoù, hag e miz Mae e voe trec'h Tadatsune. Betek <a href="/wiki/1872" title="1872">1872</a> e voe Rouantelezh Ryūkyū ur Stad dizalc'h hag a rente gwazoniezh koulz da Sina ha da Satsuma-han<sup id="cite_ref-Tu_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Tu-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference cite_virgule">,</sup><sup id="cite_ref-Kerr_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kerr-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. </p><p>Ar <i>shōgun</i> Ieyasu a lakaas seziz war <a href="/wiki/Osaka" title="Osaka">Osaka</a> (miz Du <a href="/wiki/1614" title="1614">1614</a> – miz Genver <a href="/wiki/1615" title="1615">1615</a> ha Mae – Mezheven 1615) evit mougañ enebebiezh klann Toyotomi, a voe faezhet betek mont da get<sup id="cite_ref-To_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-To-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. </p><p>Er bloaz 1615 end-eeun ez embannas ar shōgunelezh en Edo un aradennad lezennoù, en o zouez ar <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Buke_shohatto&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Buke shohatto (n'eus ket eus ar bajenn-mañ)">buke shohatto</a></i> (武家諸法度, "Lies krafoù lezennel a-zivout an tiegezhioù brezeler") a vestronie an <i>daimyō</i><sup id="cite_ref-McL_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-McL-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>, hag ar <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sankin_k%C5%8Dtai&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sankin kōtai (n'eus ket eus ar bajenn-mañ)">sankin kōtai</a> (参覲交代/参覲交替, "Kemm en aketusted") a redie pep <i>daimyō</i> da vout en Edo bep eil bloaz<sup id="cite_ref-He_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-He-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> ; daoust d'al lezenn e kendalc'has an daimyoed da vout emren war o domanioù<sup id="cite_ref-Pe_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Pe-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. Buan e troas Edo da vout kêr bobletañ ar bed<sup id="cite_ref-He_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-He-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ar shōgunelezh a stalias ur bodad kuzulierien gozh, ar <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=R%C5%8Dj%C5%AB&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rōjū (n'eus ket eus ar bajenn-mañ)">rōjū</a></i> (老中 "kozhiad") renet gant un <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tair%C5%8D&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tairō (n'eus ket eus ar bajenn-mañ)">tairō</a></i> (大老 "kozhiad meur") evit he c'huzuliañ, ha samouraied a voe lakaet da vurevidi<sup id="cite_ref-To_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-To-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. Arc'hant bras a veze roet d'an impalaer e Kyōto, met pep galloud politikel a voe lamet digantañ..<sup id="cite_ref-Pe_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Pe-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Didruez e voe ar shōgunelezh Tokugawa da lakaat ar peoc'h da ren er gevredigezh. Lakaat a raed kastizañ pep felladenn, bras pe vihan, dre dibennidigezh, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kroazstagadur&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kroazstagadur (n'eus ket eus ar bajenn-mañ)">kroazstagadur</a> pe boazhadur : doujet-kenañ e oa pep samourai, pa c'helle lazhañ un dinobl abalamour d'an disterañ dismegañs ; ar felladennerion a renk uhel a veze rediet da seveniñ <i>seppuku</i><sup id="cite_ref-He_6-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-He-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>.<br /> Dre ma veze gwelet ar gristeniezh evel ur galloud gourdrouzus e voe moustret, betek bout lakaet er-maez lezenn a-c'houde <a href="/w/index.php?title=Emsavadeg_Shimabara&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Emsavadeg Shimabara (n'eus ket eus ar bajenn-mañ)">emsavadeg Shimabara</a> (島原の乱 <i>Shimabara no ran</i>, miz Kerzu <a href="/wiki/1637" title="1637">1637</a> – miz Ebrel <a href="/wiki/1638" title="1638">1638</a>), ma savas kouerion ha samouraied katolik enep an heskinadur a-berzh <i>daimyō</i> an domani Shimabara e <a href="/wiki/Ky%C5%ABsh%C5%AB" title="Kyūshū">Kyūshū</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Japan_a_brenn_an_nor_ouzh_an_estren">Japan a brenn an nor ouzh an estren</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Marevezh_Edo&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Kemmañ ar rann : Japan a brenn an nor ouzh an estren" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>kemmañ</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Marevezh_Edo&action=edit&section=2" title="Kemmañ kod tarzh ar rann : Japan a brenn an nor ouzh an estren"><span>kemmañ ar vammenn</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Adalek <a href="/wiki/1633" title="1633">1633</a> betek <a href="/wiki/1639" title="1639">1639</a>, ar <i>bakufu</i> dindan ren ar <i>shōgun</i> <a href="/wiki/Tokugawa_Iemitsu" title="Tokugawa Iemitsu">Tokugawa Iemitsu</a> (<a href="/wiki/1604" title="1604">1604</a>-<a href="/wiki/1651" title="1651">1651</a>) a embannas politikerezh ar <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sakoku&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sakoku (n'eus ket eus ar bajenn-mañ)">sakoku</a></i> (鎖国 "chadenn ar vro"), a dalvezas betek <a href="/wiki/1854" title="1854">1854</a> : sparlet e voe Japan ouzh an estrenien, berzet e voe ouzh Japaniz mont d'an estrenvro, ha berzet e oa sevel listri keinvor<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. Dre ar <i>sakoku</i> e voe lakaet un dermen da levezon bolitikel tost pep galloud estren e Japan, ha finvezh lec'h kantvedel Portugaliz e voe.<sup id="cite_ref-He_6-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-He-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br /> <a href="/wiki/Izelvroio%C3%B9" title="Izelvroioù">Izelvroiz</a> (<a href="/wiki/Protestantiezh" title="Protestantiezh">protestanted</a> anezho) e voe an Europiz nemeto a voe gouzañvet e Japan ; aotreet e voent da virout ur c'hontlec'h en <a href="/w/index.php?title=Enez_Dejima&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Enez Dejima (n'eus ket eus ar bajenn-mañ)">Enez Dejima</a>, un enezenn 9 000 m² bet savet gant an dud, a oa bet e dalc'h Portugaliz nepell diouzh Nagasaki. Sina ha Korea e oa an div vro all a oa aotreet da genwerzhañ<sup id="cite_ref-He_6-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-He-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. Kalz levrioù estren e voe berzet o gwerzhañ e Japan.<sup id="cite_ref-Pe_1-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Pe-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Degouezh_ar_Shogunelezh">Degouezh ar Shogunelezh</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Marevezh_Edo&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Kemmañ ar rann : Degouezh ar Shogunelezh" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>kemmañ</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Marevezh_Edo&action=edit&section=3" title="Kemmañ kod tarzh ar rann : Degouezh ar Shogunelezh"><span>kemmañ ar vammenn</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>E dibenn an <a href="/wiki/XVIIIvet_kantved" title="XVIIIvet kantved"><span style="text-transform:lowercase;font-variant:small-caps">XVIII</span><small><sup>vet</sup></small> kantved</a> e krogas ar shōgunelezh da wanaat<sup id="cite_ref-He_6-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-He-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. Echu e oa gant an araokadennoù er gounezerezh<sup id="cite_ref-To_4-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-To-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>, ha dister e voe mererezh an <a href="/w/index.php?title=Naonegezh_Tenp%C5%8D&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Naonegezh Tenpō (n'eus ket eus ar bajenn-mañ)">naonegezh Tenpō</a> (天保の飢饉 <i>Tenpō no kikin</i>) a skoas Japan adalek <a href="/wiki/1833" title="1833">1833</a> betek <a href="/wiki/1837" title="1837">1837</a><sup id="cite_ref-He_6-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-He-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. Un emsavadeg kouerion a oa e gor, ha nebeutoc'h a delloù a zeue e kefioù ar gouarnamant<sup id="cite_ref-To_4-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-To-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. Ar shōgunelezh a grennas gopr ar samouraied, a oa paour un niver bras anezhe dija hag o deveze alies un eil micher evit skoulmañ ganti<sup id="cite_ref-McL_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-McL-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. Dizale e voe lod anezho, aet er-maez pep framm, o fichañ diskar shōgunelezh ar c'hlann Tokugawa<sup id="cite_ref-Si_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Si-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br />. D'an hevelep mare e teue mennozhioù Europa ar C'hornôg d'ar bobl dre ar <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rangaku&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rangaku (n'eus ket eus ar bajenn-mañ)">rangaku</a></i> (蘭學 "studioù izelvroat") degaset gant levrioù eus an Izelvroioù<sup id="cite_ref-Pe_1-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Pe-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. Ar <a href="/wiki/Mezegiezh" title="Mezegiezh">mezeg</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sugita_Genpaku&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sugita Genpaku (n'eus ket eus ar bajenn-mañ)">Sugita Genpaku</a> (<a href="/wiki/1733" title="1733">1733</a>-<a href="/wiki/1817" title="1817">1817</a>), da skouer, a implijas teknikoù kornôgel evit kemmañ ar c'healioù japanat a-fed <a href="/wiki/Korfadurezh_denel" title="Korfadurezh denel">korfadurezh an den</a><sup id="cite_ref-W_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-W-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. Gouizieion all a voulc'has al luskad <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kokugaku&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kokugaku (n'eus ket eus ar bajenn-mañ)">kokugaku</a></i> (國學 "studioù broadel") evit distreiñ d'ar pezh a lakaent da "dalvoudegezhioù broadel" : enebiñ ouzh an <a href="/wiki/Nevez-Konfusianegezh" title="Nevez-Konfusianegezh">nevez-konfusianegezh</a> sinaat a veze skoret gant ar shōgunelezh Tokugawa, hag adlakaat an impalaer er galloud dreist ar <i>shōgun</i>, evel ma veze kelennet gant ar relijion shintō en ur ober dave da orinoù Japan : <a href="/w/index.php?title=Oadvezh_ar_Speredo%C3%B9&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Oadvezh ar Speredoù (n'eus ket eus ar bajenn-mañ)">Oadvezh ar Speredoù</a> (神代 <i>kami-yo</i>), kent <a href="/w/index.php?title=Impalaer_Jimmu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Impalaer Jimmu (n'eus ket eus ar bajenn-mañ)">Jimmu</a>, an impalaer kentañ, diskennad eus <a href="/w/index.php?title=Amaterasu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Amaterasu (n'eus ket eus ar bajenn-mañ)">Amaterasu</a>, doueez an <a href="/wiki/Heol" title="Heol">Heol</a>, hag eus <a href="/w/index.php?title=Susan%C5%8D&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Susanō (n'eus ket eus ar bajenn-mañ)">Susanō</a>, he breur, doue ar c'horventennoù<sup id="cite_ref-HP_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HP-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Diwezh_ar_Shogunelezh">Diwezh ar Shogunelezh</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Marevezh_Edo&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Kemmañ ar rann : Diwezh ar Shogunelezh" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>kemmañ</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Marevezh_Edo&action=edit&section=4" title="Kemmañ kod tarzh ar rann : Diwezh ar Shogunelezh"><span>kemmañ ar vammenn</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Tousmac'h bras a savas e Japan e <a href="/wiki/1853" title="1853">1853</a> pan erruas ul lestraz eus ar <a href="/wiki/Stado%C3%B9-Unanet_Amerika" title="Stadoù-Unanet Amerika">Stadoù-Unanet</a> renet gant ar c'homodor<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Matthew_C._Perry&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Matthew C. Perry (n'eus ket eus ar bajenn-mañ)">Matthew C. Perry</a> (<a href="/wiki/1794" title="1794">1794</a>-<a href="/wiki/1858" title="1858">1858</a>). Kaset e oa bet da Japan gant gouarnamant SUA evit terriñ emglozadur ar vro. Ar shōgunelezh n'he devoa difenn ebet enep ar c'hanolioù modern, hag e rankas neuze plegañ da urzhioù en estrenien nevez : reiñ aotre d'al listri amerikan d'en em bourveziñ ha da ober kenwerzh e porzhioù Bro-Japan<sup id="cite_ref-He_6-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-He-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. Galloudoù ar C'hornôg a redias an <a href="/wiki/Tierniezh_Qing" title="Tierniezh Qing">dierniezh Qing</a> e Sina, <a href="/wiki/Impalaeriezh_Rusia" class="mw-redirect" title="Impalaeriezh Rusia">Impalaeriezh Rusia</a> ha Japan da sinañ ar pezh a voe anvet "feurioù-emglev digempouez" gant Sinaiz ; Japan a voe rediet da lezel Kornôgiz da ober o annez er vro, hep lakaat kresk war prizioù ar marc'hadourezhioù enporzhiet ha ne oant ket aotreet kas Kornôgiz dirak ul lezvarn<sup id="cite_ref-Pe_1-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Pe-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br />. Pa ne c'halle ket ar shōgunelezh enebiñ e voe brouezet kalz Japaniz, re ar Su dreist-holl<sup id="cite_ref-He_6-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-He-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. Dindan levezon al luskad broadelour <i>kokugaku</i>, kalz samouraied a savas a-du gant al <a href="/wiki/Lugan" title="Lugan">lugan</a> <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Son%27n%C5%8D_j%C5%8Di&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Son'nō jōi (n'eus ket eus ar bajenn-mañ)">son'nō jōi</a></i> (尊皇攘夷 "Azaouziñ an impalaer, argas ar varbared") enep ar shōgunelezh hag an alouberion, gant harp daou <i>zaimyō</i> eus <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ch%C5%8Dsh%C5%AB&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Chōshū (n'eus ket eus ar bajenn-mañ)">Chōshū</a> ha <a href="/w/index.php?title=Satsuma&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Satsuma (n'eus ket eus ar bajenn-mañ)">Satsuma</a> er Su<sup id="cite_ref-HP_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HP-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. E miz Eost <a href="/wiki/1866" title="1866">1866</a>, nebeut goude bout lakaet da <i>shōgun</i>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Tokugawa_Yoshinobu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tokugawa Yoshinobu (n'eus ket eus ar bajenn-mañ)">Tokugawa Yoshinobu</a> (<a href="/wiki/1837" title="1837">1837</a>-<a href="/wiki/1913" title="1913">1913</a>) en devoe poan o sioulaat an emsavadeg a oa c'hoazh e gor<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. Er bloaz 1868, an daou <i>zaimyō</i> eus ar Su a gendrec'has an <a href="/w/index.php?title=Impalaer_Meiji&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Impalaer Meiji (n'eus ket eus ar bajenn-mañ)">impalaer Meiji</a> (<a href="/wiki/1852" title="1852">1852</a>-1912), 16 vloaz, hag e guzulierion da embann un daskrid a c'houlennfe diwezh ren ar shōgunelezh Tokugawa, ar pezh a voe graet. Dizale ez kerzhas armeoù Chōshū ha Satsuma betek Edo, ha boulc'het e voe <a href="/w/index.php?title=Brezel_Boshin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Brezel Boshin (n'eus ket eus ar bajenn-mañ)">Brezel Boshin</a> (戊辰戦争 <i>Boshin sensō</i>), a badas eus miz Genver 1868 betek miz Mezheven <a href="/wiki/1869" title="1869">1869</a> ha finvezh ar shōgunelezh Tokugawa.<sup id="cite_ref-He_6-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-He-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Kevredigezh_ha_sevenadur">Kevredigezh ha sevenadur</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Marevezh_Edo&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Kemmañ ar rann : Kevredigezh ha sevenadur" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>kemmañ</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Marevezh_Edo&action=edit&section=5" title="Kemmañ kod tarzh ar rann : Kevredigezh ha sevenadur"><span>kemmañ ar vammenn</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Levezonet-don e oa klann Tokugawa gant an nevez-konfusianegezh a skorent. Rannañ a rejont ar gevredigezh e peder rann, ar <a href="/w/index.php?title=Peder_micher&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Peder micher (n'eus ket eus ar bajenn-mañ)">peder micher</a> (士農工商 <i>shì nóng gōng shāng</i>) evel e Sina : <i>shī</i> (士 "klezeour"), <i>nóng</i> (農 "labourer-douar"), <i>gōng</i> (工 "artizan") ha <i>shāng</i> (商 "marc'hadour"). A-zisrann e chome ar samouraied, a venne heuliañ ar <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bushid%C5%8D&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bushidō (n'eus ket eus ar bajenn-mañ)">bushidō</a></i> (武士道), "hent ar c'hadour"<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. </p><p>A-hed kentañ kantved ren ar c'hlann Tokugawa e kreskas poblañs Japan daougement, betek tri milion a dud, abalamour d'ar gounezerezh dreist-holl ; stabil e chomas betek diwezh ar marevezh<sup id="cite_ref-To_4-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-To-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. Hentoù ha pontoù a voe savet, lamet e voe ar gwirioù treizh warno, un doare moneiz hepken a voe skoet, kement-se holl a lakaas ar c'henwerzh da vleuniañ<sup id="cite_ref-To_4-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-To-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. Muioc'h a dud a voe er c'hêrioù, met tost da 90% eus ar boblañs a oa o chom war ar maez<sup id="cite_ref-Jansen_2002_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Jansen_2002-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference cite_virgule">,</sup><sup id="cite_ref-Pe_1-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Pe-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. Diorroet e voe ar varregezh da lenn, da skrivañ ha da gontañ e-touez kêriz koulz ha maezidi. Kalz skolioù prevez a voe savet, en-dro d'an azeuldioù pergen, ha hepdale e voe 30% a dud desket — moarvat ar feur uhelañ er bed d'ar mare-se.<sup id="cite_ref-He_6-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-He-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> — ha dre-se e kreskas kalz an niver a levrioù embannet, betek kantadoù bep bloaz<sup id="cite_ref-Jansen_2002_14-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Jansen_2002-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. A-fet gouzout kontañ, muioc'h-mui a dud a voe gouest da reiñ o oad gwirion, ar pezh a oa a-live gant <a href="/wiki/Europa_ar_C%27hornaoueg" title="Europa ar C'hornaoueg">Europiz ar C'hornôg</a>. A-hed an <a href="/wiki/XIXvet_kantved" title="XIXvet kantved"><span style="text-transform:lowercase;font-variant:small-caps">XIX</span><small><sup>vet</sup></small> kantved</a> e veze gouest 100% a Japaniz da gontañ reizh. A-drugarez d'an izel ma oa an <a href="/w/index.php?title=Dislennegezh&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dislennegezh (n'eus ket eus ar bajenn-mañ)">dislennegezh</a> enni e c'hallas Japan ober finborte er c'hantved da-heul<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Restr:Sugita_Genpaku.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Sugita_Genpaku.jpg/220px-Sugita_Genpaku.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="262" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Sugita_Genpaku.jpg/330px-Sugita_Genpaku.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Sugita_Genpaku.jpg/440px-Sugita_Genpaku.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1187" data-file-height="1415" /></a><figcaption>Sugita Genpaku</figcaption></figure> <p>A-feur ma pinvidikaas ar genwerzhourion a-hed ar Marevezh Edo e krogjont da bostañ arc'hant er sevenadur hag er gevredigezh<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference cite_virgule">,</sup><sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. Lod anezho a oa madoberourion a rene ur vuhez vlizelour a veze graet <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ukiyo&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ukiyo (n'eus ket eus ar bajenn-mañ)">ukiyo</a></i> (浮世 "bed war neuñv") anezhi<sup id="cite_ref-HP_10-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HP-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>, alese an arz <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ukiyo-e&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ukiyo-e (n'eus ket eus ar bajenn-mañ)">ukiyo-e</a> </i>(浮世絵 "skeudennoù eus ar bed war neuñv") hag al levrioù <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ukiyo-z%C5%8Dshi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ukiyo-zōshi (n'eus ket eus ar bajenn-mañ)">ukiyo-zōshi</a></i> (浮世草子 "levrioù eus ar bed war neuñv"). Ar c'hentañ seurt levrioù japanek a blijas kalz d'an dud e voe ar re-se<sup id="cite_ref-HP_10-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HP-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. </p><p>Poblek ivez e teuas da vezañ ar <a href="/wiki/Arz_ar_c%27hoariva" title="Arz ar c'hoariva">pezhioù-c'hoari</a> <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kabuki&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kabuki (n'eus ket eus ar bajenn-mañ)">kabuki</a></i> (歌舞伎) hag ar margodennoù <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bunraku&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bunraku (n'eus ket eus ar bajenn-mañ)">bunraku</a></i> (文楽)<sup id="cite_ref-HP_10-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HP-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. Alies e veze c'hoariet ar pezhioù-se gant <i>kouta</i> (小唄 "kanaouennoùigoù") ha sonerezh ar <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shamisen&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Shamisen (n'eus ket eus ar bajenn-mañ)">shamisen</a></i> (三味線), ur <a href="/wiki/Benveg-seni%C3%B1" title="Benveg-seniñ">benveg-seniñ</a> a erruas e Japan e 1600<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. An <i><a href="/wiki/Haiku" title="Haiku">Haiku</a></i> (俳句) e voe an doare <a href="/wiki/Barzhoniezh" title="Barzhoniezh">barzhoniezh</a> pennañ, <a href="/wiki/Matsuo_Bash%C5%8D" title="Matsuo Bashō">Matsuo Bashō</a> (<a href="/wiki/1644" title="1644">1644</a>-<a href="/wiki/1694" title="1694">1694</a>) ar mestr anezho<sup id="cite_ref-HP_10-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HP-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. Ur vicher nevez a voe evit ar merc'hed : hini ar <i><a href="/wiki/Geisha" title="Geisha">geisha</a></i> (芸者), anezho arzourezed a ouie kanañ, seniñ ha kendivizout gant o arvalien — <a href="/wiki/Gasterezh" title="Gasterezh">gisti</a> ne oant ket avat<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notennoù"><span id="Notenno.C3.B9"></span>Notennoù</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Marevezh_Edo&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Kemmañ ar rann : Notennoù" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>kemmañ</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Marevezh_Edo&action=edit&section=6" title="Kemmañ kod tarzh ar rann : Notennoù"><span>kemmañ ar vammenn</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="references-small" style="column-count:1; -moz-column-count:1; -webkit-column-count:1;"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Pe-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Pe_1-0">1,0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Pe_1-1">1,1</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Pe_1-2">1,2</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Pe_1-3">1,3</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Pe_1-4">1,4</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Pe_1-5">1,5</a></sup> ha<sup><a href="#cite_ref-Pe_1-6">1,6</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text">Perez, 1998.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Tu-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Tu_2-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Turnbull 2006.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Kerr-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Kerr_3-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Kerr 2018</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-To-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-To_4-0">4,0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-To_4-1">4,1</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-To_4-2">4,2</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-To_4-3">4,3</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-To_4-4">4,4</a></sup> ha<sup><a href="#cite_ref-To_4-5">4,5</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text">Totman, 2014</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-McL-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-McL_5-0">5,0</a></sup> ha<sup><a href="#cite_ref-McL_5-1">5,1</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text">McClain 2001.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-He-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-He_6-0">6,00</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-He_6-1">6,01</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-He_6-2">6,02</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-He_6-3">6,03</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-He_6-4">6,04</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-He_6-5">6,05</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-He_6-6">6,06</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-He_6-7">6,07</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-He_6-8">6,08</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-He_6-9">6,09</a></sup> ha<sup><a href="#cite_ref-He_6-10">6,10</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text">Henshall 2012.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-7">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Chaiklin 2013.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Si-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Si_8-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Sims 2002.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-W-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-W_9-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Walker 2015.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-HP-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-HP_10-0">10,0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-HP_10-1">10,1</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-HP_10-2">10,2</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-HP_10-3">10,3</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-HP_10-4">10,4</a></sup> ha<sup><a href="#cite_ref-HP_10-5">10,5</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text">Hane & Perez 1991</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-11">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Ofiser er <a href="/wiki/Morlu" title="Morlu">morlu</a> e Breizh-Veur, en Izelvroioù pe er <a href="/wiki/Stado%C3%B9-Unanet_Amerika" title="Stadoù-Unanet Amerika">Stadoù-Unanet</a>, dindan urzhioù un isamiral ; 1760, eus <span style="font-family:monospace;font-weight:bold;font-size:11px;cursor:help;" title="Yezh : nederlandeg">(nl)</span> <i>kommandeur</i>, dre <span style="font-family:monospace;font-weight:bold;font-size:11px;cursor:help;" title="Yezh : galleg">(fr)</span> <i>commandeur</i>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-12">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Gordon 2009</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-13">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Collcutt 1983.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Jansen_2002-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Jansen_2002_14-0">14,0</a></sup> ha<sup><a href="#cite_ref-Jansen_2002_14-1">14,1</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text">Jansen 2002.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-15">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Baten 2016</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-16">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Karan 2005.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-17">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Hirschmeier & Yui 1975</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-18">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Dalby 2000.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-19">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Crihfield 1983.</span> </li> </ol></div> <p><br /> </p> <table class="navbox" cellspacing="0" style=";"><tbody><tr><td style="padding:2px;"><table cellspacing="0" class="nowraplinks collapsible autocollapse" style="width:100%;background:transparent;color:inherit;;"><tbody><tr><th style=";" colspan="3" class="navbox-title"><div style="float:left; width:6em;text-align:left;"><div class="noprint plainlinks navbar" style="background:none; padding:0; font-weight:normal;;;border:none;; font-size:xx-small;"><a href="/wiki/Patrom:Boest_Istor_Japan" title="Patrom:Boest Istor Japan"><span title="Gwelout ar patrom" style=";;border:none;">g</span></a> <span style="font-size:80%;">•</span> <a href="/wiki/Kaozeadenn_Patrom:Boest_Istor_Japan" title="Kaozeadenn Patrom:Boest Istor Japan"><span title="Kaozeal diwar-benn ar patrom" style=";;border:none;">ka</span></a> <span style="font-size:80%;">•</span> <a class="external text" href="https://br.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Patrom:Boest_Istor_Japan&action=edit"><span title="Kemmañ ar patrom" style=";;border:none;;">ke</span></a></div></div><big><a href="/wiki/Istor_Japan" title="Istor Japan">Istor Bro-Japan</a></big></th></tr><tr style="height:2px;"><td></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-group" style=";;"><div class="center"><a href="/wiki/Istor_Japan#Ragistor_ha_Henjapan" title="Istor Japan">Ragistor ha Henjapan</a></div></td><td style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-odd"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <div><a href="/w/index.php?title=Prantad_paleolitek_Japan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Prantad paleolitek Japan (n'eus ket eus ar bajenn-mañ)">Prantad paleolitek Japan</a> • <a href="/wiki/Marevezh_J%C5%8Dmon" title="Marevezh Jōmon">Marevezh Jōmon</a> • <a href="/wiki/Poblad_J%C5%8Dmon" title="Poblad Jōmon">Poblad Jōmon</a> • <a href="/wiki/Poderezh_J%C5%8Dmon" title="Poderezh Jōmon">Poderezh Jōmon</a> • <a href="/wiki/Marevezh_Yayoi" title="Marevezh Yayoi">Marevezh Yayoi</a> • <a href="/wiki/Poblad_Yayoi" title="Poblad Yayoi">Poblad Yayoi</a> • <a href="/wiki/Kuni-yuzuri" title="Kuni-yuzuri">Kuni-yuzuri</a> * <a href="/wiki/Marevezh_Kofun" class="mw-redirect" title="Marevezh Kofun">Marevezh Kofun</a></div></div></td><td style="width:0%;padding:0px 0px 0px 2px;" rowspan="9"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Restr:Minamoto_no_Yoritomo.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Minamoto_no_Yoritomo.jpg/120px-Minamoto_no_Yoritomo.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Minamoto_no_Yoritomo.jpg/180px-Minamoto_no_Yoritomo.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Minamoto_no_Yoritomo.jpg/240px-Minamoto_no_Yoritomo.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1584" data-file-height="1974" /></a></span></td></tr><tr style="height:2px"><td></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-group" style=";;"><div class="center"><a href="/wiki/Istor_Japan#Japan_glasel" title="Istor Japan">Bro-Japan glasel</a> (538-1185)</div></td><td style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-even"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <div><a href="/wiki/Marevezh_Asuka" class="mw-redirect" title="Marevezh Asuka">Marevezh Asuka</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Dezveg_Taih%C5%8D&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dezveg Taihō (n'eus ket eus ar bajenn-mañ)">Dezveg Taihō</a> • <a href="/wiki/Boudaegezh" title="Boudaegezh">Deroù ar voudaegezh</a>) • <a href="/wiki/Marevezh_Nara" class="mw-redirect" title="Marevezh Nara">Marevezh Nara</a> (<i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kojiki&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kojiki (n'eus ket eus ar bajenn-mañ)">Kojiki</a></i> • <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nihon_Shoki&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nihon Shoki (n'eus ket eus ar bajenn-mañ)">Nihon Shoki</a></i> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=D%C5%8Dky%C5%8D&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dōkyō (n'eus ket eus ar bajenn-mañ)">Dōkyō</a>) • <a href="/wiki/Marevezh_Heian" title="Marevezh Heian">Marevezh Heian</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Brezel_Zenkunen&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Brezel Zenkunen (n'eus ket eus ar bajenn-mañ)">Brezel Zenkunen</a> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=Brezel_Gosannen&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Brezel Gosannen (n'eus ket eus ar bajenn-mañ)">Brezel Gosannen</a> • <a href="/wiki/Minamoto_no_Yoritomo" title="Minamoto no Yoritomo">Minamoto no Yoritomo</a> • <i><a href="/wiki/Genji_Monogatari" title="Genji Monogatari">Genji Monogatari</a></i> • <a href="/wiki/Brezel_Genpei" title="Brezel Genpei">Brezel Genpei</a>) • <a href="/wiki/Kannaderezh_an_Impalaer_da_Sina" title="Kannaderezh an Impalaer da Sina">Kannaderezh an Impalaer da Sina</a></div></div></td></tr><tr style="height:2px"><td></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-group" style=";;"><div class="center"><a href="/wiki/Istor_Japan#Japan_c'hladdalc'hel" title="Istor Japan">Japan c'hladdalc'hel</a> (1185-1600)</div></td><td style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-odd"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <div><a href="/wiki/Marevezh_Kamakura" class="mw-redirect" title="Marevezh Kamakura">Marevezh Kamakura</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Brezel_J%C5%8Dky%C5%AB&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Brezel Jōkyū (n'eus ket eus ar bajenn-mañ)">Brezel Jōkyū</a> • <a href="/wiki/Minamoto_no_Yoritomo" title="Minamoto no Yoritomo">Minamoto no Yoritomo</a> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=Aloubadego%C3%B9_ar_Vongoled_e_Japan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Aloubadegoù ar Vongoled e Japan (n'eus ket eus ar bajenn-mañ)">Aloubadegoù ar Vongoled</a>) • <a href="/wiki/Marevezh_Muromachi" class="mw-redirect" title="Marevezh Muromachi">Marevezh Muromachi</a> • <a href="/wiki/Marevezh_Azuchi-Momoyama" title="Marevezh Azuchi-Momoyama">Marevezh Azuchi-Momoyama</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Kenwerzh_Nanban&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kenwerzh Nanban (n'eus ket eus ar bajenn-mañ)">Kenwerzh Nanban</a> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=Aloubadeg_Korea_ha_Mandchouria_gant_Japan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Aloubadeg Korea ha Mandchouria gant Japan (n'eus ket eus ar bajenn-mañ)">Aloubadeg Korea ha Mandchouria</a> • <a href="/wiki/Emgann_Tenmokuzan" title="Emgann Tenmokuzan">Emgann Tenmokuzan</a>)</div></div></td></tr><tr style="height:2px"><td></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-group" style=";;"><div class="center"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Marevezh Edo</a> (1600–1868)</div></td><td style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-even"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <div><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aloubadeg_Ryukyu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Aloubadeg Ryukyu (n'eus ket eus ar bajenn-mañ)">Aloubadeg Ryukyu</a> * <a href="/wiki/Tokugawa_Ieyasu" title="Tokugawa Ieyasu">Tokugawa Ieyasu</a> • <a href="/wiki/Tokugawa_Iemitsu" title="Tokugawa Iemitsu">Tokugawa Iemitsu</a> • <a href="/wiki/Hasekura_Tsunenaga" title="Hasekura Tsunenaga">Hasekura Tsunenaga</a> * <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ergerzhadenn_Perry&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ergerzhadenn Perry (n'eus ket eus ar bajenn-mañ)">Ergerzhadenn Perry</a> * <a href="/w/index.php?title=Feur-emglev_Kanagawa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Feur-emglev Kanagawa (n'eus ket eus ar bajenn-mañ)">Feur-emglev Kanagawa</a> • <a href="/wiki/Adsav_Meiji" title="Adsav Meiji">Adsav Meiji</a> • <a href="/wiki/Brezel_ar_Boshin" title="Brezel ar Boshin">Brezel ar Boshin</a> • <a href="/wiki/Byakkotai" title="Byakkotai">Byakkotai</a> • <a href="/wiki/Emgann_Shimonoseki" title="Emgann Shimonoseki">Emgann Shimonoseki</a></div></div></td></tr><tr style="height:2px"><td></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-group" style=";;"><div class="center">Bro-Japan a-vremañ</div></td><td style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-odd"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> </div><table cellspacing="0" class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="width:100%;;;;"><tbody><tr><td class="navbox-group" style=";;"><div class="center"><a href="/wiki/Impalaeriezh_Japan" title="Impalaeriezh Japan">Impalaeriezh Bro-Japan</a> <br />(1868-1947)</div></td><td style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-even"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <a href="/wiki/Oadvezh_Meiji" class="mw-redirect" title="Oadvezh Meiji">Oadvezh Meiji</a> (1868–1912) • <a href="/wiki/Oadvezh_Taish%C5%8D" title="Oadvezh Taishō">Oadvezh Taishō</a> (1912–1926) • <a href="/wiki/Oadvezh_Sh%C5%8Dwa" title="Oadvezh Shōwa">Oadvezh Shōwa</a> (1926–1989) • <a href="/wiki/Jules_Brunet" title="Jules Brunet">Jules Brunet</a> • <a href="/wiki/Emsavadeg_ar_Vokserien" title="Emsavadeg ar Vokserien">Emsavadeg ar Vokserien</a> • <a href="/wiki/Brezel_etre_Japan_ha_Rusia" title="Brezel etre Japan ha Rusia">Brezel etre Japan ha Rusia</a> (1904-1905) • <a href="/wiki/Brezel_Sina_ha_Japan_(1937-1945)" title="Brezel Sina ha Japan (1937-1945)">Brezel Sina ha Japan (1937-1945)</a> • <a href="/wiki/Lazhadeg_Nanjing" title="Lazhadeg Nanjing">Lazhadeg Nanjing</a> • <a href="/wiki/Brezel_ar_Meurvor_Habask_(1937-1945)" title="Brezel ar Meurvor Habask (1937-1945)">Brezel ar Meurvor Habask (1937-1945)</a> • <a href="/wiki/Arsailh_war_Pearl_Harbor" title="Arsailh war Pearl Harbor">Pearl Harbor</a> • <a href="/wiki/Eil_Brezel-bed" title="Eil Brezel-bed">Eil Brezel-bed</a> • <a href="/wiki/Emgann_Midway" title="Emgann Midway">Midway</a> • <a href="/wiki/Emgann_Guadalcanal" class="mw-redirect" title="Emgann Guadalcanal">Guadalcanal</a> • <a href="/wiki/Emgann_Saipan" title="Emgann Saipan">Saipan</a> • <a href="/wiki/Emgann_Iwo_Jima" title="Emgann Iwo Jima">Iwo Jima</a> • <a href="/wiki/Emgann_Okinawa" title="Emgann Okinawa">Okinawa</a> • <a href="/wiki/Bombezadenn_Tokyo_(10_a_viz_Meurzh_1945)" title="Bombezadenn Tokyo (10 a viz Meurzh 1945)">Bombezadenn Tokyo (10 a viz Meurzh 1945)</a> • <a href="/wiki/Bombezadenno%C3%B9_atomek_Hiroshima_ha_Nagasaki" title="Bombezadennoù atomek Hiroshima ha Nagasaki">Bombezadennoù atomek Hiroshima ha Nagasaki</a></div></td></tr><tr style="height:2px"><td></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-group" style=";;"><div class="center">Japan abaoe 1947</div></td><td style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-odd"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <a href="/wiki/Oadvezh_Sh%C5%8Dwa" title="Oadvezh Shōwa">Oadvezh Shōwa</a> (1926–1989) • <a href="/wiki/Oadvezh_Heisei" title="Oadvezh Heisei">Oadvezh Heisei</a> (1989-2019) • <a href="/wiki/Oadvezh_Reiwa" class="mw-redirect" title="Oadvezh Reiwa">Oadvezh Reiwa</a> (2019-2025) • <a href="/wiki/Yokohama_War_Crimes_Trials" class="mw-redirect" title="Yokohama War Crimes Trials">Prosez Yokohama</a> • <a href="/wiki/Fuzuilhadego%C3%B9_Zama_ha_Shibuya" title="Fuzuilhadegoù Zama ha Shibuya">Fuzuilhadegoù Zama ha Shibuya</a> • <a href="/wiki/Gwallzarvoud_nukleel_Fukushima_I" title="Gwallzarvoud nukleel Fukushima I">Gwallzarvoud nukleel Fukushima I</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr style="height:2px;"><td></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" style=";" colspan="3"><div class="center"></div></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr></tbody></table>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=0" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Adtapet diwar « <a dir="ltr" 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