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wideness</title> <meta name="description" content="Search results for: cities wideness"> <meta name="keywords" content="cities wideness"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, minimum-scale=1, maximum-scale=1, user-scalable=no"> <meta charset="utf-8"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" rel="shortcut icon"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/fontawesome/css/all.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/css/site.css?v=150220211555" rel="stylesheet"> </head> <body> <header> <div class="container"> <nav class="navbar navbar-expand-lg navbar-light"> <a class="navbar-brand" href="https://waset.org"> <img src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/images/wasetc.png" alt="Open Science Research Excellence" title="Open Science Research Excellence" /> </a> <button class="d-block d-lg-none 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action="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search"> <div id="custom-search-input"> <div class="input-group"> <i class="fas fa-search"></i> <input type="text" class="search-query" name="q" placeholder="Author, Title, Abstract, Keywords" value="cities wideness"> <input type="submit" class="btn_search" value="Search"> </div> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div class="row mt-3"> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Commenced</strong> in January 2007</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Frequency:</strong> Monthly</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Edition:</strong> International</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Paper Count:</strong> 1855</div> </div> </div> </div> <h1 class="mt-3 mb-3 text-center" style="font-size:1.6rem;">Search results for: cities wideness</h1> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1855</span> Experimental Investigation on Noise from Rod-Airfoil with Leading Edge Serrations</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Siti%20Ruhliah%20Lizarose%20Samion">Siti Ruhliah Lizarose Samion</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohamed%20Sukri%20Mat%20Ali"> Mohamed Sukri Mat Ali</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Con%20Doolan"> Con Doolan</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The present work is an experimental investigation of adapting a passive treatment leading edge serrations over a rod-airfoil flow-induced noise generation. The leading edge serrations are bio-inspired from a barn-owl silent flight. The rod-airfoil configuration is a benchmark configuration taken to investigate airfoil-turbulence interaction noise (ATIN). Location of serrations placed and the wideness of serrations are the two parameters taken in this study. The ATIN is reduced up to 3.5 dB for a wide leading serrations case. A correlation is found between the wideness of serrations and the noise reduction mechanism of the airfoil. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=aerodynamic%20noise" title="aerodynamic noise">aerodynamic noise</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=leading%20edge%20serrations" title=" leading edge serrations"> leading edge serrations</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=rod-airfoil" title=" rod-airfoil"> rod-airfoil</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=experiment" title=" experiment"> experiment</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/84951/experimental-investigation-on-noise-from-rod-airfoil-with-leading-edge-serrations" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/84951.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">353</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1854</span> Urban Design via Estimation Model for Traffic Index of Cities Based on an Artificial Intelligence</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Seyed%20Sobhan%20Alvani">Seyed Sobhan Alvani</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohammad%20Gohari"> Mohammad Gohari</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> By developing cities and increasing the population, traffic congestion has become a vital problem. Due to this crisis, urban designers try to present solutions to decrease this difficulty. On the other hand, predicting the model with perfect accuracy is essential for solution-providing. The current study presents a model based on artificial intelligence which can predict traffic index based on city population, growth rate, and area. The accuracy of the model was evaluated, which is acceptable and it is around 90%. Thus, urban designers and planners can employ it for predicting traffic index in the future to provide strategies. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=traffic%20index" title="traffic index">traffic index</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=population%20growth%20rate" title=" population growth rate"> population growth rate</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cities%20wideness" title=" cities wideness"> cities wideness</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=artificial%20neural%20network" title=" artificial neural network"> artificial neural network</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/187941/urban-design-via-estimation-model-for-traffic-index-of-cities-based-on-an-artificial-intelligence" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/187941.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">40</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1853</span> A Tactic for a Cosmopolitan City Comparison through a Data-Driven Approach: Case of Climate City Networking</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sombol%20Mokhles">Sombol Mokhles</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Tackling climate change requires expanding networking opportunities between a diverse range of cities to accelerate climate actions. Existing climate city networks have limitations in actively engaging “ordinary” cities in networking processes between cities, as they encourage a few powerful cities to be followed by the many “ordinary” cities. To reimagine the networking opportunities between cities beyond global cities, this paper incorporates “cosmopolitan comparison” to expand our knowledge of a diverse range of cities using a data-driven approach. Through a cosmopolitan perspective, a framework is presented on how to utilise large data to expand knowledge of cities beyond global cities to reimagine the existing hierarchical networking practices. The contribution of this framework is beyond urban climate governance but inclusive of different fields which strive for a more inclusive and cosmopolitan comparison attentive to the differences across cities. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cosmopolitan%20city%20comparison" title="cosmopolitan city comparison">cosmopolitan city comparison</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=data-driven%20approach" title=" data-driven approach"> data-driven approach</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=climate%20city%20networking" title=" climate city networking"> climate city networking</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=urban%20climate%20governance" title=" urban climate governance"> urban climate governance</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/155479/a-tactic-for-a-cosmopolitan-city-comparison-through-a-data-driven-approach-case-of-climate-city-networking" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/155479.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">111</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1852</span> Actually Existing Policy Mobilities in Czechia: Comparing Creative and Smart Cities</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ondrej%20Slach">Ondrej Slach</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jan%20Machacek"> Jan Machacek</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jan%20Zenka"> Jan Zenka</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Lucie%20Hyllova"> Lucie Hyllova</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Petr%20Rumpel"> Petr Rumpel</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The aim of the paper is to identify and asses different trajectories of two fashionable urban policies –creative and smart cities– in specific post-socialistic context. Drawing on the case of Czechia, we employ the concept of policy mobility research. More specifically, we employ a discourse analysis in order to identify the so-called 'infrastructure' of both policies (such as principal actors, journals, conferences, events), with the special focus on 'agents of transfer' in a multiscale perspective. The preliminary results indicate faster and more aggressive spatial penetration of smart cities policy compared to creative cities policy in Czechia. Further, it seems that existed translation and implementation of smart cities policy into the national and urban context resulted in deliberated fragmented policy of smart cities in Czechia (pure technocratic view), which might be a threat for the future development of social sustainability, especially in cities that are facing increasing social polarisation. Last but not least, due to the fast spatial penetration of the concept and policies of smart cities, it seems that creative cities policy has almost been crowded out of the Czech urban agenda. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=policy%20mobility" title="policy mobility">policy mobility</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=smart%20cities" title=" smart cities"> smart cities</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=creative%20cities" title=" creative cities"> creative cities</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Czechia" title=" Czechia"> Czechia</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/114602/actually-existing-policy-mobilities-in-czechia-comparing-creative-and-smart-cities" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/114602.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">168</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1851</span> A Research Review of Cycling Suitability Assessment for Mountainous Cities</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Xiaofeng%20Fu">Xiaofeng Fu</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper begins with the deconstruction of the localization of China's bicycle renaissance. Then think about how to scientifically plan bicycle traffic in a sustainable way in typed cities, especially in mountainous cities, because they need to respond to more serious geographical issues. Therefore, by sorting out the international research on bicycle traffic in mountainous cities, bike-ability is summarized as a prevalent qualitative analysis medium. Then this paper lists the influencing factors of likeability, the general research framework, and responds to the common problem of mountain cities, that is, the treatment of road longitudinal slopes, to assist urban managers in assessing whether the city's complex terrain is suitable for cycling and identifying possible improvements. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=traffic%20planning" title="traffic planning">traffic planning</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bikeability" title=" bikeability"> bikeability</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cycling%20suitability" title=" cycling suitability"> cycling suitability</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mountainous%20cities" title=" mountainous cities"> mountainous cities</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/167642/a-research-review-of-cycling-suitability-assessment-for-mountainous-cities" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/167642.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">73</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1850</span> Inclusive Cities Decision Matrix Based on a Multidimensional Approach for Sustainable Smart Cities</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Madhurima%20S.%20Waghmare">Madhurima S. Waghmare</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shaleen%20Singhal"> Shaleen Singhal</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The concept of smartness, inclusion, sustainability is multidisciplinary and fuzzy, rooted in economic and social development theories and policies which get reflected in the spatial development of the cities. It is a challenge to convert these concepts from aspirations to transforming actions. There is a dearth of assessment and planning tools to support the city planners and administrators in developing smart, inclusive, and sustainable cities. To address this gap, this study develops an inclusive cities decision matrix based on an exploratory approach and using mixed methods. The matrix is soundly based on a review of multidisciplinary urban sector literature and refined and finalized based on inputs from experts and insights from case studies. The application of the decision matric on the case study cities in India suggests that the contemporary planning tools for cities need to be multidisciplinary and flexible to respond to the unique needs of the diverse contexts. The paper suggests that a multidimensional and inclusive approach to city planning can play an important role in building sustainable smart cities. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=inclusive-cities%20decision%20matrix" title="inclusive-cities decision matrix">inclusive-cities decision matrix</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=smart%20cities%20in%20India" title=" smart cities in India"> smart cities in India</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=city%20planning%20tools" title=" city planning tools"> city planning tools</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sustainable%20cities" title=" sustainable cities"> sustainable cities</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/132136/inclusive-cities-decision-matrix-based-on-a-multidimensional-approach-for-sustainable-smart-cities" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/132136.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">156</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1849</span> Planning for a Smart Sustainable Cities: A Case Study</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ajaykumar%20Kambekar">Ajaykumar Kambekar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nikita%20Kalantri"> Nikita Kalantri</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Due to faster urbanization; developing nations will have to look forward towards establishing new planned cities those are environmentally friendly. Due to growth in Information and Communication Technology (ICT), it is evident that the rise of smart cities is witnessed as a promising trend for future growth; however, technology alone cannot make a city as a smart city. Cities must use smart systems to enhance the quality of life of its citizens and to achieve sustainable growth. Recent trends in technology may offer some indication towards harnessing our cities potential as the new engines of sustainable growth. To overcome the problems of mega-urbanization, new concept of smart cities has been introduced. The current research aims to reduce the knowledge gap in urban planning by exploring the concept of smart cities considering sustainability as a major focus. The aim of this paper is to plan for an entire smart city. The paper analyses sustainable development and identifies the key factors for the creation of future smart cities. The study also emphasizes the use of advanced planning and scheduling software such as Microsoft Project (MSP). <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=urbanization" title="urbanization">urbanization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=planned%20cities" title=" planned cities"> planned cities</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=information%20and%20communication%20technology" title=" information and communication technology"> information and communication technology</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sustainable%20growth" title=" sustainable growth"> sustainable growth</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/52595/planning-for-a-smart-sustainable-cities-a-case-study" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/52595.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">308</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1848</span> Integrating Environmental and Ecological Justice for the Sustainable Development of Smart Cities: A Normative Eco Framework</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Thomas%20Benson">Thomas Benson</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper leverages theoretical insights into two different justice approaches – environmental justice and ecological justice – to examine the effectiveness of sustainable development within smart cities and related smart city technology initiatives. Through theoretical development, the author seeks to establish an Eco Framework for smart cities and urban sustainable development. In turn, this paper aims to proffer the notion that there are ecologically sustainable ways in which smart cities can get smarter, and that such strategies can be compatible with ecological justice and environmental justice. Ultimately, a single conceptual framework is put forward to integrate the above approaches and concepts with normative prescriptions, which can serve researchers in the continued examination of smart cities and policymakers in their sustainable development of smart cities. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ecological%20justice" title="ecological justice">ecological justice</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=environmental%20justice" title=" environmental justice"> environmental justice</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=normative%20framework" title=" normative framework"> normative framework</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=smart%20cities" title=" smart cities"> smart cities</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sustainable%20development" title=" sustainable development"> sustainable development</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/119886/integrating-environmental-and-ecological-justice-for-the-sustainable-development-of-smart-cities-a-normative-eco-framework" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/119886.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">178</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1847</span> The Role of Sustainable Development in the Design and Planning of Smart Cities Using GIS Techniques: Models of Arab Cities</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ahmed%20M.%20Jihad">Ahmed M. Jihad</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The paper presents the concept of sustainable development, and the role of geographic techniques in the design, planning and presentation of maps of smart cities with geographical vision, and the identification of programs and tools, and models of maps of Arab cities, is the problem of research in how to apply, process and experience these programs? What is the role of geographic techniques in planning and mapping the optimal place for these cities? The paper proposes an addition to the designs of Iraqi cities, as it can be developed in the future to serve as a model for interactive smart cities by developing its services. The importance of this paper stems from the concept of sustainable development dynamic which has become a method of development imposed by the present era in rapid development to achieve social balance and specialized programs in draw paper argues that ensuring sustainable development is achieved through the use of information technology. The paper will follow the theoretical presentation of the importance of the concept of development, design tools and programs. The paper follows the method of analysis of modern systems (System Analysis Approach) through the latest programs will provide results can be said that the new Iraqi cities can be developed with smart technologies, like some of the Arab and European cities that were newly created through the introduction of international investment, and therefore Plans can be made to select the best programs in manufacturing and producing maps and smart cities in the future. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=geographic%20techniques" title="geographic techniques">geographic techniques</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=planning%20the%20cities" title=" planning the cities"> planning the cities</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=smart%20cities" title=" smart cities"> smart cities</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sustainable%20development" title=" sustainable development"> sustainable development</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/80150/the-role-of-sustainable-development-in-the-design-and-planning-of-smart-cities-using-gis-techniques-models-of-arab-cities" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/80150.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">210</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1846</span> The Prospects of Leveraging (Big) Data for Accelerating a Just Sustainable Transition around Different Contexts</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sombol%20Mokhles">Sombol Mokhles</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper tries to show the prospects of utilising (big)data for enabling just the transition of diverse cities. Our key purpose is to offer a framework of applications and implications of utlising (big) data in comparing sustainability transitions across different cities. Relying on the cosmopolitan comparison, this paper explains the potential application of (big) data but also its limitations. The paper calls for adopting a data-driven and just perspective in including different cities around the world. Having a just and inclusive approach at the front and centre ensures a just transition with synergistic effects that leave nobody behind. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=big%20data" title="big data">big data</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=just%20sustainable%20transition" title=" just sustainable transition"> just sustainable transition</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cosmopolitan%20city%20comparison" title=" cosmopolitan city comparison"> cosmopolitan city comparison</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cities" title=" cities"> cities</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/155482/the-prospects-of-leveraging-big-data-for-accelerating-a-just-sustainable-transition-around-different-contexts" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/155482.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">99</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1845</span> Citizen Participation in Smart Cities: Singapore and Tokyo</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Thomas%20Benson">Thomas Benson</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Smart cities have been heralded as multi-faceted entities which utilise information and communication technologies to enhance citizen participation. The purpose of this paper is to outline authoritative definitions of smart cities and citizen participation and investigate smart city citizen-centrism rhetoric by examining urban governance and citizen participation processes. Drawing on extant literature and official city government documents and websites, Singapore (Singapore) and Tokyo (Japan) are chosen as comparable smart city case studies. For the smart city to be truly realised, this paper concludes that smart cities must do more to incorporate genuine citizen participation mechanisms. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=citizen%20participation" title="citizen participation">citizen participation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=smart%20cities" title=" smart cities"> smart cities</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=urban%20governance" title=" urban governance"> urban governance</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Singapore" title=" Singapore"> Singapore</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tokyo" title=" Tokyo"> Tokyo</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/130144/citizen-participation-in-smart-cities-singapore-and-tokyo" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/130144.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">151</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1844</span> Evaluation of the Spatial Performance of Ancient Cities in the Context of Landscape Architecture</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Elvan%20Ender%20Altay">Elvan Ender Altay</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zeynep%20Pirselimoglu%20Batman"> Zeynep Pirselimoglu Batman</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Murat%20Zencirkiran"> Murat Zencirkiran</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Ancient cities are, according to United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO), landscape areas designed and created by people, at the same time naturally developing and constantly changing sustainable cultural landscapes. Ancient cities are the urban settlements where we can see the reflection of public lifestyle existed thousands of years ago. The conceptual and spatial traces in ancient cities, are crucial for examining the city history and its preservation. This study is intended to demonstrate the impacts of human life and physical environment on the cultural landscape. This research aims to protect and maintain cultural continuity of the ancient cities in Bursa which contain archeological and historical elements and could not majorly reach to the day because of not being protected and to show importance of landscape architecture to ensure this protection. In this context, ancient cities in Bursa were researched and a total of 7 ancient cities were identified. These ancient cities are; Apollonia, Lopadion, Nicaea, Myrleia, Cius, Daskyleion and Basilinopolis. In the next stage, the spatial performances of ancient cities were assessed by weighted criteria method. The highest score is the Nicaea Ancient City. Considering current situation of the ancient cities in Bursa, it is seen that most of them could not survive until our day due to lack of interest in these areas. As a result, according to the findings, it is a priority to create a protective band with green areas around the archaeological sites, thus adapting to nearby areas and emphasizing culture. In addition, proposals have been made to provide a transportation network that does not harm the ancient cities and the cultural landscape. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ancient%20cities" title="ancient cities">ancient cities</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bursa" title=" Bursa"> Bursa</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=landscape" title=" landscape"> landscape</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=spatial%20performance" title=" spatial performance"> spatial performance</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/97875/evaluation-of-the-spatial-performance-of-ancient-cities-in-the-context-of-landscape-architecture" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/97875.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">202</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1843</span> What Smart Can Learn about Art</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Faten%20Hatem">Faten Hatem</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper explores the associated understanding of the role and meaning of art and whether it is perceived to be separate from smart city construction. The paper emphasises the significance of fulfilling the inherent need for discovery and interaction, driving people to explore new places and think of works of art. This is done by exploring the ways of thinking and types of art in Milton Keynes by illustrating a general pattern of misunderstanding that relies on the separation between smart, art, and architecture, promoting a better and deeper understanding of the interconnections between neuroscience, art, and architecture. A reflective approach is used to clarify the potential and impact of using art-based research, methodology, and ways of knowing when approaching global phenomena and knowledge production while examining the process of making and developing smart cities, in particular, asserting that factors can severely impact it in the process of conducting the study itself. It follows a case study as a research strategy. The qualitative methods included data collection and analysis that involved interviews and observations that depended on visuals. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=smart%20cities" title="smart cities">smart cities</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=art%20and%20smart" title=" art and smart"> art and smart</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=smart%20cities%20design" title=" smart cities design"> smart cities design</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=smart%20cities%20making" title=" smart cities making"> smart cities making</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sustainability" title=" sustainability"> sustainability</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=city%20brain%20and%20smart%20cities%20metrics" title=" city brain and smart cities metrics"> city brain and smart cities metrics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=smart%20cities%20standards" title=" smart cities standards"> smart cities standards</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=smart%20cities%20applications" title=" smart cities applications"> smart cities applications</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=governance" title=" governance"> governance</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=planning%20and%20policy" title=" planning and policy"> planning and policy</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/151221/what-smart-can-learn-about-art" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/151221.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">117</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1842</span> Urban Planning and Sustainable Cities: Issues and Viewpoints</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Prince">Prince</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Amoako"> Amoako</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This article provides an overview of academic research on urban future planning, with a focus on sustainable cities. The goal of the article is to provide a global update on the issues and viewpoints that are now surrounding urban planning, sustainability, and development. Based on scholarly and scientific research, the review presents potential avenues of investigation and development for ensuring a sustainable urban future. Recent scholarly research in the context of sustainable cities has focused on the conceptualization and knowledge generation involved in building sustainable cities. The goal of the study is to describe the present state of research on concepts and terminologies related to sustainable cities, planning, and techniques for developing and evaluating urban sustainability, even though its breadth may not be all-inclusive. The objective is to offer local governments, urban and development practitioners and other stakeholders some perspective and guidance in striving towards urban sustainability in the future. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=urban%20sustainability" title="urban sustainability">urban sustainability</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sustainable%20urban%20development" title=" sustainable urban development"> sustainable urban development</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sustainability%20assessment" title=" sustainability assessment"> sustainability assessment</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sustainable%20development" title=" sustainable development"> sustainable development</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sustainable%20cities" title=" sustainable cities"> sustainable cities</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/186364/urban-planning-and-sustainable-cities-issues-and-viewpoints" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/186364.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">42</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1841</span> Borrowing Performance: A Network Connectivity Analysis of Second-Tier Cities in Turkey</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=E%C4%9Fin%C3%A7%20Simay%20Ert%C3%BCrk">Eğinç Simay Ertürk</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ferhan%20Gezi%CC%87ci%CC%87"> Ferhan Gezi̇ci̇</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The decline of large cities and the rise of second-tier cities have been observed as a global trend with significant implications for economic development and urban planning. In this context, the concepts of agglomeration shadow and borrowed size have gained importance as network externalities that affect the growth and development of surrounding areas. Istanbul, Izmir, and Ankara are Turkey's most significant metropolitan cities and play a significant role in the country's economy. The surrounding cities rely on these metropolitan cities for economic growth and development. However, the concentration of resources and investment in a single location can lead to agglomeration shadows in the surrounding areas. On the other hand, network connectivity between metropolitan and second-tier cities can result in borrowed function and performance, enabling smaller cities to access resources, investment, and knowledge they would not otherwise have access. The study hypothesizes that the network connectivity between second-tier and metropolitan cities in Turkey enables second-tier cities to increase their urban performance by borrowing size through these networks. Regression analysis will be used to identify specific network connectivity parameters most strongly associated with urban performance. Network connectivity will be measured with parameters such as transportation nodes and telecommunications infrastructure, and urban performance will be measured with an index, including parameters such as employment, education, and industry entrepreneurship, with data at the province levels. The contribution of the study lies in its research on how networking can benefit second-tier cities in Turkey. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=network%20connectivity" title="network connectivity">network connectivity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=borrowed%20size" title=" borrowed size"> borrowed size</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=agglomeration%20shadow" title=" agglomeration shadow"> agglomeration shadow</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=secondary%20cities" title=" secondary cities"> secondary cities</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/174865/borrowing-performance-a-network-connectivity-analysis-of-second-tier-cities-in-turkey" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/174865.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">81</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1840</span> Studying the Function of Green Belt around the Metropolises</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Soroush%20Mokallaei">Soroush Mokallaei </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Since ancient times, urbanization engineers have always thought of creating green spaces along with urbanization. Athens and Rome have attempted to construct public gardens around streets and palaces. Since then developing green space has become a part of urban civilization. In medieval ages, all Western cities had palaces and houses with internal gardens. In different sources green belt is defined as a green band of trees and bushes around the cities which has multiple functions. It is said that green belts are not only around the mountains, cities, and rivers but also around houses, subways, and highways. Constructing green belt around cities has different advantages such as: protecting cities against pollution, purifying air, screening dust, being a place for recreation, buffer zone of city internal lands, confronting the phenomenon of heat island, increasing agricultural products, helping to prevent illegal city development, confronting deforestation, preventing flood and increasing subterranean water resources. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=environment" title="environment">environment</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=garden%20cities" title=" garden cities"> garden cities</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=green%20belt" title=" green belt"> green belt</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=metropolises" title=" metropolises"> metropolises</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/1697/studying-the-function-of-green-belt-around-the-metropolises" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/1697.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">328</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1839</span> Process of Revitalization of the City Centres in Poland: The Problem of Cooperation between Sectors</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ewa%20M.%20Boryczka">Ewa M. Boryczka</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Contemporary city is a subject to rapid economic and social changes. Therefore it requires an active policy designed to meet the diverse needs of their residents, build competitive position and capacity to compete with other cities. Competitiveness of cities depends largely on their resources, but also to a large extent, on the policies and performance of local authorities. Cooperation with private and social sectors also plays an important role, as it affects the use of resources and builds an advantage over other cities. The subject of this article is city's contemporary problems of development with particular emphasis on central areas. This issue is a starting point for reflection on the process of urban regeneration in medium size cities in Poland, as well as cooperation between various actors and their roles in the revitalization processes of Polish cities' centres. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=city" title="city">city</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cooperation%20between%20sectors" title=" cooperation between sectors"> cooperation between sectors</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=crisis%20of%20city%20centres" title=" crisis of city centres"> crisis of city centres</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=revitalization" title=" revitalization"> revitalization</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/17501/process-of-revitalization-of-the-city-centres-in-poland-the-problem-of-cooperation-between-sectors" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/17501.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">447</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1838</span> Examining Institutional and Structural Racism to Address Persistent Racial Inequities in US Cities</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zoe%20Polk">Zoe Polk</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In cities across the US, race continues to predict an individual’s likelihood to be employed, to receive a quality education, to live in a safe neighborhood, to life expectancy to contacts with the criminal justice system. Deep and pervasive disparities exist despite laws enacted at the federal, state and local level to eliminate discrimination. This paper examines the strengths of the U.S. civil rights movement in making discrimination a moral issue. Following the passage of the 1964 Civil Rights Act, cities throughout the US adopted laws that mirror the language, theories of practice and enforcement of the law. This paper argues that while those laws were relevant to the way discrimination was conducted in that time, they are limited in their ability to help cities address discrimination today. This paper reviews health indicators This paper concludes that in order for cities to create environments where race no longer predicts one’s success, cities must conduct institutional and structural racism audits. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=racism" title="racism">racism</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=racial%20equity" title=" racial equity"> racial equity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=constitutional%20law" title=" constitutional law"> constitutional law</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=social%20justice" title=" social justice"> social justice</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/71063/examining-institutional-and-structural-racism-to-address-persistent-racial-inequities-in-us-cities" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/71063.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">368</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1837</span> An Evaluation of Existing Models to Smart Cities Development Around the World</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Aqsa%20Mehmood">Aqsa Mehmood</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Muhammad%20Ali%20Tahir"> Muhammad Ali Tahir</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hafiz%20Syed%20Hamid%20Arshad"> Hafiz Syed Hamid Arshad</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Salman%20Atif"> Salman Atif</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ejaz%20Hussain"> Ejaz Hussain</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Gavin%20McArdle"> Gavin McArdle</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Michela%20Bertolotto"> Michela Bertolotto</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The evolution of smart cities in recent years has been developing dramatically. As urbanization increases, the demand for big data analytics and digital technology-based solutions for cities has also increased. Many cities around the world have now planned to focus on smart cities. To obtain a systematic overview of smart city models, we carried out a bibliometric analysis in the context of seven regions of the world to understand the main dimensions that characterize smart cities. This paper analyses articles published between 2017 and 2021 that were captured from Web of Science and Scopus. Specifically, we investigated publication trends to highlight the research gaps and current developments in smart cities research. Our survey provides helpful insights into the geographical distribution of smart city publications with respect to regions of the world and explores the current key topics relevant to smart cities and the co-occurrences of keywords used in these publications. A systematic literature review and keyword analysis were performed. The results have focused on identifying future directions in smart city development, including smart citizens, ISO standards, Open Geospatial Consortium and the sustainability factor of smart cities. This article will assist researchers and urban planners in understanding the latest trends in research and highlight the aspects which need further attention. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=smart%20cities" title="smart cities">smart cities</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sustainability" title=" sustainability"> sustainability</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=regions" title=" regions"> regions</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=urban%20development" title=" urban development"> urban development</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=VOS%20viewer" title=" VOS viewer"> VOS viewer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=research%20trends" title=" research trends"> research trends</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/168563/an-evaluation-of-existing-models-to-smart-cities-development-around-the-world" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/168563.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">117</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1836</span> Drivers, Patterns and Economic Consequences of Cities’ Globalization </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Denis%20Ushakov">Denis Ushakov</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Cities are the main actors of global production and trade, and dominant share of international business activity is now concentrating within a frame of global urban net. This trend transforms mechanisms and patterns of market economy institutes’ (such as competition, division of labor, international movement of capital and labor force) functioning; stimulates an appearance of new economical (development of rural areas), social (urbanization) and political (political and economical unity of the big countries) problems. All these reasons identified relevance and importance of purpose of this study – to consider a modern role of cities’ business systems in the global economy, to identify sources for global urban competitive advantages, to clear inter-cities economic relationships and patterns of cities’ positioning within a frame of global net. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=globalization" title="globalization">globalization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=urban%20business%20system" title=" urban business system"> urban business system</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=global%20city" title=" global city"> global city</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=transnationalization" title=" transnationalization"> transnationalization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=networking" title=" networking"> networking</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/9142/drivers-patterns-and-economic-consequences-of-cities-globalization" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/9142.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">301</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1835</span> Analysis of the Factors Affecting the Public Bicycle Projects in Chinese Cities</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Xiujuan%20Wang">Xiujuan Wang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Weiguo%20Wang"> Weiguo Wang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Lei%20Yu"> Lei Yu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Xue%20Liu"> Xue Liu</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> There are many purported benefits of public bike systems, therefore, it has seen a sharp increase since 2008 in Hangzhou, China. However, there are few studies on the public bicycle system in Chinese cities. In order to make recommendations for the development of public bicycle systems, this paper analyzes the influencing factors by using the system dynamics method according to the main characteristics of Chinese cities. The main characteristics of Chinese cities lie in the city size and process of urbanization, traffic mode division, demographic characteristics, bicycle infrastructure and right of way, regime structure. Finally, under the context of Chinese bike sharing systems, these analyses results can help to design some feasible strategies for the planner to the development of the public bicycles. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=engineering%20of%20communication%20and%20transportation%20system" title="engineering of communication and transportation system">engineering of communication and transportation system</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bicycle" title=" bicycle"> bicycle</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=public%20bike" title=" public bike"> public bike</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=characteristics%20of%20Chinese%20cities" title=" characteristics of Chinese cities"> characteristics of Chinese cities</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=system%20dynamics" title=" system dynamics"> system dynamics</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/107874/analysis-of-the-factors-affecting-the-public-bicycle-projects-in-chinese-cities" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/107874.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">239</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1834</span> Cities Simulation and Representation in Locative Games from the Perspective of Cultural Studies</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=B.%20A.%20A.%20Paix%C3%A3o">B. A. A. Paixão</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=J.%20V.%20B.%20Gomide"> J. V. B. Gomide</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This work aims to analyze the locative structure used by the locative games of the company Niantic. To fulfill this objective, a literature review on the representation and simulation of cities was developed; interviews with Ingress players and playing Ingress. Relating these data, it was possible to deepen the relationship between the virtual and the real to create the simulation of cities and their cultural objects in locative games. Cities representation associates geo-location provided by the Global Positioning System (GPS), with augmented reality and digital image, and provides a new paradigm in the city interaction with its parts and real and virtual world elements, homeomorphic to real world. Bibliographic review of papers related to the representation and simulation study and their application in locative games was carried out and is presented in the present paper. The cities representation and simulation concepts in locative games, and how this setting enables the flow and immersion in urban space, are analyzed. Some examples of games are discussed for this new setting development, which is a mix of real and virtual world. Finally, it was proposed a Locative Structure for electronic games using the concepts of heterotrophic representations and isotropic representations conjoined with immediacy and hypermediacy. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cities%20representation" title="cities representation">cities representation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cities%20simulation" title=" cities simulation"> cities simulation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=games%20simulation" title=" games simulation"> games simulation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=immersion" title=" immersion"> immersion</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=locative%20games" title=" locative games"> locative games</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/96240/cities-simulation-and-representation-in-locative-games-from-the-perspective-of-cultural-studies" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/96240.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">210</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1833</span> Key Factors for a Smart City</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Marta%20Christina%20Suciu">Marta Christina Suciu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Cristina%20Andreea%20Florea"> Cristina Andreea Florea</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The purpose of this paper is to highlight the relevance of building smart cities in the context of regional development and to analyze the important factors that make a city smart. These cities could be analyzed through the perspective of environment quality, the socio-cultural condition, technological applications and innovations, the vitality of the economic environment and public policies. Starting with these five sustainability domains, we will demonstrate the hypothesis that smart cities are the engine of the regional development. The aim of this paper is to assess the implications of smart cities, in the context of sustainable development, analyzing the benefits of developing creative and innovative cities. Regarding the methodology, it is used the systemic, logical and comparative analysis of important literature and data, also descriptive statistics and correlation analysis. In conclusion, we will define a direction on the regional development and competitiveness increasing. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=creativity" title="creativity">creativity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=innovation" title=" innovation"> innovation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=regional%20development" title=" regional development"> regional development</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=smart%20city" title=" smart city"> smart city</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sustainability" title=" sustainability"> sustainability</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=triple%20helix" title=" triple helix "> triple helix </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/35665/key-factors-for-a-smart-city" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/35665.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">489</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1832</span> Evaluating India's Smart Cities against the Sustainable Development Goals</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Suneet%20Jagdev">Suneet Jagdev</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> 17 Sustainable Development Goals were adopted by the world leaders in September 2015 at the United Nations Sustainable Development Summit. These goals were adopted by UN member states to promote prosperity, health and human rights while protecting the planet. Around the same time, the Government of India launched the Smart City Initiative to speed up development of state of the art infrastructure and services in 100 cities with a focus on sustainable and inclusive development. These cities are meant to become role models for other cities in India and promote sustainable regional development. This paper examines goals set under the Smart City Initiative and evaluates them in terms of the Sustainable Development Goals, using case studies of selected Smart Cities in India. The study concludes that most Smart City projects at present actually consist of individual solutions to individual problems identified in a community rather than comprehensive models for complex issues in cities across India. Systematic, logical and comparative analysis of important literature and data has been done, collected from government sources, government papers, research papers by various experts on the topic, and results from some online surveys. Case studies have been used for a graphical analysis highlighting the issues of migration, ecology, economy and social equity in these Smart Cities. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=housing" title="housing">housing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=migration" title=" migration"> migration</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=smart%20cities" title=" smart cities"> smart cities</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sustainable%20development%20goals" title=" sustainable development goals"> sustainable development goals</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=urban%20infrastructure" title=" urban infrastructure"> urban infrastructure</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/50991/evaluating-indias-smart-cities-against-the-sustainable-development-goals" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/50991.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">410</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1831</span> Global City Typologies: 300 Cities and Over 100 Datasets</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Novak">M. Novak</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=E.%20Munoz"> E. Munoz</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Jana"> A. Jana</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Nelemans"> M. Nelemans</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Cities and local governments the world over are interested to employ circular strategies as a means to bring about food security, create employment and increase resilience. The selection and implementation of circular strategies is facilitated by modeling the effects of strategies locally and understanding the impacts such strategies have had in other (comparable) cities and how that would translate locally. Urban areas are heterogeneous because of their geographic, economic, social characteristics, governance, and culture. In order to better understand the effect of circular strategies on urban systems, we create a dataset for over 300 cities around the world designed to facilitate circular strategy scenario modeling. This new dataset integrates data from over 20 prominent global national and urban data sources, such as the Global Human Settlements layer and International Labour Organisation, as well as incorporating employment data from over 150 cities collected bottom up from local departments and data providers. The dataset is made to be reproducible. Various clustering techniques are explored in the paper. The result is sets of clusters of cities, which can be used for further research, analysis, and support comparative, regional, and national policy making on circular cities. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=data%20integration" title="data integration">data integration</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=urban%20innovation" title=" urban innovation"> urban innovation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cluster%20analysis" title=" cluster analysis"> cluster analysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=circular%20economy" title=" circular economy"> circular economy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=city%20profiles" title=" city profiles"> city profiles</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=scenario%20modelling" title=" scenario modelling"> scenario modelling</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/140968/global-city-typologies-300-cities-and-over-100-datasets" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/140968.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">180</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1830</span> Progress and Challenges of Smart Cities in India: An Exploratory Study</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sushil%20K.%20Sharma">Sushil K. Sharma</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jeff%20Zhang"> Jeff Zhang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Saeed%20Tabar"> Saeed Tabar</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Worldwide, several governments are utilizing the Internet of Things (IoT) and other information and communication technologies (ICTs) to create smart city infrastructures to improve both the quality of government services and citizen welfare. Over 700 cities from around the world have already started implementing their smart city projects. Smart City utilizes the network of connected things, or the Internet of Things (IoT), that interconnects devices and various components across city infrastructure, making them work together seamlessly to enhance the quality, performance, and interactivity of urban services, optimize resources, and reduce costs. Without developing smart cities, the accelerating growth of cities, and their disproportionate consumption of physical and social resources are unsustainable. In 2016, the Indian Government released a list of 100 cities with the intention of kick-starting the process of developing them into 'smart cities’ as part of the Smart Cities Mission. This study reports the progress and challenges of Smart City projects in India. The data were collected through the city/state government websites, media reports, and focus group discussions/interviews. The preliminary results indicate that smart city projects are not only behind in their implementation and scope but also lacks the sincerity for its implementation. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=smart%20city" title="smart city">smart city</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=smart%20government" title=" smart government"> smart government</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Internet%20of%20Things" title=" Internet of Things"> Internet of Things</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=digital%20government" title=" digital government"> digital government</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/119755/progress-and-challenges-of-smart-cities-in-india-an-exploratory-study" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/119755.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">182</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1829</span> Urban Agriculture for Sustainable Cities: Using Wastewater and Urban Wetlands as Resource</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hussnain%20Mukhtar">Hussnain Mukhtar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yu-Pin%20Lin"> Yu-Pin Lin</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper deals with the concept of ecologically engineered system for sustainable agriculture production with the view of sustainable cities development. Sustainable cities offer numerous eco-services to its inhabitants, and where, among other issues, wastewater nutrients can be considered to be a valuable resource to be used for a sustainable enhancement of urban agriculture in wetlands. Existing cities can be transferred from being only consumer of food and other agriculture product into important resource conserving and sustainable generators of these products. The review provides the food production capacity through introduction of wastewater into urban wetlands, potential for nutrient recovery and ecological engineering intervention to reduce the risk of food contamination by pathogens. Finally, we discuss the potential nutrients accumulating in our cities, as an important aspect of sustainable urban development. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ecological%20engineering" title="ecological engineering">ecological engineering</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nutrient%20recovery" title=" nutrient recovery"> nutrient recovery</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pathogens" title=" pathogens"> pathogens</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=urban%20agriculture" title=" urban agriculture"> urban agriculture</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=wetlands" title=" wetlands"> wetlands</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/78529/urban-agriculture-for-sustainable-cities-using-wastewater-and-urban-wetlands-as-resource" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/78529.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">257</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1828</span> Waste Management in Africa</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Peter%20Ekene%20Egwu">Peter Ekene Egwu</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Waste management is of critical importance in Africa for reasons related to public health, human dignity, climate resilience and environmental preservation. However, delivering waste management services requires adequate funding, which has generally been lacking in a context where the generation of waste is outpacing the development of waste management infrastructure in most cities. The sector represents a growing percentage of cities’ greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, and some of the African cities profiled in this study are now designing waste management strategies with emission reduction in mind. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=management%20waste%20material" title="management waste material">management waste material</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Africa" title=" Africa"> Africa</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=uses%20of%20new%20technology%20to%20manage%20waste" title=" uses of new technology to manage waste"> uses of new technology to manage waste</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=waste%20management" title=" waste management"> waste management</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/184334/waste-management-in-africa" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/184334.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">76</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1827</span> Applications Using Geographic Information System for Planning and Development of Energy Efficient and Sustainable Living for Smart-Cities</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Javed%20Mohammed">Javed Mohammed</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> As urbanization process has been and will be happening in an unprecedented scale worldwide, strong requirements from academic research and practical fields for smart management and intelligent planning of cities are pressing to handle increasing demands of infrastructure and potential risks of inhabitants agglomeration in disaster management. Geo-spatial data and Geographic Information System (GIS) are essential components for building smart cities in a basic way that maps the physical world into virtual environment as a referencing framework. On higher level, GIS has been becoming very important in smart cities on different sectors. In the digital city era, digital maps and geospatial databases have long been integrated in workflows in land management, urban planning and transportation in government. People have anticipated GIS to be more powerful not only as an archival and data management tool but also as spatial models for supporting decision-making in intelligent cities. The purpose of this project is to offer observations and analysis based on a detailed discussion of Geographic Information Systems( GIS) driven Framework towards the development of Smart and Sustainable Cities through high penetration of Renewable Energy Technologies. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=digital%20maps" title="digital maps">digital maps</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=geo-spatial" title=" geo-spatial"> geo-spatial</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=geographic%20information%20system" title=" geographic information system"> geographic information system</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=smart%20cities" title=" smart cities"> smart cities</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=renewable%20energy" title=" renewable energy"> renewable energy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=urban%20planning" title=" urban planning"> urban planning</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/22765/applications-using-geographic-information-system-for-planning-and-development-of-energy-efficient-and-sustainable-living-for-smart-cities" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/22765.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">526</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1826</span> A Survey on Intelligent Connected-Vehicle Applications Based on Intercommunication Techniques in Smart Cities</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=B.%20Karabuluter">B. Karabuluter</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=O.%20Karaduman"> O. Karaduman</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Connected-Vehicles consists of intelligent vehicles, each of which can communicate with each other. Smart Cities are the most prominent application area of intelligent vehicles that can communicate with each other. The most important goal that is desired to be realized in Smart Cities planned for facilitating people's lives is to make transportation more comfortable and safe with intelligent/autonomous/driverless vehicles communicating with each other. In order to ensure these, the city must have communication infrastructure in the first place, and the vehicles must have the features to communicate with this infrastructure and with each other. In this context, intelligent transport studies to solve all transportation and traffic problems in classical cities continue to increase rapidly. In this study, current connected-vehicle applications developed for smart cities are considered in terms of communication techniques, vehicular networking, IoT, urban transportation implementations, intelligent traffic management, road safety, self driving. Taxonomies and assessments performed in the work show the trend of studies in inter-vehicle communication systems in smart cities and they are contributing to by ensuring that the requirements in this area are revealed. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=smart%20city" title="smart city">smart city</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=connected%20vehicles" title=" connected vehicles"> connected vehicles</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=infrastructures" title=" infrastructures"> infrastructures</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=VANET" title=" VANET"> VANET</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=wireless%20communication" title=" wireless communication"> wireless communication</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=intelligent%20traffic%20management" title=" intelligent traffic management"> intelligent traffic management</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/83231/a-survey-on-intelligent-connected-vehicle-applications-based-on-intercommunication-techniques-in-smart-cities" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/83231.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">526</span> </span> </div> </div> <ul class="pagination"> <li class="page-item disabled"><span class="page-link">&lsaquo;</span></li> <li class="page-item active"><span class="page-link">1</span></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cities%20wideness&page=2">2</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cities%20wideness&page=3">3</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" 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