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searchaux" style="display:none">Turkmen diaspora living mostly in the north-west of Afghanistan</div> <div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Ethnic group</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><caption class="infobox-title fn org">Turkmens of Afghanistan</caption><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above nickname" style="font-size:115%; font-weight:normal;"><div lang="Turkmen"><span style="font-size:85%;">اۇوغان تۆرکمنلری</span></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:US_Army_ethnolinguistic_map_of_Afghanistan_--_circa_2001-09.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/US_Army_ethnolinguistic_map_of_Afghanistan_--_circa_2001-09.jpg/220px-US_Army_ethnolinguistic_map_of_Afghanistan_--_circa_2001-09.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="201" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/US_Army_ethnolinguistic_map_of_Afghanistan_--_circa_2001-09.jpg/330px-US_Army_ethnolinguistic_map_of_Afghanistan_--_circa_2001-09.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/US_Army_ethnolinguistic_map_of_Afghanistan_--_circa_2001-09.jpg/440px-US_Army_ethnolinguistic_map_of_Afghanistan_--_circa_2001-09.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2319" data-file-height="2123" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#b0c4de; color:inherit;">Total population</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data">1 million</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#b0c4de; color:inherit;">Regions with significant populations</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><a href="/wiki/Afghan_Turkestan" title="Afghan Turkestan">Afghan Turkestan</a><br /><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><div class="hlist"><ul><li>(<a href="/wiki/Badghis_Province" title="Badghis Province">Badgis</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Balkh_Province" title="Balkh Province">Balkh</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Faryab_Province" title="Faryab Province">Faryab</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Herat_Province" title="Herat Province">Herat</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Jowzjan_Province" title="Jowzjan Province">Jowzjan</a>)</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#b0c4de; color:inherit;">Languages</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"><a href="/wiki/Turkmen_language" title="Turkmen language">Turkmen</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Dari" title="Dari">Dari</a> </div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#b0c4de; color:inherit;">Religion</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data">Predominantly: <a href="/wiki/Sunni_Islam" title="Sunni Islam">Sunni Islam</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Afghan Turkmens</b> or <b>Turkmens of Afghanistan</b> (<a href="/wiki/Persian_language" title="Persian language">Persian</a>: <span lang="fa" dir="rtl">ترکمن‌های افغانستان</span>; <a href="/wiki/Turkmen_language" title="Turkmen language">Turkmen</a>: <span lang="tk">اۇوغان تۆرکمنلری Owgan türkmenleri</span>, <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="tk-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Turkmen" title="Help:IPA/Turkmen">[oʊˈɢɑn<span class="wrap"> </span>tʏɾkmønˈløɾʏ]</a></span>) are <a href="/wiki/Turkmen_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Turkmen people">Turkmen people</a> who live in the north-west of <a href="/wiki/Afghanistan" title="Afghanistan">Afghanistan</a> along the border with <a href="/wiki/Uzbekistan" title="Uzbekistan">Uzbekistan</a> and <a href="/wiki/Turkmenistan" title="Turkmenistan">Turkmenistan</a>, surrounded by a larger group of Afghan <a href="/wiki/Uzbeks" title="Uzbeks">Uzbeks</a>. The number of Turkmens in Afghanistan is estimated at 1 million people or roughly 2-3% of the <a href="/wiki/Population_of_Afghanistan" class="mw-redirect" title="Population of Afghanistan">population of Afghanistan</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Afghan_Turkmens&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Turkmens were one of the divided peoples in <a href="/wiki/Central_Asia" title="Central Asia">Central Asia</a> nearing the end of the 19th century as a result of <a href="/wiki/British_Empire" title="British Empire">British</a>, <a href="/wiki/Qajar_Iran" title="Qajar Iran">Iranian</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Emirate_of_Afghanistan" title="Emirate of Afghanistan">Afghan</a> counteraction, as well as the halt of the <a href="/wiki/Russian_conquest_of_Central_Asia" title="Russian conquest of Central Asia">Russian expansion</a> into <a href="/wiki/Turkistan" class="mw-redirect" title="Turkistan">Turkistan</a> and <a href="/wiki/Transoxiana" title="Transoxiana">Transoxiana</a>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (October 2021)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>The original Turkmen groups arrived from the east of the <a href="/wiki/Caspian_Sea" title="Caspian Sea">Caspian Sea</a> into northwestern Afghanistan at various periods, particularly after the end of the 19th century when the <a href="/wiki/Russians" title="Russians">Russians</a> moved into their territory. They established settlements from <a href="/wiki/Balkh_Province" title="Balkh Province">Balkh Province</a> to <a href="/wiki/Herat_Province" title="Herat Province">Herat Province</a>, where they are now concentrated; smaller groups settled in <a href="/wiki/Kunduz_Province" title="Kunduz Province">Kunduz Province</a>. Others came in considerable numbers as a result of the failure of the <a href="/wiki/Basmachi_movement" title="Basmachi movement">Basmachi revolts</a> against the <a href="/wiki/Bolsheviks" title="Bolsheviks">Bolsheviks</a> in the 1920s.<sup id="cite_ref-lcweb2.loc.gov_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-lcweb2.loc.gov-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Though the majority of Turkmens are recent immigrants who crossed the Soviet border in the years between 1915 and 1940, the chronicles of the 18th and even 17th centuries show that large groups of Turkmens were already present in Afghan Turkestan.<sup id="cite_ref-viking_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-viking-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Turkmen_tribes" title="Turkmen tribes">Turkmen tribes</a>, of which there are twelve major groups in Afghanistan, base their structure on genealogies traced through the male line. Consequently, senior male members of the family wield considerable authority. The following major <a href="/wiki/Turkmen_tribes" title="Turkmen tribes">Turkmen tribes</a> live in Afghanistan: <a href="/wiki/Ersari" title="Ersari">Ersari</a>, <a href="/wiki/Teke_(Turkmen_tribe)" class="mw-redirect" title="Teke (Turkmen tribe)">Teke</a>, Alili, <a href="/wiki/Saryk" title="Saryk">Saryks</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Salur_(tribe)" title="Salur (tribe)">Salyrs</a>. More than half of the Afghan Turkmens are descendants of the refugees who escaped <a href="/wiki/Soviet_collectivization" class="mw-redirect" title="Soviet collectivization">collectivization</a> in <a href="/wiki/Soviet_Turkmenistan" class="mw-redirect" title="Soviet Turkmenistan">Soviet Turkmenistan</a> in the 1920s.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (October 2021)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Culture">Culture</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Afghan_Turkmens&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Culture"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Child%27s_tunic,_Yomud_Turkmen_people,_Northern_Afghanistan_,_early_to_mid_20th_century,_wool,_cotton,_metal,_cowrie_shells,_glass_beads_-_Textile_Museum_of_Canada_-_DSC00915.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Child%27s_tunic%2C_Yomud_Turkmen_people%2C_Northern_Afghanistan_%2C_early_to_mid_20th_century%2C_wool%2C_cotton%2C_metal%2C_cowrie_shells%2C_glass_beads_-_Textile_Museum_of_Canada_-_DSC00915.JPG/200px-thumbnail.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="267" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Child%27s_tunic%2C_Yomud_Turkmen_people%2C_Northern_Afghanistan_%2C_early_to_mid_20th_century%2C_wool%2C_cotton%2C_metal%2C_cowrie_shells%2C_glass_beads_-_Textile_Museum_of_Canada_-_DSC00915.JPG/300px-thumbnail.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Child%27s_tunic%2C_Yomud_Turkmen_people%2C_Northern_Afghanistan_%2C_early_to_mid_20th_century%2C_wool%2C_cotton%2C_metal%2C_cowrie_shells%2C_glass_beads_-_Textile_Museum_of_Canada_-_DSC00915.JPG/400px-thumbnail.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3627" data-file-height="4839" /></a><figcaption>Turkmen child's tunic, Northern Afghanistan, early to mid 20th century</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Occupation">Occupation</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Afghan_Turkmens&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Occupation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Formerly a <a href="/wiki/Nomadism" class="mw-redirect" title="Nomadism">nomadic</a> and fierce warriors feared for their lightning raids on caravans, Turkmens in Afghanistan today are farmer-herdsmen and important contributors to the economy. They introduced <a href="/wiki/Karakul_sheep" title="Karakul sheep">karakul sheep</a> to Afghanistan and are also renowned <a href="/wiki/Turkmen_rug" title="Turkmen rug">makers of carpets</a>, which, with karakul pelts, are major <a href="/wiki/Hard_currency" title="Hard currency">hard currency</a> export commodities. <a href="/wiki/Turkmen_jewelry" title="Turkmen jewelry">Turkmen jewelry</a> is also highly prized.<sup id="cite_ref-lcweb2.loc.gov_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-lcweb2.loc.gov-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Mostly, Afghan Turkmens are economically well established in the country largely due to significant importance to the Afghan economy of the carpets.<sup id="cite_ref-viking_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-viking-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Language">Language</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Afghan_Turkmens&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Language"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Turkmen_language" title="Turkmen language">Turkmen language</a></div> <p>Afghan Turkmens mostly speak the <a href="/wiki/Ersari" title="Ersari">Ersari</a> dialect of the <a href="/wiki/Turkmen_language" title="Turkmen language">Turkmen language</a>, which itself is a <a href="/wiki/Turkic_languages" title="Turkic languages">Turkic language</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Oghuz_languages" title="Oghuz languages">Oghuz group</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It has an estimated five million native speakers in Turkmenistan, and a further 719,000 speakers in Northeastern <a href="/wiki/Iran" title="Iran">Iran</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Turkmen language is closely related to <a href="/wiki/Azerbaijani_language" title="Azerbaijani language">Azerbaijani</a> and <a href="/wiki/Turkish_language" title="Turkish language">Turkish</a> languages, sharing common linguistic features and enjoying a high degree of mutual intelligibility with each of these languages.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Religion">Religion</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Afghan_Turkmens&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Religion"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Turkmens of <a href="/wiki/Afghanistan" title="Afghanistan">Afghanistan</a> just as their kin in <a href="/wiki/Turkmenistan" title="Turkmenistan">Turkmenistan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Uzbekistan" title="Uzbekistan">Uzbekistan</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Iran" title="Iran">Iran</a> are predominantly <a href="/wiki/Sunni" class="mw-redirect" title="Sunni">Sunni</a> <a href="/wiki/Muslim" class="mw-redirect" title="Muslim">Muslims</a>. </p><p>Turkmens adopted <a href="/wiki/Islam" title="Islam">Islam</a> between the 12th and 14th centuries. <a href="/wiki/Sufism" title="Sufism">Sufi orders</a> like the <a href="/wiki/Ahmad_Yasawi" title="Ahmad Yasawi">Yasawiya</a> and <a href="/wiki/Kubrawiya" title="Kubrawiya">Kubrawiya</a> greatly contributed to the conversion of the Turkmens to Islam.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The great majority of <a href="/wiki/Turkmen_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Turkmen people">Turkmens</a> readily identify themselves as <a href="/wiki/Muslims" title="Muslims">Muslims</a> and acknowledge <a href="/wiki/Islam" title="Islam">Islam</a> as an integral part of their cultural heritage.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notable_people">Notable people</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Afghan_Turkmens&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Notable people"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Eypio" title="Eypio">Eypio</a>- Afghan-born Turkish rapper, songwriter and musician.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Noor_Mohammad_Qarqin" title="Noor Mohammad Qarqin">Noor Mohammad Qarqin</a>, Afghan politician</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Afghan_Turkmens&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ethnic_groups_in_Afghanistan" title="Ethnic groups in Afghanistan">Ethnic groups in Afghanistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkic_people_in_Afghanistan" title="Turkic people in Afghanistan">Turkic people in Afghanistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkoman_horse" title="Turkoman horse">Turkoman horse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iranian_Turkmens" title="Iranian Turkmens">Iranian Turkmens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkoman_(ethnonym)" title="Turkoman (ethnonym)">Turkoman (ethnonym)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oghuz_Turks" title="Oghuz Turks">Oghuz Turks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Afghan_Turkestan" title="Afghan Turkestan">Afghan Turkestan</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Afghan_Turkmens&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Ethnic Groups. Library of Congress Country Studies. 1997. Retrieved 2010-10-08</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldatlas.com/articles/ethnic-groups-of-afghanistan.html">"Ethnic groups of Afghanistan"</a>. <i>World Atlas</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=World+Atlas&rft.atitle=Ethnic+groups+of+Afghanistan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.worldatlas.com%2Farticles%2Fethnic-groups-of-afghanistan.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAfghan+Turkmens" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-lcweb2.loc.gov-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-lcweb2.loc.gov_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-lcweb2.loc.gov_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://lcweb2.loc.gov/cgi-bin/query/r?frd/cstdy:@field(DOCID+af0041)">"US Library of Congress Country Studies-Afghanistan: Turkmen"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=US+Library+of+Congress+Country+Studies-Afghanistan%3A+Turkmen&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Flcweb2.loc.gov%2Fcgi-bin%2Fquery%2Fr%3Ffrd%2Fcstdy%3A%40field%28DOCID%2Baf0041%29&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAfghan+Turkmens" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-viking-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-viking_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-viking_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation journal cs1">"Viking Fund Publications in Anthropology" (54). Wenner-Gren Foundation for Anthropological Research. 1976: <span class="nowrap">12–</span>14.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Viking+Fund+Publications+in+Anthropology&rft.issue=54&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E12-%3C%2Fspan%3E14&rft.date=1976&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAfghan+Turkmens" class="Z3988"></span> <span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_journal" title="Template:Cite journal">cite journal</a>}}</code>: </span><span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment">Cite journal requires <code class="cs1-code">|journal=</code> (<a href="/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#missing_periodical" title="Help:CS1 errors">help</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://celcar.indiana.edu/materials/language-portal/turkmen/index.html">"Who are the Turkmen and where do they live?"</a>. <i>Center for Languages of the Central Asia Region, Indiana University</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Center+for+Languages+of+the+Central+Asia+Region%2C+Indiana+University&rft.atitle=Who+are+the+Turkmen+and+where+do+they+live%3F&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcelcar.indiana.edu%2Fmaterials%2Flanguage-portal%2Fturkmen%2Findex.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAfghan+Turkmens" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ethnologue.com/country/IR/status">"Iran"</a>. <i>Ethnologue</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Ethnologue&rft.atitle=Iran&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ethnologue.com%2Fcountry%2FIR%2Fstatus&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAfghan+Turkmens" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=vn-xZ3O1G-cC&pg=PA71"><i>Aspects of Altaic Civilization III: Proceedings of the Thirtieth Meeting of the Permanent International Altaistic Conference, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana, June 19-25, 1987</i></a>. Psychology Press. 1996-12-13. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780700703807" title="Special:BookSources/9780700703807"><bdi>9780700703807</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Aspects+of+Altaic+Civilization+III%3A+Proceedings+of+the+Thirtieth+Meeting+of+the+Permanent+International+Altaistic+Conference%2C+Indiana+University%2C+Bloomington%2C+Indiana%2C+June+19-25%2C+1987&rft.pub=Psychology+Press&rft.date=1996-12-13&rft.isbn=9780700703807&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dvn-xZ3O1G-cC%26pg%3DPA71&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAfghan+Turkmens" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"Language Materials Project: Turkish". UCLA International Institute, Center for World Languages. February 2007</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBennigsenWimbush1986" class="citation book cs1">Bennigsen, Alexandre; Wimbush, S. Enders (1986). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=nO0NAQAAMAAJ"><i>Muslims of the Soviet Empire: A Guide</i></a>. Indiana University Press. pp. <span class="nowrap">100–</span>101. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-253-33958-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-253-33958-4"><bdi>978-0-253-33958-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Muslims+of+the+Soviet+Empire%3A+A+Guide&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E100-%3C%2Fspan%3E101&rft.pub=Indiana+University+Press&rft.date=1986&rft.isbn=978-0-253-33958-4&rft.aulast=Bennigsen&rft.aufirst=Alexandre&rft.au=Wimbush%2C+S.+Enders&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DnO0NAQAAMAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAfghan+Turkmens" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isdp.eu/publication/religion-and-the-secular-state-in-turkmenistan/">"Religion and the Secular State in Turkmenistan - Silk Road Paper"</a>. <i>Institute for Security and Development Policy</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2021-04-05</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Institute+for+Security+and+Development+Policy&rft.atitle=Religion+and+the+Secular+State+in+Turkmenistan+-+Silk+Road+Paper&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fisdp.eu%2Fpublication%2Freligion-and-the-secular-state-in-turkmenistan%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAfghan+Turkmens" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output 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style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Ethnic_groups_in_Afghanistan" title="Ethnic groups in Afghanistan">Ethnic groups in Afghanistan</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Ethnic groups</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aimaq_people" title="Aimaq people">Aimaq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Afghan_Arabs" title="Afghan Arabs">Arabs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baloch_people" title="Baloch people">Baloch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brahui_people" title="Brahui people">Brahui</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dalak_people" title="Dalak people">Dalak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dom_people" title="Dom people">Dom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gurjar" title="Gurjar">Gurjars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peripatetic_groups_of_Afghanistan" title="Peripatetic groups of Afghanistan">Jat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kho_people" title="Kho people">Kho</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moghol_people" title="Moghol people">Moghol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nuristanis" title="Nuristanis">Nuristanis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pamiris" title="Pamiris">Pamiris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pashayi_people" title="Pashayi people">Pashayi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pashtuns" title="Pashtuns">Pashtuns</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Punjabis_in_Afghanistan" title="Punjabis in Afghanistan">Punjabis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tajiks" title="Tajiks">Tajiks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkic_people_in_Afghanistan" title="Turkic people in Afghanistan">Turkic</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hazaras" title="Hazaras">Hazaras</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kyrgyz_people" title="Kyrgyz people">Kyrgyz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qizilbash" title="Qizilbash">Qizilbash</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Turkmens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uzbeks" title="Uzbeks">Uzbeks</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wakhi_people" title="Wakhi people">Wakhi</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Foreign nationals</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Armenians_in_Afghanistan" title="Armenians in Afghanistan">Armenians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indians_in_Afghanistan" title="Indians in Afghanistan">Indians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pakistanis_in_Afghanistan" title="Pakistanis in Afghanistan">Pakistanis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russians_in_Afghanistan" title="Russians in Afghanistan">Russians</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_the_Taliban.svg/16px-Flag_of_the_Taliban.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="8" class="mw-file-element" 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