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Available in 13 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-13" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">13 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A5%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%87%D9%8A%D9%85_%D9%87%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%88" title="إبراهيم هنانو – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="إبراهيم هنانو" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ibrahim_Hananu" title="Ibrahim Hananu – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Ibrahim Hananu" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ibrahim_Hananu" title="Ibrahim Hananu – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Ibrahim Hananu" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ibrahim_Hananu" title="Ibrahim Hananu – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Ibrahim Hananu" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%87%DB%8C%D9%85_%D9%87%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%88" title="ابراهیم هنانو – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="ابراهیم هنانو" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ibrahim_Hananou" title="Ibrahim Hananou – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Ibrahim Hananou" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ibrahim_Hananu" title="Ibrahim Hananu – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Ibrahim Hananu" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ibrahim_Hananu" title="Ibrahim Hananu – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Ibrahim Hananu" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ibrahim_Hananu" title="Ibrahim Hananu – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Ibrahim Hananu" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%83,_%D0%98%D0%B1%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%85%D0%B8%D0%BC" title="Ханану, Ибрахим – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Ханану, Ибрахим" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A6%DB%8C%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%A7%DA%BE%DB%8C%D9%85_%DA%BE%DB%95%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%88%D9%88" title="ئیبراھیم ھەنانوو – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="ئیبراھیم ھەنانوو" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%B0brahim_Hananu" title="İbrahim Hananu – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="İbrahim Hananu" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a 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</div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Syrian politician (1869–1935)</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox biography vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size:125%;"><div class="fn">Ibrahim Hananu</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Hananu,_1932.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Hananu%2C_1932.jpg/220px-Hananu%2C_1932.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="295" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Hananu%2C_1932.jpg/330px-Hananu%2C_1932.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Hananu%2C_1932.jpg/440px-Hananu%2C_1932.jpg 2x" data-file-width="620" data-file-height="832" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">Portrait of Hananu, 1932</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data">1869<br /><div style="display:inline" class="birthplace"><a href="/wiki/Kafr_Takharim" title="Kafr Takharim">Kafr Takharim</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Syria" title="Ottoman Syria">Ottoman Syria</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Died</th><td class="infobox-data">November 21, 1935<span style="display:none">(1935-11-21)</span> (aged 65–66)<br /><div style="display:inline" class="deathplace"><a href="/wiki/Aleppo" title="Aleppo">Aleppo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Syria" title="Syria">Syria</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Nationality</th><td class="infobox-data category"><a href="/wiki/Syria" title="Syria">Syrian</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Known for</th><td class="infobox-data">Leader of the <a href="/wiki/Hananu_Revolt" title="Hananu Revolt">Hananu Revolt</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Ibrahim Hananu</b> (<a href="/wiki/Arabic_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Arabic language">Arabic</a>: <span lang="ar" dir="rtl">إبراهيم هنانو</span>, <small><a href="/wiki/Romanization_of_Arabic" title="Romanization of Arabic">romanized</a>: </small><span title="Arabic-language romanization"><i lang="ar-Latn">Ibrāhīm Hanānū</i></span>; 1869–1935) was a <a href="/wiki/Syrians" title="Syrians">Syrian</a> revolutionary and former <a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Empire" title="Ottoman Empire">Ottoman</a> municipal official who led a <a href="/wiki/Hananu_Revolt" title="Hananu Revolt">revolt</a> against the French colonial presence in northern <a href="/wiki/Syria" title="Syria">Syria</a> in the early 1920s. He was a member of a notable landholding family of <a href="/wiki/Kurds" title="Kurds">Kurdish</a><sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> origin<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> in northern Syria. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Early_life_and_education">Early life and education</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ibrahim_Hananu&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Early life and education"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Hananu was born to a wealthy <a href="/wiki/Kurds" title="Kurds">Kurdish</a> family in <a href="/wiki/Kafr_Takharim" title="Kafr Takharim">Kafr Takharim</a> and raised in <a href="/wiki/Aleppo" title="Aleppo">Aleppo</a>. There is dispute on his birth date: one source<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> mentions he was born in 1879, while another<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> mentions he was born in 1869. He studied at the Imperial High School in Aleppo, and continued his studies at the Ottoman Law Academy of the prestigious Mülkiye school in Istanbul. As a student, he joined the <a href="/wiki/Committee_of_Union_and_Progress" title="Committee of Union and Progress">Committee of Union and Progress</a>, the political organ that later took stage following the <a href="/wiki/Young_Turk_Revolution" title="Young Turk Revolution">Young Turk Revolution</a> of 1908.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Early_career_and_views">Early career and views</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ibrahim_Hananu&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Early career and views"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Upon graduation, Hananu briefly taught at the military academy. Later, he joined the bureaucracy of the <a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Empire" title="Ottoman Empire">Ottoman Empire</a>, only to retire and manage his estates. One Syrian source from the <a href="/wiki/United_Arab_Republic" title="United Arab Republic">United Arab Republic</a> era indicates that having embraced nationalism when the <a href="/wiki/Arab_Revolt" title="Arab Revolt">Arab Revolt</a> broke out in 1916, Hananu joined the Arab army of <a href="/wiki/Faisal_I" class="mw-redirect" title="Faisal I">Faisal I</a> and entered Aleppo with the Allies in 1918.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Supposedly, he also joined the secret nationalist society <a href="/wiki/Al-Fatat" title="Al-Fatat">al-Fatat</a>, though there is no corroborating evidence for this. Along with many of the prominent merchants in Aleppo, Hananu became associated with the League of National Defense and the Arab Club of Aleppo. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="The_Hananu_Revolt">The Hananu Revolt</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ibrahim_Hananu&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: The Hananu Revolt"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Hananu_Revolt" title="Hananu Revolt">Hananu Revolt</a></div> <p>Breaking out in the autumn of 1919 in the countryside surrounding Aleppo, when the French army had landed on the Syrian coast and was preparing to occupy all of Syria, Hananu launched his revolt, bringing <a href="/wiki/Aleppo" title="Aleppo">Aleppo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Idlib" title="Idlib">Idlib</a> and <a href="/wiki/Antakya" title="Antakya">Antakya</a> into a coordinated campaign against French forces. Hananu was responsible for the disarmament of many French troops, the destruction of railroads and telegraph lines, the sabotage of tanks, and the foiling of French attacks on Aleppo. On July 23, 1920, when the French army successfully attacked Aleppo, Hananu was forced to retreat back to his village of <a href="/wiki/Kafr_Takharim_Nahiyah" class="mw-redirect" title="Kafr Takharim Nahiyah">Kafr Takharim Nahiyah</a> and began to reorganize the revolt with <a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D8%AC%D9%8A%D8%A8_%D8%B9%D9%88%D9%8A%D8%AF" class="extiw" title="ar:نجيب عويد">Najeeb Oweid</a>. The rebels decided to form a <a href="/wiki/Civilian_government" class="mw-redirect" title="Civilian government">civilian government</a> based in <a href="/wiki/Armanaz_Nahiyah" class="mw-redirect" title="Armanaz Nahiyah">Armanaz</a>, and sent Hananu to Turkey as a representative of the new civilian government to request for aid in fighting against the French.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He received aid from the Turkish nationalist movement of <a href="/wiki/Mustafa_Kemal_Atat%C3%BCrk" title="Mustafa Kemal Atatürk">Mustafa Kemal Atatürk</a>, which was battling the French army of the <a href="/wiki/Levant" title="Levant">Levant</a> for control of <a href="/wiki/Cilicia" title="Cilicia">Cilicia</a> and southern <a href="/wiki/Anatolia" title="Anatolia">Anatolia</a>. With the withdrawal of Turkish military assistance following the signing of the <a href="/wiki/Franklin-Bouillon_Agreement" class="mw-redirect" title="Franklin-Bouillon Agreement">Franklin-Bouillon Agreement</a> in October 1921, Hananu and his men could no longer sustain a revolt, and their struggle collapsed. Despite the failure of the revolt, the organization of the northern areas of Syria with Turkish help has been interpreted as a prototype for self-government that Hananu and other Syrians built upon in later years.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Trial">Trial</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ibrahim_Hananu&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Trial"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1922 Ibrahim Hananu was arrested and presented to the French military criminal court on charges of criminal acts. The first sessions of the court was on 15 March 1922 . One of the best lawyers at that time, <a href="/wiki/Fathallah_Saqqal" title="Fathallah Saqqal">Fathallah Saqqal</a> defended Hananu, advocated for Hananu's innocence, and argued that Hananu was a political opponent not a criminal. </p><p>On 25 March 1922 the French Attorney General requested the execution of Hananu, and he said "if Hananu has seven heads I will cut them all", but the French judge ultimately released Hananu following an agreement between Hananu and the French government.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Later_years">Later years</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ibrahim_Hananu&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Later years"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Hananu was put under house arrest following the trial and his movements were monitored by the French intelligence. However, Hananu was released after the <a href="/wiki/Great_Syrian_Revolt" title="Great Syrian Revolt">Great Syrian Revolt</a> of 1925. Hananu went on to play an active role in the Syrian national movement. He was one of the founding fathers of the <a href="/wiki/National_Bloc_(Syria)" title="National Bloc (Syria)">National Bloc</a> which steered the course of the independence struggle in Syria until its achievement in 1946. He was a member of the National Bloc's permanent council and chief of its political bureau. In 1928, Hananu held office on the Constitutional Assembly that drafted the <a href="/wiki/Syrian_Constitution_of_1930" title="Syrian Constitution of 1930">first republican constitution for Syria</a>. In the 1930s, he affirmed his reputation as a hard-liner, refusing to negotiate with the French until they pledged complete unconditional independence for Syria.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Assassination_attempt">Assassination attempt</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ibrahim_Hananu&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Assassination attempt"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In September 1933, an individual named Nazi Al-Kousa shot Hananu in the legs in his village, <a href="/wiki/Kafr_Takharim_Nahiyah" class="mw-redirect" title="Kafr Takharim Nahiyah">Kafr Tkharem</a>. Regarded as an assassination attempt, the shooter was sentenced to 10 years in jail. The French commissioner later pardoned Nazi al-Kousa.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Death">Death</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ibrahim_Hananu&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Death"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Hananu died in 1935 in Aleppo. His death was attributed to tuberculosis. The three-day mourning period began the day after with newspapers and magazines being published in a black cover. He is considered to be one of the most celebrated individuals in the resistance against the <a href="/wiki/French_Mandate_of_Syria" class="mw-redirect" title="French Mandate of Syria">French Mandate</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-dryjan81_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-dryjan81-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ibrahim_Hananu&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 22em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Great_Syrian_Revolt" title="Great Syrian Revolt">Great Syrian Revolt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ayyash_Al-Haj" title="Ayyash Al-Haj">Ayyash Al-Haj</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fawzi_al-Qawuqji" title="Fawzi al-Qawuqji">Fawzi al-Qawuqji</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yusuf_al-%27Azma" class="mw-redirect" title="Yusuf al-'Azma">Yusuf al-'Azma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abd_al-Rahman_Shahbandar" title="Abd al-Rahman Shahbandar">Abd Al-Rahman Shahbandar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sultan_al-Atrash" title="Sultan al-Atrash">Sultan al-Atrash</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mandate_for_Syria_and_the_Lebanon" title="Mandate for Syria and the Lebanon">Mandate for Syria and the Lebanon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henri_Gouraud_(general)" class="mw-redirect" title="Henri Gouraud (general)">Henri Gouraud</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syria" title="Syria">Syria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adham_Khanjar" title="Adham Khanjar">Adham Khanjar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saleh_Al-Ali" class="mw-redirect" title="Saleh Al-Ali">Saleh Al-Ali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hasan_al-Kharrat" title="Hasan al-Kharrat">Hasan al-Kharrat</a></li></ul> </div> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:B10114201429.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Fawzi al-Qawuqji"><img alt="Fawzi al-Qawuqji" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/B10114201429.jpg/85px-B10114201429.jpg" decoding="async" width="85" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/B10114201429.jpg/127px-B10114201429.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/B10114201429.jpg/169px-B10114201429.jpg 2x" data-file-width="318" data-file-height="450" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Fawzi_al-Qawuqji" title="Fawzi al-Qawuqji">Fawzi al-Qawuqji</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Shahbandar11.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Abd Al-Rahman Shahbandar"><img alt="Abd Al-Rahman Shahbandar" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Shahbandar11.jpg/77px-Shahbandar11.jpg" decoding="async" width="77" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Shahbandar11.jpg/115px-Shahbandar11.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Shahbandar11.jpg/154px-Shahbandar11.jpg 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="934" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Abd_al-Rahman_Shahbandar" title="Abd al-Rahman Shahbandar">Abd Al-Rahman Shahbandar</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Ayash_Alhaj_1.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Ayyash Al-Haj"><img alt="Ayyash Al-Haj" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Ayash_Alhaj_1.jpg/96px-Ayash_Alhaj_1.jpg" decoding="async" width="96" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Ayash_Alhaj_1.jpg/145px-Ayash_Alhaj_1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Ayash_Alhaj_1.jpg/193px-Ayash_Alhaj_1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="10130" data-file-height="12600" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Ayyash_Al-Haj" title="Ayyash Al-Haj">Ayyash Al-Haj</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Sultan_Pasha_al-Atrash.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Sultan al-Atrash"><img alt="Sultan al-Atrash" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Sultan_Pasha_al-Atrash.jpg/82px-Sultan_Pasha_al-Atrash.jpg" decoding="async" width="82" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Sultan_Pasha_al-Atrash.jpg/123px-Sultan_Pasha_al-Atrash.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Sultan_Pasha_al-Atrash.jpg/164px-Sultan_Pasha_al-Atrash.jpg 2x" data-file-width="307" data-file-height="450" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Sultan_al-Atrash" title="Sultan al-Atrash">Sultan al-Atrash</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Saleh_al-Ali.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Saleh Al-Ali"><img alt="Saleh Al-Ali" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Saleh_al-Ali.jpg/115px-Saleh_al-Ali.jpg" decoding="async" width="115" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Saleh_al-Ali.jpg/172px-Saleh_al-Ali.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Saleh_al-Ali.jpg/230px-Saleh_al-Ali.jpg 2x" data-file-width="433" data-file-height="452" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Saleh_Al-Ali" class="mw-redirect" title="Saleh Al-Ali">Saleh Al-Ali</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Hasan_Kharrat_cropped_1925.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Hasan al-Kharrat"><img alt="Hasan al-Kharrat" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/Hasan_Kharrat_cropped_1925.jpg/102px-Hasan_Kharrat_cropped_1925.jpg" decoding="async" width="102" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/Hasan_Kharrat_cropped_1925.jpg/153px-Hasan_Kharrat_cropped_1925.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/Hasan_Kharrat_cropped_1925.jpg/205px-Hasan_Kharrat_cropped_1925.jpg 2x" data-file-width="341" data-file-height="400" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Hasan_al-Kharrat" title="Hasan al-Kharrat">Hasan al-Kharrat</a></div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ibrahim_Hananu&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 21em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Awad Halabi, <i>Liminal Loyalties: Ottomanism and Palestinian Responses to the Turkish War of Independence, 1919-22.</i> 2012, Journal of Palestine Studies. “...Ibrahim Hananu, a former Ottoman bureaucrat of Kurdish origin”</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFZisser2014" class="citation book cs1">Zisser, Eyal (2014-11-15). Bengio, Ofra (ed.). <i>Kurdish Awakening: Nation Building in a Fragmented Homeland</i>. University of Texas Press. p. 196. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-292-76301-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-292-76301-2"><bdi>978-0-292-76301-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Kurdish+Awakening%3A+Nation+Building+in+a+Fragmented+Homeland&rft.pages=196&rft.pub=University+of+Texas+Press&rft.date=2014-11-15&rft.isbn=978-0-292-76301-2&rft.aulast=Zisser&rft.aufirst=Eyal&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIbrahim+Hananu" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWatenpaugh2014" class="citation book cs1">Watenpaugh, Keith David (2014). <i>Being Modern in the Middle East: Revolution, Nationalism, Colonialism, and the Arab Middle Class</i>. New Jersey: Princeton University Press. p. 175. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-691-12169-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-691-12169-7"><bdi>978-0-691-12169-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Being+Modern+in+the+Middle+East%3A+Revolution%2C+Nationalism%2C+Colonialism%2C+and+the+Arab+Middle+Class&rft.place=New+Jersey&rft.pages=175&rft.pub=Princeton+University+Press&rft.date=2014&rft.isbn=978-0-691-12169-7&rft.aulast=Watenpaugh&rft.aufirst=Keith+David&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIbrahim+Hananu" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMoubayed2006" class="citation book cs1">Moubayed, Sami (2006). <i>Steel & Silk: Men and Women who Shaped Syria 1900–2000</i>. Cune Press. p. 376. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-885942-41-9" title="Special:BookSources/1-885942-41-9"><bdi>1-885942-41-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Steel+%26+Silk%3A+Men+and+Women+who+Shaped+Syria+1900%E2%80%932000&rft.pages=376&rft.pub=Cune+Press&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=1-885942-41-9&rft.aulast=Moubayed&rft.aufirst=Sami&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIbrahim+Hananu" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWatenpaugh2006" class="citation book cs1">Watenpaugh, Keith David (2006). <i>Being Modern in the Middle East</i>. Princeton and Oxford: Princeton University Press. pp. 174–184.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Being+Modern+in+the+Middle+East&rft.place=Princeton+and+Oxford&rft.pages=174-184&rft.pub=Princeton+University+Press&rft.date=2006&rft.aulast=Watenpaugh&rft.aufirst=Keith+David&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIbrahim+Hananu" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Adham al-Jundi, <i>Tarikh al-thawrat al-suriyya fi 'ahd al-intidab al-faransi</i>, Damascus, 1960.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_7-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_7-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKaddour2012" class="citation web cs1">Kaddour, Mohammad (1 April 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.discover-syria.com/news/13629#">"ابراهيم هنانو "Ibrahim Hananu"<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. <i>اكتشف سوريا "Discover Syria"</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 July</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=%D8%A7%D9%83%D8%AA%D8%B4%D9%81+%D8%B3%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A7+%22Discover+Syria%22&rft.atitle=%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%87%D9%8A%D9%85+%D9%87%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%88+%22Ibrahim+Hananu%22&rft.date=2012-04-01&rft.aulast=Kaddour&rft.aufirst=Mohammad&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.discover-syria.com%2Fnews%2F13629%23&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIbrahim+Hananu" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">James Gelvin, Divided Loyalties: Nationalism and Mass Politics in Syria at the Close of the Empire, University of California Press, Berkeley and Los Angeles, CA, 1998, pp. 133-134.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKanafani2008" class="citation web cs1">Kanafani, Adnan (20 August 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.esyria.sy/eidleb/index.php?p=stories&category=characters&filename=2008082000150427">"Ibrahim Hananu"</a>. <i>Idleb website</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 July</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Idleb+website&rft.atitle=Ibrahim+Hananu&rft.date=2008-08-20&rft.aulast=Kanafani&rft.aufirst=Adnan&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.esyria.sy%2Feidleb%2Findex.php%3Fp%3Dstories%26category%3Dcharacters%26filename%3D2008082000150427&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIbrahim+Hananu" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Philip Khoury, <i>Syria and the French Mandate</i>, Princeton University Press, Princeton, 1987.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-dryjan81-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-dryjan81_11-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDrysdale1981" class="citation journal cs1">Drysdale, Alasdair (January 1981). "The Syrian Political Elite, 1966-1976: A Spatial and Social Analysis". <i>Middle Eastern Studies</i>. <b>17</b> (1): 3–30. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1080%2F00263208108700455">10.1080/00263208108700455</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/4282814">4282814</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Middle+Eastern+Studies&rft.atitle=The+Syrian+Political+Elite%2C+1966-1976%3A+A+Spatial+and+Social+Analysis&rft.volume=17&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=3-30&rft.date=1981-01&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1080%2F00263208108700455&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F4282814%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.aulast=Drysdale&rft.aufirst=Alasdair&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIbrahim+Hananu" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl 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.navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="French_Mandate_of_Syria" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" 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talk:French Mandate of Syria"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:French_Mandate_of_Syria" title="Special:EditPage/Template:French Mandate of Syria"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="French_Mandate_of_Syria" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Mandate_for_Syria_and_the_Lebanon" title="Mandate for Syria and the Lebanon">French Mandate of Syria</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">States</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/State_of_Syria_(1925%E2%80%931930)" title="State of Syria (1925–1930)">State of Syria</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/State_of_Aleppo" title="State of Aleppo">State of Aleppo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_of_Damascus" title="State of Damascus">State of Damascus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Jazira_Province" title="Al-Jazira Province">Al-Jazira Province</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jabal_Druze_State" title="Jabal Druze State">Jabal Druze State</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alawite_State" title="Alawite State">Alawite State</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sanjak_of_Alexandretta" title="Sanjak of Alexandretta">Sanjak of Alexandretta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greater_Lebanon" title="Greater Lebanon">Greater Lebanon</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="4" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/French_Mandate_for_Syria_and_the_Lebanon" title="French Mandate for Syria and the Lebanon"><img alt="French Mandate for Syria and the Lebanon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/French_Mandate_for_Syria_and_the_Lebanon_map_en.svg/120px-French_Mandate_for_Syria_and_the_Lebanon_map_en.svg.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="99" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/French_Mandate_for_Syria_and_the_Lebanon_map_en.svg/180px-French_Mandate_for_Syria_and_the_Lebanon_map_en.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/French_Mandate_for_Syria_and_the_Lebanon_map_en.svg/240px-French_Mandate_for_Syria_and_the_Lebanon_map_en.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="922" data-file-height="762" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Conflicts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alawite_revolt_of_1919" title="Alawite revolt of 1919">1919 revolt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Franco-Syrian_War" title="Franco-Syrian War">Franco-Syrian War</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Maysalun" title="Battle of Maysalun">Battle of Maysalun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capture_of_Damascus_(1920)" title="Capture of Damascus (1920)">Capture of Damascus</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hananu_Revolt" title="Hananu Revolt">Hananu Revolt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Syrian_Revolt" title="Great Syrian Revolt">1925–1927 revolt</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Epic_of_Ain_Albu_Gomaa" title="Epic of Ain Albu Gomaa">Epic of Ain Albu Gomaa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capture_of_Salkhad" title="Capture of Salkhad">Capture of Salkhad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_al-Kafr" title="Battle of al-Kafr">Battle of al-Kafr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_al-Mazraa" title="Battle of al-Mazraa">Battle of al-Mazraa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_al-Musayfirah" title="Battle of al-Musayfirah">Battle of al-Musayfirah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1925_Hama_uprising" title="1925 Hama uprising">1925 Hama uprising</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1936_Syrian_general_strike" title="1936 Syrian general strike">1936 general strike</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syria%E2%80%93Lebanon_campaign" title="Syria–Lebanon campaign">Syria–Lebanon campaign</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Levant_Crisis" title="Levant Crisis">Levant Crisis</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Treaties</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sykes%E2%80%93Picot_Agreement" title="Sykes–Picot Agreement">Sykes–Picot Agreement</a> (1916)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paulet%E2%80%93Newcombe_Agreement" title="Paulet–Newcombe Agreement">Paulet–Newcombe Agreement</a> (1920)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Franco-Syrian_Treaty_of_Independence" title="Franco-Syrian Treaty of Independence">Franco-Syrian Treaty of Independence</a> (1936)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Syrian</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Yusuf_al-Azma" title="Yusuf al-Azma">Yusuf al-Azma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saleh_al-Ali" title="Saleh al-Ali">Saleh al-Ali</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Ibrahim Hananu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hashim_al-Atassi" title="Hashim al-Atassi">Hashim al-Atassi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mustafa_Bey_Barmada" title="Mustafa Bey Barmada">Mustafa Bey Barmada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shukri_al-Quwatli" title="Shukri al-Quwatli">Shukri al-Quwatli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khalid_al-Azm" title="Khalid al-Azm">Khalid al-Azm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mar%27i_Pasha_al-Mallah" title="Mar'i Pasha al-Mallah">Mar'i Pasha al-Mallah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jamil_Mardam_Bey" title="Jamil Mardam Bey">Jamil Mardam Bey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kamil_Pasha_al-Qudsi" title="Kamil Pasha al-Qudsi">Kamil Pasha al-Qudsi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sultan_al-Atrash" title="Sultan al-Atrash">Sultan al-Atrash</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saadallah_al-Jabiri" title="Saadallah al-Jabiri">Saadallah al-Jabiri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haqqi_al-Azm" title="Haqqi al-Azm">Haqqi al-Azm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ayyash_Al-Haj" title="Ayyash Al-Haj">Ayyash Al-Haj</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abd_al-Rahman_Shahbandar" title="Abd al-Rahman Shahbandar">Abd al-Rahman Shahbandar</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">French</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/High_Commissioner_of_the_Levant" title="High Commissioner of the Levant">French High Commissioner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_de_Gaulle" title="Charles de Gaulle">Charles de Gaulle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henri_Gouraud_(general)" class="mw-redirect" title="Henri Gouraud (general)">Henri Gouraud</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=Syria&#124;link=Syria_Aleppo" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Aleppo" title="Template:Aleppo"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Aleppo" title="Template talk:Aleppo"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Aleppo" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Aleppo"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=Syria&#124;link=Syria_Aleppo" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Syria" title="Syria"><img alt="Syria" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Flag_of_Syria.svg/23px-Flag_of_Syria.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Flag_of_Syria.svg/35px-Flag_of_Syria.svg.png 1.5x, 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Maqsood</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Historic landmarks</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_City_of_Aleppo" class="mw-redirect" title="Ancient City of Aleppo">Ancient City of Aleppo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Citadel_of_Aleppo" title="Citadel of Aleppo">Citadel of Aleppo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Madina_Souq" title="Al-Madina Souq">Al-Madina Souq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Jdayde" title="Al-Jdayde">Al-Jdayde quarter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_Synagogue_of_Aleppo" title="Central Synagogue of Aleppo">Central Synagogue of Aleppo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Shibani_Church" title="Al-Shibani Church">Al-Shibani building</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hammam_Bab_al-Ahmar" title="Hammam Bab al-Ahmar">Hammam Bab al-Ahmar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hammam_al-Nahhasin" title="Hammam al-Nahhasin">Hammam al-Nahhasin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hammam_Yalbugha" title="Hammam Yalbugha">Hammam Yalbugha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khanqah_al-Farafira" title="Khanqah al-Farafira">Khanqah al-Farafira</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bimaristan_Arghun_al-Kamili&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bimaristan Arghun al-Kamili (page does not exist)">Bimaristan Arghun al-Kamili</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beit_Junblatt" title="Beit Junblatt">Beit Junblatt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beit_Ghazaleh" title="Beit Ghazaleh">Beit Ghazaleh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beit_Achiqbash" title="Beit Achiqbash">Beit Achiqbash</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bab_al-Faraj_Clock_Tower" title="Bab al-Faraj Clock Tower">Bab al-Faraj Clock Tower</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baron_Hotel" title="Baron Hotel">Baron Hotel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aleppo_railway_station" title="Aleppo railway station">Aleppo railway station</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Villa_Rose" title="Villa Rose">Villa Rose</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grand_Serail_of_Aleppo" title="Grand Serail of Aleppo">Grand Serail of Aleppo</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Madrasas</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Al-Ahmadiyah_Madrasa" title="Al-Ahmadiyah Madrasa">Al-Ahmadiyah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Firdaws_Madrasa" title="Al-Firdaws Madrasa">Al-Firdaws</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Halawiyah_Madrasa" title="Al-Halawiyah Madrasa">Al-Halawiyah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Kameliyah_Madrasa" title="Al-Kameliyah Madrasa">Al-Kameliyah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Muqaddamiyah_Madrasa" title="Al-Muqaddamiyah Madrasa">Al-Muqaddamiyah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Shadbakhtiyah_Madrasa" title="Al-Shadbakhtiyah Madrasa">Al-Shadbakhtiyah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Sharafiyah_Madrasa" title="Al-Sharafiyah Madrasa">Al-Sharafiyah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Sultaniyah_Madrasa" title="Al-Sultaniyah Madrasa">Al-Sultaniyah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Turantaiyah_Madrasa" title="Al-Turantaiyah Madrasa">Al-Turantaiyah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Uthmaniyah_Madrasa_(Aleppo)" title="Al-Uthmaniyah Madrasa (Aleppo)">Al-Uthmaniyah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Zahiriyah_Madrasa" title="Al-Zahiriyah Madrasa">Al-Zahiriyah</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_mosques_in_Aleppo" title="List of mosques in Aleppo">Mosques</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Historic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Al-Shuaibiyah_Mosque" title="Al-Shuaibiyah Mosque">Al-Shuaibiyah Mosque</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Mosque_of_Aleppo" title="Great Mosque of Aleppo">Great Mosque of Aleppo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Nuqtah_Mosque" title="Al-Nuqtah Mosque">Al-Nuqtah Mosque</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Qaiqan_Mosque" title="Al-Qaiqan Mosque">Al-Qaiqan Mosque</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahmandar_Mosque" title="Mahmandar Mosque">Mahmandar Mosque</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Altun_Bogha_Mosque" title="Altun Bogha Mosque">Altun Bogha Mosque</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Sahibiyah_Mosque" title="Al-Sahibiyah Mosque">Al-Sahibiyah Mosque</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bahsita_Mosque" title="Bahsita Mosque">Bahsita Mosque</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Tawashi_Mosque" title="Al-Tawashi Mosque">Al-Tawashi Mosque</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Otrush_Mosque" title="Al-Otrush Mosque">Al-Otrush Mosque</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Saffahiyah_Mosque" title="Al-Saffahiyah Mosque">Al-Saffahiyah Mosque</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khusruwiyah_Mosque" title="Khusruwiyah Mosque">Khusruwiyah Mosque</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Adiliyah_Mosque" title="Al-Adiliyah Mosque">Al-Adiliyah Mosque</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Behramiyah_Mosque" title="Behramiyah Mosque">Behramiyah Mosque</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Modern</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ar-Rahman_Mosque,_Aleppo" class="mw-redirect" title="Ar-Rahman Mosque, Aleppo">Ar-Rahman Mosque</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tawhid_Mosque" title="Tawhid Mosque">Tawhid Mosque</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_churches_in_Aleppo" title="List of churches in Aleppo">Churches</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Historic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Church_of_Saint_Simeon_Stylites" title="Church of Saint Simeon Stylites">Church of Saint Simeon Stylites</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Forty_Martyrs_Cathedral" title="Forty Martyrs Cathedral">Forty Martyrs Cathedral</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Church_of_the_Dormition_of_Our_Lady" title="Church of the Dormition of Our Lady">Church of the Dormition of Our Lady</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mar_Assia_al-Hakim_Church" title="Mar Assia al-Hakim Church">Mar Assia al-Hakim Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cathedral_of_Saint_Elijah,_Aleppo" title="Cathedral of Saint Elijah, Aleppo">Saint Elijah Cathedral</a> (Maronite)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Modern</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church_in_Syria" title="Catholic Church in Syria">Catholic</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Church_of_Saint_Francis_of_Assisi,_Aleppo" title="Church of Saint Francis of Assisi, Aleppo">Church of Saint Francis of Assisi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Church_of_the_Holy_Trinity,_Aleppo" title="Church of the Holy Trinity, Aleppo">Church of the Holy Trinity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cathedral_of_Saint_Joseph,_Aleppo" title="Cathedral of Saint Joseph, Aleppo">Cathedral of Saint Joseph</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Church_of_the_Holy_Cross,_Aleppo" title="Church of the Holy Cross, Aleppo">Church of the Holy Cross</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cathedral_of_Our_Lady_of_the_Assumption,_Aleppo" title="Cathedral of Our Lady of the Assumption, Aleppo">Cathedral of Our Lady of the Assumption</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Orthodox_Church_in_Syria" class="mw-redirect" title="Eastern Orthodox Church in Syria">Eastern Orthodox</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cathedral_of_Elijah_the_Prophet,_Aleppo" title="Cathedral of Elijah the Prophet, Aleppo">Cathedral of Elijah the Prophet</a> (Greek Orthodox)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Oriental_Orthodoxy_in_Syria" class="mw-redirect" title="Oriental Orthodoxy in Syria">Oriental Orthodox</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Church_of_the_Holy_Mother_of_God_(Aleppo)" title="Church of the Holy Mother of God (Aleppo)">Church of the Holy Mother of God</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Protestantism_in_Syria" class="mw-redirect" title="Protestantism in Syria">Protestant</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Emmanuel_Church,_Aleppo" title="Emmanuel Church, Aleppo">Emmanuel Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bethel_Church,_Aleppo" title="Bethel Church, Aleppo">Bethel Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martyrs%27_Church,_Aleppo" title="Martyrs' Church, Aleppo">Martyrs' Church</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Historic gates</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bab_al-Hadid" title="Bab al-Hadid">Bab al-Hadid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bab_al-Ahmar" title="Bab al-Ahmar">Bab al-Ahmar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bab_al-Nairab" title="Bab al-Nairab">Bab al-Nairab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bab_al-Maqam" title="Bab al-Maqam">Bab al-Maqam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bab_Qinnasrin" title="Bab Qinnasrin">Bab Qinnasrin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bab_Antakeya" title="Bab Antakeya">Bab Antakeya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bab_al-Jinan" title="Bab al-Jinan">Bab al-Jinan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bab_al-Faraj_(Aleppo)" title="Bab al-Faraj (Aleppo)">Bab al-Faraj</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bab_al-Nasr_(Aleppo)" title="Bab al-Nasr (Aleppo)">Bab al-Nasr</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Culture and <br />education</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aleppo_Citadel_Amphitheatre&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Aleppo Citadel Amphitheatre (page does not exist)">Aleppo Citadel Amphitheatre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aleppo_Citadel_Museum" title="Aleppo Citadel Museum">Aleppo Citadel Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Library_of_Aleppo" title="National Library of Aleppo">National Library of Aleppo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Museum_of_Aleppo" title="National Museum of Aleppo">National Museum of Aleppo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aleppo_Centre_for_Culture_and_Arts" title="Aleppo Centre for Culture and Arts">Aleppo Centre for Culture and Arts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Aleppo" title="University of Aleppo">University of Aleppo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cordoba_Private_University" title="Cordoba Private University">Mamoun University for Science and Technology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Shahba_University" title="Al-Shahba University">Al-Shahba University</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aleppo_College" title="Aleppo College">Aleppo College</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%89cole_Amal" title="École Amal">École Amal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_School_of_Aleppo" title="International School of Aleppo">International School of Aleppo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lyc%C3%A9e_fran%C3%A7ais_d%27Alep" title="Lycée français d'Alep">Lycée français d'Alep</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Entertainment</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Al-Sabil_Park" title="Al-Sabil Park">Al-Sabil Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aleppo_Public_Park" title="Aleppo Public Park">Aleppo Public Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Snoubari_Park" title="Al-Snoubari Park">Al-Snoubari Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abu_Abdo" title="Abu Abdo">Abu Abdo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Club_d%27Alep" title="Club d'Alep">Club d'Alep</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sheraton_Aleppo_Hotel" title="Sheraton Aleppo Hotel">Sheraton Aleppo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shahba_Mall" title="Shahba Mall">Shahba Mall</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Streets and squares</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Al-Hatab_Square" title="Al-Hatab Square">Al-Hatab Square</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Farhat_Square" title="Farhat Square">Farhat Square</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sabaa_Bahrat_Square,_Aleppo" title="Sabaa Bahrat Square, Aleppo">Sabaa Bahrat Square</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saadallah_al-Jabiri_Square" title="Saadallah al-Jabiri Square">Saadallah al-Jabiri Square</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberty_Square,_Aleppo" title="Liberty Square, Aleppo">Liberty Square</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/King_Faisal_Street" title="King Faisal Street">King Faisal Street</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Notable people</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abd_al-Rahman_al-Kawakibi" title="Abd al-Rahman al-Kawakibi">Abd al-Rahman al-Kawakibi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Ma%27arri" title="Al-Ma'arri">Al-Ma'arri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buhturi" title="Buhturi">Buhturi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harut_Sassounian" title="Harut Sassounian">Harut Sassounian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hilarion_Capucci" title="Hilarion Capucci">Hilarion Capucci</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Ibrahim Hananu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jerry_Seinfeld" title="Jerry Seinfeld">Jerry Seinfeld</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Safra" title="Joseph Safra">Joseph Safra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Levon_Ter-Petrossian" class="mw-redirect" title="Levon Ter-Petrossian">Levon Ter-Petrossian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louay_Kayali" title="Louay Kayali">Louay Kayali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moustapha_Akkad" title="Moustapha Akkad">Moustapha Akkad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mustafa_Bey_Barmada" title="Mustafa Bey Barmada">Mustafa Bey Barmada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nazim_al-Kudsi" class="mw-redirect" title="Nazim al-Kudsi">Nazim al-Kudsi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qustaki_al-Himsi" title="Qustaki al-Himsi">Qustaki al-Himsi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ronaldo_Mouchawar" title="Ronaldo Mouchawar">Ronaldo Mouchawar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rushdi_al-Kikhya" title="Rushdi al-Kikhya">Rushdi al-Kikhya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Omar_Abu-Riche" class="mw-redirect" title="Omar Abu-Riche">Omar Abu-Riche</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_of_Aleppo" title="Paul of Aleppo">Paul of Aleppo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qustaki_al-Himsi" title="Qustaki al-Himsi">Qustaki al-Himsi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saadallah_al-Jabiri" title="Saadallah al-Jabiri">Saadallah al-Jabiri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sabah_Fakhri" title="Sabah Fakhri">Sabah Fakhri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Maron" class="mw-redirect" title="Saint Maron">Saint Maron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simeon_Stylites" title="Simeon Stylites">Simeon Stylites</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Nature</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Queiq_River" class="mw-redirect" title="Queiq River">Queiq River</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dhahab_River" title="Dhahab River">Dhahab River</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mount_Simeon" title="Mount Simeon">Mount Simeon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kurd_Mountains" class="mw-redirect" title="Kurd Mountains">Kurd Mountains</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mount_Barsa" title="Mount Barsa">Mount Barsa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mount_al-Hass" title="Mount al-Hass">Mount al-Hass</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aleppo_plateau" title="Aleppo plateau">Aleppo plateau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Limestone_Massif" title="Limestone Massif">Limestone Massif</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sabkhat_al-Jabbul" title="Sabkhat al-Jabbul">Sabkhat al-Jabbul</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Sport</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Venues</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/7_April_Stadium_(Aleppo)" title="7 April Stadium (Aleppo)">7 April Stadium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ri%27ayet_al-Shabab_Stadium" title="Ri'ayet al-Shabab Stadium">Ri'ayet al-Shabab Stadium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Assad_Sports_Arena" class="mw-redirect" title="Al-Assad Sports Arena">Al-Assad Sports Arena</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Hamadaniah_Stadium" title="Al-Hamadaniah Stadium">Al-Hamadaniah Stadium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Ittihad_Stadium" title="Al-Ittihad Stadium">Al-Ittihad Stadium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bassel_al-Assad_Swimming_Complex" title="Bassel al-Assad Swimming Complex">Bassel al-Assad Swimming Complex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aleppo_International_Stadium" title="Aleppo International Stadium">Aleppo International Stadium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Hamadaniah_Tennis_Complex" title="Al-Hamadaniah Tennis Complex">Al-Hamadaniah Tennis Complex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Hamadaniah_Olympic_Swimming_and_Diving_Complex" title="Al-Hamadaniah Olympic Swimming and Diving Complex">Al-Hamadaniah Olympic Swimming and Diving Complex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Hamadaniah_Sports_Arena" title="Al-Hamadaniah Sports Arena">Al-Hamadaniah Sports Arena</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Clubs</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Al-Ittihad_SC_Aleppo" title="Al-Ittihad SC Aleppo">Al-Ittihad SC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Hurriya_SC" title="Al-Hurriya SC">Al-Hurriya SC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Yarmouk_SC_(Syria)" title="Al-Yarmouk SC (Syria)">Al-Yarmouk SC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Herafyeen_SC" title="Al-Herafyeen SC">Al-Herafyeen SC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jalaa_SC" title="Jalaa SC">Jalaa SC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ommal_Aleppo_SC" title="Ommal Aleppo SC">Ommal Aleppo SC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ouroube_SC" title="Ouroube SC">Ouroube SC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shorta_Aleppo_SC" title="Shorta Aleppo SC">Shorta Aleppo SC</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Aleppo" title="Timeline of Aleppo">Historical timeline</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_rulers_of_Aleppo" class="mw-redirect" title="List of rulers of Aleppo">Rulers of Aleppo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armi_(Syria)" title="Armi (Syria)">Kingdom of Armi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yamhad" title="Yamhad">Yamhad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palistin" title="Palistin">Palistin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bit_Agusi" title="Bit Agusi">Bit Agusi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aleppo_soap" title="Aleppo soap">Aleppo soap</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dead_Cities" title="Dead Cities">Dead Cities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Aleppo_(637)" title="Siege of Aleppo (637)">Siege of Aleppo (637)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aleppo_Codex" title="Aleppo Codex">Aleppo Codex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hamdanid_dynasty" title="Hamdanid dynasty">Hamdanids</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mirdasid_dynasty" title="Mirdasid dynasty">Mirdasids</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zengid_dynasty" title="Zengid dynasty">Zengids</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1138_Aleppo_earthquake" title="1138 Aleppo earthquake">1138 Aleppo earthquake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Aleppo_(1260)" title="Siege of Aleppo (1260)">Siege of Aleppo (1260)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Marj_Dabiq" title="Battle of Marj Dabiq">Battle of Marj Dabiq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aleppo_Eyalet" title="Aleppo Eyalet">Aleppo Eyalet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Levant_Company" title="Levant Company">Levant Company</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Massacre_of_Aleppo_(1850)" title="Massacre of Aleppo (1850)">Massacre of Aleppo (1850)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aleppo_Vilayet" class="mw-redirect" title="Aleppo Vilayet">Aleppo Vilayet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qudud_Halabiya" title="Qudud Halabiya">Qudud Halabiya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Berlin%E2%80%93Baghdad_railway" title="Berlin–Baghdad railway">Baghdad Railway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aleppo_International_Airport" title="Aleppo International Airport">Aleppo International Airport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_of_Aleppo" title="State of Aleppo">State of Aleppo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/People%27s_Party_(Syria)" title="People's Party (Syria)">People's Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1947_anti-Jewish_riots_in_Aleppo" title="1947 anti-Jewish riots in Aleppo">1947 Aleppo pogrom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syrian_Railways#History" title="Syrian Railways">Chemins de Fer Syriens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aleppo_Artillery_School_massacre" title="Aleppo Artillery School massacre">Aleppo Artillery School massacre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Aleppo_(1980)" title="Siege of Aleppo (1980)">Siege of Aleppo (1980)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Aleppo_(2012%E2%80%932016)" title="Battle of Aleppo (2012–2016)">Battle of Aleppo</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/February_2012_Aleppo_bombings" title="February 2012 Aleppo bombings">February 2012 bombings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_2012_Aleppo_bombing" title="March 2012 Aleppo bombing">March 2012 bombings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_2012_Aleppo_bombing" title="September 2012 Aleppo bombing">September 2012 bombings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_2012_Aleppo_bombings" title="October 2012 Aleppo bombings">October 2012 bombings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aleppo_University_bombings" title="Aleppo University bombings">University bombings</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><a href="/wiki/Category:Aleppo" title="Category:Aleppo">Category:Aleppo</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1337578#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1337578#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" 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navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000049671615">ISNI</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/61429645">VIAF</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/345696/">FAST</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJmdtHfWWrVHKgTmcF4Dv3">WorldCat</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/1140752723">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" 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