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<li id="toc-Influences_of_Zheng_He's_voyages" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Influences_of_Zheng_He's_voyages"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Influences of Zheng He's voyages</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Influences_of_Zheng_He's_voyages-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bruneian_conquest_(16th_century)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bruneian_conquest_(16th_century)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Bruneian conquest (16th century)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bruneian_conquest_(16th_century)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Spanish_encounter" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Spanish_encounter"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>Spanish encounter</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Spanish_encounter-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Modern_age" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Modern_age"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4</span> <span>Modern age</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Modern_age-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Bangsa_Sug_and_Bangsa_Moro" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bangsa_Sug_and_Bangsa_Moro"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4.1</span> <span>Bangsa Sug and Bangsa Moro</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bangsa_Sug_and_Bangsa_Moro-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Balik_Islam" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Balik_Islam"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4.2</span> <span>Balik Islam</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Balik_Islam-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bangsamoro_Region" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bangsamoro_Region"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Bangsamoro Region</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bangsamoro_Region-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Demographics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Demographics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Demographics</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Demographics-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Demographics subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Demographics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Table" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Table"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Table</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Table-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Islamic_schools_of_thought_in_the_Philippines" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Islamic_schools_of_thought_in_the_Philippines"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Islamic schools of thought in the Philippines</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Islamic_schools_of_thought_in_the_Philippines-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Islamic schools of thought in the Philippines subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Islamic_schools_of_thought_in_the_Philippines-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Sufism" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sufism"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Sufism</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sufism-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Classical_Traditional_Southeast_Asian_Sufism_(Sufism)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Classical_Traditional_Southeast_Asian_Sufism_(Sufism)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1.1</span> <span>Classical Traditional Southeast Asian Sufism (Sufism)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Classical_Traditional_Southeast_Asian_Sufism_(Sufism)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Shi'ism" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Shi'ism"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>Shi'ism</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Shi'ism-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Indigenous_Islam" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Indigenous_Islam"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3</span> <span>Indigenous Islam</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Indigenous_Islam-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Salafism" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Salafism"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.4</span> <span>Salafism</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Salafism-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ash'ari_wal_Maturidi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ash'ari_wal_Maturidi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.5</span> <span><i>Ash'ari wal Maturidi</i></span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ash'ari_wal_Maturidi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Tablighi_Jama'at" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tablighi_Jama'at"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.6</span> <span><i>Tablighi Jama'at</i></span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Tablighi_Jama'at-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Nurcu" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Nurcu"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.7</span> <span><i>Nurcu</i></span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Nurcu-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Hizmet" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Hizmet"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.8</span> <span><i>Hizmet</i></span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Hizmet-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ahmadiyya" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ahmadiyya"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.9</span> <span><i>Ahmadiyya</i></span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ahmadiyya-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ahmadi_Religion_of_Peace_and_Light" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ahmadi_Religion_of_Peace_and_Light"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.10</span> <span>Ahmadi Religion of Peace and Light</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ahmadi_Religion_of_Peace_and_Light-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Traditional_art_from_the_Philippines_by_Muslim_groups" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Traditional_art_from_the_Philippines_by_Muslim_groups"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Traditional art from the Philippines by Muslim groups</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Traditional_art_from_the_Philippines_by_Muslim_groups-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet 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Available in 16 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-16" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">16 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A5%D8%B3%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%85_%D9%81%D9%8A_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%81%D9%84%D8%A8%D9%8A%D9%86" title="الإسلام في الفلبين – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="الإسلام في الفلبين" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AB%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%87%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%87_%E0%A6%87%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AE" title="ফিলিপাইনে ইসলাম – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="ফিলিপাইনে ইসলাম" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islam_sa_Filipinas" title="Islam sa Filipinas – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Islam sa Filipinas" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islam_sa_Pilipinas" title="Islam sa Pilipinas – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Islam sa Pilipinas" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islam_auf_den_Philippinen" title="Islam auf den Philippinen – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Islam auf den Philippinen" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islam_en_Filipinas" title="Islam en Filipinas – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Islam en Filipinas" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%85_%D8%AF%D8%B1_%D9%81%DB%8C%D9%84%DB%8C%D9%BE%DB%8C%D9%86" title="اسلام در فیلیپین – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="اسلام در فیلیپین" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philippines_mein_Islam" title="Philippines mein Islam – Fiji Hindi" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="Philippines mein Islam" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="Fiji Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fiji Hindi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islam_aux_Philippines" title="Islam aux Philippines – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Islam aux Philippines" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islam_di_Filipina" title="Islam di Filipina – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Islam di Filipina" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islam_di_Filipina" title="Islam di Filipina – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Islam di Filipina" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%95%E3%82%A3%E3%83%AA%E3%83%94%E3%83%B3%E3%81%AE%E3%82%A4%E3%82%B9%E3%83%A9%E3%83%A0%E6%95%99" title="フィリピンのイスラム教 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="フィリピンのイスラム教" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islam_sa_Pilipinas" title="Islam sa Pilipinas – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Islam sa Pilipinas" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B0_%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BC" title="Филипинда ислам – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Филипинда ислам" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D9%84%D9%BE%D8%A7%D8%A6%D9%86_%D9%85%DB%8C%DA%BA_%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%85" title="فلپائن میں اسلام – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="فلپائن میں اسلام" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%8F%B2%E5%BE%8B%E8%B3%93%E4%BC%8A%E6%96%AF%E8%98%AD%E6%95%99" title="菲律賓伊斯蘭教 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="菲律賓伊斯蘭教" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q1674071#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div 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img{background-color:white}</style><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile nowraplinks hlist"><tbody><tr><th class="sidebar-title"><a href="/wiki/Islam_by_country" title="Islam by country">Islam by country</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-image sb-ibc"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Islam_percent_population_in_each_nation_World_Map_Muslim_data_by_Pew_Research.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Islam_percent_population_in_each_nation_World_Map_Muslim_data_by_Pew_Research.svg/250px-Islam_percent_population_in_each_nation_World_Map_Muslim_data_by_Pew_Research.svg.png" decoding="async" width="200" height="103" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Islam_percent_population_in_each_nation_World_Map_Muslim_data_by_Pew_Research.svg/330px-Islam_percent_population_in_each_nation_World_Map_Muslim_data_by_Pew_Research.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Islam_percent_population_in_each_nation_World_Map_Muslim_data_by_Pew_Research.svg/500px-Islam_percent_population_in_each_nation_World_Map_Muslim_data_by_Pew_Research.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="863" data-file-height="443" /></a></span><div class="sidebar-caption">World percentage of <a href="/wiki/Muslims" title="Muslims">Muslims</a> by country</div></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Islam_in_Africa" title="Islam in Africa">Africa</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Islam_in_Algeria" title="Islam in Algeria">Algeria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islam_in_Angola" title="Islam in Angola">Angola</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islam_in_Benin" class="mw-redirect" title="Islam in Benin">Benin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islam_in_Botswana" class="mw-redirect" title="Islam in Botswana">Botswana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islam_in_Burkina_Faso" title="Islam in Burkina Faso">Burkina Faso</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islam_in_Burundi" title="Islam in Burundi">Burundi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islam_in_Cameroon" title="Islam in Cameroon">Cameroon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islam_in_Cape_Verde" title="Islam in Cape Verde">Cape Verde</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islam_in_the_Central_African_Republic" title="Islam in the Central African Republic">Central African Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islam_in_Chad" title="Islam in Chad">Chad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islam_in_the_Comoros" title="Islam in the Comoros">Comoros</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islam_in_the_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo" title="Islam in the Democratic Republic of the Congo">Democratic Republic of the Congo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islam_in_the_Republic_of_the_Congo" title="Islam in the Republic of the Congo">Republic of the Congo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islam_in_Djibouti" title="Islam in Djibouti">Djibouti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islam_in_Egypt" title="Islam in Egypt">Egypt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islam_in_Equatorial_Guinea" title="Islam in Equatorial Guinea">Equatorial Guinea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islam_in_Eritrea" class="mw-redirect" title="Islam in Eritrea">Eritrea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islam_in_Eswatini" title="Islam in Eswatini">Eswatini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islam_in_Ethiopia" title="Islam in Ethiopia">Ethiopia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islam_in_Gabon" title="Islam in Gabon">Gabon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islam_in_the_Gambia" title="Islam in the Gambia">Gambia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islam_in_Ghana" title="Islam in Ghana">Ghana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islam_in_Guinea" title="Islam in Guinea">Guinea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islam_in_Guinea-Bissau" title="Islam in Guinea-Bissau">Guinea-Bissau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islam_in_Ivory_Coast" title="Islam in Ivory Coast">Ivory Coast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islam_in_Kenya" title="Islam in Kenya">Kenya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islam_in_Lesotho" title="Islam in Lesotho">Lesotho</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islam_in_Liberia" title="Islam in Liberia">Liberia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islam_in_Libya" title="Islam in Libya">Libya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islam_in_Madagascar" title="Islam in Madagascar">Madagascar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islam_in_Malawi" title="Islam in Malawi">Malawi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islam_in_Mali" title="Islam in Mali">Mali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islam_in_Mauritania" title="Islam in Mauritania">Mauritania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islam_in_Mauritius" title="Islam in Mauritius">Mauritius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islam_in_Mayotte" title="Islam in Mayotte">Mayotte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islam_in_Morocco" title="Islam in Morocco">Morocco</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Islam_in_Western_Sahara" title="Islam in Western Sahara">Western Sahara</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islam_in_Mozambique" title="Islam in Mozambique">Mozambique</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islam_in_Namibia" title="Islam in Namibia">Namibia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islam_in_Niger" title="Islam in Niger">Niger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islam_in_Nigeria" title="Islam in Nigeria">Nigeria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islam_in_R%C3%A9union" title="Islam in Réunion">Réunion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islam_in_Rwanda" title="Islam in Rwanda">Rwanda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islam_in_S%C3%A3o_Tom%C3%A9_and_Pr%C3%ADncipe" title="Islam in São Tomé and Príncipe">São Tomé and Príncipe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islam_in_Senegal" title="Islam in Senegal">Senegal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islam_in_Seychelles" title="Islam in Seychelles">Seychelles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islam_in_Sierra_Leone" title="Islam in Sierra Leone">Sierra Leone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islam_in_Somalia" title="Islam in Somalia">Somalia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islam_in_South_Africa" title="Islam in South Africa">South Africa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islam_in_South_Sudan" title="Islam in South Sudan">South Sudan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islam_in_Sudan" title="Islam in Sudan">Sudan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islam_in_Tanzania" title="Islam in Tanzania">Tanzania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islam_in_Togo" title="Islam in Togo">Togo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islam_in_Tunisia" title="Islam in Tunisia">Tunisia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islam_in_Uganda" title="Islam in Uganda">Uganda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islam_in_Zambia" title="Islam in Zambia">Zambia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islam_in_Zimbabwe" title="Islam in Zimbabwe">Zimbabwe</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Islam_in_Asia" title="Islam in Asia">Asia</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Islam_in_Afghanistan" title="Islam in Afghanistan">Afghanistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islam_in_Armenia" title="Islam in Armenia">Armenia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islam_in_Azerbaijan" title="Islam in Azerbaijan">Azerbaijan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islam_in_Bahrain" title="Islam in Bahrain">Bahrain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islam_in_Bangladesh" title="Islam in Bangladesh">Bangladesh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islam_in_Bhutan" class="mw-redirect" title="Islam in Bhutan">Bhutan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islam_in_Brunei" title="Islam in Brunei">Brunei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islam_in_Cambodia" title="Islam in Cambodia">Cambodia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islam_in_China" title="Islam in China">China</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islam_in_Cyprus" title="Islam in Cyprus">Cyprus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islam_in_Georgia_(country)" title="Islam in Georgia (country)">Georgia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islam_in_Hong_Kong" title="Islam in Hong Kong">Hong Kong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islam_in_India" title="Islam in India">India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islam_in_Indonesia" title="Islam in Indonesia">Indonesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islam_in_Iran" title="Islam in Iran">Iran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islam_in_Iraq" title="Islam in Iraq">Iraq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islam_in_Israel" title="Islam in Israel">Israel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islam_in_Japan" title="Islam in Japan">Japan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islam_in_Jordan" title="Islam in Jordan">Jordan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islam_in_Kazakhstan" title="Islam in Kazakhstan">Kazakhstan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islam_in_Korea" title="Islam in Korea">Korea</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Islam_in_North_Korea" class="mw-redirect" title="Islam in North Korea">North Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islam_in_South_Korea" class="mw-redirect" title="Islam in South Korea">South Korea</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islam_in_Kuwait" title="Islam in Kuwait">Kuwait</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islam_in_Kyrgyzstan" title="Islam in Kyrgyzstan">Kyrgyzstan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islam_in_Laos" title="Islam in Laos">Laos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islam_in_Lebanon" title="Islam in Lebanon">Lebanon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islam_in_Macau" title="Islam in Macau">Macau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islam_in_Malaysia" title="Islam in Malaysia">Malaysia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islam_in_Maldives" title="Islam in Maldives">Maldives</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islam_in_Mongolia" title="Islam in Mongolia">Mongolia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islam_in_Myanmar" title="Islam in Myanmar">Myanmar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islam_in_Nepal" title="Islam in Nepal">Nepal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islam_in_Oman" title="Islam in Oman">Oman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islam_in_Pakistan" title="Islam in Pakistan">Pakistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islam_in_Palestine" title="Islam in Palestine">Palestine</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Philippines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islam_in_Qatar" title="Islam in Qatar">Qatar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islam_in_Saudi_Arabia" title="Islam in Saudi Arabia">Saudi Arabia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islam_in_Singapore" title="Islam in Singapore">Singapore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islam_in_Sri_Lanka" title="Islam in Sri Lanka">Sri Lanka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islam_in_Syria" title="Islam in Syria">Syria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islam_in_Taiwan" title="Islam in Taiwan">Taiwan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islam_in_Tajikistan" title="Islam in Tajikistan">Tajikistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islam_in_Thailand" title="Islam in Thailand">Thailand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islam_in_Timor-Leste" class="mw-redirect" title="Islam in Timor-Leste">Timor-Leste</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islam_in_Turkey" title="Islam in Turkey">Turkey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islam_in_Turkmenistan" title="Islam in Turkmenistan">Turkmenistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islam_in_the_United_Arab_Emirates" title="Islam in the United Arab Emirates">United Arab Emirates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islam_in_Uzbekistan" title="Islam in Uzbekistan">Uzbekistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islam_in_Vietnam" title="Islam in Vietnam">Vietnam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islam_in_Yemen" title="Islam in Yemen">Yemen</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Islam_in_the_Americas" title="Islam in the Americas">Americas</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Islam_in_Antigua_and_Barbuda" title="Islam in Antigua and Barbuda">Antigua and Barbuda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islam_in_Argentina" title="Islam in Argentina">Argentina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islam_in_The_Bahamas" class="mw-redirect" title="Islam in The Bahamas">Bahamas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islam_in_Barbados" title="Islam in Barbados">Barbados</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islam_in_Belize" class="mw-redirect" title="Islam in Belize">Belize</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islam_in_Bolivia" title="Islam in Bolivia">Bolivia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islam_in_Brazil" title="Islam in Brazil">Brazil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islam_in_Canada" title="Islam in Canada">Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islam_in_Chile" title="Islam in Chile">Chile</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islam_in_Colombia" title="Islam in Colombia">Colombia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islam_in_Costa_Rica" title="Islam in Costa Rica">Costa Rica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islam_in_Cuba" title="Islam in Cuba">Cuba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islam_in_Dominica" title="Islam in Dominica">Dominica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islam_in_the_Dominican_Republic" title="Islam in the Dominican Republic">Dominican Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islam_in_Ecuador" title="Islam in Ecuador">Ecuador</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islam_in_El_Salvador" title="Islam in El Salvador">El Salvador</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islam_in_French_Guiana" title="Islam in French Guiana">French Guiana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islam_in_Grenada" title="Islam in Grenada">Grenada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islam_in_Guatemala" title="Islam in Guatemala">Guatemala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islam_in_Guyana" title="Islam in Guyana">Guyana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islam_in_Haiti" title="Islam in Haiti">Haiti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islam_in_Honduras" title="Islam in Honduras">Honduras</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islam_in_Jamaica" title="Islam in Jamaica">Jamaica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islam_in_Mexico" title="Islam in Mexico">Mexico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islam_in_Nicaragua" title="Islam in Nicaragua">Nicaragua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islam_in_Panama" title="Islam in Panama">Panama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islam_in_Paraguay" title="Islam in Paraguay">Paraguay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islam_in_Peru" title="Islam in Peru">Peru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islam_in_Saint_Kitts_and_Nevis" title="Islam in Saint Kitts and Nevis">Saint Kitts and Nevis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islam_in_Saint_Lucia" title="Islam in Saint Lucia">Saint Lucia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islam_in_Saint_Vincent_and_the_Grenadines" title="Islam in Saint Vincent and the Grenadines">Saint Vincent and the Grenadines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islam_in_Suriname" title="Islam in Suriname">Suriname</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islam_in_Trinidad_and_Tobago" title="Islam in Trinidad and Tobago">Trinidad and Tobago</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islam_in_the_United_States" title="Islam in the United States">United States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islam_in_Uruguay" title="Islam in Uruguay">Uruguay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islam_in_Venezuela" title="Islam in Venezuela">Venezuela</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Islam_in_Europe" title="Islam in Europe">Europe</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Islam_in_Albania" title="Islam in Albania">Albania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islam_in_Andorra" title="Islam in Andorra">Andorra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islam_in_Austria" title="Islam in Austria">Austria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islam_in_Belarus" title="Islam in Belarus">Belarus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islam_in_Belgium" title="Islam in Belgium">Belgium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islam_in_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina" title="Islam in Bosnia and Herzegovina">Bosnia and Herzegovina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islam_in_Bulgaria" title="Islam in Bulgaria">Bulgaria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islam_in_Croatia" title="Islam in Croatia">Croatia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islam_in_the_Czech_Republic" title="Islam in the Czech Republic">Czechia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islam_in_Denmark" title="Islam in Denmark">Denmark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islam_in_Estonia" title="Islam in Estonia">Estonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islam_in_Finland" title="Islam in Finland">Finland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islam_in_France" title="Islam in France">France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islam_in_Germany" title="Islam in Germany">Germany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islam_in_Greece" title="Islam in Greece">Greece</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islam_in_Hungary" title="Islam in Hungary">Hungary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islam_in_Iceland" title="Islam in Iceland">Iceland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islam_in_Ireland" class="mw-redirect" title="Islam in Ireland">Ireland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islam_in_Italy" title="Islam in Italy">Italy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islam_in_Kosovo" title="Islam in Kosovo">Kosovo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islam_in_Latvia" title="Islam in Latvia">Latvia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islam_in_Liechtenstein" title="Islam in Liechtenstein">Liechtenstein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islam_in_Lithuania" title="Islam in Lithuania">Lithuania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islam_in_Luxembourg" title="Islam in Luxembourg">Luxembourg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islam_in_Malta" title="Islam in Malta">Malta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islam_in_Moldova" title="Islam in Moldova">Moldova</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islam_in_Monaco" class="mw-redirect" title="Islam in Monaco">Monaco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islam_in_Montenegro" title="Islam in Montenegro">Montenegro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islam_in_the_Netherlands" title="Islam in the Netherlands">Netherlands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islam_in_North_Macedonia" title="Islam in North Macedonia">North Macedonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islam_in_Norway" title="Islam in Norway">Norway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islam_in_Poland" title="Islam in Poland">Poland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islam_in_Portugal" title="Islam in Portugal">Portugal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islam_in_Romania" title="Islam in Romania">Romania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islam_in_Russia" title="Islam in Russia">Russia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Islam_in_Tatarstan" title="Islam in Tatarstan">Tatarstan</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islam_in_San_Marino" class="mw-redirect" title="Islam in San Marino">San Marino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islam_in_Serbia" title="Islam in Serbia">Serbia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islam_in_Slovakia" title="Islam in Slovakia">Slovakia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islam_in_Slovenia" title="Islam in Slovenia">Slovenia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islam_in_Spain" title="Islam in Spain">Spain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islam_in_Sweden" title="Islam in Sweden">Sweden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islam_in_Switzerland" title="Islam in Switzerland">Switzerland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islam_in_Ukraine" title="Islam in Ukraine">Ukraine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islam_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Islam in the United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Islam_in_England" title="Islam in England">England</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islam_in_Northern_Ireland" title="Islam in Northern Ireland">Northern Ireland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islam_in_Scotland" title="Islam in Scotland">Scotland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islam_in_Wales" title="Islam in Wales">Wales</a></li></ul></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Islam_in_Oceania" title="Islam in Oceania">Oceania</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Islam_in_Australia" title="Islam in Australia">Australia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islam_in_Christmas_Island" title="Islam in Christmas Island">Christmas Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islam_in_the_Cocos_(Keeling)_Islands" title="Islam in the Cocos (Keeling) Islands">Cocos (Keeling) Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islam_in_the_Cook_Islands" title="Islam in the Cook Islands">Cook Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islam_in_Fiji" title="Islam in Fiji">Fiji</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islam_in_Guam" class="mw-redirect" title="Islam in Guam">Guam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islam_in_Kiribati" class="mw-redirect" title="Islam in Kiribati">Kiribati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islam_in_the_Marshall_Islands" title="Islam in the Marshall Islands">Marshall Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islam_in_the_Federated_States_of_Micronesia" class="mw-redirect" title="Islam in the Federated States of Micronesia">Micronesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Nauru" title="Religion in Nauru">Nauru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islam_in_New_Caledonia" title="Islam in New Caledonia">New Caledonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islam_in_New_Zealand" title="Islam in New Zealand">New Zealand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islam_in_the_Northern_Mariana_Islands" title="Islam in the Northern Mariana Islands">Northern Mariana Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islam_in_Palau" title="Islam in Palau">Palau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islam_in_Papua_New_Guinea" title="Islam in Papua New Guinea">Papua New Guinea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islam_in_Samoa" title="Islam in Samoa">Samoa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islam_in_Solomon_Islands" title="Islam in Solomon Islands">Solomon Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islam_in_Tonga" title="Islam in Tonga">Tonga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islam_in_Tuvalu" title="Islam in Tuvalu">Tuvalu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islam_in_Vanuatu" title="Islam in Vanuatu">Vanuatu</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-below"> <span class="nowrap"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Allah-green.svg/20px-Allah-green.svg.png" decoding="async" width="14" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Allah-green.svg/40px-Allah-green.svg.png 1.5x" data-file-width="206" data-file-height="215" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Islam" title="Portal:Islam">Islam portal</a></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Islam_by_country" title="Template:Islam by country"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Islam_by_country" title="Template talk:Islam by country"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Islam_by_country" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Islam by country"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b><a href="/wiki/Islam" title="Islam">Islam</a> in <a href="/wiki/Philippines" title="Philippines">the Philippines</a></b> is the second largest religion in the country,<sup id="cite_ref-:0_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and the faith was the first-recorded <a href="/wiki/Monotheism" title="Monotheism">monotheistic</a> <a href="/wiki/Religion_in_the_Philippines" title="Religion in the Philippines">religion in the Philippines</a>. Historically, Islam reached the <a href="/wiki/Philippine_archipelago" class="mw-redirect" title="Philippine archipelago">Philippine archipelago</a> in the 14th century,<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> through contact with <a href="/wiki/Muslim" class="mw-redirect" title="Muslim">Muslim</a> <a href="/wiki/Malays_(ethnic_group)" title="Malays (ethnic group)">Malay</a> and Arab <a href="/wiki/Merchant" title="Merchant">merchants</a> along <a href="/wiki/Southeast_Asia" title="Southeast Asia">Southeast Asian</a> <a href="/wiki/Trade" title="Trade">trade networks</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-:1_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> in addition to Yemeni missionaries from the tribe of <a href="/wiki/Alawites" title="Alawites">Alawi</a> of Yemen from the <a href="/wiki/Persian_Gulf" title="Persian Gulf">Persian Gulf</a>, southern India, and their followers from several <a href="/wiki/Sultan#Southeast_&_East_Asia" title="Sultan">sultanates</a> in the wider <a href="/wiki/Malay_Archipelago" title="Malay Archipelago">Malay Archipelago</a>. The first missionaries then followed in the late 14th and early 15th centuries.<sup id="cite_ref-Newson2009p31_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Newson2009p31-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They facilitated the formation of sultanates and conquests in mainland <a href="/wiki/Mindanao" title="Mindanao">Mindanao</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sulu_Archipelago" title="Sulu Archipelago">Sulu</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Those who converted to Islam came to be known as the <a href="/wiki/Moro_people" title="Moro people">Moros</a>, with Muslim conquest reaching as far as <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Tondo" class="mw-redirect" title="Kingdom of Tondo">Tondo</a> that was later supplanted by <a href="/wiki/Bruneian_Sultanate_(1368%E2%80%931888)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bruneian Sultanate (1368–1888)">Bruneian Empire</a> vassal-state of <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Maynila" class="mw-redirect" title="Kingdom of Maynila">Maynila</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Muslim sultanates had already begun expanding in the central Philippines by the 16th century, when the Spanish fleet led by <a href="/wiki/Ferdinand_Magellan" title="Ferdinand Magellan">Ferdinand Magellan</a> arrived.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Spanish referred to Muslim inhabitants of the Philippines as "Moros," after the Muslim "<a href="/wiki/Moors" title="Moors">Moors</a>" they had regarded with disdain in <a href="/wiki/Iberian_Peninsula" title="Iberian Peninsula">Iberia</a> and the Maghreb.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The subsequent Spanish conquest led to <a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church_in_the_Philippines" title="Catholic Church in the Philippines">Catholic Christianity</a> becoming the predominant religion in most of the modern-day Philippines, with Islam becoming a significant minority religion.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Gross2017p6_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gross2017p6-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the 21st century, there is some disagreement regarding the size of the Muslim population. The 2020 census conducted by the <a href="/wiki/Philippine_Statistics_Authority" title="Philippine Statistics Authority">Philippine Statistics Authority</a> found that 6.4% (6,981,710) of Filipinos were Muslims,<sup id="cite_ref-:0_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> up from 6.0% (6,064,744) in 2015.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, it was reported in 2004 that some Muslim groups asserted that the proper number was between eight and twelve percent.<sup id="cite_ref-IRF2004_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IRF2004-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Presently, the <a href="/wiki/National_Commission_on_Muslim_Filipinos" title="National Commission on Muslim Filipinos">National Commission on Muslim Filipinos</a> (NCMF) estimates Muslims constitute 11% of the total population, attributing the difference to a number of factors.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Most Muslims live in parts of Mindanao, Palawan, and the Sulu Archipelago – an area known as <a href="/wiki/Bangsamoro" title="Bangsamoro">Bangsamoro</a> or the <a href="/wiki/Moro_(Philippines)" class="mw-redirect" title="Moro (Philippines)">Moro</a> region.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Bangsamoro region is predominantly Muslim, with 91% of its 4.9 million inhabitants adhering to Islam.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Some have migrated into urban and rural areas in different parts of the country. Most Muslim Filipinos practice <a href="/wiki/Sunni_Islam" title="Sunni Islam">Sunni Islam</a> according to the <a href="/wiki/Shafi%27i" class="mw-redirect" title="Shafi'i">Shafi'i</a> school with the <a href="/wiki/Hanbali" class="mw-redirect" title="Hanbali">Hanbali</a> (<a href="/wiki/Athari" class="mw-redirect" title="Athari">Athari</a>) school in minority.<sup id="cite_ref-McAmis_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-McAmis-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Islam_in_the_Philippines&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Philippines" title="History of the Philippines">History of the Philippines</a> and <a href="/wiki/List_of_mosques_in_the_Philippines" title="List of mosques in the Philippines">List of mosques in the Philippines</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Allan_Jay_Quesada_Grand_Mosque_01_DSC_2332.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fd/Allan_Jay_Quesada_Grand_Mosque_01_DSC_2332.jpg/220px-Allan_Jay_Quesada_Grand_Mosque_01_DSC_2332.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fd/Allan_Jay_Quesada_Grand_Mosque_01_DSC_2332.jpg/330px-Allan_Jay_Quesada_Grand_Mosque_01_DSC_2332.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fd/Allan_Jay_Quesada_Grand_Mosque_01_DSC_2332.jpg/440px-Allan_Jay_Quesada_Grand_Mosque_01_DSC_2332.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5756" data-file-height="3837" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Sultan_Haji_Hassanal_Bolkiah_Mosque" title="Sultan Haji Hassanal Bolkiah Mosque">Sultan Haji Hassanal Bolkiah Grand Mosque</a> in <a href="/wiki/Cotabato_City" title="Cotabato City">Cotabato City</a></figcaption></figure> <p>In 1380, the Sunni Shaykh <a href="/wiki/Makhdum_Karim" class="mw-redirect" title="Makhdum Karim">Makhdum Karim</a> reached the <a href="/wiki/Sulu_Archipelago" title="Sulu Archipelago">Sulu Archipelago</a> and <a href="/wiki/Jolo" title="Jolo">Jolo</a> in the Philippines and established Islam in the country through trade in several regions of the island. In 1390, <a href="/wiki/Minangkabau_people" title="Minangkabau people">Minangkabau</a> Prince <a href="/wiki/Rajah_Baguinda" title="Rajah Baguinda">Rajah Baguinda</a> and his followers preached Islam on the islands.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Hernandez_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hernandez-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Sheik_Karimol_Makhdum_Mosque" class="mw-redirect" title="Sheik Karimol Makhdum Mosque">Sheik Karimol Makhdum Mosque</a> was the first mosque established in the Philippines on <a href="/wiki/Simunul,_Tawi-Tawi" class="mw-redirect" title="Simunul, Tawi-Tawi">Simunul</a> in <a href="/wiki/Mindanao" title="Mindanao">Mindanao</a> in the 14th century.<sup id="cite_ref-Hernandez_17-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hernandez-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Subsequent settlements by Indian Muslim missionaries traveling to <a href="/wiki/Malaysia" title="Malaysia">Malaysia</a> and <a href="/wiki/Indonesia" title="Indonesia">Indonesia</a> helped strengthen Islam in the Philippines and each settlement was governed by a <a href="/wiki/Datu" title="Datu">datu</a>, <a href="/wiki/Raja" title="Raja">rajah</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sultan" title="Sultan">sultan</a>. Islam was introduced by <a href="/wiki/Islam_in_China" title="Islam in China">Chinese Muslims</a>, <a href="/wiki/Islam_in_India" title="Islam in India">Indian Muslims</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Persians" title="Persians">Persians</a>. Islamic provinces founded in the Philippines included the Sunni <a href="/wiki/Sultanate_of_Maguindanao" title="Sultanate of Maguindanao">Sultanate of Maguindanao</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sultanate_of_Sulu" title="Sultanate of Sulu">Sultanate of Sulu</a>, Sultanate of Lanao and other parts of the southern Philippines. </p><p>When the Spanish fleet led by <a href="/wiki/Miguel_L%C3%B3pez_de_Legazpi" title="Miguel López de Legazpi">Miguel López de Legazpi</a> arrived in the Philippines in 1565, they were met by local datus as they traveled in the islands. Arriving in the <a href="/wiki/Maynila_(historical_polity)" title="Maynila (historical polity)">Maynila</a> (now the Philippine capital of <a href="/wiki/Manila" title="Manila">Manila</a>), a vassal-state of the Sultanate of Brunei, in 1570 they were met by the Muslim rajah, <a href="/wiki/Rajah_Sulayman" title="Rajah Sulayman">Rajah Sulayman</a>. </p><p>By the next century conquests had reached the <a href="/wiki/Sulu" title="Sulu">Sulu</a> islands in the southern tip of the <a href="/wiki/Philippines" title="Philippines">Philippines</a> where the population was <a href="/wiki/Buddhism" title="Buddhism">Buddhist</a> and <a href="/wiki/Hinduism" title="Hinduism">Hindu</a> and they took up the task of converting the animistic population to Islam with renewed zeal. By the 15th century, half of <a href="/wiki/Luzon" title="Luzon">Luzon</a> (Northern Philippines) and the islands of <a href="/wiki/Mindanao" title="Mindanao">Mindanao</a> in the south had become subject to the various Muslim <a href="/wiki/Sultanates" class="mw-redirect" title="Sultanates">sultanates</a> of <a href="/wiki/Borneo" title="Borneo">Borneo</a> and much of the population in the almost of <a href="/wiki/Mindanao" title="Mindanao">South</a> were converted to Islam. However, the <a href="/wiki/Visayas" title="Visayas">Visayas</a> was largely dominated by <a href="/wiki/Hinduism_in_the_Philippines#Pre-contact_period" title="Hinduism in the Philippines">Hindu</a>-<a href="/wiki/Buddhism_in_the_Philippines#Pre-colonial_period" title="Buddhism in the Philippines">Buddhist</a> societies led by <a href="/wiki/Rajah" class="mw-redirect" title="Rajah">rajahs</a> and <a href="/wiki/Datu#Datu_in_Pre-colonial_Principalities_in_the_Visayas" title="Datu">datus</a> who strongly resisted <a href="/wiki/Islam" title="Islam">Islam</a>. One reason could be the economic and political disasters preeuropean <a href="/wiki/Moro_Pirates" class="mw-redirect" title="Moro Pirates">Muslim pirates</a> from the Mindanao region brought during raids. These frequent attacks gave way to naming present-day <a href="/wiki/Cebu" title="Cebu">Cebu</a> as then-<i>Sugbo</i> or scorched earth which was a defensive technique implemented by the <a href="/wiki/Visayans" title="Visayans">Visayans</a> so the pirates had nothing much to loot.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Influences_of_Zheng_He's_voyages"><span id="Influences_of_Zheng_He.27s_voyages"></span>Influences of Zheng He's voyages</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Islam_in_the_Philippines&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Influences of Zheng He's voyages"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Stamps_of_Indonesia,_026-05.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Stamps_of_Indonesia%2C_026-05.jpg/220px-Stamps_of_Indonesia%2C_026-05.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="135" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Stamps_of_Indonesia%2C_026-05.jpg/330px-Stamps_of_Indonesia%2C_026-05.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Stamps_of_Indonesia%2C_026-05.jpg/440px-Stamps_of_Indonesia%2C_026-05.jpg 2x" data-file-width="499" data-file-height="306" /></a><figcaption>Stamp of <a href="/wiki/Indonesia" title="Indonesia">Indonesia</a> commemorating <a href="/wiki/Zheng_He" title="Zheng He">Zheng He</a>'s voyages to secure the maritime routes, usher urbanization and assist in creating a common identity</figcaption></figure> <p>The Chinese Muslim <a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Chinese_navy" class="mw-redirect" title="History of the Chinese navy">mariner</a> <a href="/wiki/Zheng_He" title="Zheng He">Zheng He</a> is credited with founding several Chinese Muslim communities during <a href="/wiki/China" title="China">China</a>'s <a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Ming_dynasty" title="History of the Ming dynasty">early Ming dynasty</a>. <sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Bruneian_conquest_(16th_century)"><span id="Bruneian_conquest_.2816th_century.29"></span>Bruneian conquest (16th century)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Islam_in_the_Philippines&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Bruneian conquest (16th century)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In the year 1498–99, the <a href="/wiki/Bruneian_Sultanate_(1368%E2%80%931888)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bruneian Sultanate (1368–1888)">Bruneian Empire</a> conducted a series of raids against the natives of the <a href="/wiki/Taytay,_Palawan" title="Taytay, Palawan">Taytay</a> in <a href="/wiki/Palawan" title="Palawan">Palawan</a> and the island of <a href="/wiki/Mindoro" title="Mindoro">Mindoro</a> which had been subjugated to the Islamic Bruneian Empire under Sultan <a href="/wiki/Bolkiah" title="Bolkiah">Bolkiah</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Brunei_territories_(1500).png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Brunei_territories_%281500%29.png/220px-Brunei_territories_%281500%29.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="110" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Brunei_territories_%281500%29.png/330px-Brunei_territories_%281500%29.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Brunei_territories_%281500%29.png/440px-Brunei_territories_%281500%29.png 2x" data-file-width="1920" data-file-height="960" /></a><figcaption>The extent of the Bruneian Empire and the spread of Islam in Southeast Asia in the 15th century</figcaption></figure> <p>Furthermore, Sultan Bolkiah's victory over Sulu,<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> as well as his marriages to Laila Menchanai the daughter of Sulu Sultan Amir al-Ombra (an uncle of Sharifa Mahandun married to Nakhoda Angging or Maharaja Anddin of Sulu), and to the daughter of Datu Kemin, widened Brunei's influence in the Philippines.<sup id="cite_ref-cia_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cia-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In Luzon, a new dynasty in Maynila began under a local leader who accepted <a href="/wiki/Islam" title="Islam">Islam</a> and became <a href="/wiki/Rajah_Salalila" title="Rajah Salalila">Rajah Salalila</a> who created a union through his marriage to the daughter of Sultan Bolkiah and Puteri Laila Menchanai of Sulu, which established Brunei's influence in the region. He also started to established a trading challenge to the already rich House of Lakandula in Tondo. Islam was further strengthened by the arrival of Muslim traders and from Jolo, Mindanao, Malaysia, and Indonesia.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Spanish_encounter">Spanish encounter</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Islam_in_the_Philippines&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Spanish encounter"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Rajah_Sulayman" title="Rajah Sulayman">Rajah Sulayman</a> was the Rajah of Maynila, a polity at the mouth of the <a href="/wiki/Pasig_River" title="Pasig River">Pasig River</a> where it meets <a href="/wiki/Manila_Bay" title="Manila Bay">Manila Bay</a>, at the time the <a href="/wiki/Spain" title="Spain">Spanish</a> forces first came to Luzon.<sup id="cite_ref-JoaquinManila_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-JoaquinManila-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-ScottBarangay_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ScottBarangay-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-inarticulate_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-inarticulate-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Sulayman resisted the Spanish forces, and thus, along with <a href="/wiki/Rajah_Matanda" title="Rajah Matanda">Rajah Matanda</a> and <a href="/wiki/Lakan_Dula" class="mw-redirect" title="Lakan Dula">Lakan Dula</a>, was one of three Rajahs who played significant roles in what was the Spanish conquest of their polities of the Pasig River delta in the early 1570s.<sup id="cite_ref-Globalpinoy_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Globalpinoy-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Moro_people" title="Moro people">Moro</a> (derived from the <a href="/wiki/Spanish_language" title="Spanish language">Spanish</a> word meaning <i>Moors</i>) is the appellation inherited from the <a href="/wiki/Spaniards" title="Spaniards">Spaniards</a>, for Filipino Muslims of Mindanao. The Spanish distinguished the Moro from the <i>Indios</i>, which referred to the Christianised people of Luzon and the Visayas. Islam continued to spread in Mindanao, from centers such as Sulu and Cotabato.<sup id="cite_ref-Abinales_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Abinales-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Muslims seek to establish an independent Islamic province in Mindanao to be named <a href="/wiki/Bangsamoro" title="Bangsamoro">Bangsamoro</a>. The term <i>Bangsamoro</i> is a combination of an <a href="/wiki/Old_Malay_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Old Malay language">Old Malay</a> word meaning <i>nation</i> or <i>state</i> with the <a href="/wiki/Spanish_language" title="Spanish language">Spanish</a> word <i>Moro</i> which means <i>Muslim</i>. A significant <a href="/wiki/Moro_Rebellion" title="Moro Rebellion">Moro Rebellion</a> occurred during the <a href="/wiki/Philippine%E2%80%93American_War" title="Philippine–American War">Philippine–American War</a>. Conflicts and rebellion have continued in the Philippines from the pre-colonial period up to the <a href="/wiki/Peace_process_with_the_Bangsamoro_in_the_Philippines" class="mw-redirect" title="Peace process with the Bangsamoro in the Philippines">present</a>. Other related issue with the Moro secession is the <a href="/wiki/North_Borneo_dispute" title="North Borneo dispute">territorial dispute</a> of eastern <a href="/wiki/Sabah" title="Sabah">Sabah</a> in <a href="/wiki/Malaysia" title="Malaysia">Malaysia</a> which claimed by the <a href="/wiki/Sultanate_of_Sulu" title="Sultanate of Sulu">Sultanate of Sulu</a> as their territory. </p><p>The Moros have a history of resistance against Spanish, American, and Japanese rule for over 400 years. The violent armed struggle against the <a href="/wiki/Spanish%E2%80%93Moro_Wars" class="mw-redirect" title="Spanish–Moro Wars">Spanish</a>, <a href="/wiki/Moro_Rebellion" title="Moro Rebellion">Americans</a>, <a href="/wiki/Moros_during_World_War_II" title="Moros during World War II">Japanese</a> and <a href="/wiki/Moro_insurgency_in_the_Philippines" class="mw-redirect" title="Moro insurgency in the Philippines">Filipinos</a> is considered by current Moro (Muslim) leaders as part of the four centuries long "national liberation movement" of the Bangsamoro (Muslim Nation).<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The 400-year-long resistance against the Japanese, Filipinos, Americans, and Spanish by the Moro/Muslims persisted and morphed into their current war for independence against the Philippine state.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Muslim leaders in Zamboanga petitioned the <a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Empire" title="Ottoman Empire">Ottoman Empire</a> to send a representative to advise them on religious matters. A scholar from the <a href="/wiki/Shaykh_al-Isl%C4%81m" title="Shaykh al-Islām">Shaykh al-Islām</a> was sent in response.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Modern_age">Modern age</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Islam_in_the_Philippines&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Modern age"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 2012, research was conducted on various cultural properties in Islamic areas in Mindanao. The research included the 'Maradika' Qur'an of Bayang, description of the notes found in the Qur'an of Bayang, the Qur'an and Islamic manuscripts of the Sheikh Ahmad Bashir collection, the 'Dibolodan' Qur'an of Bacong in Marantao, the Qur'an and prayer scroll of Guro sa Masiu in Taraka, the 'Story of the Prophet Muhammad' at the Growing Memorial Research Center of the Dansalan College, and the Islamic Manuscript Art of the Philippines. In 2014, the Maradika Qur'an of Bayang was declared as a <i>National Cultural Treasure</i>, the first Islamic manuscript in the Philippines to be declared as such.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Bangsa_Sug_and_Bangsa_Moro">Bangsa Sug and Bangsa Moro</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Islam_in_the_Philippines&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Bangsa Sug and Bangsa Moro"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 2018, a unification gathering of all the sultans of the Sulu archipelago and representatives from all ethnic communities in the Sulu archipelago commenced in <a href="/wiki/Zamboanga_City" title="Zamboanga City">Zamboanga City</a>, declaring themselves as the <i>Bangsa Sug</i> peoples and separating them from the <i>Bangsa Moro</i> peoples of mainland central Mindanao. They cited the complete difference in cultures and customary ways of life as the primary reason for their separation from the Muslims of mainland central Mindanao. They also called the government to establish a separate Philippine state, called <i>Bangsa Sug</i>, from mainland Bangsa Moro or to incorporate the Sulu archipelago to whatever state is formed in the Zamboanga peninsula, if ever federalism in the Philippines is approved in the coming years.<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Balik_Islam">Balik Islam</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Islam_in_the_Philippines&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Balik Islam"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>There is also a growing community of Filipino converts to Islam, known popularly as <i>Balik Islam</i> (return or returnees to Islam), often led by former Christian missionary converts.<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Daru_Jambangan.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Daru_Jambangan.jpg/280px-Daru_Jambangan.jpg" decoding="async" width="280" height="113" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Daru_Jambangan.jpg/420px-Daru_Jambangan.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Daru_Jambangan.jpg/560px-Daru_Jambangan.jpg 2x" data-file-width="977" data-file-height="394" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Daru_Jambangan" class="mw-redirect" title="Daru Jambangan">Daru Jambangan</a> (Palace of Flowers) in <a href="/wiki/Maimbung,_Sulu" class="mw-redirect" title="Maimbung, Sulu">Maimbung, Sulu</a> before it was destroyed by a typhoon in 1932. It used to be the largest royal palace built in the Philippines. A campaign to faithfully re-establish it in the town of Maimbung has been ongoing since 1933. A very small replica of the palace was made in a nearby town in the 2010s, but it was noted that the replica does not mean that the campaign to reconstruct the palace in Maimbung has stopped as the replica does not manifest the true essence of a Sulu royal palace. In 2013, Maimbung was officially designated as the royal capital of the <a href="/wiki/Sultanate_of_Sulu" title="Sultanate of Sulu">Sultanate of Sulu</a> by the remaining members of the Sulu royal family. Almost all Sulu royals who have died since the 19th century up to the present have been buried around the palace grounds.<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></figcaption></figure><p> At the end of 2014, the <a href="/wiki/National_Commission_on_Muslim_Filipinos" title="National Commission on Muslim Filipinos">NCMF</a> estimated that there were 200,000–2,000,000 Filipinos who had converted to Islam since the 1970s.<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bangsamoro_Region">Bangsamoro Region</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Islam_in_the_Philippines&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Bangsamoro Region"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Bangsamoro" title="Bangsamoro">Bangsamoro</a></div> <p>Most Muslims in the Philippines live on the island of <a href="/wiki/Mindanao" title="Mindanao">Mindanao</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Sulu_Archipelago" title="Sulu Archipelago">Sulu Archipelago</a> and <a href="/wiki/Palawan" title="Palawan">Palawan</a>, also known collectively as MINSUPALA. The <a href="/wiki/Bangsamoro" title="Bangsamoro">Bangsamoro Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao (BARMM)</a> is the <a href="/wiki/Regions_of_the_Philippines" title="Regions of the Philippines">region</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Philippines" title="Philippines">Philippines</a> that is composed of all the Philippines' predominantly Muslim <a href="/wiki/Provinces_of_the_Philippines" title="Provinces of the Philippines">provinces</a>, namely: <a href="/wiki/Basilan" title="Basilan">Basilan</a> (except <a href="/wiki/Isabela,_Basilan" title="Isabela, Basilan">Isabela City</a>), <a href="/wiki/Lanao_del_Sur" title="Lanao del Sur">Lanao del Sur</a>, <a href="/wiki/Maguindanao" title="Maguindanao">Maguindanao</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sulu_Province" class="mw-redirect" title="Sulu Province">Sulu</a> and <a href="/wiki/Tawi-Tawi" title="Tawi-Tawi">Tawi-Tawi</a>. It also comprised the <a href="/wiki/Cities_of_the_Philippines" title="Cities of the Philippines">cities</a> of <a href="/wiki/Marawi" title="Marawi">Marawi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lamitan" title="Lamitan">Lamitan</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Cotabato_City" title="Cotabato City">Cotabato City</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Bangsamoro_barangays_in_Cotabato" class="mw-redirect" title="Bangsamoro barangays in Cotabato">63</a> <a href="/wiki/Barangay" title="Barangay">Barangays</a> in <a href="/wiki/Cotabato" title="Cotabato">North Cotabato</a> who opted to join the <a href="/wiki/Autonomous_administrative_division" title="Autonomous administrative division">autonomous region</a>. It is the only <a href="/wiki/Regions_of_the_Philippines" title="Regions of the Philippines">region</a> that has its own government. The regional capital is at <a href="/wiki/Cotabato_City" title="Cotabato City">Cotabato City</a>, which is outside the jurisdiction of the former and defunct <a href="/wiki/Autonomous_Region_in_Muslim_Mindanao" title="Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao">Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao (ARMM)</a> but is now part of the <a href="/wiki/Bangsamoro" title="Bangsamoro">Bangsamoro</a> <a href="/wiki/Regions_of_the_Philippines" title="Regions of the Philippines">region</a> after the majority of the residents voted in favor for their inclusion in the autonomous region in the <a href="/wiki/2019_Bangsamoro_autonomy_plebiscite" title="2019 Bangsamoro autonomy plebiscite">ratification</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Bangsamoro_Organic_Law" title="Bangsamoro Organic Law">Bangsamoro Organic Law</a> on January 21, 2019.<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Other provinces and regions with large Muslim populations as well have a significant history with Moro/Muslims include <a href="/wiki/Metro_Manila" title="Metro Manila">Metro Manila</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cavite" title="Cavite">Cavite</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rizal_(province)" title="Rizal (province)">Rizal</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bulacan" title="Bulacan">Bulacan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bicol_Region" title="Bicol Region">Bicol Region</a>, <a href="/wiki/Metro_Cebu" title="Metro Cebu">Metro Cebu</a>, <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Visayas" title="Eastern Visayas">Eastern Visayas</a>, southern <a href="/wiki/Palawan" title="Palawan">Palawan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Soccsksargen" title="Soccsksargen">Soccsksargen</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lanao_del_Norte" title="Lanao del Norte">Lanao del Norte</a>, <a href="/wiki/Davao_City" title="Davao City">Davao City</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Zamboanga_Peninsula" title="Zamboanga Peninsula">Zamboanga Peninsula</a>. However, these are not part of the Bangsamoro region. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Demographics">Demographics</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Islam_in_the_Philippines&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Demographics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Moro_people" title="Moro people">Moro people</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ethnic_groups_in_the_Philippines" title="Ethnic groups in the Philippines">Ethnic groups in the Philippines</a></div> <p>The predominantly Muslim <a href="/wiki/Ethnic_groups_in_the_Philippines" title="Ethnic groups in the Philippines">ethnolinguistic groups</a> of the Philippines are the <a href="/wiki/Iranun_people" title="Iranun people">Iranun</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jama_Mapun" class="mw-redirect" title="Jama Mapun">Jama Mapun</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kalagan_language" title="Kalagan language">Kalagan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Subanon_people" title="Subanon people">Kalibugan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Maguindanao_people" title="Maguindanao people">Maguindanao</a>, <a href="/wiki/Maranaw" class="mw-redirect" title="Maranaw">Maranao</a>, <a href="/wiki/Molbog_language" title="Molbog language">Molbog</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sama_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Sama people">Sama</a> (including the <a href="/wiki/Bajau_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Bajau people">Badjao</a>, <a href="/wiki/Banguingui_people" title="Banguingui people">Balanguingui</a>, and various <a href="/wiki/Tawi-Tawi" title="Tawi-Tawi">Tawi-Tawi</a> Sama groups), <a href="/wiki/Sangirese_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Sangirese people">Sangil</a>, <a href="/wiki/Taus%C5%ABg_people" title="Tausūg people">Tausūg</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Yakan_people" title="Yakan people">Yakan</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Muslims who were formerly Christians and animists are called the <i>balik-Islam.</i> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Table">Table</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Islam_in_the_Philippines&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Table"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable sortable"> <caption>Muslim population by regions, provinces and highly urbanized city according to the 2020 census<sup id="cite_ref-:0_1-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th><b>Region, province and city</b> </th> <th><b>Muslims</b> </th> <th><b>Total</b> </th> <th><b>% Muslims</b> </th></tr> <tr> <td><b>Philippines</b> </td> <td><b>6,981,710</b> </td> <td><b>108,667,043</b> </td> <td><b>6.42%</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td><b><a href="/wiki/Metro_Manila" title="Metro Manila">National Capital Region</a></b> </td> <td><b>173,346</b> </td> <td><b>13,403,551</b> </td> <td><b>1.29%</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Manila" title="Manila">Manila</a> </td> <td>41,176 </td> <td>1,837,785 </td> <td>2.24% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Mandaluyong" title="Mandaluyong">Mandaluyong</a> </td> <td>1,854 </td> <td>419,333 </td> <td>0.44% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Marikina" title="Marikina">Marikina</a> </td> <td>2,058 </td> <td>452,961 </td> <td>0.46% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Pasig" title="Pasig">Pasig</a> </td> <td>9,805 </td> <td>801,439 </td> <td>1.22% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Quezon_City" title="Quezon City">Quezon City</a> </td> <td>36,599 </td> <td>2,950,493 </td> <td>1.24% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/San_Juan,_Metro_Manila" title="San Juan, Metro Manila">San Juan City</a> </td> <td>2,267 </td> <td>124,699 </td> <td>1.82% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Caloocan" title="Caloocan">Caloocan</a> </td> <td>9,611 </td> <td>1,659,025 </td> <td>0.58% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Malabon" title="Malabon">Malabon</a> </td> <td>732 </td> <td>379,463 </td> <td>0.19% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Navotas" title="Navotas">Navotas</a> </td> <td>416 </td> <td>246,743 </td> <td>0.17% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Valenzuela,_Metro_Manila" title="Valenzuela, Metro Manila">Valenzuela</a> </td> <td>2,100 </td> <td>713,181 </td> <td>0.29% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Las_Pi%C3%B1as" title="Las Piñas">Las Piñas</a> </td> <td>4,006 </td> <td>604,283 </td> <td>0.66% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Makati" title="Makati">Makati</a> </td> <td>3,273 </td> <td>624,032 </td> <td>0.52% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Muntinlupa" title="Muntinlupa">Muntinlupa</a> </td> <td>5,184 </td> <td>519,112 </td> <td>1.00% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Para%C3%B1aque" title="Parañaque">Parañaque</a> </td> <td>8,781 </td> <td>686,313 </td> <td>1.28% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Pasay" title="Pasay">Pasay</a> </td> <td>5,659 </td> <td>437,003 </td> <td>1.29% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Taguig" title="Taguig">Taguig</a> </td> <td>39,605 </td> <td>882,622 </td> <td>4.48% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Pateros" title="Pateros">Pateros</a> </td> <td>220 </td> <td>65,064 </td> <td>0.34% </td></tr> <tr> <td><b><a href="/wiki/Cordillera_Administrative_Region" title="Cordillera Administrative Region">Cordillera Administrative Region</a></b> </td> <td><b>5,817</b> </td> <td><b>1,791,121</b> </td> <td><b>0.32%</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Abra_(province)" title="Abra (province)">Abra</a> </td> <td>255 </td> <td>250,309 </td> <td>0.10% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Apayao" title="Apayao">Apayao</a> </td> <td>51 </td> <td>123,937 </td> <td>0.04% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Benguet" title="Benguet">Benguet</a> </td> <td>792 </td> <td>459,468 </td> <td>0.17% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Baguio" title="Baguio">Baguio City</a> </td> <td>3,935 </td> <td>363,151 </td> <td>1.08% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Ifugao" title="Ifugao">Ifugao</a> </td> <td>91 </td> <td>207,130 </td> <td>0.04% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Kalinga_(province)" title="Kalinga (province)">Kalinga</a> </td> <td>633 </td> <td>229,328 </td> <td>0.28% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Mountain_Province" title="Mountain Province">Mountain Province</a> </td> <td>60 </td> <td>157,798 </td> <td>0.04% </td></tr> <tr> <td><b><a href="/wiki/Ilocos_Region" title="Ilocos Region">Ilocos Region</a></b> </td> <td><b>12,475</b> </td> <td><b>5,292,297</b> </td> <td><b>0.24%</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Ilocos_Norte" title="Ilocos Norte">Ilocos Norte</a> </td> <td>1,489 </td> <td>608,508 </td> <td>0.24% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Ilocos_Sur" title="Ilocos Sur">Ilocos Sur</a> </td> <td>1,932 </td> <td>704,218 </td> <td>0.27% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/La_Union" title="La Union">La Union</a> </td> <td>2,021 </td> <td>820,343 </td> <td>0.25% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Pangasinan" title="Pangasinan">Pangasinan</a> </td> <td>7,033 </td> <td>3,159,228 </td> <td>0.22% </td></tr> <tr> <td><b><a href="/wiki/Cagayan_Valley" title="Cagayan Valley">Cagayan Valley</a></b> </td> <td><b>7,249</b> </td> <td><b>3,679,748</b> </td> <td><b>0.20%</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Batanes" title="Batanes">Batanes</a> </td> <td>1 </td> <td>18,593 </td> <td>0.01% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Cagayan" title="Cagayan">Cagayan</a> </td> <td>2,287 </td> <td>1,265,540 </td> <td>0.18% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Isabela_(province)" title="Isabela (province)">Isabela</a> </td> <td>3,453 </td> <td>1,695,539 </td> <td>0.20% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Nueva_Vizcaya" title="Nueva Vizcaya">Nueva Vizcaya</a> </td> <td>1,159 </td> <td>496,546 </td> <td>0.23% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Quirino" title="Quirino">Quirino</a> </td> <td>349 </td> <td>203,530 </td> <td>0.17% </td></tr> <tr> <td><b><a href="/wiki/Central_Luzon" title="Central Luzon">Central Luzon</a></b> </td> <td><b>46,588</b> </td> <td><b>12,387,811</b> </td> <td><b>0.38%</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Aurora_(province)" title="Aurora (province)">Aurora</a> </td> <td>687 </td> <td>234,991 </td> <td>0.29% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Bataan" title="Bataan">Bataan</a> </td> <td>3,477 </td> <td>849,575 </td> <td>0.41% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Bulacan" title="Bulacan">Bulacan</a> </td> <td>13,306 </td> <td>3,696,937 </td> <td>0.36% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Nueva_Ecija" title="Nueva Ecija">Nueva Ecija</a> </td> <td>5,729 </td> <td>2,306,751 </td> <td>0.25% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Pampanga" title="Pampanga">Pampanga</a> </td> <td>6,160 </td> <td>2,433,144 </td> <td>0.25% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Tarlac" title="Tarlac">Tarlac</a> </td> <td>4,168 </td> <td>1,499,064 </td> <td>0.28% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Zambales" title="Zambales">Zambales</a> </td> <td>5,594 </td> <td>647,545 </td> <td>0.86% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Olongapo" title="Olongapo">Olongapo City</a> </td> <td>2,359 </td> <td>258,639 </td> <td>0.91% </td></tr> <tr> <td><b><a href="/wiki/Calabarzon" title="Calabarzon">CALABARZON</a></b> </td> <td><b>80,057</b> </td> <td><b>16,139,770</b> </td> <td><b>0.50%</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Batangas" title="Batangas">Batangas</a> </td> <td>10,944 </td> <td>2,902,855 </td> <td>0.38% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Cavite" title="Cavite">Cavite</a> </td> <td>34,969 </td> <td>4,318,663 </td> <td>0.81% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Laguna_(province)" title="Laguna (province)">Laguna</a> </td> <td>12,329 </td> <td>3,373,136 </td> <td>0.37% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Quezon" title="Quezon">Quezon</a> </td> <td>2,418 </td> <td>1,945,444 </td> <td>0.12% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Lucena" title="Lucena">Lucena City</a> </td> <td>1,753 </td> <td>278,347 </td> <td>0.63% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Rizal_(province)" title="Rizal (province)">Rizal</a> </td> <td>17,644 </td> <td>3,321,325 </td> <td>0.53% </td></tr> <tr> <td><b><a href="/wiki/Mimaropa" title="Mimaropa">Southwestern Tagalog</a></b> </td> <td><b>113,288</b> </td> <td><b>3,212,287</b> </td> <td><b>3.53%</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Marinduque" title="Marinduque">Marinduque</a> </td> <td>227 </td> <td>238,830 </td> <td>0.10% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Occidental_Mindoro" title="Occidental Mindoro">Occidental Mindoro</a> </td> <td>608 </td> <td>521,444 </td> <td>0.12% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Oriental_Mindoro" title="Oriental Mindoro">Oriental Mindoro</a> </td> <td>2,103 </td> <td>906,661 </td> <td>0.23% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Palawan" title="Palawan">Palawan</a> </td> <td>101,235 </td> <td>934,669 </td> <td>10.83% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Puerto_Princesa" title="Puerto Princesa">Puerto Princesa City</a> </td> <td>8,887 </td> <td>302,611 </td> <td>2.94% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Romblon" title="Romblon">Romblon</a> </td> <td>228 </td> <td>308,072 </td> <td>0.07% </td></tr> <tr> <td><b><a href="/wiki/Bicol_Region" title="Bicol Region">Bicol Region</a></b> </td> <td><b>9,090</b> </td> <td><b>6,067,290</b> </td> <td><b>0.15%</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Albay" title="Albay">Albay</a> </td> <td>2,010 </td> <td>1,372,550 </td> <td>0.15% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Camarines_Norte" title="Camarines Norte">Camarines Norte</a> </td> <td>1,112 </td> <td>628,807 </td> <td>0.18% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Camarines_Sur" title="Camarines Sur">Camarines Sur</a> </td> <td>3,021 </td> <td>2,062,277 </td> <td>0.15% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Catanduanes" title="Catanduanes">Catanduanes</a> </td> <td>322 </td> <td>270,775 </td> <td>0.12% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Masbate" title="Masbate">Masbate</a> </td> <td>1,304 </td> <td>906,731 </td> <td>0.14% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Sorsogon" title="Sorsogon">Sorsogon</a> </td> <td>1,321 </td> <td>826,150 </td> <td>0.16% </td></tr> <tr> <td><b><a href="/wiki/Western_Visayas" title="Western Visayas">Western Visayas</a></b> </td> <td><b>9,784</b> </td> <td><b>7,935,531</b> </td> <td><b>0.12%</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Aklan" title="Aklan">Aklan</a> </td> <td>2,609 </td> <td>612,985 </td> <td>0.43% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Antique" title="Antique">Antique</a> </td> <td>1,020 </td> <td>611,478 </td> <td>0.17% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Capiz" title="Capiz">Capiz</a> </td> <td>373 </td> <td>803,879 </td> <td>0.05% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Guimaras" title="Guimaras">Guimaras</a> </td> <td>118 </td> <td>187,576 </td> <td>0.06% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Iloilo" title="Iloilo">Iloilo</a> </td> <td>1,339 </td> <td>2,048,039 </td> <td>0.07% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Iloilo_City" title="Iloilo City">Iloilo City</a> </td> <td>1,128 </td> <td>455,287 </td> <td>0.25% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Negros_Occidental" title="Negros Occidental">Negros Occidental</a> </td> <td>1,778 </td> <td>2,618,672 </td> <td>0.07% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Bacolod" title="Bacolod">Bacolod City</a> </td> <td>1,419 </td> <td>597,615 </td> <td>0.24% </td></tr> <tr> <td><b><a href="/wiki/Central_Visayas" title="Central Visayas">Central Visayas</a></b> </td> <td><b>16,412</b> </td> <td><b>8,046,285</b> </td> <td><b>0.20%</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Bohol" title="Bohol">Bohol</a> </td> <td>2,547 </td> <td>1,390,524 </td> <td>0.18% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Cebu" title="Cebu">Cebu</a> </td> <td>2,812 </td> <td>3,309,850 </td> <td>0.08% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Cebu_City" title="Cebu City">Cebu City</a> </td> <td>3,462 </td> <td>958,626 </td> <td>0.36% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Lapu-Lapu_City" title="Lapu-Lapu City">Lapu-Lapu City</a> </td> <td>4,650 </td> <td>494,672 </td> <td>0.94% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Mandaue" title="Mandaue">Mandaue City</a> </td> <td>1,031 </td> <td>361,051 </td> <td>0.29% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Negros_Oriental" title="Negros Oriental">Negros Oriental</a> </td> <td>1,786 </td> <td>1,428,548 </td> <td>0.13% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Siquijor" title="Siquijor">Siquijor</a> </td> <td>124 </td> <td>103,014 </td> <td>0.12% </td></tr> <tr> <td><b><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Visayas" title="Eastern Visayas">Eastern Visayas</a></b> </td> <td><b>5,568</b> </td> <td><b>4,531,512</b> </td> <td><b>0.12%</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Biliran" title="Biliran">Biliran</a> </td> <td>462 </td> <td>178,715 </td> <td>0.26% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Samar" title="Eastern Samar">Eastern Samar</a> </td> <td>352 </td> <td>475,847 </td> <td>0.07% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Leyte_(province)" title="Leyte (province)">Leyte</a> </td> <td>2,160 </td> <td>1,771,011 </td> <td>0.12% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Tacloban" title="Tacloban">Tacloban City</a> </td> <td>589 </td> <td>249,415 </td> <td>0.24% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Northern_Samar" title="Northern Samar">Northern Samar</a> </td> <td>524 </td> <td>636,995 </td> <td>0.08% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Western_Samar" class="mw-redirect" title="Western Samar">Western Samar</a> </td> <td>697 </td> <td>791,045 </td> <td>0.09% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Southern_Leyte" title="Southern Leyte">Southern Leyte</a> </td> <td>784 </td> <td>428,484 </td> <td>0.18% </td></tr> <tr> <td><b><a href="/wiki/Zamboanga_Peninsula" title="Zamboanga Peninsula">Zamboanga Peninsula</a></b> </td> <td><b>703,823</b> </td> <td><b>3,862,588</b> </td> <td><b>18.22%</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Zamboanga_del_Norte" title="Zamboanga del Norte">Zamboanga del Norte</a> </td> <td>73,555 </td> <td>1,046,017 </td> <td>7.03% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Zamboanga_del_Sur" title="Zamboanga del Sur">Zamboanga del Sur</a> </td> <td>72,363 </td> <td>1,048,402 </td> <td>6.90% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Zamboanga_City" title="Zamboanga City">Zamboanga City</a> </td> <td>364,646 </td> <td>969,391 </td> <td>37.62% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Zamboanga_Sibugay" title="Zamboanga Sibugay">Zamboanga Sibugay</a> </td> <td>106,587 </td> <td>668,648 </td> <td>15.94% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Isabela,_Basilan" title="Isabela, Basilan">Isabela de Basilan</a> </td> <td>86,672 </td> <td>130,130 </td> <td>66.60% </td></tr> <tr> <td><b><a href="/wiki/Northern_Mindanao" title="Northern Mindanao">Northern Mindanao</a></b> </td> <td><b>423,317</b> </td> <td><b>5,007,798</b> </td> <td><b>8.45%</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Bukidnon" title="Bukidnon">Bukidnon</a> </td> <td>24,000 </td> <td>1,537,629 </td> <td>1.56% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Camiguin" title="Camiguin">Camiguin</a> </td> <td>234 </td> <td>92,696 </td> <td>0.25% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Lanao_del_Norte" title="Lanao del Norte">Lanao del Norte</a> </td> <td>328,468 </td> <td>721,716 </td> <td>45.51% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Iligan" title="Iligan">Iligan City</a> </td> <td>43,550 </td> <td>362,182 </td> <td>12.02% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Misamis_Occidental" title="Misamis Occidental">Misamis Occidental</a> </td> <td>1,757 </td> <td>614,951 </td> <td>0.29% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Misamis_Oriental" title="Misamis Oriental">Misamis Oriental</a> </td> <td>7,711 </td> <td>954,953 </td> <td>0.81% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Cagayan_de_Oro" title="Cagayan de Oro">Cagayan de Oro City</a> </td> <td>17,597 </td> <td>723,671 </td> <td>2.43% </td></tr> <tr> <td><b><a href="/wiki/Davao_Region" title="Davao Region">Davao Region</a></b> </td> <td><b>185,248</b> </td> <td><b>5,223,802</b> </td> <td><b>3.55%</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Davao_de_Oro" title="Davao de Oro">Compostela Valley</a> </td> <td>18,296 </td> <td>766,299 </td> <td>2.39% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Davao_del_Norte" title="Davao del Norte">Davao del Norte</a> </td> <td>27,702 </td> <td>1,115,167 </td> <td>2.48% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Davao_del_Sur" title="Davao del Sur">Davao del Sur</a> </td> <td>17,937 </td> <td>679,457 </td> <td>2.64% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Davao_City" title="Davao City">Davao City</a> </td> <td>69,122 </td> <td>1,770,988 </td> <td>3.90% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Davao_Occidental" title="Davao Occidental">Davao Occidental</a> </td> <td>17,236 </td> <td>316,907 </td> <td>5.44% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Davao_Oriental" title="Davao Oriental">Davao Oriental</a> </td> <td>34,955 </td> <td>574,984 </td> <td>6.08% </td></tr> <tr> <td><b><a href="/wiki/Soccsksargen" title="Soccsksargen">SOCCSKSARGEN</a></b> </td> <td><b>685,702</b> </td> <td><b>4,351,773</b> </td> <td><b>15.76%</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/North_Cotabato" class="mw-redirect" title="North Cotabato">North Cotabato</a> </td> <td>246,006 </td> <td>1,273,594 </td> <td>19.32% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/South_Cotabato" title="South Cotabato">South Cotabato</a> </td> <td>52,530 </td> <td>973,146 </td> <td>5.40% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/General_Santos" title="General Santos">General Santos City</a> </td> <td>67,914 </td> <td>695,410 </td> <td>9.77% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Sultan_Kudarat" title="Sultan Kudarat">Sultan Kudarat</a> </td> <td>257,723 </td> <td>851,554 </td> <td>30.27% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Sarangani" title="Sarangani">Sarangani</a> </td> <td>61,529 </td> <td>558,069 </td> <td>11.03% </td></tr> <tr> <td><b><a href="/wiki/Caraga" title="Caraga">Caraga Region</a></b> </td> <td><b>12,777</b> </td> <td><b>2,795,340</b> </td> <td><b>0.46%</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Agusan_del_Norte" title="Agusan del Norte">Agusan del Norte</a> </td> <td>1,563 </td> <td>386,211 </td> <td>0.40% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Butuan" title="Butuan">Butuan City</a> </td> <td>3,854 </td> <td>370,910 </td> <td>1.04% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Agusan_del_Sur" title="Agusan del Sur">Agusan del Sur</a> </td> <td>2,492 </td> <td>737,991 </td> <td>0.34% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Surigao_del_Norte" title="Surigao del Norte">Surigao del Norte</a> </td> <td>1,996 </td> <td>531,753 </td> <td>0.38% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Surigao_del_Sur" title="Surigao del Sur">Surigao del Sur</a> </td> <td>2,822 </td> <td>640,512 </td> <td>0.44% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Dinagat_Islands" title="Dinagat Islands">Dinagat Islands</a> </td> <td>50 </td> <td>127,963 </td> <td>0.04% </td></tr> <tr> <td><b><a href="/wiki/Bangsamoro" title="Bangsamoro">Bangsamoro Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao</a></b> </td> <td><b>4,491,169</b> </td> <td><b>4,938,539</b> </td> <td><b>90.94%</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Basilan" title="Basilan">Basilan</a> </td> <td>382,242 </td> <td>425,111 </td> <td>89.92% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Lanao_del_Sur" title="Lanao del Sur">Lanao del Sur</a> </td> <td>1,131,726 </td> <td>1,194,507 </td> <td>94.74% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Maguindanao" title="Maguindanao">Maguindanao</a> </td> <td>1,392,207 </td> <td>1,666,353 </td> <td>83.55% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Sulu" title="Sulu">Sulu</a> </td> <td>951,127 </td> <td>998,675 </td> <td>95.24% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Tawi-Tawi" title="Tawi-Tawi">Tawi-Tawi</a> </td> <td>426,403 </td> <td>438,545 </td> <td>97.23% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Special_Geographic_Area" title="Special Geographic Area">Special Geographic Area</a> </td> <td>207,464 </td> <td>215,348 </td> <td>96.34% </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Islamic_schools_of_thought_in_the_Philippines">Islamic schools of thought in the Philippines</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Islam_in_the_Philippines&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Islamic schools of thought in the Philippines"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sufism">Sufism</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Islam_in_the_Philippines&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Sufism"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Sufism_in_the_Philippines" title="Sufism in the Philippines">Sufism in the Philippines</a></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Sufism" title="Sufism">Sufism</a> was also brought through travelling merchants and often interspersed with the classical ASWJ. Representatives of this were the <i><a href="/wiki/Makhdoom" title="Makhdoom">makhdumin</a></i>, the first missionaries of Islam in the Philippines. Examples are the Darul Abdulqadir Jilani Dergah in Talon-Talon, <a href="/wiki/Zamboanga_City" title="Zamboanga City">Zamboanga City</a>, and the Maharlika Blue Mosque community in <a href="/wiki/Taguig" title="Taguig">Taguig City</a>. </p><p>There are already many practitioners of Sufism in the country from different social status. The orders or <i><a href="/wiki/Tariqa" title="Tariqa">tariqas</a></i> that are present in the country are: the Naqshbandi Aliya, Naqshbandi Chisti, Qadiri, Rifai, Shattari, Rifai Qadiri Shadhili, Tijani, and Khalwati. The Naqshbandi Aliya tariqa have the most followers, concentrated in Manila, Cebu, Zamboanga, Sulu, and Tawi-Tawi. There are also Sufis from the students and alumni of known universities, such as the <a href="/wiki/Ateneo_de_Manila_University" title="Ateneo de Manila University">Ateneo de Manila University</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Ateneo_de_Zamboanga_University" title="Ateneo de Zamboanga University">Ateneo de Zamboanga University</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Western_Mindanao_State_University" title="Western Mindanao State University">Western Mindanao State University</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Classical_Traditional_Southeast_Asian_Sufism_(Sufism)"><span id="Classical_Traditional_Southeast_Asian_Sufism_.28Sufism.29"></span>Classical Traditional Southeast Asian Sufism (Sufism)</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Islam_in_the_Philippines&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Classical Traditional Southeast Asian Sufism (Sufism)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Arrived during the early stages of Islam in <a href="/wiki/Southeast_Asia" title="Southeast Asia">Southeast Asia</a>, it was brought through travelling merchants and was often interspersed with <a href="/wiki/Sufism" title="Sufism">Sufism</a>. Adherents are required to follow one school of law (<i><a href="/wiki/Madhhab" title="Madhhab">madhhab</a></i>) as a guidance in their legal and daily affairs. </p><p>Generally, in <a href="/wiki/Southeast_Asia" title="Southeast Asia">Southeast Asia</a>, most adherents of the ASWJ follow the <a href="/wiki/Shafi%27i_school" title="Shafi'i school">Shafi'i school</a> of law, and the <a href="/wiki/Ash%27ari_school" class="mw-redirect" title="Ash'ari school">Ash'ari school</a> of theology. Examples are the Sabiel al-Muhtadien and Darul Makhdumin Madrasah, located in Zamboanga, <a href="/wiki/Basilan" title="Basilan">Basilan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sulu" title="Sulu">Sulu</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Tawi-Tawi" title="Tawi-Tawi">Tawi-Tawi</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Shi'ism"><span id="Shi.27ism"></span>Shi'ism</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Islam_in_the_Philippines&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Shi'ism"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The first Shi'as to arrive, together with the Sufis, were the <a href="/wiki/Isma%27ilism" class="mw-redirect" title="Isma'ilism">Isma'ilis</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Kaysanites" title="Kaysanites">Kaysaniyyas</a> (earlier offshoots of <a href="/wiki/Shia_Islam" title="Shia Islam">Shi'ism</a>), who eventually blended with the orthodox (<a href="/wiki/Sunni_islam" class="mw-redirect" title="Sunni islam">ASWJ</a>) Muslims. More Shi'as would later arrive at the height of the 1979 <a href="/wiki/Iranian_Revolution" class="mw-redirect" title="Iranian Revolution">Islamic Revolution</a> in <a href="/wiki/Iran" title="Iran">Iran</a>. Examples are the Masjid Imam Mahdi in Suterville, Zamboanga City, and the Masjid Karbala in <a href="/wiki/Marawi" title="Marawi">Marawi City</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Indigenous_Islam">Indigenous Islam</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Islam_in_the_Philippines&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Indigenous Islam"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Also referred to as, <i>Ilmu kamaasan</i>, <i>Ilmu kamatoahan</i>, <i>Ilmu sa Matoah</i>, and <i>Ilmu Minatoah</i> (knowledge of the elders), it is an <a href="/wiki/Folk_religion#Folk_Islam" title="Folk religion">indigenized amalgamation of Islam</a> from the preceding schools of thought and local cultural customs, this is actually contextualized and simplified according to how the elders have understood Islam and the process of Islamization of the communities. These are normally communities located in far rural areas. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Salafism">Salafism</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Islam_in_the_Philippines&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Salafism"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Also known as the <a href="/wiki/Athari" class="mw-redirect" title="Athari">Athari</a>, it is originally a school of thought from the <a href="/wiki/Hanbali_school" title="Hanbali school">Hanbali madhhab</a> otherwise referred to as Traditionalist theology or Scripturalist theology, it then became the deviated school of <a href="/wiki/Wahhabi" class="mw-redirect" title="Wahhabi">Wahhabi</a> Islam which is more puritanical in adherence to the Quran and Sunnah in the way of Salafu As-Salih. </p><p>This school of thought is notable for active propagation and conversion of people to Islam (<i>Balik Islam</i> phenomenon), marked intolerance for interfaith and intrafaith engagements, <sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-PBS_53-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-PBS-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Husain-wahhab_54-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Husain-wahhab-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Examples of these groups are the Mahad Moro, Mahad Salamat, and Mahad Quran wal Hadith Zamboanga City, the Mercy Foundation in Manila and Davao City, the Al-Maarif Educational Center in Baguio City, and the Jamiatul Waqf al-Islamie, and Jamiato Monib al-Kouzbary al-Arabiyah in Marawi City. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ash'ari_wal_Maturidi"><span id="Ash.27ari_wal_Maturidi"></span><i>Ash'ari wal Maturidi</i></h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Islam_in_the_Philippines&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Ash'ari wal Maturidi"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>This is the mainstream Sunni school of Islamic theology, founded by the Arab Muslim scholar, Shāfiʿī jurist, reformer (mujaddid), and scholastic theologian, <a href="/wiki/Abu_Hasan_al-Ash%27ari" class="mw-redirect" title="Abu Hasan al-Ash'ari">Abū al-Ḥasan al-Ashʿarī</a> in the 9th–10th century,<sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> with the Persian Muslim scholar, Ḥanafī jurist, reformer (mujaddid), and scholastic theologian <a href="/wiki/Abu_Mansur_al-Maturidi" title="Abu Mansur al-Maturidi">Abū Manṣūr al-Māturīdī</a> in the 9th–10th century,<sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> it established an orthodox guideline based on scriptural authority,<sup id="cite_ref-60" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> rationality, and theological rationalism.<sup id="cite_ref-61" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is also a school of theology supporting the use of reason and speculative theology (kalām) to defend the faith. </p><p>Almost 95% of Sunni around the world are <a href="/wiki/Ash%27arism" title="Ash'arism">Ash'ari</a> and <a href="/wiki/Maturidism" title="Maturidism">Maturidi</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-62" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They have a few educational institutions in the country, such as the Jamiatu Al-Hikmah<sup id="cite_ref-63" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> in <a href="/wiki/Mulondo,_Lanao_del_Sur" title="Mulondo, Lanao del Sur">Mulondo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lanao_del_Sur" title="Lanao del Sur">Lanao del Sur</a> and the Muhajireen wal Ansar Academy<sup id="cite_ref-64" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> in Taguig City as well as the 3 prominent ones namely, Darul Ifta Region 9 and Palawan, Sabiel al-Muhtadien and Darul Makhdumin Madrasah, located in Zamboanga, <a href="/wiki/Basilan" title="Basilan">Basilan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sulu" title="Sulu">Sulu</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Tawi-Tawi" title="Tawi-Tawi">Tawi-Tawi</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Tablighi_Jama'at"><span id="Tablighi_Jama.27at"></span><i>Tablighi Jama'at</i></h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Islam_in_the_Philippines&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Tablighi Jama'at"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <i><a href="/wiki/Tablighi_Jamaat" title="Tablighi Jamaat">Tablighi Jama'at</a></i> is a revivalist movement originated in South Asia, aiming at revitalizing Muslims’ practice of Islam. Politically neutral and tolerant, they are characterized by <i>khurūj</i> (regular traveling from one mosque to another) events to call people back to the mosque and pray, as well as their annual gatherings called <i><a href="/wiki/Ijtema" title="Ijtema">ijtema'at</a></i>. They are the most moderate, apolitical, and <a href="/wiki/Pacifism" title="Pacifism">pacifist</a> among the different Muslim groups. </p><p>Most Filipino <i>Tablighi Jama'at</i> members are <a href="/wiki/Ash%27ari" class="mw-redirect" title="Ash'ari">Ash'ari</a> and <a href="/wiki/Maturidi" class="mw-redirect" title="Maturidi">Maturidi</a> scholars, such as Sheikh Aminollah Mimbala Batua and Mawlana Mahdi Batua, as well as Filipino ASWJ scholars like Mawlana Dr. Abdullatif Cadhe Sirad. </p><p>They can be found in many mosques, most prominent is the Jama'at of Mawlana Mahdi Batua of the <a href="/wiki/Masjid_Al-Dahab" title="Masjid Al-Dahab">Masjid Al-Dahab</a> in <a href="/wiki/Quiapo,_Manila" title="Quiapo, Manila">Quiapo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Manila" title="Manila">Manila</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Nurcu"><i>Nurcu</i></h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Islam_in_the_Philippines&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Nurcu"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><i><a href="/wiki/Nur_movement" class="mw-redirect" title="Nur movement">Nurcu</a></i> is an Islamic movement calling people back to Islam. The basis of unity of this group is the multi-volume compilation of articles and books called the <i><a href="/wiki/Risale-i_Nur" title="Risale-i Nur">Risale-i Nur</a></i> ("epistle of light" in <a href="/wiki/Turkish_language" title="Turkish language">Turkish</a>), which is a voluminous commentary on the Quran and Hadith by <a href="/wiki/Said_Nurs%C3%AE" class="mw-redirect" title="Said Nursî">Bediuzzaman Said Nursî</a>, one of the most influential thinkers of the 20th century. </p><p>Nursî's main theme in his works is answering modern man's major crisis – the absence of certainty of Faith. The <i>Risale-i Nur</i> is a monumental work that aims to address this. He also said that all suffering in the world is because of three things: ignorance, poverty, and misunderstanding. In his opinion, this can be healed by knowledge, service, and understanding others. This is elucidated in his <i><a href="/wiki/Masterpiece" title="Masterpiece">magnum opus</a></i> as a guide to Muslims. </p><p>This group is active in many parts of the country and has trained many educators. Notable among them is the Risale-i Nur Institute in <a href="/wiki/Cagayan_de_Oro" title="Cagayan de Oro">Cagayan de Oro City</a> and their <i><a href="/wiki/Cram_school#Turkey" title="Cram school">dershaneler</a></i> in different cities across the Philippines. They are also responsible for publishing many Islamic books for use in elementary, junior high, and high schools, as well as universities and colleges. It was tested in the former <a href="/wiki/Autonomous_Region_of_Muslim_Mindanao" class="mw-redirect" title="Autonomous Region of Muslim Mindanao">Autonomous Region of Muslim Mindanao</a>, during the term of then <a href="/wiki/Commission_on_Higher_Education_(Philippines)" class="mw-redirect" title="Commission on Higher Education (Philippines)">CHED</a> Regional Secretary Norma Sharief. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Hizmet"><i>Hizmet</i></h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Islam_in_the_Philippines&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Hizmet"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>It was founded by Turkish scholar <a href="/wiki/Fethullah_G%C3%BClen" title="Fethullah Gülen">Fethullah Gülen</a>. Their principles actually come from the <i>Risale-i Nur</i>, except that in the present political context, it has been listed as a terrorist organization by the <a href="/wiki/Government_of_Turkey" title="Government of Turkey">Turkish government</a> since <a href="/wiki/2016_Turkish_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat_attempt" class="mw-redirect" title="2016 Turkish coup d'état attempt">2016</a>. </p><p>However, it is important to note that the <a href="/wiki/G%C3%BClen_movement" title="Gülen movement">Hizmet movement</a> focuses on the principles of "service to humanity" and "dialogue and cooperation" as mechanisms of understanding others. They are well known to have established several schools in the Philippines and is considered a world standard in <a href="/wiki/Science,_technology,_engineering,_and_mathematics" title="Science, technology, engineering, and mathematics">science and mathematics education</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ahmadiyya"><i>Ahmadiyya</i></h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Islam_in_the_Philippines&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Ahmadiyya"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Considered by most Muslim groups as heretics and non-Muslims, <a href="/wiki/Ahmadiyya" title="Ahmadiyya">Ahmadis</a> (as they call themselves) also believe in the major tenets of Islam, except they believed that <a href="/wiki/Mirza_Ghulam_Ahmad" title="Mirza Ghulam Ahmad">Mirza Ghulam Ahmad Qadiani</a> is the last prophet and the promised <i><a href="/wiki/Mahdi" title="Mahdi">Mahdi</a></i> or "<a href="/wiki/Messiah" title="Messiah">messiah</a>", of which majority of Muslim sects disagree due to the concept about the finality on the Prophethood of <a href="/wiki/Muhammad" title="Muhammad">Muhammad</a>. </p><p>This community consists of expatriates and predominatly <a href="/wiki/Sama-Bajau" title="Sama-Bajau">Badjaos</a>, who are normally in the lowest social strata in <a href="/wiki/Moro_people" title="Moro people">Moro society</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-65" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ahmadi_Religion_of_Peace_and_Light">Ahmadi Religion of Peace and Light</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Islam_in_the_Philippines&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Ahmadi Religion of Peace and Light"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Derived from Shia Islam, the <a href="/wiki/Ahmadi_Religion_of_Peace_and_Light" title="Ahmadi Religion of Peace and Light">Ahmadi Religion of Peace and Light</a> (AROPL), also called the Ahmadi Religion (not to be confused with the Sunni- and Sufi-derived messianist sect of <a href="/wiki/Ahmadiyya" title="Ahmadiyya">Ahmadiyyah</a>), is a <a href="/wiki/Messianism" title="Messianism">messianist</a> <a href="/wiki/Syncretism" title="Syncretism">syncretic</a> religious movement founded and led by an Egyptian-American religious leader <a href="/wiki/Abdullah_Hashem" title="Abdullah Hashem">Abdullah Hashem Aba as-Sadiq</a>, a follower of Iraqi Shia Muslim cleric <a href="/wiki/Ahmad_al-Hassan" class="mw-redirect" title="Ahmad al-Hassan">Ahmad al-Hassan</a>, hence the name of the movement. Abdullah Hashem claimed and is believed by his followers to be the al-<a href="/wiki/Al-Q%C4%81%CA%BEim_%C4%80l_Mu%E1%B8%A5ammad" class="mw-redirect" title="Al-Qāʾim Āl Muḥammad">Qa'im</a> (the second <a href="/wiki/Mahdi" title="Mahdi">Mahdi</a>), as Ahmad al-Hassan is the first Mahdi, who is also the key figure of the movement. Having elements of <a href="/wiki/Judaism" title="Judaism">Judaism</a>, <a href="/wiki/Christianity" title="Christianity">Christianity</a> as well as <a href="/wiki/Zoroastrianism" title="Zoroastrianism">Zoroastrianism</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hinduism" title="Hinduism">Hinduism</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jainism" title="Jainism">Jainism</a>, <a href="/wiki/Buddhism" title="Buddhism">Buddhism</a> and other world religions, many of AROPL's doctrines oppose those of traditional Islam, for example, the movement believes that the <a href="/wiki/Kaaba" title="Kaaba">Kaaba</a> is actually in <a href="/wiki/Petra" title="Petra">Petra</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jordan" title="Jordan">Jordan</a> instead of <a href="/wiki/Mecca" title="Mecca">Mecca</a>, <a href="/wiki/Saudi_Arabia" title="Saudi Arabia">Saudi Arabia</a>; <a href="/wiki/Hijab" title="Hijab">hijab</a> and <a href="/wiki/Niq%C4%81b" title="Niqāb">niqab</a> wearing is not mandatory but they are either allowed; and the belief in <a href="/wiki/Reincarnation" title="Reincarnation">reincarnation</a>. Unlike also traditional Islam, the movement has its own sacred book called <i>The Goal of the Wise</i>, authored by Abdullah Hashem. AROPL's headquarters is located in <a href="/wiki/Manchester" title="Manchester">Manchester, United Kingdom</a>. </p><p>The religious movement is relatively small, although increasing members are estimated to be less than a thousand followers globally, with at least three or four Filipino converts are reported.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (September 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Traditional_art_from_the_Philippines_by_Muslim_groups">Traditional art from the Philippines by Muslim groups</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Islam_in_the_Philippines&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Traditional art from the Philippines by Muslim groups"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Food_jar_(gadur),_Mindanao,_Maranao,_brass_with_silver_inlay,_Honolulu_Academy_of_Arts.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="An Indigenous tribal food jar known as gadur, well known for its brass with silver inlay"><img alt="An Indigenous tribal food jar known as gadur, well known for its brass with silver inlay" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Food_jar_%28gadur%29%2C_Mindanao%2C_Maranao%2C_brass_with_silver_inlay%2C_Honolulu_Academy_of_Arts.JPG/74px-Food_jar_%28gadur%29%2C_Mindanao%2C_Maranao%2C_brass_with_silver_inlay%2C_Honolulu_Academy_of_Arts.JPG" decoding="async" width="74" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Food_jar_%28gadur%29%2C_Mindanao%2C_Maranao%2C_brass_with_silver_inlay%2C_Honolulu_Academy_of_Arts.JPG/110px-Food_jar_%28gadur%29%2C_Mindanao%2C_Maranao%2C_brass_with_silver_inlay%2C_Honolulu_Academy_of_Arts.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Food_jar_%28gadur%29%2C_Mindanao%2C_Maranao%2C_brass_with_silver_inlay%2C_Honolulu_Academy_of_Arts.JPG/147px-Food_jar_%28gadur%29%2C_Mindanao%2C_Maranao%2C_brass_with_silver_inlay%2C_Honolulu_Academy_of_Arts.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1450" data-file-height="2360" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">An Indigenous tribal food jar known as <i>gadur</i>, well known for its brass with silver inlay</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Chest,_Mindanao,_Maranao,_wood_and_bone,_Honolulu_Museum_of_Art.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="A chest made of wood and bone inlay"><img alt="A chest made of wood and bone inlay" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Chest%2C_Mindanao%2C_Maranao%2C_wood_and_bone%2C_Honolulu_Museum_of_Art.JPG/120px-Chest%2C_Mindanao%2C_Maranao%2C_wood_and_bone%2C_Honolulu_Museum_of_Art.JPG" decoding="async" width="120" height="56" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Chest%2C_Mindanao%2C_Maranao%2C_wood_and_bone%2C_Honolulu_Museum_of_Art.JPG/180px-Chest%2C_Mindanao%2C_Maranao%2C_wood_and_bone%2C_Honolulu_Museum_of_Art.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Chest%2C_Mindanao%2C_Maranao%2C_wood_and_bone%2C_Honolulu_Museum_of_Art.JPG/240px-Chest%2C_Mindanao%2C_Maranao%2C_wood_and_bone%2C_Honolulu_Museum_of_Art.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2912" data-file-height="1356" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">A chest made of wood and bone inlay</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Lute_(kutyapi),_Mindanao,_wood,_Honolulu_Museum_of_Art.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Kutiyapi the native boat-shaped lute of the archipelago"><img alt="Kutiyapi the native boat-shaped lute of the archipelago" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Lute_%28kutyapi%29%2C_Mindanao%2C_wood%2C_Honolulu_Museum_of_Art.jpg/120px-Lute_%28kutyapi%29%2C_Mindanao%2C_wood%2C_Honolulu_Museum_of_Art.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="30" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Lute_%28kutyapi%29%2C_Mindanao%2C_wood%2C_Honolulu_Museum_of_Art.jpg/250px-Lute_%28kutyapi%29%2C_Mindanao%2C_wood%2C_Honolulu_Museum_of_Art.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="5131" data-file-height="1295" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Kutiyapi" title="Kutiyapi">Kutiyapi</a> the native boat-shaped lute of the archipelago</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Saddle_panel,_Bisilan_Island,_Yakan,_wood_with_shell_inlay,_Honolulu_Museum_of_Art_I.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Saddle panel, wood with shell inlay"><img alt="Saddle panel, wood with shell inlay" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Saddle_panel%2C_Bisilan_Island%2C_Yakan%2C_wood_with_shell_inlay%2C_Honolulu_Museum_of_Art_I.JPG/120px-Saddle_panel%2C_Bisilan_Island%2C_Yakan%2C_wood_with_shell_inlay%2C_Honolulu_Museum_of_Art_I.JPG" decoding="async" width="120" height="109" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Saddle_panel%2C_Bisilan_Island%2C_Yakan%2C_wood_with_shell_inlay%2C_Honolulu_Museum_of_Art_I.JPG/250px-Saddle_panel%2C_Bisilan_Island%2C_Yakan%2C_wood_with_shell_inlay%2C_Honolulu_Museum_of_Art_I.JPG 1.5x" data-file-width="1575" data-file-height="1428" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Saddle panel, wood with shell inlay</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Saddle_panel,_Bisilan_Island,_Yakan,_wood_with_shell_inlay,_Honolulu_Museum_of_Art_II.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Saddle panel, wood with shell inlay"><img alt="Saddle panel, wood with shell inlay" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Saddle_panel%2C_Bisilan_Island%2C_Yakan%2C_wood_with_shell_inlay%2C_Honolulu_Museum_of_Art_II.JPG/120px-Saddle_panel%2C_Bisilan_Island%2C_Yakan%2C_wood_with_shell_inlay%2C_Honolulu_Museum_of_Art_II.JPG" decoding="async" width="120" height="73" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Saddle_panel%2C_Bisilan_Island%2C_Yakan%2C_wood_with_shell_inlay%2C_Honolulu_Museum_of_Art_II.JPG/180px-Saddle_panel%2C_Bisilan_Island%2C_Yakan%2C_wood_with_shell_inlay%2C_Honolulu_Museum_of_Art_II.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Saddle_panel%2C_Bisilan_Island%2C_Yakan%2C_wood_with_shell_inlay%2C_Honolulu_Museum_of_Art_II.JPG/240px-Saddle_panel%2C_Bisilan_Island%2C_Yakan%2C_wood_with_shell_inlay%2C_Honolulu_Museum_of_Art_II.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1842" data-file-height="1116" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Saddle panel, wood with shell inlay</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Jaw_harp_handle,_Mindanao,_Maranao,_horn_with_brass_studs,_Honolulu_Museum_of_Art.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Kubing (native jaw harp) handle, horn with brass studs"><img alt="Kubing (native jaw harp) handle, horn with brass studs" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Jaw_harp_handle%2C_Mindanao%2C_Maranao%2C_horn_with_brass_studs%2C_Honolulu_Museum_of_Art.JPG/120px-Jaw_harp_handle%2C_Mindanao%2C_Maranao%2C_horn_with_brass_studs%2C_Honolulu_Museum_of_Art.JPG" decoding="async" width="120" height="116" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Jaw_harp_handle%2C_Mindanao%2C_Maranao%2C_horn_with_brass_studs%2C_Honolulu_Museum_of_Art.JPG/250px-Jaw_harp_handle%2C_Mindanao%2C_Maranao%2C_horn_with_brass_studs%2C_Honolulu_Museum_of_Art.JPG 1.5x" data-file-width="1434" data-file-height="1389" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Kubing" title="Kubing">Kubing</a> (native <a href="/wiki/Jaw_harp" class="mw-redirect" title="Jaw harp">jaw harp</a>) handle, horn with brass studs</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Agung_02.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Agung - large bass nipple-gongs native to the Philippines, and other parts of Maritime Southeast Asia"><img alt="Agung - large bass nipple-gongs native to the Philippines, and other parts of Maritime Southeast Asia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Agung_02.jpg/120px-Agung_02.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Agung_02.jpg/180px-Agung_02.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Agung_02.jpg/240px-Agung_02.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2592" data-file-height="1944" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Agung" title="Agung">Agung</a> - large bass nipple-gongs native to the <a href="/wiki/Philippines" title="Philippines">Philippines</a>, and other parts of <a href="/wiki/Maritime_Southeast_Asia" title="Maritime Southeast Asia">Maritime Southeast Asia</a></div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Islam_in_the_Philippines&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1266661725">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}</style><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li 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.reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-:0-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_1-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://psa.gov.ph/content/religious-affiliation-philippines-2020-census-population-and-housing">"Religious Affiliation in the Philippines (2020 Census of Population and Housing) | Philippine Statistics Authority | Republic of the Philippines"</a>. <i>psa.gov.ph</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 6,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=psa.gov.ph&rft.atitle=Religious+Affiliation+in+the+Philippines+%282020+Census+of+Population+and+Housing%29+%7C+Philippine+Statistics+Authority+%7C+Republic+of+the+Philippines&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fpsa.gov.ph%2Fcontent%2Freligious-affiliation-philippines-2020-census-population-and-housing&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIslam+in+the+Philippines" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFAngeles" class="citation web cs1">Angeles, Vivienne S. M. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131020164505/https://www.oxfordbibliographies.com/view/document/obo-9780195390155/obo-9780195390155-0102.xml/">"Islam in the Philippines"</a>. Oxford Biographies. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.oxfordbibliographies.com/view/document/obo-9780195390155/obo-9780195390155-0102.xml/">the original</a> on October 20, 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Islam+in+the+Philippines&rft.pub=Oxford+Biographies&rft.aulast=Angeles&rft.aufirst=Vivienne+S.+M.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.oxfordbibliographies.com%2Fview%2Fdocument%2Fobo-9780195390155%2Fobo-9780195390155-0102.xml%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIslam+in+the+Philippines" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation journal cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=xv67ozZJ1mcC&q=%22bearer%20of%20the%20sword%22">"Bearer of the Sword"</a>. <i>Military Review</i>. <b>82</b> (2): <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=xv67ozZJ1mcC&q=%22islam%20arrived%22">38</a>. 2002. <q>Islam arrived in the southern Philippines in the 14th century</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Military+Review&rft.atitle=Bearer+of+the+Sword&rft.volume=82&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=38&rft.date=2002&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dxv67ozZJ1mcC%26q%3D%2522bearer%2520of%2520the%2520sword%2522&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIslam+in+the+Philippines" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:1-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:1_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://rpl.hds.harvard.edu/faq/islam-philippines">"Islam in the Philippines"</a>. <i>rpl.hds.harvard.edu</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 6,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=rpl.hds.harvard.edu&rft.atitle=Islam+in+the+Philippines&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Frpl.hds.harvard.edu%2Ffaq%2Fislam-philippines&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIslam+in+the+Philippines" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Newson2009p31-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Newson2009p31_5-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFLinda_A._Newson2009" class="citation book cs1">Linda A. Newson (2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=LF_UgEGu0dEC"><i>Conquest and Pestilence in the Early Spanish Philippines</i></a>. University of Hawaii Press. pp. <span class="nowrap">31–</span>32. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8248-3272-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8248-3272-8"><bdi>978-0-8248-3272-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Conquest+and+Pestilence+in+the+Early+Spanish+Philippines&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E31-%3C%2Fspan%3E32&rft.pub=University+of+Hawaii+Press&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=978-0-8248-3272-8&rft.au=Linda+A.+Newson&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DLF_UgEGu0dEC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIslam+in+the+Philippines" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFNicholas_Tarling1998" class="citation book cs1">Nicholas Tarling (1998). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=MWgq59FooM0C"><i>Nations and States in Southeast Asia</i></a>. 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Quezon City: Ateneo de Manila University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-971-550-135-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-971-550-135-4"><bdi>978-971-550-135-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Barangay%3A+Sixteenth+Century+Philippine+Culture+and+Society&rft.place=Quezon+City&rft.pub=Ateneo+de+Manila+University+Press&rft.date=1994&rft.isbn=978-971-550-135-4&rft.aulast=Scott&rft.aufirst=William+Henry&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIslam+in+the+Philippines" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFSamuel_Eliot_Morison1986" class="citation book cs1">Samuel Eliot Morison (1986). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=JnotvLHX80gC&pg=PA639"><i>The Great Explorers: The European Discovery of America</i></a>. Oxford University Press. pp. <span class="nowrap">638–</span>639. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-504222-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-504222-1"><bdi>978-0-19-504222-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Great+Explorers%3A+The+European+Discovery+of+America&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E638-%3C%2Fspan%3E639&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=1986&rft.isbn=978-0-19-504222-1&rft.au=Samuel+Eliot+Morison&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DJnotvLHX80gC%26pg%3DPA639&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIslam+in+the+Philippines" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Peter G. Gowing (1975), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/27908239">Moros and Khaek: the Position of Muslim Minorities in the Philippines and Thailand</a>, Southeast Asian Affairs, Thomson Publishing (Reprinted in 2004), pp. 27–40</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Gross2017p6-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Gross2017p6_10-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFMax_L._Gross2017" class="citation book cs1">Max L. Gross (2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=tm8tSwyTa7AC"><i>A Muslim archipelago: Islam and Politics in Southeast Asia</i></a>. GPO Press. pp. <span class="nowrap">6–</span>7. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-16-086920-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-16-086920-4"><bdi>978-0-16-086920-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Muslim+archipelago%3A+Islam+and+Politics+in+Southeast+Asia&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E6-%3C%2Fspan%3E7&rft.pub=GPO+Press&rft.date=2017&rft.isbn=978-0-16-086920-4&rft.au=Max+L.+Gross&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dtm8tSwyTa7AC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIslam+in+the+Philippines" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://rsso11.psa.gov.ph/article/factsheet-islam-mindanao">"Factsheet on Islam in Mindanao | Philippine Statistics Authority Region XI"</a>. <i>rsso11.psa.gov.ph</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Religious Demography. <q>The 2000 census placed the number of Muslims at 3.9 million, or approximately 5 percent of the population, but some Muslim groups claim that Muslims comprise anywhere from 2 to 5 percent of the population.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=2004+Report+on+International+Religious+Freedom&rft.atitle=Philippines&rft.pages=Section+I.+Religious+Demography&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2F2009-2017.state.gov%2Fj%2Fdrl%2Frls%2Firf%2F2004%2F35425.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIslam+in+the+Philippines" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFTaylor" class="citation web cs1">Taylor, Victor. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://mackenzieinstitute.com/2017/01/origins-of-islam-in-the-philippines/">"Origins of Islam in the Philippines"</a>. <i>The Mackenzie Institute</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 6,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Mackenzie+Institute&rft.atitle=Origins+of+Islam+in+the+Philippines&rft.aulast=Taylor&rft.aufirst=Victor&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmackenzieinstitute.com%2F2017%2F01%2Forigins-of-islam-in-the-philippines%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIslam+in+the+Philippines" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.philstar.com/Article.aspx?articleId=472375&publicationSubCategoryId=205">RP closer to becoming observer-state in Organization of Islamic Conference</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160603143753/http://www.philstar.com/Article.aspx?articleId=472375&publicationSubCategoryId=205">Archived</a> June 3, 2016, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. (May 29, 2009). <i><a href="/wiki/The_Philippine_Star" title="The Philippine Star">The Philippine Star</a></i>. Retrieved 2009-07-10, "Eight million Muslim Filipinos, representing 4 percent of the total Philippine population, ...".</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-McAmis-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-McAmis_15-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFMcAmis,_Robert_Day2002" class="citation book cs1">McAmis, Robert Day (2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=59PnSwurWj8C&pg=PA18"><i>Malay Muslims: The History and Challenge of Resurgent Islam in Southeast Asia</i></a>. Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing. pp. <span class="nowrap">18–</span>24, <span class="nowrap">53–</span>61. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8028-4945-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8028-4945-8"><bdi>978-0-8028-4945-8</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.usnwc.edu/getattachment/f54ece77-3d67-4c32-bfaa-02b476a569d8/Maritime-Terrorism-in-Southeast-Asia--The-Abu-Sayy">the original</a> on June 14, 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=MARITIME+TERRORISM+IN+SOUTHEAST+ASIA%3A+The+Abu+Sayyaf+Threat&rft.pages=68&rft.date=2005&rft.au=Rommel+C.+Banlaoi&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.usnwc.edu%2Fgetattachment%2Ff54ece77-3d67-4c32-bfaa-02b476a569d8%2FMaritime-Terrorism-in-Southeast-Asia--The-Abu-Sayy&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIslam+in+the+Philippines" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFMidori2020" class="citation book cs1">Midori, Kawashima (February 5, 2020). 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October 4, 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=GMA+News+Online&rft.atitle=National+Museum+showcases+Bangsamoro+art+for+Eid%27l+Adha+holiday&rft.date=2014-10-04&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.gmanetwork.com%2Fnews%2Fstory%2F382196%2Flifestyle%2Fnational-museum-showcases-bangsamoro-art-for-eid-l-adha-holiday%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIslam+in+the+Philippines" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.paramadina.ac.id/index.php?p=show_detail&id=18235&keywords=">"The Qur'an and Islamic Manuscripts of Mindanao, Monograph Series No. 10 2012"</a>. <i>catalogue.paramadina.ac.id</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=catalogue.paramadina.ac.id&rft.atitle=The+Qur%27an+and+Islamic+Manuscripts+of+Mindanao%2C+Monograph+Series+No.+10+2012&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcatalogue.paramadina.ac.id%2Findex.php%3Fp%3Dshow_detail%26id%3D18235%26keywords%3D&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIslam+in+the+Philippines" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFGarcia2018" class="citation web cs1">Garcia, Bong (May 10, 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sunstar.com.ph/article/1742513/Zamboanga/Local-News/Sulu-Sultanate-Bangsa-Sug-push-revision-of-Bangsamoro-Basic-Law">"Sulu Sultanate, Bangsa Sug push revision of BBL"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/SunStar" title="SunStar">SunStar</a></i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=SunStar&rft.atitle=Sulu+Sultanate%2C+Bangsa+Sug+push+revision+of+BBL&rft.date=2018-05-10&rft.aulast=Garcia&rft.aufirst=Bong&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.sunstar.com.ph%2Farticle%2F1742513%2FZamboanga%2FLocal-News%2FSulu-Sultanate-Bangsa-Sug-push-revision-of-Bangsamoro-Basic-Law&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIslam+in+the+Philippines" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFEliza_Griswold2011" class="citation book cs1">Eliza Griswold (2011). <i>The Tenth Parallel: Dispatches from the Faultline Between Christianity and Islam</i>. 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href="/wiki/Islam_in_Yemen" title="Islam in Yemen">Yemen</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_states_with_limited_recognition" title="List of states with limited recognition">States with<br />limited recognition</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Islam_in_Abkhazia" class="mw-redirect" title="Islam in Abkhazia">Abkhazia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islam_in_Northern_Cyprus" class="mw-redirect" title="Islam in Northern Cyprus">Northern Cyprus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islam_in_the_State_of_Palestine" class="mw-redirect" title="Islam in the State of Palestine">Palestine</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Islam_in_South_Ossetia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Islam in South Ossetia (page does not exist)">South Ossetia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islam_in_Taiwan" title="Islam in 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