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Available in 20 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-20" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">20 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D8%AC%D9%85%D8%B9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%86%D9%82%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%AA_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A9" title="تجمع النقابات العمالية – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="تجمع النقابات العمالية" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D1%80%D1%8B%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D1%96_%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B3%D1%80%D1%8D%D1%81_%D1%82%D1%80%D1%8D%D0%B4-%D1%8E%D0%BD%D1%96%D1%91%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%9E" title="Брытанскі кангрэс трэд-юніёнаў – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Брытанскі кангрэс трэд-юніёнаў" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cyngres_yr_Undebau_Llafur" title="Cyngres yr Undebau Llafur – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Cyngres yr Undebau Llafur" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trades_Union_Congress" title="Trades Union Congress – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Trades Union Congress" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trades_Union_Congress" title="Trades Union Congress – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Trades Union Congress" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D9%86%DA%AF%D8%B1%D9%87_%D8%A7%D8%AA%D8%AD%D8%A7%D8%AF%DB%8C%D9%87%E2%80%8C%D9%87%D8%A7%DB%8C_%D8%B5%D9%86%D9%81%DB%8C" title="کنگره اتحادیه‌های صنفی – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="کنگره اتحادیه‌های صنفی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trades_Union_Congress" title="Trades Union Congress – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Trades Union Congress" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/TUC" title="TUC – Scottish Gaelic" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="TUC" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="Scottish Gaelic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%85%B8%EB%8F%99%EC%A1%B0%ED%95%A9%ED%9A%8C%EC%9D%98" title="노동조합회의 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="노동조합회의" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B9%D6%80%D5%A5%D5%B5%D5%A4-%D5%85%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B6%D5%AB%D5%B8%D5%B6%D5%B6%D5%A5%D6%80%D5%AB_%D5%AF%D5%B8%D5%B6%D5%A3%D6%80%D5%A5%D5%BD" title="Թրեյդ-Յունիոնների կոնգրես – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Թրեյդ-Յունիոնների կոնգրես" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trades_Union_Congress" title="Trades Union Congress – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Trades Union Congress" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trades_Union_Congress" title="Trades Union Congress – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Trades Union Congress" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8A%B4%E5%83%8D%E7%B5%84%E5%90%88%E4%BC%9A%E8%AD%B0" title="労働組合会議 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="労働組合会議" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trades_Union_Congress" title="Trades Union Congress – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Trades Union Congress" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kongres_Zwi%C4%85zk%C3%B3w_Zawodowych" title="Kongres Związków Zawodowych – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Kongres Związków Zawodowych" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trades_Union_Congress" title="Trades Union Congress – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Trades Union Congress" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%81_%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B4-%D1%8E%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B2" title="Британский конгресс тред-юнионов – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Британский конгресс тред-юнионов" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trades_Union_Congress" title="Trades Union Congress – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Trades Union Congress" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trades_Union_Congress" title="Trades Union Congress – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" 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.hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Trades_Union_Congress_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Trades Union Congress (disambiguation)">Trades Union Congress (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><caption class="infobox-title fn org">Trades Union Congress</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image logo"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:TUC_Logo.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/f/f7/TUC_Logo.png" decoding="async" width="180" height="180" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="180" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;">Abbreviation</th><td class="infobox-data nickname">TUC</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;">Founded</th><td class="infobox-data note">1868 at <a href="/wiki/Mechanics%27_Institute,_Manchester" title="Mechanics' Institute, Manchester">Mechanics' Institute, Manchester</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;">Headquarters</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Congress_House" title="Congress House">Congress House</a>,<br /><a href="/wiki/London" title="London">London</a>, <a href="/wiki/WC_postcode_area" title="WC postcode area">WC1</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;">Location</th><td class="infobox-data label"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><span class="country-name"><a href="/wiki/England" title="England">England</a> and <a href="/wiki/Wales" title="Wales">Wales</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Members </div></th><td class="infobox-data">5.5 million (2022)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">General Secretary</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Paul_Nowak_(trade_unionist)" title="Paul Nowak (trade unionist)">Paul Nowak</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;">Affiliations</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/International_Trade_Union_Confederation" title="International Trade Union Confederation">ITUC</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.tuc.org.uk/">www<wbr />.tuc<wbr />.org<wbr />.uk</a></span></td></tr></tbody></table> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline 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.mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile nowraplinks"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-pretitle">Part of <a href="/wiki/Category:Socialism" title="Category:Socialism">a series</a> on</td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle" style="background:#ED1F24; padding-top:0.25em; font-size:150%; font-weight:bold; color:black; line-height:1em;"><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_socialist_movement_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="History of the socialist movement in the United Kingdom"><span style="color:white;">Socialism in<br />the United Kingdom</span></a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Red_flag_(politics)" title="Red flag (politics)"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Red_flag_waving.svg/75px-Red_flag_waving.svg.png" decoding="async" width="75" height="81" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Red_flag_waving.svg/113px-Red_flag_waving.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Red_flag_waving.svg/150px-Red_flag_waving.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="249" data-file-height="268" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent;border-top:1px solid #aaa;;color: var(--color-base)"><div class="sidebar-list-title-c">Ideologies</div></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Agrarian_socialism" title="Agrarian socialism">Agrarian socialism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism" title="Anarchism">Anarchism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tony_Benn" title="Tony Benn">Bennism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_radical_tradition" title="Black radical tradition">Black radical tradition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chartism" title="Chartism">Chartism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_socialism" title="Christian socialism">Christian socialism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Political_positions_of_Jeremy_Corbyn" title="Political positions of Jeremy Corbyn">Corbynism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Democratic_socialism" title="Democratic socialism">Democratic socialism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eco-socialism" title="Eco-socialism">Eco-socialism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethical_socialism" title="Ethical socialism">Ethical socialism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guild_socialism" title="Guild socialism">Guild socialism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marxism" title="Marxism">Marxism</a> (<a href="/wiki/Centrist_Marxism" title="Centrist Marxism">Centrist</a> · <a href="/wiki/Marxist_humanism" title="Marxist humanism">Humanist</a> · <a href="/wiki/Marxism%E2%80%93Leninism" title="Marxism–Leninism">Marxism–Leninism</a> · <a href="/wiki/Trotskyism" title="Trotskyism">Trotskyism</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Owenism" title="Owenism">Owenism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republicanism_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Republicanism in the United Kingdom">Republicanism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Revolutionary_socialism" title="Revolutionary socialism">Revolutionary socialism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ricardian_socialism" title="Ricardian socialism">Ricardian socialism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_democracy" title="Social democracy">Social democracy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Utopian_socialism" title="Utopian socialism">Utopian socialism</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent;border-top:1px solid #aaa;;color: var(--color-base)"><div class="sidebar-list-title-c">Principles</div></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anti-capitalism" title="Anti-capitalism">Anti-capitalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-imperialism" title="Anti-imperialism">Anti-imperialism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-racism" title="Anti-racism">Anti-racism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Environmental_justice" title="Environmental justice">Environmental justice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_equality" title="Social equality">Equality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Equality_of_opportunity" class="mw-redirect" title="Equality of opportunity">Equality of opportunity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Euroscepticism" title="Euroscepticism">Euroscepticism</a> (factions)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_justice" title="Social justice">Fairness</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom" title="Freedom">Freedom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Justice" title="Justice">Justice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peace" title="Peace">Peace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pro-Europeanism" title="Pro-Europeanism">Pro-Europeanism</a> (factions)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Progress" title="Progress">Progress</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radical_democracy" title="Radical democracy">Radical democracy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Redistribution_of_income_and_wealth" title="Redistribution of income and wealth">Redistribution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_justice" title="Social justice">Social justice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solidarity" title="Solidarity">Solidarity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_intervention" class="mw-redirect" title="State intervention">State intervention</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sustainability" title="Sustainability">Sustainability</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent;border-top:1px solid #aaa;;color: var(--color-base)"><div class="sidebar-list-title-c">Intellectuals</div></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tariq_Ali" title="Tariq Ali">Ali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Perry_Anderson" title="Perry Anderson">Anderson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Goodwyn_Barmby" title="John Goodwyn Barmby">Barmby</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Berger" title="John Berger">Berger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roy_Bhaskar" title="Roy Bhaskar">Bhaskar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robin_Blackburn" title="Robin Blackburn">Blackburn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grace_Blakeley" title="Grace Blakeley">Blakeley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beatrix_Campbell" title="Beatrix Campbell">Campbell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Carpenter" title="Edward Carpenter">Carpenter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Cockshott" title="Paul Cockshott">Cockshott</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/G._D._H._Cole" title="G. D. H. Cole">Cole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maurice_Dobb" title="Maurice Dobb">Dobb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terry_Eagleton" title="Terry Eagleton">Eagleton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Friedrich_Engels" title="Friedrich Engels">Engels</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mark_Fisher" title="Mark Fisher">Fisher (Mark)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nigel_Gibson" title="Nigel Gibson">Gibson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Gilroy" title="Paul Gilroy">Gilroy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mike_Gonzalez_(historian)" title="Mike Gonzalez (historian)">Gonzalez</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Hall_(economist)" title="Charles Hall (economist)">Hall (Charles)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stuart_Hall_(cultural_theorist)" title="Stuart Hall (cultural theorist)">Hall (Stuart)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/J._B._S._Haldane" title="J. B. S. Haldane">Haldane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Harvey" title="David Harvey">Harvey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Owen_Hatherley" title="Owen Hatherley">Hatherley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christopher_Hill_(historian)" title="Christopher Hill (historian)">Hill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eric_Hobsbawm" title="Eric Hobsbawm">Hobsbawm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Hodgskin" title="Thomas Hodgskin">Hodgskin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bob_Jessop" title="Bob Jessop">Jessop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Owen_Jones" title="Owen Jones">Jones (Owen)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Kingsley" title="Charles Kingsley">Kingsley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harold_Laski" title="Harold Laski">Laski</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ken_Loach" title="Ken Loach">Loach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alasdair_MacIntyre" title="Alasdair MacIntyre">MacIntyre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sam_Mainwaring" title="Sam Mainwaring">Mainwaring</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karl_Marx" title="Karl Marx">Marx (Karl)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China_Mi%C3%A9ville" title="China Miéville">Miéville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ralph_Miliband" title="Ralph Miliband">Miliband</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Stuart_Mill" title="John Stuart Mill">Mill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Monbiot" title="George Monbiot">Monbiot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_More" title="Thomas More">More</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Morris" title="William Morris">Morris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Orwell" title="George Orwell">Orwell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Owen" title="Robert Owen">Owen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sheila_Rowbotham" title="Sheila Rowbotham">Rowbotham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bertrand_Russell" title="Bertrand Russell">Russell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raphael_Samuel" title="Raphael Samuel">Samuel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Seymour_(21st-century_writer)" title="Richard Seymour (21st-century writer)">Seymour</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ambalavaner_Sivanandan" title="Ambalavaner Sivanandan">Sivanandan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/R._H._Tawney" title="R. H. Tawney">Tawney</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/E._P._Thompson" title="E. P. Thompson">Thompson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abigail_Thorn" title="Abigail Thorn">Thorn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colin_Ward" title="Colin Ward">Ward</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/H._G._Wells" title="H. G. Wells">Wells</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raymond_Williams" title="Raymond Williams">Williams</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent;border-top:1px solid #aaa;;color: var(--color-base)"><div class="sidebar-list-title-c">Works</div></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Das_Kapital" title="Das Kapital">Das Kapital</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Communist_Manifesto" title="The Communist Manifesto">The Communist Manifesto</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/News_from_Nowhere" title="News from Nowhere">News from Nowhere</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Ragged-Trousered_Philanthropists" title="The Ragged-Trousered Philanthropists">The Ragged-Trousered Philanthropists</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Lion_and_the_Unicorn:_Socialism_and_the_English_Genius" title="The Lion and the Unicorn: Socialism and the English Genius">The Lion and the Unicorn: Socialism and the English Genius</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Future_of_Socialism" title="The Future of Socialism">The Future of Socialism</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Making_of_the_English_Working_Class" title="The Making of the English Working Class">The Making of the English Working Class</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Country_and_the_City" title="The Country and the City">The Country and the City</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ways_of_Seeing" title="Ways of Seeing">Ways of Seeing</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Towards_a_New_Socialism" title="Towards a New Socialism">Towards a New Socialism</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Capitalist_Realism_(book)" class="mw-redirect" title="Capitalist Realism (book)">Capitalist Realism</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Establishment:_And_How_They_Get_Away_with_It" title="The Establishment: And How They Get Away with It">The Establishment: And How They Get Away with It</a></i></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent;border-top:1px solid #aaa;;color: var(--color-base)"><div class="sidebar-list-title-c"><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_socialist_movement_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="History of the socialist movement in the United Kingdom">History</a></div></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/British_left" title="British left">British left</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Labour_Party_(UK)" title="History of the Labour Party (UK)">History of the Labour Party (UK)</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent;border-top:1px solid #aaa;;color: var(--color-base)"><div class="sidebar-list-title-c"><a href="/wiki/Category:British_socialists" title="Category:British socialists">Political figures</a></div></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Diane_Abbott" title="Diane Abbott">Abbott</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clement_Attlee" title="Clement Attlee">Attlee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tony_Benn" title="Tony Benn">Benn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aneurin_Bevan" title="Aneurin Bevan">Bevan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Burgon" title="Richard Burgon">Burgon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tony_Cliff" title="Tony Cliff">Cliff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jeremy_Corbyn" title="Jeremy Corbyn">Corbyn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bob_Crow" title="Bob Crow">Crow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andrew_Fisher_(political_activist)" title="Andrew Fisher (political activist)">Fisher (Andrew)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Foot" title="Michael Foot">Foot (Michael)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Foot_(journalist)" title="Paul Foot (journalist)">Foot (Paul)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Fryer" title="Peter Fryer">Fryer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Willie_Gallacher_(politician)" title="Willie Gallacher (politician)">Gallacher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Galloway" title="George Galloway">Galloway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Keir_Hardie" title="Keir Hardie">Hardie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Julian_Harney" title="George Julian Harney">Harney</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gerry_Healy" title="Gerry Healy">Healy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Hyndman" title="Henry Hyndman">Hyndman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albert_Inkpin" title="Albert Inkpin">Inkpin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Claudia_Jones" title="Claudia Jones">Jones (Claudia)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Lansbury" title="George Lansbury">Lansbury</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neal_Lawson" title="Neal Lawson">Lawson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ken_Livingstone" title="Ken Livingstone">Livingstone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rebecca_Long-Bailey" title="Rebecca Long-Bailey">Long-Bailey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mick_Lynch_(trade_unionist)" title="Mick Lynch (trade unionist)">Lynch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Maclean_(Scottish_socialist)" title="John Maclean (Scottish socialist)">Maclean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eleanor_Marx" title="Eleanor Marx">Marx (Eleanor)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Maxton" title="James Maxton">Maxton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Len_McCluskey" title="Len McCluskey">McCluskey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_McDonnell" title="John McDonnell">McDonnell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albert_Meltzer" title="Albert Meltzer">Meltzer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dave_Nellist" title="Dave Nellist">Nellist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sylvia_Pankhurst" title="Sylvia Pankhurst">Pankhurst</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harry_Pollitt" title="Harry Pollitt">Pollitt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Scargill" title="Arthur Scargill">Scargill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Schneider" title="James Schneider">Schneider</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dennis_Skinner" title="Dennis Skinner">Skinner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zarah_Sultana" title="Zarah Sultana">Sultana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Taaffe" title="Peter Taaffe">Taaffe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Tatchell" title="Peter Tatchell">Tatchell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roger_Waters" title="Roger Waters">Waters</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beatrice_Webb" title="Beatrice Webb">Webb (Beatrice)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sidney_Webb,_1st_Baron_Passfield" title="Sidney Webb, 1st Baron Passfield">Webb (Sidney)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harold_Wilson" title="Harold Wilson">Wilson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gerrard_Winstanley" title="Gerrard Winstanley">Winstanley</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent;border-top:1px solid #aaa;;color: var(--color-base)"><div class="sidebar-list-title-c">Parties</div></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist">(<a href="/wiki/Category:Socialist_parties_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Category:Socialist parties in the United Kingdom">Current UK parties</a> - <a href="/wiki/Category:Defunct_socialist_parties_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Category:Defunct socialist parties in the United Kingdom">Defunct UK parties</a>) <p><i><b><a href="/wiki/Social_democracy" title="Social democracy">Social democracy</a></b></i> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Co-operative_Party" title="Co-operative Party">Co-operative Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Labour_Party_(UK)" title="Labour Party (UK)">Labour Party (UK)</a></li></ul> <p><i><b><a href="/wiki/Socialism" title="Socialism">Socialism</a></b></i> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Breakthrough_Party" title="Breakthrough Party">Breakthrough Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Left_Unity_(UK)" title="Left Unity (UK)">Left Unity (UK)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Socialist_Labour_Party_(UK)" title="Socialist Labour Party (UK)">Socialist Labour Party (UK)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Socialist_Party_of_Great_Britain" title="Socialist Party of Great Britain">Socialist Party GB</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Socialist_Party_(England_and_Wales)" title="Socialist Party (England and Wales)">Socialist Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Socialist_Workers_Party_(UK)" title="Socialist Workers Party (UK)">Socialist Workers Party (UK)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transform_(political_party)" title="Transform (political party)">Transform</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trade_Unionist_and_Socialist_Coalition" title="Trade Unionist and Socialist Coalition">TUSC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Workers_Party_of_Britain" title="Workers Party of Britain">Workers Party of Britain</a></li></ul> <p><i><b><a href="/wiki/Communism" title="Communism">Communism</a></b></i> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Communist_Party_of_Britain" title="Communist Party of Britain">Communist Party of Britain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Communist_Party_of_Britain_(Marxist%E2%80%93Leninist)" title="Communist Party of Britain (Marxist–Leninist)">Communist Party Britain-ML</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Communist_Party_of_Great_Britain_(Marxist%E2%80%93Leninist)" title="Communist Party of Great Britain (Marxist–Leninist)">Communist Party GB-ML</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Communist_Party_of_Great_Britain_(Provisional_Central_Committee)" title="Communist Party of Great Britain (Provisional Central Committee)">Communist Party GB-PCC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Communist_Party_of_Britain" title="New Communist Party of Britain">New Communist Party of Britain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Revolutionary_Communist_Group_(UK)" title="Revolutionary Communist Group (UK)">RCG</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Socialist_Appeal_(UK,_1992)" title="Socialist Appeal (UK, 1992)">Revolutionary Communist Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Revolutionary_Communist_Party_of_Britain_(Marxist%E2%80%93Leninist)" title="Revolutionary Communist Party of Britain (Marxist–Leninist)">RCPB-ML</a></li></ul> <hr /> <p><i><b>Northern Ireland</b></i><br /> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/People_Before_Profit" title="People Before Profit">People Before Profit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sinn_F%C3%A9in" title="Sinn Féin">Sinn Féin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_Democratic_and_Labour_Party" title="Social Democratic and Labour Party">Social Democratic and Labour Party</a></li></ul> <p><i><b>Scotland</b></i><br /> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Scottish_Labour" title="Scottish Labour">Scottish Labour</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scottish_National_Party" title="Scottish National Party">Scottish National Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scottish_Socialist_Party" title="Scottish Socialist Party">Scottish Socialist Party</a></li></ul> <p><i><b>Wales</b></i> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Plaid_Cymru" title="Plaid Cymru">Plaid Cymru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Welsh_Labour" title="Welsh Labour">Welsh Labour</a></li></ul> <hr /></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent;border-top:1px solid #aaa;;color: var(--color-base)"><div class="sidebar-list-title-c">Organisations</div></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"><b><a href="/wiki/Trade_unions_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Trade unions in the United Kingdom">UK Trade unions</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Communication_Workers_Union_(United_Kingdom)" title="Communication Workers Union (United Kingdom)">CWU</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Independent_Workers%27_Union_of_Great_Britain" title="Independent Workers' Union of Great Britain">IWGB</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irish_Congress_of_Trade_Unions" title="Irish Congress of Trade Unions">ICTU</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Union_of_Mineworkers_(Great_Britain)" title="National Union of Mineworkers (Great Britain)">NUM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scottish_Trades_Union_Congress" title="Scottish Trades Union Congress">STUC</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">TUC</a> (<a href="/wiki/Wales_TUC" title="Wales TUC">Wales TUC</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/RMT_(trade_union)" title="RMT (trade union)">RMT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unite_the_Union" title="Unite the Union">Unite the Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Voices_of_the_World" title="United Voices of the World">UVW</a></li></ul> <p><b>Other</b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anarchist_Federation_(Britain)" title="Anarchist Federation (Britain)">Anarchist Federation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Institute_for_Public_Policy_Research" title="Institute for Public Policy Research">Institute for Public Policy Research</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Left_Book_Club" title="Left Book Club">Left Book Club</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Momentum_(organisation)" title="Momentum (organisation)">Momentum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_World_Transformed" title="The World Transformed">The World Transformed</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent;border-top:1px solid #aaa;;color: var(--color-base)"><div class="sidebar-list-title-c">Media</div></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Daily_Herald_(United_Kingdom)" title="Daily Herald (United Kingdom)">Daily Herald</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Morning_Star_(British_newspaper)" title="Morning Star (British newspaper)">Morning Star</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/New_Left_Review" title="New Left Review">New Left Review</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/New_Statesman" title="New Statesman">New Statesman</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Novara_Media" title="Novara Media">Novara Media</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Race_%26_Class" title="Race & Class">Race & Class</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Red_Pepper_(magazine)" title="Red Pepper (magazine)">Red Pepper</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Socialist_Worker" title="Socialist Worker">Socialist Worker</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Socialist_(UK_newspaper)" class="mw-redirect" title="The Socialist (UK newspaper)">The Socialist</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Tribune_(magazine)" title="Tribune (magazine)">Tribune</a></i></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent;border-top:1px solid #aaa;;color: var(--color-base)"><div class="sidebar-list-title-c">Related topics</div></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Anarchism in the United Kingdom">Anarchism in the United Kingdom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Communism_in_the_United_Kingdom" class="mw-redirect" title="Communism in the United Kingdom">Communism in the United Kingdom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hard_left" title="Hard left">Hard left</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soft_left" title="Soft left">Soft left</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_in_the_United_Kingdom" class="mw-redirect" title="Politics in the United Kingdom">Politics in the United Kingdom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Labour" title="New Labour">New Labour</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Left" title="New Left">New Left</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miliband%E2%80%93Poulantzas_debate" title="Miliband–Poulantzas debate">Miliband–Poulantzas debate</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-below plainlist"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Red_flag_II.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Red_flag_II.svg/16px-Red_flag_II.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Red_flag_II.svg/24px-Red_flag_II.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Red_flag_II.svg/32px-Red_flag_II.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="466" data-file-height="411" /></a></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Socialism" title="Portal:Socialism">Socialism portal</a></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Syndicalism.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Syndicalism.svg/16px-Syndicalism.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Syndicalism.svg/24px-Syndicalism.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Syndicalism.svg/32px-Syndicalism.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="530" data-file-height="530" /></a></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Organised_labour" class="mw-redirect" title="Portal:Organised labour">Organised labour portal</a></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/16px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/24px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/32px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:United_Kingdom" title="Portal:United Kingdom">United Kingdom portal</a></li></ul></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Socialism_in_the_UK" title="Template:Socialism in the UK"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Socialism_in_the_UK" title="Template talk:Socialism in the UK"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Socialism_in_the_UK" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Socialism in the UK"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The <b>Trades Union Congress</b> (<b>TUC</b>) is a <a href="/wiki/National_trade_union_center" title="National trade union center">national trade union centre</a>, a federation of <a href="/wiki/Trade_union" title="Trade union">trade unions</a> that collectively represent most unionised workers in <a href="/wiki/England" title="England">England</a> and <a href="/wiki/Wales" title="Wales">Wales</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There are 48 affiliated unions with a total of about 5.5 million members.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Paul_Nowak_(trade_unionist)" title="Paul Nowak (trade unionist)">Paul Nowak</a> is the TUC's current General Secretary, serving from January 2023.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Organisation">Organisation</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Trades_Union_Congress&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Organisation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/List_of_affiliates_of_the_Trades_Union_Congress" title="List of affiliates of the Trades Union Congress">List of affiliates of the Trades Union Congress</a></div> <p>The TUC's decision-making body is the Annual Congress, which takes place in September. Between congresses decisions are made by the <a href="/wiki/General_Council_of_the_Trades_Union_Congress" title="General Council of the Trades Union Congress">General Council</a>, which meets every two months. An Executive Committee is elected by the Council from its members.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (August 2023)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>Affiliated unions can send delegates to Congress with the number of delegates they can send proportionate to their size.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Each year Congress elects a <a href="/wiki/President_of_the_Trades_Union_Congress" title="President of the Trades Union Congress">President of the Trades Union Congress</a>, who carries out the office for the remainder of the year and then presides over the following year's conference. </p><p>The TUC is not affiliated with the <a href="/wiki/Labour_Party_(UK)" title="Labour Party (UK)">Labour Party</a>. At election time the TUC cannot endorse a particular party by name. However it can point to policies that it believes would be positive for <a href="/wiki/Labor_rights" title="Labor rights">workers' rights</a>, or to social cohesion and community welfare. It can also politically campaign against policies that it believes would be injurious to workers. </p><p>The TUC also runs the Tolpuddle Martyrs Museum and annual <a href="/wiki/Tolpuddle_Martyrs_festival" class="mw-redirect" title="Tolpuddle Martyrs festival">Tolpuddle Martyrs' Festival and Rally</a> commemorating the <a href="/wiki/Tolpuddle_Martyrs" title="Tolpuddle Martyrs">Tolpuddle Martyrs</a> and their impact on trade unionism. </p><p>The TUC Library preserves documents related to labour history in Britain and other countries, especially Europe and the <a href="/wiki/Commonwealth_of_Nations" title="Commonwealth of Nations">Commonwealth</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It was established in 1922 and now focuses on expanding the online and digital collections.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The TUC archives are held at the <a href="/wiki/Modern_Records_Centre,_University_of_Warwick" title="Modern Records Centre, University of Warwick">Modern Records Centre</a> at the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Warwick" title="University of Warwick">University of Warwick</a> Library. The archive contains files from about 1920 up to 2000 consisting of correspondence, internal and external documents, minutes, reports, printed material and press statements.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Campaigns">Campaigns</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Trades_Union_Congress&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Campaigns"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The TUC campaigns on a wide range of issues relating to the experience of people at work. </p><p>The TUC succeeded in forcing <a href="/wiki/Sports_Direct" class="mw-redirect" title="Sports Direct">Sports Direct</a> to undergo an independent review into their treatment of workers in September 2016.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In October 2016, the TUC's campaign against the <a href="/wiki/Trade_Union_Act_2016" title="Trade Union Act 2016">Trade Union Act 2016</a> won 'Best Public Affairs Campaign' at the PR Week Awards.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In August 2022, the TUC declared its support for a £15 an hour minimum wage, which it says should be implemented "as soon as possible".<sup id="cite_ref-£15_an_hour,_August_2022_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-£15_an_hour,_August_2022-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Key_achievements">Key achievements</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Trades_Union_Congress&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Key achievements"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>In 1970 the <a href="/wiki/Equal_Pay_Act_1970" title="Equal Pay Act 1970">Equal Pay Act</a> made it illegal for employers to give a female worker different pay and conditions to a male one doing work of equal value.<sup id="cite_ref-:6_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:6-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>In 1999 the <a href="/wiki/National_Minimum_Wage_Regulations_1999" title="National Minimum Wage Regulations 1999">National Minimum Wage</a> was established to protect low-paid workers.<sup id="cite_ref-:6_11-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:6-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>In 1999 a limit was placed on working hours, largely as a health and safety measure. This was quickly followed by a minimum holiday entitlement.<sup id="cite_ref-:6_11-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:6-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>In 2007 the <a href="/wiki/Smoking_ban_in_England" class="mw-redirect" title="Smoking ban in England">no-smoking ban</a> was introduced in public areas in response to union arguments that workers were risking their health.<sup id="cite_ref-:6_11-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:6-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>In October 2011 agency workers gained the right to receive the same treatment as permanent staff carrying out the same work.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Trades_Union_Congress&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/History_of_trade_unions_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="History of trade unions in the United Kingdom">History of trade unions in the United Kingdom</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="19th_century">19th century</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Trades_Union_Congress&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: 19th century"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Tyldesley_miners_outside_the_Miners_Hall_during_the_1926_General_Strike.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/Tyldesley_miners_outside_the_Miners_Hall_during_the_1926_General_Strike.jpg/220px-Tyldesley_miners_outside_the_Miners_Hall_during_the_1926_General_Strike.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="160" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/Tyldesley_miners_outside_the_Miners_Hall_during_the_1926_General_Strike.jpg/330px-Tyldesley_miners_outside_the_Miners_Hall_during_the_1926_General_Strike.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/67/Tyldesley_miners_outside_the_Miners_Hall_during_the_1926_General_Strike.jpg 2x" data-file-width="420" data-file-height="306" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Tyldesley" title="Tyldesley">Tyldesley</a> miners outside the Miners Hall during the <a href="/wiki/1926_United_Kingdom_general_strike" title="1926 United Kingdom general strike">1926 general strike</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Make_Poverty_History_Trades_Union_Congress_200507.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Make_Poverty_History_Trades_Union_Congress_200507.jpg/220px-Make_Poverty_History_Trades_Union_Congress_200507.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Make_Poverty_History_Trades_Union_Congress_200507.jpg/330px-Make_Poverty_History_Trades_Union_Congress_200507.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Make_Poverty_History_Trades_Union_Congress_200507.jpg/440px-Make_Poverty_History_Trades_Union_Congress_200507.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1760" data-file-height="1168" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Make_Poverty_History" title="Make Poverty History">Make Poverty History</a> banner in front of <a href="/wiki/Congress_House" title="Congress House">Congress House</a></figcaption></figure> <p>The TUC was founded in the 1860s.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom_Alliance_of_Organised_Trades" title="United Kingdom Alliance of Organised Trades">United Kingdom Alliance of Organised Trades</a>, founded in <a href="/wiki/Sheffield" title="Sheffield">Sheffield</a>, Yorkshire, in 1866, was the immediate forerunner of the TUC, although efforts to expand local unions into regional or national organisations date back at least forty years earlier; in 1822, <a href="/wiki/John_Gast_(activist)" title="John Gast (activist)">John Gast</a> formed a "Committee of the Useful Classes", sometimes described as an early national trades council. </p><p>The first TUC meeting was held in 1868 when the <a href="/wiki/Manchester_and_Salford_Trades_Council" class="mw-redirect" title="Manchester and Salford Trades Council">Manchester and Salford Trades Council</a> convened the founding meeting in the <a href="/wiki/Manchester_Mechanics%27_Institute" class="mw-redirect" title="Manchester Mechanics' Institute">Manchester Mechanics' Institute</a> (on what is now <a href="/wiki/Princess_Street,_Manchester" title="Princess Street, Manchester">Princess Street</a> and was then David Street; the building is at no. 103). The fact that the TUC was formed by Northern Trades Councils was not coincidental. One of the issues which prompted this initiative was the perception that the London Trades Council (formed in 1860 and including, because of its location, many of the most prominent union leaders of the day) was taking a dominant role in speaking for the Trade Union Movement as a whole. The second TUC meeting took place in 1869 at the Oddfellows Hall, Temple Street, Birmingham where delegates discussed the eight-hour working day, election of working people to Parliament and the issue of free education.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Arising out of the 1897 Congress, a decision was taken to form a more centralised trade union structure that would enable a more militant approach to be taken to fighting the employer and even achieving the socialist transformation of society. The result was the <a href="/wiki/General_Federation_of_Trade_Unions_(UK)" title="General Federation of Trade Unions (UK)">General Federation of Trade Unions</a> which was formed in 1899. For some years it was unclear which body (the GFTU or the TUC) would emerge as the national trade union centre for the UK and for a while both were recognised as such by different fraternal organisations in other countries. However, it was soon agreed among the major unions that the TUC should take the leading role and that this would be the central body of the organised Labour Movement in the UK. The GFTU continued in existence and remains to this day as a federation of (smaller, often craft-based) trade unions providing common services and facilities to its members (especially education and training services). </p><p>As the TUC expanded and formalised its role as the "General Staff of the Labour Movement" it incorporated the Trades Councils who had given birth to it, eventually becoming the body which authorised these local arms of the TUC to speak on behalf of the wider Trade Union Movement at local and County level. Also, as the TUC became increasingly bureaucratised, the Trades Councils (often led by militant and communist-influenced lay activists) found themselves being subject to political restrictions and purges (particularly during various anti-communist witch-hunts) and to having their role downplayed and marginalised. In some areas (especially in London and the South East) the Regional Councils of the TUC (dominated by paid officials of the unions) effectively took over the role of the County Associations of Trades Councils and these paid officials replaced elected lay-members as the spokespersons for the Trade Union Movement at County and Regional level. By the end of the 20th century local Trades Councils and County Associations of Trades Councils had become so ineffective and weak that many had simply faded into effective dissolution. </p><p>The 1899 Congress saw a motion "calling for a special conference to establish a voice for working people within parliament. Within the year the conference had been held and the Labour Representation Committee established (the forerunner of the Labour Party)."<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The major TUC affiliated unions still make up the great bulk of the British <a href="/wiki/Labour_Party_(UK)" title="Labour Party (UK)">Labour Party</a> affiliated membership, but there is no formal/organisational link between the TUC and the party. </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Scottish_Trades_Union_Congress" title="Scottish Trades Union Congress">Scottish Trades Union Congress</a>, which was formed in 1897, is a separate and autonomous organisation. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="20th_century">20th century</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Trades_Union_Congress&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: 20th century"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Parliamentary_Committee_of_the_Trades_Union_Congress" title="Parliamentary Committee of the Trades Union Congress">Parliamentary Committee</a> grew slowly, confining itself to legal matters, and ignored industrial disputes. In 1916 <a href="/wiki/Harry_Gosling" title="Harry Gosling">Harry Gosling</a> proposed that organised labour needed an administrative machine. Following the railway strike of 1919, <a href="/wiki/Ernest_Bevin" title="Ernest Bevin">Ernest Bevin</a> and <a href="/wiki/G._D._H._Cole" title="G. D. H. Cole">G. D. H. Cole</a> proposed a new system. The Parliamentary Committee became the General Council, representing thirty groups of workers. The <a href="/wiki/General_Secretary_of_the_Trades_Union_Congress" title="General Secretary of the Trades Union Congress">General Secretary of the Trades Union Congress</a> became chief permanent officer of the TUC, and a major figure in the British trade union movement. The system was successfully implemented by <a href="/wiki/Fred_Bramley" title="Fred Bramley">Fred Bramley</a> and <a href="/wiki/Walter_Citrine,_1st_Baron_Citrine" title="Walter Citrine, 1st Baron Citrine">Walter Citrine</a>. By 1927 the TUC had the making of a trade union bureaucracy similar to the civil service.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>During the First World War, the Trades Union Congress generally supported the aims of the British Empire. However, in 1915, national conference voted against the introduction of military conscription. </p><p>The TUC played a major role in the <a href="/wiki/1926_United_Kingdom_general_strike" title="1926 United Kingdom general strike">General Strike of 1926</a>, and became increasingly affiliated with the Labour Party in the 1930s, securing seven of the thirteen available seats on the newly created National Council of Labour in 1934. The TUC pressured the <a href="/wiki/Labour_Party_(UK)" title="Labour Party (UK)">Labour Party</a> into rejecting <a href="/wiki/Ramsay_MacDonald" title="Ramsay MacDonald">Ramsay MacDonald</a>'s <a href="/wiki/National_Government_(United_Kingdom)" title="National Government (United Kingdom)">National Government</a> formed to implement spending cuts, and no major trade unions joined his breakaway <a href="/wiki/National_Labour_Organisation" title="National Labour Organisation">National Labour Organisation</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A TUC survey of local trades councils who were approached by unemployed marchers for support in 1936 shows widespread support for unemployed workers' protest marches among the local trade union activists. The TUC leadership subsequently tried to distort the result of the survey to justify its own opposition toward unauthorised marches.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1945, the <a href="/wiki/1945_World_Trade_Union_Conference" class="mw-redirect" title="1945 World Trade Union Conference">World Trade Union Conference</a> took place in February at <a href="/wiki/County_Hall,_London" title="County Hall, London">County Hall, London</a>, before the first World Trade Union Congress was convened in Paris, October of the same year. </p><p>In 1958, the TUC's current headquarters, <a href="/wiki/Congress_House" title="Congress House">Congress House</a>, was built. It was proposed at the 1944 Congress in Blackpool as a tribute to the lives of trade unionists that were lost in <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a>. The idea was quickly expanded on to include conference and meeting facilities now known as Congress Centre. The building was also seen as an opportunity to raise interest in arts and culture, architecture in particular and the chance to design the building was left open to the public as a competition, which David Du R Aberdeen won.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> From 1979 to the end of the 20th century, the TUC's membership declined from about 12 million to about 6.6 million. This took place during and after the <a href="/wiki/Premiership_of_Margaret_Thatcher" title="Premiership of Margaret Thatcher">Premiership of Margaret Thatcher</a>, among other contributing factors.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="21st_century">21st century</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Trades_Union_Congress&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: 21st century"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Frances_O%27Grady,_Baroness_O%27Grady_of_Upper_Holloway" title="Frances O'Grady, Baroness O'Grady of Upper Holloway">Frances O'Grady</a> became elected to be the leader of the TUC in 2012.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The TUC endorsed a remain vote at the <a href="/wiki/2016_United_Kingdom_European_Union_membership_referendum" title="2016 United Kingdom European Union membership referendum">2016 European Union membership referendum</a>, and O'Grady participated in a televised debate.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In August 2022, the TUC declared its support for a £15 an hour minimum wage.<sup id="cite_ref-£15_an_hour,_August_2022_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-£15_an_hour,_August_2022-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Trades_Union_Congress&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239009302">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{clear:left;float:left;margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 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href="/w/index.php?title=Trades_Union_Congress&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gov.uk/government/statistics/trade-union-statistics-2022">"Trade union statistics 2022"</a>. <i>GOV.UK</i>. 24 May 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 June</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=TUC+%E2%80%93+History+Online&rft.pub=unionhistory.info&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.unionhistory.info%2Freports%2Fbook_view.php%3FBook%3DTUC%2520Report%2C%25201869%26Page%3D1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATrades+Union+Congress" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.unionhistory.info/reports/index.php">"TUC – History Online"</a>. unionhistory.info.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=TUC+%E2%80%93+History+Online&rft.pub=unionhistory.info&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.unionhistory.info%2Freports%2Findex.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATrades+Union+Congress" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Allen, 1960</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFThorpe1997" class="citation book cs1">Thorpe, Andrew (1997). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://link.springer.com/10.1007/978-1-349-25305-0"><i>A History of the British Labour Party</i></a>. London: Macmillan Education UK. pp. 76–77. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1007%2F978-1-349-25305-0">10.1007/978-1-349-25305-0</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-333-56081-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-333-56081-5"><bdi>978-0-333-56081-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+History+of+the+British+Labour+Party&rft.place=London&rft.pages=76-77&rft.pub=Macmillan+Education+UK&rft.date=1997&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1007%2F978-1-349-25305-0&rft.isbn=978-0-333-56081-5&rft.aulast=Thorpe&rft.aufirst=Andrew&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Flink.springer.com%2F10.1007%2F978-1-349-25305-0&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATrades+Union+Congress" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Matthias Reiss, "Circulars, Surveys and Support: Trades Councils and the Marches of 1936," <i>Labour History Review</i> (2008) 73#1 pp 89–112.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.congresscentre.co.uk/the-history-of-congress-centre/">"The History of Congress Centre"</a>. <i>Congress Centre</i>. 3 February 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 September</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Congress+Centre&rft.atitle=The+History+of+Congress+Centre&rft.date=2020-02-03&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.congresscentre.co.uk%2Fthe-history-of-congress-centre%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATrades+Union+Congress" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/topic/Trades-Union-Congress-British-organization">"Trades Union Congress"</a>. <i>Encyclopaedia Britannica</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 August</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Encyclopaedia+Britannica&rft.atitle=Trades+Union+Congress&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.britannica.com%2Ftopic%2FTrades-Union-Congress-British-organization&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATrades+Union+Congress" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHarvey2007" class="citation book cs1">Harvey, David (4 January 2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=F5DZvEVt890C&pg=PA59"><i>A Brief History of Neoliberalism</i></a>. OUP Oxford. p. 59. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-162294-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-162294-6"><bdi>978-0-19-162294-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Brief+History+of+Neoliberalism&rft.pages=59&rft.pub=OUP+Oxford&rft.date=2007-01-04&rft.isbn=978-0-19-162294-6&rft.aulast=Harvey&rft.aufirst=David&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DF5DZvEVt890C%26pg%3DPA59&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATrades+Union+Congress" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBolderson2012" class="citation news cs1">Bolderson, Claire (7 September 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-politics-19436060">"Profile: Frances O'Grady"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 January</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Profile%3A+Frances+O%27Grady&rft.date=2012-09-07&rft.aulast=Bolderson&rft.aufirst=Claire&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.com%2Fnews%2Fuk-politics-19436060&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATrades+Union+Congress" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160128092315/http://uk.reuters.com/article/uk-britain-eu-unions-idUKKCN0V517D">"Britain's unions ready to join fight to stay in European Union, top official says"</a>. <i>Reuters</i>. 28 January 2016. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://uk.reuters.com/article/uk-britain-eu-unions-idUKKCN0V517D">the original</a> on 28 January 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 January</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Reuters&rft.atitle=Britain%27s+unions+ready+to+join+fight+to+stay+in+European+Union%2C+top+official+says&rft.date=2016-01-28&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fuk.reuters.com%2Farticle%2Fuk-britain-eu-unions-idUKKCN0V517D&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATrades+Union+Congress" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bibliography">Bibliography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Trades_Union_Congress&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Bibliography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin refbegin-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em"> <ul><li>Allen, V L. "The Re-Organization of the Trades Union Congress, 1918–1927," <i>British Journal of Sociology</i> (1960) 11#1 pp 14–43. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/587039">in JSTOR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clegg,_Hugh_Armstrong" class="mw-redirect" title="Clegg, Hugh Armstrong">Clegg, Hugh Armstrong</a>, <a href="/wiki/Alan_Fox_(sociologist)" title="Alan Fox (sociologist)">Alan Fox</a>, and A.F. Thompson. <i>A History of British Trade Unions since 1889, vol. 1, 1889–1910</i> (Clarendon Press, 1964)</li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hugh_Clegg_(industrial_relations)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hugh Clegg (industrial relations)">Clegg, H.A.</a> et al. <i>A History of British Trade Unions Since 1889</i> (1964); <i>A History of British Trade Unions Since 1889: vol. 2 1911–1933</i>. (1985); <i>A History of British Trade Unionism Since 1889, vol. 3: 1934–51</i> (1994), The major scholarly history; highly detailed. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/bwb_P7-CRI-581_1/page/n6/mode/1up">vol 1 online</a> also <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/historyofbritish0000cleg/page/n6/mode/1up">vol 2 online</a>; also <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/historyofbritish0003cleg/page/n6/mode/1up">vol 3 online</a></li> <li>Davis, W J. <i>The British Trades Union Congress: History and Recollections</i> (2 vols, 1910–16; reprint Garland, 1984) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/cu31924002280067">online</a></li></ul> <ul><li>Dorfman, Gerald A. <i>British Trade Unionism against the Trades Union Congress</i> (London: Macmillan, 1983) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/britishtradeunio0000dorf">online</a></li> <li>Lovell, John, and B C. Roberts. <i>A Short History of the T.U.C.</i> (London: Macmillan, 1968) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/shorthistoryoftu0000john">online</a></li> <li>Martin, Ross M. <i>TUC: The Growth of a Pressure Group 1868–1976</i> (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1980) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/tucgrowthofpress0000mart">online</a></li> <li>Musson, A. E. <i>Trade Union and Social History</i> (London: Cass, 1974)</li> <li>Renshaw, Patrick. "The Origins of The Trades Union Congress" <i>History Today</i> (July 1968), Vol. 18 Issue 7, pp 456–463; online' covers 1840 to 1868.</li> <li>Roberts, B C. <i>The Trades Union Congress 1868–1921</i> (Harvard UP, 1958). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/dli.ernet.506115">online</a></li> <li>Taylor, R. <i>The TUC: From the General Strike to New Unionism</i> (2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/tucfromgeneralst0000tayl/page/n5/mode/2up">online</a></li></ul> <ul><li>Wrigley, Chris, ed. <i>British Trade Unions, 1945–1995</i> (Manchester UP, 1997) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/britishtradeunio0000wrig">online</a></li> <li><i>The History of the TUC (Trades Union Congress) 1868–1968: A pictorial Survey of a Social Revolution — Illustrated with Contemporary Prints, Documents and Photographs edited by Lionel Birch</i>; published in large paperback by Hamlyn/General Council of Trade Union Congress in 1968 with a foreword by George Woodcock</li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Trades_Union_Congress&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Trades_Union_Congress" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Trades Union Congress">Trades Union Congress</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><span class="official-website"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.tuc.org.uk/">Official website</a></span></span></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://mrc.epexio.com/records/TUC">Catalogue of the TUC archives</a>, held at the <a href="/wiki/Modern_Records_Centre,_University_of_Warwick" title="Modern Records Centre, University of Warwick">Modern Records Centre, University of Warwick</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.worksmart.org.uk/unionfinder">TUC unionfinder tool to find unions by sector or company</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.unionhistory.info/">The Union Makes Us Strong: TUC History Online</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www2.warwick.ac.uk/services/library/mrc/explorefurther/digital/scw/more/tuc">"The Trades Union Congress, 1936–1939: Its history and organisation", Modern Records Centre, University of Warwick</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www2.warwick.ac.uk/services/library/mrc/explorefurther/digital/scw">"Trabajadores: The Spanish Civil War through the eyes of organised labour"</a>, a digitised collection of more than 13,000 pages of documents from the archives of the TUC held in the <a href="/wiki/Modern_Records_Centre,_University_of_Warwick" title="Modern Records Centre, University of Warwick">Modern Records Centre, University of Warwick</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.higherlearningatwork.org/">Higher Learning at Work – TUC unionlearn's guide to learning at work </a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://strongerunions.org/">Stronger Unions – The TUC organising team's blog </a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archives.lib.umd.edu/repositories/2/resources/1459">Trades Union Congress papers</a>, at the University of Maryland libraries.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/business-62656500">Minimum wage should rise to £15 for all workers, says TUC</a>. 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class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:European_Trade_Union_Confederation" title="Template talk:European Trade Union Confederation"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:European_Trade_Union_Confederation" title="Special:EditPage/Template:European Trade Union Confederation"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="European_Trade_Union_Confederation" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/European_Trade_Union_Confederation" title="European Trade Union Confederation">European Trade Union Confederation</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div>Portals: <a href="/wiki/Portal:Organized_labor" class="mw-redirect" title="Portal:Organized labor">Organised labour</a>, <a href="/wiki/Portal:European_Union" title="Portal:European Union">European Union</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Members</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Trade_Union_Andorra" class="mw-redirect" title="Trade Union Andorra">Andorra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Austrian_Trade_Union_Federation" title="Austrian Trade Union Federation">Austria</a></li> <li>Belgium <ul><li><a href="/wiki/General_Labour_Federation_of_Belgium" title="General Labour Federation of Belgium">General Labour Federation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Confederation_of_Christian_Trade_Unions" title="Confederation of Christian Trade Unions">Confederation of Christian Trade Unions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/General_Confederation_of_Liberal_Trade_Unions_of_Belgium" title="General Confederation of Liberal Trade Unions of Belgium">General Confederation of Liberal Trade Unions</a></li></ul></li> <li>Bulgaria <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Confederation_of_Independent_Trade_Unions_of_Bulgaria" title="Confederation of Independent Trade Unions of Bulgaria">Confederation of Independent Trade Unions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Confederation_of_Labour" class="mw-redirect" title="Confederation of Labour">Confederation of Labour</a></li></ul></li> <li>Croatia <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Independent_Trade_Unions_of_Croatia" title="Independent Trade Unions of Croatia">Independent Trade Unions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Union_of_Autonomous_Trade_Unions_of_Croatia" title="Union of Autonomous Trade Unions of Croatia">Union of Autonomous Trade Unions</a></li></ul></li> <li>Cyprus <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Labour_Federation_of_Cyprus" title="Democratic Labour Federation of Cyprus">Democratic Labour Federation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyprus_Workers%27_Confederation" title="Cyprus Workers' Confederation">Workers' Confederation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkish_Workers%27_Trade_Union_Federation" class="mw-redirect" title="Turkish Workers' Trade Union Federation">Workers' Trade Union Federation</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Czech-Moravian_Confederation_of_Trade_Unions" title="Czech-Moravian Confederation of Trade Unions">Czech Republic</a></li> <li>Denmark <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Danish_Confederation_of_Professional_Associations" class="mw-redirect" title="Danish Confederation of Professional Associations">Confederation of Professional Associations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Danish_Trade_Union_Confederation" title="Danish Trade Union Confederation">Trade Union Confederation</a></li></ul></li> <li>Estonia <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Estonian_Employees%27_Unions%27_Association" class="mw-redirect" title="Estonian Employees' Unions' Association">Employees' Unions' Association</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Association_of_Estonian_Trade_Unions" class="mw-redirect" title="Association of Estonian Trade Unions">Association of Trade Unions</a></li></ul></li> <li>Finland <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Finnish_Confederation_of_Professionals" title="Finnish Confederation of Professionals">Confederation of Professionals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_Organisation_of_Finnish_Trade_Unions" title="Central Organisation of Finnish Trade Unions">Central Organisation of Trade Unions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Confederation_of_Unions_for_Professional_and_Managerial_Staff_in_Finland" title="Confederation of Unions for Professional and Managerial Staff in Finland">Confederation of Unions for Professional and Managerial Staff</a></li></ul></li> <li>France <ul><li><a href="/wiki/French_Confederation_of_Christian_Workers" title="French Confederation of Christian Workers">Confederation of Christian Workers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_Democratic_Confederation_of_Labour" title="French Democratic Confederation of Labour">Democratic Confederation of Labour</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Union_of_Autonomous_Trade_Unions" title="National Union of Autonomous Trade Unions">Union of Autonomous Trade Unions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conf%C3%A9d%C3%A9ration_G%C3%A9n%C3%A9rale_du_Travail" class="mw-redirect" title="Confédération Générale du Travail">General Confederation of Labour</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Workers%27_Force" title="Workers' Force">Workers' Force</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_Confederation_of_Trade_Unions" class="mw-redirect" title="German Confederation of Trade Unions">Germany</a></li> <li>Greece <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Confederation_of_Greek_Civil_Servants%27_Trade_Unions" class="mw-redirect" title="Confederation of Greek Civil Servants' Trade Unions">Confederation of Civil Servants' Trade Unions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greek_General_Confederation_of_Labour" class="mw-redirect" title="Greek General Confederation of Labour">General Confederation of Labour</a></li></ul></li> <li>Hungary <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hungarian_Trade_Union_Confederation&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hungarian Trade Union Confederation (page does not exist)">Trade Union Confederation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Federation_of_Workers%27_Councils" title="National Federation of Workers' Councils">Federation of Workers' Councils</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Forum_for_the_Co-operation_of_Trade_Union&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Forum for the Co-operation of Trade Union (page does not exist)">Forum for the Co-operation of Trade Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Democratic_League_of_Independent_Trade_Unions" class="mw-redirect" title="Democratic League of Independent Trade Unions">Democratic League of Independent Trade Unions</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Confederation_of_Unions_of_Professionals&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Confederation of Unions of Professionals (page does not exist)">Confederation of Unions of Professionals</a></li></ul></li> <li>Iceland <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Confederation_of_State_and_Municipal_Employees" class="mw-redirect" title="Confederation of State and Municipal Employees">Confederation of State and Municipal Employees</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Iceland_Confederation_of_Academics&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Iceland Confederation of Academics (page does not exist)">Confederation of Academics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Icelandic_Confederation_of_Labour" title="Icelandic Confederation of Labour">Confederation of Labour</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irish_Congress_of_Trade_Unions" title="Irish Congress of Trade Unions">Ireland</a></li> <li>Italy <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Italian_Confederation_of_Workers%27_Trade_Unions" class="mw-redirect" title="Italian Confederation of Workers' Trade Unions">Confederation of Workers' Trade Unions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_General_Confederation_of_Labour" title="Italian General Confederation of Labour">General Confederation of Labour</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_Union_of_Labour" class="mw-redirect" title="Italian Union of Labour">Union of Labour</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Union_of_Independent_Trade_Unions_of_Latvia" class="mw-redirect" title="Union of Independent Trade Unions of Latvia">Latvia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liechtenstein_Federation_of_Employees" class="mw-redirect" title="Liechtenstein Federation of Employees">Liechtenstein</a></li> <li>Lithuania <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lithuanian_Labour_Federation" title="Lithuanian Labour Federation">Labour Federation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lithuanian_Trade_Union_Confederation" title="Lithuanian Trade Union Confederation">Trade Union Confederation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lithuanian_Trade_Union_%E2%80%93_Solidarity" title="Lithuanian Trade Union – Solidarity">Solidarity</a></li></ul></li> <li>Luxembourg <ul><li><a href="/wiki/General_Confederation_of_Labour_of_Luxembourg" title="General Confederation of Labour of Luxembourg">General Confederation of Labour</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luxembourg_Christian_Trade_Union_Confederation" class="mw-redirect" title="Luxembourg Christian Trade Union Confederation">Christian Trade Union Confederation</a></li></ul></li> <li>Malta <ul><li><a href="/wiki/General_Workers%27_Union_(Malta)" title="General Workers' Union (Malta)">General Workers' Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Confederation_of_Malta_Trade_Unions" title="Confederation of Malta Trade Unions">Confederation of Trade Unions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Forum_of_Maltese_Unions" title="Forum of Maltese Unions">Forum of Unions</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Union_of_Trade_Unions_of_Monaco" title="Union of Trade Unions of Monaco">Monaco</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Union_of_Free_Trade_Unions_of_Montenegro&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Union of Free Trade Unions of Montenegro (page does not exist)">Montenegro</a></li> <li>Netherlands <ul><li><a href="/wiki/National_Federation_of_Christian_Trade_Unions" class="mw-redirect" title="National Federation of Christian Trade Unions">Federation of Christian Trade Unions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Netherlands_Trade_Union_Confederation" class="mw-redirect" title="Netherlands Trade Union Confederation">Trade Union Confederation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trade_Union_Federation_for_Professionals" title="Trade Union Federation for Professionals">Trade Union Federation for Professionals</a></li></ul></li> <li>North Macedonia <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Federation_of_Trade_Unions_of_Macedonia" title="Federation of Trade Unions of Macedonia">Federation of Trade Unions</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Macedonian_Confederation_Of_Free_Trade_Unions&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Macedonian Confederation Of Free Trade Unions (page does not exist)">Confederation Of Free Trade Unions</a></li></ul></li> <li>Norway <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Confederation_of_Unions_for_the_Professionals" class="mw-redirect" title="Confederation of Unions for the Professionals">Confederation of Unions for the Professionals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Confederation_of_Vocational_Trade_Unions" class="mw-redirect" title="Confederation of Vocational Trade Unions">Confederation of Vocational Trade Unions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norwegian_Confederation_of_Trade_Unions" title="Norwegian Confederation of Trade Unions">Confederation of Trade Unions</a></li></ul></li> <li>Poland <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Solidarity_(Polish_trade_union)" title="Solidarity (Polish trade union)">Solidarity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/All-Poland_Alliance_of_Trade_Unions" title="All-Poland Alliance of Trade Unions">Alliance of Trade Unions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trade_Unions_Forum" title="Trade Unions Forum">Trade Unions Forum</a></li></ul></li> <li>Portugal <ul><li><a href="/wiki/General_Workers%27_Union_-_Portugal" class="mw-redirect" title="General Workers' Union - Portugal">General Workers' Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/General_Confederation_of_Portuguese_Workers" class="mw-redirect" title="General Confederation of Portuguese Workers">General Confederation of Workers</a></li></ul></li> <li>Romania <ul><li><a href="/wiki/National_Confederation_of_Free_Trade_Unions_of_Romania" class="mw-redirect" title="National Confederation of Free Trade Unions of Romania">Confederation of Free Trade Unions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Trade_Union_Confederation_of_Romania" title="Democratic Trade Union Confederation of Romania">Democratic Trade Union Confederation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Trade_Union_Bloc" title="National Trade Union Bloc">Trade Union Bloc</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Trade_Union_Confederation_(Romania)" title="National Trade Union Confederation (Romania)">Trade Union Confederation</a></li></ul></li> <li>San Marino <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Confederation_of_San_Marino_Workers" title="Democratic Confederation of San Marino Workers">Democratic Confederation of Workers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Union_of_San_Marino_Workers" title="Union of San Marino Workers">Union of Workers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Marino_Labour_Confederation" class="mw-redirect" title="San Marino Labour Confederation">Labour Confederation</a></li></ul></li> <li>Serbia <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Independence_Trade_Union_Confederation" class="mw-redirect" title="Independence Trade Union Confederation">Independence Trade Union Confederation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Confederation_of_Autonomous_Trade_Unions_of_Serbia" title="Confederation of Autonomous Trade Unions of Serbia">Confederation of Autonomous Trade Unions</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Confederation_of_Trade_Unions_of_the_Slovak_Republic" title="Confederation of Trade Unions of the Slovak Republic">Slovakia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slovenian_Association_of_Free_Trade_Unions" class="mw-redirect" title="Slovenian Association of Free Trade Unions">Slovenia</a></li> <li>Spain <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Basque_Workers%27_Union" class="mw-redirect" title="Basque Workers' Union">Basque Workers' Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/General_Workers%27_Union_-_Spain" class="mw-redirect" title="General Workers' Union - Spain">General Workers' Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trade_Union_Confederation_of_Workers%27_Commissions" class="mw-redirect" title="Trade Union Confederation of Workers' Commissions">Trade Union Confederation of Workers' Commissions</a></li></ul></li> <li>Sweden <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Swedish_Confederation_of_Professional_Associations" title="Swedish Confederation of Professional Associations">Confederation of Professional Associations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swedish_Confederation_of_Professional_Employees" title="Swedish Confederation of Professional Employees">Confederation of Professional Employees</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swedish_Trade_Union_Confederation" title="Swedish Trade Union Confederation">Trade Union Confederation</a></li></ul></li> <li>Switzerland <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Swiss_Trade_Union_Confederation" class="mw-redirect" title="Swiss Trade Union Confederation">Trade Union Confederation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swiss_Workers" class="mw-redirect" title="Swiss Workers">Workers</a></li></ul></li> <li>Turkey <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Confederation_of_Progressive_Trade_Unions_of_Turkey" class="mw-redirect" title="Confederation of Progressive Trade Unions of Turkey">Confederation of Progressive Trade Unions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Confederation_of_Public_Employees%27_Trade_Unions" class="mw-redirect" title="Confederation of Public Employees' Trade Unions">Confederation of Public Employees' Trade Unions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Confederation_of_Turkish_Real_Trade_Unions" title="Confederation of Turkish Real Trade Unions">Confederation of Real Trade Unions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Confederation_of_Turkish_Trade_Unions" title="Confederation of Turkish Trade Unions">Confederation of Trade Unions</a></li></ul></li> <li>Ukraine <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Federation_of_Trade_Unions_of_Ukraine" title="Federation of Trade Unions of Ukraine">Federation of Trade Unions of Ukraine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Confederation_of_Free_Trade_Unions_of_Ukraine" title="Confederation of Free Trade Unions of Ukraine">Confederation of Free Trade Unions of Ukraine</a></li></ul></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">United Kingdom</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Trades_Union_Congress" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Trades_Union_Congress" title="Template:Trades Union Congress"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Trades_Union_Congress" title="Template talk:Trades Union Congress"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Trades_Union_Congress" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Trades Union Congress"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Trades_Union_Congress" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Trades Union Congress</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Positions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/General_Secretary_of_the_Trades_Union_Congress" title="General Secretary of the Trades Union Congress">General Secretary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/General_Secretary_of_the_Trades_Union_Congress#Deputy_General_Secretaries_of_the_TUC" title="General Secretary of the Trades Union Congress">Deputy General Secretary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/General_Secretary_of_the_Trades_Union_Congress#Assistant_General_Secretaries_of_the_TUC" title="General Secretary of the Trades Union Congress">Assistant General Secretary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/General_Council_of_the_Trades_Union_Congress" title="General Council of the Trades Union Congress">General Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/President_of_the_Trades_Union_Congress" title="President of the Trades Union Congress">President</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Bodies</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/General_Council_of_the_Trades_Union_Congress" title="General Council of the Trades Union Congress">General Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parliamentary_Committee_of_the_Trades_Union_Congress" title="Parliamentary Committee of the Trades Union Congress">Parliamentary Committee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wales_TUC" title="Wales TUC">Wales TUC</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_affiliates_of_the_Trades_Union_Congress" title="List of affiliates of the Trades Union Congress">Affiliates</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Accord_(trade_union)" title="Accord (trade union)">Accord</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Advance_(trade_union)" title="Advance (trade union)">Advance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aegis_the_Union" title="Aegis the Union">Aegis</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Artists%27_Union_England&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Artists' Union England (page does not exist)">AUE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ASLEF" title="ASLEF">ASLEF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Association_of_Educational_Psychologists" title="Association of Educational Psychologists">AEP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Association_of_Flight_Attendants_(UK)" title="Association of Flight Attendants (UK)">AFA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bakers,_Food_and_Allied_Workers%27_Union" title="Bakers, Food and Allied Workers' Union">BFAWU</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_Airline_Pilots%27_Association" title="British Airline Pilots' Association">BALPA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_Dietetic_Association" title="British Dietetic Association">BDA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_and_Irish_Orthoptic_Society" title="British and Irish Orthoptic Society">BOSTU</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chartered_Society_of_Physiotherapy" title="Chartered Society of Physiotherapy">CSP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Communication_Workers_Union_(UK)" class="mw-redirect" title="Communication Workers Union (UK)">CWU</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Community_(trade_union)" title="Community (trade union)">Community</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Educational_Institute_of_Scotland" title="Educational Institute of Scotland">EIS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Equity_(trade_union)" class="mw-redirect" title="Equity (trade union)">Equity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/FDA_(trade_union)" title="FDA (trade union)">FDA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fire_Brigades_Union" title="Fire Brigades Union">FBU</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GMB_(trade_union)" title="GMB (trade union)">GMB</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hospital_Consultants_and_Specialists_Association" title="Hospital Consultants and Specialists Association">HCSA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Musicians%27_Union_(UK)" class="mw-redirect" title="Musicians' Union (UK)">MU</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Napo_(trade_union)" title="Napo (trade union)">Napo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Association_of_Head_Teachers" title="National Association of Head Teachers">NAHT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Association_of_Racing_Staff" title="National Association of Racing Staff">NARS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NASUWT" title="NASUWT">NASUWT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Education_Union" title="National Education Union">NEU</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=National_Society_for_Education_in_Art_and_Design&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="National Society for Education in Art and Design (page does not exist)">NSEAD</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Union_of_Journalists" title="National Union of Journalists">NUJ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nautilus_UK" class="mw-redirect" title="Nautilus UK">Nautilus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Union_of_Mineworkers_(Great_Britain)" title="National Union of Mineworkers (Great Britain)">NUM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nationwide_Group_Staff_Union" title="Nationwide Group Staff Union">NGSU</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/POA_(trade_union)" title="POA (trade union)">POA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Professional_Footballers%27_Association" title="Professional Footballers' Association">PFA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prospect_(trade_union)" title="Prospect (trade union)">Prospect</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_and_Commercial_Services_Union" title="Public and Commercial Services Union">PCS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_College_of_Midwives" title="Royal College of Midwives">RCM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RMT_(trade_union)" title="RMT (trade union)">RMT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Society_of_Chiropodists_and_Podiatrists" class="mw-redirect" title="Society of Chiropodists and Podiatrists">SCP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Society_of_Radiographers" title="Society of Radiographers">SoR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transport_Salaried_Staffs%27_Association" title="Transport Salaried Staffs' Association">TSSA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Undeb_Cenedlaethol_Athrawon_Cymru" title="Undeb Cenedlaethol Athrawon Cymru">UCAC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Union_of_Shop,_Distributive_and_Allied_Workers" title="Union of Shop, Distributive and Allied Workers">USDAW</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/UNISON" class="mw-redirect" title="UNISON">UNISON</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unite_the_Union" title="Unite the Union">Unite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Road_Transport_Union" title="United Road Transport Union">URTU</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_and_College_Union" title="University and College Union">UCU</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Writers%27_Guild_of_Great_Britain" title="Writers' Guild of Great Britain">WGGB</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span><span class="nowrap"> </span><a href="/wiki/Category:Trades_Union_Congress" title="Category:Trades Union Congress">Category</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Commons page"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/24px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span><span class="nowrap"> </span><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Trades_Union_Congress" class="extiw" title="c:Category:Trades Union Congress">Commons</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Economy_of_the_United_Kingdom" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Economy_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Template:Economy of the United Kingdom"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Economy_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Template talk:Economy of the United Kingdom"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Economy_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Economy of the United Kingdom"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Economy_of_the_United_Kingdom" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Economy of the United Kingdom">Economy of the United Kingdom</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center">Companies</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/British_co-operative_movement" title="British co-operative movement">Co-operatives</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Employee-owned_companies_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Category:Employee-owned companies of the United Kingdom">Employee-owned companies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/FTSE_100_Index" title="FTSE 100 Index">FTSE 100 Index</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/FTSE_250_Index" title="FTSE 250 Index">FTSE 250 Index</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/FTSE_Fledgling_Index" title="FTSE Fledgling Index">FTSE Fledgling Index</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/FTSE_SmallCap_Index" title="FTSE SmallCap Index">FTSE SmallCap Index</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Government-owned_companies_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Category:Government-owned companies of the United Kingdom">Government-owned companies</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center">Currency,<br />governance,<br />regulation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bank_of_England" title="Bank of England">Bank of England</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Governor_of_the_Bank_of_England" title="Governor of the Bank of England">Governor of the Bank of England</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monetary_Policy_Committee_(United_Kingdom)" title="Monetary Policy Committee (United Kingdom)">Monetary Policy Committee</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Budget_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Budget of the United Kingdom">Budget</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom_company_law" title="United Kingdom company law">Company law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Competition_and_Markets_Authority" title="Competition and Markets Authority">Competition and Markets Authority</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Department_for_Business_and_Trade" title="Department for Business and Trade">Department for Business and Trade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Financial_Conduct_Authority" title="Financial Conduct Authority">Financial Conduct Authority</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gilt-edged_securities" title="Gilt-edged securities">Gilts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HM_Revenue_%26_Customs" class="mw-redirect" title="HM Revenue & Customs">HM Revenue & Customs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HM_Treasury" title="HM Treasury">HM Treasury</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chancellor_of_the_Exchequer" title="Chancellor of the Exchequer">Chancellor of the Exchequer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Debt_Management_Office_(United_Kingdom)" title="Debt Management Office (United Kingdom)">Debt Management Office</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Office_for_Budget_Responsibility" title="Office for Budget Responsibility">Office for Budget Responsibility</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pound_sterling" title="Pound sterling">Pound sterling</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Banknotes_of_the_pound_sterling" title="Banknotes of the pound sterling">Banknotes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coins_of_the_pound_sterling" title="Coins of the pound sterling">Coinage</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taxation_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Taxation in the United Kingdom">Taxation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/UK_Statistics_Authority" title="UK Statistics Authority">UK Statistics Authority</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/UK_Trade_%26_Investment" title="UK Trade & Investment">UK Trade & Investment</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center"><a href="/wiki/Economic_history_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Economic history of the United Kingdom">History</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em;text-align:left;background-color:#eee">Chronological</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Navigation_Acts" title="Navigation Acts">1659–1849 Navigation Acts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_Agricultural_Revolution" title="British Agricultural Revolution">Agricultural Revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Industrial_Revolution" title="Industrial Revolution">Industrial Revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Financial_Revolution" title="Financial Revolution">Financial Revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panic_of_1796%E2%80%9397" class="mw-redirect" title="Panic of 1796–97">Panic of 1796–97</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corn_Laws" title="Corn Laws">1815–46 Corn Laws</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Imperialism" title="New Imperialism">New Imperialism 1830s–1945</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Industrial_Revolution" title="Second Industrial Revolution">Second Industrial Revolution 1860s–1914</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Long_Depression" title="Long Depression">1873–79 Long Depression</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1926_United_Kingdom_general_strike" title="1926 United Kingdom general strike">1926 general strike</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Depression_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Great Depression in the United Kingdom">1929–39 Great Depression</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marshall_Plan" title="Marshall Plan">1948–52 Marshall Plan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Three-Day_Week" title="Three-Day Week">1974 Three-Day Week</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Winter_of_Discontent" title="Winter of Discontent">1979 Winter of Discontent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Big_Bang_(financial_markets)" title="Big Bang (financial markets)">1986 Big Bang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_Wednesday" title="Black Wednesday">1992 Black Wednesday</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Recession_in_Europe#United_Kingdom" title="Great Recession in Europe">Late-2000s recession</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2008_United_Kingdom_bank_rescue_package" title="2008 United Kingdom bank rescue package">2008 bank rescue package</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2009_United_Kingdom_bank_rescue_package" title="2009 United Kingdom bank rescue package">2009 bank rescue package</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brexit" title="Brexit">2020 Withdrawal from the European Union</a> (<a href="/wiki/Growth_deal" title="Growth deal">Growth deal</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Government_of_the_United_Kingdom%27s_financial_response_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic" class="mw-redirect" title="Government of the United Kingdom's financial response to the COVID-19 pandemic">COVID-19 pandemic</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Economic_impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Economic impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in the United Kingdom">Impact</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2021%E2%80%93present_United_Kingdom_cost-of-living_crisis" title="2021–present United Kingdom cost-of-living crisis">Cost-of-living crisis</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em;text-align:left;background-color:#eee">Recurrent</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Economic_geography_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Economic geography of the United Kingdom">Economic geography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Free_trade" title="Free trade">Free trade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gold_standard" title="Gold standard">Gold standard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_recessions_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="List of recessions in the United Kingdom">Recessions and recoveries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_champions" title="National champions">National champions policy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economic_liberalism" title="Economic liberalism">Economic liberalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Privatization" title="Privatization">Privatisation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nationalization#United_Kingdom" title="Nationalization">Nationalisation</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center">Nations,<br />regions,<br />cities</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em;text-align:left;background-color:#eee"><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_England" title="Economy of England">England</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Atlantic_Gateway_(North_West_England)" title="Atlantic Gateway (North West England)">Atlantic Gateway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Birmingham" title="Economy of Birmingham">Birmingham</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Big_City_Plan" title="Big City Plan">Big City Plan</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Bristol" title="Economy of Bristol">Bristol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Cornwall" title="Economy of Cornwall">Cornwall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_the_London_Borough_of_Croydon" title="Economy of the London Borough of Croydon">Croydon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Devon" title="Economy of Devon">Devon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Dorset" title="Economy of Dorset">Dorset</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Expansion_plans_for_Milton_Keynes" title="Expansion plans for Milton Keynes">Expansion plans for Milton Keynes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fishing_industry_in_England" title="Fishing industry in England">Fishing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Leeds" title="Economy of Leeds">Leeds</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_ceremonial_counties_in_England_by_GDP" title="List of ceremonial counties in England by GDP">List of counties by GDP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_ceremonial_counties_in_England_by_gross_value_added" class="mw-redirect" title="List of ceremonial counties in England by gross value added">List of counties by GVA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Liverpool" title="Economy of Liverpool">Liverpool</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_London" title="Economy of London">London</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/East_London_Tech_City" title="East London Tech City">East London Tech City</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/London_Plan" title="London Plan">London Plan</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M4_corridor" title="M4 corridor">M4 corridor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M11_Corridor" class="mw-redirect" title="M11 Corridor">M11 Corridor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Manchester" title="Economy of Manchester">Manchester</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Reading,_Berkshire" title="Economy of Reading, Berkshire">Reading</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Sheffield" title="Economy of Sheffield">Sheffield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Silicon_Fen" title="Silicon Fen">Silicon Fen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Somerset" title="Economy of Somerset">Somerset</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thames_Gateway" title="Thames Gateway">Thames Gateway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tourism_in_England" title="Tourism in England">Tourism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transport_in_England" title="Transport in England">Transport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Wiltshire" title="Economy of Wiltshire">Wiltshire</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em;text-align:left;background-color:#eee"><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Northern_Ireland" title="Economy of Northern Ireland">Northern<br />Ireland</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Belfast" title="Economy of Belfast">Belfast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transport_in_Ireland" title="Transport in Ireland">Transport</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em;text-align:left;background-color:#eee"><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Scotland" title="Economy of Scotland">Scotland</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Aberdeen" title="Economy of Aberdeen">Aberdeen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agriculture_in_Scotland" title="Agriculture in Scotland">Agriculture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Edinburgh" title="Economy of Edinburgh">Edinburgh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Industrial_Revolution_in_Scotland" title="Industrial Revolution in Scotland">Industrialisation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fishing_industry_in_Scotland" title="Fishing industry in Scotland">Fishing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economic_history_of_Scotland" title="Economic history of Scotland">History</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Oil_and_gas_industry_in_Scotland" title="Category:Oil and gas industry in Scotland">Oil and gas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Renewable_energy_in_Scotland" title="Renewable energy in Scotland">Renewable energy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Silicon_Glen" title="Silicon Glen">Silicon Glen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tourism_in_Scotland" title="Tourism in Scotland">Tourism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transport_in_Scotland" title="Transport in Scotland">Transport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scotch_whisky" title="Scotch whisky">Whisky</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em;text-align:left;background-color:#eee"><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Wales" title="Economy of Wales">Wales</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Agriculture_in_Wales" title="Agriculture in Wales">Agriculture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Cardiff" title="Economy of Cardiff">Cardiff</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(<a href="/wiki/Cardiff_Bay" title="Cardiff Bay">Cardiff Bay</a>)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fishing_industry_in_Wales" title="Fishing industry in Wales">Fishing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economic_history_of_Wales" title="Economic history of Wales">History</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Industrial_Revolution_in_Wales" title="Industrial Revolution in Wales">Industrialisation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Renewable_energy_in_Wales" title="Renewable energy in Wales">Renewable energy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Swansea" title="Economy of Swansea">Swansea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tourism_in_Wales" title="Tourism in Wales">Tourism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transport_in_Wales" title="Transport in Wales">Transport</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center">People<br />and labour</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:British_billionaires" title="Category:British billionaires">Billionaires</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:British_businesspeople" title="Category:British businesspeople">Businesspeople</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Demographics of the United Kingdom">Demography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Income_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Income in the United Kingdom">Income</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Poverty_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Poverty in the United Kingdom">Poverty</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom_labour_law" title="United Kingdom labour law">Labour law</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom_employment_equality_law" title="United Kingdom employment equality law">Equal opportunities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Minimum_Wage_Act_1998" title="National Minimum Wage Act 1998">Minimum wage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Working_Time_Directive_2003" title="Working Time Directive 2003">Working Time Directive</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pensions_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Pensions in the United Kingdom">Pensions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trade_unions_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Trade unions in the United Kingdom">Trades unions</a> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Trades Union Congress</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unemployment_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Unemployment in the United Kingdom">Unemployment</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center">Sectors</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em;text-align:left;background-color:#eee"><a href="/wiki/List_of_renewable_resources_produced_and_traded_by_the_United_Kingdom" title="List of renewable resources produced and traded by the United Kingdom">Resource and<br />production</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Energy_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Energy in the United Kingdom">Energy</a>/<a href="/wiki/Renewable_energy_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Renewable energy in the United Kingdom">Renewable energy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Biodiesel_in_the_United_Kingdom" class="mw-redirect" title="Biodiesel in the United Kingdom">Biodiesel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coal_mining_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Coal mining in the United Kingdom">Coal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geothermal_power_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Geothermal power in the United Kingdom">Geothermal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hydraulic_fracturing_in_the_United_Kingdom" class="mw-redirect" title="Hydraulic fracturing in the United Kingdom">Fracking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hydroelectricity_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Hydroelectricity in the United Kingdom">Hydroelectricity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Renewable_energy_in_the_United_Kingdom#Ocean_power" title="Renewable energy in the United Kingdom">Marine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Sea_oil" title="North Sea oil">North Sea oil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solar_power_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Solar power in the United Kingdom">Solar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wind_power_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Wind power in the United Kingdom">Wind</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_cuisine" title="British cuisine">Food</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Agriculture_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Agriculture in the United Kingdom">Agriculture</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cider#United_Kingdom" title="Cider">Cider</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wine_from_the_United_Kingdom" title="Wine from the United Kingdom">Wine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beer_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Beer in the United Kingdom">Beer</a></li></ul></li> <li>Fishing <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fishing_industry_in_England" title="Fishing industry in England">English</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fishing_industry_in_Scotland" title="Fishing industry in Scotland">Scottish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fishing_industry_in_Wales" title="Fishing industry in Wales">Welsh</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li>Materials <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Forestry_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Forestry in the United Kingdom">Forestry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mining_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Mining in the United Kingdom">Mining</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em;text-align:left;background-color:#eee"><a href="/wiki/Financial_services_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Financial services in the United Kingdom">Financial<br />services</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Baltic_Exchange" title="Baltic Exchange">Baltic Exchange</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Banking_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Banking in the United Kingdom">Banking</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_banks_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="List of banks in the United Kingdom">List of banks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_building_societies#United_Kingdom" class="mw-redirect" title="List of building societies">List of UK building societies</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canary_Wharf" title="Canary Wharf">Canary Wharf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/City_of_London" title="City of London">The City</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Euronext#Euronext.liffe" title="Euronext">Euronext.liffe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Financial_Services_District" title="International Financial Services District">Glasgow International Financial Services District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Insurance_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Insurance in the United Kingdom">Insurance</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lloyd%27s_of_London" title="Lloyd's of London">Lloyd's of London</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LCH_(clearing_house)" title="LCH (clearing house)">LCH</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Libor" title="Libor">London Interbank Offered Rate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/London_Metal_Exchange" title="London Metal Exchange">London Metal Exchange</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/London_Platinum_and_Palladium_Market" title="London Platinum and Palladium Market">London Platinum and Palladium Market</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/London_Stock_Exchange" title="London Stock Exchange">London Stock Exchange</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alternative_Investment_Market" title="Alternative Investment Market">Alternative Investment Market</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em;text-align:left;background-color:#eee">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Education_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Education in the United Kingdom">Education</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/International_students_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="International students in the United Kingdom">International students</a></li></ul></li> <li>Entertainment & <a href="/wiki/Media_of_the_United_Kingdom" class="mw-redirect" title="Media of the United Kingdom">Media</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Cinema of the United Kingdom">Cinema</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gambling_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Gambling in the United Kingdom">Gambling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_newspapers_in_the_United_Kingdom_by_circulation" title="List of newspapers in the United Kingdom by circulation">Newspapers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radio_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Radio in the United Kingdom">Radio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Television_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Television in the United Kingdom">Television</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theatre_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Theatre of the United Kingdom">Theatre</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Health_care_in_the_United_Kingdom" class="mw-redirect" title="Health care in the United Kingdom">Healthcare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Legal_services_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Legal services in the United Kingdom">Legal services</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manufacturing_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Manufacturing in the United Kingdom">Manufacturing</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aerospace_industry_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Aerospace industry in the United Kingdom">Aerospace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Automotive_industry_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Automotive industry in the United Kingdom">Automotive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pharmaceutical_industry_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Pharmaceutical industry in the United Kingdom">Pharmaceuticals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_exports_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="List of exports of the United Kingdom">Exports</a></li></ul></li> <li>Property <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Architecture_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Architecture of the United Kingdom">Architecture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Construction_industry_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Construction industry of the United Kingdom">Construction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Affordability_of_housing_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Affordability of housing in the United Kingdom">Housing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Real_estate_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Real estate in the United Kingdom">Real estate</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Science_and_technology_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Science and technology in the United Kingdom">Science and technology</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Internet_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Internet in the United Kingdom">Internet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telecommunications_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Telecommunications in the United Kingdom">Telecommunications</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_supermarket_chains_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="List of supermarket chains in the United Kingdom">Supermarkets</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tourism_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Tourism in the United Kingdom">Tourism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transport_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Transport in the United Kingdom">Transport</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Air_transport_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Air transport in the United Kingdom">Aviation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Structure_of_the_rail_industry_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Structure of the rail industry in the United Kingdom">Rail</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Inter-city_rail_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Inter-city rail in the United Kingdom">Inter-city</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/High-speed_rail_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="High-speed rail in the United Kingdom">High-speed</a></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center">Trade and<br />business<br />organisations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Business_organisations_based_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Category:Business organisations based in the United Kingdom">Business organisations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_Bankers%27_Association" title="British Bankers' Association">British Bankers' Association</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_Chambers_of_Commerce" title="British Chambers of Commerce">British Chambers of Commerce</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Confederation_of_British_Industry" title="Confederation of British Industry">Confederation of British Industry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Co-operatives_UK" title="Co-operatives UK">Co-operatives UK</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federation_of_Small_Businesses" title="Federation of Small Businesses">Federation of Small Businesses</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Trade_associations_based_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Category:Trade associations based in the United Kingdom">Industry trade groups</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Institute_of_Directors" title="Institute of Directors">Institute of Directors</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Make_UK" title="Make UK">Make UK</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/UK_Payments_Administration" title="UK Payments Administration">UK Payments Administration</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="font-weight:bold"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, 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