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.mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile nowraplinks vcard hlist"><tbody><tr><th class="sidebar-title"><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Jersey" title="Politics of Jersey">Politics of Jersey</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Jersey" title="Jersey"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/Coat_of_Arms_of_Jersey.svg/125px-Coat_of_Arms_of_Jersey.svg.png" decoding="async" width="125" height="155" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/Coat_of_Arms_of_Jersey.svg/188px-Coat_of_Arms_of_Jersey.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/Coat_of_Arms_of_Jersey.svg/250px-Coat_of_Arms_of_Jersey.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="219" data-file-height="271" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:left; background:lavender;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/The_Crown" title="The Crown">The Crown</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sovereign_in_right_of_the_Bailiwick_of_Jersey" title="Sovereign in right of the Bailiwick of Jersey">Duke of Normandy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Charles_III" title="Charles III">King Charles III</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lieutenant_Governor_of_Jersey" title="Lieutenant Governor of Jersey">Lieutenant Governor</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jerry_Kyd" title="Jerry Kyd">Jerry Kyd</a></li></ul></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:left; background:lavender;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Executive_(government)" title="Executive (government)">Executive</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><b><a href="/wiki/Government_of_Jersey" title="Government of Jersey">Government of Jersey</a></b></div> <hr /> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chief_Minister_of_Jersey" title="Chief Minister of Jersey">Chief Minister</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lyndon_Farnham" title="Lyndon Farnham">Lyndon Farnham</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Council_of_Ministers_(Jersey)" title="Council of Ministers (Jersey)">Council of Ministers</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:left; background:lavender;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/States_Assembly" title="States Assembly">Legislature</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Bailiffs_of_Jersey" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Bailiffs of Jersey">Bailiff</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timothy_Le_Cocq" title="Timothy Le Cocq">Timothy Le Cocq</a></li></ul></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:left; background:lavender;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Judiciary_of_Jersey" title="Judiciary of Jersey">Judiciary</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Law_Officers_of_the_Crown" class="mw-redirect" title="Law Officers of the Crown">Crown Officers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jurat#Jersey" title="Jurat">Jurat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Courts_of_Jersey" title="Courts of Jersey">Courts of Jersey</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:left; background:lavender;;color: var(--color-base)">Local government</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Parishes_of_Jersey" title="Parishes of Jersey">Parishes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parish_Assembly_(Jersey)" title="Parish Assembly (Jersey)">Parish assemblies</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:left; background:lavender;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Jersey" title="Elections in Jersey">Elections</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_Jersey" class="mw-redirect" title="List of political parties in Jersey">Political parties</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2022_Jersey_general_election" title="2022 Jersey general election">Last election</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:left; background:lavender;;color: var(--color-base)"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">External relations</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">External relations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/EU%E2%80%93UK_Trade_and_Cooperation_Agreement" title="EU–UK Trade and Cooperation Agreement">EU trade deal</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-below"> <a href="/wiki/Category:Politics_of_Jersey" title="Category:Politics of Jersey">Category</a> <div class="hlist" style="text-align:center;font-weight:normal;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_political_science#Politics_by_region" title="Outline of political science">Other countries</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Politics_of_Jersey" title="Template:Politics of Jersey"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Template_talk:Politics_of_Jersey&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Template talk:Politics of Jersey (page does not exist)"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Politics_of_Jersey" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Politics of Jersey"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The <b>External relations of the Bailiwick of Jersey</b> are conducted by the External Relations department of the <a href="/wiki/Government_of_Jersey" title="Government of Jersey">Government of Jersey</a>. Jersey is not an independent state; it is a <a href="/wiki/Crown_dependencies" class="mw-redirect" title="Crown dependencies">British Crown dependency</a>, so internationally the <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a> is responsible for protecting the island and for consulting Jersey on international trade agreements but it is not a British territory. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Jersey" title="Jersey">Jersey</a> is a self-governing <a href="/wiki/Parliamentary_system" title="Parliamentary system">parliamentary democracy</a> under a <a href="/wiki/Constitutional_monarchy" title="Constitutional monarchy">constitutional monarchy</a>, with its own <a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Jersey" title="Economy of Jersey">financial</a>, <a href="/wiki/Law_of_Jersey" title="Law of Jersey">legal</a> and <a href="/wiki/Courts_of_Jersey" title="Courts of Jersey">judicial</a> systems,<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and the power of <a href="/wiki/Self-determination" title="Self-determination">self-determination</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-External_policy_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-External_policy-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> which has relations with other countries, territories and international organisations. </p><p>Diplomatic representation is officially reserved to the Crown and relations are conducted by Her Majesty's Government on behalf of the island (however only with its prior consultation). Jersey, with exceptions, cannot sign up to international agreements under its own authority.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Despite this, Jersey has its distinct international identity and its interests may differ from those of the UK.<sup id="cite_ref-gov.je_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-gov.je-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Jersey informally negotiates directly with foreign governments on various matters. Jersey maintains the <i>Bureau de Jersey</i> in <a href="/wiki/Caen" title="Caen">Caen</a>, France, a permanent non-diplomatic representation, with a branch office in <a href="/wiki/Rennes" title="Rennes">Rennes</a>. A similar office, the <i>Maison de la Normandie</i> in St. Helier, represents the <i><a href="/wiki/Conseil_g%C3%A9n%C3%A9ral" class="mw-redirect" title="Conseil général">Conseil général</a></i> of <a href="/wiki/Manche" title="Manche">Manche</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Regional_Council_(France)" class="mw-redirect" title="Regional Council (France)">Regional Council</a> of <a href="/wiki/Normandy_(administrative_region)" title="Normandy (administrative region)">Normandy</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It also houses the Consulate of France. </p><p>In July 2009, a <a href="/wiki/Channel_Islands_Tunnel" class="mw-redirect" title="Channel Islands Tunnel">Channel Islands Tunnel</a> was proposed to connect Jersey with <a href="/wiki/Lower_Normandy" title="Lower Normandy">Lower Normandy</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-bbcnews_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bbcnews-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Jersey is a member of the <a href="/wiki/British-Irish_Council" class="mw-redirect" title="British-Irish Council">British-Irish Council</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Commonwealth_Parliamentary_Association" title="Commonwealth Parliamentary Association">Commonwealth Parliamentary Association</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Assembl%C3%A9e_parlementaire_de_la_Francophonie" title="Assemblée parlementaire de la Francophonie">Assemblée parlementaire de la Francophonie</a>. Jersey wants to become a full member of the <a href="/wiki/Commonwealth_of_Nations" title="Commonwealth of Nations">Commonwealth</a> in its own right.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Constitutional_situation">Constitutional situation</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=External_relations_of_Jersey&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Constitutional situation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 2007, the <a href="/wiki/Chief_Minister_of_Jersey" title="Chief Minister of Jersey">Chief Minister</a> and the UK <a href="/wiki/Lord_Chancellor" title="Lord Chancellor">Lord Chancellor</a> signed an agreement<sup id="cite_ref-gov.je_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-gov.je-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> that established a framework for the development of the international identity of Jersey. The agreement stated that: </p> <ul><li>the UK has no democratic accountability in and for Jersey;</li> <li>the UK will not act internationally on behalf of Jersey without prior consultation;</li> <li>Jersey has an international identity that is different from that of the UK;</li> <li>the UK recognises that the interests of Jersey may differ from those of the UK, and the UK will seek to represent any differing interests when acting in an international capacity; and</li> <li>the UK and Jersey will work together to resolve or clarify any differences that may arise between their respective interests.</li></ul> <p>The preamble to the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jerseylaw.je/laws/current/Pages/16.800.aspx">States of Jersey Law 2005</a> declares that 'it is recognized that Jersey has autonomous capacity in domestic affairs' and 'it is further recognized that there is an increasing need for Jersey to participate in matters of international affairs'. </p><p>In January 2011, the <a href="/wiki/Chief_Minister_of_Jersey" title="Chief Minister of Jersey">Chief Minister</a> designated one of his assistant ministers as having responsibility for external relations; he is now often described as the island's 'foreign minister'.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There has since been officially established a Minister for External Relations, a post held by Senator <a href="/wiki/Ian_Gorst" title="Ian Gorst">Ian Gorst</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Relations_with_the_United_Kingdom">Relations with the United Kingdom</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=External_relations_of_Jersey&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Relations with the United Kingdom"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The relationship between the Crown dependencies and the UK is "one of mutual respect and support, ie, a partnership".<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Until 2001, responsibility for the UK government's relationships with the Crown dependencies rested with the <a href="/wiki/Home_Office" title="Home Office">Home Office</a>, but it was then transferred first to the <a href="/wiki/Lord_Chancellor%27s_Department" title="Lord Chancellor's Department">Lord Chancellor's Department</a>, then to the <a href="/wiki/Department_for_Constitutional_Affairs" title="Department for Constitutional Affairs">Department for Constitutional Affairs</a>, and finally to the <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Justice_(United_Kingdom)" title="Ministry of Justice (United Kingdom)">Ministry of Justice</a>. In 2010 the Ministry of Justice stated that relationships with the Crown dependencies are the responsibility of the United Kingdom Government as a whole, with the Ministry of Justice holding responsibility for the constitutional relationship and other ministries engaging with their opposite numbers in the Crown dependencies according to their respective policy areas.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Since 2011 the government of Jersey has sent representatives to the main party conferences of the United Kingdom, its "most significant economic partner", as part of a commitment to enhancing political engagement with the UK. In 2012 the Assistant Chief Minister attended the conference of the UK Liberal Democrats, the Chief Minister attended the <a href="/wiki/Labour_Party_(UK)_Conference" class="mw-redirect" title="Labour Party (UK) Conference">UK Labour Party conference</a>, and the Deputy Chief Minister and Treasury and Resources Minister were announced to attend the UK Conservative Party conference.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Guernsey's Deputy Chief Minister and Jersey's Assistant Chief Minister travelled to Dublin in September 2012 as a first step in a more coordinated approach to international relations. The purpose of the visit was to meet Ireland's Minister for European Affairs for mutual discussions ahead of Ireland's assumption of the European Union presidency in 2013.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Jersey's economic relationship with the UK is part of the framework of the <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom%E2%80%93Crown_Dependencies_Customs_Union" title="United Kingdom–Crown Dependencies Customs Union">United Kingdom–Crown Dependencies Customs Union</a>, of which Jersey is a part. There is a common external tariff, and the UK negotiates free trade agreements for Jersey on behalf of its government. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Separation_debate">Separation debate</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=External_relations_of_Jersey&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Separation debate"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Jersey#Separation_debate" title="Politics of Jersey">question of an independent Jersey</a> has been discussed from time to time in the Assembly of the States of Jersey. In 2005–2008, a working group of the <a href="/wiki/States_of_Jersey" class="mw-redirect" title="States of Jersey">States of Jersey</a> examined the options for independence, concluding that Jersey "is equipped to face the challenges of independence" but making no recommendations.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Proposals for Jersey independence have been discussed outside the <a href="/wiki/States_of_Jersey" class="mw-redirect" title="States of Jersey">States</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In July 2005, the Policy and Resources Committee of the <a href="/wiki/States_of_Jersey" class="mw-redirect" title="States of Jersey">States of Jersey</a> established the Constitutional Review Group, chaired by Sir <a href="/wiki/Philip_Bailhache" title="Philip Bailhache">Philip Bailhache</a>, with terms of reference "to conduct a review and evaluation of the potential advantages and disadvantages for Jersey in seeking independence from the United Kingdom or other incremental change in the constitutional relationship, while retaining the Queen as Head of State". The Group's Second Interim Report was presented to the States by the Council of Ministers in June 2008.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In June 2012, Sir <a href="/wiki/Philip_Bailhache" title="Philip Bailhache">Philip Bailhache</a> said the island should be ready to become independent after a number of regulatory clampdowns and political attacks on the Channel Islands' "controversial" financial industry. He called the island's relationship with the UK "a raw deal" and "not fair" and that is "very plain" that Jersey's interests were not always aligned with the UK's. <a href="/wiki/Tom_McNally,_Baron_McNally" title="Tom McNally, Baron McNally">Lord McNally</a>, the Minister responsible for the Channel Islands at the time said it would be "ill-advised" of the islands to seek independence.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A <a href="/wiki/The_Guardian" title="The Guardian">Guardian</a> editorial<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> at the time stated the islands would be unable to successfully achieve independence and maintain their finance industry, citing the fact that when the <a href="/wiki/The_Bahamas" title="The Bahamas">Bahamas</a> declared <a href="/w/index.php?title=Independence_of_the_Bahamas&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Independence of the Bahamas (page does not exist)">independence</a> from the UK in 1973, its finance industry largely moved to the <a href="/wiki/Cayman_Islands" title="Cayman Islands">Cayman Islands</a>. Jersey's economy is highly reliant on Finance: in June 2020, it was reported that there were 13,450 jobs within this sector.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In October 2012, the Council of Ministers issued a "Common Policy for External Relations" that noted "that it is not Government policy to seek independence from the United Kingdom, but rather to ensure that Jersey is prepared if it were in the best interests of Islanders to do so". On the basis of the established principles the Council of Ministers decided to "ensure that Jersey is prepared for external change that may affect the Island's formal relationship with the United Kingdom and/or European Union".<sup id="cite_ref-External_policy_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-External_policy-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In June 2018, during the UK's <a href="/wiki/Brexit_negotiations" title="Brexit negotiations">Brexit negotiations</a>, former External Relations Minister Sir Philip Bailhache said Jersey was not faced by the decision of independence right now and "We are a long way from that at the present time", but that depending on the outcome of Brexit for Jersey, Independence from the UK 'may be the only option' left to the island. He states the "Island should be prepared to go it alone and to become an independent state."<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In March 2019, In June 2019, the Government stated that although it had contingency plans in the event of separation, "it is not Government policy to seek independence from the United Kingdom".<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Relations_with_other_British_Isles">Relations with other British Isles</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=External_relations_of_Jersey&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Relations with other British Isles"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Jersey has a very close relationship with the other <a href="/wiki/Channel_Islands" title="Channel Islands">Channel Islands</a>, with several shared institutions, as well as a common geography, heritage, culture and constitutional relationship. There have often been calls for a confederation of the Channel Islands, including a conference in 2012 on the matter.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Senator Gorst, the External Relations minister said in 2019, ‘A confederation would make the islands stronger when working together on issues that affect us all ... This would be a combined Channel Island committee with elected members from each parliament, and those parliaments would decide which issues to send up to that committee.'<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1998 Guernsey and Jersey electricity companies formed the <a href="/wiki/Channel_Islands_Electricity_Grid" title="Channel Islands Electricity Grid">Channel Islands Electricity Grid</a> to operate and manage the submarine cables between Europe and the Channel Islands. A fishing dispute relating to fishing within the Guernsey 12 mile limit surfaced again in 2015.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>During the 2020 COVID-19 Pandemic, over differences in the way the islands responded to the pandemic, Guernsey Deputy Peter Ferbrache called Jersey's government 'a bunch of bumbling idiots' and said that his island was a 'much, much, much better run bailiwick' and Jersey businesses might regret setting up the island.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He was later that year elected as Guernsey's Chief Minister.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In September 2010 a Channel Islands Brussels Office was set up jointly by both <a href="/wiki/Jersey" title="Jersey">Jersey</a> and <a href="/wiki/Guernsey" title="Guernsey">Guernsey</a> to develop the Channel Islands' influence with the EU, to advise the Channel Islands' governments on European matters, and to promote economic links with the EU.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A Guernsey-Jersey double taxation agreement was first signed in 1956. On 24 January 2013 Jersey signed <a href="/wiki/Double_taxation" title="Double taxation">double taxation</a> agreements with Guernsey and with the Isle of Man.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This was the first time all three <a href="/wiki/Crown_dependencies" class="mw-redirect" title="Crown dependencies">Crown dependencies</a> had established such mutual agreements which also included provision for exchange of tax information equivalent to TIEAs.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Trilateral_Crown_dependency">Trilateral Crown dependency</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=External_relations_of_Jersey&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Trilateral Crown dependency"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The three crown dependencies, while independent, share a relatively similar position with respect to the United Kingdom and with international bodies such as the EU or the OECD. As a result, the crown dependencies work together on areas of mutual interest. For example, in 2000, the three states cooperated on development of common policies for offshore banking.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2003, they developed a joint approach to certain EU activities around tax information.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The heads of government of the crown dependencies, including Isle of Man, Guernsey, Alderney, Sark, and Jersey, meet at an annual <i>inter-island</i> summit, to discuss matters of common concern, such as <a href="/wiki/Financial_regulation" title="Financial regulation">financial regulation</a> and relations with the UK.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="British–Irish_Council"><span id="British.E2.80.93Irish_Council"></span>British–Irish Council</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=External_relations_of_Jersey&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: British–Irish Council"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Jersey has formed part of the <a href="/wiki/British%E2%80%93Irish_Council" title="British–Irish Council">British–Irish Council</a> since it was formed in 1999, as does the Isle of Man. Meetings take place twice a year, in 2002, 2009 and 2013<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the meetings have taken place in Jersey. Its stated aim is to "promote the harmonious and mutually beneficial development of the totality of relationships among the peoples of these islands". </p><p>Jersey is leading the Creative Industries discussions.<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="International_relations">International relations</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=External_relations_of_Jersey&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: International relations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Tax">Tax</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=External_relations_of_Jersey&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Tax"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Tax_information_exchange_agreements" class="mw-redirect" title="Tax information exchange agreements">Tax information exchange agreements</a> (TIEAs) have been signed directly by the island with several countries, including: the United States of America (2002); the Netherlands (2007); Denmark, the <a href="/wiki/Faroes" class="mw-redirect" title="Faroes">Faroes</a>, Finland, Greenland, Iceland, Sweden and Norway (2008); the United Kingdom, France, Australia and New Zealand (2009); Portugal (2010); People's Republic of China, Turkey, Mexico, Canada, Indonesia, Czech Republic, South Africa, Argentina, and India (2011);<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Brazil and Latvia (2013).<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Jersey has come under scrutiny for being a 'tax haven'. In 2019, it was placed on a 21-country 'tax haven blacklist' by the Netherlands.<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However the island has not been blacklisted by the EU on its list of non-cooperative tax jurisdictions.<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Human_rights_treaties">Human rights treaties</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=External_relations_of_Jersey&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Human rights treaties"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Jersey does not suffer any of the major human rights crisis that have occurred globally. Jersey cannot sign international treaties in its own right. It instead must have the UK's ratification of treaties extended to it. Regarding human rights treaties, Jersey is party to several core UN treaties:<sup id="cite_ref-:0_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/International_Convention_on_the_Elimination_of_All_Forms_of_Racial_Discrimination" title="International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination">International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination</a> (1965)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Covenant_on_Civil_and_Political_Rights" title="International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights">International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights</a> (1966)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Covenant_on_Economic,_Social_and_Cultural_Rights" title="International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights">International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights</a> (1966)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Convention_against_Torture" class="mw-redirect" title="United Nations Convention against Torture">Convention against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment</a> (1984)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Convention_on_the_Rights_of_the_Child" title="Convention on the Rights of the Child">Convention on the Rights of the Child</a> (1989)</li></ul> <p>It notably does not have the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women (1979) extended to it.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_3-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Commonwealth">Commonwealth</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=External_relations_of_Jersey&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Commonwealth"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Jersey is not a member of the <a href="/wiki/Commonwealth_of_Nations" title="Commonwealth of Nations">Commonwealth of Nations</a> in its own right, but through its association with the United Kingdom. It participates in various Commonwealth institutions in its own right: for example, the <a href="/wiki/Commonwealth_Parliamentary_Association" title="Commonwealth Parliamentary Association">Commonwealth Parliamentary Association</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Commonwealth_Games" title="Commonwealth Games">Commonwealth Games</a>. </p><p>Jersey regards the existing situation as unsatisfactory and has lobbied for change. The States of Jersey have called on the UK Foreign Secretary to request that the <a href="/wiki/Commonwealth_Heads_of_Government" class="mw-redirect" title="Commonwealth Heads of Government">Commonwealth Heads of Government</a> "consider granting associate membership to Jersey and the other Crown Dependencies as well as any other territories at a similarly advanced stage of autonomy". Jersey has proposed that it be accorded "self-representation in all Commonwealth meetings; full participation in debates and procedures, with a right to speak where relevant and the opportunity to enter into discussions with those who are full members; and no right to vote in the Ministerial or Heads of Government meetings, which is reserved for full members".<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="European_Union">European Union</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=External_relations_of_Jersey&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: European Union"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Jersey is a third-party European country to the <a href="/wiki/European_Union" title="European Union">EU</a>. Its relationship with the EU operates under the <a href="/wiki/Free_trade_agreement" title="Free trade agreement">free-trade agreement</a> negotiated by the UK. On 27 December 2020, Jersey agreed to be part of the <a href="/wiki/Trade_and_Cooperation_Agreement_between_the_EU,_Euratom_and_the_UK" class="mw-redirect" title="Trade and Cooperation Agreement between the EU, Euratom and the UK">UK-EU Trade and Economic Cooperation Agreement</a> from 1 January 2021. Goods exported from the island into Europe are not subject to <a href="/wiki/Tariff" title="Tariff">tariffs</a> and Jersey is solely responsible for management of its <a href="/wiki/Territorial_waters" title="Territorial waters">territorial waters</a>. Although there is no provision for services, the External Relations Minister <a href="/wiki/Ian_Gorst" title="Ian Gorst">Ian Gorst</a> is confident it is compatible with pre-existing relationship. The deal was unanimously approved by the <a href="/wiki/States_Assembly" title="States Assembly">States Assembly</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:3_46-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Jersey and Guernsey jointly opened an office in Brussels in 2010 to promote their common interests with European Union institutions.<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Jersey is particularly concerned about European Union legislation and reforms that may affect its trading partners in <a href="/wiki/Offshore_financial_centre" title="Offshore financial centre">international financial centres</a> round the world.<sup id="cite_ref-:3_46-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Jersey maintains the <i>Bureau des Iles Anglo-Normandes</i> in <a href="/wiki/Caen" title="Caen">Caen</a>, France, a permanent non-diplomatic representation. A similar office, the <i>Maison de Normandie</i> in St. Helier, represented the <i><a href="/wiki/Conseil_g%C3%A9n%C3%A9ral" class="mw-redirect" title="Conseil général">Conseil général</a></i> of <a href="/wiki/Manche" title="Manche">Manche</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Regional_Council_(France)" class="mw-redirect" title="Regional Council (France)">Regional Council</a> of <a href="/wiki/Normandy" title="Normandy">Normandy</a>. It was set up in 1995, but withdrawn in 2021 over a fishing dispute.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_48-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It also houses the Consulate of France. In July 2009, a <a href="/wiki/Channel_Islands_Tunnel" class="mw-redirect" title="Channel Islands Tunnel">Channel Islands Tunnel</a> was proposed to connect Jersey with <a href="/wiki/Lower_Normandy" title="Lower Normandy">Lower Normandy</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-bbcnews2_49-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bbcnews2-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Under the Trade and Cooperation Agreement, regarding <a href="/wiki/Fishing" title="Fishing">fishing</a>, Jersey takes control of all fishing boats in its waters through a licensing process, however EU boats with a history of fishing in Jersey waters will be granted a permit. Similarly, Jersey boats that have traditionally fished in French waters will be given a permit to continue by the French authorities.<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The implementation of this new deal has led to a <a href="/wiki/2021_France-Jersey_fishing_dispute" class="mw-redirect" title="2021 France-Jersey fishing dispute">dispute</a> between the French and British governments.<sup id="cite_ref-:3_46-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Historical_relationship">Historical relationship</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=External_relations_of_Jersey&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Historical relationship"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Jersey and the other Channel Islands, have never been part of the EU, nor associate members. When the <a href="/wiki/1973_enlargement_of_the_European_Communities" title="1973 enlargement of the European Communities">UK acceded to the EU</a> in 1973, Jersey became a Community Territory (and later a member state territory). Jersey was part of the <a href="/wiki/European_Union_Customs_Union" title="European Union Customs Union">EU customs union</a> and had free movement of goods and trade between the island and the EU. Jersey did not appear on the list of European States and Territories outside the Union and the Communities prepared by the European Council and the Commission.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (January 2021)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>However, that is not to say that it was outside the European Communities or the European Union in the sense that it is excluded. The relationship between Jersey and the European Communities was negotiated as a modified extension of the existing relationship with the United Kingdom by Sir Geoffrey Rippon, as he was then. The only European Territories under United Kingdom responsibility which were excluded were the <a href="/wiki/Akrotiri_and_Dhekelia" title="Akrotiri and Dhekelia">Sovereign Base Areas</a> in Cyprus. </p><p>Had the Special relationship not been negotiated, then Jersey would have been included within the Communities in the same way as <a href="/wiki/Gibraltar" title="Gibraltar">Gibraltar</a>. The Island's relationship with the EC and the EU was governed by article 26(3) of the Act of Accession, amending article 227 of the then EEC Treaty, later Article 355(5)(c) TFEU.<sup id="cite_ref-art355TFEU_51-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-art355TFEU-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> That article acted together with Protocol 3 to the UK's Treaty of Accession in 1972 which was incorporated into the Treaties, by article 158 of the Act of Accession. On Cyprus' Accession, the exclusion of the Cyprus Base Territories was reversed, and the resulting article 355(5)(b) no longer contains the term excluded. For Jersey to be outside the EU and the EC, the term excluded would have had to have been employed. </p><p>The Treaties therefore applied, but only to the extent necessary to give effect to the arrangements in the Protocol.<sup id="cite_ref-art355TFEU_51-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-art355TFEU-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Protocol 3 and other relevant treaty provisions were made part of <a href="/wiki/Law_of_Jersey" title="Law of Jersey">Jersey Law</a> by the European Communities (Jersey) Law 1973.<sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Hence the inclusion of provisions of Community law and judgements of the CJEU within the laws of the Island through those provisions, in a similar manner as in the United Kingdom. The relationship between the <a href="/wiki/Channel_Islands" title="Channel Islands">Channel Islands</a> and the EU was not able to be changed without the unanimous agreement of all Member States and Island authorities.<sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Under Protocol 3, Jersey was part of the <a href="/wiki/European_Union_Customs_Union" title="European Union Customs Union">European Union Customs Union</a> of the <a href="/wiki/European_Community" class="mw-redirect" title="European Community">European Community</a>. The common customs tariff, levies and other agricultural import measures applied to trade between the island and non-Member States. There was <a href="/wiki/Internal_Market_(European_Union)#Free_movement_of_goods" class="mw-redirect" title="Internal Market (European Union)">free movement of goods</a> and trade between the island and <a href="/wiki/Member_state_of_the_European_Union" title="Member state of the European Union">Member States</a>. EU rules on <a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_movement_for_workers" class="mw-redirect" title="Freedom of movement for workers">freedom of movement for workers</a> did not apply in Jersey.<sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, for the time that the UK was an EU member, Jersey is required to apply the same rules to EU nationals as it does to UK nationals, who can move to Jersey by virtue of the <a href="/wiki/Common_Travel_Area" title="Common Travel Area">Common Travel Area</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Nor was Jersey part of the single market in <a href="/wiki/Markets_in_Financial_Instruments_Directive" class="mw-redirect" title="Markets in Financial Instruments Directive">financial services</a>. It was not required to implement EU Directives on such matters as movement of capital, company law or money laundering. Hence the working parallel with the prior constitutional relationship with the United Kingdom. Note however the CJEU in Pereira held that article 4 of the Third Protocol required the Island's authorities to give same treatment to all legal and natural persons of the Communities applied in any area where the Treaties would be applicable in a territory in which they were fully applicable. That implies that the Treaties in those areas are applicable in principle, but through the article 4 threshold. </p><p>The Commission's position on the relationship was stated clearly in a reply by Commissioner Prodi in 2003 to a European Parliamentary question.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (January 2021)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> He confirmed that Jersey was within the European Union to the extent that the United Kingdom was responsible for its external relationships, and evoked the Treaties and the arrangements within the Protocol. The <a href="/wiki/European_Council" title="European Council">European Council</a> mandated the Commission in 2013 to initiate negotiations with European States and Territories outside the Communities on their implementation of the amendments to the EC Savings Directive. Jersey was not on that list, as it was not outside the Communities or the Union, but had a special relationship within these. </p><p>The island was therefore within the scope of the Treaties to a limited extent, as a European Territory. To infer, as the French Ambassador and finance minister had attempted to argue, namely that the island is outside the European Union and Communities without qualification is therefore simplistic, in law false. The German blacklisting of the island had to be hastily revoked when this was pointed out. As a result, Jersey was not part of the single market in <a href="/wiki/Markets_in_Financial_Instruments_Directive" class="mw-redirect" title="Markets in Financial Instruments Directive">financial services</a>. It was not required to implement EU Directives on such matters as the movement of capital, company law or money laundering. However, the island's close proximity (135 km south) and its close association with the financial sector of the U.K. has come under increasing scrutiny in recent years, with several mainline publications (e.g., <i><a href="/wiki/The_Wall_Street_Journal" title="The Wall Street Journal">The Wall Street Journal</a></i>) labelling the island a <a href="/wiki/Tax_haven" title="Tax haven">tax haven</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>British citizens who only had a bloodline connection to Jersey, and not with the United Kingdom or another <a href="/wiki/Member_state_of_the_European_Union" title="Member state of the European Union">Member state of the European Union</a>, were not considered to be <a href="/wiki/Citizenship_of_the_European_Union" class="mw-redirect" title="Citizenship of the European Union">European Union citizens</a> within the sphere of the freedom of movement of persons.<sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They had 'Islander status' and their Jersey-issued <a href="/wiki/Jersey_passport" class="mw-redirect" title="Jersey passport">British passports</a> were endorsed with the words <i>the holder is not entitled to benefit from EU provisions relating to employment or establishment</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This status no longer exists. Jersey residents never had a right to vote in elections for the <a href="/wiki/European_Parliament" title="European Parliament">European Parliament</a>. </p><p>However, it was never clear whether the citizenship rights in articles 18 and 21 TFEU are partly available to them as British Citizens, given the limited restriction of their rights under article 2 of the Protocol. That restriction on the exercise of certain freedoms did not apply to all Community or Union rights. The freedom of movement under the prior EC régime is a separate set of rights from the Citizen rights under article 20 and 21 TFEU which include the right to move and reside. Those rights are primary citizenship rights, not a mere freedom. It may not have needed a Treaty change to perfect this, merely a preliminary ruling from the CJEU, and supplementary implementation measures from the council, given the effective right of entrance and residence granted to EU nationals via Article 4 of the Protocol. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=External_relations_of_Jersey&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom%E2%80%93Crown_Dependencies_Customs_Union" title="United Kingdom–Crown Dependencies Customs Union">United Kingdom–Crown Dependencies Customs Union</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=External_relations_of_Jersey&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gov.je/Jersey/Pages/Profile.aspx">"Jersey Facts and Figures"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 September</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Isle+of+Man+Today&rft.atitle=JOINT+APPROACH+NEEDED+TO+EU&rft.date=2003-09-01&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.iomtoday.co.im%2Fnews%2Fbusiness%2Fjoint-approach-needed-to-eu-1-1748396&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AExternal+relations+of+Jersey" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1">"<span class="cs1-kern-left"></span>'Positive' meeting at Inter-Island conference". <i>Isle of Man Newspapers</i>. 7 Sep 2007.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Isle+of+Man+Newspapers&rft.atitle=%27Positive%27+meeting+at+Inter-Island+conference.&rft.date=2007-09-07&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AExternal+relations+of+Jersey" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ifcfeed.com/articles/detail.aspx?articleid=2243">"Inter-island crown dependencies meeting"</a>. <i>IFCFeed.com</i>. 28 September 2009.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=IFCFeed.com&rft.atitle=Inter-island+crown+dependencies+meeting&rft.date=2009-09-28&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ifcfeed.com%2Farticles%2Fdetail.aspx%3Farticleid%3D2243&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AExternal+relations+of+Jersey" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.tax-news.com/news/Crown_Dependencies_Summit_Held____55673.html">"Crown Dependencies Summit Held"</a>. <i>Tax-News.com</i>. 30 May 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Tax-News.com&rft.atitle=Crown+Dependencies+Summit+Held&rft.date=2012-05-30&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.tax-news.com%2Fnews%2FCrown_Dependencies_Summit_Held____55673.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AExternal+relations+of+Jersey" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gov.im/news/2015/mar/30/crown-dependencies-e-government-meeting-further-strengthens-working-relationships/">"Crown Dependencies e-Government meeting further strengthens working relationships"</a>. gov.im. 30 March 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Crown+Dependencies+e-Government+meeting+further+strengthens+working+relationships&rft.pub=gov.im&rft.date=2015-03-30&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.gov.im%2Fnews%2F2015%2Fmar%2F30%2Fcrown-dependencies-e-government-meeting-further-strengthens-working-relationships%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AExternal+relations+of+Jersey" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britishirishcouncil.org/news/21st-british-irish-council-summit-held-jersey">"21st BIC Summit"</a>. BIC.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=21st+BIC+Summit&rft.pub=BIC&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.britishirishcouncil.org%2Fnews%2F21st-british-irish-council-summit-held-jersey&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AExternal+relations+of+Jersey" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britishirishcouncil.org/news/creative-industries-ministerial-meeting-held-jersey-today">"Creative Industries Ministerial Meeting held in Jersey today"</a>. BIC. 30 October 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Creative+Industries+Ministerial+Meeting+held+in+Jersey+today&rft.pub=BIC&rft.date=2015-10-30&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.britishirishcouncil.org%2Fnews%2Fcreative-industries-ministerial-meeting-held-jersey-today&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AExternal+relations+of+Jersey" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gov.je/SiteCollectionDocuments/Tax%20and%20your%20money/ID%20TIEAsSignedToDate.pdf">"TAX INFORMATION EXCHANGE AGREEMENTS (TIEAs)"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 January</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Tax+agreements+signed+with+Brazil+and+Latvia&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.gov.je%2FNews%2F2013%2Fpages%2FTaxAgreementBrazilLatvia.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AExternal+relations+of+Jersey" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bailiwickexpress.com/jsy/news/jersey-placed-tax-haven-blacklist/">"Jersey placed on 'tax haven' blacklist"</a>. <i>Bailiwick Express</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2021-01-06</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Bailiwick+Express&rft.atitle=Jersey+placed+on+%27tax+haven%27+blacklist&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bailiwickexpress.com%2Fjsy%2Fnews%2Fjersey-placed-tax-haven-blacklist%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AExternal+relations+of+Jersey" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://home.kpmg/qm/en/home/insights/2019/04/its-official-we-are-not-tax-havens.html">"It's official, we are not tax havens – KPMG Channel Islands"</a>. <i>KPMG</i>. 2019-08-14<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 March</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Written+evidence+from+States+of+Jersey&rft.pub=Chief+Minister+of+Jersey&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fpublications.parliament.uk%2Fpa%2Fcm201213%2Fcmselect%2Fcmfaff%2F114%2F114we22.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AExternal+relations+of+Jersey" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-45">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bailiwickexpress.com/jsy/news/jersey-signs-brexit-trade-deal/">"Jersey signs up to Brexit trade deal"</a>. <i>Bailiwick Express</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2020-12-27</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Bailiwick+Express&rft.atitle=Jersey+signs+up+to+Brexit+trade+deal&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bailiwickexpress.com%2Fjsy%2Fnews%2Fjersey-signs-brexit-trade-deal%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AExternal+relations+of+Jersey" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:3-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:3_46-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:3_46-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:3_46-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBrandtjen2022" class="citation journal cs1">Brandtjen, Roland (May 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.um.edu.mt/library/oar/handle/123456789/94162">"The impact of Brexit on the identity of small British-European nations"</a>. <i>{{Small States & Territories Journal]]</i>. <b>5</b> (1): 13–30.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=%7B%7BSmall+States+%26+Territories+Journal%5D%5D&rft.atitle=The+impact+of+Brexit+on+the+identity+of+small+British-European+nations&rft.volume=5&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=13-30&rft.date=2022-05&rft.aulast=Brandtjen&rft.aufirst=Roland&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.um.edu.mt%2Flibrary%2Foar%2Fhandle%2F123456789%2F94162&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AExternal+relations+of+Jersey" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-47">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation cs2"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-europe-jersey-12276525">"Channel Islands appoint representative in Brussels"</a>, <i>BBC News</i>, 25 January 2011</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=Channel+Islands+appoint+representative+in+Brussels&rft.date=2011-01-25&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fworld-europe-jersey-12276525&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AExternal+relations+of+Jersey" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:2-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-:2_48-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ouest-france.fr/normandie/peche-la-normandie-et-la-manche-ferment-leurs-bureaux-a-jersey-a90691c6-ac40-11eb-aa8c-8db87c6bb01a">"Pêche. La Normandie et la Manche ferment leurs bureaux à Jersey"</a>. <i>Ouest-France</i> (in French). 3 May 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Ouest-France&rft.atitle=P%C3%AAche.+La+Normandie+et+la+Manche+ferment+leurs+bureaux+%C3%A0+Jersey&rft.date=2021-05-03&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ouest-france.fr%2Fnormandie%2Fpeche-la-normandie-et-la-manche-ferment-leurs-bureaux-a-jersey-a90691c6-ac40-11eb-aa8c-8db87c6bb01a&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AExternal+relations+of+Jersey" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-bbcnews2-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-bbcnews2_49-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/europe/jersey/8149314.stm">"Jersey-France tunnel plan talks"</a>. <i>BBC News</i>. 14 July 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 August</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=Jersey-France+tunnel+plan+talks&rft.date=2009-07-14&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.bbc.co.uk%2F1%2Fhi%2Fworld%2Feurope%2Fjersey%2F8149314.stm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AExternal+relations+of+Jersey" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-50">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-europe-jersey-55467386">"Jersey fishermen 'not celebrating' Brexit deal"</a>. BBC. 29 December 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Jersey+fishermen+%27not+celebrating%27+Brexit+deal&rft.date=2020-12-29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fworld-europe-jersey-55467386&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AExternal+relations+of+Jersey" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-art355TFEU-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-art355TFEU_51-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-art355TFEU_51-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Treaty_on_the_Functioning_of_the_European_Union" title="Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union">Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union</a>, Article 355(5)(c) TFEU states "the Treaties shall apply to the Channel Islands and the Isle of Man only to the extent necessary to ensure the implementation of the arrangements for those islands set out in the Treaty concerning the accession of new Member States to the European Economic Community and to the European Atomic Energy Community signed on 22 January 1972".</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-52">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jerseylaw.je/laws/enacted/Pages/L-18-1973.aspx">"European Communities (Jersey) Law 1973"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Jersey_Legal_Information_Board" class="mw-redirect" title="Jersey Legal Information Board">Jersey Legal Information Board</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 December</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Jersey+Legal+Information+Board&rft.atitle=European+Communities+%28Jersey%29+Law+1973&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jerseylaw.je%2Flaws%2Fenacted%2FPages%2FL-18-1973.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AExternal+relations+of+Jersey" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-53">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">See <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSutton2005" class="citation journal cs1">Sutton, Alastair (2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jerseylaw.je/publications/jglr/Pages/JLR0502_Sutton.aspx">"Jersey's changing constitutional relationship with Europe"</a>. <i>Jersey Law Review</i>. <b>9</b> (1)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2013-01-14</span></span> – via <a href="/wiki/Jersey_Legal_Information_Board" class="mw-redirect" title="Jersey Legal Information Board">Jersey Legal Information Board</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Jersey+Law+Review&rft.atitle=Jersey%27s+changing+constitutional+relationship+with+Europe&rft.volume=9&rft.issue=1&rft.date=2005&rft.aulast=Sutton&rft.aufirst=Alastair&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jerseylaw.je%2Fpublications%2Fjglr%2FPages%2FJLR0502_Sutton.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AExternal+relations+of+Jersey" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-54"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-54">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/PDF/?uri=CELEX:61996CJ0171">Judgment of the Court of 16 July 1998. Rui Alberto Pereira Roque v His Excellency the Lieutenant Governor of Jersey</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/ALL/?uri=ecli:ECLI:EU:C:1998:368">ECLI:EU:C:1998:368</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-55"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-55">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">States of Jersey Brexit Report, 31 January 2017, p. 7 <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://statesassembly.gov.je/assemblypropositions/2017/p.7-2017.pdf">https://statesassembly.gov.je/assemblypropositions/2017/p.7-2017.pdf</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-56"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-56">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSesit1996" class="citation news cs1">Sesit, M (17 September 1996). "Offshore Hazard: Isle of Jersey Proves Less Than a Haven to Currency Investors". The Wall Street Journal.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Offshore+Hazard%3A+Isle+of+Jersey+Proves+Less+Than+a+Haven+to+Currency+Investors&rft.date=1996-09-17&rft.aulast=Sesit&rft.aufirst=M&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AExternal+relations+of+Jersey" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-57"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-57">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStates_of_Jersey2008" class="citation web cs1">States of Jersey (4 February 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.statesassembly.gov.je/AssemblyReports/2008/45051-30164-1222008.pdf">"Status of Channel Islands in the European Union"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 December</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Status+of+Channel+Islands+in+the+European+Union&rft.date=2008-02-04&rft.au=States+of+Jersey&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.statesassembly.gov.je%2FAssemblyReports%2F2008%2F45051-30164-1222008.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AExternal+relations+of+Jersey" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-58"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-58">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStates_of_Jersey" class="citation web cs1">States of Jersey. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111107062741/http://www.gov.je/Travel/Passports/OtherInfo/Pages/IslanderStatus.aspx">"Islander status"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gov.je/Travel/Passports/OtherInfo/Pages/IslanderStatus.aspx">the original</a> on 7 November 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 August</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Islander+status&rft.au=States+of+Jersey&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.gov.je%2FTravel%2FPassports%2FOtherInfo%2FPages%2FIslanderStatus.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AExternal+relations+of+Jersey" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output 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autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Jersey_topics" title="Template:Jersey topics"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Jersey_topics" title="Template talk:Jersey topics"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Jersey_topics" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Jersey topics"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Jersey_articles" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Jersey" title="Jersey">Jersey</a> articles</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/History_of_Jersey" title="History of Jersey">History</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;">Overviews</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Archaeology_of_the_Channel_Islands" title="Archaeology of the Channel Islands">Archaeology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_occupation_of_the_Channel_Islands" title="German occupation of the Channel Islands">German occupation during World War II</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Evacuation_of_civilians_from_the_Channel_Islands_in_1940" title="Evacuation of civilians from the Channel Islands in 1940">Evacuation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Resistance_in_the_German-occupied_Channel_Islands" title="Resistance in the German-occupied Channel Islands">Resistance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Civilian_life_under_the_German_occupation_of_the_Channel_Islands#Collaboration" title="Civilian life under the German occupation of the Channel Islands">Collaboration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Civilian_life_under_the_German_occupation_of_the_Channel_Islands" title="Civilian life under the German occupation of the Channel Islands">Civilian life</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deportations_from_the_German-occupied_Channel_Islands" title="Deportations from the German-occupied Channel Islands">Deportations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sechsschartenturm,_Heavy_MG_bunker,_La_Mare_Mill" title="Sechsschartenturm, Heavy MG bunker, La Mare Mill">Sechsschartentürme</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hohlgangsanlage_tunnels,_Jersey" title="Hohlgangsanlage tunnels, Jersey">German tunnels</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hohlgangsanlage_8" title="Hohlgangsanlage 8">War Tunnels Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battery_Lothringen" title="Battery Lothringen">Battery Lothringen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battery_Moltke" title="Battery Moltke">Battery Moltke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Channel_Islands_Occupation_Society" title="Channel Islands Occupation Society">Channel Islands Occupation Society (CIOS)</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Jersey" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Jersey">COVID-19</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Windmills_in_Jersey" title="Windmills in Jersey">Windmills</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coastal_fortifications_of_Jersey" title="Coastal fortifications of Jersey">Coastal fortifications</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maritime_history_of_the_Channel_Islands" title="Maritime history of the Channel Islands">Maritime</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Perquage" title="Perquage">Perquages</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;">Specifics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/La_Cotte_de_St_Brelade" title="La Cotte de St Brelade">La Cotte de St Brelade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jersey_dolmens" title="Jersey dolmens">Dolmens</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/La_Hougue_Bie" title="La Hougue Bie">La Hougue Bie</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mont_Orgueil" title="Mont Orgueil">Mont Orgueil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grosnez_Castle" title="Grosnez Castle">Grosnez Castle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_Castle" title="Elizabeth Castle">Elizabeth Castle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corn_Riots" title="Corn Riots">Corn Riots</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Jersey" title="Battle of Jersey">Battle of Jersey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/La_Corbi%C3%A8re" title="La Corbière">La Corbière Lighthouse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jersey_Railway" title="Jersey Railway">Jersey Railway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jersey_Eastern_Railway" title="Jersey Eastern Railway">Jersey Eastern Railway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jersey_Heritage" title="Jersey Heritage">Jersey Heritage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Trust_for_Jersey" title="National Trust for Jersey">National Trust</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Education_in_Jersey" title="Education in Jersey">Education</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Schools" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_schools_in_Jersey" title="List of schools in Jersey">Schools</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;">Government</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Grainville_School" title="Grainville School">Grainville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haute_Valle%C3%A9" title="Haute Valleé">Haute Valleé</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hautlieu_School" title="Hautlieu School">Hautlieu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jersey_College_for_Girls" title="Jersey College for Girls">Jersey College for Girls</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Le_Rocquier_School" title="Le Rocquier School">Le Rocquier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Les_Quennevais_School" title="Les Quennevais School">Les Quennevais</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Victoria_College,_Jersey" title="Victoria College, Jersey">Victoria College</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Highlands_College,_Jersey" title="Highlands College, Jersey">Highlands College, Jersey</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;">Independent</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Beaulieu_Convent_School" title="Beaulieu Convent School">Beaulieu Convent School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/De_La_Salle_College,_Jersey" title="De La Salle College, Jersey">De La Salle College</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St._Michael%27s_Preparatory_School" class="mw-redirect" title="St. Michael's Preparatory School">St Michael's Preparatory</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Jersey" title="Geography of Jersey">Geography</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Jersey" title="Geography of Jersey">Geography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geology_of_Jersey" title="Geology of Jersey">Geology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parishes_of_Jersey" title="Parishes of Jersey">Parishes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_reservoirs_on_Jersey" title="List of reservoirs on Jersey">Reservoirs</a></li> <li>Places in the islands <ul><li><a href="/wiki/St_Helier" title="St Helier">St Helier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Aubin,_Jersey" title="Saint Aubin, Jersey">Saint Aubin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gorey,_Jersey" title="Gorey, Jersey">Gorey</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Jersey" title="Politics of Jersey">Politics</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bailiff_(Channel_Islands)" title="Bailiff (Channel Islands)">Bailiff</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Bailiffs_of_Jersey" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Bailiffs of Jersey">list</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_Jersey" title="Constitution of Jersey">Constitution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Government_of_Jersey" title="Government of Jersey">Government of Jersey</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chief_Minister_of_Jersey" title="Chief Minister of Jersey">Chief Minister</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Council_of_Ministers_(Jersey)" title="Council of Ministers (Jersey)">Council of Ministers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/States_of_Jersey_Customs_and_Immigration_Service" title="States of Jersey Customs and Immigration Service">Customs and Immigration Service</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duke_of_Normandy" title="Duke of Normandy">Duke of Normandy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Jersey" title="Elections in Jersey">Elections</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">External relations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lieutenant_Governor_of_Jersey" title="Lieutenant Governor of Jersey">Lieutenant Governor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parish_Assembly_(Jersey)" title="Parish Assembly (Jersey)">Parish Assembly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_Jersey" class="mw-redirect" title="List of political parties in Jersey">Political parties</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conn%C3%A9table_(Jersey_and_Guernsey)" title="Connétable (Jersey and Guernsey)">Connétable</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Procureur_du_Bien_Public" title="Procureur du Bien Public">Procureur du Bien Public</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Militia_of_the_Island_of_Jersey" title="Royal Militia of the Island of Jersey">Royal Militia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/States_Assembly" title="States Assembly">States Assembly</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_members_of_the_States_Assembly" class="mw-redirect" title="List of members of the States Assembly">List of members of the States Assembly</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Viscounts_of_Jersey" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Viscounts of Jersey">Viscounts</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Law_of_Jersey" title="Law of Jersey">Law</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Courts_of_Jersey" title="Courts of Jersey">Courts</a> (<a href="/wiki/Royal_Court_(Jersey)" title="Royal Court (Jersey)">Royal</a>)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Greffier" title="Greffier">Greffier</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HM_Prison_La_Moye" title="HM Prison La Moye">HM Prison La Moye</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jersey_Legal_French" title="Jersey Legal French">Jersey Legal French</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_members_of_the_judiciary_of_Jersey" title="List of members of the judiciary of Jersey">Judiciary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jurat#Jersey" title="Jurat">Jurat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/States_of_Jersey_Police" title="States of Jersey Police">Police</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Honorary_Police" title="Honorary Police">Honorary</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Jersey" title="Economy of Jersey">Economy</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Financial_services_in_Jersey" title="Financial services in Jersey">Financial services</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jersey_Electricity_Company" title="Jersey Electricity Company">Jersey Electricity Company</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jersey_Financial_Services_Commission" title="Jersey Financial Services Commission">Jersey Financial Services Commission</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jersey_Post" title="Jersey Post">Jersey Post</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jersey_pound" title="Jersey pound">Jersey pound</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Coins_of_the_Jersey_pound" class="mw-redirect" title="Coins of the Jersey pound">coins</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jersey_livre" title="Jersey livre">Livre <span style="font-size:85%;">(former currency)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roads_in_Jersey" class="mw-redirect" title="Roads in Jersey">Roads</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Roads_Committee" title="Roads Committee">Committee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Visite_du_Branchage" title="Visite du Branchage">Visite du Branchage</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taxation_in_Jersey" title="Taxation in Jersey">Taxation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Jersey" title="Telecommunications in Jersey">Telecommunications</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/JT_Group_Limited" title="JT Group Limited">JT Group Limited</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Newtel_Solutions" title="Newtel Solutions">Newtel Solutions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sure_(company)" title="Sure (company)">Sure</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Airtel-Vodafone" title="Airtel-Vodafone">Airtel-Vodafone</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tourism_in_Jersey" title="Tourism in Jersey">Tourism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transport_in_Jersey" title="Transport in Jersey">Transport</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jersey_Airport" title="Jersey Airport">airport</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Jersey" title="Culture of Jersey">Culture</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jersey_Battle_of_Flowers" title="Jersey Battle of Flowers">Battle of Flowers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church_in_Jersey" title="Catholic Church in Jersey">Catholic Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Jersey" title="Demographics of Jersey">Demography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Durrell_Wildlife_Park" class="mw-redirect" title="Durrell Wildlife Park">Durrell Wildlife Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Education_in_Jersey" title="Category:Education in Jersey">Education</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jersey_Eisteddfod" title="Jersey Eisteddfod">Eisteddfod</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/J%C3%A8rriais" title="Jèrriais">Jèrriais language</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/J%C3%A8rriais_literature" title="Jèrriais literature">Jèrriais literature</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jersey_cattle" title="Jersey cattle">Jersey cow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jersey_people" title="Jersey people">Jersey people</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jersey_Royal_potato" class="mw-redirect" title="Jersey Royal potato">Jersey Royal potato</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Jersey" class="mw-redirect" title="Music of Jersey">Music</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jersey_Live" title="Jersey Live">Jersey Live</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jersey_Opera_House" title="Jersey Opera House">Opera House</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Jersey" title="Religion in Jersey">Religion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sport_in_Jersey" title="Sport in Jersey">Sport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theatre_of_Jersey" title="Theatre of Jersey">Theatre</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Mass_media_in_Jersey" title="Mass media in Jersey">Media</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/BBC_Radio_Jersey" title="BBC Radio Jersey">BBC Radio Jersey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Channel_103" title="Channel 103">Channel 103</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ITV_Channel_Television" title="ITV Channel Television">ITV Channel Television</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Jersey_Evening_Post" title="Jersey Evening Post">Jersey Evening Post</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Symbols_of_the_United_Kingdom,_the_Channel_Islands_and_the_Isle_of_Man#Bailiwick_of_Jersey" class="mw-redirect" title="Symbols of the United Kingdom, the Channel Islands and the Isle of Man">Symbols</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Island_Home_(anthem)" title="Island Home (anthem)">Anthem</a> (<a href="/wiki/Beautiful_Jersey" title="Beautiful Jersey">Beautiful Jersey</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coat_of_arms_of_Jersey" title="Coat of arms of Jersey">Coat of arms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Jersey" title="Flag of Jersey">Flag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberation_Day_(Jersey)" class="mw-redirect" title="Liberation Day (Jersey)">Liberation Day</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Vingtaines_by_parish" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Vingtaine" title="Vingtaine">Vingtaines</a> by <a href="/wiki/Parishes_of_Jersey" title="Parishes of Jersey">parish</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/St_Helier" title="St Helier">St Helier</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vingtaine_de_la_Ville" title="Vingtaine de la Ville">de la Ville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vingtaine_du_Rouge_Bouillon" title="Vingtaine du Rouge Bouillon">du Rouge Bouillon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vingtaine_de_Bas_du_Mont_au_Pr%C3%AAtre" title="Vingtaine de Bas du Mont au Prêtre">de Bas du Mont au Prêtre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vingtaine_de_Haut_du_Mont_au_Pr%C3%AAtre" title="Vingtaine de Haut du Mont au Prêtre">de Haut du Mont au Prêtre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vingtaine_du_Mont_%C3%A0_l%27Abb%C3%A9" title="Vingtaine du Mont à l'Abbé">du Mont à l'Abbé</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vingtaine_du_Mont_Cochon" title="Vingtaine du Mont Cochon">du Mont Cochon</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Grouville" title="Grouville">Grouville</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vingtaine_des_Marais" title="Vingtaine des Marais">des Marais</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vingtaine_de_la_Rue" title="Vingtaine de la Rue">de la Rue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vingtaine_de_Longueville" title="Vingtaine de Longueville">de Longueville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vingtaine_de_la_Rocque" title="Vingtaine de la Rocque">de la Rocque</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minquiers" title="Minquiers">Les Minquiers</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/St_Brelade" title="St Brelade">St Brelade</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vingtaine_de_Noirmont" title="Vingtaine de Noirmont">de Noirmont</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vingtaine_du_Coin" title="Vingtaine du Coin">du Coin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vingtaine_des_Quennevais" title="Vingtaine des Quennevais">des Quennevais</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vingtaine_de_la_Moye" title="Vingtaine de la Moye">de la Moye</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/St_Clement,_Jersey" title="St Clement, Jersey">Saint Clement</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Grande_Vingtaine_(St_Clement)" title="Grande Vingtaine (St Clement)">Grande Vingtaine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vingtaine_du_Rocquier" title="Vingtaine du Rocquier">du Rocquier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vingtaine_de_Samar%C3%A8s" title="Vingtaine de Samarès">de Samarès</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/St_John,_Jersey" title="St John, Jersey">Saint John</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vingtaine_du_Nord_(St_John)" title="Vingtaine du Nord (St John)">du Nord</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vingtaine_de_H%C3%A9rupe" title="Vingtaine de Hérupe">de Hérupe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vingtaine_du_Douet_(St_John)" title="Vingtaine du Douet (St John)">du Douet</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/St_Lawrence,_Jersey" title="St Lawrence, Jersey">Saint Lawrence</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vingtaine_de_la_Vall%C3%A9e" title="Vingtaine de la Vallée">de la Vallée</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vingtaine_du_Coin_H%C3%A2tain" title="Vingtaine du Coin Hâtain">du Coin Hâtain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vingtaine_du_Coin_Motier" title="Vingtaine du Coin Motier">du Coin Motier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vingtaine_du_Coin_Tourgis_Nord" class="mw-redirect" title="Vingtaine du Coin Tourgis Nord">du Coin Tourgis Nord</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vingtaine_du_Coin_Tourgis_Sud" title="Vingtaine du Coin Tourgis Sud">du Coin Tourgis Sud</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/St_Martin,_Jersey" title="St Martin, Jersey">Saint Martin</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vingtaine_de_Rozel" title="Vingtaine de Rozel">de Rozel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vingtaine_de_Faldouet" title="Vingtaine de Faldouet">de Faldouet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vingtaine_de_la_Qu%C3%A9ru%C3%A9e" title="Vingtaine de la Quéruée">de la Quéruée</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vingtaine_de_l%27%C3%89glise" title="Vingtaine de l'Église">de l'Église</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vingtaine_du_Fief_de_la_Reine" title="Vingtaine du Fief de la Reine">du Fief de la Reine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%89cr%C3%A9hous" title="Écréhous">Les Écréhous</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/St_Mary,_Jersey" title="St Mary, Jersey">Saint Mary</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vingtaine_du_Sud" title="Vingtaine du Sud">du Sud</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vingtaine_du_Nord_(St_Mary)" title="Vingtaine du Nord (St Mary)">du Nord</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/St_Ouen,_Jersey" title="St Ouen, Jersey">Saint Ouen</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Petite_Cueillette&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Petite Cueillette (page does not exist)">Petite Cueillette</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Grande_Cueillette&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Grande Cueillette (page does not exist)">Grande Cueillette</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cueillette_de_Grantez&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cueillette de Grantez (page does not exist)">Cueillette de Grantez</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cueillette_de_Millais&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cueillette de Millais (page does not exist)">Cueillette de Millais</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cueillette_de_Vinchelez&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cueillette de Vinchelez (page does not exist)">Cueillette de Vinchelez</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cueillette_de_L%C3%A9oville&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cueillette de Léoville (page does not exist)">Cueillette de Léoville</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/St_Peter,_Jersey" title="St Peter, Jersey">Saint Peter</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vingtaine_du_Douet_(St_Peter)" title="Vingtaine du Douet (St Peter)">du Douet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vingtaine_de_St._Nicolas" title="Vingtaine de St. Nicolas">de St. Nicolas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grande_Vingtaine_(St_Peter)" title="Grande Vingtaine (St Peter)">Grand Vingtaine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vingtaine_des_Augerez" title="Vingtaine des Augerez">des Augerez</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vingtaine_du_Coin_Varin" title="Vingtaine du Coin Varin">du Coin Varin</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/St_Saviour,_Jersey" title="St Saviour, Jersey">Saint Saviour</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vingtaine_de_Maufant&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Vingtaine de Maufant (page does not exist)">de Maufant</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vingtaine_de_Sous_la_Hougue&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Vingtaine de Sous la Hougue (page does not exist)">de Sous la Hougue</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vingtaine_des_Pigneaux&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Vingtaine des Pigneaux (page does not exist)">des Pigneaux</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vingtaine_de_la_Grande_Longueville&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Vingtaine de la Grande Longueville (page does not exist)">de la Grande Longueville</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vingtaine_de_la_Petite_Longueville&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Vingtaine de la Petite Longueville (page does not exist)">de la Petite Longueville</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vingtaine_de_Sous_l%27%C3%89glise&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Vingtaine de Sous l'Église (page does not exist)">de Sous l'Église</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Trinity,_Jersey" title="Trinity, Jersey">Trinity</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vingtaine_de_la_Ville-%C3%A0-l%27%C3%89v%C3%AAque" title="Vingtaine de la Ville-à-l'Évêque">de la Ville-à-l'Évêque</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vingtaine_de_Rozel" title="Vingtaine de Rozel">de Rozel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vingtaine_du_Rondin" title="Vingtaine du Rondin">du Rondin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vingtaine_des_Augr%C3%A8s" title="Vingtaine des Augrès">des Augrès</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vingtaine_de_la_Croiserie" title="Vingtaine de la Croiserie">de la Croiserie</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="font-weight:bold;"><div><div style="margin-bottom:-0.4em;"><ul><li><span class="nobold"><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_Jersey" title="Outline of Jersey">Outline</a></span></li><li><span class="nobold"><a href="/wiki/Bibliography_of_Jersey" title="Bibliography of Jersey">Bibliography</a></span></li></ul></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Jersey" title="Category:Jersey">Category</a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Foreign_relations_of_Europe" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Foreign_relations_of_Europe" title="Template:Foreign relations of Europe"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Foreign_relations_of_Europe" title="Template talk:Foreign relations of Europe"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Foreign_relations_of_Europe" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Foreign relations of Europe"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Foreign_relations_of_Europe" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Foreign relations of Europe</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Sovereign states</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Albania" title="Foreign relations of Albania">Albania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Andorra" title="Foreign relations of Andorra">Andorra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Armenia" title="Foreign relations of Armenia">Armenia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Austria" title="Foreign relations of Austria">Austria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Azerbaijan" title="Foreign relations of Azerbaijan">Azerbaijan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Belarus" title="Foreign relations of Belarus">Belarus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Belgium" title="Foreign relations of Belgium">Belgium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina" title="Foreign relations of Bosnia and Herzegovina">Bosnia and Herzegovina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Bulgaria" title="Foreign relations of Bulgaria">Bulgaria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Croatia" title="Foreign relations of Croatia">Croatia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Cyprus" title="Foreign relations of Cyprus">Cyprus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_the_Czech_Republic" title="Foreign relations of the Czech Republic">Czech Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Denmark" title="Foreign relations of Denmark">Denmark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Estonia" title="Foreign relations of Estonia">Estonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Finland" title="Foreign relations of Finland">Finland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_France" title="Foreign relations of France">France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Georgia" title="Foreign relations of Georgia">Georgia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Germany" title="Foreign relations of Germany">Germany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Greece" title="Foreign relations of Greece">Greece</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Hungary" title="Foreign relations of Hungary">Hungary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Iceland" title="Foreign relations of Iceland">Iceland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_the_Republic_of_Ireland" class="mw-redirect" title="Foreign relations of the Republic of Ireland">Ireland</a></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Italy" title="Foreign relations of Italy">Italy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Kazakhstan" title="Foreign relations of Kazakhstan">Kazakhstan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Latvia" title="Foreign relations of Latvia">Latvia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Liechtenstein" title="Foreign relations of Liechtenstein">Liechtenstein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Lithuania" title="Foreign relations of Lithuania">Lithuania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Luxembourg" title="Foreign relations of Luxembourg">Luxembourg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Malta" title="Foreign relations of Malta">Malta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Moldova" title="Foreign relations of Moldova">Moldova</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Monaco" title="Foreign relations of Monaco">Monaco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Montenegro" title="Foreign relations of Montenegro">Montenegro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_the_Netherlands" title="Foreign relations of the Netherlands">Netherlands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_North_Macedonia" title="Foreign relations of North Macedonia">North 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title="Foreign relations of Spain">Spain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Sweden" title="Foreign relations of Sweden">Sweden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Switzerland" title="Foreign relations of Switzerland">Switzerland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Turkey" title="Foreign relations of Turkey">Turkey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Ukraine" title="Foreign relations of Ukraine">Ukraine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Foreign relations of the United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Vatican_City" class="mw-redirect" title="Foreign relations of Vatican City">Vatican City</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">States with limited<br />recognition</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a 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