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id="toc-Early_life" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Early_life"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Early life</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Early_life-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Early_training" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Early_training"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Early training</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Early_training-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Travel_to_China" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Travel_to_China"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>Travel to China</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Travel_to_China-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Return_to_Japan" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Return_to_Japan"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4</span> <span>Return to Japan</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Return_to_Japan-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Eihei-ji" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Eihei-ji"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.5</span> <span>Eihei-ji</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Eihei-ji-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Death" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Death"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.6</span> <span>Death</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Death-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Teachings" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Teachings"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Teachings</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Teachings-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Teachings subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Teachings-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Zazen" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Zazen"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Zazen</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Zazen-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Other_Buddhist_practices" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Other_Buddhist_practices"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Other Buddhist practices</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Other_Buddhist_practices-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Oneness_of_practice-verification" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Oneness_of_practice-verification"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Oneness of practice-verification</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Oneness_of_practice-verification-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Buddha-nature" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Buddha-nature"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4</span> <span>Buddha-nature</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Buddha-nature-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Great_realization_/_satori" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Great_realization_/_satori"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.5</span> <span>Great realization / satori</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Great_realization_/_satori-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Time-Being" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Time-Being"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.6</span> <span>Time-Being</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Time-Being-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Perfect_expression" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Perfect_expression"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.7</span> <span>Perfect expression</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Perfect_expression-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Critique_of_Rinzai" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Critique_of_Rinzai"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.8</span> <span>Critique of Rinzai</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Critique_of_Rinzai-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Virtues" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Virtues"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.9</span> <span>Virtues</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Virtues-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Writings" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Writings"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Writings</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Writings-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Writings subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Writings-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Shōbōgenzō" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Shōbōgenzō"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Shōbōgenzō</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Shōbōgenzō-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Shushō-gi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Shushō-gi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1.1</span> <span>Shushō-gi</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Shushō-gi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Shinji_Shōbōgenzō" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Shinji_Shōbōgenzō"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Shinji Shōbōgenzō</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Shinji_Shōbōgenzō-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Collections_of_dharma_discourses" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Collections_of_dharma_discourses"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>Collections of dharma discourses</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Collections_of_dharma_discourses-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Other_writings" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Other_writings"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.4</span> <span>Other writings</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Other_writings-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Lineage" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Lineage"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Lineage</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Lineage-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Miraculous_events_and_auspicious_signs" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Miraculous_events_and_auspicious_signs"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Miraculous events and auspicious signs</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Miraculous_events_and_auspicious_signs-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sources" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sources"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Sources</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sources-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Dōgen</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 42 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-42" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">42 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%D9%88%D8%BA%D9%8A%D9%86" title="دوغين – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="دوغين" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C5%8Dgen" title="Dōgen – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Dōgen" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C5%8Dgen" title="Dōgen – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Dōgen" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C3%B3gen_Zend%C5%BEi" title="Dógen Zendži – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Dógen Zendži" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C5%8Dgen" title="Dōgen – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Dōgen" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C5%8Dgen" title="Dōgen – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Dōgen" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C5%8Dgen" title="Dōgen – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Dōgen" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C5%8Dgen" title="Dōgen – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Dōgen" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C5%8Dgen" title="Dōgen – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Dōgen" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%D9%88%DA%AF%D9%86" title="دوگن – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="دوگن" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C5%8Dgen" title="Dōgen – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Dōgen" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C5%8Dgen" title="Dōgen – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Dōgen" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%8F%84%EA%B2%90" title="도겐 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="도겐" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B4%D5%B8%D5%A3%D5%A5%D5%B6" title="Դոգեն – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Դոգեն" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C5%8Dgen" title="Dōgen – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Dōgen" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dogen" title="Dogen – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Dogen" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eihei_D%C5%8Dgen" title="Eihei Dōgen – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Eihei Dōgen" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%93%D7%95%D7%92%D7%9F" title="דוגן – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="דוגן" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dogens_Zend%C5%BEi" title="Dogens Zendži – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Dogens Zendži" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C3%B3gen" title="Dógen – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Dógen" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C5%8Dgen" title="Dōgen – Malagasy" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Dōgen" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagasy" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dogen" title="Dogen – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Dogen" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%81%93%E5%85%83" title="道元 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="道元" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C5%8Dgen" title="Dōgen – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Dōgen" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C5%8Dgen" title="Dōgen – Piedmontese" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Dōgen" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="Piedmontese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C5%8Dgen" title="Dōgen – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Dōgen" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eihei_Dogen" title="Eihei Dogen – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Eihei Dogen" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C5%8Dgen" title="Dōgen – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Dōgen" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%BE%D0%B3%D1%8D%D0%BD" title="Догэн – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Догэн" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C5%8Dgen" title="Dōgen – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Dōgen" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C3%B3gen_Zend%C5%BEi" title="Dógen Zendži – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Dógen Zendži" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dogen_Send%C5%BEi" title="Dogen Sendži – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Dogen Sendži" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BD" title="Доген – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" 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free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Japanese Zen buddhist teacher (1200-1253)</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox biography vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size:125%;background: #FFCC33; color: #000000;"><div class="fn">Dōgen</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Soto-Zen-Master-Dogen-Zenji-Portrait.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Soto-Zen-Master-Dogen-Zenji-Portrait.png/220px-Soto-Zen-Master-Dogen-Zenji-Portrait.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="473" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Soto-Zen-Master-Dogen-Zenji-Portrait.png/330px-Soto-Zen-Master-Dogen-Zenji-Portrait.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Soto-Zen-Master-Dogen-Zenji-Portrait.png/440px-Soto-Zen-Master-Dogen-Zenji-Portrait.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="1935" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Title</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Zen_Master" class="mw-redirect" title="Zen Master">Zen Master</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background: #FFCC33; color: #000000;">Personal life</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data">26 January 1200<br /><div style="display:inline" class="birthplace"><a href="/wiki/Kyoto" title="Kyoto">Kyoto</a>, <a href="/wiki/Japan" title="Japan">Japan</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Died</th><td class="infobox-data">22 September 1253<span style="display:none">(1253-09-22)</span> (aged 53)<br /><div style="display:inline" class="deathplace">Kyoto, Japan</div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background: #FFCC33; color: #000000;">Religious life</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Religion</th><td class="infobox-data category"><a href="/wiki/Buddhism" title="Buddhism">Buddhism</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">School</th><td class="infobox-data category"><a href="/wiki/S%C5%8Dt%C5%8D" title="Sōtō">Sōtō</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background: #FFCC33; color: #000000;">Senior posting</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Predecessor</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Rujing" 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.mw-parser-output table:not(.notheme) .tmp-color{color:inherit!important}}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494"><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile nowraplinks zen-buddhism plainlist"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-top-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:%E7%A6%AA-ouyang.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="禪 Zen"><img alt="禪 Zen" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/%E7%A6%AA-ouyang.svg/40px-%E7%A6%AA-ouyang.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/%E7%A6%AA-ouyang.svg/60px-%E7%A6%AA-ouyang.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/%E7%A6%AA-ouyang.svg/80px-%E7%A6%AA-ouyang.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="375" data-file-height="375" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-pretitle-with-top-image"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:#696969">Part of</span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Zen" title="Category:Zen"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:#696969"><i>a series</i></span></a> <span class="tmp-color" style="color:#696969">on</span></td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle"><a href="/wiki/Zen" title="Zen"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:#696969">Zen Buddhism</span></a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Ens%C5%8D" title="Ensō"><img alt="Ensō" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/Enso.svg/100px-Enso.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="99" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/Enso.svg/150px-Enso.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/Enso.svg/200px-Enso.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="138" data-file-height="136" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)">Main articles</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Zen" title="Zen">Zen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chan_Buddhism" title="Chan Buddhism">Chinese <i>Chan</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_Zen" title="Japanese Zen">Japanese <i>Zen</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Korean_Seon" title="Korean Seon">Korean <i>Seon</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thi%E1%BB%81n" title="Thiền">Vietnamese <i>Thiền</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zen_in_the_United_States" title="Zen in the United States">Zen in the United States</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)">Teachings</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><b>The "essence"</b><br /> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/No-mind" title="No-mind">No-mind</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Original_enlightenment" title="Original enlightenment">Original enlightenment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buddha-nature" title="Buddha-nature">Buddha-nature</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turning_the_light_around" title="Turning the light around">Turning the light around</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kensh%C5%8D" title="Kenshō">Kenshō</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Satori" title="Satori">Satori</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Subitism" class="mw-redirect" title="Subitism">Sudden awakening</a></li></ul> <p><b>The way</b><br /> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ten_Bulls" title="Ten Bulls">Ten Ox-Herding Pictures</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Five_Ranks" title="Five Ranks">Five ranks of Tozan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hakuin#Four_ways_of_knowing" class="mw-redirect" title="Hakuin">Hakuin's Four ways of knowing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ekay%C4%81na" title="Ekayāna">One Vehicle</a></li></ul> <p><b>The "goal"</b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bodhisattva" title="Bodhisattva">Bodhisattva ideal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buddhahood" title="Buddhahood">Buddhahood</a></li></ul> <p><b>Background</b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Zen_and_Sutras" class="mw-redirect" title="Zen and Sutras">Zen and Sutras</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Doctrinal_background_of_Zen" title="Doctrinal background of Zen">Doctrinal background of Zen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yogacara" class="mw-redirect" title="Yogacara">Representation-only</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C5%9A%C5%ABnyat%C4%81" title="Śūnyatā">Emptiness</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)">Practices</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Zazen" title="Zazen">Zazen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/P%C4%81ramit%C4%81" title="Pāramitā">Six Perfections</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bodhisattva_vow" title="Bodhisattva vow">Bodhisattva vow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bodhisattva_Precepts" title="Bodhisattva Precepts">Bodhisattva Precepts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shikantaza" title="Shikantaza">Shikantaza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sesshin" title="Sesshin">Sesshin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dharani" title="Dharani">Dhāraṇī</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walking_meditation" title="Walking meditation">Walking meditation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nianfo" title="Nianfo">Nianfo</a> Chan</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Koan" title="Koan">Koan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hua_Tou" title="Hua Tou">Hua Tou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samu_(Zen)" title="Samu (Zen)">Samu (Zen)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C5%8Cry%C5%8Dki" title="Ōryōki">Ōryōki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/No-mind" title="No-mind">No-mind</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prostration_(Buddhism)" title="Prostration (Buddhism)">Prostration (Buddhism)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buddhist_chant" class="mw-redirect" title="Buddhist chant">Buddhist chant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dharma_combat" title="Dharma combat">Dharma combat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ky%C5%8Dgai" title="Kyōgai">Kyōgai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buddhist_poetry#Japanese_Buddhist_Poetry" title="Buddhist poetry">Zen poetry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hitsuzend%C5%8D" title="Hitsuzendō">Zen calligraphy</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Zen_scriptures" title="Zen scriptures">Zen scripture</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><i><b>Indian Mahayana texts</b></i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Prajnaparamita#Texts" title="Prajnaparamita">Prajñaparamita sutras</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/La%E1%B9%85k%C4%81vat%C4%81ra_S%C5%ABtra" title="Laṅkāvatāra Sūtra">Lankavatara Sutra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C5%9Ar%C4%ABm%C4%81l%C4%81dev%C4%AB_Si%E1%B9%83han%C4%81da_S%C5%ABtra" title="Śrīmālādevī Siṃhanāda Sūtra">Śrīmālādevī Sūtra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lotus_Sutra" title="Lotus Sutra">Lotus Sutra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vimalakirti_Sutra" title="Vimalakirti Sutra">Vimalakirti Sutra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buddh%C4%81vata%E1%B9%83saka_S%C5%ABtra" title="Buddhāvataṃsaka Sūtra">Avatamsaka Sutra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mah%C4%81y%C4%81na_Mah%C4%81parinirv%C4%81%E1%B9%87a_S%C5%ABtra" title="Mahāyāna Mahāparinirvāṇa Sūtra">Mahaparinirvana Sutra</a></li></ul> <p><i><b>Chinese texts</b></i> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Long_Scroll_of_the_Treatise_on_the_Two_Entrances_and_Four_Practices" class="mw-redirect" title="Long Scroll of the Treatise on the Two Entrances and Four Practices">Two Entrances and Four Practices</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C5%9A%C5%ABra%E1%B9%85gama_S%C5%ABtra" title="Śūraṅgama Sūtra">Śūraṅgama Sūtra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Awakening_of_Faith_in_the_Mahayana" title="Awakening of Faith in the Mahayana">The Awakening of Faith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sutra_of_Perfect_Enlightenment" title="Sutra of Perfect Enlightenment">Sutra of Perfect Enlightenment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Platform_Sutra" title="Platform Sutra">Platform Sutra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anthology_of_the_Patriarchal_Hall" title="Anthology of the Patriarchal Hall">Anthology of the Patriarchal Hall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Jingde_Record_of_the_Transmission_of_the_Lamp" title="The Jingde Record of the Transmission of the Lamp">Transmission of the Lamp</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)">Traditions</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/East_Mountain_Teaching" title="East Mountain Teaching">East Mountain Teaching</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sanjiejiao" title="Sanjiejiao">Sanjiejiao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oxhead_school" title="Oxhead school">Oxhead school</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heze_school" class="mw-redirect" title="Heze school">Heze school</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hongzhou_school" title="Hongzhou school">Hongzhou school</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Five_Houses_of_Ch%C3%A1n" title="Five Houses of Chán">Five Houses of Chán</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chan_Buddhism#Tibetan_Chan" title="Chan Buddhism">Tibetan Chan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tr%C3%BAc_L%C3%A2m" title="Trúc Lâm">Trúc Lâm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plum_Village_Tradition" title="Plum Village Tradition">Plum Village Tradition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Order_of_Interbeing" title="Order of Interbeing">Order of Interbeing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jogye_Order" title="Jogye Order">Jogye Order</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kwan_Um_School_of_Zen" title="Kwan Um School of Zen">Kwan Um School of Zen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taego_Order" title="Taego Order">Taego Order</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rinzai_school" title="Rinzai school">Rinzai school</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S%C5%8Dt%C5%8D" title="Sōtō">Sōtō school</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C5%8Cbaku" title="Ōbaku">Ōbaku school</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sanbo_Kyodan" title="Sanbo Kyodan">Sanbo Kyodan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_Plum_Asanga" title="White Plum Asanga">White Plum Asanga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ordinary_Mind_Zen_School" title="Ordinary Mind Zen School">Ordinary Mind Zen School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zen_Peacemakers" title="Zen Peacemakers">Zen Peacemakers</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)">Persons</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><b>Chán in China</b><br /> <p><i><b>Classical</b></i> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bodhidharma" title="Bodhidharma">Bodhidharma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daman_Hongren" title="Daman Hongren">Hongren</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yuquan_Shenxiu" title="Yuquan Shenxiu">Shenxiu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huineng" title="Huineng">Huineng (Enō)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shenhui" title="Shenhui">Shenhui</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mazu_Daoyi" title="Mazu Daoyi">Mazu Daoyi (Baso)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shitou_Xiqian" title="Shitou Xiqian">Shitou Xiqian (Kisen)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huangbo_Xiyun" title="Huangbo Xiyun">Huangbo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dongshan_Liangjie" title="Dongshan Liangjie">Dongshan Liangjie (Tozan)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xuefeng_Yicun" title="Xuefeng Yicun">Xuefeng Yicun (Seppo)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Linji_Yixuan" title="Linji Yixuan">Linji Yixuan (Rinzai)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guifeng_Zongmi" title="Guifeng Zongmi">Zongmi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yunmen_Wenyan" title="Yunmen Wenyan">Yunmen Wenyan (Ummon Bun'en)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yongming_Yanshou" title="Yongming Yanshou">Yongming Yanshou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dahui_Zonggao" title="Dahui Zonggao">Dahui Zonggao (Tahui)</a></li></ul> <p><i><b>Post-classical</b></i> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Zhongfeng_Mingben" title="Zhongfeng Mingben">Zhongfeng Mingben</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hanshan_Deqing" title="Hanshan Deqing">Hanshan Deqing</a></li></ul> <p><i><b>Contemporary</b></i> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Taixu" title="Taixu">Taixu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xu_Yun" class="mw-redirect" title="Xu Yun">Xu Yun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sheng-yen" title="Sheng-yen">Sheng-yen</a></li></ul> <p><b>Zen in Japan</b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Eisai" title="Eisai">Eisai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bassui_Tokush%C5%8D" title="Bassui Tokushō">Bassui</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ikky%C5%AB" title="Ikkyū">Ikkyū</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bankei" class="mw-redirect" title="Bankei">Bankei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hakuin_Ekaku" title="Hakuin Ekaku">Hakuin Ekaku</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Dōgen</a></li></ul> <p><b>Seon in Korea</b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Taego_Bou" title="Taego Bou">Taego Bou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jinul" title="Jinul">Jinul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daewon" title="Daewon">Daewon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seongcheol" title="Seongcheol">Seongcheol</a></li></ul> <p><b>Thiền in Vietnam</b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tr%E1%BA%A7n_Th%C3%A1i_T%C3%B4ng" title="Trần Thái Tông">Trần Thái Tông</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tr%E1%BA%A7n_Nh%C3%A2n_T%C3%B4ng" title="Trần Nhân Tông">Trần Nhân Tông</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Th%C3%ADch_Thanh_T%E1%BB%AB" title="Thích Thanh Từ">Thích Thanh Từ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Th%C3%ADch_Nh%E1%BA%A5t_H%E1%BA%A1nh" title="Thích Nhất Hạnh">Thích Nhất Hạnh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Th%C3%ADch_Thi%C3%AAn-%C3%82n" title="Thích Thiên-Ân">Thích Thiên-Ân</a></li></ul> <p><b>Western Zen</b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/D._T._Suzuki" title="D. T. Suzuki">D. T. Suzuki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hakuun_Yasutani" title="Hakuun Yasutani">Hakuun Yasutani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taizan_Maezumi" title="Taizan Maezumi">Taizan Maezumi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shunry%C5%AB_Suzuki" title="Shunryū Suzuki">Shunryū Suzuki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hsuan_Hua" title="Hsuan Hua">Hsuan Hua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seungsahn" title="Seungsahn">Seungsahn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sokei-an" title="Sokei-an">Sokei-an</a></li></ul> <i><a href="/wiki/Category:Zen_Buddhists" title="Category:Zen Buddhists">Category: Zen Buddhists</a></i></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)">Institution</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dharma_transmission" title="Dharma transmission">Dharma transmission</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zen_lineage_charts" title="Zen lineage charts">Zen lineage charts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zen_ranks_and_hierarchy" title="Zen ranks and hierarchy">Zen ranks and hierarchy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zen_organisation_and_institutions" title="Zen organisation and institutions">Zen organisation and institutions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zen_Narratives" title="Zen Narratives">Zen Narratives</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)">Related schools</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/East_Asian_M%C4%81dhyamaka" title="East Asian Mādhyamaka">Sānlùn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Asian_Yog%C4%81c%C4%81ra" title="East Asian Yogācāra">Wéishí</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huayan" title="Huayan">Huayan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tiantai" title="Tiantai">Tiantai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shingon_Buddhism" title="Shingon Buddhism">Shingon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tendai" title="Tendai">Tendai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pure_Land_Buddhism" title="Pure Land Buddhism">Pure Land Buddhism</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Zen_Buddhism" title="Template:Zen Buddhism"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Zen_Buddhism" title="Template talk:Zen Buddhism"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Zen_Buddhism" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Zen Buddhism"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1246091330"><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile nowraplinks hlist"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-pretitle">Part of a series on</td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle"><a href="/wiki/Buddhism_in_Japan" title="Buddhism in Japan">Buddhism in Japan</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:230128_Kamakura_Daibutsu_Japan04s3.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/230128_Kamakura_Daibutsu_Japan04s3.jpg/200px-230128_Kamakura_Daibutsu_Japan04s3.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="133" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/230128_Kamakura_Daibutsu_Japan04s3.jpg/300px-230128_Kamakura_Daibutsu_Japan04s3.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/230128_Kamakura_Daibutsu_Japan04s3.jpg/400px-230128_Kamakura_Daibutsu_Japan04s3.jpg 2x" data-file-width="6000" data-file-height="4000" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align: center;color: var(--color-base)">Schools</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Satyasiddhi" class="mw-redirect" title="Satyasiddhi">Jōjitsu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hosso" class="mw-redirect" title="Hosso">Hosso</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sanron" class="mw-redirect" title="Sanron">Sanron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kegon" class="mw-redirect" title="Kegon">Kegon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rissh%C5%AB_(Buddhism)" title="Risshū (Buddhism)">Ritsu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kusha-sh%C5%AB_(Buddhism)" class="mw-redirect" title="Kusha-shū (Buddhism)">Kusha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tendai" title="Tendai">Tendai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shingon" class="mw-redirect" title="Shingon">Shingon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/J%C5%8Ddo-sh%C5%AB" title="Jōdo-shū">Jōdo-shū</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/J%C5%8Ddo_Shinsh%C5%AB" title="Jōdo Shinshū">Jōdo Shinshū</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rinzai_school" title="Rinzai school">Rinzai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S%C5%8Dt%C5%8D" title="Sōtō">Sōtō</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nichiren_Buddhism" title="Nichiren Buddhism">Nichiren</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C5%8Cbaku" title="Ōbaku">Ōbaku</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fuke-sh%C5%AB" class="mw-redirect" title="Fuke-shū">Fuke-shū</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shugend%C5%8D" title="Shugendō">Shugendo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_new_religions" title="Japanese new religions">Japanese new religions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buddhism_in_the_United_States#Zen" title="Buddhism in the United States">Zen in the US</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align: center;color: var(--color-base)">Key figures</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Prince_Sh%C5%8Dtoku" title="Prince Shōtoku">Shōtoku</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tori_Busshi" title="Tori Busshi">Tori Busshi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/R%C5%8Dben" title="Rōben">Rōben</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saich%C5%8D" title="Saichō">Saichō</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/K%C5%ABkai" title="Kūkai">Kūkai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/J%C5%8Dch%C5%8D" title="Jōchō">Jōchō</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/K%C5%ABya" title="Kūya">Kūya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/En_no_Gy%C5%8Dja" title="En no Gyōja">En no Gyōja</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/H%C5%8Dnen" title="Hōnen">Hōnen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/My%C5%8De" title="Myōe">Myōe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shinran" title="Shinran">Shinran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/J%C5%8Dkei_(monk)" title="Jōkei (monk)">Jōkei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eison" title="Eison">Eison</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ninsh%C5%8D" title="Ninshō">Ninshō</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Dōgen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eisai" title="Eisai">Eisai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ingen" title="Ingen">Ingen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nichiren" title="Nichiren">Nichiren</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unkei" title="Unkei">Unkei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enni" title="Enni">Enni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yishan_Yining" title="Yishan Yining">Issan Ichinei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mus%C5%8D_Soseki" title="Musō Soseki">Musō Soseki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sen_no_Riky%C5%AB" title="Sen no Rikyū">Sen no Rikyū</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rennyo" title="Rennyo">Rennyo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sessh%C5%AB_T%C5%8Dy%C5%8D" title="Sesshū Tōyō">Sesshū Tōyō</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Takuan_S%C5%8Dh%C5%8D" title="Takuan Sōhō">Takuan Sōhō</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ingen" title="Ingen">Ingen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hasegawa_T%C5%8Dhaku" title="Hasegawa Tōhaku">Hasegawa Tōhaku</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anrakuan_Sakuden" title="Anrakuan Sakuden">Sakuden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tenkai" title="Tenkai">Tenkai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inoue_Enry%C5%8D" title="Inoue Enryō">Inoue Enryō</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sensh%C5%8D_Murakami" title="Senshō Murakami">Murakami Senshō</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kitaro_Nishida" title="Kitaro Nishida">Nishida Kitarō</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soyen_Shaku" title="Soyen Shaku">Shaku Sōen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/D._T._Suzuki" title="D. T. Suzuki">D. T. Suzuki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shunry%C5%AB_Suzuki" title="Shunryū Suzuki">Suzuki Shunryū</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align: center;color: var(--color-base)">Key topics</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nihon_Shoki" title="Nihon Shoki">Nihon Shoki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buddhist_art_in_Japan" title="Buddhist art in Japan">Art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_Buddhist_pantheon" title="Japanese Buddhist pantheon">Deities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_Buddhist_architecture" title="Japanese Buddhist architecture">Architecture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buddhist_temples_in_Japan" title="Buddhist temples in Japan">Temples</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hongaku" class="mw-redirect" title="Hongaku">Hongaku</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Honji_suijaku" title="Honji suijaku">Honji suijaku</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shinbutsu-sh%C5%ABg%C5%8D" title="Shinbutsu-shūgō">Shinbutsu-shūgō</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gongen" title="Gongen">Gongen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nianfo" title="Nianfo">Nenbutsu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Death_poem" title="Death poem">Death poem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_rock_garden" class="mw-redirect" title="Japanese rock garden">Zen garden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zazen" title="Zazen">Zazen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Namu_My%C5%8Dh%C5%8D_Renge_Ky%C5%8D" title="Namu Myōhō Renge Kyō">Daimoku</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S%C5%8Dhei" title="Sōhei">Sōhei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ikk%C5%8D-ikki" title="Ikkō-ikki">Ikkō-ikki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Butsudan" title="Butsudan">Butsudan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bon_Festival" class="mw-redirect" title="Bon Festival">Obon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaich%C5%8D" title="Kaichō">Kaichō</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kanjin" title="Kanjin">Kanjin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Senjafuda" title="Senjafuda">Senjafuda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Danka_system" title="Danka system">Danka system</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shinbutsu_bunri" title="Shinbutsu bunri">Shinbutsu bunri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haibutsu_kishaku" title="Haibutsu kishaku">Haibutsu kishaku</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Literature_of_the_Five_Mountains" title="Literature of the Five Mountains">Gozan Bungaku</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-below"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Glossary_of_Japanese_Buddhism" title="Glossary of Japanese Buddhism">Glossary of Japanese Buddhism</a></li></ul></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Japanese_Buddhism" title="Template:Japanese Buddhism"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Japanese_Buddhism" title="Template talk:Japanese Buddhism"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Japanese_Buddhism" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Japanese Buddhism"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Dōgen Zenji</b> (道元禅師; 26 January 1200 – 22 September 1253),<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> was a <a href="/wiki/Japanese_people" title="Japanese people">Japanese</a> Zen <a href="/wiki/Buddhism" title="Buddhism">Buddhist</a> <a href="/wiki/Bhikkhu" title="Bhikkhu">monk</a>, <a href="/wiki/Writer" title="Writer">writer</a>, <a href="/wiki/Poet" title="Poet">poet</a>, <a href="/wiki/Philosopher" class="mw-redirect" title="Philosopher">philosopher</a>, and founder of the <a href="/wiki/S%C5%8Dt%C5%8D" title="Sōtō">Sōtō</a> school of <a href="/wiki/Zen" title="Zen">Zen</a> in <a href="/wiki/Japan" title="Japan">Japan</a>. He is also known as <b>Dōgen Kigen</b> (<span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">道元希玄</span></span>), <b>Eihei Dōgen</b> (<span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">永平道元</span></span>), <b>Kōso Jōyō Daishi</b> (<span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">高祖承陽大師</span></span>), and <b>Busshō Dentō Kokushi</b> (<span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">仏性伝東国師</span></span>). </p><p>Originally ordained as a monk in the <a href="/wiki/Tendai" title="Tendai">Tendai School</a> in <a href="/wiki/Kyoto" title="Kyoto">Kyoto</a>, he was ultimately dissatisfied with its teaching and traveled to <a href="/wiki/China#Imperial_China" title="China">China</a> to seek out what he believed to be a more authentic <a href="/wiki/Buddhism" title="Buddhism">Buddhism</a>. He remained there for four years, finally training under <a href="/wiki/Tiantong_Rujing" class="mw-redirect" title="Tiantong Rujing">Tiāntóng Rújìng</a>, an eminent teacher of the <a href="/wiki/Caodong" class="mw-redirect" title="Caodong">Cáodòng</a> lineage of <a href="/wiki/Chan_Buddhism" title="Chan Buddhism">Chinese Chan</a>. Upon his return to Japan, he began promoting the practice of <a href="/wiki/Zazen" title="Zazen">zazen</a> (sitting meditation) through literary works such as <i><a href="/wiki/Fukan_zazengi" title="Fukan zazengi">Fukanzazengi</a></i> and <i><a href="/wiki/Bend%C5%8Dwa" title="Bendōwa">Bendōwa</a></i>. </p><p>He eventually broke relations completely with the powerful Tendai School, and, after several years of likely friction between himself and the establishment, left <a href="/wiki/Kyoto" title="Kyoto">Kyoto</a> for the mountainous countryside where he founded the monastery <a href="/wiki/Eihei-ji" title="Eihei-ji">Eihei-ji</a>, which remains the head temple of the Sōtō school today. </p><p>Dōgen is known for his extensive writings like the <i><a href="/wiki/Sh%C5%8Db%C5%8Dgenz%C5%8D" title="Shōbōgenzō">Shōbōgenzō</a></i> (<i>Treasury of the True Dharma Eye</i>, considered his <a href="/wiki/Masterpiece" title="Masterpiece">magnum opus</a>), the <i><a href="/wiki/Eihei_K%C5%8Droku" title="Eihei Kōroku">Eihei Kōroku</a></i> (<i>Extensive Record,</i> a collection of his talks), the <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Eihei_Shingi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Eihei Shingi (page does not exist)">Eihei Shingi</a></i> (the first Japanese Zen monastic code), along with his Japanese poetry, and commentaries. Dōgen's writings are one of the most important sources studied in the contemporary <a href="/wiki/S%C5%8Dt%C5%8D" title="Sōtō">Sōtō</a> Zen tradition. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Biography">Biography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=D%C5%8Dgen&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Biography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Early_life">Early life</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=D%C5%8Dgen&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Early life"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Dōgen was probably born into a noble family, though as an illegitimate child of <a href="/wiki/Minamoto_no_Michichika" title="Minamoto no Michichika">Minamoto Michichika</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:7_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:7-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> His foster father was his older brother <a href="/wiki/Minamoto_no_Michitomo" title="Minamoto no Michitomo">Minamoto no Michitomo</a>, who served in the <a href="/wiki/Imperial_court_in_Kyoto" class="mw-redirect" title="Imperial court in Kyoto">imperial court</a> as a high-ranking <i>ashō</i><span style="font-weight: normal"> (<span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">亞相</span></span>, "Councillor of State")</span>.<sup id="cite_ref-Bodiford_22_36_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bodiford_22_36-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:7_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:7-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> His mother, named Ishi, the daughter of <a href="/wiki/Matsudono_Motofusa" title="Matsudono Motofusa">Matsudono Motofusa</a> and a sister of the monk Ryōkan Hōgen, is said to have died when Dōgen was age 7.<sup id="cite_ref-:7_3-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:7-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Early_training">Early training</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=D%C5%8Dgen&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Early training"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1212, the spring of his thirteenth year, Dōgen fled the house of his uncle <a href="/wiki/Matsudono_Moroie" title="Matsudono Moroie">Matsudono Moroie</a> and went to his uncle Ryōkan Hōgen at the foot of <a href="/wiki/Mount_Hiei" title="Mount Hiei">Mount Hiei</a>, the headquarters of the <a href="/wiki/Tendai" title="Tendai">Tendai school</a> of Buddhism.<sup id="cite_ref-:7_3-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:7-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Stating that his mother's death was the reason he wanted to become a monk, Ryōkan sent the young Dōgen to <a href="/wiki/Jien" title="Jien">Jien</a>, an abbot at Yokawa on Mount Hiei.<sup id="cite_ref-:7_3-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:7-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to the <i>Kenzeiki</i> (<span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">建撕記</span></span>), he became possessed by a single question with regard to the Tendai doctrine: </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>As I study both the exoteric and the esoteric schools of Buddhism, they maintain that human beings are endowed with <a href="/wiki/Buddha-nature" title="Buddha-nature">Dharma-nature</a> by birth. If this is the case, why did the <a href="/wiki/Buddha_(general)" class="mw-redirect" title="Buddha (general)">Buddhas</a> of all ages — undoubtedly in possession of <a href="/wiki/Bodhi" class="mw-redirect" title="Bodhi">enlightenment</a> — find it necessary to seek enlightenment and engage in spiritual practice?<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <p>This question was, in large part, prompted by the Tendai concept of <a href="/wiki/Hongaku" class="mw-redirect" title="Hongaku">original enlightenment</a> (<span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">本覚</span></span> <i>hongaku</i>), which states that all human beings are enlightened by nature and that, consequently, any notion of achieving enlightenment through practice is fundamentally flawed.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <i>Kenzeiki</i> further states that he found no answer to his question at Mount Hiei, and that he was disillusioned by the internal politics and need for social prominence for advancement.<sup id="cite_ref-Bodiford_22_36_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bodiford_22_36-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Therefore, Dōgen left to seek an answer from other Buddhist masters. He went to visit Kōin, the Tendai abbot of <a href="/wiki/Mii-dera" title="Mii-dera">Onjō-ji Temple</a> (<span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">園城寺</span></span>), asking him this same question. Kōin said that, in order to find an answer, he might want to consider studying <a href="/wiki/Chan_Buddhism" title="Chan Buddhism">Chán</a> in China.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1217, two years after the death of contemporary Zen Buddhist <a href="/wiki/Eisai" title="Eisai">Myōan Eisai</a>, Dōgen went to study at <a href="/wiki/Kennin-ji" title="Kennin-ji">Kennin-ji Temple</a> (<span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">建仁寺</span></span>), under Eisai's successor, Myōzen (<span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">明全</span></span>).<sup id="cite_ref-Bodiford_22_36_4-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bodiford_22_36-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Travel_to_China">Travel to China</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=D%C5%8Dgen&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Travel to China"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1223, Dōgen and Myōzen undertook the dangerous passage across the <a href="/wiki/East_China_Sea" title="East China Sea">East China Sea</a> to <a href="/wiki/Song_dynasty" title="Song dynasty">China</a> (<a href="/wiki/Song_dynasty" title="Song dynasty">Song dynasty</a>) to study in Jing-de-si (Ching-te-ssu, <span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">景德寺</span></span>) monastery as Eisai had once done. Around the time the <a href="/wiki/Mongol_Empire" title="Mongol Empire">Mongol Empire</a> was waging wars on the various dynasties of China.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (September 2020)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>In China, Dōgen first went to the leading Chan monasteries in <a href="/wiki/Zhejiang" title="Zhejiang">Zhèjiāng province</a>. At the time, most Chan teachers based their training around the use of <i><a href="/wiki/Koan" title="Koan">gōng-àn</a></i> (Japanese: <i>kōan</i>). Though Dōgen assiduously studied the kōans, he became disenchanted with the heavy emphasis laid upon them, and wondered why the sutras were not studied more. At one point, owing to this disenchantment, Dōgen even refused Dharma transmission from a teacher.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Then, in 1225, he decided to visit a master named <a href="/wiki/R%C3%BAj%C3%ACng" class="mw-redirect" title="Rújìng">Rújìng</a> (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">如淨</span></span>; J. Nyojō), the thirteenth patriarch of the <a href="/wiki/Caodong" class="mw-redirect" title="Caodong">Cáodòng</a> (J. Sōtō) lineage of Zen Buddhism, at Mount Tiāntóng's (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">天童山</span></span> <i>Tiāntóngshān</i>; J. Tendōzan) <a href="/wiki/Tiantong_Temple" title="Tiantong Temple">Tiāntóng temple</a> in <a href="/wiki/Ningbo" title="Ningbo">Níngbō</a>. Rujing was reputed to have a style of Chan that was different from the other masters whom Dōgen had thus far encountered. In later writings, Dōgen referred to Rujing as "the Old Buddha". Additionally he affectionately described both Rujing and Myōzen as <i>senshi</i><span style="font-weight: normal"> (<span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">先師</span></span>, "Ancient Teacher")</span>.<sup id="cite_ref-Bodiford_22_36_4-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bodiford_22_36-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Under Rujing, Dōgen realized liberation of body and mind upon hearing the master say, "cast off body and mind" (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">身心脱落</span></span> <i>shēn xīn tuō luò</i>). This phrase would continue to have great importance to Dōgen throughout his life, and can be found scattered throughout his writings, as—for example—in a famous section of his <i><a href="/wiki/Genj%C5%8Dk%C5%8Dan" title="Genjōkōan">Genjōkōan</a></i> (<span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">現成公案</span></span>): </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>To study the Way is to study the Self. To study the Self is to forget the self. To forget the self is to be enlightened by all things of the universe. To be enlightened by all things of the universe is to cast off the body and mind of the self as well as those of others. Even the traces of enlightenment are wiped out, and life with traceless enlightenment goes on forever and ever.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <p>Myōzen died shortly after Dōgen arrived at Mount Tiantong. In 1227,<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Dōgen received <a href="/wiki/Dharma_transmission" title="Dharma transmission">Dharma transmission</a> and <i><a href="/wiki/Dharma_transmission" title="Dharma transmission">inka</a></i> from Rujing, and remarked on how he had finally settled his "life's quest of the great matter".<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Return_to_Japan">Return to Japan</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=D%C5%8Dgen&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Return to Japan"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Dogen.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Dogen.jpg/170px-Dogen.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="310" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Dogen.jpg/255px-Dogen.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Dogen.jpg/340px-Dogen.jpg 2x" data-file-width="576" data-file-height="1050" /></a><figcaption>Dōgen watching the moon. <a href="/wiki/H%C5%8Dky%C5%8D-ji" title="Hōkyō-ji">Hōkyō-ji</a> monastery, Fukui prefecture, circa 1250.</figcaption></figure> <p>Dōgen returned to Japan in 1227 or 1228, going back to stay at <a href="/wiki/Kennin-ji" title="Kennin-ji">Kennin-ji</a>, where he had trained previously.<sup id="cite_ref-Bodiford_22_36_4-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bodiford_22_36-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Among his first actions upon returning was to write down the <i>Fukanzazengi</i><sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (<span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">普観坐禅儀</span></span>; <i>Universally Recommended Instructions for Zazen</i>), a short text emphasizing the importance of and giving instructions for <i><a href="/wiki/Zazen" title="Zazen">zazen</a></i> (sitting <a href="/wiki/Meditation" title="Meditation">meditation</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>However, tension soon arose as the Tendai community began taking steps to suppress both Zen and <a href="/wiki/Jodo_Shinshu" class="mw-redirect" title="Jodo Shinshu">Jōdo Shinshū</a>, the new forms of Buddhism in Japan. In the face of this tension, Dōgen left the Tendai dominion of Kyōto in 1230, settling instead in an abandoned temple in what is today the city of <a href="/wiki/Uji,_Kyoto" class="mw-redirect" title="Uji, Kyoto">Uji</a>, south of Kyōto.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1233, Dōgen founded the Kannon-dōri-in<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> in Fukakusa as a small center of practice. He later expanded this temple into <a href="/wiki/K%C5%8Dsh%C5%8Dh%C5%8Drin-ji" title="Kōshōhōrin-ji">Kōshōhōrin-ji</a> (<span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">興聖法林寺</span></span>).<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Eihei-ji">Eihei-ji</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=D%C5%8Dgen&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Eihei-ji"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Eihei-ji_Temple,_Fukui_Prefecture;_September_2019_(01).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Eihei-ji_Temple%2C_Fukui_Prefecture%3B_September_2019_%2801%29.jpg/220px-Eihei-ji_Temple%2C_Fukui_Prefecture%3B_September_2019_%2801%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Eihei-ji_Temple%2C_Fukui_Prefecture%3B_September_2019_%2801%29.jpg/330px-Eihei-ji_Temple%2C_Fukui_Prefecture%3B_September_2019_%2801%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Eihei-ji_Temple%2C_Fukui_Prefecture%3B_September_2019_%2801%29.jpg/440px-Eihei-ji_Temple%2C_Fukui_Prefecture%3B_September_2019_%2801%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5942" data-file-height="3961" /></a><figcaption>Eihei-ji Temple</figcaption></figure> <p>In 1243, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Hatano_clan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hatano clan (page does not exist)">Hatano Yoshishige</a> (<span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">波多野義重</span></span>) offered to relocate Dōgen's community to <a href="/wiki/Echizen_Province" title="Echizen Province">Echizen province</a>, far to the north of Kyōto. Dōgen accepted because of the ongoing tension with the Tendai community, and the growing competition of the <a href="/wiki/Rinzai_school" title="Rinzai school">Rinzai</a>-school.<sup id="cite_ref-Dumoulin_2005b_62_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Dumoulin_2005b_62-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>His followers built a comprehensive center of practice there, calling it Daibutsu Temple (Daibutsu-ji, <span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">大仏寺</span></span>). While the construction work was going on, Dōgen would live and teach at Yoshimine-dera Temple (Kippō-ji, <span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">吉峯寺</span></span>), which is located close to Daibutsu-ji. During his stay at Kippō-ji, Dōgen "fell into a depression".<sup id="cite_ref-Dumoulin_2005b_62_19-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Dumoulin_2005b_62-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It marked a turning point in his life, giving way to "rigorous critique of Rinzai Zen".<sup id="cite_ref-Dumoulin_2005b_62_19-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Dumoulin_2005b_62-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He criticized <a href="/wiki/Dahui_Zonggao" title="Dahui Zonggao">Dahui Zonggao</a>, the most influential figure of <a href="/wiki/Song_dynasty" title="Song dynasty">Song dynasty</a> Chán.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1246, Dōgen renamed Daibutsu-ji, calling it <a href="/wiki/Eihei-ji" title="Eihei-ji">Eihei-ji</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This temple remains one of the two head temples of Sōtō Zen in Japan today, the other being <a href="/wiki/S%C5%8Dji-ji" title="Sōji-ji">Sōji-ji</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Dōgen spent the remainder of his life teaching and writing at Eihei-ji. In 1247, the newly installed <a href="/wiki/Shikken" title="Shikken">shōgun's regent</a>, <a href="/wiki/H%C5%8Dj%C5%8D_Tokiyori" title="Hōjō Tokiyori">Hōjō Tokiyori</a>, invited Dōgen to come to <a href="/wiki/Kamakura,_Kanagawa" class="mw-redirect" title="Kamakura, Kanagawa">Kamakura</a> to teach him. Dōgen made the rather long journey east to provide the shōgun with lay ordination, and then returned to Eihei-ji in 1248. In the autumn of 1252, Dōgen fell ill, and soon showed no signs of recovering. He presented his robes to his main apprentice, Koun Ejō (<span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">孤雲懐弉</span></span>), making him the abbot of Eihei-ji.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (September 2020)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Death">Death</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=D%C5%8Dgen&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Death"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>At Hatano Yoshishige's invitation, Dōgen left for Kyōto in search of a remedy for his illness. In 1253, soon after arriving in Kyōto, Dōgen died. Shortly before his death, he had written a <a href="/wiki/Death_poem" title="Death poem">death poem</a>: </p> <div class="poem"> <p>Fifty-four years lighting up the sky.<br /> A quivering leap smashes a billion worlds.<br /> Hah!<br /> Entire body looks for nothing.<br /> Living, I plunge into Yellow Springs.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Teachings">Teachings</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=D%C5%8Dgen&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Teachings"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Zazen">Zazen</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=D%C5%8Dgen&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Zazen"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Dōgen often stressed the critical importance of <a href="/wiki/Zazen" title="Zazen">zazen</a>, or sitting meditation as the central practice of Buddhism. He considered zazen to be identical to studying Zen. This is pointed out clearly in the first sentence of the 1243 instruction manual <i>"Zazen-gi"</i> (<span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">坐禪儀</span></span>; "Principles of Zazen"): "Studying Zen ... is zazen".<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Dōgen taught zazen to everyone, even for the laity, male or female and including all social classes.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In referring to zazen, Dōgen is most often referring specifically to <i><a href="/wiki/Shikantaza" title="Shikantaza">shikantaza</a></i>, roughly translatable as "nothing but precisely sitting", or "just sitting," which is a kind of sitting meditation in which the meditator sits "in a state of brightly alert attention that is free of thoughts, directed to no object, and attached to no particular content".<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In his <i>Fukan Zazengi</i>, Dōgen wrote: </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>For zazen, a quiet room is suitable. Eat and drink moderately. Cast aside all involvements and cease all affairs. Do not think good or bad. Do not administer pros and cons. Cease all the movements of the conscious mind, the gauging of all thoughts and views. Have no designs on becoming a Buddha. Zazen has nothing whatever to do with sitting or lying down.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote><p> Dōgen also described zazen practice with the term <i>hishiryō</i> (<span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">非思量</span></span>, "non-thinking", "without thinking", "beyond thinking"). According to Cleary, it refers to <i>ekō henshō</i>, <a href="/wiki/Turning_the_light_around" title="Turning the light around">turning the light around</a>, focussing awareness on awareness itself.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is a state of <a href="/wiki/No-mind" title="No-mind">no-mind</a> which one is simply aware of things as they are, beyond thinking and not-thinking - the active effort not to think.<sup id="cite_ref-Kasulis_70_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kasulis_70-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the <i>Fukanzazengi</i>, Dōgen writes:</p><blockquote><p>...settle into a steady, immobile sitting position. Think of not thinking (<i>fushiryō</i>). How do you think of not-thinking? Without thinking (<i>hishiryō</i>). This in itself is the essential art of zazen. The zazen I speak of is not learning <a href="/wiki/Meditation" title="Meditation">meditation</a>. It is simply the Dharma-gate of repose and bliss, the cultivation-authentication of totally culminated enlightenment. It is the presence of things as they are.<sup id="cite_ref-Kasulis_70_29-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kasulis_70-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote><p>Masanobu Takahashi writes that <i>hishiryō</i> is not a state of no mental activity whatsoever. Instead, it is a state "beyond thinking and not-thinking" and beyond affirmation and rejection.<sup id="cite_ref-:72_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:72-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Other Japanese Dogen scholars link the term with the realization of <a href="/wiki/%C5%9A%C5%ABnyat%C4%81" title="Śūnyatā">emptiness</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:72_30-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:72-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:8_31-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:8-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to Thomas Kasulis, non-thinking refers to the "pure presence of things as they are", "without affirming nor negating", without accepting nor rejecting, without believing nor disbelieving. In short, it is a non-conceptual, non-intentional and "prereflective mode of consciousness" which does not imply that it is an experience without content.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Similarly, Hee-Jin Kim describes this as an "objectless, subjectless, formless, goalless and purposeless" state which is yet not a blank void.<sup id="cite_ref-:8_31-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:8-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As such, the correct mental attitude for zazen according to Dōgen is one of effortless non-striving, this is because for Dōgen, <a href="/wiki/Original_enlightenment" title="Original enlightenment">original enlightenment</a> is already always present. </p><div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Other_Buddhist_practices">Other Buddhist practices</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=D%C5%8Dgen&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Other Buddhist practices"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Eiheiji34st3200.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Eiheiji34st3200.jpg/220px-Eiheiji34st3200.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Eiheiji34st3200.jpg/330px-Eiheiji34st3200.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Eiheiji34st3200.jpg/440px-Eiheiji34st3200.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3200" data-file-height="2130" /></a><figcaption>Dharma hall at Eihei-ji where various rites and recitations have been performed since Dōgen's time.</figcaption></figure> <p>While Dōgen emphasized the importance and centrality of zazen, he did not reject other traditional Buddhist practices, and his monasteries performed various traditional ritual practices.<sup id="cite_ref-:5_33-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:5-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:6_34-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:6-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Dōgen's monasteries also followed a strict monastic code based on the Chinese Chan codes and Dōgen often quotes these and various <a href="/wiki/Vinaya" title="Vinaya">Vinaya</a> texts in his works.<sup id="cite_ref-:6_34-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:6-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As such, monastic rules and decorum (saho) was an important element of Dōgen's teaching. One of the most important texts by Dōgen on this topic is the <i>Pure Standards for the Zen Community</i> (<i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Eihei_Shingi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Eihei Shingi (page does not exist)">Eihei Shingi</a></i>).<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Dōgen certainly saw zazen as the most important Zen practice, and saw other practices as secondary. He frequently relegates other Buddhist practices to a lesser status, as he writes in the <i><a href="/wiki/Bend%C5%8Dwa" title="Bendōwa">Bendōwa</a></i>: "Commitment to Zen is casting off body and mind. You have no need for incense offerings, homage praying, <a href="/wiki/Nembutsu" class="mw-redirect" title="Nembutsu">nembutsu</a>, penance disciplines, or silent sutra readings; just sit single-mindedly."<sup id="cite_ref-collcutt_36-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-collcutt-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> While Dōgen rhetorically critiques traditional practices in some passages, Foulk writes that "Dōgen did not mean to reject literally any of those standard Buddhist training methods".<sup id="cite_ref-:5_33-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:5-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-collcutt_36-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-collcutt-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Rather, for Dōgen, one should engage in all practices without attachment and from the point of view of the emptiness of all things. It is from this perspective that Dōgen writes we should not engage in any "practice" (which is merely a conventional category which separates one kind of activity from another).<sup id="cite_ref-:5_33-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:5-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p> Indeed, according to Foulk:</p><blockquote><p>the specific rituals that seem to be disavowed in the <i>Bendowa</i> passage are all prescribed for Zen monks, often in great detail, in Dogen's other writings. In <i>Kuyo shobutsu</i>, Dogen recommends the practice of offering incense and making worshipful <a href="/wiki/Prostration" title="Prostration">prostrations</a> before <a href="/wiki/Buddhist_art" title="Buddhist art">Buddha images</a> and <a href="/wiki/Stupas" class="mw-redirect" title="Stupas">stupas</a>, as prescribed in the sutras and Vinaya texts. In <i>Raihai tokuzui</i> he urges trainees to revere enlightened teachers and to make offerings and prostrations to them, describing this as a practice which helps pave the way to one's own awakening. In <i>Chiji shingi</i> he stipulates that the vegetable garden manager in a monastery should participate together with the main body of monks in sutra chanting services (fugin), recitation services (nenju) in which buddhas' names are chanted (a form of <a href="/wiki/Nianfo" title="Nianfo">nenbutsu</a> practice), and other major ceremonies, and that he should burn incense and make prostrations (shoko raihai) and recite the buddhas' names in prayer morning and evening when at work in the garden. The practice of <a href="/wiki/Repentance" title="Repentance">repentences</a> (sange) is encouraged in Dogen's <i>Kesa kudoku</i>, in his <i>Sanji go</i>, and his <i>Keisei sanshiki</i>. Finally, in <i>Kankin</i>, Dogen gives detailed directions for sutra reading services (kankin) in which, as he explains, texts could be read either silently or aloud as a means of producing merit to be dedicated to any number of ends, including the satisfaction of wishes made by lay donors, or prayers on behalf of the emperor.<sup id="cite_ref-:6_34-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:6-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p></blockquote> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Oneness_of_practice-verification">Oneness of practice-verification</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=D%C5%8Dgen&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Oneness of practice-verification"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The primary concept underlying Dōgen's Zen practice is "the oneness of practice-verification" or "the unity of cultivation and confirmation" (<span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">修證一如</span></span> <i>shushō-ittō</i> / <i>shushō-ichinyo</i>).<sup id="cite_ref-:2_37-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The term <i>shō</i> (<span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">證</span></span>, verification, affirmation, confirmation, attainment) is also sometimes translated as "<a href="/wiki/Enlightenment_in_Buddhism" title="Enlightenment in Buddhism">enlightenment</a>", though this translation is also questioned by some scholars.<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:2_37-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <i>shushō-ittō</i> teaching was first and most famously explained in the <i><a href="/wiki/Bend%C5%8Dwa" title="Bendōwa">Bendōwa</a></i> (<span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">弁道話</span></span> <i>A Talk on the Endeavor of the Path</i>, c. 1231) as follows:<sup id="cite_ref-:2_37-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>To think that practice and verification are not one is the view of infidels. In the buddha-dharma, practice and verification are the same [shushō kore itto nari]. Because it is practice based on verification, the beginner's pursuit of the way is the whole substance of original verification. Therefore, in giving instruction on what to be careful of in the practice, we teach not to expect verification outside of practice, for [the practice] is itself original verification. Since it is the verification of practice, verification has no limit; since it is the practice of verification, practice has no beginning.</p></blockquote><p> In the <i><a href="/wiki/Fukan_zazengi" title="Fukan zazengi">Fukanzazengi</a></i> (<i>Universal Recommendation for Zazen</i>), Dōgen explains how to practice zazen and then explains the nature of verification </p><blockquote><p>If you grasp the point of this [practice], the four elements [of the body] will become light and at ease, the spirit will be fresh and sharp, thoughts will be correct and clear; the flavor of the dharma will sustain the spirit, and you will be calm, pure, and joyful. Your daily life will be [the expression of] your true natural state. Once you achieve clarification [of the truth], you may be likened to the dragon gaining the water or the tiger taking to the mountains. You should realize that when right thought is present, dullness and agitation cannot intrude.<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p></blockquote> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Buddha-nature">Buddha-nature</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=D%C5%8Dgen&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Buddha-nature"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>For Dōgen, <a href="/wiki/Buddha-nature" title="Buddha-nature">buddha-nature</a> or <i>busshō</i> (<span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">佛性</span></span>) is all of reality, "all things" (<span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">悉有</span></span>).<sup id="cite_ref-:1_41-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the <i><a href="/wiki/Sh%C5%8Db%C5%8Dgenz%C5%8D" title="Shōbōgenzō">Shōbōgenzō</a></i>, Dōgen writes that "whole-being is the Buddha-nature" and that even inanimate objects (rocks, sand, water) are an expression of Buddha-nature. He rejected any view that saw buddha-nature as a permanent, substantial inner self or ground. Dōgen describes buddha-nature as "vast emptiness", "the world of becoming" and writes that "impermanence is in itself Buddha-nature".<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to Dōgen: </p> <blockquote><p>Therefore, the very impermanency of grass and tree, thicket and forest is the Buddha nature. The very impermanency of men and things, body and mind, is the Buddha nature. Nature and lands, mountains and rivers, are impermanent because they are the Buddha nature. Supreme and complete enlightenment, because it is impermanent, is the Buddha nature.<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote><p>Takashi James Kodera writes that the main source of Dōgen's understanding of buddha-nature is a passage from the <i><a href="/wiki/Mah%C4%81y%C4%81na_Mah%C4%81parinirv%C4%81%E1%B9%87a_S%C5%ABtra" title="Mahāyāna Mahāparinirvāṇa Sūtra">Nirvana sutra</a></i> which was widely understood as stating that all sentient beings possess buddha-nature.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_41-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, Dōgen interpreted the passage differently, rendering it as follows: </p><blockquote><p>All are (<span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">一切</span></span>) sentient beings, (<span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">衆生</span></span>) all things are (<span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">悉有</span></span>) the Buddha-nature (<span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">佛性</span></span>); the Tathagata (<span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">如来</span></span>) abides constantly (<span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">常住</span></span>), is non-existent (<span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">無</span></span>) yet existent (<span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">有</span></span>), and is change (<span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">變易</span></span>).<sup id="cite_ref-:1_41-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p></blockquote><p>Kodera explains that "whereas in the conventional reading the Buddha-nature is understood as a permanent essence inherent in all sentient beings, Dōgen contends that all things are the Buddha-nature. In the former reading, the Buddha-nature is a change less potential, but in the latter, it is the eternally arising and perishing actuality of all things in the world."<sup id="cite_ref-:1_41-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Thus for Dōgen buddha-nature includes everything, the totality of "all things", including inanimate objects like grass, trees and land (which are also "mind" for Dōgen).<sup id="cite_ref-:1_41-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Great_realization_/_satori"><span id="Great_realization_.2F_satori"></span>Great realization / satori</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=D%C5%8Dgen&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Great realization / satori"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Dōgen taught that through zazen one could attain "great realization" or "great enlightenment" (<span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">大悟徹底</span></span> <i>daigo-tettei</i>), which is also called <a href="/wiki/Satori" title="Satori">satori</a> (<span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">悟り</span></span>, "understanding", "knowledge").<sup id="cite_ref-leighton_44-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-leighton-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:3_45-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>According to Ko'un Yamada, Dōgen "repeatedly emphasizes the importance of each person attaining enlightenment".<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Dōgen writes about this in a <a href="/wiki/Fascicle_(book)" class="mw-redirect" title="Fascicle (book)">fascicle</a> of the <i><a href="/wiki/Sh%C5%8Db%C5%8Dgenz%C5%8D" title="Shōbōgenzō">Shōbōgenzō</a></i> titled <i><a href="/wiki/Daigo_(Sh%C5%8Db%C5%8Dgenz%C5%8D)" title="Daigo (Shōbōgenzō)">Daigo</a></i>, which states that when practitioners of Zen attain daigo they have risen above the discrimination between delusion and enlightenment.<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>While Dōgen did teach the importance of attaining enlightenment, he also critiqued certain ways of explaining it and teaching about it. According to Barbara O'Brien, Dōgen critiqued the term "<i><a href="/wiki/Kensh%C5%8D" title="Kenshō">kenshō</a></i>" because "the word <i>kenshō</i> means 'to see one's nature', which sets up a dichotomy between the seer and the object of seeing."<sup id="cite_ref-:4_48-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:4-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Furthermore, according to Bielefeldt, Dōgen's zazen is "a subtle state beyond either thinking or not thinking" in which "body and mind have been sloughed off". It is a state in which "all striving for religious experience, all expectation of satori (daigo), is left behind."<sup id="cite_ref-:3_45-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As such, while Dōgen did not reject the importance of satori, he taught that we should not sit zazen with the goal of satori in mind.<sup id="cite_ref-:3_45-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:4_48-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:4-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Time-Being">Time-Being</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=D%C5%8Dgen&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Time-Being"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Dōgen's conception of Being-Time or Time-Being (<i><a href="/wiki/Uji_(Being-Time)" title="Uji (Being-Time)">Uji</a></i>, <span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">有時</span></span>) is an essential element of his metaphysics in the <i>Shōbōgenzō</i>. According to the traditional interpretation, "<i>Uji</i>" here means time itself is being, and all being is time."<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <i>Uji</i> is all the changing and dynamic activities that exist as the flow of becoming, all beings in the entire world are time.<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The two terms are thus spoken of concurrently to emphasize that the things are not to be viewed as separate concepts. Moreover, the aim is to not abstract time and being as rational concepts. This view has been developed by scholars such as <a href="/wiki/Steven_Heine" title="Steven Heine">Steven Heine</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Joan_Stambaugh" title="Joan Stambaugh">Joan Stambaugh</a><sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and others and has served as a motivation to compare Dōgen's work to that of Martin Heidegger's "<a href="/wiki/Dasein" title="Dasein">Dasein</a>".<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (September 2018)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> <a href="/wiki/Rein_Raud" title="Rein Raud">Rein Raud</a> has argued that this view is not correct and that Dōgen asserts that all existence is momentary, showing that such a reading would make quite a few of the rather cryptic passages in the <i>Shōbōgenzō</i> quite lucid.<sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Perfect_expression">Perfect expression</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=D%C5%8Dgen&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Perfect expression"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Another essential element of Dōgen's 'performative' metaphysics is his conception of Perfect expression (<i>Dōtoku</i>, <span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">道得</span></span>).<sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> "While a radically critical view on language as soteriologically inefficient, if not positively harmful, is what Zen Buddhism is famous for,"<sup id="cite_ref-:0_55-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> it<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="margin-left:0.1em; white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Please_clarify" title="Wikipedia:Please clarify"><span title="what can be argued? (September 2018)">clarification needed</span></a></i>]</sup> can be argued "'within the framework of a rational theory of language, against an obscurantist interpretation of Zen that time and again invokes experience.'"<sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Dōgen distinguishes two types of language: monji <span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">文字</span></span>, the first, – after Ernst Cassirer – "discursive type that constantly structures our experiences and—more fundamentally—in fact produces the world we experience in the first place"; and dōtoku <span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">道得</span></span>, the second, "presentative type, which takes a holistic stance and establishes the totality of significations through a texture of relations.".<sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As Döll points out, "It is this second type, as Müller holds, that allows for a positive view of language even from the radically skeptical perspective of Dōgen’s brand of Zen Buddhism."<sup id="cite_ref-:0_55-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Critique_of_Rinzai">Critique of Rinzai</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=D%C5%8Dgen&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Critique of Rinzai"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Dōgen was sometimes critical of the <a href="/wiki/Rinzai_school" title="Rinzai school">Rinzai school</a> for their formulaic and intellectual koan practice (such as the practice of the <i>Shiryoken</i> or "Four Discernments")<sup id="cite_ref-Dumoulin_65_58-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Dumoulin_65-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> as well as for their disregard for the sutras: </p> <blockquote><p>Recently in the great Sung dynasty of China there are many who call themselves "Zen masters". They do not know the length and breadth of the Buddha-Dharma. They have heard and seen but little. They memorize two or three sayings of <a href="/wiki/Linji_Yixuan" title="Linji Yixuan">Lin Chi</a> and <a href="/wiki/Yun_Men" class="mw-redirect" title="Yun Men">Yun Men</a> and think this is the whole way of the Buddha-Dharma. If the Dharma of the Buddha could be condensed in two or three sayings of Lin Chi and Yun Men, it would not have been transmitted to the present day. One can hardly say that Lin Chi and Yun Men are the Venerable ones of the Buddha-Dharma.<sup id="cite_ref-Dumoulin_65_58-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Dumoulin_65-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <p>Dōgen was also very critical of the Japanese Daruma school of <a href="/wiki/Dainichi_Nonin" class="mw-redirect" title="Dainichi Nonin">Dainichi Nōnin</a>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (September 2020)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Virtues">Virtues</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=D%C5%8Dgen&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Virtues"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Dogen's perspective of virtue is discussed in the <i>Shōbōgenzō</i> text as something to be practiced inwardly so that it will manifest itself on the outside. In other words, virtue is something that is both internal and external in the sense that one can practice internal good dispositions and also the expression of these good dispositions.<sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Writings">Writings</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=D%C5%8Dgen&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Writings"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Fukan-Zazengi-Instructions-for-Zazen-1233.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Fukan-Zazengi-Instructions-for-Zazen-1233.png/220px-Fukan-Zazengi-Instructions-for-Zazen-1233.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="108" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Fukan-Zazengi-Instructions-for-Zazen-1233.png/330px-Fukan-Zazengi-Instructions-for-Zazen-1233.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Fukan-Zazengi-Instructions-for-Zazen-1233.png/440px-Fukan-Zazengi-Instructions-for-Zazen-1233.png 2x" data-file-width="1766" data-file-height="863" /></a><figcaption>Universally Recommended Instructions for Zazen (<span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">普勧坐禅儀</span></span>, <i>fukan zazengi</i>)</figcaption></figure> <p>While it was customary for Buddhist works to be written in Chinese, Dōgen often wrote in Japanese, conveying the essence of his thought in a style that was at once concise, compelling, and inspiring. A master stylist, Dōgen is noted not only for his prose, but also for his poetry (in Japanese <i><a href="/wiki/Waka_(poetry)" title="Waka (poetry)">waka</a></i> style and various Chinese styles). Dōgen's use of language is unconventional by any measure. According to Dōgen scholar <a href="/wiki/Steven_Heine" title="Steven Heine">Steven Heine</a>: "Dogen's poetic and philosophical works are characterized by a continual effort to express the inexpressible by perfecting imperfectable speech through the creative use of wordplay, neologism, and lyricism, as well as the recasting of traditional expressions".<sup id="cite_ref-60" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Shōbōgenzō"><span id="Sh.C5.8Db.C5.8Dgenz.C5.8D"></span>Shōbōgenzō</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=D%C5%8Dgen&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Shōbōgenzō"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Dōgen's masterpiece is the <i><a href="/wiki/Sh%C5%8Db%C5%8Dgenz%C5%8D" title="Shōbōgenzō">Shōbōgenzō</a></i> (<span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">正法眼蔵</span></span>, "Treasury of the True Dharma Eye"), talks and writings collected together in ninety-five <a href="/wiki/Fascicle_(book)" class="mw-redirect" title="Fascicle (book)">fascicles</a>. The topics range from <a href="/wiki/Zazen" title="Zazen">zazen</a>, <a href="/wiki/Koan" title="Koan">koans</a>, <a href="/wiki/Buddhist_philosophy" title="Buddhist philosophy">Buddhist philosophy</a>, monastic practice, the equality of women and men, to the philosophy of language, being, and time. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Shushō-gi"><span id="Shush.C5.8D-gi"></span>Shushō-gi</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=D%C5%8Dgen&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Shushō-gi"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <i><a href="/wiki/Sh%C5%8Db%C5%8Dgenz%C5%8D" title="Shōbōgenzō">Shōbōgenzō</a></i> served as the basis for the short work entitled <i>Shushō-gi</i> (<span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">修證儀</span></span>), which was compiled in 1890 by a layman named Ouchi Seiran (1845–1918) along with Takiya Takushū (<span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">滝谷卓洲</span></span>) of Eihei-ji and Azegami Baisen (<span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">畔上楳仙</span></span>) of Sōji-ji. The compilation serves as an introductory compilation of key extracts from the <i><a href="/wiki/Sh%C5%8Db%C5%8Dgenz%C5%8D" title="Shōbōgenzō">Shōbōgenzō</a></i> which help explain the foundational teachings and concepts of Dōgen Zen to a lay audience.<sup id="cite_ref-61" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Shinji_Shōbōgenzō"><span id="Shinji_Sh.C5.8Db.C5.8Dgenz.C5.8D"></span>Shinji Shōbōgenzō</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=D%C5%8Dgen&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Shinji Shōbōgenzō"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Dōgen also compiled a collection of 301 koans in Chinese without commentaries added. Often called the <i><a href="/wiki/Shinji_Sh%C5%8Db%C5%8Dgenz%C5%8D" title="Shinji Shōbōgenzō">Shinji Shōbōgenzō</a></i> (<i>shinji</i>: "original or true characters" and <i>shōbōgenzō</i>, variously translated as "the right-dharma-eye treasury" or "Treasury of the Eye of the True Dharma"). The collection is also known as the <i>Shōbōgenzō Sanbyakusoku</i> (The Three Hundred Verse Shōbōgenzō") and the <i>Mana Shōbōgenzō</i>, where <i>mana</i> is an alternative reading of <i>shinji</i>. The exact date the book was written is in dispute but Nishijima believes that Dogen may well have begun compiling the koan collection before his trip to China.<sup id="cite_ref-62" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Although these stories are commonly referred to as <i>kōans</i>, Dōgen referred to them as <i>kosoku</i> (ancestral criteria) or <i>innen</i> (circumstances and causes or results, of a story). The word <i>kōan</i> for Dogen meant "absolute reality" or the "universal Dharma".<sup id="cite_ref-63" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Collections_of_dharma_discourses">Collections of dharma discourses</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=D%C5%8Dgen&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Collections of dharma discourses"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Lectures that Dōgen gave to his monks at his monastery, <a href="/wiki/Eihei-ji" title="Eihei-ji">Eihei-ji</a>, were compiled under the title <i><a href="/wiki/Eihei_K%C5%8Droku" title="Eihei Kōroku">Eihei Kōroku</a></i>, also known as <i>Dōgen Oshō Kōroku</i> (The Extensive Record of Teacher Dōgen's Sayings) in ten volumes. The sermons, lectures, sayings and poetry were compiled shortly after Dōgen's death by his main disciples, <a href="/wiki/Koun_Ej%C5%8D" title="Koun Ejō">Koun Ejō</a> (<span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">孤雲懐奘</span></span>, 1198–1280), <a href="/wiki/Y%C5%8Dk%C5%8D_Senne" title="Yōkō Senne">Senne</a>, and Gien. There are three different editions of this text: the Rinnō-ji text from 1598, a popular version printed in 1672, and a version discovered at Eihei-ji in 1937, which, although undated, is believed to be the oldest extant version.<sup id="cite_ref-64" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Another collection of his talks is the <i><a href="/wiki/Sh%C5%8Db%C5%8Dgenz%C5%8D_Zuimonki" title="Shōbōgenzō Zuimonki">Shōbōgenzō Zuimonki</a></i> (Gleanings from Master Dōgen's Sayings) in six volumes. These are talks that Dōgen gave to his leading disciple, Ejō, who became Dōgen's disciple in 1234. The talks were recorded and edited by Ejō. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Other_writings">Other writings</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=D%C5%8Dgen&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Other writings"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Other notable writings of Dōgen are:<sup id="cite_ref-65" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Fukan_zazengi" title="Fukan zazengi">Fukanzazengi</a></i> (<span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">普勧坐禅儀</span></span>, General Advice on the Principles of Zazen), one volume; probably written immediately after Dōgen's return from China in 1227.</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Bend%C5%8Dwa" title="Bendōwa">Bendōwa</a></i> (<span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">弁道話</span></span>, "On the Endeavor of the Way"), written in 1231. This represents one of Dōgen's earliest writings and asserts the superiority of the practice of shikantaza through a series of questions and answers.</li> <li><i>Eihei shoso gakudō-yōjinshū</i> (Advice on Studying the Way), one volume; probably written in 1234.</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Tenzo_ky%C5%8Dkun" class="mw-redirect" title="Tenzo kyōkun">Tenzo kyōkun</a></i> (Instructions to the Chief Cook), one volume; written in 1237.</li> <li><i>Bendōhō</i> (Rules for the Practice of the Way), one volume; written between 1244 and 1246.</li> <li>The earliest work by Dōgen is the <i>Hōkojōki</i> (Memoirs of the Hōkyō Period). This one volume work is a collection of questions and answers between Dōgen and his Chinese teacher, Tiāntóng <a href="/wiki/R%C3%BAj%C3%ACng" class="mw-redirect" title="Rújìng">Rújìng</a> (<span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">天童如淨</span></span>; Japanese: Tendō Nyojō, 1162–1228). The work was discovered among Dōgen's papers by Ejō in 1253, just three months after Dōgen's death.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (September 2020)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Lineage">Lineage</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=D%C5%8Dgen&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: Lineage"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-More_citations_needed_section plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Refimprove" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>needs additional citations for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/D%C5%8Dgen" title="Special:EditPage/Dōgen">improve this article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a> in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">September 2020</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Though Dogen emphasised the importance of the correct transmission of the Buddha dharma, as guaranteed by the line of transmission from Shakyamuni, his own transmission became problematic in the <a href="/wiki/Sandai_s%C5%8Dron" title="Sandai sōron">third generation</a>. In 1267 Ejō retired as Abbot of Eihei-ji, giving way to Gikai, who was already favored by Dōgen. Gikai introduced esoteric elements into the practice. Opposition arose, and in 1272 Ejō resumed the position of abbot. Following Ejō's death in 1280, Gikai became abbot again, strengthened by the support of the military for magical practices.<sup id="cite_ref-66" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Opposition arose again, and Gikai was forced to leave Eihei-ji. He was succeeded by Gien, who was first trained in the Daruma-school of <a href="/wiki/N%C5%8Dnin" title="Nōnin">Nōnin</a>. His supporters designated him as the third abbot, rejecting the legitimacy of Gien. </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Koun_Ej%C5%8D" title="Koun Ejō">Koun Ejō</a>, commentator on the <i>Shōbōgenzō</i>, and former <a href="/wiki/Darumash%C5%AB" class="mw-redirect" title="Darumashū">Darumashū</a> elder <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Giin" class="mw-redirect" title="Giin">Giin</a>, through Ejō</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gikai" class="mw-redirect" title="Gikai">Gikai</a>, through Ejō <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Keizan" title="Keizan">Keizan</a></li></ul></li> <li>Gien, through Ejō</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Y%C5%8Dk%C5%8D_Senne" title="Yōkō Senne">Senne</a>, another commentator of the <i>Shōbōgenzō</i>.</li></ul> <p><a href="/wiki/Jakuen" title="Jakuen">Jakuen</a>, a student of Rujing, who traced his lineage "directly back the Zen of the Song period",<sup id="cite_ref-67" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> established <a href="/wiki/H%C5%8Dky%C5%8D-ji" title="Hōkyō-ji">Hōkyō-ji</a>, where a strict style of Zen was practised. Students of his played a role in the conflict between Giin and Gikai. </p><p>A notable successor of Dogen was <a href="/wiki/Keizan" title="Keizan">Keizan</a> (<span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">瑩山</span></span>; 1268–1325), founder of <a href="/wiki/S%C5%8Dji-ji" title="Sōji-ji">Sōji-ji Temple</a> and author of the <i>Record of the Transmission of Light</i> (<span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">傳光錄</span></span> <i><a href="/wiki/Denkoroku" title="Denkoroku">Denkōroku</a></i>), which traces the succession of Zen masters from <a href="/wiki/Gautama_Buddha" class="mw-redirect" title="Gautama Buddha">Siddhārtha Gautama</a> up to Keizan's own day. Together, Dōgen and Keizan are regarded as the founders of the Sōtō school in Japan. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Miraculous_events_and_auspicious_signs">Miraculous events and auspicious signs</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=D%C5%8Dgen&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: Miraculous events and auspicious signs"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Several "miraculous experiences"<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBodiford200832_68-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBodiford200832-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and "auspicious signs"<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFaure200092_69-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFaure200092-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> have been recorded in Dōgen's life,<sup id="cite_ref-70" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-71" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>note 1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> some of them quite famous.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKato1994_72-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKato1994-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWilliams2005_73-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWilliams2005-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to Bodiford, "Monks and laymen recorded these events as testaments to his great mystical power," which "helped confirm the legacy of Dōgen's teachings against competing claims made by members of the Buddhist establishment and other outcast groups." Bodiford further notes that the "magical events at Eiheiji helped identify the temple as a cultic center," putting it at a par with other temples where supernatural events occurred.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBodiford200832_68-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBodiford200832-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to Faure, for Dōgen these auspicious signs were proof that "Eiheiji was the only place in Japan where the Buddhist Dharma was transmitted correctly and that this monastery was thus rivaled by no other."<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFaure200093_74-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFaure200093-74"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In Menzan Zuihō's well-known 1753 edition of Dōgen's biography, it records that while traveling in China with his companion Dōshō, Dōgen became very ill, and a deity appeared before him who gave him medicine which instantly healed him:<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWilliams2005_73-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWilliams2005-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>Dōgen fell gravely ill on his way back from China but had no medicines that could be of use. Suddenly, an immortal appeared and gave Dōgen a herbal pill, after which he immediately became better. The master asked this deity to reveal its identity. The mysterious figure replied, “I am the Japanese kami Inari” and disappeared. The medicine became known as Gedokugan, which has been ever since been part of the Dōshō family heritage [...] Dōgen then told Dōshō that this rare and wondrous medicine had been bestowed on him by a true kami for the protection of the great Dharma, [and that] this medicine of many benefits should be distributed to temples so that they might spread the Dharma heritage.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWilliams2005_73-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWilliams2005-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <p>This medicine, which later became known as Gedokuen or "Poison-Dispelling Pill" was then produced by the Sōtō church until the Meiji Era, and was commonly sold nationwide as an herbal medicine,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWilliams1998_75-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWilliams1998-75"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>74<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and became a source of income for the Sōtō church.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWilliams2005_73-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWilliams2005-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWilliams1998_75-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWilliams1998-75"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>74<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Statue_of_Dogen%27s_Sea_Vision_of_Avalokiteshvara_while_Returning_from_China,_at_a_pond_at_Eihei-ji_Temple.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Statue_of_Dogen%27s_Sea_Vision_of_Avalokiteshvara_while_Returning_from_China%2C_at_a_pond_at_Eihei-ji_Temple.png/220px-Statue_of_Dogen%27s_Sea_Vision_of_Avalokiteshvara_while_Returning_from_China%2C_at_a_pond_at_Eihei-ji_Temple.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="250" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Statue_of_Dogen%27s_Sea_Vision_of_Avalokiteshvara_while_Returning_from_China%2C_at_a_pond_at_Eihei-ji_Temple.png/330px-Statue_of_Dogen%27s_Sea_Vision_of_Avalokiteshvara_while_Returning_from_China%2C_at_a_pond_at_Eihei-ji_Temple.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/cf/Statue_of_Dogen%27s_Sea_Vision_of_Avalokiteshvara_while_Returning_from_China%2C_at_a_pond_at_Eihei-ji_Temple.png 2x" data-file-width="358" data-file-height="407" /></a><figcaption>The statue memorializing Dōgen's vision of Avalokiteshvara at a pond in Eihei-ji, Japan.</figcaption></figure> <p>Another famous incident happened when he was returning to Japan from China. The ship he was on was caught in a storm. In this instance, the storm became so severe, that the crew feared the ship would sink and kill them all. Dōgen then began leading the crew in recitation of chants to Kannon (Avalokiteshwara), during which, the Bodhisattva appeared before him, and several of the crew saw her as well.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMacPhillamyRobersonBensonNearman1997_76-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMacPhillamyRobersonBensonNearman1997-76"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>75<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After the vision appeared, the storm began to calm down, and consensus of those aboard was that they had been saved due to the intervention of Bodhisattva Avalokiteshwara.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMacPhillamyRobersonBensonNearman1997_76-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMacPhillamyRobersonBensonNearman1997-76"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>75<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This story is repeated in official works sponsored by the Sōtō Shū Head Office<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKato1994_72-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKato1994-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMacPhillamyRobersonBensonNearman1997_76-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMacPhillamyRobersonBensonNearman1997-76"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>75<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and there is even a sculpture of the event in a water treatment pond in Eihei-ji Temple.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMacPhillamyRobersonBensonNearman1997_76-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMacPhillamyRobersonBensonNearman1997-76"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>75<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEihei-ji_Temple_Staff1994_77-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEihei-ji_Temple_Staff1994-77"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>76<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Additionally, there is a 14th-century copy of a painting of the same Kannon, that was supposedly commissioned by Dōgen, that includes a piece of calligraphy that is possibly an original in Dōgen's own hand, recording his gratitude to Avalokiteshwara: </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>From the single blossom five leaves uncurled: Upon one single leaf a Tathagata stood alone. Her vow to harmonize our lives is ocean deep, As we spin on and on, shouldering our deeds of right and wrong. –written by the mendicant monk Dōgen, September 26, 1242.<sup id="cite_ref-78" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-78"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>77<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMacPhillamyRobersonBensonNearman1997_76-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMacPhillamyRobersonBensonNearman1997-76"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>75<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <p>Another miraculous event occurred, while Dōgen was at Eihei-ji. During a ceremony of gratitude for the 16 Celestial Arahants (called Rakan in Japanese), a vision of 16 Arahants appeared before Dōgen descending upon a multi-colored cloud,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMacPhillamyRobersonBensonNearman1997_76-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMacPhillamyRobersonBensonNearman1997-76"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>75<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and the statues of the Arahants that were present at the event began to emanate rays of light,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBodiford2008_79-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBodiford2008-79"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>78<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> to which Dōgen then exclaimed: </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>The Rakans caused to appear felicitous flowers, exceedingly wonderful and beautiful<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDeVisser1923_80-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDeVisser1923-80"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>79<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <p>Dōgen was profoundly moved by the entire experience, and took it as an auspicious sign that the offerings of the ceremony had been accepted.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFaure2000_81-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFaure2000-81"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>80<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In his writings he wrote: </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>As for other examples of the appearance of auspicious signs, apart from [the case of] the rock bridge of Mount Tiantai, [in the province&#93: of Taizhou, in the great kingdom of the Song, nowhere else to my knowledge has there been one to compare with this one. But on this mountain [Kichijōsan, the location of Eiheiji] many apparitions have already happened. This is truly a very auspicious sign showing that, in their deep compassion, [the Arahats] are protecting the men and the Dharma of this mountain. This is why it appeared to me.” <sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFaure200092_69-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFaure200092-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDōshū1969–70_82-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDōshū1969–70-82"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>81<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <p>Dōgen is also recorded to have had multiple encounters with non-human beings.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWilliams2005_73-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWilliams2005-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFaure2000_81-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFaure2000-81"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>80<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Aside from his encounter with the kami Inari in China, in the Denkōrou it is recorded that while at Kōshō-ji, he was also visited by a deva who came to observe during certain ceremonies, as well as a dragon who visited him at Eihei-Ji and requested to be given the eight abstinence Precepts:<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (January 2023)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>When he was at Kōshō-ji a deva used to come to hear the Precepts and join in as an observer at the twice-monthly renewal of Bodhisattva vows. At Eihei-ji a divine dragon showed up requesting the eight Precepts of abstinence and asking to be included among the daily transfers of merit. Because of this Dōgen wrote out the eight Precepts every day and offered the merit thereof to the dragon. Up to this very day this practice has not been neglected.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (January 2023)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup></p></blockquote> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=D%C5%8Dgen&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Zen_(2009_film)" title="Zen (2009 film)">Zen</a></i> - 2009 Japanese biopic about the life of Dōgen</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=D%C5%8Dgen&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-71"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-71">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">See also <a href="#CITEREFMacPhillamyRobersonBensonNearman1997">MacPhillamy et al. (1997)</a>,<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability"><span title="The material near this tag needs to be fact-checked with the cited source(s). (December 2018)">verification needed</span></a></i>]</sup> <a href="#CITEREFKato1994">Kato (1994)</a>,<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability"><span title="The material near this tag needs to be fact-checked with the cited source(s). (December 2018)">verification needed</span></a></i>]</sup> <a href="#CITEREFDeVisser1923">DeVisser (1923)</a>,<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability"><span title="The material near this tag needs to be fact-checked with the cited source(s). (December 2018)">verification needed</span></a></i>]</sup> <a href="#CITEREFEihei-ji_Temple_Staff1994">Eihei-ji Temple Staff (1994)</a>,<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability"><span title="The material near this tag needs to be fact-checked with the cited source(s). (December 2018)">verification needed</span></a></i>]</sup> <a href="#CITEREFDōshū1969–70">Dōshū (1969–70)</a>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability"><span title="The material near this tag needs to be fact-checked with the cited source(s). (December 2018)">verification needed</span></a></i>]</sup></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=D%C5%8Dgen&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 21em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/167921">Dōgen</a> at the <i><a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica" title="Encyclopædia Britannica">Encyclopædia Britannica</a></i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFBodiford2006" class="citation journal cs1">Bodiford, William M. (2006). <span class="id-lock-subscription" title="Paid subscription required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.jstor.org/stable/25064606">"Remembering Dōgen: Eiheiji and Dōgen Hagiography"</a></span>. <i>The Journal of Japanese Studies</i>. <b>32</b> (1): <span class="nowrap">1–</span>21. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1353%2Fjjs.2006.0003">10.1353/jjs.2006.0003</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/25064606">25064606</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:144431743">144431743</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220126183455/https://www.jstor.org/stable/25064606">Archived</a> from the original on 26 January 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 January</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Journal+of+Japanese+Studies&rft.atitle=Remembering+D%C5%8Dgen%3A+Eiheiji+and+D%C5%8Dgen+Hagiography&rft.volume=32&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E1-%3C%2Fspan%3E21&rft.date=2006&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A144431743%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F25064606%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1353%2Fjjs.2006.0003&rft.aulast=Bodiford&rft.aufirst=William+M.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F25064606&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AD%C5%8Dgen" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:7-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:7_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:7_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:7_3-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:7_3-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:7_3-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKodera2013" class="citation book cs1">Kodera, Takashi James (16 October 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=TZFTAQAAQBAJ"><i>Dogen's Formative Years: An Historical and Annotated Translation of the Hokyo-ki</i></a>. Routledge. pp. <span class="nowrap">21–</span>24. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-134-54315-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-134-54315-1"><bdi>978-1-134-54315-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Dogen%27s+Formative+Years%3A+An+Historical+and+Annotated+Translation+of+the+Hokyo-ki&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E21-%3C%2Fspan%3E24&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2013-10-16&rft.isbn=978-1-134-54315-1&rft.aulast=Kodera&rft.aufirst=Takashi+James&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DTZFTAQAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AD%C5%8Dgen" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Bodiford_22_36-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Bodiford_22_36_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Bodiford_22_36_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Bodiford_22_36_4-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Bodiford_22_36_4-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Bodiford_22_36_4-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBodiford2008">Bodiford (2008)</a>, pp. 22–36</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFKim2004">Kim (2004)</a>, p. 19</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBodiford2008">Bodiford (2008)</a>, p. 22</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFŌkubo1966">Ōkubo (1966)</a>, p. 80</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFAbe1992">Abe (1992)</a>, pp. 19–20</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFTanahashi1997">Tanahashi (1997)</a>, p. 4</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFTanahashi1997">Tanahashi (1997)</a>, p. 5</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFKim2004">Kim (2004)</a>, p. 125</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFTanahashi1997">Tanahashi (1997)</a>, p. 6</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFTanahashi2011">Tanahashi (2011)</a>, p. 144</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.stanford.edu/~funn/zazen_instructions/Fukanzazengi.pdf">"Fukan zazengi"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>www.stanford.edu</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210131133342/https://web.stanford.edu/~funn/zazen_instructions/Fukanzazengi.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 31 January 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 October</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.stanford.edu&rft.atitle=Fukan+zazengi&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fweb.stanford.edu%2F~funn%2Fzazen_instructions%2FFukanzazengi.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AD%C5%8Dgen" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFKim2004">Kim (2004)</a>, p. 38-40</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFTanahashi1997">Tanahashi (1997)</a>, p. 39</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFTanahashi1997">Tanahashi (1997)</a>, p. 7</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFKim2004">Kim (2004)</a>, p. 40</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Dumoulin_2005b_62-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Dumoulin_2005b_62_19-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Dumoulin_2005b_62_19-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Dumoulin_2005b_62_19-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDumoulin2005">Dumoulin (2005)</a>, p. 62</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMcRae2003">McRae (2003)</a>, p. 123</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFKim2004">Kim (2004)</a>, p. 47</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://global.sotozen-net.or.jp/eng/temples/jp/sojiji.html">"Touring Venerable Temples of Soto Zen Buddhism in Japan Plan"</a>. SotoZen-Net. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200922183207/https://global.sotozen-net.or.jp/eng/temples/jp/sojiji.html">Archived</a> from the original on 22 September 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 July</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Touring+Venerable+Temples+of+Soto+Zen+Buddhism+in+Japan+Plan&rft.pub=SotoZen-Net&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fglobal.sotozen-net.or.jp%2Feng%2Ftemples%2Fjp%2Fsojiji.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AD%C5%8Dgen" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Quoted in <a href="#CITEREFTanahashi1997">Tanahashi (1997)</a>, p. 219</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.stanford.edu/group/scbs/sztp3/translations/shobogenzo/translations/zazengi/pdf/Zazengi%20translation.pdf">Principles of Zazen</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151216154448/http://stanford.edu/group/scbs/sztp3/translations/shobogenzo/translations/zazengi/pdf/Zazengi%20translation.pdf">Archived</a> 16 December 2015 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>; tr. Bielefeldt, Carl.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDumoulin2005">Dumoulin (2005)</a>, Section 2, "Dogen" pp. 51-119</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFKohn1991">Kohn (1991)</a>, pp. 196–197</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.zenheartsangha.org/sutras/Fukanzazengi.pdf">"Fukanzazengi: Universally Recommended Instructions for Zazen"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Zen Heart Sangha. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161006151329/http://www.zenheartsangha.org/sutras/Fukanzazengi.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 6 October 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 February</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Fukanzazengi%3A+Universally+Recommended+Instructions+for+Zazen&rft.pub=Zen+Heart+Sangha&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.zenheartsangha.org%2Fsutras%2FFukanzazengi.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AD%C5%8Dgen" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Thomas Cleary, <i>Rational Zen</i>, p.69, note 3</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Kasulis_70-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Kasulis_70_29-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Kasulis_70_29-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFKasulis2021">Kasulis (2021)</a>, pp. 70–71</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:72-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:72_30-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:72_30-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFKasulis2021">Kasulis (2021)</a>, p. 72</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:8-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:8_31-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:8_31-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Hee-Jin Kim. <i>Eihei Dogen: Mystical Realist,</i> pp. 62-63. Simon and Schuster, Jun 25, 2012</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFKasulis2021">Kasulis (2021)</a>, pp. 73–75</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:5-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:5_33-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:5_33-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:5_33-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFoulk2012" class="citation web cs1">Foulk, T. Griffith (2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://academic.oup.com/book/8467/chapter-abstract/154274555?redirectedFrom=fulltext">"<span class="cs1-kern-left"></span>"Just Sitting"? Dōgen's Take on Zazen, Sutra Reading, and Other Conventional Buddhist Practices"</a>. <i>academic.oup.com</i>. pp. <span class="nowrap">75–</span>106. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1093%2Facprof%3Aoso%2F9780199754465.003.0003">10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199754465.003.0003</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-975446-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-975446-5"><bdi>978-0-19-975446-5</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">31 October</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=academic.oup.com&rft.atitle=%22Just+Sitting%22%3F+D%C5%8Dgen%27s+Take+on+Zazen%2C+Sutra+Reading%2C+and+Other+Conventional+Buddhist+Practices&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E75-%3C%2Fspan%3E106&rft.date=2012&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1093%2Facprof%3Aoso%2F9780199754465.003.0003&rft.isbn=978-0-19-975446-5&rft.aulast=Foulk&rft.aufirst=T.+Griffith&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Facademic.oup.com%2Fbook%2F8467%2Fchapter-abstract%2F154274555%3FredirectedFrom%3Dfulltext&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AD%C5%8Dgen" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:6-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:6_34-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:6_34-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:6_34-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Foulk, T. Griffith. 1999. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thezensite.com/ZenEssays/DogenStudies/History_Soto_Zen_School.html">"History of the Soto Zen School."</a> from <i>Dogen Zen and Its Relevance for Our Time: An International Symposium Held in Celebration of the 800th Anniversary of the Birth of Dōgen-zenji : Kresge Auditorium, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA.</i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFLeightonOkumura1996">Leighton & Okumura (1996)</a><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources"><span title="This citation requires a reference to the specific page or range of pages in which the material appears (January 2025)">pages needed</span></a></i>]</sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-collcutt-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-collcutt_36-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-collcutt_36-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCollcutt1996" class="citation book cs1">Collcutt, Martin (1996). <i>Five Mountains: The Rinzai Zen Monastic Institution in Medieval Japan</i>. Harvard University Asia Center. pp. <span class="nowrap">49–</span>50. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0674304987" title="Special:BookSources/978-0674304987"><bdi>978-0674304987</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Five+Mountains%3A+The+Rinzai+Zen+Monastic+Institution+in+Medieval+Japan&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E49-%3C%2Fspan%3E50&rft.pub=Harvard+University+Asia+Center&rft.date=1996&rft.isbn=978-0674304987&rft.aulast=Collcutt&rft.aufirst=Martin&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AD%C5%8Dgen" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:2-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:2_37-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:2_37-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:2_37-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Carl Bielefeldt. <i>Dogen's Manuals of Zen Meditation</i>, p. 137, University of California Press, 1990.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Eitan Bolokan. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.academia.edu/17274252/Review_of_Treasury_of_the_True_Dharma_Eye_Zen_Master_D%C5%8Dgen_s_Sh%C5%8Db%C5%8D_Genz%C5%8D_Ed_Kazuaki_Tanahashi_Philosophy_East_and_West_vol_65_4_pp_1286_88">Review of "Treasury of the True Dharma Eye: Zen Master Dōgen’s Shōbō Genzō" Ed. Kazuaki Tanahashi.</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221215195016/https://www.academia.edu/17274252/Review_of_Treasury_of_the_True_Dharma_Eye_Zen_Master_D%C5%8Dgen_s_Sh%C5%8Db%C5%8D_Genz%C5%8D_Ed_Kazuaki_Tanahashi_Philosophy_East_and_West_vol_65_4_pp_1286_88">Archived</a> 15 December 2022 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> "Philosophy East and West", vol. 65 (4), pp: 1286-88.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Masao Abe (1991). <i>A Study of Dogen: His Philosophy and Religion</i>, p. 17. State University of New York Press.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Carl Bielefeldt. <i>Dogen's Manuals of Zen Meditation</i>, p. 183, University of California Press, 1990.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:1-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:1_41-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_41-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_41-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_41-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_41-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKodera1977" class="citation journal cs1">Kodera, Takashi James (December 1977). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220214102005/https://terebess.hu/zen/dogen/Kodera-Dogen.pdf">"The Buddha-nature in Dogen's Shobogenzo"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Japanese Journal of Religious Studies</i>. <b>4</b> (4). <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.18874%2Fjjrs.4.4.1977.267-292">10.18874/jjrs.4.4.1977.267-292</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://terebess.hu/zen/dogen/Kodera-Dogen.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 14 February 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Japanese+Journal+of+Religious+Studies&rft.atitle=The+Buddha-nature+in+Dogen%27s+Shobogenzo&rft.volume=4&rft.issue=4&rft.date=1977-12&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.18874%2Fjjrs.4.4.1977.267-292&rft.aulast=Kodera&rft.aufirst=Takashi+James&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fterebess.hu%2Fzen%2Fdogen%2FKodera-Dogen.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AD%C5%8Dgen" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDumoulin2005">Dumoulin (2005)</a>, pp. 82, 85</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDumoulin2005">Dumoulin (2005)</a>, p. 85</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-leighton-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-leighton_44-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFLeightonOkumura1996">Leighton & Okumura (1996)</a>, p. 209. SUNY</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:3-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:3_45-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:3_45-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:3_45-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Bielefeldt, Carl (1990). <i>Dogen's Manuals of Zen Meditation</i>, p. 5. University of California Press.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-46">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Yamada Ko'un, "Dogen Zenji and Enlightenment." in Maezumi, Taizan; Glassman, Bernie (2012). <i>On Zen Practice: Body, Breath, and Mind.</i> Simon and Schuster.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-47">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Kosho Uchiyama Roshi; Shohaku Okumura, (1997) <i>The Wholehearted Way,</i> Tuttle Publishing, p. 82.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:4-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:4_48-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:4_48-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">O'Brien, Barbara (2019). <i>The Circle of the Way: A Concise History of Zen from the Buddha to the Modern World</i>, p. 204. Shambhala Publications.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-49">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"Uji: The Time-Being by Eihei Dogen" Translated by Dan Welch and Kazuaki Tanahashi from: <i>The Moon in a Dewdrop; writings of Zen Master Dogen</i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-50">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDumoulin2005">Dumoulin (2005)</a>, p. 89</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-51">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHeine1985">Heine (1985)</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-52">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFStambaugh1990">Stambaugh (1990)</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-53">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Raud, Rein. "The Existential Moment: Re-reading Dōgen's theory of time". <i>Philosophy East and West</i>, vol.62 No.2, April 2012</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-54"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-54">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Cf. <a href="#CITEREFKim2004">Kim (2004)</a> and more systematically based on a theory of symbols <a href="#CITEREFMüller2013">Müller (2013)</a>; reviewed by <a href="#CITEREFDöll2015">Döll (2015)</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-55"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_55-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_55-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDöll2015">Döll (2015)</a>, p. 637</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-56"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-56">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMüller2013">Müller (2013)</a>, p. 25 cited after <a href="#CITEREFDöll2015">Döll (2015)</a>, p. 637</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-57"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-57">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDöll2015">Döll (2015)</a>, p. 637, cf. <a href="#CITEREFMüller2013">Müller (2013)</a>, p. 231.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Dumoulin_65-58"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Dumoulin_65_58-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Dumoulin_65_58-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDumoulin2005">Dumoulin (2005)</a>, p. 65</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-59"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-59">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMikkelson2006" class="citation journal cs1">Mikkelson, Douglas (2006). "Toward a Description of Dogen's Moral Virtues". <i>Journal of Religious Ethics</i>. <b>34</b> (2): <span class="nowrap">225–</span>251. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1111%2Fj.1467-9795.2006.00267.x">10.1111/j.1467-9795.2006.00267.x</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Religious+Ethics&rft.atitle=Toward+a+Description+of+Dogen%27s+Moral+Virtues&rft.volume=34&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E225-%3C%2Fspan%3E251&rft.date=2006&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1111%2Fj.1467-9795.2006.00267.x&rft.aulast=Mikkelson&rft.aufirst=Douglas&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AD%C5%8Dgen" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-60"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-60">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHeine1997">Heine (1997)</a>, p. 67</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-61"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-61">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-script"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://terebess.hu/zen/dogen/shushogi.html">"Shushō-gi" <bdi lang="ja">修證義 (修証義)</bdi></a>. <i>terebess.hu</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210907114226/https://terebess.hu/zen/dogen/shushogi.html">Archived</a> from the original on 7 September 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 December</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=terebess.hu&rft.atitle=Shush%C5%8D-gi+%E4%BF%AE%E8%AD%89%E7%BE%A9+%28%E4%BF%AE%E8%A8%BC%E7%BE%A9%29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fterebess.hu%2Fzen%2Fdogen%2Fshushogi.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AD%C5%8Dgen" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-62"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-62">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFNishijima2003">Nishijima (2003)</a>, p. i</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-63"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-63">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFYasutani1996">Yasutani (1996)</a>, p. 8</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-64"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-64">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFKim2004">Kim (2004)</a>, pp. 236–237</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-65"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-65">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">See <a href="#CITEREFKim2004">Kim (2004)</a>, Appendix B, pp. 243–247 for a more complete list of Dōgen's major writings.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-66"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-66">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDumoulin2005">Dumoulin (2005)</a>, p. 135</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-67"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-67">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDumoulin2005">Dumoulin (2005)</a>, p. 138</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBodiford200832-68"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBodiford200832_68-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBodiford200832_68-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBodiford2008">Bodiford 2008</a>, p. 32.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEFaure200092-69"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFaure200092_69-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFaure200092_69-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFFaure2000">Faure 2000</a>, p. 92.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-70"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-70">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBodiford2008">Bodiford (2008)</a>, p. 32, <a href="#CITEREFFaure2000">Faure (2000)</a>,<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources"><span title="This citation requires a reference to the specific page or range of pages in which the material appears (January 2025)">pages needed</span></a></i>]</sup> <a href="#CITEREFWilliams2005">Williams (2005)</a>,<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources"><span title="This citation requires a reference to the specific page or range of pages in which the material appears (January 2025)">pages needed</span></a></i>]</sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKato1994-72"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKato1994_72-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKato1994_72-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFKato1994">Kato 1994</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEWilliams2005-73"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWilliams2005_73-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWilliams2005_73-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWilliams2005_73-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWilliams2005_73-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWilliams2005_73-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFWilliams2005">Williams 2005</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEFaure200093-74"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFaure200093_74-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFFaure2000">Faure 2000</a>, p. 93.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEWilliams1998-75"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWilliams1998_75-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWilliams1998_75-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFWilliams1998">Williams 1998</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMacPhillamyRobersonBensonNearman1997-76"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMacPhillamyRobersonBensonNearman1997_76-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMacPhillamyRobersonBensonNearman1997_76-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMacPhillamyRobersonBensonNearman1997_76-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMacPhillamyRobersonBensonNearman1997_76-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMacPhillamyRobersonBensonNearman1997_76-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMacPhillamyRobersonBensonNearman1997_76-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMacPhillamyRobersonBensonNearman1997">MacPhillamy et al. 1997</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEEihei-ji_Temple_Staff1994-77"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEihei-ji_Temple_Staff1994_77-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFEihei-ji_Temple_Staff1994">Eihei-ji Temple Staff 1994</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-78"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-78">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFIshida1964">Ishida (1964)</a><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources"><span title="This citation requires a reference to the specific page or range of pages in which the material appears (January 2025)">pages needed</span></a></i>]</sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBodiford2008-79"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBodiford2008_79-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBodiford2008">Bodiford 2008</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDeVisser1923-80"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDeVisser1923_80-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDeVisser1923">DeVisser 1923</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEFaure2000-81"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFaure2000_81-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFaure2000_81-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFFaure2000">Faure 2000</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDōshū1969–70-82"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDōshū1969–70_82-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDōshū1969–70">Dōshū 1969–70</a>.</span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sources">Sources</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=D%C5%8Dgen&action=edit&section=29" title="Edit section: Sources"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin refbegin-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 32em"> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAbe1992" class="citation book cs1">Abe, Masao (1992). Heine, Steven (ed.). <i>A Study of Dōgen: His Philosophy and Religion</i>. Albany, NY: SUNY Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7914-0838-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7914-0838-4"><bdi>978-0-7914-0838-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Study+of+D%C5%8Dgen%3A+His+Philosophy+and+Religion&rft.place=Albany%2C+NY&rft.pub=SUNY+Press&rft.date=1992&rft.isbn=978-0-7914-0838-4&rft.aulast=Abe&rft.aufirst=Masao&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AD%C5%8Dgen" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBodiford2008" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/William_Bodiford" title="William Bodiford">Bodiford, William M.</a> (2008). <i>Soto Zen in Medieval Japan</i>. Studies in East Asian Buddhism. University of Hawaii Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8248-3303-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8248-3303-9"><bdi>978-0-8248-3303-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Soto+Zen+in+Medieval+Japan&rft.series=Studies+in+East+Asian+Buddhism&rft.pub=University+of+Hawaii+Press&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-0-8248-3303-9&rft.aulast=Bodiford&rft.aufirst=William+M.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AD%C5%8Dgen" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCleary1992" class="citation book cs1">Cleary, Thomas (1992). <i>Rational Zen: The Mind of Dogen Zenji</i>. Boston: Shambhala Publications. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-87773-973-0" title="Special:BookSources/0-87773-973-0"><bdi>0-87773-973-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Rational+Zen%3A+The+Mind+of+Dogen+Zenji&rft.place=Boston&rft.pub=Shambhala+Publications&rft.date=1992&rft.isbn=0-87773-973-0&rft.aulast=Cleary&rft.aufirst=Thomas&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AD%C5%8Dgen" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDeVisser1923" class="citation cs2">DeVisser, M. W. (1923), <i>The Arhats in China and Japan</i>, Berlin: Oesterheld</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Arhats+in+China+and+Japan&rft.place=Berlin&rft.pub=Oesterheld&rft.date=1923&rft.aulast=DeVisser&rft.aufirst=M.+W.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AD%C5%8Dgen" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDöll2015" class="citation journal cs1">Döll, Steffen (April 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151222160202/http://muse.jhu.edu/journals/philosophy_east_and_west/summary/v065/65.2.doll.html">"Dōgens Sprachdenken: Historische und symboltheoretische Perspektiven (Dōgen's language thinking: Systematic perspectives from history and the theory of symbols) by Ralf Müller (review)"</a>. <i>Philosophy East & West</i>. <b>65</b> (2): <span class="nowrap">636–</span>639. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1353%2Fpew.2015.0050">10.1353/pew.2015.0050</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://muse.jhu.edu/journals/philosophy_east_and_west/summary/v065/65.2.doll.html">the original</a> on 22 December 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Philosophy+East+%26+West&rft.atitle=D%C5%8Dgens+Sprachdenken%3A+Historische+und+symboltheoretische+Perspektiven+%28D%C5%8Dgen%27s+language+thinking%3A+Systematic+perspectives+from+history+and+the+theory+of+symbols%29+by+Ralf+M%C3%BCller+%28review%29&rft.volume=65&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E636-%3C%2Fspan%3E639&rft.date=2015-04&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1353%2Fpew.2015.0050&rft.aulast=D%C3%B6ll&rft.aufirst=Steffen&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fmuse.jhu.edu%2Fjournals%2Fphilosophy_east_and_west%2Fsummary%2Fv065%2F65.2.doll.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AD%C5%8Dgen" class="Z3988"></span>.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDumoulin2005" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-long-vol">Dumoulin, Heinrich (2005). <i>Zen Buddhism: A History</i>. Vol. 2: Japan. World Wisdom Books. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780941532907" title="Special:BookSources/9780941532907"><bdi>9780941532907</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Zen+Buddhism%3A+A+History&rft.pub=World+Wisdom+Books&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=9780941532907&rft.aulast=Dumoulin&rft.aufirst=Heinrich&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AD%C5%8Dgen" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDōshū1969–70" class="citation cs2 cs1-prop-year-range-abbreviated">Dōshū, Ōkubo (1969–70), <i>Dōgen Zenji Zenshū</i> (2 ed.), Tokyo: Chikuma Shobō</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=D%C5%8Dgen+Zenji+Zensh%C5%AB&rft.place=Tokyo&rft.edition=2&rft.pub=Chikuma+Shob%C5%8D&rft.date=1969%2F1970&rft.aulast=D%C5%8Dsh%C5%AB&rft.aufirst=%C5%8Ckubo&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AD%C5%8Dgen" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEihei-ji_Temple_Staff1994" class="citation cs2 cs1-prop-long-vol">Eihei-ji Temple Staff (1994), <i>Sanshō, the Magazine of Eihei-ji Temple</i>, vol. November, Fukui, Japan: Eihei-ji Temple Press</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Sansh%C5%8D%2C+the+Magazine+of+Eihei-ji+Temple&rft.place=Fukui%2C+Japan&rft.pub=Eihei-ji+Temple+Press&rft.date=1994&rft.au=Eihei-ji+Temple+Staff&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AD%C5%8Dgen" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFaure2000" class="citation cs2">Faure, Bernard (2000), <i>Visions of Power. Imaging Medieval Japanese Buddhism</i>, Princeton, New Jersey: Princeton University Press</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Visions+of+Power.+Imaging+Medieval+Japanese+Buddhism&rft.place=Princeton%2C+New+Jersey&rft.pub=Princeton+University+Press&rft.date=2000&rft.aulast=Faure&rft.aufirst=Bernard&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AD%C5%8Dgen" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDogen2002" class="citation book cs1">Dogen (2002). <i>The Heart of Dogen's Shobogenzo</i>. Translated by Waddell, Norman; Abe, Masao. Albany: SUNY Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7914-5242-5" title="Special:BookSources/0-7914-5242-5"><bdi>0-7914-5242-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Heart+of+Dogen%27s+Shobogenzo&rft.place=Albany&rft.pub=SUNY+Press&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=0-7914-5242-5&rft.au=Dogen&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AD%C5%8Dgen" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHeine1994" class="citation book cs1">Heine, Steven (1994). <i>Dogen and the Koan Tradition: a Tale of Two Shobogenzo Texts</i>. Albany, NY: SUNY Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7914-1773-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7914-1773-7"><bdi>978-0-7914-1773-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Dogen+and+the+Koan+Tradition%3A+a+Tale+of+Two+Shobogenzo+Texts&rft.place=Albany%2C+NY&rft.pub=SUNY+Press&rft.date=1994&rft.isbn=978-0-7914-1773-7&rft.aulast=Heine&rft.aufirst=Steven&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AD%C5%8Dgen" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHeine1997" class="citation book cs1">Heine, Steven (1997). <i>The Zen Poetry of Dogen: Verses from the Mountain of Eternal Peace</i>. Boston, MA: Tuttle Publishing. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8048-3107-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8048-3107-9"><bdi>978-0-8048-3107-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Zen+Poetry+of+Dogen%3A+Verses+from+the+Mountain+of+Eternal+Peace&rft.place=Boston%2C+MA&rft.pub=Tuttle+Publishing&rft.date=1997&rft.isbn=978-0-8048-3107-9&rft.aulast=Heine&rft.aufirst=Steven&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AD%C5%8Dgen" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHeine2006" class="citation book cs1">Heine, Steven (2006). <i>Did Dogen Go to China? What He Wrote and When He Wrote It</i>. New York, NY: Oxford University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-530592-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-530592-0"><bdi>978-0-19-530592-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Did+Dogen+Go+to+China%3F+What+He+Wrote+and+When+He+Wrote+It&rft.place=New+York%2C+NY&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=978-0-19-530592-0&rft.aulast=Heine&rft.aufirst=Steven&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AD%C5%8Dgen" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHeine1985" class="citation book cs1">Heine, Steven (1985). <i>Existential and Ontological Dimensions of Time in Heidegger and Dogen</i>. Albany: SUNY Press.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Existential+and+Ontological+Dimensions+of+Time+in+Heidegger+and+Dogen&rft.place=Albany&rft.pub=SUNY+Press&rft.date=1985&rft.aulast=Heine&rft.aufirst=Steven&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AD%C5%8Dgen" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFIshida1964" class="citation cs2">Ishida, M (1964), <i>Japanese Buddhist Prints</i>, translated by Nearman, Hubert, New York: Abrams</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Japanese+Buddhist+Prints&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Abrams&rft.date=1964&rft.aulast=Ishida&rft.aufirst=M&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AD%C5%8Dgen" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKasulis2021" class="citation book cs1">Kasulis, Thomas P. (2021). <i>Zen Action / Zen Person</i>. University of Hawaii Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780824845162" title="Special:BookSources/9780824845162"><bdi>9780824845162</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Zen+Action+%2F+Zen+Person&rft.pub=University+of+Hawaii+Press&rft.date=2021&rft.isbn=9780824845162&rft.aulast=Kasulis&rft.aufirst=Thomas+P.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AD%C5%8Dgen" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKato1994" class="citation cs2">Kato, K (1994), "The Life of Zen Master Dōgen (Illustrated)", <i>Zen Fountains</i>, Taishōji Sōtō Mission, Hilo, Hawaii, by permission of the Sōtōshū Shūmuchō, Tokyo</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=The+Life+of+Zen+Master+D%C5%8Dgen+%28Illustrated%29&rft.btitle=Zen+Fountains&rft.pub=Taish%C5%8Dji+S%C5%8Dt%C5%8D+Mission%2C+Hilo%2C+Hawaii%2C+by+permission+of+the+S%C5%8Dt%C5%8Dsh%C5%AB+Sh%C5%ABmuch%C5%8D%2C+Tokyo&rft.date=1994&rft.aulast=Kato&rft.aufirst=K&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AD%C5%8Dgen" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKim2004" class="citation book cs1">Kim, Hee-jin (2004) [1975, 1980, 1987]. <i>Eihei Dogen, Mystical Realist</i>. Wisdom Publications. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-86171-376-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-86171-376-9"><bdi>978-0-86171-376-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Eihei+Dogen%2C+Mystical+Realist&rft.pub=Wisdom+Publications&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=978-0-86171-376-9&rft.aulast=Kim&rft.aufirst=Hee-jin&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AD%C5%8Dgen" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKohn1991" class="citation book cs1">Kohn, Michael H. (1991). <i>The Shambhala Dictionary of Buddhism and Zen</i>. Boston, MA: Shambhala Publications. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-87773-520-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-87773-520-5"><bdi>978-0-87773-520-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Shambhala+Dictionary+of+Buddhism+and+Zen&rft.place=Boston%2C+MA&rft.pub=Shambhala+Publications&rft.date=1991&rft.isbn=978-0-87773-520-5&rft.aulast=Kohn&rft.aufirst=Michael+H.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AD%C5%8Dgen" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLaFleur1985" class="citation book cs1">LaFleur, William R., ed. (1985). <i>Dogen Studies</i>. The Kuroda Institute. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8248-1011-2" title="Special:BookSources/0-8248-1011-2"><bdi>0-8248-1011-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Dogen+Studies&rft.pub=The+Kuroda+Institute&rft.date=1985&rft.isbn=0-8248-1011-2&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AD%C5%8Dgen" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMacPhillamyRobersonBensonNearman1997" class="citation cs2">MacPhillamy, Daizui; Roberson, Zenshō; Benson, Kōten; Nearman, Hubert (1997), "YUME: Visionary Experience in the Lives of Great Masters Dōgen and Keizan", <i>The Journal of the Order of Buddhist Contemplatives</i>, <b>12</b> (2)</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Journal+of+the+Order+of+Buddhist+Contemplatives&rft.atitle=YUME%3A+Visionary+Experience+in+the+Lives+of+Great+Masters+D%C5%8Dgen+and+Keizan&rft.volume=12&rft.issue=2&rft.date=1997&rft.aulast=MacPhillamy&rft.aufirst=Daizui&rft.au=Roberson%2C+Zensh%C5%8D&rft.au=Benson%2C+K%C5%8Dten&rft.au=Nearman%2C+Hubert&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AD%C5%8Dgen" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLeighton2007" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Taigen_Dan_Leighton" title="Taigen Dan Leighton">Leighton, Taigen Dan</a> (2007). <i>Visions of Awakening Space and Time: Dogen and the Lotus Sutra</i>. New York: Oxford University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-538337-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-538337-9"><bdi>978-0-19-538337-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Visions+of+Awakening+Space+and+Time%3A+Dogen+and+the+Lotus+Sutra&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-0-19-538337-9&rft.aulast=Leighton&rft.aufirst=Taigen+Dan&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AD%C5%8Dgen" class="Z3988"></span>.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLeighton2011" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Taigen_Dan_Leighton" title="Taigen Dan Leighton">Leighton, Taigen Dan</a> (2011). <i>Zen Questions: Zazen, Dogen and the Spirit of Creative Inquiry</i>. Boston: Wisdom Publications. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-86171-645-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-86171-645-6"><bdi>978-0-86171-645-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Zen+Questions%3A+Zazen%2C+Dogen+and+the+Spirit+of+Creative+Inquiry&rft.place=Boston&rft.pub=Wisdom+Publications&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=978-0-86171-645-6&rft.aulast=Leighton&rft.aufirst=Taigen+Dan&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AD%C5%8Dgen" class="Z3988"></span>.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><i>Dogen's Extensive Record: A Translation of the Eihei Koroku</i>. Translated by <a href="/wiki/Taigen_Dan_Leighton" title="Taigen Dan Leighton">Leighton, Taigen Dan</a>; <a href="/wiki/Shohaku_Okumura" class="mw-redirect" title="Shohaku Okumura">Okumura, Shohaku</a>. Boston: Wisdom Publications. 2010. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-86171-670-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-86171-670-8"><bdi>978-0-86171-670-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Dogen%27s+Extensive+Record%3A+A+Translation+of+the+Eihei+Koroku&rft.place=Boston&rft.pub=Wisdom+Publications&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=978-0-86171-670-8&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AD%C5%8Dgen" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLeightonOkumura1996" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Taigen_Dan_Leighton" title="Taigen Dan Leighton">Leighton, Taigen Dan</a>; <a href="/wiki/Shohaku_Okumura" class="mw-redirect" title="Shohaku Okumura">Okumura, Shohaku</a> (1996). <i>Dogen's Pure Standards for the Zen Community: A Translation of Eihei Shingi</i>. Albany: State University of New York Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7914-2710-2" title="Special:BookSources/0-7914-2710-2"><bdi>0-7914-2710-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Dogen%27s+Pure+Standards+for+the+Zen+Community%3A+A+Translation+of+Eihei+Shingi&rft.place=Albany&rft.pub=State+University+of+New+York+Press&rft.date=1996&rft.isbn=0-7914-2710-2&rft.aulast=Leighton&rft.aufirst=Taigen+Dan&rft.au=Okumura%2C+Shohaku&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AD%C5%8Dgen" class="Z3988"></span>.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMasunaga1978" class="citation book cs1">Masunaga, Reiho (1978). <i>A Primer of Soto Zen</i>. University of Hawaii: East-West Center Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7100-8919-8" title="Special:BookSources/0-7100-8919-8"><bdi>0-7100-8919-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Primer+of+Soto+Zen&rft.pub=University+of+Hawaii%3A+East-West+Center+Press&rft.date=1978&rft.isbn=0-7100-8919-8&rft.aulast=Masunaga&rft.aufirst=Reiho&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AD%C5%8Dgen" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMcRae2003" class="citation book cs1">McRae, John (2003). <i>Seeing Through Zen. Encounter, Transformation, and Genealogy in Chinese Chan Buddhism</i>. The University Press Group Ltd. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780520237988" title="Special:BookSources/9780520237988"><bdi>9780520237988</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Seeing+Through+Zen.+Encounter%2C+Transformation%2C+and+Genealogy+in+Chinese+Chan+Buddhism&rft.pub=The+University+Press+Group+Ltd&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=9780520237988&rft.aulast=McRae&rft.aufirst=John&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AD%C5%8Dgen" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMüller2013" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Müller, Ralf (2013). <i>Dōgens Sprachdenken: Historische und symboltheoretische Perspektiven</i> [<i>Dōgen's Language Thinking: Systematic Perspectives from History and the Theory of Symbols]</i>]. Welten der Philosophie [Worlds of Philosophy] (in German). Freiburg: Verlag Karl Alber. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9783495486108" title="Special:BookSources/9783495486108"><bdi>9783495486108</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=D%C5%8Dgens+Sprachdenken%3A+Historische+und+symboltheoretische+Perspektiven&rft.place=Freiburg&rft.series=Welten+der+Philosophie+%5BWorlds+of+Philosophy%5D&rft.pub=Verlag+Karl+Alber&rft.date=2013&rft.isbn=9783495486108&rft.aulast=M%C3%BCller&rft.aufirst=Ralf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AD%C5%8Dgen" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><i>The Wholehearted Way: A Translation of Eihei Dogen's Bendowa with Commentary</i>. Translated by <a href="/wiki/Shohaku_Okumura" class="mw-redirect" title="Shohaku Okumura">Okumura, Shohaku</a>; <a href="/wiki/Taigen_Dan_Leighton" title="Taigen Dan Leighton">Leighton, Taigen Dan</a>. Boston: Tuttle Publishing. 1997. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8048-3105-X" title="Special:BookSources/0-8048-3105-X"><bdi>0-8048-3105-X</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Wholehearted+Way%3A+A+Translation+of+Eihei+Dogen%27s+Bendowa+with+Commentary&rft.place=Boston&rft.pub=Tuttle+Publishing&rft.date=1997&rft.isbn=0-8048-3105-X&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AD%C5%8Dgen" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFŌkubo1966" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-script">Ōkubo, Dōshū (1966). <i>Dōgen Zenji-den no kenkyū</i> <bdi lang="ja">道元禅師伝の研究</bdi>. Chikuma shobō.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=D%C5%8Dgen+Zenji-den+no+kenky%C5%AB+%E9%81%93%E5%85%83%E7%A6%85%E5%B8%AB%E4%BC%9D%E3%81%AE%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6&rft.pub=Chikuma+shob%C5%8D&rft.date=1966&rft.aulast=%C5%8Ckubo&rft.aufirst=D%C5%8Dsh%C5%AB&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AD%C5%8Dgen" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNishijima2003" class="citation book cs1">Nishijima, Gudo (2003). M. Luetchford; J. Peasons (eds.). <i>Master Dōgen's Shinji Shobogenzo, 301 Koan Stories</i>. Windbell.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Master+D%C5%8Dgen%27s+Shinji+Shobogenzo%2C+301+Koan+Stories&rft.pub=Windbell&rft.date=2003&rft.aulast=Nishijima&rft.aufirst=Gudo&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AD%C5%8Dgen" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-long-vol"><i>Master Dogen's Shobogenzo</i>. Vol. 4 volumes. Translated by Nishijima, Gudo; Cross, Chodo. Windbell Publications. 1994. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-9523002-1-4" title="Special:BookSources/0-9523002-1-4"><bdi>0-9523002-1-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Master+Dogen%27s+Shobogenzo&rft.pub=Windbell+Publications&rft.date=1994&rft.isbn=0-9523002-1-4&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AD%C5%8Dgen" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStambaugh1990" class="citation book cs1">Stambaugh, Joan (1990). <i>Impermanence is Buddha-Nature: Dogen's Understanding of Temporality</i>. Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Impermanence+is+Buddha-Nature%3A+Dogen%27s+Understanding+of+Temporality&rft.place=Honolulu&rft.pub=University+of+Hawaii+Press&rft.date=1990&rft.aulast=Stambaugh&rft.aufirst=Joan&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AD%C5%8Dgen" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTanahashi1997" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Kazuaki_Tanahashi" title="Kazuaki Tanahashi">Tanahashi, Kazuaki</a>, ed. (1997). <i>Moon In a Dewdrop: Writings of Zen Master Dogen</i>. New York: North Point Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-86547-186-X" title="Special:BookSources/0-86547-186-X"><bdi>0-86547-186-X</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Moon+In+a+Dewdrop%3A+Writings+of+Zen+Master+Dogen&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=North+Point+Press&rft.date=1997&rft.isbn=0-86547-186-X&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AD%C5%8Dgen" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTanahashi2011" class="citation book cs1"><i>The True Dharma Eye</i>. Translated by Tanahashi, Kazuaki. Commented by Loori, Daido. <a href="/wiki/Shambhala_Publications" title="Shambhala Publications">Shambhala Publications</a>. 2011. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1590304747" title="Special:BookSources/978-1590304747"><bdi>978-1590304747</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+True+Dharma+Eye&rft.pub=Shambhala+Publications&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=978-1590304747&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AD%C5%8Dgen" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_book" title="Template:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: others (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_others" title="Category:CS1 maint: others">link</a>)</span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWilliams1998" class="citation cs2">Williams, Duncan (1998), "Temples, Pharmacies, Traveling Salesmen, and Pilgrims: Buddhist Production and Distribution of Medicine in Edo Japan", <i>Japanese Religion Bulletin Supplement</i>, New Series, <b>23</b> (February)</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Japanese+Religion+Bulletin+Supplement&rft.atitle=Temples%2C+Pharmacies%2C+Traveling+Salesmen%2C+and+Pilgrims%3A+Buddhist+Production+and+Distribution+of+Medicine+in+Edo+Japan&rft.volume=23&rft.issue=February&rft.date=1998&rft.aulast=Williams&rft.aufirst=Duncan&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AD%C5%8Dgen" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWilliams2005" class="citation cs2">Williams, Duncan Ryūken (2005), <i>The Other Side of Zen: A Social History of Sōtō Zen Buddhism in Tokugawa Japan</i>, Princeton University Press</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Other+Side+of+Zen%3A+A+Social+History+of+S%C5%8Dt%C5%8D+Zen+Buddhism+in+Tokugawa+Japan&rft.pub=Princeton+University+Press&rft.date=2005&rft.aulast=Williams&rft.aufirst=Duncan+Ry%C5%ABken&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AD%C5%8Dgen" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFYokoiVictoria1990" class="citation book cs1">Yokoi, Yūhō; Victoria, Daizen, eds. (1990). <i>Zen Master Dōgen: An Introduction with Selected Writings</i>. Translated by Yokoi, Yūhō; Victoria, Daizen. New York: Weatherhill. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8348-0116-7" title="Special:BookSources/0-8348-0116-7"><bdi>0-8348-0116-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Zen+Master+D%C5%8Dgen%3A+An+Introduction+with+Selected+Writings&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Weatherhill&rft.date=1990&rft.isbn=0-8348-0116-7&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AD%C5%8Dgen" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFYasutani1996" class="citation book cs1">Yasutani, Hakuun (1996). <i>Flowers Fall: a Commentary on Zen Master Dōgen's Genjokoan</i>. Boston, MA: Shambhala Publications. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-57062-103-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-57062-103-1"><bdi>978-1-57062-103-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Flowers+Fall%3A+a+Commentary+on+Zen+Master+D%C5%8Dgen%27s+Genjokoan&rft.place=Boston%2C+MA&rft.pub=Shambhala+Publications&rft.date=1996&rft.isbn=978-1-57062-103-1&rft.aulast=Yasutani&rft.aufirst=Hakuun&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AD%C5%8Dgen" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=D%C5%8Dgen&action=edit&section=30" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wikiquote-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/34px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="34" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/51px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/68px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="355" /></a></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikiquote has quotations related to <i><b><a href="https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Special:Search/D%C5%8Dgen" class="extiw" title="q:Special:Search/Dōgen">Dōgen</a></b></i>.</div></div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237033735"><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; 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Includes related video teachings from modern Zen masters.</li></ul> <table class="wikitable succession-box noprint" style="margin:0.5em auto; font-size:small;clear:both;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #FABE60;"><a href="/wiki/Buddhism" title="Buddhism">Buddhist titles</a> </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Rujing" title="Rujing">Rujing</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/S%C5%8Dt%C5%8D" title="Sōtō">Sōtō</a> <a href="/wiki/Zen" title="Zen">Zen</a> patriarch </b><br />1227–1253 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Koun_Ej%C5%8D" title="Koun Ejō">Koun Ejō</a></div> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style 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haramitsu">Maka hannya haramitsu</a></i> (摩訶般若波羅蜜)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Bussh%C5%8D_(Sh%C5%8Db%C5%8Dgenz%C5%8D)" title="Busshō (Shōbōgenzō)">Busshō</a></i> (佛性)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Shinjin_gakud%C5%8D" title="Shinjin gakudō">Shinjin gakudō</a></i> (身心學道)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Sokushin_zebutsu" title="Sokushin zebutsu">Sokushin zebutsu</a></i> (即心是佛)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Gy%C5%8Dbutsu_igi" title="Gyōbutsu igi">Gyōbutsu igi</a></i> (行佛威儀)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ikka_my%C5%8Dju" title="Ikka myōju">Ikka myōju</a></i> (一顆明珠)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Shin_fukatoku" title="Shin fukatoku">Shin fukatoku</a></i> (心不可得)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Kobutsushin" title="Kobutsushin">Kobutsushin</a></i> (古佛心)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Daigo_(Sh%C5%8Db%C5%8Dgenz%C5%8D)" title="Daigo (Shōbōgenzō)">Daigo</a></i> (大悟)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Zazen_gi" title="Zazen gi">Zazen gi</a></i> (坐禪儀)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Zazen_shin" title="Zazen shin">Zazen shin</a></i> (坐禪箴)</li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kaiin_zanmai&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kaiin zanmai (page does not exist)">Kaiin zanmai</a></i> (海印三昧)</li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=K%C5%ABge&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kūge (page does not exist)">Kūge</a></i> (空華)</li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=K%C5%8Dmy%C5%8D_(Sh%C5%8Db%C5%8Dgenz%C5%8D)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kōmyō (Shōbōgenzō) (page does not exist)">Kōmyō</a></i> (光明)</li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gy%C5%8Dji_(Sh%C5%8Db%C5%8Dgenz%C5%8D)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gyōji (Shōbōgenzō) (page does not exist)">Gyōji</a></i> (行持)</li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Inmo&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Inmo (page does not exist)">Inmo</a></i> (恁麼)</li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kannon_(Sh%C5%8Db%C5%8Dgenz%C5%8D)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kannon (Shōbōgenzō) (page does not exist)">Kannon</a></i> (觀音)</li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Koky%C5%8D&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kokyō (page does not exist)">Kokyō</a></i> (古鏡)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Uji_(Being-Time)" title="Uji (Being-Time)">Uji</a></i> (有時)</li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Juki_(Sh%C5%8Db%C5%8Dgenz%C5%8D)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Juki (Shōbōgenzō) (page does not exist)">Juki</a></i> (授記)</li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zenki_(Sh%C5%8Db%C5%8Dgenz%C5%8D)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Zenki (Shōbōgenzō) (page does not exist)">Zenki</a></i> (全機)</li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tsuki_(Sh%C5%8Db%C5%8Dgenz%C5%8D)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tsuki (Shōbōgenzō) (page does not exist)">Tsuki</a></i> (都機)</li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gaby%C5%8D&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gabyō (page does not exist)">Gabyō</a></i> (畫餅)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Keisei_sanshoku_(Sh%C5%8Db%C5%8Dgenz%C5%8D)" title="Keisei sanshoku (Shōbōgenzō)">Keisei sanshoku</a></i> (谿聲山色)</li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bukk%C5%8Dj%C5%8Dji&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bukkōjōji (page does not exist)">Bukkōjōji</a></i> (佛向上事)</li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Much%C5%AB_setsumu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Muchū setsumu (page does not exist)">Muchū setsumu</a></i> (夢中説夢)</li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Raihai_tokuzui&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Raihai tokuzui (page does not exist)">Raihai tokuzui</a></i> (禮拜得髓)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Sansui_ky%C5%8D" title="Sansui kyō">Sansui kyō</a></i> (山水經)</li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kankin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kankin (page does not exist)">Kankin</a></i> (看經)</li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shoaku_makusa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Shoaku makusa (page does not exist)">Shoaku makusa</a></i> (諸悪莫作)</li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Den_e&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Den e (page does not exist)">Den e</a></i> (傳衣)</li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=D%C5%8Dtoku&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dōtoku (page does not exist)">Dōtoku</a></i> (道得)</li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bukky%C5%8D&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bukkyō (page does not exist)">Bukkyō</a></i> (佛教)</li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jinz%C5%AB&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jinzū (page does not exist)">Jinzū</a></i> (神通)</li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Arakan_(Sh%C5%8Db%C5%8Dgenz%C5%8D)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Arakan (Shōbōgenzō) (page does not exist)">Arakan</a></i> (阿羅漢)</li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shunj%C5%AB&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Shunjū (page does not exist)">Shunjū</a></i> (春秋)</li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Katt%C5%8D&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kattō (page does not exist)">Kattō</a></i> (葛藤)</li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shisho_(Sh%C5%8Db%C5%8Dgenz%C5%8D)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Shisho (Shōbōgenzō) (page does not exist)">Shisho</a></i> (嗣書)</li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hakujushi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hakujushi (page does not exist)">Hakujushi</a></i> (柏樹子)</li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sangai_yuishin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sangai yuishin (page does not exist)">Sangai yuishin</a></i> (三界唯心)</li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sesshin_sessh%C5%8D&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sesshin sesshō (page does not exist)">Sesshin sesshō</a></i> (説心説性)</li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shoh%C5%8D_jiss%C5%8D&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Shohō jissō (page does not exist)">Shohō jissō</a></i> (諸法實相)</li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Butsud%C5%8D&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Butsudō (page does not exist)">Butsudō</a></i> (佛道)</li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mitsugo&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mitsugo (page does not exist)">Mitsugo</a></i> (密語)</li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Muj%C5%8D_sepp%C5%8D&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mujō seppō (page does not exist)">Mujō seppō</a></i> (無情説法)</li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bukky%C5%8D&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bukkyō (page does not exist)">Bukkyō</a></i> (佛經)</li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hossh%C5%8D&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hosshō (page does not exist)">Hosshō</a></i> (法性)</li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Darani_(Sh%C5%8Db%C5%8Dgenz%C5%8D)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Darani (Shōbōgenzō) (page does not exist)">Darani</a></i> (陀羅尼)</li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Senmen&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Senmen (page does not exist)">Senmen</a></i> (洗面)</li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Menju&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Menju (page does not exist)">Menju</a></i> (面授)</li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Busso_(Sh%C5%8Db%C5%8Dgenz%C5%8D)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Busso (Shōbōgenzō) (page does not exist)">Busso</a></i> (佛祖)</li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Baika&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Baika (page does not exist)">Baika</a></i> (梅華)</li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Senj%C5%8D&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Senjō (page does not exist)">Senjō</a></i> (洗淨)</li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jipp%C5%8D&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jippō (page does not exist)">Jippō</a></i> (十方)</li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kenbutsu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kenbutsu (page does not exist)">Kenbutsu</a></i> (見佛)</li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Henzan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Henzan (page does not exist)">Henzan</a></i> (徧參)</li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ganzei&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ganzei (page does not exist)">Ganzei</a></i> (眼睛)</li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kaj%C5%8D_(Sh%C5%8Db%C5%8Dgenz%C5%8D)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kajō (Shōbōgenzō) (page does not exist)">Kajō</a></i> (家常)</li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sanj%C3%BBshichihon_bodai_bunp%C5%8D&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sanjûshichihon bodai bunpō (page does not exist)">Sanjûshichihon bodai bunpō</a></i> (三十七品菩提分法)</li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ry%C5%ABgin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ryūgin (page does not exist)">Ryūgin</a></i> (龍吟)</li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Soshi_seirai_i&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Soshi seirai i (page does not exist)">Soshi seirai i</a></i> (祖師西来意)</li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hotsu_bodai_shin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hotsu bodai shin (page does not exist)">Hotsu bodai shin</a></i> (發菩提心)</li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Udon_ge&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Udon ge (page does not exist)">Udon ge</a></i> (優曇華)</li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nyorai_zenshin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nyorai zenshin (page does not exist)">Nyorai zenshin</a></i> (如來全身)</li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zanmai_%C5%8D_zanmai&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Zanmai ō zanmai (page does not exist)">Zanmai ō zanmai</a></i> (三昧王三昧)</li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ten_h%C5%8Drin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ten hōrin (page does not exist)">Ten hōrin</a></i> (轉法輪)</li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dai_shugy%C5%8D&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dai shugyō (page does not exist)">Dai shugyō</a></i> (大修行)</li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jish%C5%8D_zanmai&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jishō zanmai (page does not exist)">Jishō zanmai</a></i> (自證三昧)</li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kok%C5%AB_(Sh%C5%8Db%C5%8Dgenz%C5%8D)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kokū (Shōbōgenzō) (page does not exist)">Kokū</a></i> (虚空)</li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hou_(Sh%C5%8Db%C5%8Dgenz%C5%8D)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hou (Shōbōgenzō) (page does not exist)">Hou</a></i> (鉢盂)</li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ango_(Sh%C5%8Db%C5%8Dgenz%C5%8D)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ango (Shōbōgenzō) (page does not exist)">Ango</a></i> (安居)</li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tashin_ts%C5%AB&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tashin tsū (page does not exist)">Tashin tsū</a></i> (佗心通)</li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C5%8C_saku_sendaba&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ō saku sendaba (page does not exist)">Ō saku sendaba</a></i> (王索仙陀婆)</li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shukke&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Shukke (page does not exist)">Shukke</a></i> (出家)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">12 Fascicle Version</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shukke_kudoku&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Shukke kudoku (page does not exist)">Shukke kudoku</a></i> (出家功徳)</li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jukai_(Sh%C5%8Db%C5%8Dgenz%C5%8D)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jukai (Shōbōgenzō) (page does not exist)">Jukai</a></i> (受戒)</li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kesa_kudoku&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kesa kudoku (page does not exist)">Kesa kudoku</a></i> (袈裟功徳)</li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hotsu_bodai_shin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hotsu bodai shin (page does not exist)">Hotsu bodai shin</a></i> (發心菩提)</li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kuy%C5%8D_shobutsu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kuyō shobutsu (page does not exist)">Kuyō shobutsu</a></i> (供養諸佛)</li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kie_bupp%C5%8Ds%C5%8D_b%C5%8D&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kie buppōsō bō (page does not exist)">Kie buppōsō bō</a></i> (歸依佛法僧寶)</li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jinshin_inga&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jinshin inga (page does not exist)">Jinshin inga</a></i> (深信因果)</li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sanji_g%C5%8D&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sanji gō (page does not exist)">Sanji gō</a></i> (三時業)</li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shiba_(Sh%C5%8Db%C5%8Dgenz%C5%8D)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Shiba (Shōbōgenzō) (page does not exist)">Shiba</a></i> (四馬)</li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shizen_biku&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Shizen biku (page does not exist)">Shizen biku</a></i> (四禪比丘)</li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ippyakuhachi_h%C5%8Dmy%C5%8D_mon&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ippyakuhachi hōmyō mon (page does not exist)">Ippyakuhachi hōmyō mon</a></i> (一百八法明門)</li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hachi_dainin_gaku&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hachi dainin gaku (page does not exist)">Hachi dainin gaku</a></i> (八大人覺)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="2" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:DogenP2.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/DogenP2.JPG/75px-DogenP2.JPG" decoding="async" width="75" height="88" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/DogenP2.JPG/113px-DogenP2.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/DogenP2.JPG/150px-DogenP2.JPG 2x" data-file-width="288" data-file-height="337" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other Works</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=H%C5%8Dky%C5%8Dki&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hōkyōki (page does not exist)">Hōkyōki</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Fukan_zazengi" title="Fukan zazengi">Fukan zazengi</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Bend%C5%8Dwa" title="Bendōwa">Bendōwa</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Shinji_Sh%C5%8Db%C5%8Dgenz%C5%8D" title="Shinji Shōbōgenzō">Shinji Shōbōgenzō</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Sh%C5%8Db%C5%8Dgenz%C5%8D_Zuimonki" title="Shōbōgenzō Zuimonki">Shōbōgenzō Zuimonki</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Tenzo_Ky%C5%8Dkun" title="Tenzo Kyōkun">Tenzo Kyōkun</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Eihei_Shingi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Eihei Shingi (page does not exist)">Eihei Shingi</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Eihei_K%C5%8Droku" title="Eihei Kōroku">Eihei Kōroku</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Commons page"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/24px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span> <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Dogen" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Dogen"><b>Commons</b></a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wikibooks-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Wikibooks page"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikibooks-logo.svg/16px-Wikibooks-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikibooks-logo.svg/24px-Wikibooks-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikibooks-logo.svg/32px-Wikibooks-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></a></span> <a href="https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Special:Search/Eihei_D%C5%8Dgen" class="extiw" title="wikibooks:Special:Search/Eihei Dōgen"><b>Wikibooks</b></a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Wikiquote page"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/13px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="13" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/20px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/27px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="355" /></span></span> <a href="https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/D%C5%8Dgen" class="extiw" title="wikiquote:Dōgen"><b>Wikiquote</b></a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wikisource-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Wikisource page"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/15px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/23px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/30px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="430" /></a></span> <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Special:Search/Author:Eihei_D%C5%8Dgen" class="extiw" title="wikisource:Special:Search/Author:Eihei Dōgen"><b>Wikisource texts</b></a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="25px&#124;link=Dharmachakra_Topics_in_Buddhism_25px&#124;link=Buddhist_flag1225" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background: #FFD068;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Buddhism_topics" title="Template:Buddhism topics"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Buddhism_topics" title="Template 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href="/wiki/Buddhist_flag" title="Buddhist flag"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Flag_of_Buddhism.svg/25px-Flag_of_Buddhism.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Flag_of_Buddhism.svg/38px-Flag_of_Buddhism.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Flag_of_Buddhism.svg/50px-Flag_of_Buddhism.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="450" data-file-height="300" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="background: #FFD068;"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Outline"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Global_thinking.svg/10px-Global_thinking.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Global_thinking.svg/15px-Global_thinking.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Global_thinking.svg/21px-Global_thinking.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="130" data-file-height="200" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Outline_of_Buddhism" title="Outline of Buddhism">Outline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glossary_of_Buddhism" title="Glossary of Buddhism">Glossary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Index_of_Buddhism-related_articles" title="Index of Buddhism-related articles">Index</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #FFD068;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_Buddhism" title="Outline of Buddhism">Foundations</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Four_Noble_Truths" title="Four Noble Truths">Four Noble Truths</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Refuge_in_Buddhism" title="Refuge in Buddhism">Three Jewels</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/The_Buddha" title="The Buddha">Buddha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dharma" title="Dharma">Dharma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sangha" title="Sangha">Sangha</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Noble_Eightfold_Path" title="Noble Eightfold Path">Noble Eightfold Path</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nirvana" title="Nirvana">Nirvana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Middle_Way" title="Middle Way">Middle Way</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #FFD068;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/The_Buddha" title="The Buddha">The Buddha</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tath%C4%81gata" title="Tathāgata">Tathāgata</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buddha%27s_Birthday" title="Buddha's Birthday">Birthday</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Four_sights" title="Four sights">Four sights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Eight_Great_Events_in_the_Life_of_Buddha" title="The Eight Great Events in the Life of Buddha">Eight Great Events</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Renunciation" title="Great Renunciation">Great Renunciation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Physical_characteristics_of_the_Buddha" title="Physical characteristics of the Buddha">Physical characteristics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Life_of_Buddha_in_art" title="Life of Buddha in art">Life of Buddha in art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buddha_footprint" title="Buddha footprint">Footprint</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Relics_associated_with_Buddha" title="Relics associated with Buddha">Relics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iconography_of_Gautama_Buddha_in_Laos_and_Thailand" title="Iconography of Gautama Buddha in Laos and Thailand">Iconography in Laos and Thailand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Depictions_of_Gautama_Buddha_in_film" title="Depictions of Gautama Buddha in film">Films</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miracles_of_Gautama_Buddha" title="Miracles of Gautama Buddha">Miracles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Family_of_Gautama_Buddha" title="Family of Gautama Buddha">Family</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%C5%9Auddhodana" title="Śuddhodana">Suddhodāna <small>(father)</small></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maya_(mother_of_the_Buddha)" title="Maya (mother of the Buddha)">Māyā <small>(mother)</small></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahapajapati_Gotami" class="mw-redirect" title="Mahapajapati Gotami">Mahapajapati Gotamī<small> (aunt, adoptive mother)</small></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ya%C5%9Bodhar%C4%81" title="Yaśodharā">Yaśodharā <small>(wife)</small></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/R%C4%81hula" title="Rāhula">Rāhula <small>(son)</small></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C4%80nanda" title="Ānanda">Ānanda <small>(cousin)</small></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Devadatta" title="Devadatta">Devadatta <small>(cousin)</small></a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bodhi_Tree" title="Bodhi Tree">Bodhi Tree</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_places_where_Gautama_Buddha_stayed" title="List of places where Gautama Buddha stayed">Places where the Buddha stayed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gautama_Buddha_in_world_religions" title="Gautama Buddha in world religions">Buddha in world religions</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #FFD068;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Bodhisattva" title="Bodhisattva">Bodhisattvas</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Avalokite%C5%9Bvara" title="Avalokiteśvara">Avalokiteśvara</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Guanyin" title="Guanyin">Guanyin</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manjushri" title="Manjushri">Mañjuśrī</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahasthamaprapta" title="Mahasthamaprapta">Mahāsthāmaprāpta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C4%80k%C4%81%C5%9Bagarbha" title="Ākāśagarbha">Ākāśagarbha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/K%E1%B9%A3itigarbha" title="Kṣitigarbha">Kṣitigarbha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samantabhadra_(Bodhisattva)" title="Samantabhadra (Bodhisattva)">Samantabhadra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vajrapani" title="Vajrapani">Vajrapāṇi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Skanda_(Buddhism)" title="Skanda (Buddhism)">Skanda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tara_(Buddhism)" title="Tara (Buddhism)">Tārā</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maitreya" title="Maitreya">Metteyya/Maitreya</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #FFD068;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Disciples_of_Gautama_Buddha" title="Category:Disciples of Gautama Buddha">Disciples</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kaundinya" title="Kaundinya">Kaundinya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Assaji" class="mw-redirect" title="Assaji">Assaji</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C5%9A%C4%81riputra" title="Śāriputra">Sāriputta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maudgalyayana" title="Maudgalyayana">Mahamoggallāna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C4%80nanda" title="Ānanda">Ānanda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mah%C4%81k%C4%81%C5%9Byapa" title="Mahākāśyapa">Mahākassapa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/A%E1%B9%85gulim%C4%81la" title="Aṅgulimāla">Aṅgulimāla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anuruddha" class="mw-redirect" title="Anuruddha">Anuruddha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Katyayana_(Buddhist)" class="mw-redirect" title="Katyayana (Buddhist)">Mahākaccana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nanda_(half-brother_of_Buddha)" title="Nanda (half-brother of Buddha)">Nanda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Subh%C5%ABti" title="Subhūti">Subhūti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pu%E1%B9%87%E1%B9%87a_Mant%C4%81n%C4%ABputta" title="Puṇṇa Mantānīputta">Puṇṇa Mantānīputta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Up%C4%81li" title="Upāli">Upāli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahapajapati_Gotami" class="mw-redirect" title="Mahapajapati Gotami">Mahapajapati Gotamī</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khema" title="Khema">Khema</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uppalavanna" title="Uppalavanna">Uppalavanna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asita" title="Asita">Asita</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Channa_(Buddhist)" title="Channa (Buddhist)">Channa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yasa" title="Yasa">Yasa</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #FFD068;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Glossary_of_Buddhism" title="Glossary of Buddhism">Key concepts</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Avidy%C4%81_(Buddhism)" title="Avidyā (Buddhism)">Avidyā (Ignorance)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bardo" title="Bardo">Bardo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bodhicitta" title="Bodhicitta">Bodhicitta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buddha-nature" title="Buddha-nature">Buddha-nature</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dhamma_theory" class="mw-redirect" title="Dhamma theory">Dhamma theory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dharma" title="Dharma">Dharma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enlightenment_in_Buddhism" title="Enlightenment in Buddhism">Enlightenment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Five_hindrances" title="Five hindrances">Five hindrances</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indriya" title="Indriya">Indriya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karma_in_Buddhism" title="Karma in Buddhism">Karma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kleshas_(Buddhism)" title="Kleshas (Buddhism)">Kleshas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mental_factors_(Buddhism)" title="Mental factors (Buddhism)">Mental factors</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mindstream" title="Mindstream">Mindstream</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parinirvana" title="Parinirvana">Parinirvana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prat%C4%ABtyasamutp%C4%81da" title="Pratītyasamutpāda">Pratītyasamutpāda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rebirth_(Buddhism)" title="Rebirth (Buddhism)">Rebirth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sa%E1%B9%83s%C4%81ra_(Buddhism)" title="Saṃsāra (Buddhism)">Saṃsāra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sa%E1%B9%85kh%C4%81ra" title="Saṅkhāra">Saṅkhāra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Skandha" title="Skandha">Skandha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C5%9A%C5%ABnyat%C4%81" title="Śūnyatā">Śūnyatā</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ta%E1%B9%87h%C4%81" title="Taṇhā">Taṇhā (Craving)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tath%C4%81t%C4%81" title="Tathātā">Tathātā</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fetter_(Buddhism)" title="Fetter (Buddhism)">Ten Fetters</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Three_marks_of_existence" title="Three marks of existence">Three marks of existence</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Impermanence_(Buddhism)" title="Impermanence (Buddhism)">Anicca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Du%E1%B8%A5kha" title="Duḥkha">Dukkha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anatt%C4%81" title="Anattā">Anattā</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Two_truths_doctrine" title="Two truths doctrine">Two truths doctrine</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #FFD068;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Buddhist_cosmology" title="Buddhist cosmology">Cosmology</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ten_realms" title="Ten realms">Ten spiritual realms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Six_Paths" title="Six Paths">Six Paths</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Deva_(Buddhism)" title="Deva (Buddhism)">Deva realm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_beings_in_Buddhism" title="Human beings in Buddhism">Human realm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asura_(Buddhism)" title="Asura (Buddhism)">Asura realm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Preta" title="Preta">Hungry Ghost realm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Animals_in_Buddhism" title="Animals in Buddhism">Animal realm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naraka_(Buddhism)" title="Naraka (Buddhism)">Naraka</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trailokya" title="Trailokya">Three planes of existence</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #FFD068;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Schools_of_Buddhism" title="Schools of Buddhism">Branches</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mahayana" title="Mahayana">Mahayana</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Zen" title="Zen">Zen</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chan_Buddhism" title="Chan Buddhism">Chinese Chan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_Zen" title="Japanese Zen">Japanese Zen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Korean_Seon" title="Korean Seon">Korean Seon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thi%E1%BB%81n" title="Thiền">Vietnamese Thiền</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pure_Land_Buddhism" title="Pure Land Buddhism">Pure Land</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tiantai" title="Tiantai">Tiantai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huayan" title="Huayan">Huayan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rissh%C5%AB_(Buddhism)" title="Risshū (Buddhism)">Risshū</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nichiren_Buddhism" title="Nichiren Buddhism">Nichiren</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madhyamaka" title="Madhyamaka">Madhyamaka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yogachara" title="Yogachara">Yogachara</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vajrayana" title="Vajrayana">Vajrayana</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tibetan_Buddhism" title="Tibetan Buddhism">Tibetan Buddhism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_Esoteric_Buddhism" title="Chinese Esoteric Buddhism">Chinese Esoteric Buddhism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shingon_Buddhism" title="Shingon Buddhism">Shingon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dzogchen" title="Dzogchen">Dzogchen</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theravada" title="Theravada">Theravada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Navayana" title="Navayana">Navayana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Early_Buddhist_schools" title="Early Buddhist schools">Early Buddhist schools</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pre-sectarian_Buddhism" title="Pre-sectarian Buddhism">Pre-sectarian Buddhism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Basic_points_unifying_Therav%C4%81da_and_Mah%C4%81y%C4%81na" title="Basic points unifying Theravāda and Mahāyāna">Basic points unifying Theravāda and Mahāyāna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southern,_Eastern_and_Northern_Buddhism" title="Southern, Eastern and Northern Buddhism">Southern, Eastern and Northern Buddhism</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #FFD068;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Buddhist_practices" title="Category:Buddhist practices">Practices</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bhavana" title="Bhavana">Bhavana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bodhipakkhiy%C4%81dhamm%C4%81" title="Bodhipakkhiyādhammā">Bodhipakkhiyādhammā</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brahmavihara" title="Brahmavihara">Brahmavihara</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Maitr%C4%AB" title="Maitrī">Mettā</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karu%E1%B9%87%C4%81" title="Karuṇā">Karuṇā</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mudita" title="Mudita">Mudita</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Upek%E1%B9%A3%C4%81" title="Upekṣā">Upekkha</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buddh%C4%81bhi%E1%B9%A3eka" title="Buddhābhiṣeka">Buddhābhiṣeka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/D%C4%81na" title="Dāna">Dāna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buddhist_devotion" title="Buddhist devotion">Devotion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deity_yoga" title="Deity yoga">Deity yoga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dhyana_in_Buddhism" title="Dhyana in Buddhism">Dhyāna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Faith_in_Buddhism" title="Faith in Buddhism">Faith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Five_Strengths" title="Five Strengths">Five Strengths</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iddhipada" title="Iddhipada">Iddhipada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buddhist_meditation" title="Buddhist meditation">Meditation</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mantra#Buddhism" title="Mantra">Mantras</a></li> <li><span title="International Alphabet of Sanskrit transliteration"><i lang="sa-Latn"><a href="/wiki/Kamma%E1%B9%AD%E1%B9%ADh%C4%81na" title="Kammaṭṭhāna">Kammaṭṭhāna</a></i></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anussati" title="Anussati">Recollection</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simran" title="Simran">Smarana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anapanasati" title="Anapanasati">Anapanasati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samatha-vipassan%C4%81" title="Samatha-vipassanā">Samatha-vipassanā</a> (<a href="/wiki/Vipassana_movement" title="Vipassana movement">Vipassana movement</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shikantaza" title="Shikantaza">Shikantaza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zazen" title="Zazen">Zazen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tukdam" title="Tukdam">Tukdam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Koan" title="Koan">Koan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ganana" title="Ganana">Ganana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mandala" title="Mandala">Mandala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tonglen" title="Tonglen">Tonglen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tantra" title="Tantra">Tantra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tert%C3%B6n" title="Tertön">Tertön</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terma_(religion)" title="Terma (religion)">Terma</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Merit_(Buddhism)" title="Merit (Buddhism)">Merit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mindfulness" title="Mindfulness">Mindfulness</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mindful_Yoga" title="Mindful Yoga">Mindful Yoga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Satipatthana" title="Satipatthana">Satipatthana</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nekkhamma" title="Nekkhamma">Nekkhamma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nianfo" title="Nianfo">Nianfo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/P%C4%81ramit%C4%81" title="Pāramitā">Pāramitā</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paritta" title="Paritta">Paritta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buddhist_devotion" title="Buddhist devotion">Puja</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Offering_(Buddhism)" class="mw-redirect" title="Offering (Buddhism)">Offerings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prostration_(Buddhism)" title="Prostration (Buddhism)">Prostration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buddhist_music" title="Buddhist music">Music</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Refuge_in_Buddhism" title="Refuge in Buddhism">Refuge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S%C4%81dhu_(Pali_word)" title="Sādhu (Pali word)">Sādhu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Satya" title="Satya">Satya</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sacca" title="Sacca">Sacca</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seven_Factors_of_Awakening" title="Seven Factors of Awakening">Seven Factors of Enlightenment</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sati_(Buddhism)" title="Sati (Buddhism)">Sati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dhamma_vicaya" title="Dhamma vicaya">Dhamma vicaya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/P%C4%ABti" title="Pīti">Pīti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Passaddhi" title="Passaddhi">Passaddhi</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buddhist_ethics" title="Buddhist ethics">Śīla</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Five_precepts" title="Five precepts">Five precepts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eight_precepts" title="Eight precepts">Eight precepts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bodhisattva_vow" title="Bodhisattva vow">Bodhisattva vow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pratimok%E1%B9%A3a" title="Pratimokṣa">Pratimokṣa</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Threefold_Training" title="Threefold Training">Threefold Training</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Buddhist_ethics" title="Buddhist ethics">Śīla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samadhi" title="Samadhi">Samadhi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Praj%C3%B1%C4%81_(Buddhism)" title="Prajñā (Buddhism)">Prajñā</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/V%C4%ABrya" title="Vīrya">Vīrya</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Four_Right_Exertions" title="Four Right Exertions">Four Right Exertions</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Twenty-two_vows_of_Ambedkar" title="Twenty-two vows of Ambedkar">Twenty-two vows of Ambedkar</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #FFD068;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Nirvana" title="Nirvana">Nirvana</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Enlightenment_in_Buddhism" title="Enlightenment in Buddhism">Bodhi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bodhisattva" title="Bodhisattva">Bodhisattva</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buddhahood" title="Buddhahood">Buddhahood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pratyekabuddhay%C4%81na" title="Pratyekabuddhayāna">Pratyekabuddhayāna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Four_stages_of_awakening" class="mw-redirect" title="Four stages of awakening">Four stages of awakening</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sot%C4%81panna" title="Sotāpanna">Sotāpanna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sakadagami" title="Sakadagami">Sakadagami</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/An%C4%81g%C4%81mi" title="Anāgāmi">Anāgāmi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arhat" title="Arhat">Arhat</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #FFD068;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Buddhist_monasticism" title="Buddhist monasticism">Monasticism</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bhikkhu" title="Bhikkhu">Bhikkhu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhikkhun%C4%AB" title="Bhikkhunī">Bhikkhunī</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samanera" title="Samanera">Śrāmaṇera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samanera" title="Samanera">Śrāmaṇerī</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anag%C4%81rika" title="Anagārika">Anagārika</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ajahn" title="Ajahn">Ajahn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sayadaw" title="Sayadaw">Sayadaw</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zen_master" title="Zen master">Zen master</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/R%C5%8Dshi" title="Rōshi">Rōshi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lama" title="Lama">Lama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rinpoche" title="Rinpoche">Rinpoche</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geshe" title="Geshe">Geshe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tulku" title="Tulku">Tulku</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Western_tulku" title="Western tulku">Western tulku</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kappiya" title="Kappiya">Kappiya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Donchee" title="Donchee">Donchee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Householder_(Buddhism)" title="Householder (Buddhism)">Householder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Up%C4%81saka_and_Up%C4%81sik%C4%81" class="mw-redirect" title="Upāsaka and Upāsikā">Upāsaka and Upāsikā</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Achar_(Buddhism)" title="Achar (Buddhism)">Achar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C5%9Ar%C4%81vaka" title="Śrāvaka">Śrāvaka</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ten_principal_disciples" title="Ten principal disciples">Ten principal disciples</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shaolin_Monastery" title="Shaolin Monastery">Shaolin Monastery</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #FFD068;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Buddhists" title="List of Buddhists">Major figures</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/The_Buddha" title="The Buddha">The Buddha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nagasena" title="Nagasena">Nagasena</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/A%C5%9Bvagho%E1%B9%A3a" title="Aśvaghoṣa">Aśvaghoṣa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nagarjuna" title="Nagarjuna">Nagarjuna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asanga" title="Asanga">Asanga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vasubandhu" title="Vasubandhu">Vasubandhu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kum%C4%81raj%C4%ABva" title="Kumārajīva">Kumārajīva</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buddhaghosa" title="Buddhaghosa">Buddhaghosa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buddhap%C4%81lita" title="Buddhapālita">Buddhapālita</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dign%C4%81ga" title="Dignāga">Dignāga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bodhidharma" title="Bodhidharma">Bodhidharma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhiyi" title="Zhiyi">Zhiyi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emperor_Wen_of_Sui" title="Emperor Wen of Sui">Emperor Wen of Sui</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Songtsen_Gampo" title="Songtsen Gampo">Songtsen Gampo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xuanzang" title="Xuanzang">Xuanzang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shandao" title="Shandao">Shandao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Padmasambhava" title="Padmasambhava">Padmasambhava</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saraha" title="Saraha">Saraha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ati%C5%9Ba" title="Atiśa">Atiśa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naropa" title="Naropa">Naropa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karmapa" title="Karmapa">Karmapa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/H%C5%8Dnen" title="Hōnen">Hōnen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shinran" title="Shinran">Shinran</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Dōgen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nichiren" title="Nichiren">Nichiren</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shamarpa" title="Shamarpa">Shamarpa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dalai_Lama" title="Dalai Lama">Dalai Lama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panchen_Lama" title="Panchen Lama">Panchen Lama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ajahn_Mun" title="Ajahn Mun">Ajahn Mun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/B._R._Ambedkar" title="B. R. Ambedkar">B. R. Ambedkar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ajahn_Chah" title="Ajahn Chah">Ajahn Chah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Th%C3%ADch_Nh%E1%BA%A5t_H%E1%BA%A1nh" title="Thích Nhất Hạnh">Thích Nhất Hạnh</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #FFD068;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Buddhist_texts" title="Buddhist texts">Texts</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Early_Buddhist_texts" title="Early Buddhist texts">Early Buddhist texts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tripi%E1%B9%ADaka" class="mw-redirect" title="Tripiṭaka">Tripiṭaka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahayana_sutras" title="Mahayana sutras">Mahayana sutras</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pali_Canon" title="Pali Canon">Pali Canon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_Buddhist_canon" title="Chinese Buddhist canon">Chinese Buddhist canon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tibetan_Buddhist_canon" title="Tibetan Buddhist canon">Tibetan Buddhist canon</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Dhammapada" title="Dhammapada">Dhammapada</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sutra" title="Sutra">Sutra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vinaya" title="Vinaya">Vinaya</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Madhyamak%C4%81la%E1%B9%83k%C4%81ra" title="Madhyamakālaṃkāra">Madhyamakālaṃkāra</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abhidharmad%C4%ABpa" title="Abhidharmadīpa">Abhidharmadīpa</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #FFD068;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Buddhism_by_country" title="Buddhism by country">Countries</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Buddhism_in_Afghanistan" title="Buddhism in Afghanistan">Afghanistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buddhism_in_Bangladesh" title="Buddhism in Bangladesh">Bangladesh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buddhism_in_Bhutan" title="Buddhism in Bhutan">Bhutan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buddhism_in_Cambodia" title="Buddhism in Cambodia">Cambodia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buddhism_in_China" title="Buddhism in China">China</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Buddhism_in_India" title="History of Buddhism in India">India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buddhism_in_Indonesia" title="Buddhism in Indonesia">Indonesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buddhism_in_Japan" title="Buddhism in Japan">Japan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Korean_Buddhism" title="Korean Buddhism">Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buddhism_in_Laos" title="Buddhism in Laos">Laos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buddhism_in_Malaysia" title="Buddhism in Malaysia">Malaysia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buddhism_in_the_Maldives" title="Buddhism in the Maldives">Maldives</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buddhism_in_Mongolia" title="Buddhism in Mongolia">Mongolia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buddhism_in_Myanmar" title="Buddhism in Myanmar">Myanmar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buddhism_in_Nepal" title="Buddhism in Nepal">Nepal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buddhism_in_Pakistan" title="Buddhism in Pakistan">Pakistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buddhism_in_the_Philippines" title="Buddhism in the Philippines">Philippines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buddhism_in_Russia" title="Buddhism in Russia">Russia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Buddhism_in_Buryatia" title="Buddhism in Buryatia">Buryatia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buddhism_in_Kalmykia" title="Buddhism in Kalmykia">Kalmykia</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Buddhism_in_Tuva&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Buddhism in Tuva (page does not exist)">Tuva</a> (<a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D1%83%D0%B4%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BC_%D0%B2_%D0%A2%D1%8B%D0%B2%D0%B5" class="extiw" title="ru:Буддизм в Тыве">ru</a>)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buddhism_in_Singapore" title="Buddhism in Singapore">Singapore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buddhism_in_Sri_Lanka" title="Buddhism in Sri Lanka">Sri Lanka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buddhism_in_Taiwan" title="Buddhism in Taiwan">Taiwan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buddhism_in_Thailand" title="Buddhism in Thailand">Thailand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tibetan_Buddhism" title="Tibetan Buddhism">Tibet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buddhism_in_Vietnam" title="Buddhism in Vietnam">Vietnam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buddhism_in_Africa" title="Buddhism in Africa">Africa</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Buddhism_in_Senegal" title="Buddhism in Senegal">Senegal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buddhism_in_South_Africa" title="Buddhism in South Africa">South Africa</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buddhism_in_Central_Asia" title="Buddhism in Central Asia">Central Asia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Buddhism_in_Uzbekistan" title="Buddhism in Uzbekistan">Uzbekistan</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buddhism_in_the_Middle_East" title="Buddhism in the Middle East">Middle East</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Buddhism_in_Iran" title="Buddhism in Iran">Iran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buddhism_in_Saudi_Arabia" title="Buddhism in Saudi Arabia">Saudi Arabia</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buddhism_in_the_West" title="Buddhism in the West">Western countries</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Buddhism_in_Argentina" title="Buddhism in Argentina">Argentina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buddhism_in_Australia" title="Buddhism in Australia">Australia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buddhism_in_Brazil" title="Buddhism in Brazil">Brazil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buddhism_in_Canada" title="Buddhism in Canada">Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buddhism_in_Costa_Rica" title="Buddhism in Costa Rica">Costa Rica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buddhism_in_the_Czech_Republic" title="Buddhism in the Czech Republic">Czech Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buddhism_in_France" title="Buddhism in France">France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buddhism_in_Germany" title="Buddhism in Germany">Germany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buddhism_in_Italy" title="Buddhism in Italy">Italy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buddhism_in_Mexico" title="Buddhism in Mexico">Mexico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buddhism_in_New_Zealand" title="Buddhism in New Zealand">New Zealand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buddhism_in_Norway" title="Buddhism in Norway">Norway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buddhism_in_Poland" title="Buddhism in Poland">Poland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buddhism_in_Sweden" title="Buddhism in Sweden">Sweden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buddhism_in_Switzerland" title="Buddhism in Switzerland">Switzerland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buddhism_in_Ukraine" title="Buddhism in Ukraine">Ukraine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buddhism_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Buddhism in the United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buddhism_in_the_United_States" title="Buddhism in the United States">United States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buddhism_in_Venezuela" title="Buddhism in Venezuela">Venezuela</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #FFD068;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/History_of_Buddhism" title="History of Buddhism">History</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Buddhism" title="Timeline of Buddhism">Timeline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ashoka" title="Ashoka">Ashoka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kanishka" title="Kanishka">Kanishka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buddhist_councils" title="Buddhist councils">Buddhist councils</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Buddhism_in_India" title="History of Buddhism in India">History of Buddhism in India</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Decline_of_Buddhism_in_the_Indian_subcontinent" title="Decline of Buddhism in the Indian subcontinent">Decline of Buddhism in India</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huichang_persecution_of_Buddhism" title="Huichang persecution of Buddhism">Huichang persecution of Buddhism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greco-Buddhism" title="Greco-Buddhism">Greco-Buddhism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gandharan_Buddhism" title="Gandharan Buddhism">Gandharan Buddhism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gandh%C4%81ran_Buddhist_texts" title="Gandhāran Buddhist texts">Texts</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Menander_I" title="Menander I">Menander I</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buddhism_and_the_Roman_world" title="Buddhism and the Roman world">Buddhism and the Roman world</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buddhism_in_the_West" title="Buddhism in the West">Buddhism in the West</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Silk_Road_transmission_of_Buddhism" title="Silk Road transmission of Buddhism">Silk Road transmission of Buddhism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persecution_of_Buddhists" title="Persecution of Buddhists">Persecution of Buddhists</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Buddhism_in_Afghanistan" title="Buddhism in Afghanistan">In Afghanistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buddhist_crisis" title="Buddhist crisis">In Vietnam</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rim%C3%A9_movement" title="Rimé movement">Rimé movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Banishment_of_Buddhist_monks_from_Nepal" title="Banishment of Buddhist monks from Nepal">Banishment of Buddhist monks from Nepal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dalit_Buddhist_movement" title="Dalit Buddhist movement">Dalit Buddhist movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Annexation_of_Tibet_by_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China" title="Annexation of Tibet by the People's Republic of China">Chinese invasion of Tibet</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1959_Tibetan_uprising" title="1959 Tibetan uprising">1959 Tibetan uprising</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sinhalese_Buddhist_nationalism" title="Sinhalese Buddhist nationalism">Sinhalese Buddhist nationalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buddhist_modernism" title="Buddhist modernism">Buddhist modernism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vipassana_movement" title="Vipassana movement">Vipassana movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/969_Movement" title="969 Movement">969 Movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Engaged_Buddhism" title="Engaged Buddhism">Engaged Buddhism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women_in_Buddhism" title="Women in Buddhism">Women in Buddhism</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #FFD068;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Buddhist_philosophy" title="Buddhist philosophy">Philosophy</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abhidharma" title="Abhidharma">Abhidharma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buddhist_atomism" title="Buddhist atomism">Atomism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buddhist_studies" title="Buddhist studies">Buddhology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Creator_in_Buddhism" title="Creator in Buddhism">Creator</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buddhism_and_democracy" title="Buddhism and democracy">Buddhism and democracy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buddhist_economics" title="Buddhist economics">Economics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eight_Consciousnesses" title="Eight Consciousnesses">Eight Consciousnesses</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Engaged_Buddhism" title="Engaged Buddhism">Engaged Buddhism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buddhist_eschatology" title="Buddhist eschatology">Eschatology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buddhist_ethics" title="Buddhist ethics">Ethics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buddhism_and_evolution" class="mw-redirect" title="Buddhism and evolution">Evolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Humanistic_Buddhism" title="Humanistic Buddhism">Humanism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buddhist_logico-epistemology" title="Buddhist logico-epistemology">Logic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reality_in_Buddhism" title="Reality in Buddhism">Reality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Secular_Buddhism" title="Secular Buddhism">Secular Buddhism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buddhist_socialism" title="Buddhist socialism">Socialism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_unanswerable_questions" title="The unanswerable questions">The unanswerable questions</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #FFD068;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Buddhism" title="Culture of Buddhism">Culture</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Buddhist_architecture" title="Buddhist architecture">Architecture</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Buddhist_temple" title="Buddhist temple">Temple</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vih%C4%81ra" title="Vihāra">Vihāra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kyaung" title="Kyaung">Kyaung</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wat" title="Wat">Wat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ordination_hall" title="Ordination hall">Ordination hall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stupa" title="Stupa">Stupa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pagoda" title="Pagoda">Pagoda</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Burmese_pagoda" title="Burmese pagoda">Burmese pagoda</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Candi_of_Indonesia" title="Candi of Indonesia">Candi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dzong_architecture" title="Dzong architecture">Dzong architecture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Buddhist_architecture_in_China" title="List of Buddhist architecture in China">List of Buddhist architecture in China</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_Buddhist_architecture" title="Japanese Buddhist architecture">Japanese Buddhist architecture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buddhist_temples_in_Korea" title="Buddhist temples in Korea">Buddhist temples in Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thai_temple_art_and_architecture" title="Thai temple art and architecture">Thai temple art and architecture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tibetan_Buddhist_architecture" title="Tibetan Buddhist architecture">Tibetan Buddhist architecture</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buddhist_art" title="Buddhist art">Art</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Greco-Buddhist_art" title="Greco-Buddhist art">Greco-Buddhist</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Budai" title="Budai">Budai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buddha_in_art" title="Buddha in art">Buddha in art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buddhist_calendar" title="Buddhist calendar">Calendar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buddhist_cuisine" title="Buddhist cuisine">Cuisine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buddhist_funeral" title="Buddhist funeral">Funeral</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buddhist_holidays" title="Buddhist holidays">Holidays</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vesak" title="Vesak">Vesak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uposatha" title="Uposatha">Uposatha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M%C4%81gha_P%C5%ABj%C4%81" title="Māgha Pūjā">Māgha Pūjā</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asalha_Puja" title="Asalha Puja">Asalha Puja</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vassa" title="Vassa">Vassa</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jaya_Sri_Maha_Bodhi" title="Jaya Sri Maha Bodhi">Jaya Sri Maha Bodhi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kasaya_(clothing)" title="Kasaya (clothing)">Kasaya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahabodhi_Temple" title="Mahabodhi Temple">Mahabodhi Temple</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mantra" title="Mantra">Mantra</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Om_mani_padme_hum" title="Om mani padme hum">Om mani padme hum</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mudra" title="Mudra">Mudra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buddhist_music" title="Buddhist music">Music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buddhist_pilgrimage_sites" title="Buddhist pilgrimage sites">Pilgrimage</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lumbini" title="Lumbini">Lumbini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maya_Devi_Temple,_Lumbini" title="Maya Devi Temple, Lumbini">Maya Devi Temple</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bodh_Gaya" title="Bodh Gaya">Bodh Gaya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sarnath" title="Sarnath">Sarnath</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kushinagar" title="Kushinagar">Kushinagar</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buddhist_poetry" title="Buddhist poetry">Poetry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japamala" title="Japamala">Prayer beads</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hama_yumi" title="Hama yumi">Hama yumi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prayer_wheel" title="Prayer wheel">Prayer wheel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buddhist_symbolism" title="Buddhist symbolism">Symbolism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dharmachakra" title="Dharmachakra">Dharmachakra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buddhist_flag" title="Buddhist flag">Flag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhavacakra" title="Bhavacakra">Bhavacakra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swastika" title="Swastika">Swastika</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thangka" title="Thangka">Thangka</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Temple_of_the_Tooth" title="Temple of the Tooth">Temple of the Tooth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buddhist_vegetarianism" title="Buddhist vegetarianism">Vegetarianism</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #FFD068;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Index_of_Buddhism-related_articles" title="Index of Buddhism-related articles">Miscellaneous</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abhij%C3%B1%C4%81" title="Abhijñā">Abhijñā</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amit%C4%81bha" title="Amitābha">Amitābha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brahm%C4%81_(Buddhism)" title="Brahmā (Buddhism)">Brahmā</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dharma_talk" title="Dharma talk">Dharma talk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hinayana" title="Hinayana">Hinayana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iddhi" title="Iddhi">Iddhi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kalpa_(time)" title="Kalpa (time)">Kalpa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Koliya" title="Koliya">Koliya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lineage_(Buddhism)" title="Lineage (Buddhism)">Lineage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mara_(demon)" title="Mara (demon)">Māra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siddhi" title="Siddhi">Siddhi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sacred_language" title="Sacred language">Sacred languages</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pali" title="Pali">Pāḷi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sanskrit" title="Sanskrit">Sanskrit</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #FFD068;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Comparative_Buddhism" title="Category:Comparative Buddhism">Comparison</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bah%C3%A1%CA%BC%C3%AD_Faith_and_Buddhism" title="Baháʼí Faith and Buddhism">Baháʼí Faith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buddhism_and_Christianity" title="Buddhism and Christianity">Christianity</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Buddhist_influences_on_Christianity" title="Buddhist influences on Christianity">Influences</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comparison_of_Buddhism_and_Christianity" title="Comparison of Buddhism and Christianity">Comparison</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buddhism_and_Eastern_religions" title="Buddhism and Eastern religions">East Asian religions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buddhism_and_Gnosticism" title="Buddhism and Gnosticism">Gnosticism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buddhism_and_Hinduism" title="Buddhism and Hinduism">Hinduism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buddhism_and_Jainism" title="Buddhism and Jainism">Jainism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_Buddhist" title="Jewish Buddhist">Judaism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buddhism_and_psychology" title="Buddhism and psychology">Psychology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buddhism_and_science" title="Buddhism and science">Science</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buddhism_and_Theosophy" title="Buddhism and Theosophy">Theosophy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buddhism_and_violence" title="Buddhism and violence">Violence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buddhism_and_Western_philosophy" title="Buddhism and Western philosophy">Western philosophy</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #FFD068;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Buddhism-related_lists" title="Category:Buddhism-related lists">Lists</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_bodhisattvas" title="List of bodhisattvas">Bodhisattvas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Buddhas" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Buddhas">Buddhas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Buddhists" title="List of Buddhists">Buddhists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_suttas" title="List of suttas">Suttas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sutra" title="Sutra">Sutras</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Buddhist_temples" title="List of Buddhist temples">Temples</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Buddhist_festivals" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Buddhist festivals">Festivals</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="background: #FFD068;"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span 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style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ci.nii.ac.jp/author/DA00404611?l=en">CiNii</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Artists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://musicbrainz.org/artist/a1f7b6e8-4643-465c-801a-10748cf1a044">MusicBrainz</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://trove.nla.gov.au/people/933998">Trove</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" 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