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class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Political_fragmentation_of_the_GNC" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Political_fragmentation_of_the_GNC"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.1 Political fragmentation of the GNC </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Political_fragmentation_of_the_GNC-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Libya_Revolutionaries_Operations_Room_and_kidnapping_of_Ali_Zeidan" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Libya_Revolutionaries_Operations_Room_and_kidnapping_of_Ali_Zeidan"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.2 Libya Revolutionaries Operations Room and kidnapping of Ali Zeidan </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Libya_Revolutionaries_Operations_Room_and_kidnapping_of_Ali_Zeidan-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Expansion_of_armed_groups_during_the_GNC's_term" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Expansion_of_armed_groups_during_the_GNC's_term"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.3 Expansion of armed groups during the GNC's term </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Expansion_of_armed_groups_during_the_GNC's_term-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-GNC's_political_isolation_law" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#GNC's_political_isolation_law"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.4 GNC's political isolation law </div> </a> <ul id="toc-GNC's_political_isolation_law-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Suppression_of_women's_rights" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Suppression_of_women's_rights"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.5 Suppression of women's rights </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Suppression_of_women's_rights-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-GNC_extends_its_mandate_without_elections" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#GNC_extends_its_mandate_without_elections"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.6 GNC extends its mandate without elections </div> </a> <ul id="toc-GNC_extends_its_mandate_without_elections-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-House_of_Representatives_versus_GNC" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#House_of_Representatives_versus_GNC"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.7 House of Representatives versus GNC </div> </a> <ul id="toc-House_of_Representatives_versus_GNC-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Opposing_forces" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Opposing_forces"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2 Opposing forces </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Opposing_forces-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Opposing forces subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Opposing_forces-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Pro-GNC" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pro-GNC"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.1 Pro-GNC </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pro-GNC-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Libya_Dawn" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Libya_Dawn"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.1.1 Libya Dawn </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Libya_Dawn-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Libya_Shield" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Libya_Shield"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.1.2 Libya Shield </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Libya_Shield-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Revolutionary_Shura_Councils" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Revolutionary_Shura_Councils"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.1.3 Revolutionary Shura Councils </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Revolutionary_Shura_Councils-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Benghazi_Defense_Brigades" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Benghazi_Defense_Brigades"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.1.4 Benghazi Defense Brigades </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Benghazi_Defense_Brigades-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Amazigh_militias" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Amazigh_militias"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.1.5 Amazigh militias </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Amazigh_militias-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Operation_Dignity" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Operation_Dignity"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.2 Operation Dignity </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Operation_Dignity-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-LNA" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#LNA"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.2.1 LNA </div> </a> <ul id="toc-LNA-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Salafist_militias" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Salafist_militias"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.2.2 Salafist militias </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Salafist_militias-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Zintan_brigades" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Zintan_brigades"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.2.3 Zintan brigades </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Zintan_brigades-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Wershefana_militias" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Wershefana_militias"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.2.4 Wershefana militias </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Wershefana_militias-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Kaniyat_militia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Kaniyat_militia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.2.5 Kaniyat militia </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Kaniyat_militia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ethnic_tensions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ethnic_tensions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.3 Ethnic tensions </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ethnic_tensions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Effects" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Effects"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3 Effects </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Effects-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Timeline" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Timeline"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4 Timeline </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Timeline-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Peace_process" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Peace_process"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5 Peace process </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Peace_process-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Reactions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Reactions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6 Reactions </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Reactions-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Reactions subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Reactions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Domestic_reactions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Domestic_reactions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.1 Domestic reactions </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Domestic_reactions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Foreign_reactions,_involvement,_and_evacuations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Foreign_reactions,_involvement,_and_evacuations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.2 Foreign reactions, involvement, and evacuations </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Foreign_reactions,_involvement,_and_evacuations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Neighboring_countries" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Neighboring_countries"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.2.1 Neighboring countries </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Neighboring_countries-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Others" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Others"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.2.2 Others </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Others-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7 See also </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8 References </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9 Further reading </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 10 External links </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" > Toggle the table of contents </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading">Libyan civil war (2014–2020)</h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 35 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-35" aria-hidden="true" > 35 languages </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tweede_Libiese_Burgeroorlog" title="Tweede Libiese Burgeroorlog – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Tweede Libiese Burgeroorlog" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target">Afrikaans</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AD%D8%B1%D8%A8_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D9%87%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%A9_(2014%E2%80%932020)" title="الحرب الأهلية الليبية (2014–2020) – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="الحرب الأهلية الليبية (2014–2020)" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">العربية</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B7%D1%8F%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D1%9E_%D0%9B%D1%96%D0%B2%D1%96%D1%96_(2014%E2%80%942020)" title="Грамадзянская вайна ў Лівіі (2014—2020) – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Грамадзянская вайна ў Лівіі (2014—2020)" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guerra_Civil_de_L%C3%ADbia_(2014-2020)" title="Guerra Civil de Líbia (2014-2020) – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Guerra Civil de Líbia (2014-2020)" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Català</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Druh%C3%A1_ob%C4%8Dansk%C3%A1_v%C3%A1lka_v_Libyi" title="Druhá občanská válka v Libyi – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Druhá občanská válka v Libyi" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target">Čeština</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%C3%BCrgerkrieg_in_Libyen_seit_2014" title="Bürgerkrieg in Libyen seit 2014 – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Bürgerkrieg in Libyen seit 2014" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target">Deutsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9B%CE%B9%CE%B2%CF%85%CE%BA%CF%8C%CF%82_%CE%95%CE%BC%CF%86%CF%8D%CE%BB%CE%B9%CE%BF%CF%82_%CE%A0%CF%8C%CE%BB%CE%B5%CE%BC%CE%BF%CF%82_(2014-2020)" title="Λιβυκός Εμφύλιος Πόλεμος (2014-2020) – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Λιβυκός Εμφύλιος Πόλεμος (2014-2020)" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ελληνικά</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Segunda_guerra_civil_libia" title="Segunda guerra civil libia – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Segunda guerra civil libia" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Español</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dua_Libia_Enlanda_Milito" title="Dua Libia Enlanda Milito – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Dua Libia Enlanda Milito" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target">Esperanto</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%85%DB%8C%D9%86_%D8%AC%D9%86%DA%AF_%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%AE%D9%84%DB%8C_%D9%84%DB%8C%D8%A8%DB%8C" title="دومین جنگ داخلی لیبی – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="دومین جنگ داخلی لیبی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target">فارسی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deuxi%C3%A8me_guerre_civile_libyenne" title="Deuxième guerre civile libyenne – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Deuxième guerre civile libyenne" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target">Français</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dara_Cogadh_Cathartha_na_Libia" title="Dara Cogadh Cathartha na Libia – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Dara Cogadh Cathartha na Libia" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gaeilge</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%A0%9C2%EC%B0%A8_%EB%A6%AC%EB%B9%84%EC%95%84_%EB%82%B4%EC%A0%84" title="제2차 리비아 내전 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="제2차 리비아 내전" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target">한국어</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE_%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%83%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A7_(2014-%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8)" title="लीबिया गृहयुद्ध (2014-वर्तमान) – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="लीबिया गृहयुद्ध (2014-वर्तमान)" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target">हिन्दी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perang_Saudara_Libya_Kedua" title="Perang Saudara Libya Kedua – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Perang Saudara Libya Kedua" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Indonesia</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seconda_guerra_civile_in_Libia" title="Seconda guerra civile in Libia – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Seconda guerra civile in Libia" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Italiano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9E%D7%9C%D7%97%D7%9E%D7%AA_%D7%94%D7%90%D7%96%D7%A8%D7%97%D7%99%D7%9D_%D7%94%D7%A9%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%99%D7%94_%D7%91%D7%9C%D7%95%D7%91" title="מלחמת האזרחים השנייה בלוב – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="מלחמת האזרחים השנייה בלוב" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target">עברית</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C4%ABbijas_pilso%C5%86u_kar%C5%A1_(no_2014)" title="Lībijas pilsoņu karš (no 2014) – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Lībijas pilsoņu karš (no 2014)" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latviešu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%A1sodik_l%C3%ADbiai_polg%C3%A1rh%C3%A1bor%C3%BA" title="Második líbiai polgárháború – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Második líbiai polgárháború" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Magyar</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perang_Saudara_Libya_Kedua" title="Perang Saudara Libya Kedua – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Perang Saudara Libya Kedua" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Melayu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tweede_Libische_Burgeroorlog" title="Tweede Libische Burgeroorlog – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Tweede Libische Burgeroorlog" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nederlands</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/2014%E5%B9%B4%E3%83%AA%E3%83%93%E3%82%A2%E5%86%85%E6%88%A6" title="2014年リビア内戦 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="2014年リビア内戦" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">日本語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%DB%8C%D8%A8%DB%8C%D8%A7_%D8%AF%DB%8C_%D8%AE%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%81_%D8%AC%D9%86%DA%AF%DB%8C" title="لیبیا دی خانہ جنگی – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="لیبیا دی خانہ جنگی" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target">پنجابی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a 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.hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">This article is about the conflict from 2014 to 2020. For the 8-month civil war in 2011, see <a href="/wiki/Libyan_civil_war_(2011)" title="Libyan civil war (2011)">Libyan civil war (2011)</a>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r963460841">@media all and (min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .desktop-float-right{box-sizing:border-box;float:right;clear:right}}.mw-parser-output .infobox.vevent .status>p:first-child{margin:0}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1034237262">.mw-parser-output .stack{box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .stack>div{margin:1px;overflow:hidden}@media all and (min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .stack-clear-left{float:left;clear:left}.mw-parser-output .stack-clear-right{float:right;clear:right}.mw-parser-output .stack-left{float:left}.mw-parser-output .stack-right{float:right}.mw-parser-output .stack-margin-clear-left{float:left;clear:left;margin-right:1em}.mw-parser-output .stack-margin-clear-right{float:right;clear:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .stack-margin-left{float:left;margin-right:1em}.mw-parser-output .stack-margin-right{float:right;margin-left:1em}}</style><div class="stack mw-stack stack-clear-right"><div><table class="infobox vevent" style="width:25.5em;border-spacing:2px;"><tbody><tr><th class="summary" colspan="4" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Second Libyan Civil War</th></tr><tr><td colspan="4" style="background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Part of the <a href="/wiki/Arab_Winter" title="Arab Winter">Arab Winter</a>, <a href="/wiki/Libyan_Crisis_(2011%E2%80%93present)" class="mw-redirect" title="Libyan Crisis (2011–present)">Libyan Crisis</a>, <a href="/wiki/Iran%E2%80%93Saudi_Arabia_proxy_conflict" title="Iran–Saudi Arabia proxy conflict">Iran–Saudi Arabia proxy conflict</a>, <a href="/wiki/War_on_terror" title="War on terror">War on terror</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Qatar%E2%80%93Saudi_Arabia_diplomatic_conflict" title="Qatar–Saudi Arabia diplomatic conflict">Qatar–Saudi Arabia diplomatic conflict</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="4" style="text-align:center;border-bottom:1px solid #aaa;line-height:1.5em;"><a href="/wiki/File:Libyan_Civil_War.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/Libyan_Civil_War.svg/400px-Libyan_Civil_War.svg.png" decoding="async" width="400" height="384" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/Libyan_Civil_War.svg/600px-Libyan_Civil_War.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/Libyan_Civil_War.svg/800px-Libyan_Civil_War.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1033" data-file-height="991" /></a> Military situation in Libya on 11 June 2020<div style="text-align: left;"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r981673959">.mw-parser-output .legend{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .legend-color{display:inline-block;min-width:1.25em;height:1.25em;line-height:1.25;margin:1px 0;text-align:center;border:1px solid black;background-color:transparent;color:black}.mw-parser-output .legend-text{}</style><div class="legend">  Under the control of the <a href="/wiki/House_of_Representatives_(Libya)" title="House of Representatives (Libya)">House of Representatives</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Libyan_National_Army" title="Libyan National Army">Libyan National Army</a> (LNA)</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend">  Under the control of the <a href="/wiki/Government_of_National_Accord" title="Government of National Accord">Government of National Accord</a> (GNA) and different <a href="/wiki/Militia" title="Militia">militias</a> forming the <a href="/wiki/Libya_Shield_Force" title="Libya Shield Force">Libya Shield Force</a></div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend">  Controlled by local forces</div> (For a more detailed map, see <a href="/wiki/Template:Libyan_Civil_War_detailed_map" title="Template:Libyan Civil War detailed map">military situation in the Libyan Civil War</a>)</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="4"><table style="width:100%;margin:0;padding:0;border:0;display:inline-table"><tbody><tr><th style="padding-right:1em">Date</th><td><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Benghazi_(2014)" title="Battle of Benghazi (2014)">16 May 2014</a> – 23 October 2020 (6 years, 5 months and 1 week)</td></tr><tr><th style="padding-right:1em">Location</th><td><div class="location"><a href="/wiki/Libya" title="Libya">Libya</a></div></td></tr><tr><th style="padding-right:1em">Result</th><td class="status"> Ceasefire <ul><li>Permanent ceasefire ratified on 23 October 2020</li> <li>LNA failed to conquer <a href="/wiki/Tripoli,_Libya" title="Tripoli, Libya">Tripoli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Government_of_National_Unity_(Libya)" title="Government of National Unity (Libya)">Government of National Unity</a> formed on 10 March 2021<a href="#cite_note-alj-108">[108]</a></li> <li>Continued <a href="/wiki/Libyan_Crisis_(2011%E2%80%93present)" class="mw-redirect" title="Libyan Crisis (2011–present)">Libyan Crisis</a></li> <li>Libya becomes a <a href="/wiki/Failed_state" title="Failed state">failed state</a>.</li></ul></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><th colspan="4" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;"><a href="/wiki/List_of_armed_groups_in_the_Libyan_Civil_War" class="mw-redirect" title="List of armed groups in the Libyan Civil War">Main belligerents</a></th></tr><tr><td style="width:25%;border-right:1px dotted #aaa;"> <a href="/wiki/Libya" title="Libya"><img alt="Libya" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Libya.svg/23px-Flag_of_Libya.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Libya.svg/35px-Flag_of_Libya.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Libya.svg/46px-Flag_of_Libya.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="960" data-file-height="480" /></a><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Coat_of_arms_of_Libya_Tobruk_Government.svg/16px-Coat_of_arms_of_Libya_Tobruk_Government.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Coat_of_arms_of_Libya_Tobruk_Government.svg/24px-Coat_of_arms_of_Libya_Tobruk_Government.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Coat_of_arms_of_Libya_Tobruk_Government.svg/31px-Coat_of_arms_of_Libya_Tobruk_Government.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="652" data-file-height="624" /> <a href="/wiki/House_of_Representatives_(Libya)" title="House of Representatives (Libya)">House of Representatives</a> (<a href="/wiki/Tobruk" title="Tobruk">Tobruk</a>-based)<a href="#cite_note-peacedeal-1">[1]</a><a href="#cite_note-Times_of_Malta-2">[2]</a> <ul><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Flag_of_The_Libyan_National_Army_%28Variant%29.svg/22px-Flag_of_The_Libyan_National_Army_%28Variant%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Flag_of_The_Libyan_National_Army_%28Variant%29.svg/34px-Flag_of_The_Libyan_National_Army_%28Variant%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Flag_of_The_Libyan_National_Army_%28Variant%29.svg/44px-Flag_of_The_Libyan_National_Army_%28Variant%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="580" data-file-height="400" /> <a href="/wiki/Libyan_National_Army" title="Libyan National Army">Libyan National Army</a><a href="#cite_note-ABC_News-3">[3]</a><a href="#cite_note-Special_forces_join_Libya's_Dignity-4">[4]</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Flag_of_the_Libyan_Air_Force.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Libyan_Air_Force.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Flag_of_the_Libyan_Air_Force.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Libyan_Air_Force.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Flag_of_the_Libyan_Air_Force.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Libyan_Air_Force.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1000" /> <a href="/wiki/Libyan_Air_Force" title="Libyan Air Force">Libyan Air Force</a> (LNA–aligned)</li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Flag_of_the_Libyan_Navy.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Libyan_Navy.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Flag_of_the_Libyan_Navy.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Libyan_Navy.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Flag_of_the_Libyan_Navy.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_Libyan_Navy.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1592" data-file-height="1062" /> <a href="/wiki/Libyan_Navy" title="Libyan Navy">Libyan Navy</a> (LNA–aligned)</li></ul> <div class="collapsible-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="text-align: left;"> <div style="line-height: 1.6em; font-weight: bold;"><div>Others:</div></div> <ul class="mw-collapsible-content" style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; line-height: inherit; list-style: none; margin-left: 0;"><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Zintan_Brigade" class="mw-redirect" title="Zintan Brigade">Zintan brigades</a><a href="#cite_note-Warshefana-Zintanis_seize_Camp_27-5">[5]</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/JEM_Logo_June_2013.jpg/15px-JEM_Logo_June_2013.jpg" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/JEM_Logo_June_2013.jpg/23px-JEM_Logo_June_2013.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/JEM_Logo_June_2013.jpg/30px-JEM_Logo_June_2013.jpg 2x" data-file-width="290" data-file-height="290" /> <a href="/wiki/Justice_and_Equality_Movement" title="Justice and Equality Movement">JEM</a><a href="#cite_note-6">[6]</a> (from 2016)</li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Flag_of_Darfur.svg/23px-Flag_of_Darfur.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Flag_of_Darfur.svg/35px-Flag_of_Darfur.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Flag_of_Darfur.svg/45px-Flag_of_Darfur.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="500" /> <a href="/wiki/Sudan_Liberation_Movement/Army" title="Sudan Liberation Movement/Army">SLM/A-Minnawi</a><a href="#cite_note-7">[7]</a><a href="#cite_note-8">[8]</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Libya" title="Libya"><img alt="Libya" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Flag_of_Libya_%281977%E2%80%932011%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Libya_%281977%E2%80%932011%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Flag_of_Libya_%281977%E2%80%932011%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Libya_%281977%E2%80%932011%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Flag_of_Libya_%281977%E2%80%932011%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Libya_%281977%E2%80%932011%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="500" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Gaddafi_loyalism" title="Gaddafi loyalism">Gaddafi loyalists</a><a href="#cite_note-9">[9]</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Libya" title="Libya"><img alt="Libya" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Flag_of_Libya_%281977%E2%80%932011%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Libya_%281977%E2%80%932011%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Flag_of_Libya_%281977%E2%80%932011%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Libya_%281977%E2%80%932011%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Flag_of_Libya_%281977%E2%80%932011%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Libya_%281977%E2%80%932011%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="500" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Popular_Front_for_the_Liberation_of_Libya" title="Popular Front for the Liberation of Libya">Popular Front for the Liberation of Libya</a></li> <li>Warshefana militias <a href="#cite_note-Warshefana-Zintanis_seize_Camp_27-5">[5]</a><a href="#cite_note-10">[10]</a><a href="#cite_note-libyanexpress.com-11">[11]</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div> <a href="/wiki/File:PMC_Wagner_Center_logo.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/PMC_Wagner_Center_logo.png/20px-PMC_Wagner_Center_logo.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/PMC_Wagner_Center_logo.png/30px-PMC_Wagner_Center_logo.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/PMC_Wagner_Center_logo.png/40px-PMC_Wagner_Center_logo.png 2x" data-file-width="468" data-file-height="468" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Wagner_Group" title="Wagner Group">Wagner Group</a> (from 2018) <a href="#cite_note-12">[12]</a><a href="#cite_note-13">[13]</a><a href="#cite_note-14">[14]</a><a href="#cite_note-15">[15]</a><a href="#cite_note-16">[16]</a> <a href="/wiki/Egypt" title="Egypt"><img alt="Egypt" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_Egypt.svg/23px-Flag_of_Egypt.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_Egypt.svg/35px-Flag_of_Egypt.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_Egypt.svg/45px-Flag_of_Egypt.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Egypt" title="Egypt">Egypt</a><a href="#cite_note-UAE-Egypt-17">[17]</a><a href="#cite_note-18">[18]</a><a href="#cite_note-19">[19]</a> <a href="/wiki/United_Arab_Emirates" title="United Arab Emirates"><img alt="United Arab Emirates" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_United_Arab_Emirates.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_Arab_Emirates.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_United_Arab_Emirates.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_Arab_Emirates.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_United_Arab_Emirates.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_Arab_Emirates.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/United_Arab_Emirates" title="United Arab Emirates">United Arab Emirates</a><a href="#cite_note-UAE-Egypt-17">[17]</a><a href="#cite_note-20">[20]</a><a href="#cite_note-21">[21]</a><a href="#cite_note-22">[22]</a> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Flag_of_Sudan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Sudan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Flag_of_Sudan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Sudan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Flag_of_Sudan.svg/46px-Flag_of_Sudan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Sudan" title="Sudan">Sudan</a> (<a href="/wiki/Rapid_Support_Forces" title="Rapid Support Forces">RSF</a>)<a href="#cite_note-deWaal_Hemeti-23">[23]</a> (from 2019) <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Flag_of_Syria.svg/23px-Flag_of_Syria.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Flag_of_Syria.svg/35px-Flag_of_Syria.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Flag_of_Syria.svg/45px-Flag_of_Syria.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Syria" title="Syria">Syria</a> (2020)<a href="#cite_note-24">[24]</a><a href="#cite_note-25">[25]</a><a href="#cite_note-26">[26]</a> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/InfoboxHez.PNG/23px-InfoboxHez.PNG" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/InfoboxHez.PNG/35px-InfoboxHez.PNG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/InfoboxHez.PNG/45px-InfoboxHez.PNG 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /> <a href="/wiki/Hezbollah" title="Hezbollah">Hezbollah</a> (allegedly, denied by LNA)<a href="#cite_note-The_Iran-Haftar_links_in_Libya-27">[27]</a><a href="#cite_note-aawsat.com-28">[28]</a> <div class="collapsible-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="text-align: left;"> <div style="line-height: 1.6em; font-weight: bold;"><div>Support:</div></div> <ul class="mw-collapsible-content" style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; line-height: inherit; list-style: none; margin-left: 0;"><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia">Russia</a><a href="#cite_note-29">[29]</a><a href="#cite_note-russiahaftar-30">[30]</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/23px-Flag_of_France.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/35px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/45px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/France" title="France">France</a><a href="#cite_note-31">[31]</a><a href="#cite_note-32">[32]</a><a href="#cite_note-33">[33]</a><a href="#cite_note-34">[34]</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Flag_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Flag_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Flag_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Saudi_Arabia" title="Saudi Arabia">Saudi Arabia</a><a href="#cite_note-35">[35]</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Flag_of_Chad.svg/23px-Flag_of_Chad.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Flag_of_Chad.svg/35px-Flag_of_Chad.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Flag_of_Chad.svg/45px-Flag_of_Chad.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Chad" title="Chad">Chad</a><a href="#cite_note-36">[36]</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Flag_of_Jordan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Jordan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Flag_of_Jordan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Jordan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Flag_of_Jordan.svg/46px-Flag_of_Jordan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Jordan" title="Jordan">Jordan</a><a href="#cite_note-37">[37]</a><a href="#cite_note-JordanGNA-38">[38]</a><a href="#cite_note-libyanexpress.com-11">[11]</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Flag_of_Algeria.svg/23px-Flag_of_Algeria.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Flag_of_Algeria.svg/35px-Flag_of_Algeria.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Flag_of_Algeria.svg/45px-Flag_of_Algeria.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Algeria" title="Algeria">Algeria</a><a href="#cite_note-39">[39]</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Flag_of_Belarus.svg/23px-Flag_of_Belarus.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Flag_of_Belarus.svg/35px-Flag_of_Belarus.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Flag_of_Belarus.svg/46px-Flag_of_Belarus.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Belarus" title="Belarus">Belarus</a><a href="#cite_note-40">[40]</a><a href="#cite_note-41">[41]</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Greece.svg/23px-Flag_of_Greece.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Greece.svg/35px-Flag_of_Greece.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Greece.svg/45px-Flag_of_Greece.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /> <a href="/wiki/Greece" title="Greece">Greece</a><a href="#cite_note-42">[42]</a><a href="#cite_note-43">[43]</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Cyprus.svg/23px-Flag_of_Cyprus.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Cyprus.svg/35px-Flag_of_Cyprus.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Cyprus.svg/45px-Flag_of_Cyprus.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /> <a href="/wiki/Cyprus" title="Cyprus">Cyprus</a><a href="#cite_note-44">[44]</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /> <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a><a href="#cite_note-45">[45]</a><a href="#cite_note-46">[46]</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a><a href="#cite_note-47">[47]</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Israel.svg/21px-Flag_of_Israel.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Israel.svg/32px-Flag_of_Israel.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Israel.svg/41px-Flag_of_Israel.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1100" data-file-height="800" /> <a href="/wiki/Israel" title="Israel">Israel</a> (allegedly, denied by LNA)<a href="#cite_note-48">[48]</a><a href="#cite_note-49">[49]</a><a href="#cite_note-50">[50]</a><a href="#cite_note-51">[51]</a><a href="#cite_note-52">[52]</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Flag_of_Iran.svg/23px-Flag_of_Iran.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Flag_of_Iran.svg/35px-Flag_of_Iran.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Flag_of_Iran.svg/46px-Flag_of_Iran.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="630" data-file-height="360" /> <a href="/wiki/Iran" title="Iran">Iran</a> (Israeli claim)<a href="#cite_note-aa.com.tr-53">[53]</a></li></ul> </div></td><td colspan="2" style="width:50%;border-right:1px dotted #aaa;;padding-left:0.25em"> <a href="/wiki/Libya" title="Libya"><img alt="Libya" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Libya.svg/23px-Flag_of_Libya.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Libya.svg/35px-Flag_of_Libya.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Libya.svg/46px-Flag_of_Libya.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="960" data-file-height="480" /></a><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/The_emblem_on_the_passport_of_Libya.svg/21px-The_emblem_on_the_passport_of_Libya.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/The_emblem_on_the_passport_of_Libya.svg/33px-The_emblem_on_the_passport_of_Libya.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/The_emblem_on_the_passport_of_Libya.svg/43px-The_emblem_on_the_passport_of_Libya.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="212" /> <a href="/wiki/Government_of_National_Accord" title="Government of National Accord">Government of National Accord</a> (<a href="/wiki/Tripoli,_Libya" title="Tripoli, Libya">Tripoli</a>-based) (from 2016) <ul><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Flag_of_the_Libyan_Ground_Forces.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Libyan_Ground_Forces.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Flag_of_the_Libyan_Ground_Forces.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Libyan_Ground_Forces.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Flag_of_the_Libyan_Ground_Forces.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_Libyan_Ground_Forces.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1000" /> <a href="/wiki/Libyan_Ground_Forces" class="mw-redirect" title="Libyan Ground Forces">Libyan Ground Forces</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Flag_of_the_Libyan_Air_Force.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Libyan_Air_Force.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Flag_of_the_Libyan_Air_Force.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Libyan_Air_Force.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Flag_of_the_Libyan_Air_Force.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Libyan_Air_Force.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1000" /> <a href="/wiki/Libyan_Air_Force" title="Libyan Air Force">Libyan Air Force</a> (GNA–aligned)</li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Flag_of_the_Libyan_Navy.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Libyan_Navy.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Flag_of_the_Libyan_Navy.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Libyan_Navy.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Flag_of_the_Libyan_Navy.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_Libyan_Navy.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1592" data-file-height="1062" /> <a href="/wiki/Libyan_Navy" title="Libyan Navy">Libyan Navy</a><a href="#cite_note-navy-54">[54]</a> (GNA–aligned)</li></ul> <div class="collapsible-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="text-align: left;"> <div style="line-height: 1.6em; font-weight: bold;"><div>Others:</div></div> <ul class="mw-collapsible-content" style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; line-height: inherit; list-style: none; margin-left: 0;"><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Libyan_Presidential_Guard" title="Libyan Presidential Guard">Presidential Guard</a><a href="#cite_note-Presidential_Guard-55">[55]</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Misrata_Military_Council" title="Misrata Military Council">Misrata Brigades</a><a href="#cite_note-56">[56]</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0">Sabratha Revolutionary Brigades<a href="#cite_note-57">[57]</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Petroleum_Facilities_Guard" title="Petroleum Facilities Guard">Petroleum Facilities Guard</a><a href="#cite_note-58">[58]</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Tripoli_Brigade" title="Tripoli Brigade">Tripoli Brigade</a> (until 2018)</li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Tripoli_Protection_Force" title="Tripoli Protection Force">Tripoli Protection Force</a> (from 2018)</li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0">Misratan Third Force<a href="#cite_note-59">[59]</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Tuareg_militias_of_Ghat" title="Tuareg militias of Ghat">Tuareg militias of Ghat</a><a href="#cite_note-TuaregToubou-60">[60]</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Flag_of_the_Toubou_Front_for_the_Salvation_of_Libya.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Toubou_Front_for_the_Salvation_of_Libya.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Flag_of_the_Toubou_Front_for_the_Salvation_of_Libya.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Toubou_Front_for_the_Salvation_of_Libya.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Flag_of_the_Toubou_Front_for_the_Salvation_of_Libya.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Toubou_Front_for_the_Salvation_of_Libya.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Toubou_Front_for_the_Salvation_of_Libya" title="Toubou Front for the Salvation of Libya">Toubou Front for the Salvation of Libya</a><a href="#cite_note-TuaregToubou-60">[60]</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0">Chadian rebels (<a href="/wiki/Front_for_the_Change_and_Unity_in_Chad" class="mw-redirect" title="Front for the Change and Unity in Chad">FACT</a>,<a href="#cite_note-Aberfoyle_1-61">[61]</a> <a href="/wiki/Military_Command_Council_for_the_Salvation_of_the_Republic" title="Military Command Council for the Salvation of the Republic">CCMSR</a>,<a href="#cite_note-Aberfoyle_1-61">[61]</a> <a href="/wiki/Union_of_Resistance_Forces" title="Union of Resistance Forces">URF</a><a href="#cite_note-crisis_group_1-62">[62]</a> and <a href="/wiki/Union_of_Forces_for_Democracy_and_Development" title="Union of Forces for Democracy and Development">UFDD</a><a href="#cite_note-crisis_group_1-62">[62]</a>)</li></ul> </div> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/23px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/35px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/45px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /> <a href="/wiki/Turkey" title="Turkey">Turkey</a> (<a href="/wiki/2020_Turkish_intervention_in_Libya" class="mw-redirect" title="2020 Turkish intervention in Libya">2020</a>)<a href="#cite_note-63">[63]</a><a href="#cite_note-64">[64]</a><a href="#cite_note-65">[65]</a> <a href="/wiki/Syrian_opposition" title="Syrian opposition"><img alt="Syrian opposition" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Flag_of_the_Syrian_revolution.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Syrian_revolution.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Flag_of_the_Syrian_revolution.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Syrian_revolution.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Flag_of_the_Syrian_revolution.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_Syrian_revolution.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1067" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Syrian_National_Army" title="Syrian National Army">Syrian mercenaries</a> (from 2019)<a href="#cite_note-Xinhuasyrianrebels-66">[66]</a> <a href="/wiki/Yemen" title="Yemen"><img alt="Yemen" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Flag_of_Yemen.svg/23px-Flag_of_Yemen.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Flag_of_Yemen.svg/35px-Flag_of_Yemen.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Flag_of_Yemen.svg/45px-Flag_of_Yemen.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Popular_Resistance_Committees_(Yemen)" title="Popular Resistance Committees (Yemen)">Popular Resistance Committees</a><a href="#cite_note-middleeasteye.net-67">[67]</a><a href="#cite_note-Middle_East_Monitor-68">[68]</a> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Flag_of_Hamas.svg/23px-Flag_of_Hamas.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Flag_of_Hamas.svg/35px-Flag_of_Hamas.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Flag_of_Hamas.svg/46px-Flag_of_Hamas.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1000" /> <a href="/wiki/Hamas" title="Hamas">Hamas</a> (LNA claim, denied by Hamas)<a href="#cite_note-69">[69]</a> <div class="collapsible-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="text-align: left;"> <div style="line-height: 1.6em; font-weight: bold;"><div>Support:</div></div> <ul class="mw-collapsible-content" style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; line-height: inherit; list-style: none; margin-left: 0;"><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Flag_of_Qatar.svg/23px-Flag_of_Qatar.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="9" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Flag_of_Qatar.svg/35px-Flag_of_Qatar.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Flag_of_Qatar.svg/46px-Flag_of_Qatar.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1400" data-file-height="550" /> <a href="/wiki/Qatar" title="Qatar">Qatar</a><a href="#cite_note-Qatar-70">[70]</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Flag_of_Sudan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Sudan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Flag_of_Sudan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Sudan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Flag_of_Sudan.svg/46px-Flag_of_Sudan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Sudan" title="Sudan">Sudan</a><a href="#cite_note-Sudan-71">[71]</a> (until 2019)</li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Flag_of_Pakistan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Pakistan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Flag_of_Pakistan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Pakistan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Flag_of_Pakistan.svg/45px-Flag_of_Pakistan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Pakistan" title="Pakistan">Pakistan</a><a href="#cite_note-72">[72]</a><a href="#cite_note-73">[73]</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Flag_of_Iran.svg/23px-Flag_of_Iran.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Flag_of_Iran.svg/35px-Flag_of_Iran.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Flag_of_Iran.svg/46px-Flag_of_Iran.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="630" data-file-height="360" /> <a href="/wiki/Iran" title="Iran">Iran</a><a href="#cite_note-74">[74]</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Flag_of_Morocco.svg/23px-Flag_of_Morocco.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Flag_of_Morocco.svg/35px-Flag_of_Morocco.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Flag_of_Morocco.svg/45px-Flag_of_Morocco.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Morocco" title="Morocco">Morocco</a><a href="#cite_note-75">[75]</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Malta.svg/23px-Flag_of_Malta.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Malta.svg/35px-Flag_of_Malta.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Malta.svg/45px-Flag_of_Malta.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Malta" title="Malta">Malta</a><a href="#cite_note-timesofmalta2020-07-25-76">[76]</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/23px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/35px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/45px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1000" /> <a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy">Italy</a><a href="#cite_note-auto3-77">[77]</a><a href="#cite_note-78">[78]</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Flag_of_Europe.svg/23px-Flag_of_Europe.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Flag_of_Europe.svg/35px-Flag_of_Europe.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Flag_of_Europe.svg/45px-Flag_of_Europe.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="810" data-file-height="540" /> <a href="/wiki/European_Union" title="European Union">European Union</a><a href="#cite_note-79">[79]</a> (except Greece, Cyprus and France)</li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a><a href="#cite_note-80">[80]</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /> <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a> (until 2019) <a href="#cite_note-81">[81]</a><a href="#cite_note-82">[82]</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Ukraine.svg/23px-Flag_of_Ukraine.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Ukraine.svg/35px-Flag_of_Ukraine.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Ukraine.svg/45px-Flag_of_Ukraine.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /> <a href="/wiki/Ukraine" title="Ukraine">Ukraine</a><a href="#cite_note-newsweek.com-83">[83]</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Flag_of_the_United_Nations.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_Nations.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Flag_of_the_United_Nations.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_Nations.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Flag_of_the_United_Nations.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_United_Nations.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /> <a href="/wiki/United_Nations" title="United Nations">United Nations</a></li></ul> </div> <hr /> <a href="/wiki/Libya" title="Libya"><img alt="Libya" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Libya.svg/23px-Flag_of_Libya.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Libya.svg/35px-Flag_of_Libya.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Libya.svg/46px-Flag_of_Libya.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="960" data-file-height="480" /></a> <a href="/wiki/National_Salvation_Government" title="National Salvation Government">National Salvation Government</a> (2014–2016)<a href="#cite_note-84">[84]</a><a href="#cite_note-85">[85]</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/File:Libya_Shield_Force.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Libya_Shield_Force.png/20px-Libya_Shield_Force.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Libya_Shield_Force.png/30px-Libya_Shield_Force.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Libya_Shield_Force.png/40px-Libya_Shield_Force.png 2x" data-file-width="480" data-file-height="480" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Libya_Shield_Force" title="Libya Shield Force">Libya Shield Force</a><a href="#cite_note-dawn-86">[86]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Libya_Revolutionaries_Operations_Room" title="Libya Revolutionaries Operations Room">LROR</a><a href="#cite_note-dawn-86">[86]</a></li> <li>Libyan National Guard<a href="#cite_note-Aziziya_Clashes-87">[87]</a><a href="#cite_note-88">[88]</a><a href="#cite_note-89">[89]</a></li></ul> <div class="collapsible-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="text-align: left;"> <div style="line-height: 1.6em; font-weight: bold;"><div>Support:</div></div> <ul class="mw-collapsible-content" style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; line-height: inherit; list-style: none; margin-left: 0;"><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Flag_of_Sudan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Sudan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Flag_of_Sudan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Sudan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Flag_of_Sudan.svg/46px-Flag_of_Sudan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Sudan" title="Sudan">Sudan</a> (2014–16)<a href="#cite_note-90">[90]</a><a href="#cite_note-Sudan-71">[71]</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/23px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/35px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/45px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /> <a href="/wiki/Turkey" title="Turkey">Turkey</a> (2014–16)<a href="#cite_note-egyptuae-91">[91]</a><a href="#cite_note-Turkey-92">[92]</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Flag_of_Qatar.svg/23px-Flag_of_Qatar.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="9" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Flag_of_Qatar.svg/35px-Flag_of_Qatar.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Flag_of_Qatar.svg/46px-Flag_of_Qatar.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1400" data-file-height="550" /> <a href="/wiki/Qatar" title="Qatar">Qatar</a> (2014–16)<a href="#cite_note-egyptuae-91">[91]</a><a href="#cite_note-Qatar-70">[70]</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Flag_of_Iran.svg/23px-Flag_of_Iran.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Flag_of_Iran.svg/35px-Flag_of_Iran.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Flag_of_Iran.svg/46px-Flag_of_Iran.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="630" data-file-height="360" /> <a href="/wiki/Iran" title="Iran">Iran</a><a href="#cite_note-93">[93]</a> (allegedly)</li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Ukraine.svg/23px-Flag_of_Ukraine.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Ukraine.svg/35px-Flag_of_Ukraine.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Ukraine.svg/45px-Flag_of_Ukraine.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /> <a href="/wiki/Ukraine" title="Ukraine">Ukraine</a><a href="#cite_note-newsweek.com-83">[83]</a></li></ul> </div></td><td style="width:25%;padding-left:0.25em"> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Islamic_State_flag.svg/20px-Islamic_State_flag.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Islamic_State_flag.svg/31px-Islamic_State_flag.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Islamic_State_flag.svg/40px-Islamic_State_flag.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="750" /> <a href="/wiki/Islamic_State" title="Islamic State">Islamic State</a> (from 2014)<a href="#cite_note-Derna-94">[94]</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_State_of_Iraq_and_the_Levant_in_Libya" class="mw-redirect" title="Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant in Libya">Wilayat Barqa</a><a href="#cite_note-spiegel.de-95">[95]</a><a href="#cite_note-ISIS_comes_to_Libya-96">[96]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_State_of_Iraq_and_the_Levant_in_Libya" class="mw-redirect" title="Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant in Libya">Wilayat Tarabulus</a><a href="#cite_note-nytimes14feb15-97">[97]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_State_of_Iraq_and_the_Levant_in_Libya" class="mw-redirect" title="Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant in Libya">Wilayat Fezzan</a><a href="#cite_note-nytimes14feb15-97">[97]</a></li></ul> <div class="collapsible-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="text-align: left;"> <div style="line-height: 1.6em; font-weight: bold;"><div>Support:</div></div> <ul class="mw-collapsible-content" style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; line-height: inherit; list-style: none; margin-left: 0;"><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Islamic_State_flag.svg/20px-Islamic_State_flag.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Islamic_State_flag.svg/31px-Islamic_State_flag.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Islamic_State_flag.svg/40px-Islamic_State_flag.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="750" /> <a href="/wiki/Al-Qaeda_in_the_Islamic_Maghreb" title="Al-Qaeda in the Islamic Maghreb">AQIM</a> (2014–2015;<a href="#cite_note-Stanford-98">[98]</a><a href="#cite_note-99">[99]</a> alleged in 2016<a href="#cite_note-100">[100]</a>)</li></ul> </div> <hr /> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Flag_of_Jihad.svg/23px-Flag_of_Jihad.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Flag_of_Jihad.svg/35px-Flag_of_Jihad.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Flag_of_Jihad.svg/46px-Flag_of_Jihad.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="500" /> <a href="/wiki/Shura_Council_of_Benghazi_Revolutionaries" title="Shura Council of Benghazi Revolutionaries">Shura Council of Benghazi Revolutionaries</a> (2014–2017)<a href="#cite_note-101">[101]</a><a href="#cite_note-102">[102]</a> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Islamic_State_flag.svg/20px-Islamic_State_flag.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Islamic_State_flag.svg/31px-Islamic_State_flag.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Islamic_State_flag.svg/40px-Islamic_State_flag.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="750" /> <a href="/wiki/Al-Qaeda_in_the_Islamic_Maghreb" title="Al-Qaeda in the Islamic Maghreb">al-Qaeda in the Islamic Maghreb</a> (2014–2017)<a href="#cite_note-longwarjournal1-103">[103]</a> <div class="collapsible-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="text-align: left;"> <div style="line-height: 1.6em; font-weight: bold;"><div>SCBR militia:</div></div> <ul class="mw-collapsible-content" style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; line-height: inherit; list-style: none; margin-left: 0;"><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/Flag_of_Ansar_al-Sharia_%28Libya%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Ansar_al-Sharia_%28Libya%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/Flag_of_Ansar_al-Sharia_%28Libya%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Ansar_al-Sharia_%28Libya%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/Flag_of_Ansar_al-Sharia_%28Libya%29.svg/45px-Flag_of_Ansar_al-Sharia_%28Libya%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1000" /> <a href="/wiki/Ansar_al-Sharia_(Libya)" title="Ansar al-Sharia (Libya)">Ansar al-Sharia</a> (2014–2017)<a href="#cite_note-104">[104]</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Libya_Shield_1" title="Libya Shield 1">Libya Shield 1</a> (2014–16)</li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/February_17th_Martyrs_Brigade" title="February 17th Martyrs Brigade">February 17th Martyrs Brigade</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Rafallah_al-Sahati_Brigade" title="Rafallah al-Sahati Brigade">Rafallah al-Sahati Brigade</a></li></ul> </div> <div class="collapsible-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="text-align: left;"> <div style="line-height: 1.6em; font-weight: bold;"><div>Others:</div></div> <ul class="mw-collapsible-content" style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; line-height: inherit; list-style: none; margin-left: 0;"><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Flag_of_Jihad.svg/23px-Flag_of_Jihad.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Flag_of_Jihad.svg/35px-Flag_of_Jihad.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Flag_of_Jihad.svg/46px-Flag_of_Jihad.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="500" /> <a href="/wiki/Shura_Council_of_Mujahideen_in_Derna" title="Shura Council of Mujahideen in Derna">Shura Council of Mujahideen in Derna</a> (2014–18)</li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Ansar_al-Sharia_(Derna,_Libya)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ansar al-Sharia (Derna, Libya)">Ansar al-Sharia (Derna)</a> (2014–18)</li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Abu_Salim_Martyrs_Brigade" title="Abu Salim Martyrs Brigade">Abu Salim Martyrs</a> (2014–15)</li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Libya" title="Libya"><img alt="Libya" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Libya.svg/23px-Flag_of_Libya.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Libya.svg/35px-Flag_of_Libya.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Libya.svg/46px-Flag_of_Libya.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="960" data-file-height="480" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Benghazi_Defense_Brigades" class="mw-redirect" title="Benghazi Defense Brigades">Benghazi Defense Brigades</a><a href="#cite_note-105">[105]</a><a href="#cite_note-106">[106]</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Variant_flag_of_the_Islamic_State.svg/20px-Variant_flag_of_the_Islamic_State.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Variant_flag_of_the_Islamic_State.svg/31px-Variant_flag_of_the_Islamic_State.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Variant_flag_of_the_Islamic_State.svg/40px-Variant_flag_of_the_Islamic_State.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="750" /> <a href="/wiki/Ajdabiya_Revolutionaries_Shura_Council" title="Ajdabiya Revolutionaries Shura Council">Ajdabiya Revolutionaries Shura Council</a> (2015–16)<a href="#cite_note-107">[107]</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Libya" title="Libya"><img alt="Libya" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Libya.svg/23px-Flag_of_Libya.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Libya.svg/35px-Flag_of_Libya.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Libya.svg/46px-Flag_of_Libya.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="960" data-file-height="480" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Derna_Protection_Force" title="Derna Protection Force">Derna Protection Force</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="4" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Commanders and leaders</th></tr><tr><td style="width:25%;border-right:1px dotted #aaa;"> <a href="/wiki/Libya" title="Libya"><img alt="Libya" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Libya.svg/23px-Flag_of_Libya.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Libya.svg/35px-Flag_of_Libya.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Libya.svg/46px-Flag_of_Libya.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="960" data-file-height="480" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Aguila_Saleh_Issa" title="Aguila Saleh Issa">Aguila Saleh Issa</a> (President of <a href="/wiki/House_of_Representatives_(Libya)" title="House of Representatives (Libya)">House of Representatives</a>) <a href="/wiki/Libya" title="Libya"><img alt="Libya" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Libya.svg/23px-Flag_of_Libya.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Libya.svg/35px-Flag_of_Libya.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Libya.svg/46px-Flag_of_Libya.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="960" data-file-height="480" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Abdullah_al-Thani" class="mw-redirect" title="Abdullah al-Thani">Abdullah al-Thani</a> (<a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister" class="mw-redirect" title="Prime Minister">Prime Minister</a>)<a href="#cite_note-109">[109]</a> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Flag_of_The_Libyan_National_Army_%28Variant%29.svg/22px-Flag_of_The_Libyan_National_Army_%28Variant%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Flag_of_The_Libyan_National_Army_%28Variant%29.svg/34px-Flag_of_The_Libyan_National_Army_%28Variant%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Flag_of_The_Libyan_National_Army_%28Variant%29.svg/44px-Flag_of_The_Libyan_National_Army_%28Variant%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="580" data-file-height="400" /> <a href="/wiki/Khalifa_Haftar" title="Khalifa Haftar">Khalifa Haftar</a> (High Commander of the <a href="/wiki/Libyan_National_Army" title="Libyan National Army">LNA</a>) <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Flag_of_The_Libyan_National_Army_%28Variant%29.svg/22px-Flag_of_The_Libyan_National_Army_%28Variant%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Flag_of_The_Libyan_National_Army_%28Variant%29.svg/34px-Flag_of_The_Libyan_National_Army_%28Variant%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Flag_of_The_Libyan_National_Army_%28Variant%29.svg/44px-Flag_of_The_Libyan_National_Army_%28Variant%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="580" data-file-height="400" /> <a href="/wiki/Abdulrazek_al-Nadoori" title="Abdulrazek al-Nadoori">Abdulrazek al-Nadoori</a> (Chief of the General Staff of the <a href="/wiki/Libyan_National_Army" title="Libyan National Army">LNA</a>) <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Libyan_Special_Forces_Emblem.svg/13px-Libyan_Special_Forces_Emblem.svg.png" decoding="async" width="13" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Libyan_Special_Forces_Emblem.svg/20px-Libyan_Special_Forces_Emblem.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Libyan_Special_Forces_Emblem.svg/26px-Libyan_Special_Forces_Emblem.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="343" data-file-height="401" /> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Wanis_Abu_Khamada&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Wanis Abu Khamada (page does not exist)">Wanis Abu Khamada</a> (Commander of <a href="/wiki/Libyan_Special_Forces" title="Libyan Special Forces">Libyan Special Forces</a>) <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Flag_of_the_Libyan_Ground_Forces.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Libyan_Ground_Forces.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Flag_of_the_Libyan_Ground_Forces.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Libyan_Ground_Forces.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Flag_of_the_Libyan_Ground_Forces.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Libyan_Ground_Forces.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1000" /> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Almabrook_Suhban&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Almabrook Suhban (page does not exist)">Almabrook Suhban</a> (Chief of Staff of the <a href="/wiki/Libyan_Ground_Forces" class="mw-redirect" title="Libyan Ground Forces">Libyan Ground Forces</a>) <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Flag_of_the_Libyan_Air_Force.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Libyan_Air_Force.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Flag_of_the_Libyan_Air_Force.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Libyan_Air_Force.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Flag_of_the_Libyan_Air_Force.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Libyan_Air_Force.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1000" /> <a href="/wiki/Saqr_Geroushi" title="Saqr Geroushi">Saqr Geroushi</a> (Chief of Staff of the <a href="/wiki/Libyan_Air_Force" title="Libyan Air Force">Libyan Air Force</a>) (LNA-aligned) <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Flag_of_the_Libyan_Navy.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Libyan_Navy.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Flag_of_the_Libyan_Navy.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Libyan_Navy.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Flag_of_the_Libyan_Navy.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Libyan_Navy.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1592" data-file-height="1062" /> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Faraj_al-Mahdawi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Faraj al-Mahdawi (page does not exist)">Faraj al-Mahdawi</a> (Chief of Staff of the <a href="/wiki/Libyan_Navy" title="Libyan Navy">Libyan Navy</a>) (LNA-aligned) <a href="/wiki/Libya" title="Libya"><img alt="Libya" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Flag_of_Libya_%281977%E2%80%932011%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Libya_%281977%E2%80%932011%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Flag_of_Libya_%281977%E2%80%932011%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Libya_%281977%E2%80%932011%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Flag_of_Libya_%281977%E2%80%932011%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Libya_%281977%E2%80%932011%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="500" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Saif_al-Islam_Gaddafi" title="Saif al-Islam Gaddafi">Saif al-Islam Gaddafi</a> (Candidate for President of Libya) <a href="/wiki/Libya" title="Libya"><img alt="Libya" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Flag_of_Libya_%281977%E2%80%932011%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Libya_%281977%E2%80%932011%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Flag_of_Libya_%281977%E2%80%932011%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Libya_%281977%E2%80%932011%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Flag_of_Libya_%281977%E2%80%932011%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Libya_%281977%E2%80%932011%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="500" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Tayeb_El-Safi" title="Tayeb El-Safi">Tayeb El-Safi</a> (leader of <a href="/wiki/Libyan_Popular_National_Movement" title="Libyan Popular National Movement">Libyan Popular National Movement</a>) <a href="/w/index.php?title=Aladdin_Meier&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Aladdin Meier (page does not exist)">Aladdin Meier</a> (political secretary)</td><td colspan="2" style="width:50%;border-right:1px dotted #aaa;;padding-left:0.25em"> <a href="/wiki/Libya" title="Libya"><img alt="Libya" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Libya.svg/23px-Flag_of_Libya.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Libya.svg/35px-Flag_of_Libya.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Libya.svg/46px-Flag_of_Libya.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="960" data-file-height="480" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Fayez_al-Sarraj" title="Fayez al-Sarraj">Fayez al-Sarraj</a> (Chairman of the Presidential Council and Prime minister) <a href="/wiki/Libya" title="Libya"><img alt="Libya" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Libya.svg/23px-Flag_of_Libya.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Libya.svg/35px-Flag_of_Libya.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Libya.svg/46px-Flag_of_Libya.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="960" data-file-height="480" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Fathi_Bashagha" title="Fathi Bashagha">Fathi Bashagha</a> (Minister of Interior) <a href="/wiki/Libya" title="Libya"><img alt="Libya" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Libya.svg/23px-Flag_of_Libya.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Libya.svg/35px-Flag_of_Libya.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Libya.svg/46px-Flag_of_Libya.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="960" data-file-height="480" /></a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Salah_Eddine_al-Namrush&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Salah Eddine al-Namrush (page does not exist)">Salah Eddine al-Namrush</a> (Minister of Defence) <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Flag_of_the_Libyan_National_Army.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Libyan_National_Army.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Flag_of_the_Libyan_National_Army.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Libyan_National_Army.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Flag_of_the_Libyan_National_Army.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Libyan_National_Army.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1000" /> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Mohammad_Ali_al-Haddad&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mohammad Ali al-Haddad (page does not exist)">Mohammad Ali al-Haddad</a> (Chief of the General Staff of the <a href="/wiki/Libyan_Armed_Forces" title="Libyan Armed Forces">Libyan Army</a>) <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Flag_of_the_Libyan_Navy.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Libyan_Navy.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Flag_of_the_Libyan_Navy.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Libyan_Navy.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Flag_of_the_Libyan_Navy.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Libyan_Navy.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1592" data-file-height="1062" /> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Abdul_Hakim_Abu_Hawliyeh&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Abdul Hakim Abu Hawliyeh (page does not exist)">Abdul Hakim Abu Hawliyeh</a> (Chief of the <a href="/wiki/Libyan_Navy" title="Libyan Navy">Libyan Navy</a>) (GNA-aligned) <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Flag_of_the_Libyan_Navy.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Libyan_Navy.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Flag_of_the_Libyan_Navy.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Libyan_Navy.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Flag_of_the_Libyan_Navy.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Libyan_Navy.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1592" data-file-height="1062" /> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Rida_Issa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rida Issa (page does not exist)">Rida Issa</a> (Commander of Libyan Navy) (GNA-aligned) <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Flag_of_the_Libyan_National_Army.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Libyan_National_Army.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Flag_of_the_Libyan_National_Army.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Libyan_National_Army.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Flag_of_the_Libyan_National_Army.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Libyan_National_Army.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1000" /> <a href="/wiki/Osama_Juwaili" class="mw-redirect" title="Osama Juwaili">Osama Juwaili</a> (Commander of the Western Military Zone) <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Flag_of_the_Libyan_National_Army.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Libyan_National_Army.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Flag_of_the_Libyan_National_Army.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Libyan_National_Army.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Flag_of_the_Libyan_National_Army.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Libyan_National_Army.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1000" /> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Abubaker_Marwan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Abubaker Marwan (page does not exist)">Abubaker Marwan</a> (Commander of Tripoli Military Zone) <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Flag_of_the_Libyan_National_Army.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Libyan_National_Army.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Flag_of_the_Libyan_National_Army.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Libyan_National_Army.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Flag_of_the_Libyan_National_Army.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Libyan_National_Army.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1000" /> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Mohamed_Elhadad&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mohamed Elhadad (page does not exist)">Mohamed Elhadad</a> (Commander of the Central Military Zone) <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Flag_of_the_Libyan_National_Army.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Libyan_National_Army.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Flag_of_the_Libyan_National_Army.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Libyan_National_Army.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Flag_of_the_Libyan_National_Army.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Libyan_National_Army.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1000" /> <a href="/wiki/Ali_Kanna" title="Ali Kanna">Ali Kanna</a> (Commander of the Southern Military Zone) <hr /> <a href="/wiki/Libya" title="Libya"><img alt="Libya" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Libya.svg/23px-Flag_of_Libya.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Libya.svg/35px-Flag_of_Libya.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Libya.svg/46px-Flag_of_Libya.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="960" data-file-height="480" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Nouri_Abusahmain" title="Nouri Abusahmain">Nouri Abusahmain</a> (2014–16) (President of the <a href="/wiki/General_National_Congress_(2014)" class="mw-redirect" title="General National Congress (2014)">GNC</a>) <a href="/wiki/Libya" title="Libya"><img alt="Libya" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Libya.svg/23px-Flag_of_Libya.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Libya.svg/35px-Flag_of_Libya.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Libya.svg/46px-Flag_of_Libya.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="960" data-file-height="480" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Khalifa_al-Ghawil" title="Khalifa al-Ghawil">Khalifa al-Ghawil</a> (2015–2017) (<a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister" class="mw-redirect" title="Prime Minister">Prime Minister</a>)<a href="#cite_note-110">[110]</a> <a href="/wiki/Libya" title="Libya"><img alt="Libya" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Libya.svg/23px-Flag_of_Libya.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Libya.svg/35px-Flag_of_Libya.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Libya.svg/46px-Flag_of_Libya.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="960" data-file-height="480" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Sadiq_Al-Ghariani" title="Sadiq Al-Ghariani">Sadiq Al-Ghariani</a> (<a href="/wiki/Grand_Mufti" title="Grand Mufti">Grand Mufti</a>)</td><td style="width:25%;padding-left:0.25em"> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Islamic_State_flag.svg/20px-Islamic_State_flag.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Islamic_State_flag.svg/31px-Islamic_State_flag.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Islamic_State_flag.svg/40px-Islamic_State_flag.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="750" /> <a href="/wiki/Abu_Nabil_al-Anbari" title="Abu Nabil al-Anbari">Abu Nabil al-Anbari</a> <a href="/wiki/Killed_in_action" title="Killed in action">†</a> (Top ISIL leader in Libya)<a href="#cite_note-111">[111]</a><a href="#cite_note-defense-112">[112]</a> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Islamic_State_flag.svg/20px-Islamic_State_flag.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Islamic_State_flag.svg/31px-Islamic_State_flag.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Islamic_State_flag.svg/40px-Islamic_State_flag.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="750" /> Abu Hudhayfah al-Muhajir<a href="#cite_note-113">[113]</a> (ISIL governor of Wilayat Tripolitania) <hr /> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/Flag_of_Ansar_al-Sharia_%28Libya%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Ansar_al-Sharia_%28Libya%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/Flag_of_Ansar_al-Sharia_%28Libya%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Ansar_al-Sharia_%28Libya%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/Flag_of_Ansar_al-Sharia_%28Libya%29.svg/45px-Flag_of_Ansar_al-Sharia_%28Libya%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1000" /> Abu Khalid al Madani <a href="/wiki/Killed_in_action" title="Killed in action">†</a> (Ansar al-Sharia Leader)<a href="#cite_note-114">[114]</a> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Flag_of_Jihad.svg/23px-Flag_of_Jihad.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Flag_of_Jihad.svg/35px-Flag_of_Jihad.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Flag_of_Jihad.svg/46px-Flag_of_Jihad.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="500" /> <a href="/wiki/Mokhtar_Belmokhtar" title="Mokhtar Belmokhtar">Mokhtar Belmokhtar</a> (Commander of <a href="/wiki/Al-Mourabitoun_(jihadist_group)" class="mw-redirect" title="Al-Mourabitoun (jihadist group)">Al-Mourabitoun</a>, believed dead)<a href="#cite_note-115">[115]</a> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Flag_of_Jihad.svg/23px-Flag_of_Jihad.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Flag_of_Jihad.svg/35px-Flag_of_Jihad.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Flag_of_Jihad.svg/46px-Flag_of_Jihad.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="500" /> Musa Abu Dawud <a href="/wiki/Killed_in_action" title="Killed in action">†</a> (AQIM southern Zone commander)<a href="#cite_note-longwarjournal1-103">[103]</a> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/Flag_of_Ansar_al-Sharia_%28Libya%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Ansar_al-Sharia_%28Libya%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/Flag_of_Ansar_al-Sharia_%28Libya%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Ansar_al-Sharia_%28Libya%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/Flag_of_Ansar_al-Sharia_%28Libya%29.svg/45px-Flag_of_Ansar_al-Sharia_%28Libya%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1000" /> Mohamed al-Zahawi <a href="/wiki/Killed_in_action" title="Killed in action">†</a><a href="#cite_note-al-Zahawi-116">[116]</a> (Former Ansar al-Sharia Leader) <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Flag_of_Jihad.svg/23px-Flag_of_Jihad.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Flag_of_Jihad.svg/35px-Flag_of_Jihad.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Flag_of_Jihad.svg/46px-Flag_of_Jihad.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="500" /> <a href="/wiki/Ateyah_Al-Shaari" title="Ateyah Al-Shaari">Ateyah Al-Shaari</a> <a href="/wiki/Shura_Council_of_Mujahideen_in_Derna" title="Shura Council of Mujahideen in Derna">DMSC</a> / <a href="/wiki/Derna_Protection_Force" title="Derna Protection Force">DPF</a> leader <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Flag_of_Jihad.svg/23px-Flag_of_Jihad.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Flag_of_Jihad.svg/35px-Flag_of_Jihad.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Flag_of_Jihad.svg/46px-Flag_of_Jihad.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="500" /> Wissam Ben Hamid <a href="/wiki/Killed_in_action" title="Killed in action">†</a><a href="#cite_note-117">[117]</a> (Libya Shield 1 Commander) <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Flag_of_Jihad.svg/23px-Flag_of_Jihad.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Flag_of_Jihad.svg/35px-Flag_of_Jihad.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Flag_of_Jihad.svg/46px-Flag_of_Jihad.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="500" /> Salim Derby <a href="/wiki/Killed_in_action" title="Killed in action">†</a> (Commander of <a href="/wiki/Abu_Salim_Martyrs_Brigade" title="Abu Salim Martyrs Brigade">Abu Salim Martyrs Brigade</a>)<a href="#cite_note-118">[118]</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="4" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Casualties and losses</th></tr><tr><td colspan="4" style="text-align:center"> 14,882+ killed (2014–2018, 2019–2020, incomplete)<a href="#cite_note-Body_Count-119">[119]</a><a href="#cite_note-120">[120]</a><a href="#cite_note-121">[121]</a><a href="#cite_note-casualties-122">[122]</a><a 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style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini 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style="color:inherit">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Campaignbox_2014%E2%80%932020_Libyan_Civil_War" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Campaignbox 2014–2020 Libyan Civil War"><abbr title="Edit this template" style="color:inherit">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Libyan_civil_war_(2014–2020)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Libyan civil war (2014–2020)</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2014_Libyan_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat_attempts" class="mw-redirect" title="2014 Libyan coup d'état attempts">2014s coups</a></li></ul> Islamist conflict with Libyan National Army <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Benghazi_(2014)" title="Battle of Benghazi (2014)">1st Benghazi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Benina_Airport" title="Battle of Benina Airport">Benina Airport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Benghazi_(2014%E2%80%932017)" title="Battle of Benghazi (2014–2017)">2nd Benghazi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Derna" title="Siege of Derna">2nd Derna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Derna_(2018%E2%80%932019)" title="Battle of Derna (2018–2019)">4th Derna</a></li></ul> ISIL and anti-ISIL operations <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Kikla_(2014)" title="Battle of Kikla (2014)">Kikla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Derna_campaign_(2014%E2%80%932016)" title="Derna campaign (2014–2016)">1st Derna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fall_of_Nofaliya_(2015)" title="Fall of Nofaliya (2015)">Nofaliya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_2015_Egyptian_airstrikes_in_Libya" title="February 2015 Egyptian airstrikes in Libya">Egyptian airstrikes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Sirte_(2015)" title="Battle of Sirte (2015)">1st Sirte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fall_of_Bin_Jawad_(2016)" title="Fall of Bin Jawad (2016)">Bin Jawad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Misrata_ambush" title="Misrata ambush">Misrata</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Sirte_(2016)" title="Battle of Sirte (2016)">2nd Sirte</a></li></ul> Factional fighting <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Tripoli_Airport" title="Battle of Tripoli Airport">Tripoli Airport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ubari_conflict" title="Ubari conflict">Ubari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Traghan" title="Battle of Traghan">Traghan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_Libya_clashes_(2016%E2%80%932018)" title="Western Libya clashes (2016–2018)">West Libya</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Tripoli_(2018)" title="Battle of Tripoli (2018)">1st Tripoli</a></li></ul></li></ul> LNA vs GNA <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gulf_of_Sidra_Offensive_(2017)" title="Gulf of Sidra Offensive (2017)">Gulf of Sidra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brak_al-Shati_Airbase_raid" title="Brak al-Shati Airbase raid">Brak al-Shati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gulf_of_Sidra_Offensive_(2018)" title="Gulf of Sidra Offensive (2018)">2nd Gulf of Sidra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Saddada_Castle" title="Battle of Saddada Castle">Saddada Castle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southern_Libya_offensive" title="Southern Libya offensive">Southern Libya</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Sabha_(2019)" title="Battle of Sabha (2019)">Sabha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2019_Murzuq_airstrike" title="2019 Murzuq airstrike">Murzuq</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_Libya_campaign" title="Western Libya campaign">Western Libya</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Gharyan_(2019)" title="Battle of Gharyan (2019)">Gharyan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Volcano_of_Rage" title="Operation Volcano of Rage">Volcano of Rage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2019_Tajoura_migrant_center_airstrike" title="2019 Tajoura migrant center airstrike">Tajoura</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2019_Misrata_airstrike" title="2019 Misrata airstrike">Misrata</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2019_Zuwarah_airstrike" title="2019 Zuwarah airstrike">Zuwarah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tripoli_military_school_airstrike" title="Tripoli military school airstrike">Tripoli military school</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Sirte_(2020)" title="Battle of Sirte (2020)">3rd Sirte</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_Libya_offensive" title="Central Libya offensive">Central Libya</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Al-Watiya_Airbase" title="Battle of Al-Watiya Airbase">al-Watiya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2020_Al-Watiya_airstrike" title="2020 Al-Watiya airstrike">al-Watiya airstrike</a></li></ul></li></ul> Terror attacks <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2015_kidnapping_and_beheading_of_Copts_in_Libya" title="2015 kidnapping and beheading of Copts in Libya">Kidnapping of Copts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2015_Corinthia_Hotel_attack" title="2015 Corinthia Hotel attack">Corinthia Hotel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al_Qubbah_bombings" title="Al Qubbah bombings">Al Qubbah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zliten_truck_bombing" title="Zliten truck bombing">Zliten truck bombing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Afriqiyah_Airways_Flight_209" title="Afriqiyah Airways Flight 209">Flight 209</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2018_Minya_bus_attack" title="2018 Minya bus attack">3rd Derna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_2018_Benghazi_bombing" title="January 2018 Benghazi bombing">Benghazi car bombing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_2018_Benghazi_bombing" title="February 2018 Benghazi bombing">Benghazi bombing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2018_attack_on_the_High_National_Elections_Commission_in_Tripoli,_Libya" title="2018 attack on the High National Elections Commission in Tripoli, Libya">Tripoli attack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2018_National_Oil_Corporation_attack" title="2018 National Oil Corporation attack">NOC attack</a></li></ul> Foreign involvement <ul><li><a href="/wiki/American_intervention_in_Libya_(2015%E2%80%93present)" class="mw-redirect" title="American intervention in Libya (2015–present)">American intervention</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkish_military_intervention_in_the_Second_Libyan_Civil_War" class="mw-redirect" title="Turkish military intervention in the Second Libyan Civil War">Turkish intervention</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Egyptian_involvement_in_the_Second_Libyan_Civil_War" class="mw-redirect" title="Egyptian involvement in the Second Libyan Civil War">Egyptian intervention</a></li></ul> Peace Process <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Palermo_Conference" title="Palermo Conference">Palermo Conference</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Libyan_peace_process" title="Libyan peace process">Libyan peace process</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><div><a href="/wiki/Libyan_peace_process" title="Libyan peace process">Libyan peace process</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Libyan_Crisis" style="margin:0;float:right;clear:right;width:25.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;margin-left:1em;;padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks navbox-vertical mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Campaignbox_Libyan_Crisis_(2011%E2%80%93present)" title="Template:Campaignbox Libyan Crisis (2011–present)"><abbr title="View this template" style="color:inherit">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Campaignbox_Libyan_Crisis_(2011%E2%80%93present)" title="Template talk:Campaignbox Libyan Crisis (2011–present)"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style="color:inherit">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Campaignbox_Libyan_Crisis_(2011%E2%80%93present)" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Campaignbox Libyan Crisis (2011–present)"><abbr title="Edit this template" style="color:inherit">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Libyan_Crisis" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Libyan_Crisis_(2011%E2%80%93present)" class="mw-redirect" title="Libyan Crisis (2011–present)">Libyan Crisis</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/First_Libyan_Civil_War" class="mw-redirect" title="First Libyan Civil War">First Civil War</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aftermath_of_the_2011_Libyan_Civil_War" class="mw-redirect" title="Aftermath of the 2011 Libyan Civil War">Aftermath</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Factional_violence_in_Libya_(2011%E2%80%932014)" title="Factional violence in Libya (2011–2014)">Factional violence (2011–2014)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Airstrikes_in_Libya_since_the_beginning_of_the_Libyan_Crisis" title="Airstrikes in Libya since the beginning of the Libyan Crisis">Airstrikes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Libyan_Civil_War" class="mw-redirect" title="Second Libyan Civil War">Second Civil War</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Libyan_peace_process" title="Libyan peace process">Libyan peace process</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Refugees_of_Libya" class="mw-redirect" title="Refugees of Libya">Refugees of Libya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Libya" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Libya">COVID-19 pandemic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2020_Libyan_protests" title="2020 Libyan protests">2020 Libyan protests</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2022_Tripoli_clashes" title="2022 Tripoli clashes">2022 Tripoli clashes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2023_Tripoli_clashes" title="2023 Tripoli clashes">2023 Tripoli clashes</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></div> The Libyan civil war (2014–2020), also known as the Second Libyan Civil War, was a multilateral civil war which was fought in <a href="/wiki/Libya" title="Libya">Libya</a> among a number of armed groups, but mainly the <a href="/wiki/House_of_Representatives_(Libya)" title="House of Representatives (Libya)">House of Representatives</a> (HoR) and the <a href="/wiki/Government_of_National_Accord" title="Government of National Accord">Government of National Accord</a> (GNA), for six years from 2014 to 2020.<a href="#cite_note-124">[124]</a> The <a href="/wiki/General_National_Congress" title="General National Congress">General National Congress</a> (GNC), based in western Libya and backed by various militias with some support from <a href="/wiki/Qatar" title="Qatar">Qatar</a> and <a href="/wiki/Turkey" title="Turkey">Turkey</a>,<a href="#cite_note-guardianbriefing-125">[125]</a><a href="#cite_note-126">[126]</a><a href="#cite_note-127">[127]</a><a href="#cite_note-128">[128]</a>[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources#Bundling_citations" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">excessive citations</a>] initially accepted the results of the 2014 election, but rejected them after the Supreme Constitutional Court nullified an amendment regarding the roadmap for Libya's transition and HoR elections.<a href="/wiki/House_of_Representatives_(Libya)#cite_note-:0-13" title="House of Representatives (Libya)">[13]</a> The House of Representatives (or Council of Deputies) is in control of eastern and central Libya and has the loyalty of the <a href="/wiki/Libyan_National_Army" title="Libyan National Army">Libyan National Army</a> (LNA), and has been supported by airstrikes by <a href="/wiki/Egypt" title="Egypt">Egypt</a> and the <a href="/wiki/United_Arab_Emirates" title="United Arab Emirates">UAE</a>.<a href="#cite_note-guardianbriefing-125">[125]</a> Due to controversy about constitutional amendments, HoR refused to take office from GNC in Tripoli,<a href="#cite_note-129">[129]</a> which was controlled by armed Islamist groups from <a href="/wiki/Misrata" title="Misrata">Misrata</a>. Instead, HoR established its parliament in Tobruk, which is controlled by General Haftar's forces. In December 2015, the <a href="/wiki/Libyan_Political_Agreement" class="mw-redirect" title="Libyan Political Agreement">Libyan Political Agreement</a><a href="#cite_note-130">[130]</a> was signed after talks in <a href="/wiki/Skhirat" title="Skhirat">Skhirat</a>, as the result of protracted negotiations between rival political camps based in Tripoli, Tobruk, and elsewhere which agreed to unite as the internationally recognised <a href="/wiki/Government_of_National_Accord" title="Government of National Accord">Government of National Accord</a> (GNA). On 30 March 2016, <a href="/wiki/Fayez_Sarraj" class="mw-redirect" title="Fayez Sarraj">Fayez Sarraj</a>, the head of GNA, arrived in Tripoli and began working from there despite opposition from GNC.<a href="#cite_note-131">[131]</a> In addition to those three factions, there are: the Islamist <a href="/wiki/Shura_Council_of_Benghazi_Revolutionaries" title="Shura Council of Benghazi Revolutionaries">Shura Council of Benghazi Revolutionaries</a>, led by <a href="/wiki/Ansar_al-Sharia_(Libya)" title="Ansar al-Sharia (Libya)">Ansar al-Sharia</a>, which had the support of the GNC and was <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Benghazi_(2014%E2%80%932017)" title="Battle of Benghazi (2014–2017)">defeated</a> in <a href="/wiki/Benghazi" title="Benghazi">Benghazi</a> in 2017;<a href="#cite_note-Benghazi-132">[132]</a><a href="#cite_note-stronghold-133">[133]</a><a href="#cite_note-134">[134]</a> the <a href="/wiki/Islamic_State_of_Iraq_and_the_Levant_in_Libya" class="mw-redirect" title="Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant in Libya">Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant's (ISIL's) Libyan provinces</a>;<a href="#cite_note-135">[135]</a> the <a href="/wiki/Shura_Council_of_Mujahideen_in_Derna" title="Shura Council of Mujahideen in Derna">Shura Council of Mujahideen in Derna</a> which expelled ISIL from <a href="/wiki/Derna,_Libya" title="Derna, Libya">Derna</a> in July 2015 and was later itself defeated in Derna by the Tobruk government in 2018;<a href="#cite_note-ISIL_expelled_from_Derna-136">[136]</a> as well as other armed groups and militias whose allegiances often change.<a href="#cite_note-guardianbriefing-125">[125]</a> In May 2016, GNA and GNC launched a <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Sirte_(2016)" title="Battle of Sirte (2016)">joint offensive</a> to capture areas in and around <a href="/wiki/Sirte" title="Sirte">Sirte</a> from ISIL. This offensive resulted in ISIL losing control of all significant territories previously held in Libya.<a href="#cite_note-auto2-137">[137]</a><a href="#cite_note-OffensiveSeized-138">[138]</a> Later in 2016, forces loyal to <a href="/wiki/Khalifa_al-Ghawil" title="Khalifa al-Ghawil">Khalifa al-Ghawil</a> attempted <a href="/wiki/2016%E2%80%9318_West_Libya_clashes" class="mw-redirect" title="2016–18 West Libya clashes">a coup d'état</a> against Fayez al-Sarraj and the <a href="/wiki/Presidential_Council_(Libya)" title="Presidential Council (Libya)">Presidential Council</a> of GNA.<a href="#cite_note-139">[139]</a> On 4 April 2019, <a href="/wiki/Khalifa_Haftar" title="Khalifa Haftar">Khalifa Haftar</a>, the commander of the Libyan National Army, called on his military forces to advance on Tripoli, the capital of the GNA, in the <a href="/wiki/2019%E2%80%9320_Western_Libya_campaign" class="mw-redirect" title="2019–20 Western Libya campaign">2019–20 Western Libya campaign</a><a href="#cite_note-140">[140]</a> This was met with reproach from United Nations Secretary General <a href="/wiki/Ant%C3%B3nio_Guterres" title="António Guterres">António Guterres</a> and the <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Security_Council" title="United Nations Security Council">United Nations Security Council</a>.<a href="#cite_note-141">[141]</a><a href="#cite_note-142">[142]</a> On 23 October 2020, the 5+5 Joint Libyan Military Commission representing the LNA and the GNA reached a "<a href="/wiki/Libyan_peace_process#Military_track:_permanent_ceasefire" title="Libyan peace process">permanent ceasefire agreement in all areas of Libya</a>". The agreement, effective immediately, required that all foreign fighters leave Libya within three months while a joint police force would patrol disputed areas. The first commercial flight between Tripoli and Benghazi took place that same day.<a href="#cite_note-auto6-143">[143]</a><a href="#cite_note-auto4-144">[144]</a> On 10 March 2021, an interim <a href="/wiki/Government_of_National_Unity_(Libya)" title="Government of National Unity (Libya)">unity government</a> was formed, which was slated to remain in place until the <a href="/wiki/Next_Libyan_presidential_election" title="Next Libyan presidential election">next Libyan presidential election</a> scheduled for 24 December that year.<a href="#cite_note-alj-108">[108]</a> However, the election has been delayed several times<a href="#cite_note-145">[145]</a><a href="#cite_note-146">[146]</a><a href="#cite_note-147">[147]</a> since, effectively rendering the unity government in power indefinitely, causing tensions which threaten to reignite the war.<a href="#cite_note-middleeasteye.net-67">[67]</a><a href="#cite_note-Middle_East_Monitor-68">[68]</a><a href="#cite_note-aa.com.tr-53">[53]</a><a href="#cite_note-The_Iran-Haftar_links_in_Libya-27">[27]</a><a href="#cite_note-aawsat.com-28">[28]</a> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Background_of_discontent_with_General_National_Congress">Background of discontent with General National Congress</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Libyan_civil_war_(2014%E2%80%932020)&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Background of discontent with General National Congress">edit</a>]</div> At the beginning of 2014, Libya was governed by the <a href="/wiki/General_National_Congress" title="General National Congress">General National Congress</a> (GNC), which won the popular vote in <a href="/wiki/2012_Libyan_General_National_Congress_election" class="mw-redirect" title="2012 Libyan General National Congress election">2012 elections</a>. The GNC was made of two major political groups, the National Forces Alliance (NFC) and the <a href="/wiki/Justice_and_Construction_Party" title="Justice and Construction Party">Justice and Construction Party</a> (JCP). The two major groups in parliament had failed to reach political compromises on the larger more important issues that the GNC faced. Division among these parties, the row over the political isolation law, and a continuous unstable security situation greatly impacted the GNC's ability to deliver real progress towards a new constitution for Libya which was a primary task for this governing body.<a href="#cite_note-:0-148">[148]</a> The GNC also included members associated with conservative Islamist groups as well as revolutionary groups (thuwwar). Some members of the GNC had a conflict of interest due to associations with militias and were accused of channeling government funds towards armed groups and allowing others to conduct assassinations and kidnappings. Parties holding majority of seats and some holding minority of seats began to use boycotts or threats of boycotts which increased division and suppressed relevant debates by removing them from the congressional agenda;<a href="#cite_note-John,_Ronald_Bruce_2014_p._201-149">[149]</a> voting to declare <a href="/wiki/Sharia_law" class="mw-redirect" title="Sharia law">sharia law</a> and establishing a special committee to "review all existing laws to guarantee they comply with Islamic law";<a href="#cite_note-reuters.com-150">[150]</a> imposing <a href="/wiki/Gender_segregation_and_Islam" class="mw-redirect" title="Gender segregation and Islam">gender segregation</a> and compulsory <a href="/wiki/Hijab" title="Hijab">hijab</a> at Libyan universities; and refusing to hold new elections when its electoral mandate expired in January 2014<a href="#cite_note-151">[151]</a> until General Khalifa Haftar launched a large-scale military offensive against the Islamists in May 2014, code-named Operation Dignity (<a href="/wiki/Arabic_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Arabic language">Arabic</a>: عملية الكرامة; 'Amaliyat al-Karamah).<a href="#cite_note-Magharebia_Shahat-152">[152]</a><a href="#cite_note-153">[153]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Political_fragmentation_of_the_GNC">Political fragmentation of the GNC</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Libyan_civil_war_(2014%E2%80%932020)&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Political fragmentation of the GNC">edit</a>]</div> The 2012 elections, overseen by the Libyan electoral commission with the support of the UN Special Mission In Libya (UNSMIL) and nongovernmental organizations like the International Foundation for Electoral Systems (IFES), have been considered "fair and free" by most Libyans. However, the elections did not necessarily create a strong government because the Parliament was fragmented due to the lack of organized political parties in Libya post-revolution. The GNC was made up of two major parties, the <a href="/wiki/National_Forces_Alliance" title="National Forces Alliance">National Forces Alliance</a> and the Justice and Construction Party, as well as independents in which some were moderates and other conservative Islamists. The GNC became a broad-based congress.<a href="#cite_note-:0-148">[148]</a> The GNA elected <a href="/wiki/Nouri_Abusahmain" title="Nouri Abusahmain">Nouri Abusahmain</a> as president of the GNC in June 2013.<a href="#cite_note-transitions.foreignpolicy.com-154">[154]</a><a href="#cite_note-america.aljazeera.com-155">[155]</a> He was considered an independent Islamist and a compromise candidate acceptable to liberal members of the congress, as he was elected with 96 out of a total of 184 votes by the GNC.<a href="#cite_note-:1-156">[156]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Libya_Revolutionaries_Operations_Room_and_kidnapping_of_Ali_Zeidan">Libya Revolutionaries Operations Room and kidnapping of Ali Zeidan</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Libyan_civil_war_(2014%E2%80%932020)&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Libya Revolutionaries Operations Room and kidnapping of Ali Zeidan">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Libya_Revolutionaries_Operations_Room" title="Libya Revolutionaries Operations Room">Libya Revolutionaries Operations Room</a></div> The GNC was challenged due to increasing security concerns in Tripoli. The GNC itself was attacked many times by militias and armed protesters who stormed the GNC assembly hall.<a href="#cite_note-www.dw.com-157">[157]</a> Following his appointment, Abusahmain was tasked with providing security. He set up the <a href="/wiki/Libya_Revolutionaries_Operations_Room" title="Libya Revolutionaries Operations Room">Libya Revolutionaries Operations Room</a> (LROR), which was made up of rebels from <a href="/wiki/Gharyan" title="Gharyan">Gharyan</a>, and was initially intended to protect and secure Tripoli in August 2013. Its commander was Adel Gharyani. During this time, Abusahmain blocked inquiries into the distribution of state funds and it was alleged that Abusahmain was channeling government funding towards the LROR.<a href="#cite_note-:1-156">[156]</a> In October, Libyan Prime Minister <a href="/wiki/Ali_Zeidan" title="Ali Zeidan">Ali Zeidan</a> was kidnapped. It is believed to have been carried out by the LROR,<a href="#cite_note-158">[158]</a> although there is evidence to suggest that armed groups such as the Duru3 actually conducted the kidnapping.<a href="#cite_note-159">[159]</a> Following the kidnapping, Abusahmain used his presidency to change the agenda of the GNC in order to prevent them from disestablishing the LROR. At the same time, he cancelled a request to establish a committee to investigate his allocation of 900 million Libyan Dinars (US$720 million) to the LROR and various other armed groups.<a href="#cite_note-John,_Ronald_Bruce_2014_p._201-149">[149]</a> The GNC responded by removing Abusahmain as president and dismissing the LROR from its security function.<a href="#cite_note-160">[160]</a> However, the armed group was allowed to continue to operate, and no one was prosecuted for the incident. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Expansion_of_armed_groups_during_the_GNC's_term">Expansion of armed groups during the GNC's term</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Libyan_civil_war_(2014%E2%80%932020)&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Expansion of armed groups during the GNC's term">edit</a>]</div> Many Libyans blamed the GNC and the interim government for a continued lack of security in the country. The interim government struggled to control well-armed militias and armed groups that established during the revolution. Libyans in Benghazi especially began to witness <a href="/wiki/Assassinations" class="mw-redirect" title="Assassinations">assassinations</a> and kidnapping and perceived the GNC to be turning a blind eye to the deteriorating security situation in the east. But security concerns increased across the country, allowing armed groups to expand in Tripoli and the east. <ul><li>In 2012, the <a href="/wiki/2012_Benghazi_attack" title="2012 Benghazi attack">assassination</a> of the <a href="/wiki/J._Christopher_Stevens" title="J. Christopher Stevens">US ambassador to Libya</a> by <a href="/wiki/Ansar_al-Sharia_(Libya)" title="Ansar al-Sharia (Libya)">Ansar al-Sharia</a> took place.<a href="#cite_note-161">[161]</a></li> <li>In October 2013, the kidnapping of Prime Minister <a href="/wiki/Ali_Zeidan" title="Ali Zeidan">Ali Zeidan</a> by the LROR took place.</li> <li>The kidnapping of Egyptian diplomats in January 2014 also by the LROR took place.</li> <li>In March 2014, armed protesters allegedly linked to the LROR stormed the GNC parliament building, shooting and injuring two lawmakers and wounding several others.<a href="#cite_note-www.dw.com-157">[157]</a></li></ul> In April 2014, an anti-terrorist training base called "Camp 27", located between Tripoli and the <a href="/wiki/Libya%E2%80%93Tunisia_border" title="Libya–Tunisia border">Tunisian border</a>, was taken over by forces fighting under the control of Abd al-Muhsin Al-Libi, also known as <a href="/wiki/Ibrahim_Tantoush" class="mw-redirect" title="Ibrahim Tantoush">Ibrahim Tantoush</a>,<a href="#cite_note-thedailybeast.com-162">[162]</a> a long-serving <a href="/wiki/Al-Qaeda" title="Al-Qaeda">Al-Qaeda</a> organizer and former member of the <a href="/wiki/Libyan_Islamic_Fighting_Group" title="Libyan Islamic Fighting Group">Libyan Islamic Fighting Group</a>.<a href="#cite_note-un.org-163">[163]</a> The Islamist forces at Camp 27 have subsequently been described as part of the <a href="/wiki/Libya_Shield_Force" title="Libya Shield Force">Libya Shield Force</a>.<a href="#cite_note-libyaherald.com-164">[164]</a> The Libya Shield Force was already identified by some observers as linked to <a href="/wiki/Al-Qaeda" title="Al-Qaeda">al-Qaeda</a> as early as 2012.<a href="#cite_note-inquisitr.com-165">[165]</a><a href="#cite_note-books.google.co.uk-166">[166]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="GNC's_political_isolation_law">GNC's political isolation law</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Libyan_civil_war_(2014%E2%80%932020)&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: GNC's political isolation law">edit</a>]</div> Although Islamists were outnumbered by <a href="/wiki/Liberalism" title="Liberalism">Liberals</a> and <a href="/wiki/Centrism" title="Centrism">Centrists</a> in the GNC, in May 2013 they lobbied for a law "banning virtually everyone who had participated in Gaddafi's government from holding public office". While several Islamist political parties and independents supported the law, as they generally had no associations to the Gaddafi regime, the law enjoyed strong public support. The law particularly impacts elite expatriates and leaders of liberal parties. There existed reservations that such a law would eliminate technocratic expertise needed in Libya at the time. Armed militiamen stormed government ministries, shut down the GNC itself and demanded the law's passage. This intimidated the GNC into passing the law in which 164 members approved the bill, with only four abstaining and no member opposing it.<a href="#cite_note-:0-148">[148]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Suppression_of_women's_rights">Suppression of women's rights</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Libyan_civil_war_(2014%E2%80%932020)&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Suppression of women's rights">edit</a>]</div> GNC opponents argue that it was supporting Islamist actions against women. <a href="/wiki/Sadiq_Ghariani" class="mw-redirect" title="Sadiq Ghariani">Sadiq Ghariani</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Grand_Mufti" title="Grand Mufti">Grand Mufti</a> of Libya, is perceived to be linked closely to Islamist parties. He has issued fatwas ordering Muslims to obey the GNC,<a href="#cite_note-167">[167]</a> and fatwas ordering Muslims to fight against <a href="/wiki/Haftar" class="mw-redirect" title="Haftar">Haftar</a>'s forces<a href="#cite_note-168">[168]</a> In March 2013, Sadiq Ghariani, issued a fatwa against the UN Report on Violence Against Women and Girls. He condemned the UN report for "advocating immorality and indecency in addition to rebelliousness against religion and clear objections to the laws contained in the Quran and Sunnah".<a href="#cite_note-169">[169]</a> Soon after the Grand Mufti issued a clarification op-ed that there should be no discrimination between men and women yet women have a greater role in the family.<a href="#cite_note-170">[170]</a> Later in 2013, lawyer Hamida Al-Hadi Al-Asfar, advocate of women's rights, was abducted, tortured and killed. It is alleged she was targeted for criticising the Grand Mufti's declaration.<a href="#cite_note-171">[171]</a> No arrests were made. In June 2013, two politicians, Ali Tekbali and Fathi Sager, appeared in court for "insulting Islam" for publishing a cartoon promoting women's rights.<a href="#cite_note-172">[172]</a> Under sharia law they were facing a possible death penalty.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] The case caused widespread concern although they were eventually acquitted in March 2014. After the GNC was forced to accept new elections, Ali Tekbali was elected to the new House of Representatives.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Libyans_protest_GNC_extension_(II).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Libyans_protest_GNC_extension_%28II%29.jpg/220px-Libyans_protest_GNC_extension_%28II%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="145" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Libyans_protest_GNC_extension_%28II%29.jpg/330px-Libyans_protest_GNC_extension_%28II%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Libyans_protest_GNC_extension_%28II%29.jpg/440px-Libyans_protest_GNC_extension_%28II%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="710" data-file-height="469" /></a><figcaption>Protesters stage a large demonstration in Shahat against the GNC's mandate extension plan.<a href="#cite_note-Magharebia_Shahat-152">[152]</a></figcaption></figure> During <a href="/wiki/Nouri_Abusahmain" title="Nouri Abusahmain">Nouri Abusahmain</a>'s presidency of the GNC and subsequent to GNC's decision to enforce sharia law in December 2013, gender segregation and compulsory hijab were being imposed in Libyan universities from early 2014, provoking strong criticism from Women's Rights groups. A Netherlands-based global advocacy organization, Cordaid, reported that violence against Libyan women at the hands of militias frequently goes unpunished. Cordaid also noted that restricted freedom of movement, driven by fear of violence, has led to declines in schooling among women and girls.<a href="#cite_note-173">[173]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="GNC_extends_its_mandate_without_elections">GNC extends its mandate without elections</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Libyan_civil_war_(2014%E2%80%932020)&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: GNC extends its mandate without elections">edit</a>]</div> The GNC failed to stand down at the end of its electoral mandate in January 2014, unilaterally voting on 23 December 2013 to extend its power for at least one year. This caused widespread unease and some protests. Residents of the eastern city of Shahat, along with protesters from Bayda and Sousse, staged a large demonstration, rejecting the GNC's extension plan and demanding the resignation of the congress followed by a peaceful power transition to a legitimate body. They also protested the lack of security, blaming the GNC for failing to build the army and police.<a href="#cite_note-Magharebia_Shahat-152">[152]</a> Other Libyans rejecting the proposed mandate rallied in Tripoli's Martyrs Square and outside Benghazi's Tibesti Hotel, calling for the freeze of political parties and the re-activation of the country's security system.<a href="#cite_note-magharebia-174">[174]</a> On 14 February 2014, General <a href="/wiki/Khalifa_Haftar" title="Khalifa Haftar">Khalifa Haftar</a> ordered the GNC to dissolve and called for the formation of a <a href="/wiki/Caretaker_government" title="Caretaker government">caretaker government</a> committee to oversee new elections. However, his actions had little effect on the GNC, which called his actions "an attempted coup" and called Haftar himself "ridiculous" and labelled him an aspiring dictator. The GNC continued to operate as before. No arrests were made. Haftar launched Operation Dignity three months later on 16 May.<a href="#cite_note-175">[175]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="House_of_Representatives_versus_GNC">House of Representatives versus GNC</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Libyan_civil_war_(2014%E2%80%932020)&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: House of Representatives versus GNC">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Situation_in_Libya_(July_2015).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Situation_in_Libya_%28July_2015%29.svg/220px-Situation_in_Libya_%28July_2015%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="220" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Situation_in_Libya_%28July_2015%29.svg/330px-Situation_in_Libya_%28July_2015%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Situation_in_Libya_%28July_2015%29.svg/440px-Situation_in_Libya_%28July_2015%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="2048" /></a><figcaption>Military situation in Libya in July 2015</figcaption></figure> On 25 May 2014, about one week after Khalifa Haftar started his "Operation Dignity" offensive against the General National Congress, that body set 25 June 2014 as the date for <a href="/wiki/2014_Libyan_House_of_Representatives_election" class="mw-redirect" title="2014 Libyan House of Representatives election">new elections</a>.<a href="#cite_note-eognc-35-176">[176]</a> Islamists were defeated, but rejected the results of the election, which saw only an 18% turnout.<a href="#cite_note-177">[177]</a><a href="#cite_note-178">[178]</a> They accused the new <a href="/wiki/House_of_Representatives_(Libya)" title="House of Representatives (Libya)">House of Representatives</a> parliament of being dominated by supporters of Gaddafi, and they continued to support the old GNC after the Council officially replaced it on 4 August 2014.<a href="#cite_note-guardianbriefing-125">[125]</a><a href="#cite_note-179">[179]</a> The conflict escalated on 13 July 2014, when Tripoli's Islamists and <a href="/wiki/Misrata" title="Misrata">Misratan</a> militias launched "Operation Libya Dawn" to seize <a href="/wiki/Tripoli_International_Airport" title="Tripoli International Airport">Tripoli International Airport</a>, capturing it from the <a href="/wiki/Zintan" title="Zintan">Zintan</a> militia on 23 August. Shortly thereafter, members of the GNC, who had rejected the June election, reconvened as a <a href="/wiki/General_National_Congress_(2014)" class="mw-redirect" title="General National Congress (2014)">new General National Congress</a> and voted themselves as replacement of the newly elected House of Representatives, with Tripoli as their political capital, <a href="/wiki/Nouri_Abusahmain" title="Nouri Abusahmain">Nouri Abusahmain</a> as president and <a href="/wiki/Omar_al-Hasi" class="mw-redirect" title="Omar al-Hasi">Omar al-Hasi</a> as prime minister. As a consequence, the majority of the House of Representatives were forced to relocate to <a href="/wiki/Tobruk" title="Tobruk">Tobruk</a>, aligning themselves with Haftar's forces and eventually nominating him army chief.<a href="#cite_note-auto-180">[180]</a> On 6 November, the supreme court in Tripoli, dominated by the new GNC, declared the House of Representatives dissolved.<a href="#cite_note-181">[181]</a><a href="#cite_note-182">[182]</a> The House of Representatives rejected this ruling as made "under threat".<a href="#cite_note-183">[183]</a> On 16 January 2015, the Operation Dignity and Operation Libya Dawn factions agreed on a ceasefire.<a href="#cite_note-ReferenceC-184">[184]</a> The country was then led by two separate governments, with Tripoli and <a href="/wiki/Misrata" title="Misrata">Misrata</a> controlled by forces loyal to Libya Dawn and the new GNC in Tripoli, while the international community recognized <a href="/wiki/Abdullah_al-Thani" class="mw-redirect" title="Abdullah al-Thani">Abdullah al-Thani</a>'s government and its parliament in Tobruk.<a href="#cite_note-aljazeera.com-185">[185]</a> Benghazi remained contested between pro-Haftar forces and radical Islamists.<a href="#cite_note-186">[186]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Opposing_forces">Opposing forces</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Libyan_civil_war_(2014%E2%80%932020)&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Opposing forces">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Pro-GNC">Pro-GNC</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Libyan_civil_war_(2014%E2%80%932020)&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Pro-GNC">edit</a>]</div> The pro-GNC forces were a coalition of different militias with different ideologies although most of them are Islamist influenced especially in eastern Libya in <a href="/wiki/Benghazi" title="Benghazi">Benghazi</a> and <a href="/wiki/Derna,_Libya" title="Derna, Libya">Derna</a>. Since LPA negotiations started in Skhirat there has been a rift within the militias over support for the UN-sponsored talks and the proposed Government of National Accord, which seeks to unite the rival governments.<a href="#cite_note-BBCGuide-187">[187]</a> Since GNA started working from Tripoli in March 2015, Libya Dawn coalition the largest of Pro-GNC militias has been disbanded and most of its forces changed allegiances to GNA.<a href="#cite_note-188">[188]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Libya_Dawn">Libya Dawn</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Libyan_civil_war_(2014%E2%80%932020)&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Libya Dawn">edit</a>]</div> The Islamist "<a href="/wiki/Libya_Dawn" class="mw-redirect" title="Libya Dawn">Libya Dawn</a>" has been described as "an uneasy coalition" identified as "terrorists" by the elected parliament in <a href="/wiki/Tobruk" title="Tobruk">Tobruk</a><a href="#cite_note-bbc.co.uk-189">[189]</a> including "former <a href="/wiki/Al-Qaeda" title="Al-Qaeda">al-Qaeda</a> jihadists" who fought against Gaddafi in the 1990s, members of Libya's branch of the <a href="/wiki/Muslim_Brotherhood" title="Muslim Brotherhood">Muslim Brotherhood</a>, and a "network of conservative merchants" from <a href="/wiki/Misrata" title="Misrata">Misrata</a>, whose fighters make up "the largest block of Libya Dawn's forces".<a href="#cite_note-Anderson180215-190">[190]</a> The coalition was formed in 2014 as a reaction against General <a href="/wiki/Khalifa_Haftar" title="Khalifa Haftar">Khalifa Haftar</a> <a href="/wiki/2013_Libyan_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat_attempt" class="mw-redirect" title="2013 Libyan coup d'état attempt">failed coup</a> and to defeat Zintan brigades controlling <a href="/wiki/Tripoli_International_Airport" title="Tripoli International Airport">Tripoli International Airport</a> whose aligned with him. The <a href="/wiki/Zawiya,_Libya" title="Zawiya, Libya">Zawia</a> tribe has been allied to Libya Dawn since August 2014,<a href="#cite_note-libyaninsider.com-191">[191]</a> although in June 2014 at least one Zawia army unit had appeared to side with General Haftar, and reports in December claimed Zawia forces were openly considering breaking away from Libya Dawn.<a href="#cite_note-ReferenceA-192">[192]</a> Zawia militia have been heavily fighting the Warshefana tribe. In the current conflict, the Warshefana have been strongly identified with the forces fighting against both Libya Dawn and Al Qaeda. Zawia has been involved in a long-standing tribal conflict with the neighbouring Warshefana tribe since 2011.<a href="#cite_note-ReferenceB-193">[193]</a> The motivations of the Zawia brigades participation in the war have been described as unrelated to religion and instead deriving foremost from tribal conflict with the Warshafana and secondarily as a result of opposition to the Zintani brigades and General Haftar.<a href="#cite_note-194">[194]</a> When the head of GNA <a href="/wiki/Fayez_al-Sarraj" title="Fayez al-Sarraj">Fayez Sarraj</a> arrived in Tripoli, Libya Dawn has been disbanded as the interests of the militias forming it conflicted when some of them choose to support GNA others chose to stay loyal to GNC. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Libya_Shield">Libya Shield</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Libyan_civil_war_(2014%E2%80%932020)&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Libya Shield">edit</a>]</div> The <a href="/wiki/Libya_Shield_Force" title="Libya Shield Force">Libya Shield Force</a> supports the Islamists. Its forces are divided geographically, into the Western Shield, Central Shield and Eastern Shield. Elements of the Libya Shield Force were identified by some observers as linked to <a href="/wiki/Al-Qaeda" title="Al-Qaeda">Al-Qaeda</a> as early as 2012.<a href="#cite_note-inquisitr.com-165">[165]</a><a href="#cite_note-books.google.co.uk-166">[166]</a> The term "Libya Shield 1" is used to refer to the Islamist part of the <a href="/wiki/Libya_Shield_Force" title="Libya Shield Force">Libya Shield Force</a> in the east of Libya.<a href="#cite_note-195">[195]</a> In western Libya, the prominent Islamist forces are the Central Shield (of the <a href="/wiki/Libya_Shield_Force" title="Libya Shield Force">Libya Shield Force</a>), which consists especially of <a href="/wiki/Misrata" title="Misrata">Misrata</a> units and the <a href="/wiki/Libya_Revolutionaries_Operations_Room" title="Libya Revolutionaries Operations Room">Libya Revolutionaries Operations Room</a>. Two smaller organizations operating in western Libya are Ignewa Al-Kikly and the "Lions of Monotheism". <a href="/wiki/Al-Qaeda" title="Al-Qaeda">Al-Qaeda</a> leader <a href="/wiki/Abd_al-Muhsin_Al-Libi" title="Abd al-Muhsin Al-Libi">Abd al-Muhsin Al-Libi</a>, also known as Ibrahim Ali Abu Bakr or Ibrahim Tantoush<a href="#cite_note-un.org-163">[163]</a> has been active in western Libya, capturing the special forces base called Camp 27 in April 2014 and losing it to anti-Islamist forces in August 2014.<a href="#cite_note-thedailybeast.com-162">[162]</a> The Islamist forces around Camp 27 have been described as both <a href="/wiki/Al-Qaida" class="mw-redirect" title="Al-Qaida">Al-Qaida</a><a href="#cite_note-thedailybeast.com-162">[162]</a> and as part of the <a href="/wiki/Libya_Shield_Force" title="Libya Shield Force">Libya Shield Force</a>.<a href="#cite_note-libyaherald.com-164">[164]</a> The relationship between <a href="/wiki/Al-Qaeda" title="Al-Qaeda">Al-Qaeda</a> and <a href="/wiki/Al_Qaeda_in_the_Islamic_Maghreb" class="mw-redirect" title="Al Qaeda in the Islamic Maghreb">Al Qaeda in the Islamic Maghreb</a> is unclear, and their relationship with other Libyan Islamist groups is unclear. <a href="/wiki/Al_Qaeda_in_the_Islamic_Maghreb" class="mw-redirect" title="Al Qaeda in the Islamic Maghreb">Al Qaeda in the Islamic Maghreb</a> are also active in <a href="/wiki/Fezzan" title="Fezzan">Fezzan</a>, especially in border areas. Libya western and central Libya Shield force fought alongside Libya Dawn and were disbanded with it in 2015. While the eastern Libya Shield forces merged later with other Islamist militias and formed Revolutionary Shura Council to fight Hafter LNA. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Revolutionary_Shura_Councils">Revolutionary Shura Councils</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Libyan_civil_war_(2014%E2%80%932020)&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Revolutionary Shura Councils">edit</a>]</div> In <a href="/wiki/Benghazi" title="Benghazi">Benghazi</a>, the Islamist armed groups have organized themselves into the <a href="/wiki/Shura_Council_of_Benghazi_Revolutionaries" title="Shura Council of Benghazi Revolutionaries">Shura Council of Benghazi Revolutionaries</a>. These include: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ansar_al-Sharia_(Libya)" title="Ansar al-Sharia (Libya)">Ansar al-Sharia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Libya_Shield_1" title="Libya Shield 1">Libya Shield 1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_17th_Martyrs_Brigade" title="February 17th Martyrs Brigade">February 17th Martyrs Brigade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rafallah_al-Sahati_Brigade" title="Rafallah al-Sahati Brigade">Rafallah al-Sahati Brigade</a></li></ul> The Shura Council of Benghazi has been strongly linked with <a href="/wiki/ISIL" class="mw-redirect" title="ISIL">ISIL</a> as they fought together against Hafter in <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Benghazi_(2014%E2%80%932017)" title="Battle of Benghazi (2014–2017)">Battle of Benghazi</a>. However, the Shura Council never pledged allegiance to ISIL.<a href="#cite_note-BBCGuide-187">[187]</a> Meanwhile, in <a href="/wiki/Derna,_Libya" title="Derna, Libya">Derna</a> the main Islamist coalition <a href="/wiki/Shura_Council_of_Mujahideen_in_Derna" title="Shura Council of Mujahideen in Derna">Shura Council of Mujahideen</a> which was formed in 2014 is an <a href="/wiki/Al-Qaeda" title="Al-Qaeda">al-Qaeda</a>-affiliated group. The coalition has been in fight with ISIL in 2015 and drove them out from the city.<a href="#cite_note-BBCGuide-187">[187]</a> <a href="/wiki/Ajdabiya" title="Ajdabiya">Ajdabiya</a> had its own Shura Council of Benghazi Revolutionaries, which is the most ISIL linked among the three Shura councils. Its leader Muhammad al-Zawi and a number of the council pledging allegiance to ISIL played a major role in strengthening the Islamist group grip on <a href="/wiki/Sirte" title="Sirte">Sirte</a>.<a href="#cite_note-BBCGuide-187">[187]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Benghazi_Defense_Brigades">Benghazi Defense Brigades</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Libyan_civil_war_(2014%E2%80%932020)&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Benghazi Defense Brigades">edit</a>]</div> <a href="/wiki/Benghazi_Defense_Brigades" class="mw-redirect" title="Benghazi Defense Brigades">Benghazi Defense Brigades</a> was formed in June 2016 to defend Benghazi and the Shura Council from the <a href="/wiki/Libyan_National_Army" title="Libyan National Army">Libyan National Army</a>, the Benghazi Defence Brigades (BDB) included various <a href="/wiki/Libya_Dawn" class="mw-redirect" title="Libya Dawn">Libya Dawn</a> militias and was organized under the banner of the former <a href="/wiki/Grand_mufti" class="mw-redirect" title="Grand mufti">Grand mufti</a> <a href="/wiki/Saddiq_Al-Ghariyani" class="mw-redirect" title="Saddiq Al-Ghariyani">Saddiq Al-Ghariyani</a>.<a href="#cite_note-196">[196]</a><a href="#cite_note-OJA-197">[197]</a> Even though it pledged to support the GNA<a href="#cite_note-OJA-197">[197]</a> and apparently working under <a href="/wiki/Mahdi_Al-Barghathi" class="mw-redirect" title="Mahdi Al-Barghathi">Mahdi Al-Barghathi</a>, the Defence Minister of the GNA.<a href="#cite_note-Al-Jufra-attack-198">[198]</a> The GNA never recognized the BDB with some members calling for it to be demarcated as a "terrorist organization".<a href="#cite_note-LibyaAnalysis-1-199">[199]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Amazigh_militias">Amazigh militias</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Libyan_civil_war_(2014%E2%80%932020)&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Amazigh militias">edit</a>]</div> Even though the <a href="/wiki/Berbers" title="Berbers">Amazigh</a> militias mainly situated in <a href="/wiki/Zuwara" class="mw-redirect" title="Zuwara">Zuwara</a> and <a href="/wiki/Nafusa_Mountains" title="Nafusa Mountains">Nafusa Mountains</a> fought alongside Libya Dawn, they consider themselves pushed towards that because Zintan brigades and the rest of their enemies has been sided with HoR.<a href="#cite_note-200">[200]</a> Still though, the Amazigh main motivations for fighting against Haftar is his <a href="/wiki/Pan-Arab" class="mw-redirect" title="Pan-Arab">Pan-Arabic</a> ideas which is conflicting with their demands of recognition their <a href="/wiki/Tamazight" class="mw-redirect" title="Tamazight">language</a> in the constitution as an <a href="/wiki/Official_language" title="Official language">official language</a>. While keeping their enmity towards Haftar, the Amazigh militias mostly became neutral later in the war especially since the formation of GNA. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Operation_Dignity">Operation Dignity</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Libyan_civil_war_(2014%E2%80%932020)&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Operation Dignity">edit</a>]</div> The anti-Islamist Operation Dignity forces are built around Haftar's faction of the Libyan National Army, including land, sea and air forces along with supporting local militias. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="LNA">LNA</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Libyan_civil_war_(2014%E2%80%932020)&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: LNA">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:General_Haftar.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/General_Haftar.jpg/170px-General_Haftar.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="193" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/General_Haftar.jpg/255px-General_Haftar.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/General_Haftar.jpg/340px-General_Haftar.jpg 2x" data-file-width="482" data-file-height="547" /></a><figcaption>General <a href="/wiki/Khalifa_Haftar" title="Khalifa Haftar">Khalifa Haftar</a></figcaption></figure> The <a href="/wiki/Libyan_National_Army" title="Libyan National Army">Libyan National Army</a>, formally known as "Libyan Arab Armed Forces", was gradually formed by General <a href="/wiki/Khalifa_Haftar" title="Khalifa Haftar">Khalifa Haftar</a> as he fought in what he named <a href="/wiki/Operation_Dignity" class="mw-redirect" title="Operation Dignity">Operation Dignity</a>. On 19 May 2014, a number of Libyan military officers announced their support for Gen. Haftar, including officers in an air force base in <a href="/wiki/Tobruk" title="Tobruk">Tobruk</a>, and others who have occupied a significant portion of the country's oil infrastructure, as well as members of an important militia group in Benghazi. Haftar then managed to gather allies from <a href="/wiki/Bayda,_Libya" title="Bayda, Libya">Bayda</a>, 125 miles east of Benghazi.<a href="#cite_note-WPost_3-201">[201]</a> A minority portion of the <a href="/wiki/Libya_Shield_Force" title="Libya Shield Force">Libya Shield Force</a> had been reported to not have joined the Islamist forces, and it is not clear if this means they had joined the LNA forces.<a href="#cite_note-202">[202]</a> Since then Haftar continued to strengthen his LNA by recruiting new soldiers along with the advancements he made on the ground. In 2017 Haftar said that his forces are now larger by "hundred times" and now they are about 60 thousand soldiers.<a href="#cite_note-203">[203]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Salafist_militias">Salafist militias</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Libyan_civil_war_(2014%E2%80%932020)&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Salafist militias">edit</a>]</div> <a href="/wiki/Salafi_movement" title="Salafi movement">Salafists</a>, called <a href="/wiki/Madkhalism" title="Madkhalism">Madkhalis</a> by their enemies, fought alongside Haftar LNA since the beginning against the Islamist militias, especially <a href="/wiki/Shura_Council_of_Benghazi_Revolutionaries" title="Shura Council of Benghazi Revolutionaries">Shura Council of Benghazi Revolutionaries</a> and <a href="/wiki/Islamic_State" title="Islamic State">IS</a> whom they considered <a href="/wiki/Khawarij" class="mw-redirect" title="Khawarij">Khawarij</a> after a <a href="/wiki/Fatwa" title="Fatwa">fatwa</a> from <a href="/wiki/Saudi_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Saudi people">Saudi</a> <a href="/wiki/Rabee_al-Madkhali" title="Rabee al-Madkhali">Rabee al-Madkhali</a>.<a href="#cite_note-204">[204]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Zintan_brigades">Zintan brigades</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Libyan_civil_war_(2014%E2%80%932020)&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Zintan brigades">edit</a>]</div> Since the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Tripoli_Airport" title="Battle of Tripoli Airport">Battle of Tripoli Airport</a>, armed groups associated with <a href="/wiki/Zintan" title="Zintan">Zintan</a> and the surrounding <a href="/wiki/Nafusa" class="mw-redirect" title="Nafusa">Nafusa</a> region have become prominent. The Airport Security Battalion is recruited in large part from <a href="/wiki/Zintan" title="Zintan">Zintan</a>. The "Zintan Brigades" fall under the leadership of the Zintan Revolutionaries' Military Council. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Wershefana_militias">Wershefana militias</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Libyan_civil_war_(2014%E2%80%932020)&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Wershefana militias">edit</a>]</div> Wershefana tribal and mainly <a href="/wiki/Gaddafi_loyalists" class="mw-redirect" title="Gaddafi loyalists">Gaddafi loyalists</a> armed groups, from the area immediately south and west of Tripoli, have been active in and among Haftar forces west of Libya. On 5 August 2014, Warshefana forces captured Camp 27, a training base west of Tripoli.<a href="#cite_note-libyaherald.com-164">[164]</a> Wershefana armed groups have also been involved in a tribal conflict with the neighbouring <a href="/wiki/Zawiya_District" title="Zawiya District">Zawia</a> city since 2011.<a href="#cite_note-ReferenceB-193">[193]</a> Zawia has allied with Libya Dawn since August 2014,<a href="#cite_note-libyaninsider.com-191">[191]</a> although its commitment to Libya Dawn is reportedly wavering.<a href="#cite_note-ReferenceA-192">[192]</a> After being accused of <a href="/wiki/Kidnapping" title="Kidnapping">kidnapping</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ransom" title="Ransom">ransoming</a> and other crimes, a GNA joint force made up mostly from Zintan brigades seized the Wershefana district.<a href="#cite_note-205">[205]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Kaniyat_militia">Kaniyat militia</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Libyan_civil_war_(2014%E2%80%932020)&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Kaniyat militia">edit</a>]</div> Since the 2011 Libyan uprising against <a href="/wiki/Muammar_Gaddafi" title="Muammar Gaddafi">Muammar Gaddafi</a>, the Kaniyat militiamen dominated and brutalized the civilians in <a href="/wiki/Tarhuna" title="Tarhuna">Tarhuna</a> to deepen their control over the strategic city. Formed by the Kani brothers, the militia committed atrocities that became known in 2017. The militia allied with the <a href="/wiki/Government_of_National_Accord" title="Government of National Accord">Government of National Accord</a> (GNA) in 2016, which considered the Kaniyat important for their control over the 7th Brigade, gateway to Tripoli from south Libya. Human rights activists and the residents said the GNA and the UN provided political support to the militia and "chose not to see" the abuses and killings.<a href="#cite_note-WP-08-05-2021-206">[206]</a> In 2019, the Kaniyat militia aligned with the UAE-backed Khalifa Haftar and put their fighters under the general's 9th Brigade. Following that, the killings and disappearances in Tarhuna amplified. Over a decade until 2021, over 1,000 civilians were killed by the Kaniyat militia, where nearly 650 were killed in 14 months under Haftar. In 2020, the GNA forces successfully ousted the militia and the UAE-backed Haftar's forces and captured Tarhuna. Survivors reported of being tortured, electrocuted and beaten by the militia. Around 120 bodies were recovered from the mass graves, of which only 59 were identified.<a href="#cite_note-WP-08-05-2021-206">[206]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ethnic_tensions">Ethnic tensions</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Libyan_civil_war_(2014%E2%80%932020)&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Ethnic tensions">edit</a>]</div> In 2014, a former <a href="/wiki/Muammar_Gaddafi" title="Muammar Gaddafi">Gaddafi</a> officer reported to the <a href="/wiki/New_York_Times" class="mw-redirect" title="New York Times">New York Times</a> that the civil war was now an "ethnic struggle" between Arab tribes (like the Zintanis) against those of <a href="/wiki/Turks_in_Libya" title="Turks in Libya">Turkish ancestry</a> (like the <a href="/wiki/Misrata" title="Misrata">Misuratis</a>), as well as against <a href="/wiki/Berbers" title="Berbers">Berbers</a> and <a href="/wiki/Circassians" title="Circassians">Circassians</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Kirkpatrick-207">[207]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Effects">Effects</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Libyan_civil_war_(2014%E2%80%932020)&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Effects">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Libya_location_map-oil_%26_gas_2011-en.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Libya_location_map-oil_%26_gas_2011-en.svg/220px-Libya_location_map-oil_%26_gas_2011-en.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="211" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Libya_location_map-oil_%26_gas_2011-en.svg/330px-Libya_location_map-oil_%26_gas_2011-en.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Libya_location_map-oil_%26_gas_2011-en.svg/440px-Libya_location_map-oil_%26_gas_2011-en.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="969" data-file-height="929" /></a><figcaption>Libyan oil fields, pipelines, refineries and storage</figcaption></figure> As of February 2015, damage and disorder from the war has been considerable.<a href="#cite_note-Anderson-damage-208">[208]</a> There are frequent electric outages, little business activity, and a loss in revenues from oil by 90%.<a href="#cite_note-Anderson-damage-208">[208]</a> Over 5,700 people died from the fighting by the end of 2016,<a href="#cite_note-Body_Count-119">[119]</a> and some sources claim nearly a third of the country's population has fled to <a href="/wiki/Tunisia" title="Tunisia">Tunisia</a> as <a href="/wiki/Refugees" class="mw-redirect" title="Refugees">refugees</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Anderson-damage-208">[208]</a> Since Field Marshal <a href="/wiki/Khalifa_Haftar" title="Khalifa Haftar">Khalifa Haftar</a> had captured the ports of Libya's state-run oil company, <a href="/wiki/National_Oil_Corporation" title="National Oil Corporation">the National Oil Corporation</a>, in Es Sider and Ra's Lanuf, oil production has risen from 220,000 barrels a day to about 600,000 barrels per day.<a href="#cite_note-209">[209]</a> The war has prompted a considerable number of the country's sizeable foreign labour force to leave the country as extremist groups such as ISIL have targeted them; prior to the 2011, the Egyptian Ministry of Labour estimated that there were two million Egyptians working in the country yet since the escalation of attacks on Egyptian labourers the Egyptian Foreign Ministry estimates more than 800,000 Egyptians have left the country to return to Egypt.<a href="#cite_note-210">[210]</a> <a href="/wiki/Land_mines" class="mw-redirect" title="Land mines">Land mines</a> remain a persistent threat in the country as numerous militias, especially ISIL, have made heavy use of land mines and other hidden explosives; the rapidly changing front lines has meant many of these devices remain in areas out of active combat zones; civilians remain the primary casualties inflicted by land mines with mines alone killing 145 people and wounding another 1,465 according to the <a href="/wiki/International_Committee_of_the_Red_Cross" title="International Committee of the Red Cross">International Committee of the Red Cross</a> (ICRC).<a href="#cite_note-211">[211]</a><a href="#cite_note-212">[212]</a> In a report, the UN High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) revealed that it had registered over 45,600 refugees and asylum seekers in Libya during 2019.<a href="#cite_note-213">[213]</a> The World Food Programme reported that an estimated 435,000 people had been forcibly displaced from their homes during the conflict.<a href="#cite_note-214">[214]</a> On 22 October 2019, the United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF) reported that children have been suffering from different sorts of malnutrition in the war-torn nations, including Libya.<a href="#cite_note-215">[215]</a> Executive Director of UNICEF said on 18 January 2020, that thousands of Libyan children were at risk of being killed due to the ongoing conflict in Libya. Since hostile clashes between the Libyan government and Haftar's LNA forces (backed by the UAE and Egypt) have broken out in Tripoli and western Libya, conditions of children and civilians have worsened.<a href="#cite_note-216">[216]</a> The blockade on Libya's major oil fields and production units by Haftar's forces has sown losses of over $255 million within the six-day period ending 23 January, according to the National Oil Corporation in Libya.<a href="#cite_note-217">[217]</a> The NOC and ENI, which runs Mellitah Oil & Gas in Libya, have suffered a production loss of 155,000 oil barrels per day due to the blockade on production facilities imposed by Haftar's LNA. The entities claim losing revenue of around $9.4mn per day.<a href="#cite_note-218">[218]</a> Since the beginning of Libyan conflict, thousands of refugees forced to live in detention centres are suffering from mental health problems, especially women and children, who are struggling to confront the deaths of their family members in the war.<a href="#cite_note-219">[219]</a> On 7 February 2020, the UNHCR reported that the overall number of migrants intercepted by the Libyan coast guard in January surged 121% against the same period in 2019. The ongoing war has turned the country into a huge haven for migrants fleeing violence and poverty in Africa and the Middle East.<a href="#cite_note-220">[220]</a> On 6 April, an armed group invaded a control station in Shwerif, the <a href="/wiki/Great_Man-Made_River" title="Great Man-Made River">Great Man-Made River</a> project, stopped water from being pumped to <a href="/wiki/Tripoli,_Libya" title="Tripoli, Libya">Tripoli</a>, and threatened the workers. The armed group's move was a way to pressure and force the release of the detained family members. On 10 April 2020, the <a href="/wiki/United_Nations" title="United Nations">United Nations</a> humanitarian coordinator for Libya, Yacoub El Hillo condemned the water supply cutoff as "particularly reprehensible".<a href="#cite_note-221">[221]</a> On 21 April 2020, the <a href="/wiki/UN" class="mw-redirect" title="UN">UN</a> took in to consideration the "dramatic increase" of shelling on densely populated areas of <a href="/wiki/Tripoli,_Libya" title="Tripoli, Libya">Tripoli</a>, and claimed that continuation of war is worsening the humanitarian situation of <a href="/wiki/Libya" title="Libya">Libya</a>. The organisation also warned that such activities could possibly lead to war crimes.<a href="#cite_note-222">[222]</a> The <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Support_Mission_in_Libya" title="United Nations Support Mission in Libya">United Nations Support Mission in Libya</a> (UNSMIL) in its first quarter report for 2020 on the civilian casualty in Libya cited that approximately 131 casualties have taken place between 1 January and 31 March 2020. The figures included 64 deaths and 67 injuries, all of which were a result of the ground fighting, bombing and targeted killing led by <a href="/wiki/Khalifa_Haftar" title="Khalifa Haftar">Khalifa Haftar</a>'s army, the <a href="/wiki/Libyan_National_Army" title="Libyan National Army">LNA</a>, backed by the <a href="/wiki/United_Arab_Emirates" title="United Arab Emirates">United Arab Emirates</a>.<a href="#cite_note-223">[223]</a><a href="#cite_note-224">[224]</a> On 5 May 2020, The <a href="/wiki/International_Criminal_Court" title="International Criminal Court">International Criminal Court</a>'s chief prosecutor <a href="/wiki/Fatou_Bensouda" title="Fatou Bensouda">Fatou Bensouda</a>, raised concerns over the continuous spree of attacks by Haftar on <a href="/wiki/Tripoli,_Libya" title="Tripoli, Libya">Tripoli</a>. The prosecutor said that actions endanger lives and warned of possible <a href="/wiki/War_crimes" class="mw-redirect" title="War crimes">war crimes</a> due to current affairs. "Of particular concern to my Office are the high numbers of civilian casualties, largely reported to be resulting from airstrikes and shelling operations," she expressed in a statement.<a href="#cite_note-225">[225]</a> On 10 November 2020, prominent Libyan activist, <a href="/wiki/Hanane_Al-Barassi" class="mw-redirect" title="Hanane Al-Barassi">Hanane al-Barassi</a>, was killed in <a href="/wiki/Benghazi" title="Benghazi">Benghazi</a>. The 46-year-old Barassi was an outspoken critic of humanitarian abuses committed in the eastern areas controlled by <a href="/wiki/UAE" class="mw-redirect" title="UAE">UAE</a>-backed <a href="/wiki/Khalifa_Haftar" title="Khalifa Haftar">Khalifa Haftar</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Libyan_National_Army" title="Libyan National Army">Libyan National Army</a> (LNA). She was known for giving voice to female victims of violence through the videos she posted on <a href="/wiki/Social_media" title="Social media">social media</a>.<a href="#cite_note-226">[226]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Timeline">Timeline</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Libyan_civil_war_(2014%E2%80%932020)&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: Timeline">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Libyan_civil_war_(2014%E2%80%932020)" title="Timeline of the Libyan civil war (2014–2020)">Timeline of the Libyan civil war (2014–2020)</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Peace_process">Peace process</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Libyan_civil_war_(2014%E2%80%932020)&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: Peace process">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Libyan_peace_process" title="Libyan peace process">Libyan peace process</a> and <a href="/wiki/Libyan_Political_Dialogue_Forum" title="Libyan Political Dialogue Forum">Libyan Political Dialogue Forum</a></div> During the first half of 2015, the United Nations facilitated a series of negotiations seeking to bring together the rival governments and warring militias of Libya.<a href="#cite_note-aa09062015-227">[227]</a> A meeting between the rival governments was held at <a href="/wiki/Auberge_de_Castille" title="Auberge de Castille">Auberge de Castille</a> in <a href="/wiki/Valletta" title="Valletta">Valletta</a>, <a href="/wiki/Malta" title="Malta">Malta</a> on 16 December 2015. On 17 December, delegates from the two governments signed a peace deal backed by the UN in <a href="/wiki/Skhirat" title="Skhirat">Skhirat</a>, <a href="/wiki/Morocco" title="Morocco">Morocco</a>, although there was opposition to this within both factions.<a href="#cite_note-peacedeal-1">[1]</a><a href="#cite_note-Times_of_Malta-2">[2]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Government_of_National_Accord" title="Government of National Accord">Government of National Accord</a> was formed as a result of this agreement, and its first meeting took place in <a href="/wiki/Tunis" title="Tunis">Tunis</a> on 2 January 2016.<a href="#cite_note-228">[228]</a> On 17 December 2017, general <a href="/wiki/Khalifa_Haftar" title="Khalifa Haftar">Khalifa Haftar</a> declared the Skhirat agreement void.<a href="#cite_note-alj2112-229">[229]</a> A meeting called the <a href="/wiki/Libyan_National_Conference" title="Libyan National Conference">Libyan National Conference</a> was planned in <a href="/wiki/Ghadames" title="Ghadames">Ghadames</a> for organising <a href="/wiki/2019_Libyan_general_election" class="mw-redirect" title="2019 Libyan general election">elections</a> and a peace process in <a href="/wiki/Libya" title="Libya">Libya</a>.<a href="#cite_note-WashPost_NatConf-230">[230]</a> The conference was prepared over 18 months during 2018 and 2019 and was planned to take place 14–16 April 2019.<a href="#cite_note-UNSMIL_Salame_20190409-231">[231]</a> It was postponed in early April 2019 as a result of the military actions of the <a href="/wiki/2019_Western_Libya_offensive" class="mw-redirect" title="2019 Western Libya offensive">2019 Western Libya offensive</a>.<a href="#cite_note-NatConf_postponed-232">[232]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Secretary_Pompeo_meets_with_World_Leaders_in_Berlin_Germany_(49408271243).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Secretary_Pompeo_meets_with_World_Leaders_in_Berlin_Germany_%2849408271243%29.jpg/220px-Secretary_Pompeo_meets_with_World_Leaders_in_Berlin_Germany_%2849408271243%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="114" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Secretary_Pompeo_meets_with_World_Leaders_in_Berlin_Germany_%2849408271243%29.jpg/330px-Secretary_Pompeo_meets_with_World_Leaders_in_Berlin_Germany_%2849408271243%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Secretary_Pompeo_meets_with_World_Leaders_in_Berlin_Germany_%2849408271243%29.jpg/440px-Secretary_Pompeo_meets_with_World_Leaders_in_Berlin_Germany_%2849408271243%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1065" /></a><figcaption>The Libya Summit in Berlin, Germany on 19 January 2020</figcaption></figure> In July 2019, <a href="/wiki/Ghassan_Salam%C3%A9" title="Ghassan Salamé">Ghassan Salamé</a>, the head of the <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Support_Mission_in_Libya" title="United Nations Support Mission in Libya">United Nations Support Mission in Libya</a> (UNSMIL), proposed a three-point peace plan (a truce during <a href="/wiki/Eid_al-Adha" title="Eid al-Adha">Eid al-Adha</a>, an international meeting of countries implicated in the conflict, and an internal Libyan conference similar to the Libyan National Conference).<a href="#cite_note-UNSMIL_Salame_190904-233">[233]</a> In September 2019, the <a href="/wiki/Peace_and_Security_Council" title="Peace and Security Council">Peace and Security Council</a> (PSC) of the African Union (AU) discussed the need for the PSC to play a greater role in concluding the Libyan crisis, putting forward a proposal to appoint a joint AU-UN envoy to Libya.<a href="#cite_note-234">[234]</a> Turkish President RT Erdogan and his Russian counterpart Vladimir Putin made a joint call for ceasefire, starting 12 January 2020, to end the proxy war in Libya.<a href="#cite_note-235">[235]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Ceasefire" title="Ceasefire">ceasefire</a> is said to have been broken hours after its initiation. Both the warring parties – GNA supported by <a href="/wiki/Turkey" title="Turkey">Turkey</a> and LNA backed by <a href="/wiki/Saudi_Arabia" title="Saudi Arabia">Saudi</a>, <a href="/wiki/United_Arab_Emirates" title="United Arab Emirates">UAE</a>, <a href="/wiki/Egypt" title="Egypt">Egypt</a> and <a href="/wiki/Jordan" title="Jordan">Jordan</a> – blamed each other for the violence that broke out in <a href="/wiki/Tripoli,_Libya" title="Tripoli, Libya">Tripoli</a>.<a href="#cite_note-236">[236]</a> Turkey's Foreign Minister, <a href="/wiki/Mevl%C3%BCt_%C3%87avu%C5%9Fo%C4%9Flu" title="Mevlüt Çavuşoğlu">Mevlüt Çavuşoğlu</a> said Khalifa Haftar, who is backed by foreign powers including the UAE, does not want peace and is seeking a military solution to the drawn-out war in the country.<a href="#cite_note-237">[237]</a> Haftar's forces launched attacks on Abu Gurain province, near the port city of Misurata, Libya's UN-recognized government claimed. The attacks were seen as a violation of cease-fire accord signed at the Berlin Conference.<a href="#cite_note-238">[238]</a> On 12 February, the <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Security_Council" title="United Nations Security Council">United Nations Security Council</a> adopted a resolution demanding a "lasting cease-fire" in Libya. Drafted by <a href="/wiki/UK" class="mw-redirect" title="UK">Britain</a>, it received 14 votes, while <a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia">Russia</a> abstained.<a href="#cite_note-239">[239]</a> Around 19 February, the government withdrew from peace talks following rocket attacks on Tripoli.<a href="#cite_note-240">[240]</a> At the urging of the UN, both sides agreed to a new ceasefire in late March due to the <a href="/wiki/Novel_coronavirus" title="Novel coronavirus">novel coronavirus</a>; however, the ceasefire quickly fell apart. On 24 March shells hit a prison in an area held by the GNA, drawing UN condemnation. The GNA launched a series of "counter-attacks" early on 25 March, in response to what the GNA called "the heaviest bombardments Tripoli has seen".<a href="#cite_note-reuters_2020_coronavirus-241">[241]</a> In June 2020, Egyptian president <a href="/wiki/Abdel_Fattah_el-Sisi" title="Abdel Fattah el-Sisi">Abdel Fattah el-Sisi</a> brokered an agreement with parties aligned to the Libyan National Army, calling it the <a href="/wiki/2020_Cairo_Declaration" title="2020 Cairo Declaration">Cairo Declaration</a> – However, this was quickly rejected.<a href="#cite_note-242">[242]</a> On 21 August 2020, Libya's rival authorities announced <a href="/wiki/Libyan_peace_process#21_August_ceasefire_declaration" title="Libyan peace process">an immediate ceasefire</a>. The Tripoli-based and internationally recognised Government of National Accord (GNA) published a statement that also calls for <a href="/wiki/2021_Libyan_general_election" class="mw-redirect" title="2021 Libyan general election">elections in March 2021</a>.<a href="#cite_note-243">[243]</a><a href="#cite_note-244">[244]</a> The <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Security_Council" title="United Nations Security Council">United Nations Security Council</a> received a confidential report in September 2020, which provided details of the extensive violations of the international arms embargo on <a href="/wiki/Libya" title="Libya">Libya</a>, since the beginning of 2020. The UN identified eight countries breaching embargo. Besides, the <a href="/wiki/United_Arab_Emirates" title="United Arab Emirates">United Arab Emirates</a> and <a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia">Russia</a> were found to have sent five cargo aircraft filled with weapons to Libya on 19 January 2020, when the world leaders were signing a pledge to respect the arms embargo on Libya, at the <a href="/wiki/Libyan_peace_process" title="Libyan peace process">Berlin conference</a>. Four out of the five cargo airplanes belonged to the UAE.<a href="#cite_note-245">[245]</a> On 16 September 2020, Turkish Foreign Minister Mevlüt Çavuşoğlu told CNN Turk that Turkey and Russia have moved closer to an agreement on a ceasefire and political process in Libya during their latest meetings in Ankara. According to <a href="/wiki/Reuters" title="Reuters">Reuters</a>, Turkey and Russia were the main power brokers in the Libyan war, backing opposing sides. Russia supported the eastern-based forces of Khalifa Haftar, while Turkey backed Libya's internationally recognised Government of National Accord.<a href="#cite_note-246">[246]</a> In September 2020, the <a href="/wiki/European_Union" title="European Union">European Union</a> issued <a href="/wiki/Sanctions_(law)" title="Sanctions (law)">sanctions</a> against two people, who were indirectly or directly engaged in serious <a href="/wiki/Human_rights_abuses" class="mw-redirect" title="Human rights abuses">human rights abuses</a>. While <a href="/wiki/Benghazi" title="Benghazi">Benghazi</a>-based <a href="/wiki/Mahmoud_al-Werfalli" title="Mahmoud al-Werfalli">Mahmoud al-Werfalli</a> was engaged in violations like killings and executions, Moussa Diab was involved in <a href="/wiki/Human_trafficking" title="Human trafficking">human trafficking</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Kidnapping" title="Kidnapping">kidnapping</a>, <a href="/wiki/Raping" class="mw-redirect" title="Raping">raping</a> and killing of <a href="/wiki/Human_migration" title="Human migration">migrants</a> and <a href="/wiki/Refugees" class="mw-redirect" title="Refugees">refugees</a>. Three companies, <a href="/wiki/Turkey" title="Turkey">Turkish</a> maritime firm Avrasya Shipping, <a href="/wiki/Jordan" title="Jordan">Jordan</a>-based Med Wave Shipping and a <a href="/wiki/Kazakhstan" title="Kazakhstan">Kazakhstan</a>-based air freight company, Sigma Airlines, were also sanctioned for breaching the <a href="/wiki/Libyan_peace_process" title="Libyan peace process">UN arms embargo</a> by transferring military material to <a href="/wiki/Libya" title="Libya">Libya</a>.<a href="#cite_note-247">[247]</a> Among these, Sigma Airlines was also found involved in the air-borne hard cash shipments for the <a href="/wiki/Khalifa_Haftar" title="Khalifa Haftar">Khalifa Haftar</a>'s government from the <a href="/wiki/United_Arab_Emirates" title="United Arab Emirates">United Arab Emirates</a>, <a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia">Russia</a> and the <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a>, among others. Sigma Airlines was also involved in a bank-note delivery made on 29 January 2019 for the <a href="/wiki/Libyan_National_Army" title="Libyan National Army">LNA</a>, using a commercial network operating through the UAE, <a href="/wiki/Ukraine" title="Ukraine">Ukraine</a>, Jordan and <a href="/wiki/Belarus" title="Belarus">Belarus</a>. In approximately $227 million bank note transfers, $91 million came from the UK, $27 million from Russia and $5 million from the UAE, which recorded highest number of transfers among 14 countries that were involved.<a href="#cite_note-248">[248]</a><a href="#cite_note-249">[249]</a> On 23 October 2020, the 5+5 Joint Libyan Military Commission representing the LNA and the GNA reached a "<a href="/wiki/Libyan_peace_process#Military_track:_permanent_ceasefire" title="Libyan peace process">permanent ceasefire agreement in all areas of Libya</a>". The agreement, effective immediately, required that all foreign fighters leave Libya within three months while a joint police force would patrol disputed areas. The first commercial flight between Tripoli and Benghazi took place that same day.<a href="#cite_note-auto6-143">[143]</a><a href="#cite_note-auto4-144">[144]</a> The war concluded on 24 October 2020.<a href="#cite_note-auto5-250">[250]</a> UN-sponsored peace talks failed to establish an interim government by 16 November 2020, although both sides pledged to try again in a week.<a href="#cite_note-251">[251]</a> Talks by the Advisory Committee of the <a href="/wiki/Libya_Political_Dialogue_Forum" class="mw-redirect" title="Libya Political Dialogue Forum">Libya Political Dialogue Forum</a> (LPDF) in Geneva during 13–16 January 2021 produced a proposal for a procedure for selecting a unified executive authority. On 18 January, 72 of the LPDF members participated in a vote on the proposal. The proposal passed, attaining more than the 63% decision threshold, with 51 voters in favour, 19 against, 2 abstentions and 2 absences. The validated electoral procedure involves electoral colleges, support from the West, East and South of Libya, a 60% initial threshold, and a 50% plus one second-round threshold, for positions in the <a href="/wiki/Presidential_Council_(Libya)" title="Presidential Council (Libya)">Presidency Council</a> and for the <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Libya" class="mw-redirect" title="Prime Minister of Libya">prime ministership</a>.<a href="#cite_note-LPDF_unified_executive_selection_mechanism-252">[252]</a><a href="#cite_note-UNSMIL_LPDF_approves_selection_mech-253">[253]</a> On 19 February 2021, a confidential report by the <a href="/wiki/United_Nations" title="United Nations">United Nations</a> revealed that the former CEO of <a href="/wiki/Blackwater_(company)" title="Blackwater (company)">Blackwater</a>, <a href="/wiki/Erik_Prince" title="Erik Prince">Erik Prince</a> breached the Libyan arms embargo by supporting and supplying weapons to Khalifa Haftar under an operation that cost $80 million. In 2019, Prince deployed foreign mercenaries to eastern Libya, who were armed with gunboats, attack aircraft, and cyberwarfare capabilities. While the report didn't conclude who funded the mercenary operation, analysts and Western officials asserted that it was most likely the UAE. The report noted that the mercenaries had offices, shell companies, and bank accounts in the Gulf nation.<a href="#cite_note-254">[254]</a> The FBI also opened an investigation into the failed mercenary plot of 2019. The agency was also looking into determining the role of Erik Prince in the attempted sale of aircraft and other materiel from Jordan to the UAE-backed Khalifa Haftar. Previous reports have highlighted that a Jordanian royal <a href="/wiki/Prince_Faisal_bin_Hussein" title="Prince Faisal bin Hussein">Feisal Ibn al-Hussein</a> worked with Prince to organize the weapons transfer to Libya. However, the Jordanian government had aborted the sale.<a href="#cite_note-Intercept-30-10-2021-255">[255]</a> Following which, Prince organized a meeting between his business associate Christiaan Durrant and a member of <a href="/wiki/Donald_Trump" title="Donald Trump">Donald Trump</a>'s <a href="/wiki/United_States_National_Security_Council" title="United States National Security Council">National Security Council</a>. During the meeting, Durrant explained Prince's Libyan campaign plan backing Haftar to the NSC official and asked for the US' support.<a href="#cite_note-256">[256]</a> A UN report also revealed that three aircraft controlled or owned by Prince were transferred to a mercenary firm connected to him and located in the United Arab Emirates. However, Prince was not charged with a crime.<a href="#cite_note-Intercept-30-10-2021-255">[255]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Reactions">Reactions</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Libyan_civil_war_(2014%E2%80%932020)&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: Reactions">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Domestic_reactions">Domestic reactions</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Libyan_civil_war_(2014%E2%80%932020)&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: Domestic reactions">edit</a>]</div> <a href="/wiki/Khalifa_Haftar" title="Khalifa Haftar">Khalifa Haftar</a> and his supporters describe Operation Dignity as a "correction to the path of <a href="/wiki/Libyan_Civil_War_(2011)" class="mw-redirect" title="Libyan Civil War (2011)">the revolution</a>" and a "<a href="/wiki/War_on_Terror" class="mw-redirect" title="War on Terror">war on terrorism</a>".<a href="#cite_note-257">[257]</a><a href="#cite_note-258">[258]</a><a href="#cite_note-259">[259]</a> The elected parliament has declared that Haftar's enemies are "terrorists".<a href="#cite_note-bbc.co.uk-189">[189]</a> Opponents of Haftar and the House of Representatives' government in <a href="/wiki/Tripoli,_Libya" title="Tripoli, Libya">Tripoli</a> claim he is attempting a <a href="/wiki/Coup" class="mw-redirect" title="Coup">coup</a>. Omar al-Hasi, the internationally unrecognized Prime Minister of the Libya Dawn-backed Tripoli government, speaking of his allies' actions, has stated that: "This is a correction of the revolution." He has also contended: "Our revolution had fallen into a trap."<a href="#cite_note-260">[260]</a> Dawn commanders claim to be fighting for a "revolutionary" cause rather than for religious or partisan objectives.<a href="#cite_note-261">[261]</a> Islamist militia group <a href="/wiki/Ansar_al-Sharia_(Libya)" title="Ansar al-Sharia (Libya)">Ansar al-Sharia</a> (linked to the <a href="/wiki/2012_Benghazi_attack" title="2012 Benghazi attack">2012 Benghazi attack</a>) has denounced Haftar's campaign as a Western-backed "<a href="/wiki/War_against_Islam" class="mw-redirect" title="War against Islam">war on Islam</a>"<a href="#cite_note-262">[262]</a> and has declared the establishment of the "Islamic Emirate of Benghazi". The National Oil Corporation (NOC) denounced calls to blockade oil fields prior to the Berlin Conference on 19 January 2020, calling it a criminal act. The entity warned to prosecute offenders to the highest degree under Libyan and international law.<a href="#cite_note-263">[263]</a> Dignitaries from Tripoli, Sahel and Mountain regions in Libya expressed discomposure at the UN envoy's briefing to Libya, Ghassan Salame at the Security Council, for equalizing the aggressors (Haftar's forces backed by UAE and Egypt) and the defender (GNA forces). They said Salame's statements made both the parties equal amid Haftar's offensive in Tripoli and the war crimes committed against civilians, including children.<a href="#cite_note-264">[264]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Foreign_reactions,_involvement,_and_evacuations">Foreign reactions, involvement, and evacuations</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Libyan_civil_war_(2014%E2%80%932020)&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section: Foreign reactions, involvement, and evacuations">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Neighboring_countries">Neighboring countries</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Libyan_civil_war_(2014%E2%80%932020)&action=edit&section=29" title="Edit section: Neighboring countries">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Flag_of_Algeria.svg/23px-Flag_of_Algeria.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Flag_of_Algeria.svg/35px-Flag_of_Algeria.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Flag_of_Algeria.svg/45px-Flag_of_Algeria.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Algeria" title="Algeria">Algeria</a> – Early in May 2014, the <a href="/wiki/Algerian_military" class="mw-redirect" title="Algerian military">Algerian military</a> said it was engaged in an operation aimed at tracking down militants who infiltrated the country's territory in <a href="/wiki/Tamanrasset_Province" title="Tamanrasset Province">Tamanrasset</a> near the Libyan <a href="/wiki/Algeria%E2%80%93Libya_border" title="Algeria–Libya border">border</a>, during which it announced that it managed to kill 10 "terrorists" and seized a large cache of weapons near the town of <a href="/wiki/Djanet" title="Djanet">Janet</a> consisting of automatic rifles, rocket-propelled grenades and ammunition boxes.<a href="#cite_note-265">[265]</a> <a href="/wiki/The_Times" title="The Times">The Times</a> reported on 30 May that Algerian forces were strongly present in Libya and it was claimed shortly after by an Algerian journalist from <a href="/wiki/El_Watan" title="El Watan">El Watan</a> that a full regiment of 3,500 paratroopers logistically supported by 1,500 other men crossed into Libya and occupied a zone in the west of the country. They were later shown to be operating alongside French special forces in the region. However, all of these claims were later denied by the <a href="/wiki/Algerian_government" class="mw-redirect" title="Algerian government">Algerian government</a> through <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Algeria" title="Prime Minister of Algeria">Prime Minister</a> <a href="/wiki/Abdelmalek_Sellal" title="Abdelmalek Sellal">Abdelmalek Sellal</a> who told the senate that "Algeria has always shown its willingness to assist [our] sister countries, but things are clear: the Algerian army will not undertake any operation outside Algerian territory".<a href="#cite_note-266">[266]</a> On 16 May 2014, the Algerian government responded to a threat on its embassy in Libya by sending a team of special forces to Tripoli to escort its diplomatic staff in a military plane out of the country. "Due to a real and imminent threat targeting our diplomats the decision was taken in coordination with Libyan authorities to urgently close our embassy and consulate general temporarily in Tripoli," the <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Foreign_Affairs_(Algeria)" title="Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Algeria)">Algerian Foreign Ministry</a> said in a statement.<a href="#cite_note-267">[267]</a> Three days later, the Algerian government shut down all of its border crossings with Libya and the army command raised its security alert status by tightening its presence along the border, especially on the Tinalkoum and Debdab border crossings. This also came as the state-owned energy firm, <a href="/wiki/Sonatrach" title="Sonatrach">Sonatrach</a>, evacuated all of its workers from Libya and halted production in the country.<a href="#cite_note-268">[268]</a> In mid-August, Algeria opened its border for Egyptian refugees stranded in Libya and said it would grant them exceptional visas to facilitate their return to Egypt.<a href="#cite_note-Egyptian_shot_dead,_Algeria_to_open_border-269">[269]</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Flag_of_Chad.svg/23px-Flag_of_Chad.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Flag_of_Chad.svg/35px-Flag_of_Chad.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Flag_of_Chad.svg/45px-Flag_of_Chad.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Chad" title="Chad">Chad</a> – In June 2020, Chadian President <a href="/wiki/Idriss_D%C3%A9by" title="Idriss Déby">Idriss Déby</a> announced his support to Khalifa Haftar's force in Libya, and had sent 1,500 to 2,000 troops to help Haftar, in wake of call from the United Arab Emirates to support Haftar's force against the strengthening Tripoli government and to end incursions by anti-Déby rebels.<a href="#cite_note-270">[270]</a> Chadian oppositions have accused Khalifa Haftar of his attempt to assassinate Chadian opposition leaders.<a href="#cite_note-271">[271]</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_Egypt.svg/23px-Flag_of_Egypt.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_Egypt.svg/35px-Flag_of_Egypt.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_Egypt.svg/45px-Flag_of_Egypt.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Egypt" title="Egypt">Egypt</a> – Egyptian authorities have long expressed concern over the instability in eastern Libya spilling over into Egypt due to the rise of jihadist movements in the region, which the government believes to have developed into a safe transit for wanted Islamists following the <a href="/wiki/2013_Egyptian_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="2013 Egyptian coup d'état">2013 coup d'état</a> in Egypt that ousted <a href="/wiki/Muslim_Brotherhood" title="Muslim Brotherhood">Muslim Brotherhood</a>-backed president <a href="/wiki/Mohamed_Morsi" title="Mohamed Morsi">Mohamed Morsi</a>. There have been numerous attacks on Egypt's trade interests in Libya which were rampant prior to Haftar's offensive, especially with the kidnapping of truck drivers and sometimes workers were murdered.<a href="#cite_note-272">[272]</a> Due to this, the military-backed government in Egypt had many reasons to support Haftar's rebellion and the Islamist <a href="/wiki/February_17th_Martyrs_Brigade" title="February 17th Martyrs Brigade">February 17th Martyrs Brigade</a> operating in Libya has accused the Egyptian government of supplying Haftar with weapons and ammunition, a claim denied by both Cairo and the rebel leader.<a href="#cite_note-273">[273]</a> Furthermore, Egyptian President <a href="/wiki/Abdel_Fattah_el-Sisi" title="Abdel Fattah el-Sisi">Abdel Fattah el-Sisi</a>, who has become increasingly popular among many Libyans wishing for stability,<a href="#cite_note-274">[274]</a> has called on the United States to intervene militarily in Libya during his presidential candidacy, warning that Libya was becoming a major security challenge and vowed not to allow the turmoil there to threaten Egypt's national security.<a href="#cite_note-275">[275]</a> On 21 July 2014, the Egyptian Foreign Ministry urged its nationals residing in Libya to adopt measures of extreme caution as it was preparing to send consular staff in order to facilitate their return their country following <a href="/wiki/July_2014_Al-Wadi_Al-Gedid_attack" class="mw-redirect" title="July 2014 Al-Wadi Al-Gedid attack">an attack</a> in Egypt's western desert region near the <a href="/wiki/Egypt%E2%80%93Libya_border" title="Egypt–Libya border">border</a> with Libya that left 22 Egyptian border guards killed.<a href="#cite_note-276">[276]</a> A week later, the ministry announced that it would double its diplomatic officials on the Libyan-Tunisian border and reiterated its call on Egyptian nationals to find shelter in safer places in Libya.<a href="#cite_note-277">[277]</a> On 3 August, Egypt, Libya and Tunisia agreed to cooperate by establishing an <a href="/wiki/Airbridge_(logistics)" title="Airbridge (logistics)">airbridge</a> between Cairo and Tunis that would facilitate the transfer of 2,000 to 2,500 Egyptians from Libya daily.<a href="#cite_note-278">[278]</a> On 31 July 2014, two Egyptians were shot dead during a clash at the Libyan-Tunisian border where hundreds of Egyptians were staging a protest at the Ras Jdeir border crossing. As they tried to cross into Tunisia, Libyan authorities opened fire to disperse them.<a href="#cite_note-279">[279]</a> A similar incident occurred once again on 15 August, when Libyan security forces shot dead an Egyptian who attempted to force his way through the border along with hundreds of stranded Egyptians and almost 1,200 Egyptians made it into Tunisia that day.<a href="#cite_note-Egyptian_shot_dead,_Algeria_to_open_border-269">[269]</a> This came a few days after Egypt's Minister of Civil Aviation, Hossam Kamal, announced that the emergency airlift consisting of 46 flights aimed at evacuating the country's nationals from Libya came to a conclusion, adding that 11,500 Egyptians in total had returned from the war-torn country as of 9 August.<a href="#cite_note-280">[280]</a> A week later, all Egyptians on the Libyan-Tunisian border were evacuated and the consulate's staff, who were reassigned to work at the border area, withdrew from Libya following the operation's success.<a href="#cite_note-281">[281]</a> Meanwhile, an estimated 50,000 Egyptians (4,000 per day) arrived at the <a href="/wiki/Sallum" title="Sallum">Salloum</a> border crossing on the Libyan-Egyptian border as of early August.<a href="#cite_note-282">[282]</a> In 2020, Egypt helped devise the <a href="/wiki/2020_Cairo_Declaration" title="2020 Cairo Declaration">2020 Cairo Declaration</a>, however, this was quickly rejected. On 21 June 2020, the President of Egypt, <a href="/wiki/Abdel_Fattah_al-Sisi" class="mw-redirect" title="Abdel Fattah al-Sisi">Abdel Fattah al-Sisi</a> ordered his army to be prepared for any mission outside the nation, stating that his country has a legitimate right to intervene in neighboring Libya. Besides, he also warned the GNA forces to not cross the current frontline with Haftar's LNA.<a href="#cite_note-283">[283]</a><a href="#cite_note-284">[284]</a> An official statement issued by <a href="/wiki/Saudi_Arabia" title="Saudi Arabia">Saudi Arabia</a> and <a href="/wiki/United_Arab_Emirates" title="United Arab Emirates">United Arab Emirates</a> on 21 June 2020, stated that the two Gulf nations extended full support to the Egypt's government regarding its intentions of military intervention in Libya. The <a href="/wiki/United_Nations" title="United Nations">UN</a>-recognized <a href="/wiki/Government_of_National_Accord" title="Government of National Accord">GNA</a> condemned <a href="/wiki/Egypt" title="Egypt">Egypt</a>, UAE, <a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia">Russia</a> and <a href="/wiki/France" title="France">France</a> for providing military support to <a href="/wiki/Khalifa_Haftar" title="Khalifa Haftar">Haftar</a>'s militias.<a href="#cite_note-285">[285]</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Malta.svg/23px-Flag_of_Malta.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Malta.svg/35px-Flag_of_Malta.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Malta.svg/45px-Flag_of_Malta.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Malta" title="Malta">Malta</a> – Along with most of the international community, <a href="/wiki/Malta" title="Malta">Malta</a> continues to recognize the Government of National Accord as the legitimate government of Libya.<a href="#cite_note-286">[286]</a> I Eastern Libyan government chargé d'affaires Hussin Musrati insisted that by doing so, Malta was "interfering in Libyan affairs".<a href="#cite_note-287">[287]</a> Due to the conflict, there are currently two Libyan embassies in Malta. The General National Congress now controls the official Libyan Embassy in <a href="/wiki/Balzan" title="Balzan">Balzan</a>, while the Tobruk-based Eastern Libyan House of Representatives has opened a consulate in <a href="/wiki/Ta%27_Xbiex" title="Ta' Xbiex">Ta' Xbiex</a>. Each of the two embassies say that visas issued by the other entity are not valid.<a href="#cite_note-288">[288]</a> Following the expansion of ISIL in Libya, particularly the <a href="/wiki/Fall_of_Nofaliya_(2015)" title="Fall of Nofaliya (2015)">fall of Nawfaliya</a>, the Maltese <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Malta" title="Prime Minister of Malta">Prime Minister</a> <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Muscat" title="Joseph Muscat">Joseph Muscat</a> and <a href="/wiki/Leader_of_the_Opposition_(Malta)" title="Leader of the Opposition (Malta)">Leader of the Opposition</a> <a href="/wiki/Simon_Busuttil" title="Simon Busuttil">Simon Busuttil</a> called for the <a href="/wiki/United_Nations" title="United Nations">United Nations</a> and <a href="/wiki/European_Union" title="European Union">European Union</a> to intervene in Libya to prevent the country from becoming a failed state.<a href="#cite_note-289">[289]</a><a href="#cite_note-290">[290]</a> In 2020 Malta stated that its policy on Libya was in line with that of Turkey.<a href="#cite_note-timesofmalta2020-07-25-76">[76]</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Flag_of_Sudan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Sudan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Flag_of_Sudan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Sudan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Flag_of_Sudan.svg/46px-Flag_of_Sudan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Sudan" title="Sudan">Sudan</a> – At the early stage of the conflict, Sudanese dictator <a href="/wiki/Omar_al-Bashir" title="Omar al-Bashir">Omar al-Bashir</a>, an Islamist himself, had sought to reach support to the Tripoli government, having supplied weaponry and aids to the rebels overthrowing Muammar Gaddafi.<a href="#cite_note-291">[291]</a> However, after al-Bashir's realignment with Saudi Arabia in wake of <a href="/wiki/Yemeni_Civil_War_(2015%E2%80%93present)" class="mw-redirect" title="Yemeni Civil War (2015–present)">Yemeni conflict</a>, Sudan provided support to Haftar's force to gain support from Saudi Arabia. Sudan had sent 1,000 militia personnel to aid Haftar.<a href="#cite_note-292">[292]</a> Nonetheless, in July 2017, General <a href="/wiki/Khalifa_Haftar" title="Khalifa Haftar">Khalifa Haftar</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Libyan_National_Army" title="Libyan National Army">Libyan National Army</a> ordered the closing of the Sudanese consulate in the town of <a href="/wiki/Kufra" title="Kufra">Kufra</a>, and expelled 12 diplomats. The consul and 11 other consular staff were given 72 hours to leave the country. The reason given that the way it conducted its work was "damaging to Libyan national security." The Sudanese government protested and summoned Libyan chargé d'affaires in <a href="/wiki/Khartoum" title="Khartoum">Khartoum</a>, Ali Muftah Mahroug, in response, lingering the distrust between Haftar to the Sudanese. Sudan recognises the <a href="/wiki/Government_of_National_Accord" title="Government of National Accord">Government of National Accord</a> in Tripoli as the government of Libya, not the <a href="/wiki/House_of_Representatives_(Libya)" title="House of Representatives (Libya)">House of Representatives</a> that is backed by General Haftar. As of 2017 Sudan has not opened an embassy in Tripoli but maintains a consulate in the Libyan capital to provide service to Sudanese citizens.<a href="#cite_note-293">[293]</a> In 2020, following the overthrown of Omar al-Bashir, Sudan has sought to investigate the role of the United Arab Emirates on bringing Sudanese mercenaries fighting in Libya and have arrested a number of them.<a href="#cite_note-294">[294]</a><a href="#cite_note-295">[295]</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Flag_of_Tunisia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Tunisia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Flag_of_Tunisia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Tunisia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Flag_of_Tunisia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Tunisia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /> <a href="/wiki/Tunisia" title="Tunisia">Tunisia</a> – Post-revolutionary Tunisia also had its share of instability due to the violence in Libya as it witnessed an unprecedented rise in radical Islamism with increased militant activity and weapons' smuggling through the border.<a href="#cite_note-296">[296]</a> In response to the initial clashes in May, the Tunisian National Council for Security held an emergency meeting and decided to deploy 5,000 soldiers to the Libyan–Tunisian border in anticipation of potential consequences from the fighting.<a href="#cite_note-297">[297]</a> On 30 July 2014, Tunisian Foreign Minister <a href="/wiki/Mongi_Hamdi" title="Mongi Hamdi">Mongi Hamdi</a> said that the country cannot cope with the high number of refugees coming from Libya due to the renewed fighting. "Our country's economic situation is precarious, and we cannot cope with hundreds of thousands of refugees," Hamdi said in a statement. He also added that Tunisia will close its borders if necessary.<a href="#cite_note-298">[298]</a> Tunisian Foreign Minister, Khemaies Jhinaoui, revived Tunisia's stance to stop the fighting in Libya and follow the UN-led political suit. He stressed on rejection of military solutions to the war.<a href="#cite_note-299">[299]</a> In January 2020, Tunisia said that it is preparing to accommodate a new inflow of migrants escaping the war in Libya. The country has chosen the site of Fatnassia to receive Libyan refugees.<a href="#cite_note-300">[300]</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Others">Others</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Libyan_civil_war_(2014%E2%80%932020)&action=edit&section=30" title="Edit section: Others">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Flag_of_the_United_Nations.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_Nations.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Flag_of_the_United_Nations.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_Nations.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Flag_of_the_United_Nations.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_United_Nations.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /> <a href="/wiki/United_Nations" title="United Nations">United Nations</a> – On 27 August 2014, the <a href="/wiki/UN_Security_Council" class="mw-redirect" title="UN Security Council">UN Security Council</a> unanimously approved resolution 2174 (2014), which called for an immediate ceasefire and an inclusive political dialogue.<a href="#cite_note-301">[301]</a> The resolution also threatened to impose sanctions, such as asset freezes and travel bans, against the leaders and supporters of the various militias involved in the fighting, if the individuals threaten either the security of Libya or the political process.<a href="#cite_note-BBC_27Aug_Resolution-302">[302]</a> The United Nations Secretary-General, António Guterres, expressed his fears of a "full civil war" in Libya, unless the international community finds a political solution for the country's conflict.<a href="#cite_note-303">[303]</a> In 2019, the United Nations reported that <a href="/wiki/Jordan" title="Jordan">Jordan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Turkey" title="Turkey">Turkey</a> and the <a href="/wiki/United_Arab_Emirates" title="United Arab Emirates">United Arab Emirates</a> had systematically violated the Libyan arms embargo.<a href="#cite_note-304">[304]</a> In February 2020, Libya's Ambassador to the UN, Taher Al-Sunni, emphasized on documenting attacks against civilians, medical personnel and field hospitals in Libya, during his meeting with the Director-General of the International Committee of the Red Cross.<a href="#cite_note-305">[305]</a> Around 2 March 2020, Ghassan Salamé (the UN special envoy to Libya) resigned, citing the failure of powerful nations to meet their recent commitments.<a href="#cite_note-306">[306]</a> In June 2020, UN secretary general, <a href="/wiki/Ant%C3%B3nio_Guterres" title="António Guterres">António Guterres</a> condemned and expressed shock at discovering mass graves in a Libyan territory that was formerly captured by the forces of general <a href="/wiki/Khalifa_Haftar" title="Khalifa Haftar">Khalifa Haftar</a>, backed by the governments of <a href="/wiki/Egypt" title="Egypt">Egypt</a>, <a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia">Russia</a> and the <a href="/wiki/United_Arab_Emirates" title="United Arab Emirates">United Arab Emirates</a>. Guterres commanded the UN-backed government to ensure identifying the victims, investigate into the cause of death and return the bodies to the respective family.<a href="#cite_note-307">[307]</a> On 25 September 2020, UN diplomats revealed that Russia and <a href="/wiki/China" title="China">China</a> blocked the official release of a report by UN experts on Libya. The report accused the warring parties and their international backers, including Russia, the United Arab Emirates and <a href="/wiki/Egypt" title="Egypt">Egypt</a>, of violating the 2011 UN <a href="/wiki/Arms_embargo" title="Arms embargo">arms embargo</a> on the war-torn country.<a href="#cite_note-308">[308]</a> The UN identified the Sigma Airlines also known as Sigma Aviation and Air Sigma, a commercial cargo air company from <a href="/wiki/Kazakhstan" title="Kazakhstan">Kazakhstan</a>, as one of the commercial air cargo providers that have violated the arms embargo in Libya.<a href="#cite_note-EU_September_sanctions-309">[309]</a> In March 2021, in a new report, UN accused United Arab Emirates, Russia, Egypt, Turkey and Qatar of extensive and blatant violations. The report included photos, diagrams and maps in order to support the accusations.<a href="#cite_note-310">[310]</a><a href="#cite_note-311">[311]</a> The UN report stated that Erik Prince attempted to deploy a Light Attack and Surveillance Aircraft (LASA) to Libya, disguised as a crop duster. The aircraft, LASA T-Bird, was owned by a UAE-based firm, L-6 FZE. Besides, it was modified with some deadly additions- “a 16-57mm Rocket Pod, a 32-57mm Rocket Pod and a gun pod fitted with twin 23mm cannon under its wings”.<a href="#cite_note-312">[312]</a><a href="#cite_note-313">[313]</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/23px-Flag_of_France.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/35px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/45px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/France" title="France">France</a> – On 30 July 2014, the French government temporarily closed its embassy in Tripoli, while 40 French, including the ambassador, and 7 British nationals were evacuated on a French warship bound for the port of <a href="/wiki/Toulon" title="Toulon">Toulon</a> in southern France. "We have taken all necessary measures to allow those French nationals who so wish to leave the country temporarily," the foreign ministry said.<a href="#cite_note-314">[314]</a><a href="#cite_note-315">[315]</a> In 2016, a helicopter carrying three French special forces soldiers was shot down south of <a href="/wiki/Benghazi" title="Benghazi">Benghazi</a> during what President <a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Hollande" title="François Hollande">François Hollande</a> called "dangerous intelligence operations."<a href="#cite_note-Editorial_2016-316">[316]</a><a href="#cite_note-Al_Jazeera_2016-317">[317]</a> In December 2019, French government canceled the delivery of boats to Libya following a lawsuit filed by NGOs opposing the move. The NGOs cited the French donation as a violation of European embargo on Libya for providing military equipment and arms to countries involved in war crimes.<a href="#cite_note-318">[318]</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/23px-Flag_of_India.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/35px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/45px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a> – <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_External_Affairs_(India)" title="Ministry of External Affairs (India)">Ministry of External Affairs</a> spokesman, <a href="/wiki/Syed_Akbaruddin" title="Syed Akbaruddin">Syed Akbaruddin</a>, said that India's diplomatic mission in Libya has been in touch with the 4,500 Indian nationals, through several coordinators. "The mission is facilitating return of Indian nationals and working with the Libyan authorities to obtain necessary exit permissions for Indian nationals wanting to return," he said.<a href="#cite_note-Indians_leave_Libya-319">[319]</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Flag_of_Iran.svg/23px-Flag_of_Iran.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Flag_of_Iran.svg/35px-Flag_of_Iran.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Flag_of_Iran.svg/46px-Flag_of_Iran.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="630" data-file-height="360" /> <a href="/wiki/Iran" title="Iran">Iran</a> – Iran has facilitated a very difficult role in this conflict. Unlike many countries in the Middle East that Iran has interests, Iran has very little to none of interest in Libya, but Iran has desired to expand its Islamic Revolution to Africa.<a href="#cite_note-320">[320]</a> However, Saudi Arabia's support for Haftar has complicated Iran's desire, as Iran has also been accused of supporting Haftar's force, even when Tehran has refrained from siding with Haftar.<a href="#cite_note-321">[321]</a> On the other hand, Iran also provides political support to Turkey's military intervention to Libya.<a href="#cite_note-322">[322]</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Israel.svg/21px-Flag_of_Israel.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Israel.svg/32px-Flag_of_Israel.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Israel.svg/41px-Flag_of_Israel.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1100" data-file-height="800" /> <a href="/wiki/Israel" title="Israel">Israel</a> – Israel and Libya do not have any official relations. However, during the time in exile, Khalifa Haftar had developed a close and secret tie with the United States, thus extended to Israel, and the secret tie resulted in Israel quietly backing Khalifa Haftar on his quest to conquer all of Libya.<a href="#cite_note-323">[323]</a> Israeli advisors are alleged to have trained Haftar's force to prepare for war against the Islamist-backed government in Tripoli.<a href="#cite_note-324">[324]</a> Israeli weapons are also seen in Haftar's forces, mostly throughout Emirati mediation.<a href="#cite_note-325">[325]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Mossad" title="Mossad">Mossad</a> developed a strong relationship with Haftar and also assists his forces in the conflict.<a href="#cite_note-326">[326]</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/23px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/35px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/45px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1000" /> <a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy">Italy</a> – The Italian embassy has remained open during the civil war<a href="#cite_note-327">[327]</a> and the government has always pushed for the success of UN-hosted talks among Libya's political parties in Geneva. Prime Minister <a href="/wiki/Matteo_Renzi" title="Matteo Renzi">Matteo Renzi</a> said "If there's no success, Italy is ready to play a leading role, above all a diplomatic role, and then, always under the aegis of the UN, one of peacekeeping inside Libya", adding that "Libya can't be left in the condition it is now."<a href="#cite_note-328">[328]</a> In 2015, four Italian workers were kidnapped by Islamic State militants near <a href="/wiki/Sabratha" title="Sabratha">Sabratha</a>. Two of them were killed in a raid by security forces the following year while the other two were rescued.<a href="#cite_note-Balmer_2016-329">[329]</a> Between February 2015 and December 2016, however, Italy was forced to close its embassy and every Italian citizen in Libya was advised to leave. The embassy reopened on 9 January 2017.</li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Flag_of_Morocco.svg/23px-Flag_of_Morocco.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Flag_of_Morocco.svg/35px-Flag_of_Morocco.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Flag_of_Morocco.svg/45px-Flag_of_Morocco.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Morocco" title="Morocco">Morocco</a> – Morocco turned down an offer by the United Arab Emirates in 2020 to provide support for Khalifa Haftar.<a href="#cite_note-330">[330]</a> Instead, Morocco expressed its hope to mediate for the end of the conflict.<a href="#cite_note-331">[331]</a></li></ul> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Russia_deploys_military_fighter_aircraft_to_Libya.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Russia_deploys_military_fighter_aircraft_to_Libya.jpg/220px-Russia_deploys_military_fighter_aircraft_to_Libya.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="124" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Russia_deploys_military_fighter_aircraft_to_Libya.jpg/330px-Russia_deploys_military_fighter_aircraft_to_Libya.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Russia_deploys_military_fighter_aircraft_to_Libya.jpg/440px-Russia_deploys_military_fighter_aircraft_to_Libya.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="720" /></a><figcaption>Russian aircraft deployed to Libya in support of Russian private military contractors supporting the <a href="/wiki/Libyan_National_Army" title="Libyan National Army">Libyan National Army</a> in 2020. Image provided by <a href="/wiki/United_States_Africa_Command" title="United States Africa Command">United States Africa Command</a>.</figcaption></figure> <ul><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia">Russia</a> – In February 2015, discussions on supporting the Libyan parliament by supplying them with weapons reportedly took place in <a href="/wiki/Cairo" title="Cairo">Cairo</a> when <a href="/wiki/President_of_Russia" title="President of Russia">President of Russia</a> <a href="/wiki/Vladimir_Putin" title="Vladimir Putin">Vladimir Putin</a> arrived for talks with the <a href="/wiki/Government_of_Egypt" class="mw-redirect" title="Government of Egypt">government of Egypt</a>, during which the Russian delegates also spoke with a Libyan delegation. Colonel Ahmed al-Mismari, the spokesperson for the Libyan Army's chief of staff, also stated that "Arming the Libyan army was a point of discussion between the Egyptian and Russian presidents in Cairo."<a href="#cite_note-332">[332]</a> The deputy foreign minister of Russia, Mikhail Bogdanov, has stated that Russia will supply the government of Libya with weapons if UN sanctions against Libya are lifted.<a href="#cite_note-333">[333]</a> In April 2015, Prime Minister <a href="/wiki/Abdullah_al-Thani" class="mw-redirect" title="Abdullah al-Thani">Abdullah al-Thani</a> visited Moscow and announced that Russia and Libya will strengthen their relations, especially economic relations.<a href="#cite_note-334">[334]</a> He also met with <a href="/wiki/Sergei_Lavrov" class="mw-redirect" title="Sergei Lavrov">Sergei Lavrov</a>, the Russian <a href="/wiki/Minister_of_Foreign_Affairs_(Russia)" title="Minister of Foreign Affairs (Russia)">Minister of Foreign Affairs</a>, and said that he requested Russia's assistance in fixing the country's government institutions and military strength.<a href="#cite_note-335">[335]</a> The prime minister also met with <a href="/wiki/Nikolai_Patrushev" title="Nikolai Patrushev">Nikolai Patrushev</a>, the Russian president's security adviser, and talked about the need to restore stability in Libya as well as the influence of terrorist groups in the country. Patrushev stated that a "priority for regional politics is the protection of the sovereignty and territorial integrity of Libya."<a href="#cite_note-336">[336]</a> As of 2 October 2019, between 10 and 35 Russian mercenaries had reportedly been killed in an airstrike in Libya while fighting for Khalifa Haftar's forces as per Latvian newslet Meduza.<a href="#cite_note-337">[337]</a> In a joint press conference with the German Chancellor Angela Merkel, the Russian President Vladimir Putin agreed the involvement of Russian mercenaries in Tripoli's ongoing conflict. He also said they are not affiliated to Moscow and are not funded by the government. These fighters were transferred to Libya from the de-escalation zone in Syria's Idlib.<a href="#cite_note-338">[338]</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Flag_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Flag_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Flag_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Saudi_Arabia" title="Saudi Arabia">Saudi Arabia</a> – Saudi Arabia since 2014 has thrown a significant support for Haftar's force fighting in Libya. According from <a href="/wiki/Wall_Street_Journal" class="mw-redirect" title="Wall Street Journal">Wall Street Journal</a> and retrieved by Al Jazeera, Saudi Arabia had given millions of dollars to support Haftar's army in its failed attempt to takeover Tripoli after a meeting with General Haftar by Saudi King <a href="/wiki/Salman_of_Saudi_Arabia" title="Salman of Saudi Arabia">Salman</a>.<a href="#cite_note-339">[339]</a><a href="#cite_note-340">[340]</a> Due to Haftar's defeat, Saudi Arabia was thought to have become increasingly involved in Libya.<a href="#cite_note-341">[341]</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Flag_of_Syria.svg/23px-Flag_of_Syria.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Flag_of_Syria.svg/35px-Flag_of_Syria.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Flag_of_Syria.svg/45px-Flag_of_Syria.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Syria" title="Syria">Syria</a> – The involvement of Syria in the Libya war has remained less exposed, while the links began in 2018. The Syrian government of <a href="/wiki/Bashar_al-Assad" title="Bashar al-Assad">Bashar al-Assad</a> has been backing Khalifa Haftar, where mercenaries from Damascus were transported to Benghazi. In April 2021, <a href="/wiki/Cham_Wings_Airlines" title="Cham Wings Airlines">Cham Wings</a>, a private airline owned by Assad's cousin <a href="/wiki/Rami_Makhlouf" title="Rami Makhlouf">Rami Makhlouf</a> and sanctioned by the US and the European parliament, made nine round trips to Libya. The flights reportedly transport Syrian mercenaries to fight alongside Haftar forces. Specialists have said that these mercenaries fighting for the general (currently 2,000) were operated by Russia and were funded by the United Arab Emirates.<a href="#cite_note-342">[342]</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_Thailand.svg/23px-Flag_of_Thailand.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_Thailand.svg/35px-Flag_of_Thailand.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_Thailand.svg/45px-Flag_of_Thailand.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Thailand" title="Thailand">Thailand</a> – In late July 2014, the Thai government asked Libya's authorities to facilitate the evacuation of its nationals by exempting the need for exit visas.<a href="#cite_note-343">[343]</a> As of 14 August, over 800 Thai workers have been successfully evacuated from the country,<a href="#cite_note-344">[344]</a> while Thailand's Ministry of Labour announced that it would prepare jobs for more than 2,800 workers residing in Libya.<a href="#cite_note-345">[345]</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/23px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/35px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/45px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /> <a href="/wiki/Turkey" title="Turkey">Turkey</a> – Turkey has been one of the most active critics of the Eastern Government led by <a href="/wiki/Khalifa_Haftar" title="Khalifa Haftar">Khalifa Haftar</a>. Turkey has transported arms, ammunitions and aids to the Western Government led by <a href="/wiki/Fayez_al-Sarraj" title="Fayez al-Sarraj">Fayez al-Sarraj</a> against Haftar's force.<a href="#cite_note-346">[346]</a><a href="#cite_note-347">[347]</a> In 2019, the <a href="/wiki/Libyan_National_Army" title="Libyan National Army">Libyan National Army</a> accused the Turkish authorities of supporting terrorist groups in Libya for many years, adding that the Turkish support has evolved from just logistic support to a direct interference using military aircraft to transport mercenaries, as well as ships carrying weapons, armored vehicles and ammunition to support terrorism in Libya.<a href="#cite_note-348">[348]</a> In 2016, <a href="/wiki/Jordan" title="Jordan">Jordan</a>'s king accused Turkey of helping Islamist militias in Libya and <a href="/wiki/Somalia" title="Somalia">Somalia</a>.<a href="#cite_note-349">[349]</a> In July 2019, <a href="/wiki/Recep_Tayyip_Erdo%C4%9Fan" title="Recep Tayyip Erdoğan">Recep Tayyip Erdoğan</a>, the President of Turkey, threatened to declare war on Khalifa Haftar after receiving news of six Turkish citizens arrested by Haftar's force.<a href="#cite_note-350">[350]</a> On 27 December 2019 <a href="/wiki/Bloomberg_News" title="Bloomberg News">Bloomberg</a> reported that Turkey intended to deploy its navy to protect Tripoli and send troops to help train GNA forces. Additionally Turkmen rebel groups fighting in northern Syria were expected to transfer to Tripoli.<a href="#cite_note-bl-20201227-351">[351]</a> The Speaker of the Turkish Parliament subsequently announced Turkey's plans to send troops to help Libya's Presidential Council's government, especially after the efforts of Haftar's backers, including UAE, to pressurize Fayez Al-Sarraj to recede the request for Turkey's support.<a href="#cite_note-352">[352]</a> On 2 January 2020, the <a href="/wiki/Turkish_Grand_National_Assembly" class="mw-redirect" title="Turkish Grand National Assembly">Turkish Grand National Assembly</a> voted 325–184 to send troops to help the internationally recognized Government of National Accord in Libya.<a href="#cite_note-353">[353]</a> In February 2020, the captain of the Lebanese-flagged cargo ship Bana was arrested in Italy. The vessel was accused of transferring arms and Turkish military personnel from Turkey to Libya in violation of the United Nations arms embargo. A crew member offered information to the Italian authorities.<a href="#cite_note-354">[354]</a> The <a href="/wiki/French_aircraft_carrier_Charles_de_Gaulle" title="French aircraft carrier Charles de Gaulle">French aircraft carrier Charles de Gaulle</a> also spotted the ship.<a href="#cite_note-355">[355]</a> In addition, a <a href="/wiki/BBC" title="BBC">BBC</a> report confirmed that Turkey was sending secret arms shipments into Libya with the Bana, with the escort of Turkish navy frigates.<a href="#cite_note-356">[356]</a> On 21 September 2020, Council of the European Union imposed sanctions on the Turkish maritime company Avrasya Shipping which operates the Çirkin freighter, because the vessel found to have violated the UN arms embargo in Libya in May and June 2020.<a href="#cite_note-EU_September_sanctions-309">[309]</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a> – Following France's evacuation of some British nationals, the UK's embassy in Tripoli was the only diplomatic mission still open in the war-torn city. However, British diplomats residing there have sought refuge in a fortified compound south-west of the city to avoid the repetitive rocket attacks by warring militias.<a href="#cite_note-357">[357]</a> Three days earlier, a convoy carrying British diplomats from Tripoli to Tunisia came under fire when their vehicles refused to stop at an unofficial checkpoint in the outskirts of the city.<a href="#cite_note-British_diplomats_attacked-358">[358]</a> On 2 August, the <a href="/wiki/Foreign_and_Commonwealth_Office" class="mw-redirect" title="Foreign and Commonwealth Office">Foreign and Commonwealth Office</a> finally announced that it would temporarily close its embassy in the capital and evacuate its staff. Ambassador <a href="/wiki/Michael_Aron" title="Michael Aron">Michael Aron</a> said that the embassy would continue to operate from Tunisia.<a href="#cite_note-359">[359]</a> The following day, the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Navy" title="Royal Navy">Royal Navy</a> ship <a href="/wiki/HMS_Enterprise_(H88)" title="HMS Enterprise (H88)">HMS Enterprise</a> managed to evacuate more than a hundred foreign nationals from the country to <a href="/wiki/Malta" title="Malta">Malta</a>, most of whom were British, in an operation off the coast of Tripoli.<a href="#cite_note-360">[360]</a> In March 2016, Ambassador <a href="/wiki/Peter_Millett_(diplomat)" title="Peter Millett (diplomat)">Peter Millett</a> called for "a much more coordinated approach between the different groups, regions and forces and the armed groups in Libya" in order to defeat ISIL in Libya.<a href="#cite_note-361">[361]</a> Head of British Embassy in Libya, Nicholas Hopton said that Britain is drafting a resolution in the Security Council in order to genuinely end the Libyan crisis. The draft resolution urges the U.N. and the international community to effectively achieve a ceasefire with the help of a monitoring mission and other sources, the HCS Information Office said.<a href="#cite_note-362">[362]</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_United_Arab_Emirates.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_Arab_Emirates.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_United_Arab_Emirates.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_Arab_Emirates.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_United_Arab_Emirates.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_Arab_Emirates.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/United_Arab_Emirates" title="United Arab Emirates">United Arab Emirates</a> – In June 2019 the GNA discovered a cache of US-made Javelin anti-tank missiles in a captured LNA base in the mountains south of Tripoli. Markings on the missiles' shipping containers indicate that they were originally sold to Oman and the United Arab Emirates in 2008. Emirati forces, who previously conducted airstrikes on Islamist targets in Libya, were suspected of backing General Khalifa Haftar. The United States State Department and Defense Department stated they have opened investigations into how the weapons ended up on the Libyan battlefield.<a href="#cite_note-363">[363]</a><a href="#cite_note-364">[364]</a> The Emirati Ministry of Foreign Affairs issued a statement denying ownership of weapons found in Libya and stated that it supported United Nations-led efforts to broker a political solution to the conflict.<a href="#cite_note-365">[365]</a> France later released a statement that the missiles found in the base belonged to France, and that they were damaged and out of use.<a href="#cite_note-366">[366]</a> Nevertheless, the UAE has been identified as a strong supporter of Khalifa Haftar and the LNA, which saw the Libyan general and his forces as the best bulwark to contain and combat various Islamist groups in the war torn country; the UN reported that the UAE supplied Haftar's forces with aircraft, over 100 armoured vehicles and over US$200 million in aid.<a href="#cite_note-367">[367]</a> According to <a href="/wiki/The_Libya_Observer" title="The Libya Observer">The Libya Observer</a>, a covert deal between Khalifa Haftar and figures from the Muammar Gaddafi-era, Revolutionary Committees, was signed in <a href="/wiki/Abu_Dhabi" title="Abu Dhabi">Abu Dhabi</a>, UAE. Both the parties agreed to share power in Libya, enabling Gaddafi's loyalists to retrieve power in return for supporting Haftar in the ongoing fighting.<a href="#cite_note-368">[368]</a> According to a French Intelligence website, UAE supplied around 3,000 tons of military equipment to Haftar forces in late January 2020. The transit operation was completed through "Antonov 124" aircraft owned by Abu Dhabi <a href="/wiki/Crown_Prince" class="mw-redirect" title="Crown Prince">Crown Prince</a> <a href="/wiki/Mohammed_bin_Zayed" class="mw-redirect" title="Mohammed bin Zayed">Mohammed bin Zayed</a> and operated by Makassimos Air Cargo Company.<a href="#cite_note-369">[369]</a> In April 2020, it was reported that the United Arab Emirates secretly purchased an advanced <a href="/wiki/Missile_defense" title="Missile defense">missile system</a> from <a href="/wiki/Israel" title="Israel">Israel</a>. The UAE, which had been supplying weapons to Khalifa Haftar in the <a href="/wiki/Libyan_civil_war" class="mw-redirect" title="Libyan civil war">Libyan civil war</a>, also deployed the Israeli-made missile system in the war through the <a href="/wiki/Libyan_National_Army" title="Libyan National Army">LNA</a>.<a href="#cite_note-370">[370]</a> On 20 April 2020, the Financial Times reported the suspected violation of an international <a href="/wiki/Arms_embargo" title="Arms embargo">arms embargo</a> by the United Arab Emirates. It reported the claims after reviewing documents that cited 11,000 tonnes of jet fuel shipment worth nearly $5 million was sent by the UAE to Khalifa Haftar-controlled eastern Libya in March 2020. The shipment is currently under probe by a panel of experts from the United Nations.<a href="#cite_note-371">[371]</a> According to <a href="/wiki/Human_Rights_Watch" title="Human Rights Watch">Human Rights Watch</a>, on 18 November 2019, the UAE launched a drone attack on a biscuit factory in Al-Sunbulah that killed 8 civilians and injured 27. The factory was shut down after the attack. According to an investigation led by Human Rights Watch, the factory had no military presence. The remnants of four laser-guided missiles – Blue Arrow-7 (BA-7) – were found, which were launched via a <a href="/wiki/Wing_Loong_II" class="mw-redirect" title="Wing Loong II">Wing Loong II</a> drone.<a href="#cite_note-372">[372]</a> In May 2020, a confidential report by the United Nations revealed that the UAE had been supporting the mission of Khalifa Haftar through two <a href="/wiki/Dubai" title="Dubai">Dubai</a>-based companies, Lancaster 6 DMCC and Opus Capital Asset Limited FZE. These firms deployed a team of 20 Western mercenaries led by <a href="/wiki/South_Africa" title="South Africa">South African</a> national Steve Lodge to Libya for a "well funded <a href="/wiki/Private_military_company" title="Private military company">private military company</a> operation" in June 2019.<a href="#cite_note-373">[373]</a> An investigation by <a href="/wiki/BBC_Africa_Eye" title="BBC Africa Eye">BBC Africa Eye</a> and BBC Arabic Documentaries revealed that in a strike on 4 January 2020, the UAE-operated Wing Loong II drone was used to fire a Chinese <a href="/wiki/HJ-10" title="HJ-10">Blue Arrow 7 missile</a>, which killed 26 unarmed cadets. During that time, the Wing Loong II drones were being operated only from the UAE-run Al-Khadim Libyan air base.<a href="#cite_note-374">[374]</a><a href="#cite_note-375">[375]</a> In December 2020, the <a href="/wiki/The_Pentagon" title="The Pentagon">US Pentagon</a> said that the UAE funded the Russian <a href="/wiki/Mercenaries" class="mw-redirect" title="Mercenaries">mercenaries</a> to fight against the US-backed government in Libya. The reported presented by the Pentagon's inspector general also revealed that the Emirates was majorly a financial backer of Russia's <a href="/wiki/Wagner_Group" title="Wagner Group">Wagner Group</a>, who deployed its mercenaries in Libya.<a href="#cite_note-376">[376]</a><a href="#cite_note-377">[377]</a> In June 2019, the Dubai-based firm owned by the Australian pilot Christiaan Durrant, Lancaster 6 supplied three Super Pumas to Haftar's LNA. However, the helicopters were considered insufficiently operational and remained in their hangars until May 2021. The Super Pumas were seen at Haftar's military parade in 2021 and were expected to be integrated into his air force.<a href="#cite_note-378">[378]</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /> <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a> – The United States has been active in post-2011 Libya with the military carrying out sporadic airstrikes and raids in the country, predominantly against Islamist groups. In 2014, U.S. commandos seized an oil tanker bound for anti-government militias and returned it to the Libyan national government.<a href="#cite_note-Washington_Post_2014-379">[379]</a> Two months later, the U.S. embassy in <a href="/wiki/Tripoli,_Libya" title="Tripoli, Libya">Tripoli</a> was evacuated due to a heavy militia presence in the capital.<a href="#cite_note-Starr_Sterling_Ansari_2014-380">[380]</a> In 2015, U.S. warplanes killed the head of the <a href="/wiki/Islamic_State_of_Iraq_and_the_Levant_in_Libya" class="mw-redirect" title="Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant in Libya">Islamic State in Libya</a> in a strike.<a href="#cite_note-Pengelly_Stephen_2015-381">[381]</a> In 2016, <a href="/wiki/U.S._President" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. President">U.S. President</a> <a href="/wiki/Barack_Obama" title="Barack Obama">Barack Obama</a> stated that not preparing for a post-Gaddafi Libya was the "worst mistake" of his presidency.<a href="#cite_note-bbc-20160411-382">[382]</a> On 19 January 2017, the day before President Obama left office, the United States bombed two IS camps in Libya, reportedly killing 80 militants.<a href="#cite_note-Starr_2017-383">[383]</a> These types of operations have continued under the <a href="/wiki/First_presidency_of_Donald_Trump" title="First presidency of Donald Trump">Trump administration</a> with a September 2017 airstrike killing an estimated 17 IS militants.<a href="#cite_note-Browne_2017-384">[384]</a> On 25 September 2019, airstrike carried out by the U.S. killed 11 suspected ISIL militants in the town of Murzuq, Libya. This was the second airstrike in a week against the militant group, according to U.S. Africa Command.<a href="#cite_note-385">[385]</a> A U.S. military air-raid, on 27 September, killed 17 suspected ISIL militants in southwest Libya, making it a third strike against the militia group within a month.<a href="#cite_note-386">[386]</a> On 30 September, US Africa Command said it conducted an airstrike in southern Libya that killed 7 ISIL militants, alongside the Government of National Accord. This marked the fourth raid in the region against ISIL in two weeks.<a href="#cite_note-387">[387]</a> On 10 February 2020, at least six Libyan families sued Haftar and the UAE government in the U.S. District Court of the District of Columbia for committing war crimes in Libya. The families of victims who were either killed, injured or faced attempted killings, demanded $1 billion in damages, said the plaintiffs' attorneys, Martin F. McMahon & Associates.<a href="#cite_note-388">[388]</a> The lawsuit filed against the Libyan military commander <a href="/wiki/Khalifa_Haftar" title="Khalifa Haftar">Khalifa Haftar</a> by the families of the victims that were killed during the military campaign by Haftar's army, backed by <a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia">Russia</a>, the <a href="/wiki/United_Arab_Emirates" title="United Arab Emirates">UAE</a> and <a href="/wiki/Egypt" title="Egypt">Egypt</a>. First hearing of the case was on 29 September 2020, where Haftar's lawyer urged the court to drop the charges of war atrocities was rejected by Alexandria <a href="/wiki/United_States_district_court" title="United States district court">US District court</a> judge.<a href="#cite_note-389">[389]</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Ukraine.svg/23px-Flag_of_Ukraine.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Ukraine.svg/35px-Flag_of_Ukraine.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Ukraine.svg/45px-Flag_of_Ukraine.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /> <a href="/wiki/Ukraine" title="Ukraine">Ukraine</a> – A number of Il-76TD turbofan strategic airlifters belonging to Ukraine-registered companies have been destroyed in Libya. Russian news outlets claimed the aircraft were possibly smuggling arms to both sides of the civil war. This claim was rejected by <a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_Independent_Information_Agency" title="Ukrainian Independent Information Agency">Ukrainian Independent Information Agency</a>.<a href="#cite_note-390">[390]</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Flag_of_Kazakhstan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Kazakhstan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Flag_of_Kazakhstan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Kazakhstan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Flag_of_Kazakhstan.svg/46px-Flag_of_Kazakhstan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="500" /> <a href="/wiki/Kazakhstan" title="Kazakhstan">Kazakhstan</a> – On 21 September 2020, the European Union sanctioned the Sigma Airlines also known as Sigma Aviation and Air Sigma, a commercial cargo air company from Kazakhstan, because the UN found that it have violated the arms embargo in Libya.<a href="#cite_note-EU_September_sanctions-309">[309]</a> In addition, the Kazakh authorities stripped the licenses of the Sigma Airlines together with the Azee Air and Jenis Air after the UN Security Council had informed them that they have violated the embargo.<a href="#cite_note-391">[391]</a><a href="#cite_note-392">[392]</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Flag_of_Europe.svg/23px-Flag_of_Europe.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Flag_of_Europe.svg/35px-Flag_of_Europe.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Flag_of_Europe.svg/45px-Flag_of_Europe.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="810" data-file-height="540" /> <a href="/wiki/European_Union" title="European Union">European Union</a> – In March 2020, the EU launched the <a href="/wiki/Operation_Irini" title="Operation Irini">Operation Irini</a>, with the primary task of implementing the UN arms embargo. On 21 September 2020, Council of the European Union imposed sanctions on 2 individuals and 3 companies (Sigma Airlines – Kazakhstan, Avrasya Shipping – Turkey, Med Wave Shipping – Jordan) over their involvement in the violation of <a href="/wiki/United_Nations" title="United Nations">UN</a> arms embargo in <a href="/wiki/Libya" title="Libya">Libya</a>. The sanctions included the freezing of assets of individuals and a travel ban on the individuals.<a href="#cite_note-393">[393]</a><a href="#cite_note-EU_September_sanctions-309">[309]</a></li></ul> <dl><dt>Sports</dt></dl> <ul><li>Libya had been awarded the rights to host the <a href="/wiki/2017_Africa_Cup_of_Nations" title="2017 Africa Cup of Nations">2017 Africa Cup of Nations</a> in <a href="/wiki/Association_football" title="Association football">association football</a>; however, the tournament was stripped from the country in August 2014, due to concerns over the ongoing conflict.<a href="#cite_note-394">[394]</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Libyan_civil_war_(2014%E2%80%932020)&action=edit&section=31" title="Edit section: See also">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239009302">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 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data-file-height="512" /><a href="/wiki/Portal:Current_events" title="Portal:Current events">Current events portal</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2022_Tripoli_clashes" title="2022 Tripoli clashes">2022 Tripoli clashes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2020_Turkish_intervention_in_Libya" class="mw-redirect" title="2020 Turkish intervention in Libya">2020 Turkish intervention in Libya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_intervention_in_Libya_(2015%E2%80%932019)" class="mw-redirect" title="American intervention in Libya (2015–2019)">American intervention in Libya (2015–2019)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_migrant_crisis" class="mw-redirect" title="European migrant crisis">European migrant crisis</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Libyan_civil_war_(2014%E2%80%932020)&action=edit&section=32" title="Edit section: References">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol 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Retrieved 18 May 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Times+of+Malta&rft.atitle=Libya+needs+international+maritime+force+to+help+stop+illicit+oil%2C+weapons+%E2%80%93+UN+experts&rft.date=2015-03-02&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.timesofmalta.com%2Farticles%2Fview%2F20150302%2Fbusiness-news%2Flibya-needs-international-maritime-force-to-help-stop-illicit-oil.558161&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALibyan+civil+war+%282014%E2%80%932020%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://42.tut.by/532414">Беларусь увайшла ў спіс найбуйнейшых сусветных экспарцёраў зброі</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200209162358/https://42.tut.by/532414">Archived</a> 9 February 2020 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> — Tut.by, 21 лютага 2018 </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.aa.com.tr/en/middle-east/why-is-greece-courting-haftars-militia-in-libya-/1899306">"Why is Greece courting Haftar's militia in Libya?"</a>. www.aa.com.tr. Retrieved 18 July 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.aa.com.tr&rft.atitle=Why+is+Greece+courting+Haftar%27s+militia+in+Libya%3F&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.aa.com.tr%2Fen%2Fmiddle-east%2Fwhy-is-greece-courting-haftars-militia-in-libya-%2F1899306&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALibyan+civil+war+%282014%E2%80%932020%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://greece.greekreporter.com/2019/12/22/greeces-foreign-minister-nikos-dendias-visits-libya/">Greece’s Foreign Minister Nikos Dendias Visits Libya</a>, Dendias noted that Haftar’s position is aligned with Greece’s. </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><a href="#cite_ref-44">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.aa.com.tr/en/energy/general/trnc-pm-slams-greek-cypriot-cooperation-with-haftar/27905/">TRNC PM slams Greek Cypriot cooperation with Haftar</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><a href="#cite_ref-45">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEltagouri*2019" class="citation web cs1">Eltagouri*, Yousuf (6 May 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://behorizon.org/trumps-embrace-of-haftar-will-reignite-libyas-proxy-war/">"Trump's Embrace of Haftar Will Reignite Libya's Proxy War | Beyond the Horizon ISSG"</a>. 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Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://af.reuters.com/article/sportsNews/idAFKBN0GN0F920140823">the original</a> on 26 August 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Libya+stripped+of+right+to+host+2017+Nations+Cup&rft.date=2014-08-23&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Faf.reuters.com%2Farticle%2FsportsNews%2FidAFKBN0GN0F920140823&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALibyan+civil+war+%282014%E2%80%932020%29" class="Z3988"> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Libyan_civil_war_(2014%E2%80%932020)&action=edit&section=33" title="Edit section: Further reading">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Daveed_Gartenstein-Ross" title="Daveed Gartenstein-Ross">Daveed Gartenstein-Ross</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141029202928/http://www.icct.nl/publications/icct-commentaries/terrorism-in-north-africa-after-benghazi-the-jihadist-regional-outlook">Terrorism in North Africa After Benghazi: The Jihadist Regional Outlook (International Centre for Counter-Terrorism – The Hague, 2013)</a></li> <li>Pelham, Nicolas. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nybooks.com/articles/archives/2015/feb/19/libya-against-itself/">Libya Against Itself</a> (February 2015). "Libyans feel even more isolated than when the UN imposed sanctions on Qaddafi. The civil society that briefly emerged after the colonel's downfall has all but disappeared. Each activist can reel off the names of colleagues shot dead or kidnapped, often by Islamists." <a href="/wiki/New_York_Review_of_Books" class="mw-redirect" title="New York Review of Books">New York Review of Books</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Libyan_civil_war_(2014%E2%80%932020)&action=edit&section=34" title="Edit section: External links">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 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style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Libyan_Civil_War_(2011)" title="Template:Libyan Civil War (2011)"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Libyan_Civil_War_(2011)" title="Template talk:Libyan Civil War (2011)"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Libyan_Civil_War_(2011)" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Libyan Civil War (2011)"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Libyan_civil_war_(2011)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Libyan_civil_war_(2011)" title="Libyan civil war (2011)">Libyan civil war (2011)</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li>Part of the <a href="/wiki/Arab_Spring" title="Arab Spring">Arab Spring</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_First_Libyan_Civil_War" class="mw-redirect" title="Timeline of the First Libyan Civil War">Timeline</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_2011_Libyan_Civil_War_before_military_intervention" title="Timeline of the 2011 Libyan Civil War before military intervention">15 February–18 March</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_2011_Libyan_Civil_War_and_military_intervention_(19_March_%E2%80%93_May)" title="Timeline of the 2011 Libyan Civil War and military intervention (19 March – May)">19 March–31 May</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_2011_Libyan_Civil_War_and_military_intervention_(June_%E2%80%93_15_August)" title="Timeline of the 2011 Libyan Civil War and military intervention (June – 15 August)">June–15 August</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_2011_Libyan_Civil_War_and_military_intervention_(16_August_%E2%80%93_23_October)" title="Timeline of the 2011 Libyan Civil War and military intervention (16 August – 23 October)">16 August–23 October</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: left">Forces</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Gaddafi_forces" title="Anti-Gaddafi forces">Opposition</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/National_Liberation_Army_(Libya)" title="National Liberation Army (Libya)">National Liberation Army</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Free_Libyan_Air_Force" title="Free Libyan Air Force">Free Libyan Air Force</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Conference_for_the_Libyan_Opposition" title="National Conference for the Libyan Opposition">NCLO</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armed_Forces_of_the_Libyan_Arab_Jamahiriya" title="Armed Forces of the Libyan Arab Jamahiriya">Armed Forces of the Libyan Arab Jamahiriya</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Libyan_Army_(1951%E2%80%932011)" title="Libyan Army (1951–2011)">Libyan Army</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Libyan_Air_Force" title="Libyan Air Force">Libyan Air Force</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Libyan_Navy" title="Libyan Navy">Libyan Navy</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Revolutionary_Guard_Corps" title="Revolutionary Guard Corps">Revolutionary Guard Corps</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: left"><a href="/wiki/Category:Battles_of_the_Libyan_civil_war_(2011)" title="Category:Battles of the Libyan civil war (2011)">Battles</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em;text-align: left;background-color: #eee;"><a href="/wiki/Cyrenaica" title="Cyrenaica">Cyrenaica</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Bayda" title="Battle of Bayda">Battle of Bayda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Battle_of_Benghazi" title="First Battle of Benghazi">First Battle of Benghazi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Battle_of_Brega" title="First Battle of Brega">First Battle of Brega</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Ra%27s_Lanuf" class="mw-redirect" title="Battle of Ra's Lanuf">Battle of Ra's Lanuf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Bin_Jawad" title="Battle of Bin Jawad">Battle of Bin Jawad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Battle_of_Brega" title="Second Battle of Brega">Second Battle of Brega</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Ajdabiya" title="Battle of Ajdabiya">Battle of Ajdabiya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Battle_of_Benghazi" title="Second Battle of Benghazi">Second Battle of Benghazi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Gulf_of_Sidra_offensive" title="First Gulf of Sidra offensive">First Gulf of Sidra offensive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Third_Battle_of_Brega" title="Third Battle of Brega">Third Battle of Brega</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Brega%E2%80%93Ajdabiya_road" title="Battle of Brega–Ajdabiya road">Battle of Brega–Ajdabiya road</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyrenaican_desert_campaign" title="Cyrenaican desert campaign">Cyrenaica campaign</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fourth_Battle_of_Brega" title="Fourth Battle of Brega">Fourth Battle of Brega</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ra%27s_Lanuf_raid" class="mw-redirect" title="Ra's Lanuf raid">Ra's Lanuf raid</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em;text-align: left;background-color: #eee;"><a href="/wiki/Fezzan" title="Fezzan">Fezzan</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2011_Sabha_clashes" title="2011 Sabha clashes">Sabha clashes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fezzan_campaign" title="Fezzan campaign">Fezzan campaign</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Sabha" title="Battle of Sabha">Battle of Sabha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ghadames_raid" class="mw-redirect" title="Ghadames raid">Ghadames raid</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em;text-align: left;background-color: #eee;"><a href="/wiki/Tripolitania" title="Tripolitania">Tripolitania</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tripoli_protests_and_clashes_(February_2011)" title="Tripoli protests and clashes (February 2011)">First Tripoli clashes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Misrata_(2011)" title="Battle of Misrata (2011)">Battle of Misrata</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Battle_of_Zawiya" title="First Battle of Zawiya">First Battle of Zawiya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2011_Nafusa_Mountains_Campaign" class="mw-redirect" title="2011 Nafusa Mountains Campaign">Nafusa Mountain Campaign</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Wazzin" title="Battle of Wazzin">Battle of Wazzin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Gharyan" title="Battle of Gharyan">Battle of Gharyan</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Misrata_frontline" title="Battle of the Misrata frontline">Battle of the Misrata frontline</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Zliten_uprising" title="Zliten uprising">Zliten uprising</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Zliten" title="Battle of Zliten">Battle of Zliten</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Tawergha" title="Battle of Tawergha">Battle of Tawergha</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zawiya_skirmish" title="Zawiya skirmish">Zawiya skirmish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2011_Msallata_clashes" title="2011 Msallata clashes">Msallata clashes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2011_Libyan_rebel_coastal_offensive" title="2011 Libyan rebel coastal offensive">Rebel coastal offensive</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Second_Battle_of_Zawiya" title="Second Battle of Zawiya">Second Battle of Zawiya</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2011_Ras_Ajdir_clashes" title="2011 Ras Ajdir clashes">Ras Ajdir clashes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Tripoli_(2011)" title="Battle of Tripoli (2011)">Battle of Tripoli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Gulf_of_Sidra_offensive" title="Second Gulf of Sidra offensive">Second Gulf of Sidra offensive</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Sirte_(2011)" title="Battle of Sirte (2011)">Battle of Sirte</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Bani_Walid" title="Battle of Bani Walid">Battle of Bani Walid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tripoli_clashes_(mid-October_2011)" title="Tripoli clashes (mid-October 2011)">Second Tripoli clashes</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: left"><a href="/wiki/NATO" title="NATO">NATO</a> operations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Ellamy" title="Operation Ellamy">Operation Ellamy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Op%C3%A9ration_Harmattan" title="Opération Harmattan">Opération Harmattan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Mobile" title="Operation Mobile">Operation Mobile</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Odyssey_Dawn" title="Operation Odyssey Dawn">Operation Odyssey Dawn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Unified_Protector" title="Operation Unified Protector">Operation Unified Protector</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: left"><a href="/wiki/Category:People_of_the_Libyan_civil_war_(2011)" title="Category:People of the Libyan civil war (2011)">People</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em;text-align: left;background-color: #eee;">Anti-Gaddafi</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mustafa_Abdul_Jalil" title="Mustafa Abdul Jalil">Mustafa Abdul Jalil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahmoud_Jibril" title="Mahmoud Jibril">Mahmoud Jibril</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abdul_Fatah_Younis" title="Abdul Fatah Younis">Abdul Fatah Younis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khalifa_Haftar" title="Khalifa Haftar">Khalifa Haftar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abdelhakim_Belhadj" class="mw-redirect" title="Abdelhakim Belhadj">Abdelhakim Belhadj</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ali_al-Sallabi" title="Ali al-Sallabi">Ali al-Sallabi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abdul_Hafiz_Ghoga" title="Abdul Hafiz Ghoga">Abdul Hafiz Ghoga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suleiman_Mahmoud" title="Suleiman Mahmoud">Suleiman Mahmoud</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Omar_El-Hariri" title="Omar El-Hariri">Omar El-Hariri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mohammed_Ali_Madani" title="Mohammed Ali Madani">Mohammed Ali Madani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mustafa_Bin_Dardef" title="Mustafa Bin Dardef">Mustafa Bin Dardef</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hamid_Hassy" title="Hamid Hassy">Hamid Hassy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daou_al-Salhine_al-Jadak" title="Daou al-Salhine al-Jadak">Daou al-Salhine al-Jadak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jalal_al-Digheily" title="Jalal al-Digheily">Jalal al-Digheily</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ali_Tarhouni" title="Ali Tarhouni">Ali Tarhouni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abdel_Moneim_al-Houni" title="Abdel Moneim al-Houni">Abdel Moneim al-Houni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ali_Zeidan" title="Ali Zeidan">Ali Zeidan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abdurrahim_El-Keib" title="Abdurrahim El-Keib">Abdurrahim El-Keib</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Osama_al-Juwaili" title="Osama al-Juwaili">Osama al-Juwaili</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahmed_al-Senussi" title="Ahmed al-Senussi">Ahmed al-Senussi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hussein_Darbouk" title="Hussein Darbouk">Hussein Darbouk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fathi_Terbil" title="Fathi Terbil">Fathi Terbil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ali_Attalah_Obeidi" title="Ali Attalah Obeidi">Ali Attalah Obeidi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahdi_al-Harati" title="Mahdi al-Harati">Mahdi al-Harati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khalid_Shahmah" title="Khalid Shahmah">Khalid Shahmah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yousef_Mangoush" title="Yousef Mangoush">Yousef Mangoush</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abu_Oweis" title="Abu Oweis">Abu Oweis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abdullah_Naker" title="Abdullah Naker">Abdullah Naker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ismail_al-Salabi" title="Ismail al-Salabi">Ismail al-Salabi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sadiq_Al-Ghariani" title="Sadiq Al-Ghariani">Sadiq Al-Ghariani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seham_Sergiwa" title="Seham Sergiwa">Seham Sergiwa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fathi_Bashagha" title="Fathi Bashagha">Fathi Bashagha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mustafa_A._G._Abushagur" title="Mustafa A. G. Abushagur">Mustafa A. G. Abushagur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahmed_Omar_Bani" title="Ahmed Omar Bani">Ahmed Omar Bani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Mahdi_Al-Barghathi" title="Al-Mahdi Al-Barghathi">Al-Mahdi Al-Barghathi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salwa_Bughaighis" title="Salwa Bughaighis">Salwa Bughaighis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abdel-Hakim_al-Hasidi" title="Abdel-Hakim al-Hasidi">Abdel-Hakim al-Hasidi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kais_al-Hilali" title="Kais al-Hilali">Kais al-Hilali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ali_Abd-al-Aziz_al-Isawi" title="Ali Abd-al-Aziz al-Isawi">Ali Abd-al-Aziz al-Isawi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mohammed_Magariaf" title="Mohammed Magariaf">Mohammed Magariaf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mohammed_Najm" title="Mohammed Najm">Mohammed Najm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mehdi_Mohammed_Zeyo" title="Mehdi Mohammed Zeyo">Mehdi Mohammed Zeyo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahmoud_al-Werfalli" title="Mahmoud al-Werfalli">Mahmoud al-Werfalli</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em;text-align: left;background-color: #eee;">Pro-Gaddafi</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Muammar_Gaddafi" title="Muammar Gaddafi">Muammar Gaddafi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abu-Bakr_Yunis_Jabr" title="Abu-Bakr Yunis Jabr">Abu-Bakr Yunis Jabr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saif_al-Islam_Gaddafi" title="Saif al-Islam Gaddafi">Saif al-Islam Gaddafi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khamis_Gaddafi" title="Khamis Gaddafi">Khamis Gaddafi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mutassim_Gaddafi" title="Mutassim Gaddafi">Mutassim Gaddafi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Saadi_Gaddafi" title="Al-Saadi Gaddafi">Al-Saadi Gaddafi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ayesha_Gaddafi" title="Ayesha Gaddafi">Ayesha Gaddafi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abdullah_Senussi" title="Abdullah Senussi">Abdullah Senussi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ali_Sharif_al-Rifi" title="Ali Sharif al-Rifi">Ali Sharif al-Rifi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moussa_Ibrahim" title="Moussa Ibrahim">Moussa Ibrahim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abuzed_Omar_Dorda" title="Abuzed Omar Dorda">Abuzed Omar Dorda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baghdadi_Mahmudi" title="Baghdadi Mahmudi">Baghdadi Mahmudi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mansour_Dhao" title="Mansour Dhao">Mansour Dhao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saif_al-Arab_Gaddafi" title="Saif al-Arab Gaddafi">Saif al-Arab Gaddafi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahmed_al-Gaddafi_al-Qahsi" title="Ahmed al-Gaddafi al-Qahsi">Ahmed al-Gaddafi al-Qahsi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mohammed_Abdullah_al-Senussi" title="Mohammed Abdullah al-Senussi">Mohammed Abdullah al-Senussi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bashir_Saleh_Bashir" class="mw-redirect" title="Bashir Saleh Bashir">Bashir Saleh Bashir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahmed_Gaddaf_al-Dam" title="Ahmed Gaddaf al-Dam">Ahmed Gaddaf al-Dam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abdel_Rahman_Abdel_Hamid" title="Abdel Rahman Abdel Hamid">Abdel Rahman Abdel Hamid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tohami_Khaled" title="Tohami Khaled">Tohami Khaled</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ali_Kanna" title="Ali Kanna">Ali Kanna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khweldi_Hameidi" title="Khweldi Hameidi">Khweldi Hameidi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muftah_Anaqrat" title="Muftah Anaqrat">Muftah Anaqrat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hasan_al-Kabir_al-Gaddafi" title="Hasan al-Kabir al-Gaddafi">Hasan al-Kabir al-Gaddafi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mohamed_Gayth" title="Mohamed Gayth">Mohamed Gayth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Massoud_Abdelhafid" title="Massoud Abdelhafid">Massoud Abdelhafid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahdi_al-Arabi" title="Mahdi al-Arabi">Mahdi al-Arabi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huda_Ben_Amer" title="Huda Ben Amer">Huda Ben Amer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hala_Misrati" title="Hala Misrati">Hala Misrati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Safia_Farkash" title="Safia Farkash">Safia Farkash</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abdul_Ati_al-Obeidi" title="Abdul Ati al-Obeidi">Abdul Ati al-Obeidi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mohamed_Abu_al-Qasim_al-Zwai" title="Mohamed Abu al-Qasim al-Zwai">Mohamed Abu al-Qasim al-Zwai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salih_Rajab_al-Mismari" title="Salih Rajab al-Mismari">Salih Rajab al-Mismari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abdul_Majid_al-Qa%E2%80%B2ud" title="Abdul Majid al-Qa′ud">Abdul Majid al-Qa′ud</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tayeb_El-Safi" title="Tayeb El-Safi">Tayeb El-Safi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sayyid_Gaddaf_al-Dam" title="Sayyid Gaddaf al-Dam">Sayyid Gaddaf al-Dam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bashir_Saghir_Hawadi" title="Bashir Saghir Hawadi">Bashir Saghir Hawadi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abdulqadir_al-Baghdadi" title="Abdulqadir al-Baghdadi">Abdulqadir al-Baghdadi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mustafa_Kharoubi" title="Mustafa Kharoubi">Mustafa Kharoubi</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em;text-align: left;background-color: #eee;">NATO</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/James_G._Stavridis" title="James G. Stavridis">James G. Stavridis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Bouchard" title="Charles Bouchard">Charles Bouchard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ralph_Jodice" title="Ralph Jodice">Ralph Jodice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rinaldo_Veri" title="Rinaldo Veri">Rinaldo Veri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/J._Christopher_Stevens" title="J. Christopher Stevens">J. Christopher Stevens</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em;text-align: left;background-color: #eee;">Others</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Moussa_Koussa" title="Moussa Koussa">Moussa Koussa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shukri_Ghanem" title="Shukri Ghanem">Shukri Ghanem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abdel_Rahman_Shalgham" title="Abdel Rahman Shalgham">Abdel Rahman Shalgham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abdessalam_Jalloud" title="Abdessalam Jalloud">Abdessalam Jalloud</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ali_Treki" title="Ali Treki">Ali Treki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Imbarek_Shamekh" title="Imbarek Shamekh">Imbarek Shamekh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nuri_al-Mismari" title="Nuri al-Mismari">Nuri al-Mismari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mohammed_Nabbous" title="Mohammed Nabbous">Mohammed Nabbous</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iman_al-Obeidi" title="Iman al-Obeidi">Iman al-Obeidi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mohammed_El_Senussi" title="Mohammed El Senussi">Prince Mohammed El Senussi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Idris_bin_Abdullah_al-Senussi" title="Idris bin Abdullah al-Senussi">Prince Idris bin Abdullah al-Senussi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hussein_Sadiq_al_Musrati" title="Hussein Sadiq al Musrati">Hussein Sadiq al Musrati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mustafa_Ben_Halim" title="Mustafa Ben Halim">Mustafa Ben Halim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ihab_Al-Mismari" title="Ihab Al-Mismari">Ihab Al-Mismari</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: left">Places, buildings and structures</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abu_Salim_prison" title="Abu Salim prison">Abu Salim prison</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bab_al-Azizia" title="Bab al-Azizia">Bab al-Azizia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fist_Crushing_a_U.S._Fighter_Plane_Sculpture" class="mw-redirect" title="Fist Crushing a U.S. Fighter Plane Sculpture">Fist Crushing a U.S. Fighter Plane Sculpture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giuliana_Bridge" title="Giuliana Bridge">Giuliana Bridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martyrs%27_Square,_Tripoli" title="Martyrs' Square, Tripoli">Green Square/Martyrs' Square</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maydan_al_Shajara" title="Maydan al Shajara">Maydan al Shajara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mitiga_International_Airport" title="Mitiga International Airport">Mitiga International Airport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/People%27s_Hall,_Tripoli" title="People's Hall, Tripoli">People's Hall, Tripoli</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: left">Impact</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Casualties_of_the_Libyan_civil_war_(2011)" title="Casualties of the Libyan civil war (2011)">Casualties</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Domestic_responses_to_the_Libyan_Civil_War_(2011)" class="mw-redirect" title="Domestic responses to the Libyan Civil War (2011)">Domestic responses</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_rights_violations_during_the_Libyan_civil_war_(2011)" title="Human rights violations during the Libyan civil war (2011)">Human rights violations</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2011_Libyan_rape_allegations" title="2011 Libyan rape allegations">Rape allegations</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Humanitarian_situation_during_the_2011_Libyan_Civil_War" class="mw-redirect" title="Humanitarian situation during the 2011 Libyan Civil War">Humanitarian situation</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Libyan_refugees" title="Libyan refugees">Refugees</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_reactions_to_the_Libyan_civil_war_(2011)" title="International reactions to the Libyan civil war (2011)">International reactions</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/International_reactions_to_the_2011_military_intervention_in_Libya" title="International reactions to the 2011 military intervention in Libya">International reactions to military intervention</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Protests_against_the_2011_military_intervention_in_Libya" title="Protests against the 2011 military intervention in Libya">Protests against military intervention</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/US_domestic_reactions_to_the_2011_military_intervention_in_Libya" title="US domestic reactions to the 2011 military intervention in Libya">U.S. reactions to military intervention</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_reactions_to_the_killing_of_Muammar_Gaddafi" title="International reactions to the killing of Muammar Gaddafi">International reactions to Gaddafi's death</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Factional_violence_in_Libya_(2011%E2%80%932014)" title="Factional violence in Libya (2011–2014)">Factional violence in Libya</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2012_Benghazi_attack" title="2012 Benghazi attack">2012 Benghazi attack</a></li></ul></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">2014–2020 civil war</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Libyan_civil_war_(2014%E2%80%932020)" title="Timeline of the Libyan civil war (2014–2020)">Timeline</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manchester_Arena_bombing" title="Manchester Arena bombing">Manchester Arena bombing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Afriqiyah_Airways_Flight_209" title="Afriqiyah Airways Flight 209">Afriqiyah Airways Flight 209</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: left">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Belarus_in_Libyan_conflict" class="mw-redirect" title="Belarus in Libyan conflict">Belarus in Libyan conflict</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_(Libya)" title="Democratic Party (Libya)">Democratic Party (Libya)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Libyan_Freedom_and_Democracy_Campaign" title="Libyan Freedom and Democracy Campaign">Libyan Freedom and Democracy Campaign</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Free_speech_in_the_media_during_the_2011_Libyan_Civil_War" class="mw-redirect" title="Free speech in the media during the 2011 Libyan Civil War">Media</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Transitional_Council" title="National Transitional Council">National Transitional Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_reactions_to_the_First_Libyan_Civil_War#UK_squatting_by_'Topple_the_Tyrants'" class="mw-redirect" title="International reactions to the First Libyan Civil War">Topple the Tyrants</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_General_Assembly_Resolution_65/265" title="United Nations General Assembly Resolution 65/265">United Nations General Assembly Resolution 65/265</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Security_Council_Resolution_1970" title="United Nations Security Council Resolution 1970">United Nations Security Council Resolution 1970</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Security_Council_Resolution_1973" title="United Nations Security Council Resolution 1973">United Nations Security Council Resolution 1973</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Security_Council_Resolution_2009" title="United Nations Security Council Resolution 2009">United Nations Security Council Resolution 2009</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Security_Council_Resolution_2016" title="United Nations Security Council Resolution 2016">United Nations Security Council Resolution 2016</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Voice_of_Free_Libya" title="Voice of Free Libya">Voice of Free Libya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zenga_Zenga" title="Zenga Zenga">Zenga Zenga</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li>Italics denote operations or battles related to the <a href="/wiki/2011_military_intervention_in_Libya" title="2011 military intervention in Libya">military intervention in Libya</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /> <a href="/wiki/Category:Libyan_civil_war_(2011)" title="Category:Libyan civil war (2011)">Category</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/24px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /> <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Libyan_civil_war_(2011)" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Libyan civil war (2011)">Commons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/File:Wikinews-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Wikinews page"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Wikinews-logo.svg/16px-Wikinews-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="9" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Wikinews-logo.svg/24px-Wikinews-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Wikinews-logo.svg/32px-Wikinews-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="759" data-file-height="415" /></a> <a href="https://en.wikinews.org/wiki/Category:2011_Libyan_uprising" class="extiw" title="wikinews:Category:2011 Libyan uprising">Wikinews</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/13px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="13" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/20px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/27px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="355" /> <a href="https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/2011_Libyan_civil_war" class="extiw" title="wikiquote:2011 Libyan civil war">Wikiquotes</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886047488">.mw-parser-output .nobold{font-weight:normal}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Libya" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Libya_topics" title="Template:Libya topics"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Libya_topics" title="Template talk:Libya topics"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Libya_topics" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Libya topics"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Libya" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Libya" title="Libya">Libya</a> </div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/History_of_Libya" title="History of Libya">History</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Libya" title="Ancient Libya">Ancient</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Libya_in_the_Roman_era" class="mw-redirect" title="Libya in the Roman era">Roman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_Tripolitania_and_Cyrenaica" title="Islamic Tripolitania and Cyrenaica">Islamic Tripolitania and Cyrenaica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_Tripoli" title="Spanish Tripoli">Spanish Tripoli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hospitaller_Tripoli" title="Hospitaller Tripoli">Hospitaller Tripoli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Tripolitania" title="Ottoman Tripolitania">Ottoman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_colonization_of_Libya" title="Italian colonization of Libya">Italian colonization</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Italian_Tripolitania" title="Italian Tripolitania">Italian Tripolitania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_Cyrenaica" title="Italian Cyrenaica">Italian Cyrenaica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_Libya" title="Italian Libya">Italian Libya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Libyan_genocide" title="Libyan genocide">Libyan genocide</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Holocaust_in_Libya" title="The Holocaust in Libya">The Holocaust</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Allied_administration_of_Libya" title="Allied administration of Libya">Allied occupation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Libya" title="Kingdom of Libya">Kingdom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Libya_under_Muammar_Gaddafi" title="History of Libya under Muammar Gaddafi">Libya under Gaddafi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Libya" title="Libya">State of Libya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Libyan_Crisis_(2011%E2%80%93present)" class="mw-redirect" title="Libyan Crisis (2011–present)">Libyan Crisis</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Libyan_civil_war_(2011)" title="Libyan civil war (2011)">2011</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">2014–2020</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="5" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px;background:#f8f8f8;"><div><a href="/wiki/File:Map_of_traditional_provinces_of_Libye-en.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Map_of_traditional_provinces_of_Libye-en.svg/80px-Map_of_traditional_provinces_of_Libye-en.svg.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="77" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Map_of_traditional_provinces_of_Libye-en.svg/120px-Map_of_traditional_provinces_of_Libye-en.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Map_of_traditional_provinces_of_Libye-en.svg/160px-Map_of_traditional_provinces_of_Libye-en.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="969" data-file-height="929" /></a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Libya" title="Geography of Libya">Geography</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Template:Borders_of_Libya" title="Template:Borders of Libya">Borders</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_in_Libya" title="List of cities in Libya">Cities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Libya#Climate_and_hydrology" title="Geography of Libya">Climate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Districts_of_Libya" title="Districts of Libya">Districts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_ecoregions_in_Libya" title="List of ecoregions in Libya">Ecoregions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Libyan_Desert" title="Libyan Desert">Libyan Desert</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baladiyat_of_Libya" title="Baladiyat of Libya">Municipalities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Subdivisions_of_Libya" title="Subdivisions of Libya">Subdivisions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wildlife_of_Libya" title="Wildlife of Libya">Wildlife</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Libya" title="Politics of Libya">Politics</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Libyan_interim_Constitutional_Declaration" title="Libyan interim Constitutional Declaration">Constitution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Libya" title="Elections in Libya">Elections</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Libya" title="Foreign relations of Libya">Foreign relations</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Libya_under_Muammar_Gaddafi" title="Foreign relations of Libya under Muammar Gaddafi">Foreign relations under Gaddafi</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Government_of_National_Accord" title="Government of National Accord">Government of National Accord</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Government_of_National_Unity_(Libya)" title="Government of National Unity (Libya)">Government of National Unity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Presidential_Council_(Libya)" title="Presidential Council (Libya)">Presidential Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_heads_of_state_of_Libya" title="List of heads of state of Libya">Head of state</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_heads_of_government_of_Libya" title="List of heads of government of Libya">Head of government</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/High_Council_of_State_(Libya)" title="High Council of State (Libya)">High Council of State</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/House_of_Representatives_(Libya)" title="House of Representatives (Libya)">House of Representatives</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Libyan_Armed_Forces" title="Libyan Armed Forces">Military</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_rights_in_Libya" title="Human rights in Libya">Human rights</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/LGBT_rights_in_Libya" class="mw-redirect" title="LGBT rights in Libya">LGBT</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Libya" title="Economy of Libya">Economy</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Agriculture_in_Libya" title="Agriculture in Libya">Agriculture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_Bank_of_Libya" title="Central Bank of Libya">Central Bank</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Communications_in_Libya" class="mw-redirect" title="Communications in Libya">Communications</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_companies_of_Libya" title="List of companies of Libya">Companies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Libyan_dinar" title="Libyan dinar">Dinar (currency)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Energy_in_Libya" title="Energy in Libya">Energy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Man-Made_River" title="Great Man-Made River">Great Man-Made River</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Oil_Corporation" title="National Oil Corporation">National Oil Corporation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oil_reserves_in_Libya" title="Oil reserves in Libya">Oil reserves</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tourism_in_Libya" title="Tourism in Libya">Tourism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transport_in_Libya" title="Transport in Libya">Transport</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Libya" title="Culture of Libya">Culture</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Libya" title="Demographics of Libya">Demographics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Education_in_Libya" title="Education in Libya">Education</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Health_in_Libya" title="Health in Libya">Health</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Libyan_Arabic" title="Libyan Arabic">Libyan Arabic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Libyan_literature" title="Libyan literature">Literature</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Media_of_Libya" title="Media of Libya">Media</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Libya" title="Music of Libya">Music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_holidays_in_Libya" title="Public holidays in Libya">Public holidays</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Libya" title="Religion in Libya">Religion</a></li> <li>Sports <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Football_in_Libya" title="Football in Libya">Football</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Libya_at_the_Olympics" title="Libya at the Olympics">Olympics</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women_in_Libya" title="Women in Libya">Women</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3" style="font-weight:bold;"><div><div style="margin-bottom:-0.4em;"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_Libya" title="Outline of Libya">Outline</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Index_of_Libya-related_articles" title="Index of Libya-related articles">Index</a></li></ul></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Libya" title="Category:Libya">Category</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portal:Libya" title="Portal:Libya">Portal</a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Libyan_institutional_transition" style="wide;padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background-color:#CEE0F2;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Libyan_institutional_transition" title="Template:Libyan institutional transition"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Libyan_institutional_transition" title="Template talk:Libyan institutional transition"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Libyan_institutional_transition" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Libyan institutional transition"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Libyan_institutional_transition" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Libyan institutional transition</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#eeeeee;">Military context</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/First_Libyan_Civil_War" class="mw-redirect" title="First Libyan Civil War">Libyan Civil War (2011)</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Libyan Civil War (2014–2020)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#eeeeee;">Head of state</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Presidential_Council_(Libya)" title="Presidential Council (Libya)">Presidential Council</a> (2016–present)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#eeeeee;">Advisory body</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/High_Council_of_State_(Libya)" title="High Council of State (Libya)">High Council of State</a> (2016–present)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#eeeeee;">Governments</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li class="mw-empty-elt"></li></ul></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="unified" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">unified</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Transitional_Council" title="National Transitional Council">National Transitional Council</a> (2011–12)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Government_of_National_Unity_(Libya)" title="Government of National Unity (Libya)">Government of National Unity</a> (March–December 2021 (as a unified government))</li> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> <ul><li class="mw-empty-elt"></li></ul></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="split" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">split</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Al-Thani_Cabinet" title="Second Al-Thani Cabinet">Second Al-Thani Cabinet</a> (2014–2021)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Salvation_Government" title="National Salvation Government">National Salvation Government</a> (GNC, 2014–16)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Government_of_National_Accord" title="Government of National Accord">Government of National Accord</a> (GNA, 2015–2021)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Government_of_National_Stability" title="Government of National Stability">Government of National Stability</a> (2022–present)</li> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#eeeeee;">Parliaments</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li class="mw-empty-elt"></li></ul></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="unified" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">unified</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <li><a href="/wiki/General_National_Congress" title="General National Congress">General National Congress</a> (GNC, 2012–14)</li> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> <ul><li class="mw-empty-elt"></li></ul></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="split" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">split</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <li><a href="/wiki/House_of_Representatives_(Libya)" title="House of Representatives (Libya)">House of Representatives</a> (HoR, 2014–present)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/General_National_Congress" title="General National Congress">General National Congress</a> (GNC, 2014–16)</li> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#eeeeee;">Constitution</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Libyan_interim_Constitutional_Declaration" title="Libyan interim Constitutional Declaration">2011 interim Constitutional Declaration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2014_Libyan_Constitutional_Assembly_election" title="2014 Libyan Constitutional Assembly election">2014 Constitutional Assembly election</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constituent_Assembly_of_Libya" title="Constituent Assembly of Libya">Constituent Assembly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2017_draft_Libyan_constitution" title="2017 draft Libyan constitution">2017 draft constitution</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#eeeeee;"><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Libya" title="Elections in Libya">Elections in Libya</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/High_National_Election_Commission" title="High National Election Commission">High National Election Commission</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2012_Libyan_parliamentary_election" title="2012 Libyan parliamentary election">2012 parliament (GNC)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2014_Libyan_parliamentary_election" title="2014 Libyan parliamentary election">2014 parliament (HoR)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Next_Libyan_presidential_election" title="Next Libyan presidential election">next parliament + president</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_Commission_of_Municipal_Council_Elections" title="Central Commission of Municipal Council Elections">Central Commission of Municipal Council Elections</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2012_Libyan_local_elections" title="2012 Libyan local elections">2011–2012</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2014_Libyan_local_elections" title="2014 Libyan local elections">2014</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2019%E2%80%9320_Libyan_local_elections" class="mw-redirect" title="2019–20 Libyan local elections">2019–2020</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#eeeeee;">Judiciary</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Supreme_Judicial_Council_of_Libya" title="Supreme Judicial Council of Libya">Supreme Judicial Council</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#eeeeee;">Military</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li class="mw-empty-elt"></li></ul></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="split" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">split</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <li><a href="/wiki/Libyan_Army" title="Libyan Army">Libyan Army</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Libyan_National_Army" title="Libyan National Army">Libyan National Army</a></li> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#eeeeee;">Peace process</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Libyan_peace_process" title="Libyan peace process">Libyan peace process</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Palermo_Conference" title="Palermo Conference">Palermo Conference</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Libyan_National_Conference" title="Libyan National Conference">Libyan National Conference</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Libyan_Political_Dialogue_Forum" title="Libyan Political Dialogue Forum">Libyan Political Dialogue Forum</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#eeeeee;">Support</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Support_Mission_in_Libya" title="United Nations Support Mission in Libya">United Nations Support Mission in Libya</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="2" style="background-color:#eeeeee;"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Libyan_Crisis_(2011%E2%80%93present)" class="mw-redirect" title="Libyan Crisis (2011–present)">Libyan Crisis</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Islamic_State" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Islamic_State" title="Template:Islamic State"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Islamic_State" title="Template talk:Islamic State"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Islamic_State" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Islamic State"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Islamic_State" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Islamic_State" title="Islamic State">Islamic State</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><a href="/wiki/Names_of_the_Islamic_State" title="Names of the Islamic State">Names of the Islamic State</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Islamic_State_members" title="List of Islamic State members">Members</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_leaders_of_the_Islamic_State" title="List of leaders of the Islamic State">List of leaders</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Current</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abu_Hafs_al-Hashimi_al-Qurashi" title="Abu Hafs al-Hashimi al-Qurashi">Abu Hafs al-Hashimi al-Qurashi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abu_Hudhayfah_Al-Ansari" title="Abu Hudhayfah Al-Ansari">Abu Hudhayfah Al-Ansari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abdul_Qadir_Mumin" title="Abdul Qadir Mumin">Abdul Qadir Mumin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abu_Fatima_al-Jaheishi" title="Abu Fatima al-Jaheishi">Abu Fatima al-Jaheishi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abu_Yusaf" title="Abu Yusaf">Abu Yusaf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abu_al-Baraa_el-Azdi" title="Abu al-Baraa el-Azdi">Abu al-Baraa el-Azdi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abu_Habib_al-Libi" title="Abu Habib al-Libi">Abu Habib al-Libi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abu_Jandal_al-Masri" title="Abu Jandal al-Masri">Abu Jandal al-Masri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zulfi_Hoxha" title="Zulfi Hoxha">Zulfi Hoxha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bajro_Ikanovi%C4%87" title="Bajro Ikanović">Bajro Ikanović</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Faysal_Ahmad_Ali_al-Zahrani" title="Faysal Ahmad Ali al-Zahrani">Faysal Ahmad Ali al-Zahrani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fatiha_Mejjati" title="Fatiha Mejjati">Fatiha Mejjati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahlam_al-Nasr" title="Ahlam al-Nasr">Ahlam al-Nasr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Issam_Abuanza" title="Issam Abuanza">Issam Abuanza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Musa_Baluku" title="Musa Baluku">Musa Baluku</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"> <a href="/wiki/Killed_in_action" title="Killed in action">†</a> Former</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abu_Bakr_al-Baghdadi" title="Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi">Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abu_Ibrahim_al-Hashimi_al-Qurashi" title="Abu Ibrahim al-Hashimi al-Qurashi">Abu Ibrahim al-Hashimi al-Qurashi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abu_al-Hasan_al-Hashimi_al-Qurashi" title="Abu al-Hasan al-Hashimi al-Qurashi">Abu al-Hasan al-Hashimi al-Qurashi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abu_al-Hussein_al-Husseini_al-Qurashi" title="Abu al-Hussein al-Husseini al-Qurashi">Abu al-Hussein al-Husseini al-Qurashi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abu_Ahmad_al-Alwani" title="Abu Ahmad al-Alwani">Abu Ahmad al-Alwani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haji_Bakr" title="Haji Bakr">Haji Bakr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abu_Usamah_al-Maghrebi" title="Abu Usamah al-Maghrebi">Abu Usamah al-Maghrebi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abu_Abdulrahman_al-Bilawi" title="Abu Abdulrahman al-Bilawi">Abu Abdulrahman al-Bilawi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abu_Muhannad_al-Suwaydawi" title="Abu Muhannad al-Suwaydawi">Abu Muhannad al-Suwaydawi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abdul_Rauf_Aliza" title="Abdul Rauf Aliza">Abdul Rauf Aliza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abu_Sayyaf_(Islamic_State_leader)" title="Abu Sayyaf (Islamic State leader)">Abu Sayyaf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ali_Awni_al-Harzi" title="Ali Awni al-Harzi">Ali Awni al-Harzi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tariq_al-Harzi" title="Tariq al-Harzi">Tariq al-Harzi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abu_Khattab_al-Tunisi" title="Abu Khattab al-Tunisi">Abu Khattab al-Tunisi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maher_Meshaal" title="Maher Meshaal">Maher Meshaal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abu_Muslim_al-Turkmani" title="Abu Muslim al-Turkmani">Abu Muslim al-Turkmani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abu_Saleh" title="Abu Saleh">Abu Saleh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jihadi_John" title="Jihadi John">Mohammed Emwazi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abu_Nabil_al-Anbari" title="Abu Nabil al-Anbari">Abu Nabil al-Anbari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abu_Ali_al-Anbari" title="Abu Ali al-Anbari">Abu Ali al-Anbari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abu_Waheeb" title="Abu Waheeb">Abu Waheeb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ali_Aswad_al-Jiburi" title="Ali Aswad al-Jiburi">Ali Aswad al-Jiburi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abu_Omar_al-Shishani" title="Abu Omar al-Shishani">Abu Omar al-Shishani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/El-Hassen_Ould_Khalill_Jouleibib" class="mw-redirect" title="El-Hassen Ould Khalill Jouleibib">El-Hassen Ould Khalill Jouleibib</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abu_Mohammad_al-Adnani" title="Abu Mohammad al-Adnani">Abu Mohammad al-Adnani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abu_Hamza_Al-Qurashi" title="Abu Hamza Al-Qurashi">Abu Hamza Al-Qurashi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abu_Muhammad_al-Furqan" title="Abu Muhammad al-Furqan">Abu Muhammad al-Furqan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abu_Jandal_al-Kuwaiti" title="Abu Jandal al-Kuwaiti">Abu Jandal al-Kuwaiti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abu_Bilal_al-Harbi" title="Abu Bilal al-Harbi">Abu Bilal al-Harbi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahmad_Abousamra" title="Ahmad Abousamra">Ahmad Abousamra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turki_al-Binali" title="Turki al-Binali">Turki al-Binali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tareq_Kamleh" title="Tareq Kamleh">Tareq Kamleh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lavdrim_Muhaxheri" title="Lavdrim Muhaxheri">Lavdrim Muhaxheri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abu_Osama_al-Masri" title="Abu Osama al-Masri">Abu Osama al-Masri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abul-Hasan_al-Muhajir" title="Abul-Hasan al-Muhajir">Abul-Hasan al-Muhajir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abu_Muhammad_al-Shimali" title="Abu Muhammad al-Shimali">Abu Muhammad al-Shimali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gulmurod_Khalimov" title="Gulmurod Khalimov">Gulmurod Khalimov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abdul_Nasser_Qardash" title="Abdul Nasser Qardash">Abdul Nasser Qardash</a> (captured)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abu_Yasser_al-Issawi" title="Abu Yasser al-Issawi">Abu Yasser al-Issawi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adnan_Abu_Walid_al-Sahrawi" title="Adnan Abu Walid al-Sahrawi">Adnan Abu Walid al-Sahrawi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abu_Hamza_Al-Qurashi" title="Abu Hamza Al-Qurashi">Abu Hamza Al-Qurashi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yusuf_al-Hindi" class="mw-redirect" title="Yusuf al-Hindi">Yusuf al-Hindi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abu_Omar_al-Muhajir" title="Abu Omar al-Muhajir">Abu Omar al-Muhajir</a> (captured)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Othman_al-Nazih" title="Othman al-Nazih">Othman al-Nazih</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jamal_Udeen_Al-Harith" title="Jamal Udeen Al-Harith">Jamal Udeen Al-Harith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aine_Davis" title="Aine Davis">Aine Davis</a> (captured)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexanda_Kotey" title="Alexanda Kotey">Alexanda Kotey</a> (captured)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/El_Shafee_Elsheikh" title="El Shafee Elsheikh">El Shafee Elsheikh</a> (captured)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Denis_Cuspert" title="Denis Cuspert">Denis Cuspert</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abdelhamid_Abaaoud" title="Abdelhamid Abaaoud">Abdelhamid Abaaoud</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boubaker_El_Hakim" title="Boubaker El Hakim">Boubaker El Hakim</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Islamic_State" title="History of the Islamic State">History</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jama%27at_al-Tawhid_wal-Jihad" title="Jama'at al-Tawhid wal-Jihad">Jama'at al-Tawhid wal-Jihad</a> (1999–2004)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Qaeda_in_Iraq" title="Al-Qaeda in Iraq">Al-Qaeda in Iraq</a> (2004–2006)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mujahideen_Shura_Council_(Iraq)" title="Mujahideen Shura Council (Iraq)">Mujahideen Shura Council</a> (2006)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_State_of_Iraq" title="Islamic State of Iraq">Islamic State of Iraq</a> (2006–2013)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_State#Name" title="Islamic State">Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant</a> (2013–2014)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_State" title="Islamic State">Islamic State</a> (2014–present)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_terrorist_incidents_linked_to_the_Islamic_State" title="List of terrorist incidents linked to the Islamic State">Timeline of events</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Islamic_State_(2013)" title="Timeline of the Islamic State (2013)">2013</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Islamic_State_(2014)" title="Timeline of the Islamic State (2014)">2014</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Islamic_State_(2015)" title="Timeline of the Islamic State (2015)">2015</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Islamic_State_(2016)" title="Timeline of the Islamic State (2016)">2016</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Islamic_State_(2017)" title="Timeline of the Islamic State (2017)">2017</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Islamic_State_(2018)" title="Timeline of the Islamic State (2018)">2018</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Islamic_State_(2019)" title="Timeline of the Islamic State (2019)">2019</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Islamic_State_(2020)" title="Timeline of the Islamic State (2020)">2020</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_terrorist_incidents_linked_to_the_Islamic_State#2021" title="List of terrorist incidents linked to the Islamic State">2021</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_terrorist_incidents_linked_to_the_Islamic_State#2022" title="List of terrorist incidents linked to the Islamic State">2022</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_terrorist_incidents_linked_to_the_Islamic_State#2023" title="List of terrorist incidents linked to the Islamic State">2023</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Islamic_State_(2024)" title="Timeline of the Islamic State (2024)">2024</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Territory_of_the_Islamic_State#Specific_territorial_claims" title="Territory of the Islamic State">Groups</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International branches</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_State_%E2%80%93_Khorasan_Province" title="Islamic State – Khorasan Province">Khorasan Province (Afghanistan and Pakistan)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_State_%E2%80%93_Libya_Province" title="Islamic State – Libya Province">Libyan Provinces (Libya)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_State_%E2%80%93_Caucasus_Province" title="Islamic State – Caucasus Province">Caucasus Province (North Caucasus, Russia)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_State_%E2%80%93_Sinai_Province" title="Islamic State – Sinai Province">Sinai Province (Sinai, Egypt)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_State_%E2%80%93_Algeria_Province" title="Islamic State – Algeria Province">Algeria Province (Algeria)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_State_%E2%80%93_Yemen_Province" title="Islamic State – Yemen Province">Yemen Province (Yemen)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_State_in_Somalia" class="mw-redirect" title="Islamic State in Somalia">Abnaa ul-Khilafah (Somalia and Somaliland)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_State_%E2%80%93_Bengal_Province" title="Islamic State – Bengal Province">Bengal Province (Bangladesh)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boko_Haram" title="Boko Haram">Boko Haram (Nigeria, Cameroon, Chad, Niger and Mali)</a> (2015–2016)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_State_%E2%80%93_West_Africa_Province" title="Islamic State – West Africa Province">West Africa Province (Nigeria, Cameroon, Chad and Niger)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_State_%E2%80%93_Central_Africa_Province" title="Islamic State – Central Africa Province">Central Africa Province (DR Congo and Uganda)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_State_%E2%80%93_Sahil_Province" class="mw-redirect" title="Islamic State – Sahil Province">Sahil Province (Mali, Niger and Burkina Faso)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_State_%E2%80%93_Hind_Province" title="Islamic State – Hind Province">Hind Province (India)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_State_%E2%80%93_Pakistan_Province" title="Islamic State – Pakistan Province">Pakistan Province ((Pakistan)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_State_%E2%80%93_Turkey_Province" title="Islamic State – Turkey Province">Turkey Province (Turkey)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Islamic_State_%E2%80%93_Mozambique_Province&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Islamic State – Mozambique Province (page does not exist)">Mozambique Province (Mozambique)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khalid_ibn_al-Walid_Army" title="Khalid ibn al-Walid Army">Khalid ibn al-Walid Army (Syria)</a> (2016–2018)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sheikh_Omar_Hadid_Brigade" title="Sheikh Omar Hadid Brigade">Sheikh Omar Hadid Brigade (Gaza)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abu_Sayyaf" title="Abu Sayyaf">Abu Sayyaf (Philippines)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ansar_Khalifa_Philippines" title="Ansar Khalifa Philippines">Ansar Khalifa (Philippines)</a> (2014–2021)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ansar_al-Khilafah_Brazil" title="Ansar al-Khilafah Brazil">Ansar al-Khilafah Brazil (Brazil)</a> (2016–2018)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Indonesia_Mujahideen" title="East Indonesia Mujahideen">East Indonesia Mujahideen (Indonesia)</a> (2014–2022)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Unorganized cells</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Territory_of_the_Islamic_State#Azerbaijan" title="Territory of the Islamic State">Azerbaijan Province (Azerbaijan)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_State_in_Jammu_and_Kashmir" title="Islamic State in Jammu and Kashmir">Jammu and Kashmir Province (Jammu and Kashmir)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_State_in_Kurdistan" title="Islamic State in Kurdistan">Kurdistan Province (Kurdistan)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Territory_of_the_Islamic_State#Saudi_Arabia" title="Territory of the Islamic State">Haramayn Province (Saudi Arabia and Bahrain)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Territory_of_the_Islamic_State#Lebanon_and_Tunisia" title="Territory of the Islamic State">Lebanon Province (Lebanon)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Territory_of_the_Islamic_State#Lebanon_and_Tunisia" title="Territory of the Islamic State">Jund al Khilafah in Tunisia (Tunisia)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brussels_Islamic_State_terror_cell" title="Brussels Islamic State terror cell">Brussels Islamic State terror cell (Belgium)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_wars_and_battles_involving_the_Islamic_State" title="List of wars and battles involving the Islamic State">Wars</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/War_on_terror" title="War on terror">War on terror</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iraq_War" title="Iraq War">Iraq War</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Iraqi_insurgency_(2003%E2%80%932011)" title="Iraqi insurgency (2003–2011)">Insurgency (2003–2011)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iraqi_civil_war_(2006%E2%80%932008)" title="Iraqi civil war (2006–2008)">Iraqi civil war (2006–2008)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iraqi_insurgency_(2011%E2%80%932013)" title="Iraqi insurgency (2011–2013)">Insurgency (2011–2013)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/War_in_Iraq_(2013%E2%80%932017)" title="War in Iraq (2013–2017)">War in Iraq (2013–2017)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_State_insurgency_in_Iraq_(2017%E2%80%93present)" title="Islamic State insurgency in Iraq (2017–present)">Insurgency (2017–present)</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syrian_civil_war" title="Syrian civil war">Syrian civil war</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Spillover_of_the_Syrian_civil_war" title="Spillover of the Syrian civil war">Spillover</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syrian_civil_war_spillover_in_Lebanon" title="Syrian civil war spillover in Lebanon">Spillover in Lebanon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Opposition%E2%80%93Islamic_State_conflict_during_the_Syrian_civil_war" title="Opposition–Islamic State conflict during the Syrian civil war">Opposition–Islamic State conflict</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sinai_insurgency" title="Sinai insurgency">Sinai insurgency</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Second Libyan Civil War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Insurgency_in_Khyber_Pakhtunkhwa" title="Insurgency in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa">Insurgency in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Insurgency_in_Cabo_Delgado" title="Insurgency in Cabo Delgado">Mozambique</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamist_insurgency_in_the_Sahel" title="Islamist insurgency in the Sahel">Islamist insurgency in the Sahel</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mali_War" title="Mali War">Mali War</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/War_in_Afghanistan_(2001%E2%80%932021)" title="War in Afghanistan (2001–2021)">War in Afghanistan (2001–2021)</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_State%E2%80%93Taliban_conflict" title="Islamic State–Taliban conflict">Conflict with Taliban</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moro_conflict" title="Moro conflict">Moro conflict (1968–2019)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Qaeda_insurgency_in_Yemen" title="Al-Qaeda insurgency in Yemen">al-Qaeda insurgency in Yemen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yemeni_civil_war_(2014%E2%80%93present)" title="Yemeni civil war (2014–present)">Yemeni civil war (2014–present)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boko_Haram_insurgency" title="Boko Haram insurgency">Boko Haram insurgency</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/War_against_the_Islamic_State" title="War against the Islamic State">Military intervention against IS</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/US-led_intervention_in_Iraq_(2014%E2%80%932021)" title="US-led intervention in Iraq (2014–2021)">US intervention in Iraq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/US_intervention_in_the_Syrian_civil_war" title="US intervention in the Syrian civil war">US intervention in Syria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_intervention_in_the_Syrian_civil_war" title="Russian intervention in the Syrian civil war">Russian intervention in Syria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Euphrates_Shield" title="Operation Euphrates Shield">Turkish operation</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Somali_Civil_War_(2009%E2%80%93present)" title="Somali Civil War (2009–present)">Somalia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_wars_and_battles_involving_the_Islamic_State" title="List of wars and battles involving the Islamic State">Battles</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2013</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Akashat_ambush" title="Akashat ambush">Akashat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2013_Hawija_clashes" title="2013 Hawija clashes">Hawija</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raqqa_campaign_(2012%E2%80%932013)" title="Raqqa campaign (2012–2013)">Raqqa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_al-Shabah" title="Operation al-Shabah">Al-Shabah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Ras_al-Ayn_(2012%E2%80%9313)" title="Battle of Ras al-Ayn (2012–13)">Ras al-Ayn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Tell_Abyad_(2013)" title="Battle of Tell Abyad (2013)">Tell Abyad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2013_Latakia_offensive" title="2013 Latakia offensive">Latakia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Menagh_Air_Base" title="Siege of Menagh Air Base">Menagh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Sidi_Ali_Ben_Aoun" title="Battle of Sidi Ali Ben Aoun">Sidi Ali Ben Aoun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Sadad" title="Battle of Sadad">Sadad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Qalamoun_(2013%E2%80%932014)" title="Battle of Qalamoun (2013–2014)">Qalamoun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aleppo_offensive_(October%E2%80%93December_2013)" title="Aleppo offensive (October–December 2013)">Aleppo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_al-Yaarubiyah" title="Battle of al-Yaarubiyah">Al-Yaarubiyah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Tell_Hamis_and_Tell_Brak_(December_2013%E2%80%93January_2014)" class="mw-redirect" title="Battle of Tell Hamis and Tell Brak (December 2013–January 2014)">Tell Hamis and Tell Brak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anbar_campaign_(2013%E2%80%932014)" title="Anbar campaign (2013–2014)">Anbar</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2014</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fall_of_Fallujah" title="Fall of Fallujah">Fallujah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_Aleppo_offensive_(February%E2%80%93July_2014)" title="Northern Aleppo offensive (February–July 2014)">N Aleppo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Markada" title="Battle of Markada">Markada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_Iraq_offensive_(June_2014)" title="Northern Iraq offensive (June 2014)">N Iraq (Jun)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fall_of_Mosul" title="Fall of Mosul">Mosul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salahuddin_campaign" title="Salahuddin campaign">Salahuddin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fall_of_Baiji" title="Fall of Baiji">Baiji (Jun)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Battle_of_Tikrit" title="First Battle of Tikrit">Tikrit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_Iraq_offensive_(August_2014)" title="Northern Iraq offensive (August 2014)">N Iraq (Aug)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Koban%C3%AE" title="Siege of Kobanî">Kobanî</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sinjar_massacre" title="Sinjar massacre">Sinjar (Aug)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Derna_campaign_(2014%E2%80%932016)" title="Derna campaign (2014–2016)">Derna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Ramadi_(2014%E2%80%932015)" title="Battle of Ramadi (2014–2015)">Ramadi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deir_ez-Zor_offensive_(December_2014)" title="Deir ez-Zor offensive (December 2014)">Deir ez-Zor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Baiji_(2014%E2%80%932015)" title="Battle of Baiji (2014–2015)">Baiji (14–15)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_2014_Sinjar_offensive" title="December 2014 Sinjar offensive">Sinjar (Dec)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Zumar" title="Battle of Zumar">Zumar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Amirli" title="Siege of Amirli">Amirli</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2015</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fall_of_Nofaliya_(2015)" title="Fall of Nofaliya (2015)">Nofaliya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2015_West_African_offensive" title="2015 West African offensive">W Africa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_2015_Egyptian_airstrikes_in_Libya" title="February 2015 Egyptian airstrikes in Libya">Egyptian airstrikes in Libya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2015_Niger_raid" class="mw-redirect" title="2015 Niger raid">Niger raid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_al-Hasakah_offensive" title="Eastern al-Hasakah offensive">E al-Hasakah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Battle_of_Tikrit" title="Second Battle of Tikrit">Tikrit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Sirte_(2015)" title="Battle of Sirte (2015)">Sirte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hama_and_Homs_offensive_(March%E2%80%93April_2015)" title="Hama and Homs offensive (March–April 2015)">Hama & Homs (Mar–Apr)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Sarrin_(March%E2%80%93April_2015)" title="Battle of Sarrin (March–April 2015)">Sarrin (Mar–Apr)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Yarmouk_Camp_(2015)" title="Battle of Yarmouk Camp (2015)">Yarmouk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qalamoun_offensive_(May%E2%80%93June_2015)" title="Qalamoun offensive (May–June 2015)">Qalamoun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palmyra_offensive_(May_2015)" title="Palmyra offensive (May 2015)">Palmyra (May)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_al-Hasakah_offensive" title="Western al-Hasakah offensive">W al-Hasakah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Hasakah_city_offensive" title="Al-Hasakah city offensive">Al-Hasakah city</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tell_Abyad_offensive" title="Tell Abyad offensive">Tell Abyad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Sarrin_(June%E2%80%93July_2015)" title="Battle of Sarrin (June–July 2015)">Sarrin (Jun–Jul)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_al-Hasakah_(2015)" title="Battle of al-Hasakah (2015)">Al-Hasakah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Koban%C3%AE_massacre" title="Kobanî massacre">Kobani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palmyra_offensive_(July%E2%80%93August_2015)" title="Palmyra offensive (July–August 2015)">Palmyra (Jul–Aug)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Ramadi_(2015%E2%80%932016)" title="Battle of Ramadi (2015–2016)">Ramadi (15–16)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_al-Qaryatayn_(2015)" title="Battle of al-Qaryatayn (2015)">Al-Qaryatayn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2015_al-Hawl_offensive" title="2015 al-Hawl offensive">Al-Hawl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Homs_offensive_(November%E2%80%93December_2015)" title="Homs offensive (November–December 2015)">Homs (Nov–Dec)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_2015_Sinjar_offensive" title="November 2015 Sinjar offensive">Sinjar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Aleppo_offensive_(2015%E2%80%932016)" title="East Aleppo offensive (2015–2016)">E Aleppo (15–16)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nineveh_Plains_offensive" title="Nineveh Plains offensive">Niveneh Plains</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tishrin_Dam_offensive" title="Tishrin Dam offensive">Tishrin Dam</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2016</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Deir_ez-Zor_offensive_(2016)" title="Deir ez-Zor offensive (2016)">Deir ez-Zor (Jan)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Fallujah_(2016)" title="Siege of Fallujah (2016)">Fallujah (Feb–May)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nangarhar_offensive_(2016)" title="Nangarhar offensive (2016)">Nangarhar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Ben_Guerdane" title="Battle of Ben Guerdane">Ben Guerdane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ithriyah-Raqqa_offensive_(February%E2%80%93March_2016)" title="Ithriyah-Raqqa offensive (February–March 2016)">Ithriyah-Raqqa (Feb–Mar)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Shaddadi_offensive_(2016)" title="Al-Shaddadi offensive (2016)">Al-Shaddadi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2016_Khanasir_offensive" title="2016 Khanasir offensive">Khanasir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_al-Qaryatayn_(2016)" title="Battle of al-Qaryatayn (2016)">Al-Qaryatayn (Mar–Apr)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palmyra_offensive_(March_2016)" title="Palmyra offensive (March 2016)">Palmyra (Mar)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_Aleppo_offensive_(March%E2%80%93June_2016)" title="Northern Aleppo offensive (March–June 2016)">N Aleppo (Mar–Jun)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Hit_(2016)" title="Battle of Hit (2016)">Hīt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Tipo-Tipo" title="Battle of Tipo-Tipo">Tipo-Tipo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Sirte_(2016)" title="Battle of Sirte (2016)">Sirte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Ar-Rutbah_(2016)" title="Battle of Ar-Rutbah (2016)">Ar-Rutbah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_Raqqa_offensive" title="Northern Raqqa offensive">N Raqqa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Third_Battle_of_Fallujah" title="Third Battle of Fallujah">Fallujah (May–Jun)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manbij_offensive" title="Manbij offensive">Manbij</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ithriyah-Raqqa_offensive_(June_2016)" title="Ithriyah-Raqqa offensive (June 2016)">Ithriyah-Raqqa (Jun)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2016_Abu_Kamal_offensive" title="2016 Abu Kamal offensive">Abu Kamal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_al-Rai_(August_2016)" title="Battle of al-Rai (August 2016)">al-Rai (Aug)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_al-Bab_offensive_(September_2016)" title="Northern al-Bab offensive (September 2016)">N al-Bab (Sep)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_al-Bab_offensive_(September_2016)" title="Western al-Bab offensive (September 2016)">W al-Bab (Sep)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2016_Dabiq_offensive" title="2016 Dabiq offensive">Dabiq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_al-Bab_offensive_(October%E2%80%93November_2016)" title="Western al-Bab offensive (October–November 2016)">W al-Bab (Oct–Nov)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_al-Bab" title="Battle of al-Bab">Al-Bab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aleppo_offensive_(November%E2%80%93December_2016)" title="Aleppo offensive (November–December 2016)">Aleppo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palmyra_offensive_(December_2016)" title="Palmyra offensive (December 2016)">Palmyra</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2017</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Mosul_(2016%E2%80%932017)" title="Battle of Mosul (2016–2017)">Mosul (16–17)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raqqa_campaign_(2016%E2%80%932017)" title="Raqqa campaign (2016–2017)">Raqqa (16–17)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palmyra_offensive_(2017)" title="Palmyra offensive (2017)">Palmyra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deir_ez-Zor_offensive_(January%E2%80%93February_2017)" title="Deir ez-Zor offensive (January–February 2017)">Deir ez-Zor (Jan–Feb)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Aleppo_offensive_(2017)" title="East Aleppo offensive (2017)">E Aleppo (Jan–Apr)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Homs_offensive_(2017)" title="Eastern Homs offensive (2017)">E Homs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hama_offensive_(March%E2%80%93April_2017)" title="Hama offensive (March–April 2017)">Hama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2017_Western_Nineveh_offensive" class="mw-redirect" title="2017 Western Nineveh offensive">W Nineveh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Tabqa" title="Battle of Tabqa">Tabqa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syrian_Desert_campaign_(December_2016%E2%80%93April_2017)" title="Syrian Desert campaign (December 2016–April 2017)">Syrian Desert (Dec 16–Apr 17)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syrian_Desert_campaign_(May%E2%80%93July_2017)" title="Syrian Desert campaign (May–July 2017)">Syrian Desert (May–Jul)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maskanah_Plains_offensive" title="Maskanah Plains offensive">Maskanah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Marawi" title="Siege of Marawi">Marawi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Raqqa_(2017)" title="Battle of Raqqa (2017)">Raqqa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2017_Southern_Raqqa_offensive" title="2017 Southern Raqqa offensive">S Raqqa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_Syria_campaign" title="Central Syria campaign">C Syria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Tal_Afar_(2017)" title="Battle of Tal Afar (2017)">Tal Afar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deir_ez-Zor_campaign_(2017%E2%80%932019)" title="Deir ez-Zor campaign (2017–2019)">Deir ez-Zor (17–19)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Hawija" title="Battle of Hawija">Hawija</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Syria_campaign_(September%E2%80%93December_2017)" class="mw-redirect" title="Eastern Syria campaign (September–December 2017)">E Syria (Sep–Dec)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northwestern_Syria_campaign_(October_2017%E2%80%93February_2018)" title="Northwestern Syria campaign (October 2017–February 2018)">NW Syria (Oct 17–Feb 18)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2017_Abu_Kamal_offensive" title="2017 Abu Kamal offensive">Abu Kamal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2017_Western_Iraq_campaign" title="2017 Western Iraq campaign">W Iraq</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2018</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/As-Suwayda_offensive_(June_2018)" title="As-Suwayda offensive (June 2018)">As-Suwayda (Jun)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2018_Southern_Syria_offensive" title="2018 Southern Syria offensive">S Syria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/As-Suwayda_offensive_(August%E2%80%93November_2018)" title="As-Suwayda offensive (August–November 2018)">As-Suwayda (Aug–Nov)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2019</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Deir_ez-Zor_campaign_(2017%E2%80%932019)#Battle_of_Hajin" title="Deir ez-Zor campaign (2017–2019)">Hajin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Baghuz_Fawqani" title="Battle of Baghuz Fawqani">Baghuz Fawqani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Death_of_Abu_Bakr_al-Baghdadi" title="Death of Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi">Barisha raid</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2020</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Chinagodrar" title="Battle of Chinagodrar">Chinagodrar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Danag" title="Battle of Danag">Danag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moc%C3%ADmboa_da_Praia_offensive" title="Mocímboa da Praia offensive">Mocímboa da Praia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al_Bayda_offensive" title="Al Bayda offensive">Al Bayda</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2021</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Tessit_(2021)" title="Battle of Tessit (2021)">Tessit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Palma" title="Battle of Palma">Palma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Sambisa_Forest_(2021)" title="Battle of Sambisa Forest (2021)">Sambisa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Adnan_Abu_Walid_al-Sahrawi" title="Killing of Adnan Abu Walid al-Sahrawi">Dangarous</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2022</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_al-Hasakah_(2022)" title="Battle of al-Hasakah (2022)">Al-Hasakah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abu_Ibrahim_al-Hashimi_al-Qurashi#Death" title="Abu Ibrahim al-Hashimi al-Qurashi">Atme raid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_And%C3%A9ramboukane_(2022)" title="Battle of Andéramboukane (2022)">Andéramboukane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Talataye_(2022)" title="Battle of Talataye (2022)">Talataye</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2023</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Falagountou" title="Battle of Falagountou">Falagountou</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_terrorist_incidents_linked_to_the_Islamic_State" title="List of terrorist incidents linked to the Islamic State">Attacks</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2014</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_Museum_of_Belgium_shooting" title="Jewish Museum of Belgium shooting">Jewish Museum of Belgium shooting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Camp_Speicher_massacre" title="Camp Speicher massacre">Camp Speicher massacre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2014_Saint-Jean-sur-Richelieu_ramming_attack" title="2014 Saint-Jean-sur-Richelieu ramming attack">Saint-Jean-sur-Richelieu ramming</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2015</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hypercacher_kosher_supermarket_siege" title="Hypercacher kosher supermarket siege">Hypercacher kosher supermarket siege</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2015_kidnapping_and_beheading_of_Copts_in_Libya" title="2015 kidnapping and beheading of Copts in Libya">Beheading of Copts in Libya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2015_Corinthia_Hotel_attack" title="2015 Corinthia Hotel attack">Corinthia Hotel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al_Qubbah_bombings" title="Al Qubbah bombings">Al Qubbah bombings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bardo_National_Museum_attack" title="Bardo National Museum attack">Bardo National Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_2015_Sanaa_mosque_bombings" title="March 2015 Sanaa mosque bombings">Sanaa bombings (Mar)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2015_Jalalabad_suicide_bombing" title="2015 Jalalabad suicide bombing">Jalalabad bombing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Curtis_Culwell_Center_attack" title="Curtis Culwell Center attack">Curtis Culwell Center</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qatif_and_Dammam_mosque_bombings" title="Qatif and Dammam mosque bombings">Qatif & Dammam bombings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/26_June_2015_Islamist_attacks" title="26 June 2015 Islamist attacks">26 June</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Koban%C3%AE_massacre" title="Kobanî massacre">Kobanî massacre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Quentin-Fallavier_attack" title="Saint-Quentin-Fallavier attack">Saint-Quentin-Fallavier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2015_Kuwait_mosque_bombing" title="2015 Kuwait mosque bombing">Kuwait mosque bombing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2015_Sousse_attacks" title="2015 Sousse attacks">Sousse</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2015_Khan_Bani_Saad_bombing" title="2015 Khan Bani Saad bombing">Khan Bani Saad bombing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suru%C3%A7_bombing" title="Suruç bombing">Suruç bombing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_2015_Baghdad_bombing" class="mw-redirect" title="August 2015 Baghdad bombing">Baghdad bombing (Aug)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_2015_Sanaa_mosque_bombing" title="September 2015 Sanaa mosque bombing">Sanaa bombing (Sep)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2015_Ankara_bombings" title="2015 Ankara bombings">Ankara bombings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2015_Saihat_shooting" title="2015 Saihat shooting">Saihat shooting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metrojet_Flight_9268" title="Metrojet Flight 9268">Metrojet Flight 9268</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2015_Beirut_bombings" title="2015 Beirut bombings">Beirut bombings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_2015_Paris_attacks" title="November 2015 Paris attacks">Paris (Nov)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2015_Tunis_bombing" title="2015 Tunis bombing">Tunis bombing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2015_San_Bernardino_attack" title="2015 San Bernardino attack">San Bernardino attack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2015_Qamishli_bombings" title="2015 Qamishli bombings">Qamishli bombings</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2016</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Zliten_truck_bombing" title="Zliten truck bombing">Zliten truck bombing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2016_Hurghada_attack" title="2016 Hurghada attack">Hurghada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_2016_Istanbul_bombing" title="January 2016 Istanbul bombing">Istanbul bombing (Jan)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2016_Jakarta_attacks" title="2016 Jakarta attacks">Jakarta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2016_Ramadi_bombing" title="2016 Ramadi bombing">Ramadi bombing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahasin_mosque_attack" title="Mahasin mosque attack">Mahasin mosque</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_2016_Sayyidah_Zaynab_attack" class="mw-redirect" title="January 2016 Sayyidah Zaynab attack">Sayyidah Zaynab (Jan)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2016_Mosul_massacre" title="2016 Mosul massacre">Mosul massacre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_2016_Homs_bombings" title="February 2016 Homs bombings">Homs bombings (Feb)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_2016_Sayyidah_Zaynab_bombings" class="mw-redirect" title="February 2016 Sayyidah Zaynab bombings">Sayyidah Zaynab bombings (Feb)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_2016_Baghdad_bombings" class="mw-redirect" title="February 2016 Baghdad bombings">Baghdad bombings (Feb)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_2016_Istanbul_bombing" title="March 2016 Istanbul bombing">Istanbul bombing (Mar)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2016_Brussels_bombings" title="2016 Brussels bombings">Brussels bombings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2016_Aden_car_bombing" title="2016 Aden car bombing">Aden bombing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iskandariya_suicide_bombing" title="Iskandariya suicide bombing">Iskandariya bombing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_2016_Baghdad_bombing" class="mw-redirect" title="April 2016 Baghdad bombing">Baghdad bombing (Apr)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2016_Samawa_bombing" title="2016 Samawa bombing">Samawa bombing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_2016_Gaziantep_bombing" title="May 2016 Gaziantep bombing">Gaziantep bombing (May)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/11_May_2016_Baghdad_bombings" title="11 May 2016 Baghdad bombings">Baghdad bombings (11 May)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Real_Madrid_fan_club_massacres" title="Real Madrid fan club massacres">Real Madrid fan club massacres</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2016_Taji_gas_plant_attack" title="2016 Taji gas plant attack">Baghdad gas plant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_2016_Yemen_police_bombings" title="May 2016 Yemen police bombings">Yemen police bombings (15 May)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_2016_Baghdad_bombings" class="mw-redirect" title="May 2016 Baghdad bombings">Baghdad bombings (17 May)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_2016_Jableh_and_Tartous_bombings" class="mw-redirect" title="May 2016 Jableh and Tartous bombings">Jableh & Tartous bombings (May)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/23_May_2016_Yemen_bombings" title="23 May 2016 Yemen bombings">Yemen bombings (23 May)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2016_Aktobe_shootings" title="2016 Aktobe shootings">Aktobe shootings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting" title="Pulse nightclub shooting">Pulse nightclub shooting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2016_Magnanville_stabbing" title="2016 Magnanville stabbing">Magnanville stabbing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_2016_Mukalla_attacks" title="June 2016 Mukalla attacks">Mukalla (Jun)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2016_Movida_Bar_grenade_attack" title="2016 Movida Bar grenade attack">Movida Bar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2016_Atat%C3%BCrk_Airport_attack" title="2016 Atatürk Airport attack">Atatürk Airport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_2016_Dhaka_attack" title="July 2016 Dhaka attack">Dhaka (Jul)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2016_Karrada_bombing" title="2016 Karrada bombing">Karrada bombing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muhammad_ibn_Ali_al-Hadi_Mausoleum_attack" title="Muhammad ibn Ali al-Hadi Mausoleum attack">Muhammad ibn Ali al-Hadi Mausoleum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2016_Nice_truck_attack" title="2016 Nice truck attack">Nice truck</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/W%C3%BCrzburg_train_attack" title="Würzburg train attack">Würzburg train</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_2016_Kabul_bombing" title="July 2016 Kabul bombing">Kabul bombing (Jul)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2016_Ansbach_bombing" title="2016 Ansbach bombing">Ansbach bombing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2016_Normandy_church_attack" title="2016 Normandy church attack">Normandy church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_2016_Qamishli_bombings" title="July 2016 Qamishli bombings">Qamishli bombings (Jul)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2016_stabbing_of_Charleroi_police_officers" title="2016 stabbing of Charleroi police officers">Charleroi stabbing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shchelkovo_Highway_police_station_attack" title="Shchelkovo Highway police station attack">Shchelkovo Highway police station</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_2016_Aden_bombing" title="August 2016 Aden bombing">Aden bombing (Aug)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/5_September_2016_Syria_bombings" title="5 September 2016 Syria bombings">Syria bombings (5 Sep)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/9_September_2016_Baghdad_bombings" title="9 September 2016 Baghdad bombings">Baghdad bombings (9 Sep)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_2016_Baghdad_attacks" title="October 2016 Baghdad attacks">Baghdad bombings (Oct)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2016_Quetta_police_training_college_attack" title="2016 Quetta police training college attack">Quetta police college</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hamam_al-Alil_massacre" title="Hamam al-Alil massacre">Hamam al-Alil massacre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2016_Khuzdar_bombing" title="2016 Khuzdar bombing">Khuzdar bombing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2016_Samarinda_church_bombing" title="2016 Samarinda church bombing">Samarinda bombing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_2016_Hillah_suicide_truck_bombing" title="November 2016 Hillah suicide truck bombing">Hillah bombing (Nov)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_2016_Aden_suicide_bombings" title="December 2016 Aden suicide bombings">Aden bombings (Dec)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Botroseya_Church_bombing" title="Botroseya Church bombing">Botroseya bombing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2016_Al-Karak_attack" title="2016 Al-Karak attack">Al-Karak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2016_Berlin_truck_attack" title="2016 Berlin truck attack">Berlin truck</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Murders_of_Sefter_Ta%C5%9F_and_Fethi_%C5%9Eahin" title="Murders of Sefter Taş and Fethi Şahin">Murders of Sefter Taş and Fethi Şahin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_2016_Baghdad_bombings" class="mw-redirect" title="December 2016 Baghdad bombings">Baghdad bombings (Dec)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2017</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Istanbul_nightclub_shooting" title="Istanbul nightclub shooting">Istanbul nightclub shooting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_2,_2017_Baghdad_bombings" class="mw-redirect" title="January 2, 2017 Baghdad bombings">Baghdad bombings (2 Jan)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_2017_Azaz_bombing" title="January 2017 Azaz bombing">Azaz bombing (Jan)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sehwan_suicide_bombing" title="Sehwan suicide bombing">Sehwan bombing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_2017_Kabul_attack" class="mw-redirect" title="March 2017 Kabul attack">Kabul (Mar)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2017_Westminster_attack" title="2017 Westminster attack">Westminster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2017_Saint_Petersburg_Metro_bombing" title="2017 Saint Petersburg Metro bombing">St Petersburg Metro bombing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palm_Sunday_church_bombings" title="Palm Sunday church bombings">Egypt church bombings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2017_Mastung_suicide_bombing" title="2017 Mastung suicide bombing">Mastung bombing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manchester_Arena_bombing" title="Manchester Arena bombing">Manchester Arena bombing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2017_Jakarta_bombings" title="2017 Jakarta bombings">Jakarta bombings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2017_Minya_bus_attack" title="2017 Minya bus attack">Minya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Faqma_ice_cream_parlor_bombing" title="Al-Faqma ice cream parlor bombing">Al-Faqma bombing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2017_London_Bridge_attack" title="2017 London Bridge attack">London Bridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2017_Brighton_siege" title="2017 Brighton siege">Brighton siege</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2017_Tehran_attacks" title="2017 Tehran attacks">Tehran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_2017_Pakistan_attacks" title="June 2017 Pakistan attacks">Pakistan attacks (Jun)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2017_Hurghada_attack" title="2017 Hurghada attack">Hurghada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_2017_Quetta_suicide_bombing" title="August 2017 Quetta suicide bombing">Quetta bombing (Aug)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2017_Barcelona_attacks" title="2017 Barcelona attacks">Barcelona</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_2017_Brussels_attack" class="mw-redirect" title="August 2017 Brussels attack">Brussels (Aug)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2017_Nasiriyah_attacks" title="2017 Nasiriyah attacks">Nasiriyah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/20_October_2017_Afghanistan_attacks" title="20 October 2017 Afghanistan attacks">Afghanistan (20 Oct)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2017_New_York_City_truck_attack" title="2017 New York City truck attack">New York City truck</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2017_Sinai_mosque_attack" title="2017 Sinai mosque attack">Sinai mosque</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/28_December_2017_Kabul_suicide_bombing" title="28 December 2017 Kabul suicide bombing">Kabul bombing (28 Dec)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Attack_on_Saint_Menas_church" title="Attack on Saint Menas church">Saint Menas church</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2018</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2018_Baghdad_bombings" title="2018 Baghdad bombings">Baghdad bombings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Save_the_Children_Jalalabad_attack" title="Save the Children Jalalabad attack">Save The Children Jalalabad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kizlyar_church_shooting" title="Kizlyar church shooting">Kizlyar church shooting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_2018_Kabul_suicide_bombing" title="March 2018 Kabul suicide bombing">Kabul bombing (Mar)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carcassonne_and_Tr%C3%A8bes_attack" title="Carcassonne and Trèbes attack">Carcasonne & Trèbes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/22_April_2018_Kabul_suicide_bombing" title="22 April 2018 Kabul suicide bombing">Kabul bombing (22 Apr)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/30_April_2018_Kabul_suicide_bombings" title="30 April 2018 Kabul suicide bombings">Kabul bombings (30 Apr)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2018_attack_on_the_High_National_Elections_Commission_in_Tripoli,_Libya" title="2018 attack on the High National Elections Commission in Tripoli, Libya">Tripoli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2018_Mako_Brimob_standoff" title="2018 Mako Brimob standoff">Mako Brimob standoff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2018_Paris_knife_attack" title="2018 Paris knife attack">Paris knife</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Surabaya_bombings" title="Surabaya bombings">Surabaya bombings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2018_Li%C3%A8ge_attack" title="2018 Liège attack">Liège</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_2018_Jalalabad_suicide_bombing" title="July 2018 Jalalabad suicide bombing">Jalalabad bombing (Jul)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2018_Mastung_and_Bannu_bombings" title="2018 Mastung and Bannu bombings">Mastung & Bannu bombings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2018_Quetta_suicide_bombing" title="2018 Quetta suicide bombing">Quetta bombing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2018_As-Suwayda_attacks" title="2018 As-Suwayda attacks">As-Suwayda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2018_Tajikistan_tourist_attack" title="2018 Tajikistan tourist attack">Tajikistan attack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_2018_Kabul_attacks" title="September 2018 Kabul attacks">Kabul (Sep)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahvaz_military_parade_attack" title="Ahvaz military parade attack">Ahvaz military parade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2018_Minya_bus_attack" title="2018 Minya bus attack">Minya bus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2018_Melbourne_stabbing_attack" title="2018 Melbourne stabbing attack">Melbourne stabbing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Murders_of_Louisa_Vesterager_Jespersen_and_Maren_Ueland" title="Murders of Louisa Vesterager Jespersen and Maren Ueland">Murders of Louisa Vesterager Jespersen and Maren Ueland</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2019</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2019_Jolo_Cathedral_bombings" title="2019 Jolo Cathedral bombings">Jolo Cathedral bombings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2019_Sri_Lanka_Easter_bombings" title="2019 Sri Lanka Easter bombings">Sri Lanka Easter bombings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sainthamaruthu_shootout" title="Sainthamaruthu shootout">Sainthamaruthu shootout</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/17_August_2019_Kabul_bombing" title="17 August 2019 Kabul bombing">Kabul bombing (17 Aug)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2020</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/6_March_2020_Kabul_shooting" title="6 March 2020 Kabul shooting">Kabul shooting (6 Mar)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kabul_gurdwara_attack" title="Kabul gurdwara attack">Kabul gurdwara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xitaxi_massacre" title="Xitaxi massacre">Xitaxi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_2020_Afghanistan_attacks" title="May 2020 Afghanistan attacks">Afghanistan (May)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jalalabad_prison_attack" class="mw-redirect" title="Jalalabad prison attack">Jalalabad prison</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2020_Jolo_bombings" title="2020 Jolo bombings">Jolo bombings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2020_Kabul_University_attack" title="2020 Kabul University attack">Kabul University</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2020_Vienna_attack" title="2020 Vienna attack">Vienna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_2020_Afghanistan_attacks" title="December 2020 Afghanistan attacks">Afghanistan (Dec)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2021</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2021_Machh_attack" title="2021 Machh attack">Machh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_2021_Baghdad_bombings" title="January 2021 Baghdad bombings">January Baghdad bombings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2021_Kabul_school_bombing" title="2021 Kabul school bombing">Kabul school bombing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2021_Kabul_airport_attack" title="2021 Kabul airport attack">Kabul airport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2021_Kunduz_mosque_bombing" title="2021 Kunduz mosque bombing">Kunduz bombing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2021_Kandahar_bombing" title="2021 Kandahar bombing">Kandahar bombing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2021_Uganda_bombings" title="2021 Uganda bombings">Kampala bombings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2021_Kabul_hospital_attack" title="2021 Kabul hospital attack">Kabul hospital</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2022</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2022_Diyala_massacre" title="2022 Diyala massacre">Diyala massacre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2022_Peshawar_mosque_attack" title="2022 Peshawar mosque attack">Peshawar mosque</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2022_Hadera_shooting" title="2022 Hadera shooting">Hadera shooting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2022_Mazar-i-Sharif_mosque_bombing" title="2022 Mazar-i-Sharif mosque bombing">Mazar-i-Sharif mosque bombing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2022_Mazar-i-Sharif_minivan_bombings" title="2022 Mazar-i-Sharif minivan bombings">Mazar-i-Sharif minivan bombings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bourasso_and_Namissiguima_massacres" title="Bourasso and Namissiguima massacres">Bourasso and Namissiguima</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kuje_prison_break" title="Kuje prison break">Kuje prison break</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/5_August_2022_Kabul_bombing" title="5 August 2022 Kabul bombing">5 August Kabul bombing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_2022_Kabul_mosque_bombing" title="August 2022 Kabul mosque bombing">August Kabul mosque bombing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bombing_of_the_Russian_embassy_in_Kabul" title="Bombing of the Russian embassy in Kabul">Bombing of the Russian embassy in Kabul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2022_Shah_Cheragh_attack" title="2022 Shah Cheragh attack">Shah Cheragh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2022_Kabul_hotel_attack" title="2022 Kabul hotel attack">Kabul hotel</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2023</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2023_Kabul_airport_bombing" title="2023 Kabul airport bombing">Kabul airport bombing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Foreign_Affairs_of_Afghanistan_bombing" title="Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Afghanistan bombing">Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Afghanistan bombing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2023_Al-Sukhnah_attack" title="2023 Al-Sukhnah attack">Al-Sukhnah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2023_Hama_attack" class="mw-redirect" title="2023 Hama attack">Hama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2023_Khar_bombing" title="2023 Khar bombing">Khar bombing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arras_school_stabbing" class="mw-redirect" title="Arras school stabbing">Arras school stabbing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2023_Pul-i-Khumri_bombing" title="2023 Pul-i-Khumri bombing">Pul-i-Khumri bombing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2023_Brussels_shooting" title="2023 Brussels shooting">Brussels shooting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_2023_Kabul_bombing" title="November 2023 Kabul bombing">Kabul bombing (Nov)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2023_Paris_attack" title="2023 Paris attack">Paris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mindanao_State_University_bombing" title="Mindanao State University bombing">Mindanao State University bombing</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2024</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kerman_bombings" class="mw-redirect" title="Kerman bombings">Kerman bombings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2024_Istanbul_church_shooting" title="2024 Istanbul church shooting">Istanbul church shooting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2024_Balochistan_bombings" title="2024 Balochistan bombings">Balochistan bombings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2024_Sibi_bombing" title="2024 Sibi bombing">Sibi bombing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mucojo_attack" class="mw-redirect" title="Mucojo attack">Mucojo attack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2024_Karabulak_clash" title="2024 Karabulak clash">Karabulak clash</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2024_Kandahar_New_Kabul_Bank_bombing" title="2024 Kandahar New Kabul Bank bombing">Kandahar New Kabul Bank bombing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2024_Tillab%C3%A9ri_attack" class="mw-redirect" title="2024 Tillabéri attack">Tillabéri attack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crocus_City_Hall_attack" title="Crocus City Hall attack">Crocus City Hall attack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2024_Guzara_Attack" title="2024 Guzara Attack">2024 Guzara Attack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2024_Bamyan_shooting" title="2024 Bamyan shooting">2024 Bamyan shooting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2024_Beirut_US_embassy_shooting" title="2024 Beirut US embassy shooting">2024 Beirut US embassy shooting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rostov-on-Don_pre-trial_detention_center_hostage_crisis" title="Rostov-on-Don pre-trial detention center hostage crisis">Rostov-on-Don pre-trial detention center hostage crisis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2024_Dagestan_attacks" title="2024 Dagestan attacks">2024 Dagestan attacks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2024_attack_on_the_Israeli_embassy_in_Belgrade" title="2024 attack on the Israeli embassy in Belgrade">2024 attack on the Israeli embassy in Belgrade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2024_Muscat_mosque_shooting" title="2024 Muscat mosque shooting">2024 Muscat mosque shooting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2024_Kabul_bus_bombing" title="2024 Kabul bus bombing">2024 Kabul bus bombing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Surovikino_penal_colony_hostage_crisis" title="Surovikino penal colony hostage crisis">Surovikino penal colony hostage crisis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2024_Solingen_stabbing" title="2024 Solingen stabbing">2024 Solingen stabbing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2024_Qala_Bakhtiar_bombing" title="2024 Qala Bakhtiar bombing">2024 Qala Bakhtiar bombing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2024_Afghanistan_bus_shooting" title="2024 Afghanistan bus shooting">2024 Afghanistan bus shooting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2024_Qusar_attack" title="2024 Qusar attack">2024 Qusar attack</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Politics and organization</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Finances_of_the_Islamic_State" title="Finances of the Islamic State">Finances</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ideology_of_the_Islamic_State" title="Ideology of the Islamic State">Ideology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_State_Health_Service" title="Islamic State Health Service">Medicare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_of_the_Islamic_State" title="Military of the Islamic State">Military</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Armoured_warfare_of_the_Islamic_State" title="Armoured warfare of the Islamic State">Armoured warfare</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_rights_in_Islamic_State-controlled_territory" title="Human rights in Islamic State-controlled territory">Human rights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Genocide_of_Christians_by_the_Islamic_State" class="mw-redirect" title="Genocide of Christians by the Islamic State">Genocide of Christians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persecution_of_Shias_by_the_Islamic_State" title="Persecution of Shias by the Islamic State">Persecution of Shias</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Genocide_of_Yazidis_by_the_Islamic_State" class="mw-redirect" title="Genocide of Yazidis by the Islamic State">Genocide of Yazidis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iraqi_Turkmen_genocide" title="Iraqi Turkmen genocide">Genocide of Turkmen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persecution_of_gay_and_bisexual_men_by_the_Islamic_State" title="Persecution of gay and bisexual men by the Islamic State">Persecution of gay and bisexual men</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_captives_by_the_Islamic_State" title="Killing of captives by the Islamic State">Killing of captives</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_State_beheading_incidents" class="mw-redirect" title="Islamic State beheading incidents">Beheading incidents</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Destruction_of_cultural_heritage_by_the_Islamic_State" title="Destruction of cultural heritage by the Islamic State">Destruction of cultural heritage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISIS_occupation_of_Mosul" class="mw-redirect" title="ISIS occupation of Mosul">Occupation of Mosul</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mass_executions_in_ISIL-occupied_Mosul" class="mw-redirect" title="Mass executions in ISIL-occupied Mosul">Executions in Mosul</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Relations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Iran_and_the_Islamic_State" title="Iran and the Islamic State">Iran and the Islamic State</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philippines_and_the_Islamic_State" title="Philippines and the Islamic State">Philippines and the Islamic State</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom_and_the_Islamic_State" title="United Kingdom and the Islamic State">United Kingdom and the Islamic State</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trinidad_and_Tobago_and_the_Islamic_State" title="Trinidad and Tobago and the Islamic State">Trinidad and Tobago and the Islamic State</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_fighters_in_the_Syrian_Civil_War_and_War_in_Iraq" class="mw-redirect" title="Foreign fighters in the Syrian Civil War and War in Iraq">Foreign fighters</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Name_changes_due_to_the_Islamic_State" title="Name changes due to the Islamic State">Name changes due to the Islamic State</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portrayal_of_the_Islamic_State_in_American_media" title="Portrayal of the Islamic State in American media">Portrayal of the Islamic State in American media</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saddam_Hussein_and_al-Qaeda_link_allegations" title="Saddam Hussein and al-Qaeda link allegations">Connection with Saddam Regime and Baath Party</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Society</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Islamic_State_members" title="List of Islamic State members">Members</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Brussels_Islamic_State_terror_cell" title="Brussels Islamic State terror cell">Terrorist cell in Brussels</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Territory_of_the_Islamic_State" title="Territory of the Islamic State">Territorial claims</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Al-Barakah_(Islamic_State_administrative_district)" title="Al-Barakah (Islamic State administrative district)">al-Barakah district</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Collaboration_with_the_Islamic_State" title="Collaboration with the Islamic State">Collaboration</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Media</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/A_Second_Message_to_America" title="A Second Message to America">A Second Message to America</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Bayan_(radio_station)" title="Al-Bayan (radio station)">Al-Bayan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Furat_Media_Center" title="Al-Furat Media Center">Al-Furat Media Center</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Hayat_Media_Center" title="Al-Hayat Media Center">Al-Hayat Media Center</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Naba" title="Al-Naba">Al-Naba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amaq_News_Agency" title="Amaq News Agency">Amaq News Agency</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dar_al-Islam_(magazine)" title="Dar al-Islam (magazine)">Dar al-Islam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dabiq_(magazine)" title="Dabiq (magazine)">Dabiq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dawlat_al-Islam_Qamat" class="mw-redirect" title="Dawlat al-Islam Qamat">Dawlat al-Islam Qamat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huroof" title="Huroof">Huroof</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/I%27lam_foundation" class="mw-redirect" title="I'lam foundation">I'lam foundation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Istok_(magazine)" title="Istok (magazine)">Istok</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Konstantiniyye_(magazine)" title="Konstantiniyye (magazine)">Konstantiniyye</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rumiyah_(magazine)" title="Rumiyah (magazine)">Rumiyah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Fatihin_Magazine" title="Al-Fatihin Magazine">Al-Fatihin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salil_al-Sawarim" title="Salil al-Sawarim">Salil al-Sawarim</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Defeating_ISIS" title="Defeating ISIS">Defeating ISIS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISIS-chan" title="ISIS-chan">ISIS-chan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamism" title="Islamism">Islamism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Millenarianism" title="Millenarianism">Millenarianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sexual_violence_in_the_Iraqi_insurgency" title="Sexual violence in the Iraqi insurgency">Sexual violence in the Iraqi insurgency</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shia%E2%80%93Sunni_relations" title="Shia–Sunni relations">Shia–Sunni relations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slavery_in_21st-century_jihadism" title="Slavery in 21st-century jihadism">Slavery in 21st-century jihadism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theocracy" title="Theocracy">Theocracy</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=Iran&#124;link=Iran_Iran–Saudi_Arabia_relations_23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=Saudi_Arabia&#124;link=Saudi_Arabia" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Iran%E2%80%93Saudi_Arabia_relations" title="Template:Iran–Saudi Arabia relations"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Iran%E2%80%93Saudi_Arabia_relations" title="Template talk:Iran–Saudi Arabia relations"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Iran%E2%80%93Saudi_Arabia_relations" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Iran–Saudi Arabia relations"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=Iran&#124;link=Iran_Iran–Saudi_Arabia_relations_23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=Saudi_Arabia&#124;link=Saudi_Arabia" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Iran" title="Iran"><img alt="Iran" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Flag_of_Iran.svg/23px-Flag_of_Iran.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Flag_of_Iran.svg/35px-Flag_of_Iran.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Flag_of_Iran.svg/46px-Flag_of_Iran.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="630" data-file-height="360" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Iran%E2%80%93Saudi_Arabia_relations" title="Iran–Saudi Arabia relations">Iran–Saudi Arabia relations</a> <a href="/wiki/Saudi_Arabia" title="Saudi Arabia"><img alt="Saudi Arabia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Flag_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Flag_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Flag_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;">Diplomatic posts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_ambassadors_of_Iran_to_Saudi_Arabia" title="List of ambassadors of Iran to Saudi Arabia">Ambassadors of Iran to Saudi Arabia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Embassy_of_Saudi_Arabia,_Tehran" title="Embassy of Saudi Arabia, Tehran">Embassy of Saudi Arabia, Tehran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_ambassadors_of_Saudi_Arabia_to_Iran" title="List of ambassadors of Saudi Arabia to Iran">Ambassadors of Saudi Arabia to Iran</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;">Diplomacy</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Safari_Club" title="Safari Club">Safari Club</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Iran%E2%80%93Saudi_Arabia_proxy_conflict" title="Iran–Saudi Arabia proxy conflict">Conflicts</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Iranian_revolution" title="Iranian revolution">Iranian revolution</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1979_Khuzestan_insurgency" title="1979 Khuzestan insurgency">1979 Khuzestan insurgency</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arab_separatism_in_Khuzestan" title="Arab separatism in Khuzestan">Arab separatism in Khuzestan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qatif_conflict" title="Qatif conflict">Qatif conflict</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1979_Qatif_Uprising" title="1979 Qatif Uprising">1979 Qatif Uprising</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iran%E2%80%93Iraq_War" title="Iran–Iraq War">Iran–Iraq War</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Action_of_June_5,_1984" title="Action of June 5, 1984">Action of June 5, 1984</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qatar%E2%80%93Saudi_Arabia_diplomatic_conflict" title="Qatar–Saudi Arabia diplomatic conflict">Qatar–Saudi Arabia diplomatic conflict</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Qatar_diplomatic_crisis" title="Qatar diplomatic crisis">Qatar diplomatic crisis</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2011_Egyptian_revolution" title="2011 Egyptian revolution">2011 Egyptian revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2011_Bahraini_uprising" title="2011 Bahraini uprising">2011 Bahraini uprising</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Saudi-led_intervention_in_Bahrain" title="Saudi-led intervention in Bahrain">Saudi-led intervention in Bahrain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Insurgency_in_Bahrain" title="Insurgency in Bahrain">insurgency in Bahrain</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Libyan_civil_war_(2011)" title="Libyan civil war (2011)">2011 Libyan civil war</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syrian_civil_war" title="Syrian civil war">Syrian civil war</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hezbollah_involvement_in_the_Syrian_civil_war" title="Hezbollah involvement in the Syrian civil war">Hezbollah involvement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iranian_intervention_in_the_Syrian_civil_war" title="Iranian intervention in the Syrian civil war">Iranian involvement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saudi_involvement_in_the_Syrian_civil_war" title="Saudi involvement in the Syrian civil war">Saudi involvement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syrian_civil_war_spillover_in_Lebanon" title="Syrian civil war spillover in Lebanon">Spillover in Lebanon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Axis_of_Resistance" title="Axis of Resistance">Axis of Resistance</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iranian_intervention_in_Iraq_(2014%E2%80%93present)" title="Iranian intervention in Iraq (2014–present)">Iranian intervention in Iraq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yemeni_crisis" title="Yemeni crisis">Yemeni crisis</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Houthi_insurgency" title="Houthi insurgency">Houthi insurgency</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Scorched_Earth" title="Operation Scorched Earth">Operation Scorched Earth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Blow_to_the_Head" title="Operation Blow to the Head">Operation Blow to the Head</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yemeni_revolution" title="Yemeni revolution">Yemeni revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yemeni_civil_war_(2014%E2%80%93present)" title="Yemeni civil war (2014–present)">Yemeni civil war</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saudi-led_intervention_in_the_Yemeni_civil_war" title="Saudi-led intervention in the Yemeni civil war">Saudi-led intervention in Yemen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Houthi%E2%80%93Saudi_Arabian_conflict" title="Houthi–Saudi Arabian conflict">Houthi–Saudi Arabian conflict</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Houthi_takeover_in_Yemen" title="Houthi takeover in Yemen">Houthi takeover in Yemen</a></li></ul></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Second Libyan civil war</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_Iran_clashes_(2016%E2%80%93present)" title="Western Iran clashes (2016–present)">Western Iran clashes</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;">Incidents</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1987_Mecca_incident" title="1987 Mecca incident">1987 Mecca incident</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khobar_Towers_bombing" title="Khobar Towers bombing">Khobar Towers bombing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2011%E2%80%932012_Saudi_Arabian_protests" title="2011–2012 Saudi Arabian protests">2011–2012 Saudi Arabian protests</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2016_Saudi_Arabia_mass_execution" title="2016 Saudi Arabia mass execution">2016 Saudi Arabia mass execution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Execution_of_Nimr_al-Nimr" title="Execution of Nimr al-Nimr">Execution of Nimr al-Nimr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2016_attack_on_the_Saudi_diplomatic_missions_in_Iran" title="2016 attack on the Saudi diplomatic missions in Iran">2016 attack on the Saudi diplomatic missions in Iran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2019_Saudi_Arabia_mass_execution" title="2019 Saudi Arabia mass execution">2019 Saudi Arabia mass execution</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2011_alleged_Iran_assassination_plot" title="2011 alleged Iran assassination plot">2011 alleged Iran assassination plot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2015_Mina_stampede" title="2015 Mina stampede">2015 Mina stampede</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2017_Lebanon%E2%80%93Saudi_Arabia_dispute" title="2017 Lebanon–Saudi Arabia dispute">2017 Lebanon–Saudi Arabia dispute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2017%E2%80%932020_Qatif_unrest" title="2017–2020 Qatif unrest">2017–2020 Qatif unrest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2018_Riyadh_missile_strike" title="2018 Riyadh missile strike">2018 Riyadh missile strike</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Maritime_Security_Construct" title="International Maritime Security Construct">International Maritime Security Construct</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Security_Council_Resolution_2231" title="United Nations Security Council Resolution 2231">United Nations Security Council Resolution 2231</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_2019_Gulf_of_Oman_incident" title="May 2019 Gulf of Oman incident">May 2019 Gulf of Oman incident</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2019_Afif_attack" title="2019 Afif attack">2019 Afif attack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abha_International_Airport_attacks" class="mw-redirect" title="Abha International Airport attacks">Abha International Airport attacks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abqaiq%E2%80%93Khurais_attack" title="Abqaiq–Khurais attack">Abqaiq–Khurais attack</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;">Iranian relations with <a href="/wiki/Gulf_Cooperation_Council" title="Gulf Cooperation Council">GCC</a> member states</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bahrain%E2%80%93Iran_relations" title="Bahrain–Iran relations">Bahrain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iran%E2%80%93Kuwait_relations" title="Iran–Kuwait relations">Kuwait</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iran%E2%80%93Oman_relations" title="Iran–Oman relations">Oman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iran%E2%80%93Qatar_relations" title="Iran–Qatar relations">Qatar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iran%E2%80%93United_Arab_Emirates_relations" title="Iran–United Arab Emirates relations">United Arab Emirates</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Iran%E2%80%93Saudi_Arabia_football_rivalry" title="Iran–Saudi Arabia football rivalry">Iran–Saudi Arabia football rivalry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iran_and_state-sponsored_terrorism" title="Iran and state-sponsored terrorism">Iran and state-sponsored terrorism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iran%E2%80%93Israel_proxy_conflict" title="Iran–Israel proxy conflict">Iran–Israel proxy conflict</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arab_League%E2%80%93Iran_relations" title="Arab League–Iran relations">Arab League–Iran relations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arab%E2%80%93Israeli_alliance" title="Arab–Israeli alliance">Arab–Israeli alliance</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/February_2019_Warsaw_Conference" title="February 2019 Warsaw Conference">Warsaw Middle East conference</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russia%E2%80%93Syria%E2%80%93Iran%E2%80%93Iraq_coalition" title="Russia–Syria–Iran–Iraq coalition">Russia–Syria–Iran–Iraq coalition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Opposition_to_military_action_against_Iran" class="mw-redirect" title="Opposition to military action against Iran">Opposition to military action against Iran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Organisation_of_Islamic_Cooperation" title="Organisation of Islamic Cooperation">Organisation of Islamic Cooperation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_Military_Counter_Terrorism_Coalition" title="Islamic Military Counter Terrorism Coalition">Islamic Military Counter Terrorism Coalition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gulf_Cooperation_Council" title="Gulf Cooperation Council">Gulf Cooperation Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/People%27s_Mojahedin_Organization_of_Iran" title="People's Mojahedin Organization of Iran">People's Mojahedin Organization of Iran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iran_International" title="Iran International">Iran International</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shia%E2%80%93Sunni_relations" title="Shia–Sunni relations">Shia–Sunni relations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shia_Islam_in_Saudi_Arabia" title="Shia Islam in Saudi Arabia">Shia Islam in Saudi Arabia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /> <a href="/wiki/Category:Iran%E2%80%93Saudi_Arabia_relations" title="Category:Iran–Saudi Arabia relations">Category:Iran–Saudi Arabia relations</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Iran–Saudi_Arabia_proxy_conflict" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Iran%E2%80%93Saudi_Arabia_proxy_conflict" title="Template:Iran–Saudi Arabia proxy conflict"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Iran%E2%80%93Saudi_Arabia_proxy_conflict" title="Template talk:Iran–Saudi Arabia proxy conflict"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Iran%E2%80%93Saudi_Arabia_proxy_conflict" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Iran–Saudi Arabia proxy conflict"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Iran–Saudi_Arabia_proxy_conflict" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Iran%E2%80%93Saudi_Arabia_proxy_conflict" title="Iran–Saudi Arabia proxy conflict">Iran–Saudi Arabia proxy conflict</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Iran%E2%80%93Saudi_Arabia_relations" title="Iran–Saudi Arabia relations">Background</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Iranian_revolution" title="Iranian revolution">Iranian revolution</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1979_Khuzestan_insurgency" title="1979 Khuzestan insurgency">1979 Khuzestan insurgency</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arab_separatism_in_Khuzestan" title="Arab separatism in Khuzestan">Arab separatism in Khuzestan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qatif_conflict" title="Qatif conflict">Qatif conflict</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1979_Qatif_Uprising" title="1979 Qatif Uprising">1979 Qatif Uprising</a></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Conflicts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Iran%E2%80%93Iraq_War" title="Iran–Iraq War">Iran–Iraq War</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Action_of_June_5,_1984" title="Action of June 5, 1984">Action of June 5, 1984</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qatar%E2%80%93Saudi_Arabia_diplomatic_conflict" title="Qatar–Saudi Arabia diplomatic conflict">Qatar–Saudi Arabia diplomatic conflict</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Qatar_diplomatic_crisis" title="Qatar diplomatic crisis">Qatar diplomatic crisis</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2011_Egyptian_revolution" title="2011 Egyptian revolution">2011 Egyptian revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2011_Bahraini_uprising" title="2011 Bahraini uprising">2011 Bahraini uprising</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Saudi-led_intervention_in_Bahrain" title="Saudi-led intervention in Bahrain">Saudi-led intervention in Bahrain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Insurgency_in_Bahrain" title="Insurgency in Bahrain">insurgency in Bahrain</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Libyan_civil_war" class="mw-redirect" title="First Libyan civil war">First Libyan civil war</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syrian_civil_war" title="Syrian civil war">Syrian civil war</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hezbollah_involvement_in_the_Syrian_civil_war" title="Hezbollah involvement in the Syrian civil war">Hezbollah involvement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iranian_involvement_in_the_Syrian_civil_war" class="mw-redirect" title="Iranian involvement in the Syrian civil war">Iranian involvement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saudi_Arabian_involvement_in_the_Syrian_civil_war" class="mw-redirect" title="Saudi Arabian involvement in the Syrian civil war">Saudi involvement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syrian_civil_war_spillover_in_Lebanon" title="Syrian civil war spillover in Lebanon">Spillover in Lebanon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Axis_of_Resistance" title="Axis of Resistance">Axis of Resistance</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/War_in_Iraq_(2013%E2%80%932017)" title="War in Iraq (2013–2017)">War in Iraq (2013–2017)</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Iranian_intervention_in_Iraq_(2014%E2%80%93present)" title="Iranian intervention in Iraq (2014–present)">Iranian intervention in Iraq</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yemeni_crisis" title="Yemeni crisis">Yemeni crisis</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Houthi_insurgency" title="Houthi insurgency">Houthi insurgency</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Scorched_Earth" title="Operation Scorched Earth">Operation Scorched Earth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Blow_to_the_Head" title="Operation Blow to the Head">Operation Blow to the Head</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yemeni_revolution" title="Yemeni revolution">Yemeni revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yemeni_civil_war_(2014%E2%80%93present)" title="Yemeni civil war (2014–present)">Yemeni civil war</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saudi_Arabian%E2%80%93led_intervention_in_Yemen" class="mw-redirect" title="Saudi Arabian–led intervention in Yemen">Saudi-led intervention in Yemen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Houthi%E2%80%93Saudi_Arabian_conflict" title="Houthi–Saudi Arabian conflict">Houthi–Saudi Arabian conflict</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Houthi_takeover_in_Yemen" title="Houthi takeover in Yemen">Houthi takeover in Yemen</a></li></ul></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Second Libyan civil war</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_Iran_clashes_(2016%E2%80%93present)" title="Western Iran clashes (2016–present)">Western Iran clashes</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Incidents</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1987_Mecca_incident" title="1987 Mecca incident">1987 Mecca incident</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khobar_Towers_bombing" title="Khobar Towers bombing">Khobar Towers bombing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2011%E2%80%932012_Saudi_Arabian_protests" title="2011–2012 Saudi Arabian protests">2011–2012 Saudi Arabian protests</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2016_Saudi_Arabia_mass_execution" title="2016 Saudi Arabia mass execution">2016 Saudi Arabia mass execution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Execution_of_Nimr_al-Nimr" title="Execution of Nimr al-Nimr">Execution of Nimr al-Nimr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2016_attack_on_the_Saudi_diplomatic_missions_in_Iran" title="2016 attack on the Saudi diplomatic missions in Iran">2016 attack on the Saudi diplomatic missions in Iran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2019_Saudi_Arabia_mass_execution" title="2019 Saudi Arabia mass execution">2019 Saudi Arabia mass execution</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2011_alleged_Iran_assassination_plot" title="2011 alleged Iran assassination plot">2011 alleged Iran assassination plot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2015_Mina_stampede" title="2015 Mina stampede">2015 Mina stampede</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2017_Lebanon%E2%80%93Saudi_Arabia_dispute" title="2017 Lebanon–Saudi Arabia dispute">2017 Lebanon–Saudi Arabia dispute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2017%E2%80%932020_Qatif_unrest" title="2017–2020 Qatif unrest">2017–2020 Qatif unrest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2018_Riyadh_missile_strike" title="2018 Riyadh missile strike">2018 Riyadh missile strike</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Maritime_Security_Construct" title="International Maritime Security Construct">International Maritime Security Construct</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Security_Council_Resolution_2231" title="United Nations Security Council Resolution 2231">United Nations Security Council Resolution 2231</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_2019_Gulf_of_Oman_incident" title="May 2019 Gulf of Oman incident">May 2019 Gulf of Oman incident</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2019_Afif_attack" title="2019 Afif attack">2019 Afif attack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abha_International_Airport_attacks" class="mw-redirect" title="Abha International Airport attacks">Abha International Airport attacks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abqaiq%E2%80%93Khurais_attack" title="Abqaiq–Khurais attack">Abqaiq–Khurais attack</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Iranian relations with <a href="/wiki/Gulf_Cooperation_Council" title="Gulf Cooperation Council">GCC</a> member states</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bahrain%E2%80%93Iran_relations" title="Bahrain–Iran relations">Bahrain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iran%E2%80%93Kuwait_relations" title="Iran–Kuwait relations">Kuwait</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iran%E2%80%93Oman_relations" title="Iran–Oman relations">Oman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iran%E2%80%93Qatar_relations" title="Iran–Qatar relations">Qatar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iran%E2%80%93United_Arab_Emirates_relations" title="Iran–United Arab Emirates relations">United Arab Emirates</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Iran_and_state-sponsored_terrorism" title="Iran and state-sponsored terrorism">Iran and state-sponsored terrorism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iran%E2%80%93Israel_proxy_conflict" title="Iran–Israel proxy conflict">Iran–Israel proxy conflict</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arab_League%E2%80%93Iran_relations" title="Arab League–Iran relations">Arab League–Iran relations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arab%E2%80%93Israeli_alliance_against_Iran" class="mw-redirect" title="Arab–Israeli alliance against Iran">Arab–Israeli alliance against Iran</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/February_2019_Warsaw_Conference" title="February 2019 Warsaw Conference">Warsaw Middle East conference</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russia%E2%80%93Syria%E2%80%93Iran%E2%80%93Iraq_coalition" title="Russia–Syria–Iran–Iraq coalition">Russia–Syria–Iran–Iraq coalition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Opposition_to_military_action_against_Iran" class="mw-redirect" title="Opposition to military action against Iran">Opposition to military action against Iran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Organisation_of_Islamic_Cooperation" title="Organisation of Islamic Cooperation">Organisation of Islamic Cooperation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_Military_Counter_Terrorism_Coalition" title="Islamic Military Counter Terrorism Coalition">Islamic Military Counter Terrorism Coalition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gulf_Cooperation_Council" title="Gulf Cooperation Council">Gulf Cooperation Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/People%27s_Mujahedin_of_Iran" class="mw-redirect" title="People's Mujahedin of Iran">People's Mujahedin of Iran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iran_International" title="Iran International">Iran International</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shia%E2%80%93Sunni_relations" title="Shia–Sunni relations">Shia–Sunni relations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shia_Islam_in_Saudi_Arabia" title="Shia Islam in Saudi Arabia">Shia Islam in Saudi Arabia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /> <a href="/wiki/Category:Iran%E2%80%93Saudi_Arabia_proxy_conflict" title="Category:Iran–Saudi Arabia proxy conflict">Category:Iran–Saudi Arabia proxy conflict</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Post–Cold_War_conflicts_in_Africa" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Post-Cold_War_African_conflicts" title="Template:Post-Cold War African conflicts"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Post-Cold_War_African_conflicts" title="Template talk:Post-Cold War African conflicts"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Post-Cold_War_African_conflicts" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Post-Cold War African conflicts"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Post–Cold_War_conflicts_in_Africa" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Post–<a href="/wiki/Cold_War" title="Cold War">Cold War</a> <a href="/wiki/List_of_conflicts_in_Africa" title="List of conflicts in Africa">conflicts in Africa</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/North_Africa" title="North Africa">North Africa</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em">Egypt</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Egyptian_Crisis_(2011%E2%80%932014)" title="Egyptian Crisis (2011–2014)">Egyptian Crisis</a> (2011–2014)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/2011_Egyptian_revolution" title="2011 Egyptian revolution">2011 revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sinai_insurgency" title="Sinai insurgency">Sinai insurgency</a> (2011–present)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Post-coup_unrest_in_Egypt_(2013%E2%80%932014)" title="Post-coup unrest in Egypt (2013–2014)">Post-coup unrest</a> (2013–2014)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_terrorism_in_Egypt_(2013%E2%80%93present)" title="Timeline of terrorism in Egypt (2013–present)">Terrorism in Egypt</a> (2013–present)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em">Libya</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2008_Kufra_conflict" title="2008 Kufra conflict">2008 Kufra conflict</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Libyan_crisis_(2011%E2%80%93present)" title="Libyan crisis (2011–present)">Libyan crisis</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Libyan_civil_war_(2011)" title="Libyan civil war (2011)">2011 civil war</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Factional_violence_in_Libya_(2011%E2%80%932014)" title="Factional violence in Libya (2011–2014)">2011–2014 factional violence</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">2014–2020 civil war</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em">Western Sahara</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Western_Sahara_conflict" title="Western Sahara conflict">Western Sahara conflict</a> (1970–present) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Western_Sahara_War" title="Western Sahara War">War, 1975–1991</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_Saharan_clashes_(2020%E2%80%93present)" title="Western Saharan clashes (2020–present)">Clashes, 2020–present</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em">Others</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Algerian_Civil_War" title="Algerian Civil War">Algerian Civil War</a> (1991–2002)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Insurgency_in_the_Maghreb_(2002%E2%80%93present)" title="Insurgency in the Maghreb (2002–present)">Insurgency in the Maghreb (2002–present)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tunisian_revolution" title="Tunisian revolution">Tunisian revolution</a> (2010–2011)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/West_Africa" title="West Africa">West Africa</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em">Nigeria</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Communal_conflicts_in_Nigeria" title="Communal conflicts in Nigeria">Communal conflicts in Nigeria</a> (1998–present) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Herder%E2%80%93farmer_conflicts_in_Nigeria" title="Herder–farmer conflicts in Nigeria">Herder–farmer conflicts</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religious_violence_in_Nigeria" title="Religious violence in Nigeria">Religious violence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boko_Haram_insurgency" title="Boko Haram insurgency">Boko Haram insurgency</a> (2009–present)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conflict_in_the_Niger_Delta" title="Conflict in the Niger Delta">Niger Delta conflict</a> (2003–present) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2016_Niger_Delta_conflict" title="2016 Niger Delta conflict">2016 conflict</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Insurgency_in_Southeastern_Nigeria" title="Insurgency in Southeastern Nigeria">Insurgency in Southeastern Nigeria</a> (2021–present)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em">Mali</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Tuareg rebellions <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tuareg_rebellion_(1990%E2%80%931995)" title="Tuareg rebellion (1990–1995)">1990–1995</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tuareg_rebellion_(2007%E2%80%932009)" title="Tuareg rebellion (2007–2009)">2007–2009</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tuareg_rebellion_(2012)" title="Tuareg rebellion (2012)">2012</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mali_War" title="Mali War">Mali War</a> (2012–present)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em">Sierra Leone</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ndogboyosoi_War" title="Ndogboyosoi War">Ndogboyosoi War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sierra_Leone_Civil_War" title="Sierra Leone Civil War">Sierra Leone Civil War</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em">Liberia</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Liberian Civil Wars <ul><li><a href="/wiki/First_Liberian_Civil_War" title="First Liberian Civil War">1989–1996</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Liberian_Civil_War" title="Second Liberian Civil War">1999–2003</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em">Côte d'Ivoire</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Ivorian Civil Wars <ul><li><a href="/wiki/First_Ivorian_Civil_War" title="First Ivorian Civil War">2002–2007</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Ivorian_Civil_War" title="Second Ivorian Civil War">2010–2011</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em">Others</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Guinea-Bissau_Civil_War" title="Guinea-Bissau Civil War">Guinea-Bissau Civil War</a> (1998–1999)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/2013_Guinea_clashes" title="2013 Guinea clashes">Guinea clashes</a> (2013)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Casamance_conflict" title="Casamance conflict">Casamance conflict</a> (1982–present)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/2016%E2%80%932017_Gambian_constitutional_crisis" title="2016–2017 Gambian constitutional crisis">2016–2017 Gambian constitutional crisis</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ECOWAS_military_intervention_in_the_Gambia" title="ECOWAS military intervention in the Gambia">ECOWAS military intervention</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_Togoland_Rebellion" title="Western Togoland Rebellion">Western Togoland Rebellion</a> (2020–present)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Central_Africa" title="Central Africa">Central Africa</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em">Angola</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Angolan_Civil_War" title="Angolan Civil War">Angolan Civil War</a> (1975–2002)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cabinda_War" title="Cabinda War">Cabinda War</a> (1975–present)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em">DR Congo</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/First_Congo_War" title="First Congo War">First Congo War</a> (1996–1997)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Allied_Democratic_Forces_insurgency" title="Allied Democratic Forces insurgency">Allied Democratic Forces insurgency</a> (1996–present)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Congo_War" title="Second Congo War">Second Congo War</a> (1998–2003)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ituri_conflict" title="Ituri conflict">Ituri conflict</a> (1999–2007)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kivu_conflict" title="Kivu conflict">Kivu conflict</a> (2004–present)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dongo_conflict" title="Dongo conflict">Dongo conflict</a> (2009)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ituri_conflict" title="Ituri conflict">Ituri conflict</a> (2009–present)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_23_Movement" title="March 23 Movement">March 23 Movement</a> conflict <ul><li><a href="/wiki/M23_rebellion" title="M23 rebellion">2012–2013 rebellion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M23_offensive_(2022%E2%80%93present)" title="M23 offensive (2022–present)">2022–2024 offensive</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Batwa%E2%80%93Luba_clashes" title="Batwa–Luba clashes">Batwa–Luba clashes</a> (2013–2018)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kamwina_Nsapu_rebellion" title="Kamwina Nsapu rebellion">Kamwina Nsapu rebellion</a> (2016–2019)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em">Republic of the Congo</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Civil wars <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Republic_of_the_Congo_Civil_War_(1993%E2%80%931994)" title="Republic of the Congo Civil War (1993–1994)">1993–1994</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republic_of_the_Congo_Civil_War_(1997%E2%80%931999)" title="Republic of the Congo Civil War (1997–1999)">1997–1999</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2002%E2%80%932003_conflict_in_the_Pool_Department" title="2002–2003 conflict in the Pool Department">Pool Department conflict</a> (2002–2003)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pool_War" title="Pool War">Pool War</a> (2016–2017)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em">Central African Republic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Central_African_Republic_Bush_War" title="Central African Republic Bush War">Bush War</a> (2004–2007)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_African_Republic_Civil_War" title="Central African Republic Civil War">Civil War (2012–present)</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Central_African_Republic_conflict_(2013%E2%80%932014)" title="Central African Republic conflict (2013–2014)">Djotodia period, 2013–2014</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em">Chad</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chadian_Civil_War_(2005%E2%80%932010)" title="Chadian Civil War (2005–2010)">Civil War (2005–2010)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Insurgency_in_Northern_Chad" class="mw-redirect" title="Insurgency in Northern Chad">Insurgency in Northern Chad</a> (2016–present) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2021_Northern_Chad_offensive" title="2021 Northern Chad offensive">2021 offensive</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em">Others</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anglophone_Crisis" title="Anglophone Crisis">Anglophone Crisis (Cameroon)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lord%27s_Resistance_Army_insurgency" title="Lord's Resistance Army insurgency">Lord's Resistance Army insurgency</a> (1987–present)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boko_Haram_insurgency" title="Boko Haram insurgency">Boko Haram insurgency</a> (2009–present)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/East_Africa" title="East Africa">East Africa</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em">Ethiopia</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Oromo_conflict" title="Oromo conflict">Oromo conflict</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/OLA_insurgency" title="OLA insurgency">OLA insurgency, 2018–present</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Insurgency_in_Ogaden" title="Insurgency in Ogaden">Insurgency in Ogaden</a> (1994–2018)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Afar_insurgency" title="Second Afar insurgency">Second Afar insurgency</a> (1995–2018)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eritrean%E2%80%93Ethiopian_border_conflict" title="Eritrean–Ethiopian border conflict">Eritrean–Ethiopian border conflict</a> (2000–2018) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Eritrean%E2%80%93Ethiopian_War" title="Eritrean–Ethiopian War">War, 1998–2000</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethiopian_civil_conflict_(2018%E2%80%93present)" title="Ethiopian civil conflict (2018–present)">Ethiopian civil conflict (2018–present)</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Afar%E2%80%93Somali_clashes" title="Afar–Somali clashes">Afar–Somali clashes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benishangul-Gumuz_conflict" title="Benishangul-Gumuz conflict">Benishangul-Gumuz conflict</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oromia%E2%80%93Somali_clashes" class="mw-redirect" title="Oromia–Somali clashes">Oromia–Somali clashes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tigray_war" title="Tigray war">Tigray war</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/War_in_Amhara" title="War in Amhara">War in Amhara</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em">Somalia</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Puntland%E2%80%93Somaliland_dispute" title="Puntland–Somaliland dispute">Puntland–Somaliland dispute</a> (1998–present)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Somali_Civil_War" title="Somali Civil War">Somali Civil War</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/War_in_Somalia_(2006%E2%80%932009)" title="War in Somalia (2006–2009)">2006–2009 Ethiopian intervention</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Somali_Civil_War_(2009%E2%80%93present)" title="Somali Civil War (2009–present)">2009–present phase</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/African_Union_Mission_to_Somalia" title="African Union Mission to Somalia">AMISOM</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Piracy_off_the_coast_of_Somalia" title="Piracy off the coast of Somalia">Piracy off the coast of Somalia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em">Kenya</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ethnic_conflicts_in_Kenya" title="Ethnic conflicts in Kenya">Ethnic conflicts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Somali%E2%80%93Kenyan_conflict" title="Somali–Kenyan conflict">Somali–Kenyan conflict</a> (1963–present)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Likoni#The_Likoni_Massacres" title="Likoni">Likoni massacres</a> (1997)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/2007%E2%80%932008_Kenyan_crisis" title="2007–2008 Kenyan crisis">Kenyan crisis</a> (2007–2008)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/2012%E2%80%932013_Tana_River_District_clashes" title="2012–2013 Tana River District clashes">2012–2013 Tana River District clashes</a> (2012–2013)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baragoi_clashes" title="Baragoi clashes">Baragoi clashes</a> (2012)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em">South Sudan</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Heglig_Crisis" title="Heglig Crisis">Heglig Crisis</a> (2012)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sudanese_nomadic_conflicts" title="Sudanese nomadic conflicts">Nomadic conflicts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethnic_violence_in_South_Sudan" title="Ethnic violence in South Sudan">Ethnic violence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Sudanese_Civil_War" title="South Sudanese Civil War">Civil War</a> (2013–2020)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abyei_conflict_(2022%E2%80%932023)" class="mw-redirect" title="Abyei conflict (2022–2023)">Abyei conflict (2022–2023)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em">Sudan</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Second_Sudanese_Civil_War" title="Second Sudanese Civil War">Second Sudanese Civil War</a> (1983–2005)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/War_in_Darfur" title="War in Darfur">War in Darfur</a> (2003–2020)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sudanese_nomadic_conflicts" title="Sudanese nomadic conflicts">Nomadic conflicts</a> (2009–present)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sudanese_conflict_in_South_Kordofan_and_Blue_Nile" title="Sudanese conflict in South Kordofan and Blue Nile">South Kordofan and Blue Nile conflict</a> (2011–2020)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heglig_Crisis" title="Heglig Crisis">Heglig Crisis</a> (2012)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blue_Nile_clashes_(2022%E2%80%932023)" title="Blue Nile clashes (2022–2023)">Blue Nile clashes</a> (2022–2023)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sudanese_civil_war_(2023%E2%80%93present)" title="Sudanese civil war (2023–present)">Sudanese civil war</a> (2023–present)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em">Uganda</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lord%27s_Resistance_Army_insurgency" title="Lord's Resistance Army insurgency">Lord's Resistance Army insurgency</a> (1987–present)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Allied_Democratic_Forces_insurgency" title="Allied Democratic Forces insurgency">Allied Democratic Forces insurgency</a> (1996–present)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kasese_clashes" title="Kasese clashes">Kasese clashes</a> (2016)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em">Others</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rwandan_Civil_War" title="Rwandan Civil War">Rwandan Civil War</a> / <a href="/wiki/Rwandan_genocide" title="Rwandan genocide">genocide</a> (1990–1994)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Djiboutian_Civil_War" title="Djiboutian Civil War">Djiboutian Civil War</a> (1991–1994)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hanish_Islands_conflict" title="Hanish Islands conflict">Hanish Islands conflict</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2008_invasion_of_Anjouan" title="2008 invasion of Anjouan">2008 invasion of Anjouan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Djiboutian%E2%80%93Eritrean_border_conflict" title="Djiboutian–Eritrean border conflict">Djiboutian–Eritrean border conflict</a></li> <li>Burundian conflicts <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Burundian_Civil_War" title="Burundian Civil War">1993–2005 Civil War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burundian_unrest_(2015%E2%80%932018)" title="Burundian unrest (2015–2018)">2015–2018 unrest</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Southern_Africa" title="Southern Africa">Southern Africa</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em">Mozambique</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mozambican_Civil_War" title="Mozambican Civil War">Mozambican Civil War</a> (1977–1992)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/RENAMO_insurgency_(2013%E2%80%932021)" title="RENAMO insurgency (2013–2021)">RENAMO insurgency (2013–2021)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Insurgency_in_Cabo_Delgado" title="Insurgency in Cabo Delgado">Insurgency in Cabo Delgado</a> (2017–present)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em">Others</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1994_Bophuthatswana_crisis" title="1994 Bophuthatswana crisis">Bophuthatswana crisis</a> (1994)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caprivi_conflict" title="Caprivi conflict">Caprivi conflict</a> (1994–1999)</li> <li>Lesothan conflicts <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Southern_African_Development_Community_intervention_in_Lesotho" class="mw-redirect" title="Southern African Development Community intervention in Lesotho">SADC intervention in Lesotho</a> (1998–1999)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/2014_Lesotho_political_crisis" title="2014 Lesotho political crisis">2014 Lesotho political crisis</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/War_on_terror" title="War on terror">War on terror</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arab_Spring" title="Arab Spring">Arab Spring</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arab_Winter" title="Arab Winter">Arab Winter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colour_revolution" title="Colour revolution">Colour revolutions</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; 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