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id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:%E5%88%9B%E5%BB%BA%E8%B4%A6%E6%88%B7&returnto=%E7%94%B2%E9%AA%A8%E6%96%87" title="我们推荐您创建账号并登录，但这不是强制性的"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>创建账号</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:%E7%94%A8%E6%88%B7%E7%99%BB%E5%BD%95&returnto=%E7%94%B2%E9%AA%A8%E6%96%87" title="建议你登录，尽管并非必须。[o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>登录</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 未登录编辑者的页面 <a href="/wiki/Help:%E6%96%B0%E6%89%8B%E5%85%A5%E9%97%A8" aria-label="了解有关编辑的更多信息"><span>了解详情</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E6%88%91%E7%9A%84%E8%B4%A1%E7%8C%AE" title="来自此IP地址的编辑列表[y]" accesskey="y"><span>贡献</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E6%88%91%E7%9A%84%E8%AE%A8%E8%AE%BA%E9%A1%B5" title="对于来自此IP地址编辑的讨论[n]" accesskey="n"><span>讨论</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="站点"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="目录" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">目录</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">移至侧栏</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">隐藏</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">序言</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-發現與命名" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#發現與命名"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>發現與命名</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-發現與命名-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-歷史" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#歷史"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>歷史</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-歷史-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>开关歷史子章节</span> </button> <ul id="toc-歷史-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-起源" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#起源"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>起源</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-起源-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-塵封" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#塵封"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>塵封</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-塵封-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-重現" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#重現"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>重現</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-重現-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-認定" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#認定"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4</span> <span>認定</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-認定-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-發掘" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#發掘"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.5</span> <span>發掘</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-發掘-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-收藏" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#收藏"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>收藏</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-收藏-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-研究" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#研究"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>研究</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-研究-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-內容" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#內容"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>內容</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-內容-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-異議" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#異議"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>異議</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-異議-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-学者" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#学者"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>学者</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-学者-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-相關參考論著資料" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#相關參考論著資料"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>相關參考論著資料</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-相關參考論著資料-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>开关相關參考論著資料子章节</span> </button> <ul id="toc-相關參考論著資料-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-拓本、合集" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#拓本、合集"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.1</span> <span>拓本、合集</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-拓本、合集-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-通釋" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#通釋"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.2</span> <span>通釋</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-通釋-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-通論" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#通論"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.3</span> <span>通論</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-通論-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-字典及文編" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#字典及文編"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.4</span> <span>字典及文編</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-字典及文編-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-論文集" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#論文集"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.5</span> <span>論文集</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-論文集-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-圖例" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#圖例"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>圖例</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-圖例-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-参見" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#参見"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>参見</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-参見-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-参考文献" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#参考文献"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>参考文献</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-参考文献-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-參考資料" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#參考資料"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>參考資料</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-參考資料-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-外部链接" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#外部链接"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13</span> <span>外部链接</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-外部链接-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="目录" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="目录" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="开关目录" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">开关目录</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">甲骨文</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="前往另一种语言写成的文章。38种语言可用" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-38" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">38种语言</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iskriturang_Tu-lang_na_Orakulo" title="Iskriturang Tu-lang na Orakulo – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Iskriturang Tu-lang na Orakulo" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A6%D0%B7%D1%8F%D0%B3%D1%83%D0%B2%D1%8D%D0%BD%D1%8C" title="Цзягувэнь – 白俄罗斯语" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Цзягувэнь" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="白俄罗斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bxr mw-list-item"><a href="https://bxr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A6%D0%B7%D1%8F%D0%B3%D1%83%D0%B2%D1%8D%D0%BD%D1%8C" title="Цзягувэнь – Russia Buriat" lang="bxr" hreflang="bxr" data-title="Цзягувэнь" data-language-autonym="Буряад" data-language-local-name="Russia Buriat" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Буряад</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Escriptura_dels_ossos_oraculars" title="Escriptura dels ossos oraculars – 加泰罗尼亚语" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Escriptura dels ossos oraculars" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="加泰罗尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/G%C3%A1k-g%C3%A1uk-%C3%B9ng" title="Gák-gáuk-ùng – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Gák-gáuk-ùng" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/N%C3%A1pisy_na_v%C4%9B%C5%A1tebn%C3%BDch_kostech" title="Nápisy na věštebných kostech – 捷克语" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Nápisy na věštebných kostech" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="捷克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oracle_bone_script" title="Oracle bone script – 英语" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Oracle bone script" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="英语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Escritura_en_huesos_oraculares" title="Escritura en huesos oraculares – 西班牙语" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Escritura en huesos oraculares" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="西班牙语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oraakkeliluuennustus" title="Oraakkeliluuennustus – 芬兰语" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Oraakkeliluuennustus" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="芬兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%89criture_oss%C3%A9caille" title="Écriture ossécaille – 法语" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Écriture ossécaille" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="法语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kap-kut-v%C3%B9n" title="Kap-kut-vùn – 客家语" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Kap-kut-vùn" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="客家语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%9A-%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%A1%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A1%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%BF" title="कवच-हड्डी लिपि – 印地语" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="कवच-हड्डी लिपि" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="印地语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/J%C3%B3sl%C3%B3csont-%C3%ADr%C3%A1s" title="Jóslócsont-írás – 匈牙利语" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Jóslócsont-írás" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="匈牙利语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aksara_tulang_ramalan" title="Aksara tulang ramalan – 印度尼西亚语" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Aksara tulang ramalan" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="印度尼西亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scrittura_sulle_ossa" title="Scrittura sulle ossa – 意大利语" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Scrittura sulle ossa" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="意大利语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%94%B2%E9%AA%A8%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97" title="甲骨文字 – 日语" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="甲骨文字" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="日语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%AB%E1%83%98%E1%83%90%E1%83%92%E1%83%A3%E1%83%95%E1%83%94%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98" title="ძიაგუვენი – 格鲁吉亚语" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ძიაგუვენი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="格鲁吉亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%B0%91%EA%B3%A8_%EB%AC%B8%EC%9E%90" title="갑골 문자 – 韩语" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="갑골 문자" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="韩语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Z%C4%ABl%C4%93%C5%A1anas_kaulu_raksts" title="Zīlēšanas kaulu raksts – 拉脱维亚语" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Zīlēšanas kaulu raksts" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="拉脱维亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tulisan_tulang_ramalan" title="Tulisan tulang ramalan – 马来语" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Tulisan tulang ramalan" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="马来语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orakelbottenschrift" title="Orakelbottenschrift – 荷兰语" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Orakelbottenschrift" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="荷兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orakelskrift" title="Orakelskrift – 书面挪威语" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Orakelskrift" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="书面挪威语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Napisy_na_ko%C5%9Bciach_wr%C3%B3%C5%BCebnych" title="Napisy na kościach wróżebnych – 波兰语" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Napisy na kościach wróżebnych" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="波兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Escrita_em_ossos_oraculares" title="Escrita em ossos oraculares – 葡萄牙语" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Escrita em ossos oraculares" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="葡萄牙语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A6%D0%B7%D1%8F%D0%B3%D1%83%D0%B2%D1%8D%D0%BD%D1%8C" title="Цзягувэнь – 俄语" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Цзягувэнь" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="俄语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zapisi_na_oklopima_kornja%C4%8Da" title="Zapisi na oklopima kornjača – 塞尔维亚-克罗地亚语" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Zapisi na oklopima kornjača" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="塞尔维亚-克罗地亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/N%C3%A1pisy_na_ve%C5%A1teck%C3%BDch_kostiach" title="Nápisy na vešteckých kostiach – 斯洛伐克语" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Nápisy na vešteckých kostiach" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="斯洛伐克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%D0%B0%D0%BF%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%B8_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B0_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%9A%D0%B0%D1%87%D0%B0" title="Записи на оклопима корњача – 塞尔维亚语" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Записи на оклопима корњача" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="塞尔维亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="典范条目"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orakelbensskrift" title="Orakelbensskrift – 瑞典语" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Orakelbensskrift" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="瑞典语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szy mw-list-item"><a href="https://szy.wikipedia.org/wiki/u_cya-ku-wen_(%E7%94%B2%E9%AA%A8%E6%96%87)_hananay_a_lalangawan_nikaidaw" title="u cya-ku-wen (甲骨文) hananay a lalangawan nikaidaw – Sakizaya" lang="szy" hreflang="szy" data-title="u cya-ku-wen (甲骨文) hananay a lalangawan nikaidaw" data-language-autonym="Sakizaya" data-language-local-name="Sakizaya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sakizaya</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kehanet_kemi%C4%9Fi_yaz%C4%B1s%C4%B1" title="Kehanet kemiği yazısı – 土耳其语" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Kehanet kemiği yazısı" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="土耳其语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%86%D9%89%D8%BA%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%82-%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%BA%D8%A7%D9%82_%D9%8A%DB%90%D8%B2%D9%89%D9%82%D9%89" title="چىغناق-تاغاق يېزىقى – 维吾尔语" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="چىغناق-تاغاق يېزىقى" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="维吾尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A6%D0%B7%D1%8F%D2%91%D1%83%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%8C" title="Цзяґувень – 乌克兰语" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Цзяґувень" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="乌克兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gi%C3%A1p_c%E1%BB%91t_v%C4%83n" title="Giáp cốt văn – 越南语" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Giáp cốt văn" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="越南语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%94%B2%E9%AA%A8%E6%96%87" title="甲骨文 – 吴语" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="甲骨文" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="吴语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-za mw-list-item"><a href="https://za.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sawgyapgoet" title="Sawgyapgoet – 壮语" lang="za" hreflang="za" data-title="Sawgyapgoet" data-language-autonym="Vahcuengh" data-language-local-name="壮语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vahcuengh</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kah-kut-b%C3%BBn" title="Kah-kut-bûn – 闽南语" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Kah-kut-bûn" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="闽南语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a 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hatnote-notice-img" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E6%B6%88%E6%AD%A7%E4%B9%89" title="Wikipedia:消歧义"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Disambig_gray.svg/25px-Disambig_gray.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Disambig_gray.svg/38px-Disambig_gray.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Disambig_gray.svg/50px-Disambig_gray.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="220" data-file-height="168" /></a></span>此条目的主題是中國古文字。关于同名的軟件公司，請見「<b><a href="/wiki/%E7%94%B2%E9%AA%A8%E6%96%87%E5%85%AC%E5%8F%B8" title="甲骨文公司">甲骨文公司</a></b>」。</div> <div id="noteTA-c9eae365" class="noteTA"><div class="noteTA-local"><div data-noteta-code="zh-cn:通过;zh-tw:透過;zh-hk:通過;"></div></div></div> <div class="infobox" style="max-width:300px;float:right;padding:0 0.4em;border:1px solid #aaa;margin:0 0 0.4em 0.4em"><div style="background-color:#f5f5f5;text-align:center;font-weight:bold;padding:0.5em 0;margin:0.5em 0;font-size:120%">甲骨文</div><div><span typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Zhou-inscription.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Zhou-inscription.png/300px-Zhou-inscription.png" decoding="async" width="300" height="390" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/ce/Zhou-inscription.png 1.5x" data-file-width="411" data-file-height="534" /></a></span></div><table style="text-align:left;word-break:break-word;table-layout:fixed;width:100%;font-size:90%"><caption style="background-color:#f5f5f5;font-weight:bold;margin-top:0.2em"><span><span>语标书写系统</span>、<span>自然文字</span>、<span>不分大小寫</span>、<span><a href="/wiki/%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97" title="文字">書寫系統</a></span></span></caption><tbody><tr><th scope="row">成立或建立時間</th><td><span><span>公元前1500年</span></span> <span class="mw-valign-baseline noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7476695#P571" title="编辑"><img alt="编辑" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg/12px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg/18px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg/24px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row">母语标签</th><td><span><span><span lang="zh-cn">甲骨文</span></span></span> <span class="mw-valign-baseline noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7476695#P1705" title="编辑"><img alt="编辑" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg/12px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg/18px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg/24px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row">命名者</th><td><span><span><a href="/wiki/%E9%99%86%E6%87%8B%E5%BE%B7" title="陆懋德">陆懋德</a></span></span> <span class="mw-valign-baseline noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7476695#P3938" title="编辑"><img alt="编辑" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg/12px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg/18px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg/24px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row">作品或名稱使用語言</th><td><span><span><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%8A%E5%8F%A4%E6%B1%89%E8%AF%AD" title="上古汉语">上古汉语</a></span></span> <span class="mw-valign-baseline noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7476695#P407" title="编辑"><img alt="编辑" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg/12px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg/18px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg/24px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row">終於</th><td><span><span>公元前1050年</span></span> <span class="mw-valign-baseline noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7476695#P582" title="编辑"><img alt="编辑" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg/12px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg/18px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg/24px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row">研究学科</th><td><span><span><a href="/wiki/%E7%94%B2%E9%AA%A8%E5%AD%A6" title="甲骨学">甲骨学</a></span></span> <span class="mw-valign-baseline noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7476695#P2579" title="编辑"><img alt="编辑" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg/12px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg/18px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg/24px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row">發現者或發明者</th><td><span><span><a href="/wiki/%E7%8E%8B%E6%87%BF%E8%8D%A3" title="王懿荣">王懿荣</a></span></span> <span class="mw-valign-baseline noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7476695#P61" title="编辑"><img alt="编辑" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg/12px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg/18px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg/24px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row">发现或发明时间</th><td><span><span>2025</span></span> <span class="mw-valign-baseline noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7476695#P575" title="编辑"><img alt="编辑" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg/12px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg/18px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg/24px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row">使用</th><td><span><span><a href="/wiki/%E7%94%B2%E9%AA%A8" class="mw-redirect" title="甲骨">甲骨</a></span></span> <span class="mw-valign-baseline noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7476695#P2283" title="编辑"><img alt="编辑" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg/12px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg/18px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg/24px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r84265675">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output 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.sidebar-above,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-below{background:inherit!important;color:inherit!important;border-color:#54595d!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar a:not(.new):not(.mw-selflink):link{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile nowraplinks" style="background:var(--background-color-neutral,#EFEFEF);text-align:center;font-size:small;color: inherit;"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-top-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%E6%B1%89%E5%AD%97" title="漢字"><img alt="漢字" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Chinese_characters_logo.svg/260px-Chinese_characters_logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="260" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Chinese_characters_logo.svg/390px-Chinese_characters_logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Chinese_characters_logo.svg/520px-Chinese_characters_logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="177" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-title"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Shang_dynasty_inscribed_scapula.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Shang_dynasty_inscribed_scapula.jpg/150px-Shang_dynasty_inscribed_scapula.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="231" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Shang_dynasty_inscribed_scapula.jpg/225px-Shang_dynasty_inscribed_scapula.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Shang_dynasty_inscribed_scapula.jpg/300px-Shang_dynasty_inscribed_scapula.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1733" data-file-height="2669" /></a></span></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist" style="width:260px"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title"><a href="/wiki/%E6%B1%89%E5%AD%97%E5%AD%97%E4%BD%93%E9%A3%8E%E6%A0%BC" title="汉字字体风格">汉字字体风格</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E9%99%B6%E6%96%87" title="陶文">陶文</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">甲骨文</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%87%91%E6%96%87" title="金文">金文</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%A4%E6%96%87_(%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97)" title="古文 (文字)">古文</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%A4%E6%96%87_(%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97)" title="古文 (文字)">蝌蚪文</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%9F%B3%E9%BC%93%E6%96%87" title="石鼓文">石鼓文</a><a href="/wiki/%E7%B1%80%E6%96%87" title="籀文">籀文</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%B3%A5%E8%9F%B2%E6%9B%B8" title="鳥蟲書">鳥蟲書</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%AF%86%E4%B9%A6" title="篆书">篆书</a>（<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E7%AF%86" title="大篆">大篆</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B0%8F%E7%AF%86" title="小篆">小篆</a>）<a href="/wiki/%E9%9A%B6%E4%B9%A6" title="隶书">隶书</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%A5%B7%E4%B9%A6" title="楷书">楷书</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%A1%8C%E4%B9%A6" title="行书">行书</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%8D%89%E4%B9%A6" title="草书">草书</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B4%A9%E5%AD%97" title="崩字">崩字</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%BC%86%E4%B9%A6" title="漆书">漆书</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E4%B9%A6%E6%B3%95" title="中国书法">书法</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%A3%9B%E7%99%BD%E6%9B%B8" title="飛白書">飛白書</a></li></ul> <div style="font-size:90%;line-height:140%;background:#BCBCBC;"> <ul><li>印刷字体风格 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%95%E7%89%88%E5%8D%B0%E5%88%B7" title="雕版印刷">雕版</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B4%BB%E5%AD%97%E5%8D%B0%E5%88%B7" class="mw-redirect" title="活字印刷">活字</a></li></ul></li></ul></div> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BB%BF%E5%AE%8B%E9%AB%94" title="仿宋體">仿宋體</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%8B%E4%BD%93" title="宋体">宋体</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%BB%91%E4%BD%93_(%E5%AD%97%E4%BD%93)" title="黑体 (字体)">黑体</a></li></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist" style="width:260px"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title"><a href="/wiki/%E5%AD%97%E5%BD%A2" title="字形">字形</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%AC%94%E7%94%BB" title="笔画">笔画</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%AD%86%E9%A0%86" title="筆順">筆順</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%81%8F%E6%97%81" title="偏旁">偏旁</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%AD%E6%9B%B8" title="六書">六書</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%83%A8%E9%A6%96" title="部首">部首</a><a href="/wiki/%E6%B1%89%E5%AD%97%E7%BB%93%E6%9E%84" title="汉字结构">汉字结构</a>（<a href="/wiki/%E5%90%88%E9%AB%94" title="合體">合體</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%8D%A8%E9%AB%94" title="獨體">獨體</a>）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%BC%A2%E5%AD%97%E9%83%A8%E4%BB%B6" title="漢字部件">部件</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%97%E5%AD%97" title="俗字">俗字</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%BC%82%E4%BD%93%E5%AD%97" title="异体字">异体字</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%AD%A3%E4%BD%93%E5%AD%97" title="正体字">正体字</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%9A%E9%9F%B3%E5%AD%97" title="多音字">多音字</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%80%9A%E5%81%87%E5%AD%97" title="通假字">通假字</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%81%87%E5%80%9F%E5%AD%97" class="mw-redirect" title="假借字">假借字</a><a href="/wiki/%E9%9A%B8%E8%AE%8A" title="隸變">隸變</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%9A%B6%E5%AE%9A" title="隶定">隶定</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%A4%E4%BB%8A%E5%AD%97" title="古今字">古今字</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%94%9F%E5%83%BB%E5%AD%97" title="生僻字">生僻字</a></li></ul> <div style="font-size:90%;line-height:140%;background:var(--background-color-disabled,#BCBCBC);color: inherit;"><a href="/wiki/%E6%BC%A2%E5%AD%97%E5%90%8C%E6%BA%90%E8%A9%9E" title="漢字同源詞">同源字</a></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%B3%E6%96%87%E8%AA%AA" title="右文說">右文說</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%90%8C%E5%BD%A2%E5%BC%82%E4%B9%89%E8%AF%8D" class="mw-redirect" title="同形异义词">同形异义词</a></li></ul> <div style="font-size:90%;line-height:140%;background:var(--background-color-disabled,#BCBCBC);color: inherit;"><a href="/wiki/%E6%B1%89%E5%AD%97%E8%A7%84%E8%8C%83" title="汉字规范">汉字规范和标准</a></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%AC%E5%AD%97" title="本字">本字</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%9F%B3%E7%BB%8F" title="石经">石经</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%88%8A%E5%AD%97%E5%BD%A2" title="舊字形">舊字形</a>/<a href="/wiki/%E6%96%B0%E5%AD%97%E5%BD%A2" title="新字形">新字形</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%80%9A%E7%94%A8%E8%A7%84%E8%8C%83%E6%B1%89%E5%AD%97%E8%A1%A8" title="通用规范汉字表">通用规范汉字表</a>·<a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%8B%E5%AD%97%E6%A8%99%E6%BA%96%E5%AD%97%E9%AB%94" title="國字標準字體">國字標準字體</a>·<a href="/wiki/%E5%B8%B8%E7%94%A8%E5%AD%97%E5%AD%97%E5%BD%A2%E8%A1%A8" title="常用字字形表">常用字字形表</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist" style="width:260px"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title"><a href="/wiki/%E6%BC%A2%E5%AD%97%E6%96%87%E5%8C%96%E5%9C%88" title="漢字文化圈">漢字文化</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%A7%84%E8%8C%83%E6%B1%89%E5%AD%97" title="规范汉字">陸</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B8%B8%E7%94%A8%E5%AD%97%E5%AD%97%E5%BD%A2%E8%A1%A8" title="常用字字形表">港</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B8%B8%E7%94%A8%E5%AD%97%E5%AD%97%E5%BD%A2%E8%A1%A8" title="常用字字形表">澳</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%87%BA%E7%81%A3%E6%BC%A2%E5%AD%97" title="臺灣漢字">台</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%96%B0%E5%8A%A0%E5%9D%A1%E6%BC%A2%E5%AD%97" title="新加坡漢字">新</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E6%B1%89%E5%AD%97" title="日本汉字">日</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%9D%E9%AE%AE%E6%BC%A2%E5%AD%97" title="朝鮮漢字">朝</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%84%92%E5%AD%97" title="儒字">越</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%90%89%E7%90%83%E6%BC%A2%E5%AD%97" title="琉球漢字">琉</a></li></ul> <div style="font-size:90%;line-height:140%;background:var(--background-color-disabled,#BCBCBC);color: inherit;"><a href="/wiki/%E6%96%B9%E8%A8%80%E5%AD%97" title="方言字">方言字</a></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%B2%B5%E8%AA%9E%E5%AD%97" title="粵語字">粵語字</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%96%A9%E8%AA%9E%E5%AD%97" title="閩語字">閩語字</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%90%B4%E8%AF%AD%E5%AD%97" title="吴语字">吴语字</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9B%9B%E5%B7%9D%E6%96%B9%E8%A8%80%E5%AD%97" title="四川方言字">四川方言字</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%97%E4%BA%AC%E6%96%B9%E8%A8%80%E5%AD%97" title="南京方言字">南京方言字</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%96%A9%E5%8D%97%E8%AA%9E%E6%BC%A2%E5%AD%97%E5%80%9F%E9%9F%B3" title="閩南語漢字借音">閩南語借音漢字</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="客家話正音正字" data-lang-code="hak" data-lang-name="客家话" data-foreign-title="客家話正音正字"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%AE%A2%E5%AE%B6%E8%A9%B1%E6%AD%A3%E9%9F%B3%E6%AD%A3%E5%AD%97&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="客家話正音正字（页面不存在）">客家話正音正字</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">（</span><span class="ilh-lang">客家话</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%AE%A2%E5%AE%B6%E8%A9%B1%E6%AD%A3%E9%9F%B3%E6%AD%A3%E5%AD%97" class="extiw" title="hak:客家話正音正字"><span lang="hak" dir="auto">客家話正音正字</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">）</span></span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%87%BA%E7%81%A3%E5%AE%A2%E5%AE%B6%E8%AA%9E%E6%9B%B8%E5%AF%AB%E6%8E%A8%E8%96%A6%E7%94%A8%E5%AD%97" title="臺灣客家語書寫推薦用字">臺灣客家語書寫推薦用字</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%B0%E9%96%A9%E6%BC%A2%E5%AD%97" title="台閩漢字">台閩漢字</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%87%BA%E7%81%A3%E5%8F%B0%E8%AA%9E%E6%8E%A8%E8%96%A6%E7%94%A8%E5%AD%97" title="臺灣台語推薦用字">字</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8F%B0%E7%81%A3%E9%96%A9%E5%8D%97%E8%AA%9E%E7%94%A8%E8%A9%9E&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="台灣閩南語用詞（页面不存在）">詞</a></li></ul></li></ul> <div style="font-size:90%;line-height:140%;background-color: var(--background-color-disabled,#BCBCBC);color: inherit;"> <ul><li>中文<a href="/wiki/%E6%B1%89%E5%AD%97%E7%AE%80%E5%8C%96" title="汉字简化">汉字简化</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%BC%A2%E5%AD%97%E7%B0%A1%E5%8C%96%E7%88%AD%E8%AB%96" title="漢字簡化爭論">爭論</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%B9%81%E7%B0%A1%E8%BD%89%E6%8F%9B" title="繁簡轉換">繁简转换</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%B9%81%E4%BD%93%E5%AD%97" title="繁体字">繁体字</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%AE%80%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%97" title="简化字">简化字</a>（<a href="/wiki/%E6%B1%89%E5%AD%97%E7%AE%80%E5%8C%96%E6%96%B9%E6%A1%88" title="汉字简化方案">汉字简化方案</a>）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%8C%E7%AE%80%E5%AD%97" title="二简字">二简字</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%AE%80%E4%BD%93%E5%AD%97" title="简体字">简笔字</a></li></ul> <div style="font-size:90%;line-height:140%;background-color: var(--background-color-disabled,#BCBCBC);color: inherit;">日本<a href="/wiki/%E5%9B%BD%E8%AF%AD%E5%9B%BD%E5%AD%97%E9%97%AE%E9%A2%98" title="国语国字问题">国语国字问题</a></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%88%8A%E5%AD%97%E9%AB%94" title="舊字體">舊字體</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%96%B0%E5%AD%97%E4%BD%93" title="新字体">新字体</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%93%B4%E5%BC%B5%E6%96%B0%E5%AD%97%E9%AB%94" title="擴張新字體">擴張新字體</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%95%B6%E7%94%A8%E6%BC%A2%E5%AD%97" title="當用漢字">當用漢字</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B8%B8%E7%94%A8%E6%BC%A2%E5%AD%97" title="常用漢字">常用漢字</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%90%8C%E9%9F%B3%E6%B1%89%E5%AD%97%E4%B9%A6%E5%86%99%E8%A7%84%E5%88%99" title="同音汉字书写规则">同音汉字书写规则</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E6%B1%89%E5%AD%97" title="日本汉字">日本汉字</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%A8%E5%AD%A6%E8%81%94%E6%B1%89%E5%AD%97" title="全学联汉字">全学联汉字</a></li></ul> <div style="font-size:90%;line-height:140%;background-color: var(--background-color-disabled,#BCBCBC);color: inherit;">韩国国语国字问题</div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E9%9F%A9%E5%9B%BD%E5%9B%BD%E5%AD%97" title="韩国国字">韩国国字</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%9D%E9%AE%AE%E6%BC%A2%E5%AD%97" title="朝鮮漢字">朝鮮漢字</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%BC%A2%E6%96%87%E6%95%99%E8%82%B2%E7%94%A8%E5%9F%BA%E7%A4%8E%E6%BC%A2%E5%AD%97" title="漢文教育用基礎漢字">漢文教育用基礎漢字</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%90%8F%E8%AE%80" title="吏讀">吏讀</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%84%89%E6%9C%AD" title="鄉札">鄉札</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%A3%E8%A8%A3_(%E6%9C%9D%E9%AE%AE%E8%AA%9E)" title="口訣 (朝鮮語)">口訣</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist" style="width:260px"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title">衍生文字</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><div style="font-size:90%;line-height:140%;background:var(--background-color-disabled,#BCBCBC);color: inherit;"><a href="/wiki/%E8%AA%9E%E9%9F%B3%E8%BD%89%E9%8C%84" title="語音轉錄">语音转录</a></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%A8%E9%9F%B3%E7%AC%A6%E5%8F%B7" class="mw-redirect" title="注音符号">注音符号</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%98%E8%AF%9D%E5%90%88%E5%A3%B0%E5%AD%97%E6%AF%8D" title="官话合声字母">官话合声字母</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%89%E6%8E%A8%E6%88%90%E5%AD%97%E6%B3%95" title="三推成字法">三推成字法</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%93%AF%E6%96%87&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="瓯文（页面不存在）">瓯文</a></li></ul> <div style="font-size:90%;line-height:140%;background:var(--background-color-disabled,#BCBCBC);color: inherit;"><a href="/wiki/%E5%90%88%E5%AD%97" title="合字">合字</a></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%90%88%E6%96%87" title="合文">合文</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%AB%B1%E7%A7%98%E5%AD%97" title="諱秘字">讳秘字</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%88%99%E5%A4%A9%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97" title="则天文字">则天文字</a></li></ul> <div style="font-size:90%;line-height:140%;background:var(--background-color-disabled,#BCBCBC);color: inherit;">民族文字</div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A5%B3%E4%B9%A6" title="女书">女书</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%82%88%E5%83%B3%E7%AB%B9%E4%B9%A6" title="傈僳竹书">傈僳竹书</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%96%B9%E5%9D%97%E4%BE%97%E5%AD%97" title="方块侗字">方块侗字</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%96%B9%E5%9D%97%E5%A3%AE%E5%AD%97" title="方块壮字">方块壮字</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B8%83%E4%BE%9D%E6%97%8F%E5%8F%A4%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97" title="布依族古文字">方块布依字</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%83%B0%E6%96%87" title="僰文">僰文</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BB%A1%E4%BD%AC%E5%AD%97" title="仡佬字">仡佬字</a></li></ul> <div style="font-size:90%;line-height:140%;background:var(--background-color-disabled,#BCBCBC);color: inherit;">历史文字</div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A5%91%E4%B8%B9%E6%96%87" title="契丹文">契丹文</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A5%91%E4%B8%B9%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%97" title="契丹大字">大字</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A5%91%E4%B8%B9%E5%B0%8F%E5%AD%97" title="契丹小字">小字</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A5%B3%E7%9C%9F%E6%96%87" title="女真文">女真文</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A5%B3%E7%9C%9F%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%97" title="女真大字">大字</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A5%B3%E7%9C%9F%E6%96%87" title="女真文">小字</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E5%A4%8F%E6%96%87" title="西夏文">西夏文</a></li></ul> <div style="font-size:90%;line-height:140%;background:var(--background-color-disabled,#BCBCBC);color: inherit;">域外文字</div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%81%87%E5%90%8D_(%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97)" title="假名 (文字)">假名</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%90%AC%E8%91%89%E5%81%87%E5%90%8D" title="萬葉假名">萬葉</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B9%B3%E5%81%87%E5%90%8D" title="平假名">平</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%89%87%E5%81%87%E5%90%8D" title="片假名">片</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%90%89%E7%90%83%E6%96%87" title="琉球文">琉球国字头</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%A3%E8%A8%A3_(%E6%9C%9D%E9%AE%AE%E8%AA%9E)" title="口訣 (朝鮮語)">口訣</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%90%8F%E8%AE%80" title="吏讀">吏讀</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%84%89%E6%9C%AD" title="鄉札">鄉札</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%9F%A9%E5%9B%BD%E5%9B%BD%E5%AD%97" title="韩国国字">韩国国字</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%96%83%E5%AD%97" title="喃字">喃字</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B2%B1%E5%96%83%E5%AD%97" title="岱喃字">岱喃字</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist" style="width:260px"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title">字音</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E9%9F%B3%E8%AE%80" title="音讀">音讀</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%9D%E9%AE%AE%E6%BC%A2%E5%AD%97%E9%9F%B3" title="朝鮮漢字音">朝鮮漢字音</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%90%89%E7%90%83%E6%B1%89%E5%AD%97%E9%9F%B3" title="琉球汉字音">琉球汉字音</a></li></ul> <div style="font-size:90%;line-height:140%;background-color: var(--background-color-disabled,#BCBCBC);color: inherit;"><a href="/wiki/%E6%B1%89%E8%B6%8A%E8%AF%8D" title="汉越词">汉越词</a></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%A4%E6%BC%A2%E8%B6%8A%E8%AA%9E" title="古漢越語">古漢越語</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%96%83%E9%9F%B3" title="喃音">喃音</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%BC%A2%E8%B6%8A%E9%9F%B3" title="漢越音">漢越音</a></li></ul> <div style="font-size:90%;line-height:140%;background-color: var(--background-color-disabled,#BCBCBC);color: inherit;">日本漢字音</div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%A4%E9%9F%B3_(%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E6%BC%A2%E5%AD%97%E9%9F%B3)" title="古音 (日本漢字音)">古音</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%90%B3%E9%9F%B3" title="吳音">吳音</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%BC%A2%E9%9F%B3" title="漢音">漢音</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%96%B0%E6%BC%A2%E9%9F%B3" title="新漢音">新漢音</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%8B%E9%9F%B3" title="宋音">宋音</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%94%90%E9%9F%B3" title="唐音">唐音</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%85%A3%E7%94%A8%E9%9F%B3" title="慣用音">慣用音</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E6%BC%A2%E5%AD%97%E9%9F%B3%E7%9A%84%E8%81%B2%E8%AA%BF" title="日本漢字音的聲調">聲調</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%9F%B3%E8%AE%80#日語音讀" title="音讀">音讀</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%A8%93%E8%AE%80#日语中的訓讀" title="訓讀">訓讀</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%87%8D%E7%AE%B1%E8%AE%80%E6%B3%95" title="重箱讀法">重箱讀法</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B9%AF%E6%A1%B6%E8%AE%80%E6%B3%95" title="湯桶讀法">湯桶讀法</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist" style="width:260px"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title"><a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%A1%E6%81%AF%E6%8A%80%E6%9C%AF" title="信息技术">信息技术</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E6%97%A5%E9%9F%93%E7%B5%B1%E4%B8%80%E8%A1%A8%E6%84%8F%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97" title="中日韓統一表意文字">統一碼</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E6%96%87%E8%BE%93%E5%85%A5%E6%8A%80%E6%9C%AF" title="中文输入技术">中文输入技术</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E6%96%87%E8%BE%93%E5%85%A5%E6%B3%95" title="中文输入法">中文输入法</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist" style="width:260px"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title">其他</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><hr /> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%BC%A2%E5%AD%97%E8%A9%9E" title="漢字詞">漢字詞</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%8C%AF%E5%88%A5%E5%AD%97" title="錯別字">錯別字</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%8F%90%E7%AC%94%E5%BF%98%E5%AD%97" title="提笔忘字">提笔忘字</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%BB%A2%E9%99%A4%E6%BC%A2%E5%AD%97%E8%AB%96" title="廢除漢字論">廢除漢字論</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%BC%A2%E5%AD%97%E5%BE%A9%E6%B4%BB" title="漢字復活">漢字復活</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AD%97%E8%AC%8E" class="mw-redirect" title="字謎">字謎</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-below" style="font-weight:normal"> <span style="color:var(--color-error,#FF0000);">注意</span>：本條目可能有部分字元無法顯示，若遇此情況請參閱<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Unicode%E6%93%B4%E5%B1%95%E6%BC%A2%E5%AD%97" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:Unicode擴展漢字">Wikipedia:Unicode擴展漢字</a>。</td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar" style="line-height:1.6"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r84244141">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:110%;margin:0 8em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:110%;margin:0 5em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:%E6%B1%89%E5%AD%97" title="Template:汉字"><abbr title="查看该模板">查</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:%E6%B1%89%E5%AD%97" title="Template talk:汉字"><abbr title="讨论该模板">论</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BC%96%E8%BE%91%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2/Template:%E6%B1%89%E5%AD%97" title="Special:编辑页面/Template:汉字"><abbr title="编辑该模板">编</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>甲骨文</b>，又称<b>契文</b>、<b>龟甲文字</b>、<b>殷墟文字</b><sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>、<b>甲骨卜辭</b>，為<a href="/wiki/%E5%95%86%E6%9C%9D" title="商朝">商朝</a>晚期王室用於<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%A0%E5%8D%9C" title="占卜">占卜</a>記事而在龜甲或獸骨上契刻的<a href="/wiki/%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97" title="文字">文字</a>，是中國乃至於整個東亞已知最早的成體系的成熟文字。商代<a href="/wiki/%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97" title="文字">文字</a>上承原始刻符號，下啟西周文字，是漢字發展的關鍵形態。現成熟的<a href="/wiki/%E6%BC%A2%E5%AD%97" class="mw-redirect" title="漢字">今文字</a>或說<a href="/wiki/%E6%A5%B7%E6%9B%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="楷書">楷書</a>即由商代文字漸漸演變而來。除了甲骨文，商代文字也包括商代<a href="/wiki/%E9%87%91%E6%96%87" title="金文">金文</a>，是通常比甲骨文更正式的書體。 </p><p>一般認為，晚清官員、金石學家<a href="/wiki/%E7%8E%8B%E6%87%BF%E6%A6%AE" class="mw-redirect" title="王懿榮">王懿榮</a>於<a href="/wiki/%E5%85%89%E7%B7%92" class="mw-redirect" title="光緒">光緒</a>二十五年（1899年）從來自<a href="/wiki/%E6%B2%B3%E5%8D%97%E7%9C%81" title="河南省">河南</a><a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%89%E9%98%B3%E5%B8%82" title="安阳市">安陽</a>的甲骨上發現了甲骨文。安陽城西北的小屯村，是商晚期<a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%8B%E9%83%BD" class="mw-redirect" title="國都">國都</a>遺址“<a href="/wiki/%E6%AE%B7%E5%A2%9F" title="殷墟">殷墟</a>”的所在，考古發掘及其他途徑出土的甲骨已超過十萬塊。此外，在河南其他地方也有例如狩獵旅行、獻祭、戰爭或其他事件的記錄。这些甲骨文年代被确定为從商晚期<a href="/wiki/%E6%AD%A6%E4%B8%81" title="武丁">武丁</a>在位开始（约前1250－前1200年）延續到<a href="/wiki/%E6%98%A5%E7%A7%8B%E6%97%B6%E6%9C%9F" title="春秋时期">春秋</a><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 。 </p><p>甲骨文的發現，促進了各國學者對中國上古史和古文字學等領域的深入研究，并開創了一門嶄新學科—<a href="/wiki/%E7%94%B2%E9%AA%A8%E5%AD%A6" title="甲骨学">甲骨學</a>。 </p><p>2006年時，有考古學者、古文學者指出，<a href="/wiki/%E9%99%B6%E6%96%87" title="陶文">陶文</a>及<a href="/wiki/%E8%B3%88%E6%B9%96%E5%A5%91%E5%88%BB%E7%AC%A6%E8%99%9F" class="mw-redirect" title="賈湖契刻符號">賈湖契刻符號</a>可與甲骨文同爭<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9C%8B" title="中國">中國</a>及大<a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%B1%E4%BA%9E%E6%96%87%E5%8C%96%E5%9C%88" class="mw-redirect" title="東亞文化圈">東亞文化圈</a>之最早文字。<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="發現與命名"><span id=".E7.99.BC.E7.8F.BE.E8.88.87.E5.91.BD.E5.90.8D"></span>發現與命名</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%94%B2%E9%AA%A8%E6%96%87&action=edit&section=1" title="编辑章节：發現與命名"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>全世界目前已发现的殷商甲骨文字約5000字，但真正被释读出来的字数不到2000字。而在已经破译的甲骨文中，也有一批尚有争议<sup id="cite_ref-h_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-h-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p><p>甲骨文自發現以來，學者從不同角度提出過多種不同命名： </p> <ul><li>從書寫材料角度，其文字刻寫於<a href="/wiki/%E9%BE%9C" class="mw-redirect" title="龜">龜</a>腹背甲和獸骨之上，因而有龜甲文字、龜版文、龜甲獸骨文字等名稱。</li> <li>從文字用途角度，其文字用於<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%A0%E5%8D%9C" title="占卜">占卜</a>記錄，因而有卜辭、貞卜文字、甲骨卜辭等名稱。</li> <li>從書寫方式角度，其文字為刀筆刻劃，因而有契文、殷契文字等名稱。</li> <li>从文字发现位置角度，甲骨文大多出土于河南安阳小屯村殷墟遗址，因而有殷墟卜辞、殷墟书契、殷墟文字，简称卜辞、殷契、契文。</li></ul> <p>民國十年（1921年）12月25日，史學家<a href="/wiki/%E9%99%B8%E6%87%8B%E5%BE%B7" class="mw-redirect" title="陸懋德">陸懋德</a>在北京《晨报副刊》發表的“甲骨文之发现及其价值”中首次提出「甲骨文」一詞。隨後，<a href="/wiki/%E7%8E%8B%E5%9C%8B%E7%B6%AD" class="mw-redirect" title="王國維">王國維</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E9%83%AD%E6%B2%AB%E8%8B%A5" title="郭沫若">郭沫若</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E8%91%A3%E4%BD%9C%E8%B3%93" title="董作賓">董作賓</a>等人陸續在著作中使用，該詞逐漸被學術界和大眾認可，成為通用的名稱。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="歷史"><span id=".E6.AD.B7.E5.8F.B2"></span>歷史</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%94%B2%E9%AA%A8%E6%96%87&action=edit&section=2" title="编辑章节：歷史"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="起源"><span id=".E8.B5.B7.E6.BA.90"></span>起源</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%94%B2%E9%AA%A8%E6%96%87&action=edit&section=3" title="编辑章节：起源"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>由於甲骨文本身已經是一種發展得非常成熟的文字系統，所以學者認為它應該是起源於一種更原始的文字。2003年至2006年間，浙江省文物考古研究所與平湖市博物館對位於<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9C%8B" title="中國">中國</a><a href="/wiki/%E6%B5%99%E6%B1%9F%E7%9C%81" title="浙江省">浙江省</a><a href="/wiki/%E5%B9%B3%E6%B9%96%E5%B8%82" title="平湖市">平湖市</a><a href="/wiki/%E6%9E%97%E5%9F%AD%E9%95%87" title="林埭镇">林埭鎮</a><a href="/wiki/%E5%BA%84%E6%A1%A5%E5%9D%9F%E9%81%97%E5%9D%80" title="庄桥坟遗址">莊橋墳遺址</a>的大型<a href="/wiki/%E8%89%AF%E6%B8%9A%E6%96%87%E5%8C%96" title="良渚文化">良渚文化</a>遺址發掘，發現240多件器物有刻畫符號，被認為可能是甲骨文的其中一個可能的起源，被稱為「<a href="/wiki/%E8%89%AF%E6%B8%9A%E5%8E%9F%E5%A7%8B%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97" class="mw-redirect" title="良渚原始文字">良渚原始文字</a>」<sup id="cite_ref-ettoday_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ettoday-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。美國學者<a href="/wiki/%E5%90%89%E5%BE%B7%E7%82%9C" title="吉德炜">吉德煒</a>（David Noel Keightley）認為殷商甲骨文源自於良渚文字。 </p><p>中華人民共和國學者<a href="/wiki/%E5%94%90%E5%85%B0" title="唐兰">唐蘭</a>與<a href="/wiki/%E8%A3%98%E9%8C%AB%E5%9C%AD" class="mw-redirect" title="裘錫圭">裘錫圭</a>認為，甲骨文源於<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E6%B1%B6%E5%8F%A3%E9%99%B6%E6%96%87" title="大汶口陶文">大汶口陶文</a>。裘錫圭認為，良渚文字的結構與中原系統文字不同，為漢字先驅，但不是殷商甲骨文與現代漢字的直系先祖<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。<a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%8E%E5%AD%A6%E5%8B%A4" title="李学勤">李學勤</a>主張，良渚文字演變為大汶口陶文，再演變成殷商甲骨文。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="塵封"><span id=".E5.A1.B5.E5.B0.81"></span>塵封</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%94%B2%E9%AA%A8%E6%96%87&action=edit&section=4" title="编辑章节：塵封"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Zhou-inscription.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Zhou-inscription.png/170px-Zhou-inscription.png" decoding="async" width="170" height="221" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Zhou-inscription.png/255px-Zhou-inscription.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Zhou-inscription.png/340px-Zhou-inscription.png 2x" data-file-width="411" data-file-height="534" /></a><figcaption>周朝手刻版<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></figcaption></figure> <p>《<a href="/wiki/%E7%A6%AE%E8%A8%98" class="mw-redirect" title="禮記">禮記</a>·表記》載：「殷人尊神，率民以事神，先鬼而後禮。」現在已知殷商<a href="/wiki/%E5%90%9B%E4%B8%BB" title="君主">君王</a>在處理大小事務之前，都要用甲骨進行占卜，祈問鬼神，常命<a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%AB%E5%B8%AB" class="mw-redirect" title="巫師">巫師</a>在龜甲獸骨上鑽洞燒灼，形成裂痕。巫師根據裂痕分辨<a href="/wiki/%E7%A5%9E%E8%AB%AD" title="神諭">神諭</a>，事後將所問之事契刻於甲骨上。商亡之後，占卜在<a href="/wiki/%E5%91%A8%E6%9C%9D" title="周朝">周代</a>逐漸絕跡，其文字也逐漸不為人知。甲骨文最早出土於何時，目前尚無定論。河南安陽<a href="/wiki/%E6%AE%B7%E5%A2%9F" title="殷墟">殷墟</a>一帶，自<a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%97%E5%AE%8B" title="北宋">北宋</a>以來就不斷發現商代<a href="/wiki/%E9%9D%92%E9%8A%85%E5%99%A8" class="mw-redirect" title="青銅器">銅器</a><sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>，當地在千百年前即有甲骨出土是完全有可能的。但直到清末，歷代學者都沒有注意到甲骨文的存在。<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="重現"><span id=".E9.87.8D.E7.8F.BE"></span>重現</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%94%B2%E9%AA%A8%E6%96%87&action=edit&section=5" title="编辑章节：重現"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>學術界基本認同清末官員、金石學家<a href="/wiki/%E7%8E%8B%E6%87%BF%E6%A6%AE" class="mw-redirect" title="王懿榮">王懿榮</a>是甲骨文的最早發現者。<sup id="cite_ref-劉鶚_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-劉鶚-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>而關於具體發現過程則有兩說。 </p><p>第一說源於<a href="/wiki/%E5%8A%89%E9%B6%9A" class="mw-redirect" title="劉鶚">劉鶚</a>的記載。<a href="/wiki/%E5%85%89%E7%B7%92" class="mw-redirect" title="光緒">光緒</a>二十五年（1899年），河南出土龜版之後，被山東<a href="/wiki/%E6%BD%8D%E5%8E%BF" title="潍县">濰縣</a>古董商人范壽軒、范維卿等人收購，并運至北京售賣。時任<a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%8B%E5%AD%90%E7%9B%A3" class="mw-redirect" title="國子監">國子監</a><a href="/wiki/%E7%A5%AD%E9%85%92" title="祭酒">祭酒</a>的王懿榮素來喜好收集古物，通曉金石文字，從古董商手中高價收購了這批甲骨。<sup id="cite_ref-劉鶚_12-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-劉鶚-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-宋建成2020_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-宋建成2020-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>另一說流傳甚廣，與<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E8%97%A5" class="mw-redirect" title="中藥">中藥</a>「龍骨」密不可分。龍骨一般是指遠古<a href="/wiki/%E5%8B%95%E7%89%A9" class="mw-redirect" title="動物">動物</a>的骨骼化石，中醫認為其可以入藥，有治療咳逆、瀉痢、<a href="/wiki/%E4%BE%BF%E8%A1%80" title="便血">便血</a>的作用。<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>後來，甲骨代替龍骨，用於藥用，安陽一帶有人甚至世代以此為業。<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>在這一過程中，甲骨文資料受到了不可估量的損失。<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>光緒二十五年，王懿榮染疾服藥，偶然在中藥中的龍骨上發現了古文字。<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="認定"><span id=".E8.AA.8D.E5.AE.9A"></span>認定</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%94%B2%E9%AA%A8%E6%96%87&action=edit&section=6" title="编辑章节：認定"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>王懿榮爲清末<a href="/wiki/%E7%BF%B0%E6%9E%97" class="mw-disambig" title="翰林">翰林</a>，進士出身，具有深厚的金石學造詣。他在得到甲骨之後，即認定其上文字是比<a href="/wiki/%E7%B1%80%E6%96%87" title="籀文">籀文</a>更加古老的殷商遺物，并開始重金收購有字甲骨，至光緒二十六年（1900年）春，共得到1500片左右。然而，王懿榮尚未對這種文字進行深入研究，即在同年七月<a href="/wiki/%E5%85%AB%E5%9C%8B%E8%81%AF%E8%BB%8D" title="八國聯軍">八國聯軍</a>攻佔北京時自殺殉國。 </p><p>王懿榮對甲骨的收購，逐漸引起學者重視，古董商人則故意隱瞞甲骨出土地，以壟斷貨源，從中漁利。王懿榮好友<a href="/wiki/%E5%8A%89%E9%B6%9A" class="mw-redirect" title="劉鶚">劉鶚</a>等派人到河南多方打探，皆以為甲骨來自河南<a href="/wiki/%E6%B1%A4%E9%98%B4%E5%8E%BF" title="汤阴县">湯陰</a>。後來<a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%85%E6%8C%AF%E7%8E%89" class="mw-redirect" title="羅振玉">羅振玉</a>經過多方查詢，終於確定甲骨出土於河南安陽<a href="/wiki/%E6%B4%B9%E6%B2%B3" title="洹河">洹河</a>之濱的小屯村，這裡與古文獻記載的商朝後期的殷都所在地相吻合。<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="發掘"><span id=".E7.99.BC.E6.8E.98"></span>發掘</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%94%B2%E9%AA%A8%E6%96%87&action=edit&section=7" title="编辑章节：發掘"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>甲骨文的發現引發了當地民間對甲骨的私掘熱潮，各地古董商人、藏家學者紛至沓來，大量收買。據統計，到民國十七年（1928年），已有數萬片甲骨流散各地。 </p><p>同年，<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%A4%AE%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E9%99%A2" title="中央研究院">中央研究院</a>歷史語言研究所成立，創辦人<a href="/wiki/%E5%82%85%E6%96%AF%E5%B9%B4" title="傅斯年">傅斯年</a>很快提出殷墟發掘計劃。8月，在考古學家<a href="/wiki/%E8%91%A3%E4%BD%9C%E8%B3%93" title="董作賓">董作賓</a>領導之下，第一次對殷墟進行了科學發掘，直到民國二十六年（1937年）<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E6%8A%97%E6%97%A5%E6%88%98%E4%BA%89" title="中国抗日战争">抗戰</a>爆發前夕，前后共进行十五次發掘，獲得有字甲骨24918片，尤其是其中民國二十五年的第十三次挖掘，於<a href="/w/index.php?title=YH127%E5%9D%91&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="YH127坑（页面不存在）">YH127坑</a>獲得極重要的巨量甲骨一萬六千餘版，震驚海內外學術界。<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E5%B8%9D%E5%9C%8B%E9%99%B8%E8%BB%8D" title="大日本帝國陸軍">日軍</a>佔領安陽期間，日本方面曾組織日本學者在當地發掘甲骨及其他文物，并將所得運往日本。<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E8%8F%AF%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9C%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="中華人民共和國">中華人民共和國</a>成立後，<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9C%8B%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%B8%E9%99%A2" class="mw-redirect" title="中國科學院">中國科學院</a>等部門繼續開展甲骨發掘工作，共獲得5300多片。此外，河南<a href="/wiki/%E8%BE%89%E5%8E%BF%E5%B8%82" title="辉县市">輝縣</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%81%83%E5%B8%88%E5%8C%BA" title="偃师区">偃師</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%B4%9B%E9%98%B3%E5%B8%82" title="洛阳市">洛陽</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E9%83%91%E5%B7%9E%E5%B8%82" title="郑州市">鄭州</a>二里崗及河北<a href="/wiki/%E8%97%81%E5%9F%8E%E5%8C%BA" title="藁城区">藁城</a>等地的商代遺址也有有字甲骨出土。<a href="/wiki/%E9%99%95%E8%A5%BF%E7%9C%81" title="陕西省">陝西</a><a href="/wiki/%E5%B2%90%E5%B1%B1%E5%8E%BF" title="岐山县">岐山</a>、山西<a href="/wiki/%E6%B4%AA%E6%B4%9E%E5%8E%BF" title="洪洞县">洪洞</a>、北京<a href="/wiki/%E6%98%8C%E5%B9%B3%E5%8C%BA" title="昌平区">昌平</a>等地還發現了<a href="/wiki/%E5%91%A8%E6%9C%9D" title="周朝">周代</a>的有字甲骨。 </p> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <td width="25%" align="center">甲骨時代 </td> <td width="10%" align="center">甲骨佔量 </td></tr> <tr> <td>第1期（27代<a href="/wiki/%E6%AD%A6%E4%B8%81" title="武丁">武丁</a>時代） </td> <td>57％ </td></tr> <tr> <td>第2期（28代<a href="/wiki/%E7%A5%96%E5%BA%9A" title="祖庚">祖庚</a>，29代<a href="/wiki/%E7%A5%96%E7%94%B2" title="祖甲">祖甲</a>兄弟時代） </td> <td>11％ </td></tr> <tr> <td>第3期（30代<a href="/wiki/%E5%BB%AA%E8%BE%9B" title="廪辛">廪辛</a>，31代<a href="/wiki/%E5%BA%B7%E4%B8%81" class="mw-redirect" title="康丁">康丁</a>兄弟時代） </td> <td>12％ </td></tr> <tr> <td>第4期（32代<a href="/wiki/%E6%AD%A6%E4%B9%99" title="武乙">武乙</a>，33代<a href="/wiki/%E6%96%87%E4%B8%81" title="文丁">文丁</a>時代） </td> <td>8％ </td></tr> <tr> <td>第5期（34代<a href="/wiki/%E5%B8%9D%E4%B9%99" title="帝乙">帝乙</a>，35代<a href="/wiki/%E5%B8%9D%E8%BE%9B" title="帝辛">帝辛</a>時代） </td> <td>10％ </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>（<a href="/wiki/%E7%9B%98%E5%BA%9A" title="盘庚">盘庚</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%B0%8F%E8%BE%9B" title="小辛">小辛</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%B0%8F%E4%B9%99" title="小乙">小乙</a>时期的甲骨较少，总共约占<a href="/wiki/%E6%AE%B7%E5%A2%9F" title="殷墟">殷墟</a>甲骨的2％。) </p> <figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Frame"><a href="/wiki/File:Oracle_bone_graphs_rotated_90_degrees.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/Oracle_bone_graphs_rotated_90_degrees.svg/606px-Oracle_bone_graphs_rotated_90_degrees.svg.png" decoding="async" width="606" height="54" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/Oracle_bone_graphs_rotated_90_degrees.svg/909px-Oracle_bone_graphs_rotated_90_degrees.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/Oracle_bone_graphs_rotated_90_degrees.svg/1212px-Oracle_bone_graphs_rotated_90_degrees.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="606" data-file-height="54" /></a><figcaption>這些甲骨文分別為（從左至右）：馬、虎、豕、犬、鼠、象、豸、龜、爿(床)、為、疾</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="收藏"><span id=".E6.94.B6.E8.97.8F"></span>收藏</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%94%B2%E9%AA%A8%E6%96%87&action=edit&section=8" title="编辑章节：收藏"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Shang-Orakelknochen_excerpt_adjusted_for_contrast.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Shang-Orakelknochen_excerpt_adjusted_for_contrast.jpg/150px-Shang-Orakelknochen_excerpt_adjusted_for_contrast.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="270" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Shang-Orakelknochen_excerpt_adjusted_for_contrast.jpg/225px-Shang-Orakelknochen_excerpt_adjusted_for_contrast.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/be/Shang-Orakelknochen_excerpt_adjusted_for_contrast.jpg 2x" data-file-width="266" data-file-height="478" /></a><figcaption>德國收藏的甲骨文</figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/wiki/%E9%99%88%E6%A2%A6%E5%AE%B6" title="陈梦家">陈梦家</a>曾估计为10万片<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。甲骨发掘存世的有十五萬四千片<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>，其中<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E5%A4%A7%E9%99%86" title="中国大陆">中國大陆</a>藏有十萬多片，<a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%B0%E6%B9%BE" class="mw-redirect" title="台湾">台湾</a>藏有三萬多片<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>，<a href="/wiki/%E9%A6%99%E6%B8%AF" title="香港">香港</a>藏有90片<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>，其他国家如<a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC" title="日本">日本</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%B1%E5%9C%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="英國">英國</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%B7%E5%9C%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="德國">德國</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%8A%A0%E6%8B%BF%E5%A4%A7" title="加拿大">加拿大</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E7%91%9E%E5%85%B8" title="瑞典">瑞典</a>等12个国家藏有大約兩萬七千多片。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="研究"><span id=".E7.A0.94.E7.A9.B6"></span>研究</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%94%B2%E9%AA%A8%E6%96%87&action=edit&section=9" title="编辑章节：研究"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Shang_Bronze_and_Oracle_Script.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Shang_Bronze_and_Oracle_Script.svg/220px-Shang_Bronze_and_Oracle_Script.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="308" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Shang_Bronze_and_Oracle_Script.svg/330px-Shang_Bronze_and_Oracle_Script.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Shang_Bronze_and_Oracle_Script.svg/440px-Shang_Bronze_and_Oracle_Script.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1125" data-file-height="1575" /></a><figcaption>上方的是商代金文，中間是甲骨文，下方是現代楷書；這是各個不同字體的差異對比</figcaption></figure> <p>孫詒讓的甲骨文研究主要反映在他的《契文举例》和《名原》两部著作中。《契文举例》成书于光绪甲辰年（1904），全书分为上下两卷，共十篇：释日月、释贞、释卜事、释鬼神、释人、释官、释地、释礼（以上上卷）、释文字、杂例（以上下卷）。其中《释日月》主要解释干支字及纪日纪月法；《释贞》考释甲骨占卜制度及辞例；《释卜事》考释甲骨占卜的内容范围；《释鬼神》考释甲骨卜辞中涉及的鬼神祭祀对象；《释人》考释卜辞中所涉及的人物；《释官》考释卜辞中所涉及的官名；《释地》考释卜辞中所涉及的方国及地名；《释礼》考释卜辞中涉及的典礼制度。以上各篇从标题看好像是讨论甲骨卜辞所反应的内容和相关的商代文化制度，但事实上是在考释文字的基础上来谈的，宗旨仍在于文字考释。下卷《释文字》以考释一般文字为主，其中有少数文字的考释在上卷各篇中已经涉及；《杂例》仍考释甲骨占卜之例。从今天的眼光来看，《契文举例》我们主要是看作孙氏甲骨文字考释的专著。 </p><p>《名原》撰写于光绪乙巳年（1905），是在《契文举例》的基础上而写成的，可以看作是一部纯粹的文字学著作。孙氏在《叙录》中谈到该书的创作主旨： </p><p>自宋以来，彝器文间出，考释家或据以补正许书之讹阙。迩年又有龟甲文出土，尤简渻奇诡，间有原始象形字。或定为商时契刻，然亦三代瑑迹尔。余少耆读金文，近又获见龟甲文，咸有撰录。每惜仓沮旧文不可复睹，窃思以商周文字展转变易之迹，上推书契之初轨，沈思博览，时获塙证。……今略摭金文、龟甲文、石鼓文、贵州红岩古刻，与《《说文》》古籀互相校勘，楬其歧异以著省变之原，而会最比属，以寻古文、大小篆沿革之大例。约举辜较，不能备也。 </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Comparison_of_Chinese_characters_for_autumn.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Comparison_of_Chinese_characters_for_autumn.svg/220px-Comparison_of_Chinese_characters_for_autumn.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="344" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Comparison_of_Chinese_characters_for_autumn.svg/330px-Comparison_of_Chinese_characters_for_autumn.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Comparison_of_Chinese_characters_for_autumn.svg/440px-Comparison_of_Chinese_characters_for_autumn.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="346" data-file-height="541" /></a><figcaption>不同時期的秋字</figcaption></figure> <p>可见孙氏意在以金文和甲骨文——尤其是包含较多象形文字的甲骨文——探求汉字造字本原，以补正许慎《说文解字》之失，并考查汉字演变沿革的规律。此书亦分上下二卷，列原始数名、古章原象、象形原始（以上上卷）、古籀撰异、转注楬橥、奇字发微、说文补阙（以上下卷）七篇。孙氏对于金文可以说是非常熟悉的，眼光也很敏锐。《名原》的大多数的讨论都是先举金文，然后再通过偏旁分析和文字形体的类比而涉及甲骨文字。各篇凡涉及对甲骨文字的考释，大多数与《契文举例》是一致的，但也有新的考释，有些地方还修正了《契文举例》中的失误。 </p><p>民国六年（1917年），<a href="/wiki/%E7%8E%8B%E5%9B%BD%E7%BB%B4" title="王国维">王国维</a>發表了第一篇甲骨文研究的學術論文《殷卜辞中所见先公先王考》。王国维利用甲骨文的實物資料證實了<a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%B8%E9%A6%AC%E9%81%B7" title="司馬遷">司馬遷</a>《史記·殷本紀》中對商朝的記載，即自商湯建國到商紂滅亡，有三十一王，歷經六百多年；同時，王國維也更正了一些《史記》中的錯誤，如：上甲以后的世系次序应为“报乙—报丙—报丁—示壬—示癸”，《史记·殷本纪》误为“报丁—报乙—报丙—主壬—主癸”<sup id="cite_ref-wang_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wang-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>，又發現<a href="/wiki/%E7%8E%8B%E4%BA%A5" title="王亥">王亥</a>之名「乃知王亥為殷之先公」，與《<a href="/wiki/%E5%91%82%E6%B0%8F%E6%98%A5%E7%A7%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="呂氏春秋">呂氏春秋</a>》、《史記·殷本紀》、《三代世表》及《<a href="/wiki/%E6%BC%A2%E6%9B%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="漢書">漢書</a>·古今人表》所記載的胲、核、該、王冰、振和垓，「實係一人」，有“中宗”称号的本来是祖乙，《史记·殷本纪》误为大戊，《史记殷本纪》误康丁为庚丁、误文丁为大丁<sup id="cite_ref-wang_30-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wang-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p><p>早期曾从事甲骨文研究的学者有<a href="/wiki/%E7%BD%97%E6%8C%AF%E7%8E%89" title="罗振玉">罗振玉</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%81%E5%B1%B1" class="mw-disambig" title="丁山">丁山</a>、<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%AD%A6%E9%BE%99%E7%AB%A0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="武龙章（页面不存在）">武龙章</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E7%8E%8B%E8%A5%84" title="王襄">王襄</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%95%86%E6%89%BF%E6%9F%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="商承柞">商承柞</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%B6%E7%8E%89%E6%A3%AE" title="叶玉森">叶玉森</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E9%99%86%E6%87%8B%E5%BE%B7" title="陆懋德">陆懋德</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E8%83%A1%E5%85%89%E7%82%9C" class="mw-redirect" title="胡光炜">胡光煒</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E7%A8%8B%E6%86%AC" title="程憬">程憬</a>、<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%9E%97%E4%B9%89%E5%85%89&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="林义光（页面不存在）">林义光</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%9F%AF%E6%98%8C%E6%B5%8E" title="柯昌济">柯昌济</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E9%A9%AC%E8%A1%A1" title="马衡">马衡</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%B9%E5%BA%9A" title="容庚">容庚</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E9%97%BB%E5%AE%A5" title="闻宥">闻宥</a>、<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BD%99%E6%B0%B8%E6%A2%81&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="余永梁（页面不存在）">余永梁</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E9%99%88%E9%82%A6%E6%80%80" title="陈邦怀">陈邦怀</a>、<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%99%88%E9%82%A6%E7%A6%8F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="陈邦福（页面不存在）">陈邦福</a>、<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%BC%B5%E9%B3%B3_(%E5%AD%B8%E8%80%85)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="張鳳 (學者)（页面不存在）">张凤</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E7%BD%97%E7%A6%8F%E6%88%90" title="罗福成">罗福成</a>等人。<a href="/wiki/%E7%8E%8B%E8%A5%84" title="王襄">王襄</a>還著有《甲骨文字典》以及《室殷契征征文》。1904年，<a href="/wiki/%E5%AD%AB%E8%A9%92%E8%AE%93" class="mw-redirect" title="孫詒讓">孫詒讓</a>依據《鐵雲藏龜》，寫成《契文舉例》一書。<a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%85%E6%8C%AF%E7%8E%89" class="mw-redirect" title="羅振玉">羅振玉</a>著《殷墟書契》、《殷墟書契奢華》、《鐵雲藏龜之餘》、《殷商占卜文字考》、《殷墟書契考釋》等有關甲骨文的書。董作賓著有《殷虛文字甲編》、《殷虛文字乙編》、《殷虛文字外編》。1933年董作宾在《甲骨文断代研究例》中提出的十项标准，即：<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%96%E7%B3%BB" title="世系">世系</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E7%A7%B0%E8%B0%93" title="称谓">称谓</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E8%B4%9E%E4%BA%BA" title="贞人">贞人</a>、坑位、<a href="/wiki/%E6%96%B9%E5%9B%BD" title="方国">方国</a>、人物、事类、文法、字形、书体，其核心断代标准是：世系、称谓、贞人，並依此把甲骨文分为五期——第一期：武丁及以前，第二期：祖庚、祖甲；第三期：癛辛、康丁；第四期: 武乙、文丁；第五期：帝乙、帝辛。金石学者<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%8E%8B%E6%9C%AC%E5%85%B4&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="王本兴（页面不存在）">王本兴</a>把已有定论的甲骨文字归集成册，编成《甲骨文字典》，与北京工艺美术出版社<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%88%98%E8%89%B3%E9%9C%9E&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="刘艳霞（页面不存在）">刘艳霞</a>合作增加了汉语拼音索引，使检索更容易，开创了甲骨文拼音索引编典的先河。1931年，<a href="/wiki/%E5%91%A8%E4%BA%88%E5%90%8C" title="周予同">周予同</a>《關於甲骨學》一文提出「<a href="/wiki/%E7%94%B2%E9%AA%A8%E5%AD%A6" title="甲骨学">甲骨學</a>」這個名詞。<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%9C%B1%E8%8A%B3%E5%9C%83&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="朱芳圃（页面不存在）">朱芳圃</a>在1933年出版了专著《甲骨学文字编》，1935年又出版了《甲骨学商史编》。<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <td width="25%" align="center">董作賓 </td> <td width="25%" align="center">陳夢家 </td> <td width="25%" align="center">李學勤 </td></tr> <tr> <td>一期（27代武丁時代） </td> <td>賓組, 武丁卜辭 </td> <td>賓組 </td></tr> <tr> <td>二期，文武丁卜辞 </td> <td>出组，庚甲卜辞 </td> <td>出组 </td></tr> <tr> <td>三期（30代祖辛，31代康丁兄弟時代） </td> <td>康丁卜辞、何组，廪辛卜辞 </td> <td>无名组、何组 </td></tr> <tr> <td>四期（32代武乙，33代文武丁時代） </td> <td>子组、武组、武文卜辞 </td> <td>何組、武组、历组 </td></tr> <tr> <td>五期（34代帝乙，35代帝辛親子時代） </td> <td>乙辛卜辭 </td> <td>黃組 </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>目前发现有大约15万片甲骨，甲骨文有4,672个单字，其中1,723個字可隸定，大部分的字義仍不可解。<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>甲骨文使用了<a href="/wiki/%E8%B1%A1%E5%BD%A2%E5%AD%97" class="mw-redirect" title="象形字">象形</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%8C%87%E4%BA%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="指事">指事</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E5%85%AD%E6%9B%B8" title="六書">会意</a>等汉字造字的方法。在字的使用上可以看出<a href="/wiki/%E5%81%87%E5%80%9F" class="mw-redirect" title="假借">假借</a>的造字方法。<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><a href="/wiki/%E5%BD%A2%E8%81%B2" class="mw-redirect" title="形聲">形声</a>字占20%到25％左右<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。中国商代和西周早期以龟甲來記載，甲骨的內容涉及<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A9%E6%96%87" class="mw-redirect" title="天文">天文</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%94%E8%B1%A1" class="mw-redirect" title="气象">气象</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%B0%E7%90%86" class="mw-redirect" title="地理">地理</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E8%81%8C%E5%AE%98" title="职官">职官</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E7%95%9C%E7%89%A7" class="mw-redirect" title="畜牧">畜牧</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%97%E6%95%99" title="宗教">宗教</a>等方面。甲骨文的<a href="/wiki/%E5%85%AD%E6%9B%B8" title="六書">会意字</a>，求意思明确，甲骨文的体積和甲骨文的繁简往往决定文字的大小<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r83946278">.mw-parser-output .template-facttext{background-color:var(--background-color-neutral,#eaecf0);color:inherit;margin:-.3em 0;padding:.3em 0}</style><sup class="noprint Template-Fact"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E5%88%97%E6%98%8E%E6%9D%A5%E6%BA%90" title="Wikipedia:列明来源"><span style="white-space: nowrap;" title="来源请求。">[來源請求]</span></a></sup>。 </p><p>2017年，中国文字博物馆斥巨资，以“破译单个甲骨文奖励10万元”的天价悬赏一批总量近3500字需要释读的疑难甲骨文，换言之，这次中国文字博物馆悬赏破译甲骨文的奖励基金，将达到3.5亿元人民币<sup id="cite_ref-h_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-h-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="內容"><span id=".E5.85.A7.E5.AE.B9"></span>內容</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%94%B2%E9%AA%A8%E6%96%87&action=edit&section=10" title="编辑章节：內容"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:OracleBone.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/OracleBone.JPG/145px-OracleBone.JPG" decoding="async" width="145" height="233" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/OracleBone.JPG/218px-OracleBone.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/OracleBone.JPG/290px-OracleBone.JPG 2x" data-file-width="398" data-file-height="640" /></a><figcaption>刻在<a href="/wiki/%E8%82%A9%E8%83%9B%E9%AA%A8" title="肩胛骨">肩胛骨</a>上的甲骨文</figcaption></figure> <ul><li>1914年<a href="/wiki/%E7%BD%97%E6%8C%AF%E7%8E%89" title="罗振玉">罗振玉</a>《殷墟书契考释》中释出人、地名外的甲骨文字485个，至1927年的增订本增加到571字。</li></ul> <ul><li>1933年<a href="/wiki/%E8%91%A3%E4%BD%9C%E5%AE%BE" class="mw-redirect" title="董作宾">董作宾</a>发表论文《甲骨文断代研究例》，提出了“贞人集团”的概念。<a href="/wiki/%E8%B4%9E%E4%BA%BA" title="贞人">貞人</a>是商朝記事的史官，代表商朝的知識份子。董作宾论文中提出了除世系、称谓、贞人以外的其他七项断代标准，即坑位、方国、人物、事类、文法、字形、书体。坑位指甲骨出土的地區。文法是指卜辭的文法。書體是甲骨文的書寫風格。</li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E9%99%88%E6%A2%A6%E5%AE%B6" title="陈梦家">陈梦家</a>在《甲骨断代与坑位——甲骨断代学丁篇》一文中创用了“宾组”、“自组”等名称，将董氏提出的一期、二期、三期的贞人集团分别称为“宾组”、“出组”、“何组”。並通过贞人（卜人）来给甲骨分组<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。對於董作宾提出了“文武丁卜辞时代之谜”的分期说，陈梦家提出异议，他把“文武丁卜辞”分为“子组”“㠯组”“午组”三组卜辞，并且认为它们都属于第一期武丁时代。</li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%8E%E5%AD%A6%E5%8B%A4" title="李学勤">李学勤</a>在《论“妇好”墓的年代及有关问题》一文中提出“历组”名称<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>，又在《小屯南地甲骨与甲骨分期》一文中提出了“无名组”名称。李学勤认为陈梦家所分出的宾组、自组、出组、何组、黄组，必須再加上历组、无名组。</li></ul> <ul><li><b>黄尹</b>一词在殷商甲骨文中大量出现，<a href="/wiki/%E9%83%AD%E6%B2%AB%E8%8B%A5" title="郭沫若">郭沫若</a>、<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%90%B4%E4%B8%BD%E5%A9%89&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="吴丽婉（页面不存在）">吴丽婉</a>则认为是<a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%8A%E5%B0%B9" title="伊尹">伊尹</a>的另一个称谓<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。又有學者指應為「寅尹」；<a href="/wiki/%E8%94%A1%E5%93%B2%E8%8C%82" title="蔡哲茂">蔡哲茂</a>則認同<a href="/wiki/%E5%BC%B5%E6%94%BF%E7%83%BA" title="張政烺">張政烺</a>看法，認為伊尹身為黃族首領，實為商王<a href="/wiki/%E6%AD%A6%E4%B8%81" title="武丁">武丁</a>的聯姻對象，後世傳說他有廚師身分則不足徵。<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>李元星认为“黄尹”是<a href="/wiki/%E9%BB%84%E5%B8%9D" title="黄帝">黄帝</a><sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。</li></ul> <ul><li>殷墟的甲骨上刻的並不完全是卜辭，也有战争的记事残文，例如《甲骨文合集》编号“36481正、反”收錄的“小臣墙刻辞”。<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>甲骨文中有“黃示”一詞，丁山認為黃示即是黃神，指黃帝<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="異議"><span id=".E7.95.B0.E8.AD.B0"></span>異議</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%94%B2%E9%AA%A8%E6%96%87&action=edit&section=11" title="编辑章节：異議"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>黃奇逸在《商周研究之批判——中國古文字的產生與發展》一書中，提出甲骨文不是卜辭而是「錄辭」的結論，並舉出了甲骨文舊體系在文字考釋中常犯的錯誤，比如不該出現假借字，如「有」字被通假為又、侑、尤、祐。比如釋讀出一個字，若在其他文句中不通，則采取各種方法讓它硬通，若無法讀通，則置之不理，等等。</li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%92%A9%E6%95%88%E6%AD%A6&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="璩效武（页面不存在）">璩效武</a>《甲骨文字辨釋》以甲骨文單字、成句乃至全版釋讀例証，提出甲骨文是殷商政府及商王室文檔的觀點，試圖推翻甲骨文是卜辭的定論。</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="学者"><span id=".E5.AD.A6.E8.80.85"></span>学者</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%94%B2%E9%AA%A8%E6%96%87&action=edit&section=12" title="编辑章节：学者"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>早期：<a href="/wiki/%E5%88%98%E9%B9%97" title="刘鹗">劉鶚</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E7%94%B2%E9%AA%A8%E5%9B%9B%E5%A0%82" title="甲骨四堂">甲骨四堂</a>（<a href="/wiki/%E7%BD%97%E6%8C%AF%E7%8E%89" title="罗振玉">罗振玉</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E7%8E%8B%E5%9B%BD%E7%BB%B4" title="王国维">王国维</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E9%83%AD%E6%B2%AB%E8%8B%A5" title="郭沫若">郭沫若</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E8%91%A3%E4%BD%9C%E5%AE%BE" class="mw-redirect" title="董作宾">董作宾</a>）、<a href="/wiki/%E5%AD%AB%E8%A9%92%E8%AE%93" class="mw-redirect" title="孫詒讓">孫詒讓</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E7%8E%8B%E8%A5%84" title="王襄">王襄</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E7%99%BD%E5%B7%9D%E9%9D%9C" title="白川靜">白川靜</a>、<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%9C%B1%E8%8A%B3%E5%9C%83&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="朱芳圃（页面不存在）">朱芳圃</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%90%B4%E5%85%B6%E6%98%8C" title="吴其昌">吳其昌</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%85%A7%E8%97%A4%E6%B9%96%E5%8D%97" title="內藤湖南">内藤湖南</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%94%90%E5%85%B0" title="唐兰">唐兰</a>、<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%98%8E%E7%BE%A9%E5%A3%AB&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="明義士（页面不存在）">明義士</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%81%E5%B1%B1" class="mw-disambig" title="丁山">丁山</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%B1%88%E8%90%AC%E9%87%8C" title="屈萬里">屈萬里</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E8%B2%9D%E5%A1%9A%E8%8C%82%E6%A8%B9" title="貝塚茂樹">貝塚茂樹</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E8%83%A1%E5%85%89%E7%82%9C" class="mw-redirect" title="胡光炜">胡光煒</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%A8%E6%A0%91%E8%BE%BE" title="杨树达">杨树达</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%B9%E5%BA%9A" title="容庚">容庚</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%8E%E7%9C%81%E5%90%BE" title="于省吾">于省吾</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E9%99%88%E6%A2%A6%E5%AE%B6" title="陈梦家">陈梦家</a>、<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%9B%BE%E6%AF%85%E5%85%AC&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="曾毅公（页面不存在）">曾毅公</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E9%99%B3%E9%82%A6%E6%87%B7" class="mw-redirect" title="陳邦懷">陳邦懷</a>、<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%AD%99%E6%B5%B7%E6%B3%A2_(1911%E5%B9%B4)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="孙海波 (1911年)（页面不存在）">孫海波</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%90%E4%B8%AD%E8%88%92" title="徐中舒">徐中舒</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E8%83%A1%E5%8E%9A%E5%AE%A3" title="胡厚宣">胡厚宣</a>、<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%9D%8E%E5%AD%9D%E5%AE%9A&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="李孝定（页面不存在）">李孝定</a>、<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%BC%A0%E7%A7%89%E6%9D%83&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="张秉权（页面不存在）">张秉权</a>、<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%87%91%E7%A5%A5%E6%81%92&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="金祥恒（页面不存在）">金祥恒</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%B3%B6%E9%82%A6%E7%94%B7" title="島邦男">島邦男</a>、<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%9D%BE%E4%B8%B8%E9%81%93%E9%9B%84&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="松丸道雄（页面不存在）">松丸道雄</a>、<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A7%9A%E5%AD%9D%E9%81%82&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="姚孝遂（页面不存在）">姚孝遂</a>、<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8A%89%E6%B7%B5%E8%87%A8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="劉淵臨（页面不存在）">劉淵臨</a>等。 </p><p>现今：<a href="/wiki/%E9%A5%B6%E5%AE%97%E9%A2%90" class="mw-redirect" title="饶宗颐">饶宗颐</a>（<a href="/wiki/%E9%A6%99%E6%B8%AF%E4%B8%AD%E6%96%87%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%B8" title="香港中文大學">香港中文大學</a>）、<a href="/wiki/%E8%A3%98%E9%94%A1%E5%9C%AD" title="裘锡圭">裘锡圭</a>（<a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%A9%E6%97%A6%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="復旦大學">復旦大學</a>出土文獻與古文字研究中心）、<a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%8E%E5%AD%A6%E5%8B%A4" title="李学勤">李学勤</a>（<a href="/wiki/%E6%B8%85%E8%8F%AF%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="清華大學">清華大學</a>）、<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%9E%97%E6%BE%90&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="林澐（页面不存在）">林澐</a>（<a href="/wiki/%E5%90%89%E6%9E%97%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="吉林大學">吉林大學</a>）、<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%90%B3%E6%8C%AF%E6%AD%A6_(%E5%AD%B8%E8%80%85)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="吳振武 (學者)（页面不存在）">吳振武</a>（吉林大學）、<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%99%B3%E7%85%92%E6%B9%9B&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="陳煒湛（页面不存在）">陳煒湛</a>（<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%B1%B1%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="中山大學">中山大學</a>）、<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%9D%8E%E5%AE%B6%E6%B5%A9&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="李家浩（页面不存在）">李家浩</a>（<a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%97%E4%BA%AC%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="北京大學">北京大學</a>）、<a href="/wiki/%E9%BB%84%E5%A4%A9%E6%A0%91" title="黄天树">黄天树</a>（<a href="/wiki/%E9%A6%96%E9%83%BD%E5%B8%AB%E7%AF%84%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="首都師範大學">首都師範大學</a>）、<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%B6%99%E8%AA%A0_(%E5%AD%B8%E8%80%85)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="趙誠 (學者)（页面不存在）">趙誠</a>（<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E8%8F%AF%E6%9B%B8%E5%B1%80" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="中華書局">中華書局</a>）、<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%8F%E5%90%AB%E5%A4%B7" title="夏含夷">夏含夷</a>（<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%8A%9D%E5%8A%A0%E5%93%A5%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%B8%E6%9D%B1%E4%BA%9E%E8%AA%9E%E8%A8%80%E6%96%87%E6%98%8E%E7%B3%BB&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="芝加哥大學東亞語言文明系（页面不存在）">芝加哥大學東亞語言文明系</a>）、<a href="/wiki/%E9%83%91%E6%8C%AF%E9%A6%99" title="郑振香">鄭振香</a>（<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E7%A4%BE%E4%BC%9A%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%A6%E9%99%A2%E8%80%83%E5%8F%A4%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E6%89%80" title="中国社会科学院考古研究所">中國社會科學院考古研究所</a>）、<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8A%89%E4%B8%80%E6%9B%BC&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="劉一曼（页面不存在）">劉一曼</a>（中國社會科學院考古研究所）、<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%9B%B9%E5%AE%9A%E4%BA%91&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="曹定云（页面不存在）">曹定云</a>（中國社會科學院考古研究所）、<a href="/wiki/%E7%8E%8B%E5%AE%87%E4%BF%A1" title="王宇信">王宇信</a>（<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9C%8B%E7%A4%BE%E6%9C%83%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%B8%E9%99%A2" class="mw-redirect" title="中國社會科學院">中國社會科學院</a>歷史研究所）、<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%AD%9F%E4%B8%96%E5%87%B1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="孟世凱（页面不存在）">孟世凱</a>（中國社會科學院歷史研究所）、<a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%8B%E9%95%87%E8%B1%AA" title="宋镇豪">宋鎮豪</a>（中國社會科學院歷史研究所）、<a href="/wiki/%E8%94%A1%E5%93%B2%E8%8C%82" title="蔡哲茂">蔡哲茂</a>（<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%A4%AE%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E9%99%A2%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E8%AA%9E%E8%A8%80%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E6%89%80" title="中央研究院歷史語言研究所">中央研究院歷史語言研究所</a>）、<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%9D%8E%E5%AE%97%E7%84%9C&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="李宗焜（页面不存在）">李宗焜</a>（中央研究院歷史語言研究所）、<a href="/wiki/%E8%A8%B1%E9%80%B2%E9%9B%84" title="許進雄">許進雄</a>（<a href="/wiki/%E8%87%BA%E7%81%A3%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="臺灣大學">臺灣大學</a>）、<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%9C%B1%E6%AD%A7%E7%A5%A5&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="朱歧祥（页面不存在）">朱歧祥</a>（<a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%B1%E6%B5%B7%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%B8_(%E5%8F%B0%E7%81%A3)" title="東海大學 (台灣)">東海大學</a>）、<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="高嶋謙一" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Ken-ichi Takashima"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%AB%98%E5%B6%8B%E8%AC%99%E4%B8%80&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="高嶋謙一（页面不存在）">高嶋謙一</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">（</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ken-ichi_Takashima" class="extiw" title="en:Ken-ichi Takashima"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Ken-ichi Takashima</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">）</span></span></span>（<a href="/wiki/%E5%8A%A0%E6%8B%BF%E5%A4%A7" title="加拿大">加拿大</a><a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%B1%E5%B1%AC%E5%93%A5%E5%80%AB%E6%AF%94%E4%BA%9E%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="英屬哥倫比亞大學">英屬哥倫比亞大學</a>）、<a href="/wiki/%E9%BB%84%E5%BE%B7%E5%AE%BD" title="黄德宽">黃德寬</a>（<a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%89%E5%BE%BD%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%A6" title="安徽大学">安徽大學</a>）、<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8A%89%E9%87%97_(%E5%AD%B8%E8%80%85)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="劉釗 (學者)（页面不存在）">刘钊</a>（復旦大學出土文獻與古文字研究中心）、<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B2%88%E5%9F%B9&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="沈培（页面不存在）">沈培</a>（香港中文大学）、<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%99%B3%E5%8A%8D_(%E5%AD%B8%E8%80%85)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="陳劍 (學者)（页面不存在）">陈剑</a>（復旦大學出土文獻與古文字研究中心）、<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%9D%8E%E6%B4%AA%E7%90%AA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="李洪琪（页面不存在）">李洪琪</a>（西安交通大學）等等。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="相關參考論著資料"><span id=".E7.9B.B8.E9.97.9C.E5.8F.83.E8.80.83.E8.AB.96.E8.91.97.E8.B3.87.E6.96.99"></span>相關參考論著資料</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%94%B2%E9%AA%A8%E6%96%87&action=edit&section=13" title="编辑章节：相關參考論著資料"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>與甲骨文相關的參考文獻包括：<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="拓本、合集"><span id=".E6.8B.93.E6.9C.AC.E3.80.81.E5.90.88.E9.9B.86"></span>拓本、合集</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%94%B2%E9%AA%A8%E6%96%87&action=edit&section=14" title="编辑章节：拓本、合集"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>郭沫若主編、胡厚宣總編輯：《<a href="/wiki/%E7%94%B2%E9%AA%A8%E6%96%87%E5%90%88%E9%9B%86" title="甲骨文合集">甲骨文合集</a>》</li> <li>中國社會科學院考古研究所：《小屯南地甲骨》，《殷墟花園莊東地甲骨》，《殷墟小屯村中村南甲骨》</li> <li>島邦男：《殷墟卜辭綜類》</li> <li>姚孝遂主編：《殷墟甲骨刻辭摹釋總集》<br />（收有《甲骨文合集》、《小屯南地甲骨》、英國《英國所藏甲骨集》、加拿大《懷特氏等所藏甲骨文集》、日本《東京大學東洋文化研究所藏甲骨文字》）</li> <li>姚孝遂主編：《殷墟甲骨刻辭類纂》（按類別分類）</li> <li>宋鎮豪：《甲骨文獻集成》</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="通釋"><span id=".E9.80.9A.E9.87.8B"></span>通釋</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%94%B2%E9%AA%A8%E6%96%87&action=edit&section=15" title="编辑章节：通釋"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>李孝定：《甲骨文字集釋》</li> <li>于省吾：《甲骨文字釋林》</li> <li>于省吾主編、姚孝遂按語編纂：《甲骨文字詁林》</li> <li>松丸道雄：《甲骨文字字釋綜覽》</li> <li>孟世凱：《甲骨學辭典》</li> <li>璩效武：《甲骨文字辨釋》</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="通論"><span id=".E9.80.9A.E8.AB.96"></span>通論</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%94%B2%E9%AA%A8%E6%96%87&action=edit&section=16" title="编辑章节：通論"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>陳夢家：《<a href="/wiki/%E6%AE%B7%E8%99%9B%E5%8D%9C%E8%BE%AD%E7%B6%9C%E8%BF%B0" title="殷虛卜辭綜述">殷虛卜辭綜述</a>》</li> <li>張秉權：《甲骨文與甲骨學》</li> <li>王宇信：《甲骨學通論》（修訂本）</li> <li>王宇信主編：《甲骨學一百年》</li> <li>黃奇逸：《商周研究之批判提要》、《商周研究之批判辨疑》</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="字典及文編"><span id=".E5.AD.97.E5.85.B8.E5.8F.8A.E6.96.87.E7.B7.A8"></span>字典及文編</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%94%B2%E9%AA%A8%E6%96%87&action=edit&section=17" title="编辑章节：字典及文編"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>劉鶚：《鐵雲藏龜》</li> <li>孫海波：《甲骨文編》</li> <li>徐中舒：《甲骨文字典》</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="論文集"><span id=".E8.AB.96.E6.96.87.E9.9B.86"></span>論文集</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%94%B2%E9%AA%A8%E6%96%87&action=edit&section=18" title="编辑章节：論文集"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>胡厚宣：《五十年甲骨學論著目》（一八九九-一九四九）</li> <li>王宇信：《新中國甲骨學論著目》（一九四九-一九八六）</li> <li>王宇信：《西周甲骨論著目》</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="圖例"><span id=".E5.9C.96.E4.BE.8B"></span>圖例</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%94%B2%E9%AA%A8%E6%96%87&action=edit&section=19" title="编辑章节：圖例"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:CMOC_Treasures_of_Ancient_China_exhibit_-_oracle_bone_inscription.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="這塊刻著甲骨文的骨頭，是商朝國君占卜十天內是否會有不詳的事發生"><img alt="這塊刻著甲骨文的骨頭，是商朝國君占卜十天內是否會有不詳的事發生" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/CMOC_Treasures_of_Ancient_China_exhibit_-_oracle_bone_inscription.jpg/80px-CMOC_Treasures_of_Ancient_China_exhibit_-_oracle_bone_inscription.jpg" decoding="async" width="80" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/CMOC_Treasures_of_Ancient_China_exhibit_-_oracle_bone_inscription.jpg/120px-CMOC_Treasures_of_Ancient_China_exhibit_-_oracle_bone_inscription.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/CMOC_Treasures_of_Ancient_China_exhibit_-_oracle_bone_inscription.jpg/160px-CMOC_Treasures_of_Ancient_China_exhibit_-_oracle_bone_inscription.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1001" data-file-height="1502" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">這塊刻著甲骨文的骨頭，是商朝國君占卜十天內是否會有不詳的事發生</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Shang_dynasty_inscribed_tortoise_plastron.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="商朝國君武丁用於占卜神諭的龜腹甲"><img alt="商朝國君武丁用於占卜神諭的龜腹甲" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Shang_dynasty_inscribed_tortoise_plastron.jpg/73px-Shang_dynasty_inscribed_tortoise_plastron.jpg" decoding="async" width="73" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Shang_dynasty_inscribed_tortoise_plastron.jpg/109px-Shang_dynasty_inscribed_tortoise_plastron.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Shang_dynasty_inscribed_tortoise_plastron.jpg/145px-Shang_dynasty_inscribed_tortoise_plastron.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1186" data-file-height="1954" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">商朝國君<a href="/wiki/%E6%AD%A6%E4%B8%81" title="武丁">武丁</a>用於占卜神諭的龜腹甲</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:OracleDivining.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="占卜版上的甲骨文"><img alt="占卜版上的甲骨文" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/OracleDivining.jpg/87px-OracleDivining.jpg" decoding="async" width="87" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/OracleDivining.jpg/131px-OracleDivining.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/OracleDivining.jpg/174px-OracleDivining.jpg 2x" data-file-width="465" data-file-height="640" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">占卜版上的甲骨文</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:OracleSun.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="與祈雨相關的甲骨文：「今天，會下雨嗎？」（原文：「貞：今日，其雨？」）[來源請求]"><img alt="與祈雨相關的甲骨文：「今天，會下雨嗎？」（原文：「貞：今日，其雨？」）[來源請求]" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/OracleSun.jpg/80px-OracleSun.jpg" decoding="async" width="80" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/OracleSun.jpg/120px-OracleSun.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/OracleSun.jpg/161px-OracleSun.jpg 2x" data-file-width="429" data-file-height="640" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">與祈雨相關的甲骨文：「今天，會下雨嗎？」<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r83946278"><mark class="template-facttext" title="需要提供文献来源">（原文：「貞：今日，其雨？」）</mark><sup class="noprint Template-Fact"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E5%88%97%E6%98%8E%E6%9D%A5%E6%BA%90" title="Wikipedia:列明来源"><span style="white-space: nowrap;" title="来源请求。">[來源請求]</span></a></sup></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Obi-rain.png" class="mw-file-description" title="與祈雨相關的甲骨文（註解）"><img alt="與祈雨相關的甲骨文（註解）" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Obi-rain.png/77px-Obi-rain.png" decoding="async" width="77" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Obi-rain.png/116px-Obi-rain.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Obi-rain.png/154px-Obi-rain.png 2x" data-file-width="404" data-file-height="628" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">與祈雨相關的甲骨文（註解）</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:OracleSpring.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="春的甲骨文"><img alt="春的甲骨文" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/OracleSpring.jpg/80px-OracleSpring.jpg" decoding="async" width="80" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/OracleSpring.jpg/120px-OracleSpring.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/OracleSpring.jpg/160px-OracleSpring.jpg 2x" data-file-width="426" data-file-height="640" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">春的甲骨文</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:OracleAutumn.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="秋的甲骨文"><img alt="秋的甲骨文" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/OracleAutumn.jpg/102px-OracleAutumn.jpg" decoding="async" width="102" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/OracleAutumn.jpg/152px-OracleAutumn.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/OracleAutumn.jpg/203px-OracleAutumn.jpg 2x" data-file-width="542" data-file-height="640" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">秋的甲骨文</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:OracleWinter.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="冬的甲骨文"><img alt="冬的甲骨文" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/OracleWinter.jpg/120px-OracleWinter.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/OracleWinter.jpg/180px-OracleWinter.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/OracleWinter.jpg/240px-OracleWinter.jpg 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="480" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">冬的甲骨文</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="参見"><span id=".E5.8F.82.E8.A6.8B"></span>参見</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%94%B2%E9%AA%A8%E6%96%87&action=edit&section=20" title="编辑章节：参見"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portal plainlist tright" style="margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em;border:solid #aaa 1px"> <ul style="display:table;box-sizing:border-box;padding:0.1em;max-width:175px;background:var(--background-color-base,#f9f9f9);font-size:85%;line-height:110%;font-weight:bold"> <li style="display:table-row"><span style="display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Globelang.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Globelang.svg/32px-Globelang.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Globelang.svg/48px-Globelang.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Globelang.svg/64px-Globelang.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="378" data-file-height="178" /></a></span></span><span style="display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle"><a href="/wiki/Portal:%E8%AF%AD%E8%A8%80" title="Portal:语言">语言主题</a></span></li></ul></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E9%99%B6%E6%96%87" title="陶文">陶文</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%A0%E5%8D%9C" title="占卜">占卜</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%9C%E8%BE%9E" title="卜辞">卜辞</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%94%B2%E9%AA%A8%E5%AD%A6" title="甲骨学">甲骨学</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%91%A8%E5%8E%9F%E5%8D%9C%E8%BE%9E&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="周原卜辞（页面不存在）">周原卜辞</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="参考文献"><span id=".E5.8F.82.E8.80.83.E6.96.87.E7.8C.AE"></span>参考文献</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%94%B2%E9%AA%A8%E6%96%87&action=edit&section=21" title="编辑章节：参考文献"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="reflist columns references-column-count references-column-count-2" style="-moz-column-count: 2; -webkit-column-count: 2; column-count: 2; list-style-type: decimal;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation encyclopaedia"><a href="/wiki/%E9%99%88%E8%87%B3%E7%AB%8B" title="陈至立">陈至立</a> (编). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cihai.com.cn/detail?q=%E7%94%B2%E9%AA%A8%E6%96%87&docId=5405412&docLibId=72">甲骨文</a>. <a href="/wiki/%E8%BE%9E%E6%B5%B7" title="辞海">辞海</a>. 上海: <a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%8A%E6%B5%B7%E8%BE%9E%E4%B9%A6%E5%87%BA%E7%89%88%E7%A4%BE" title="上海辞书出版社">上海辞书出版社</a>. 2019 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2024-04-04</span>]</span>. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/978-7-5326-5325-6" title="Special:网络书源/978-7-5326-5325-6"><span title="国际标准书号">ISBN</span> 978-7-5326-5325-6</a>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240404231842/https://www.cihai.com.cn/detail?q=%E7%94%B2%E9%AA%A8%E6%96%87&docId=5405412&docLibId=72">存档</a>于2024-04-04）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E7%94%B2%E9%AA%A8%E6%96%87&rft.atitle=%E7%94%B2%E9%AA%A8%E6%96%87&rft.au=%E9%99%88%E8%87%B3%E7%AB%8B&rft.btitle=%E8%BE%9E%E6%B5%B7&rft.date=2019&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.isbn=978-7-5326-5325-6&rft.place=%E4%B8%8A%E6%B5%B7&rft.pub=%E4%B8%8A%E6%B5%B7%E8%BE%9E%E4%B9%A6%E5%87%BA%E7%89%88%E7%A4%BE&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cihai.com.cn%2Fdetail%3Fq%3D%25E7%2594%25B2%25E9%25AA%25A8%25E6%2596%2587%26docId%3D5405412%26docLibId%3D72&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">Xueqin, Li. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://brill.com/view/journals/jeaa/4/1/article-p321.xml">The Xia-Shang-Zhou Chronology Project: Methodology and Results</a>. Journal of East Asian Archaeology. 2002, <b>4</b> (1) <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2022-10-12</span>]</span>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.worldcat.org/issn/1387-6813"><span title="国际标准连续出版物号">ISSN 1387-6813</span></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1163%2F156852302322454585"><span title="數位物件識別號">doi:10.1163/156852302322454585</span></a>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221015094549/https://brill.com/view/journals/jeaa/4/1/article-p321.xml">存档</a>于2022-10-15）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E7%94%B2%E9%AA%A8%E6%96%87&rft.atitle=The+Xia-Shang-Zhou+Chronology+Project%3A+Methodology+and+Results&rft.aufirst=Li&rft.aulast=Xueqin&rft.date=2002&rft.genre=article&rft.issn=1387-6813&rft.issue=1&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+East+Asian+Archaeology&rft.volume=4&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbrill.com%2Fview%2Fjournals%2Fjeaa%2F4%2F1%2Farticle-p321.xml&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1163%2F156852302322454585&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Keightley 1978, p. 228</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://news.ltn.com.tw/news/life/paper/88017">最古漢字陶文、甲骨文再爭鋒 - 生活</a>. 自由時報電子報. 2006年8月22日 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [2021年6月3日]</span>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200217182828/https://news.ltn.com.tw/news/life/paper/88017">存档</a>于2020年2月17日）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E7%94%B2%E9%AA%A8%E6%96%87&rft.atitle=%E6%9C%80%E5%8F%A4%E6%BC%A2%E5%AD%97+%E9%99%B6%E6%96%87%E3%80%81%E7%94%B2%E9%AA%A8%E6%96%87%E5%86%8D%E7%88%AD%E9%8B%92+-+%E7%94%9F%E6%B4%BB&rft.date=2006-08-22&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=%E8%87%AA%E7%94%B1%E6%99%82%E5%A0%B1%E9%9B%BB%E5%AD%90%E5%A0%B1&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnews.ltn.com.tw%2Fnews%2Flife%2Fpaper%2F88017&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-h-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-h_5-0"><sup><b>5.0</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-h_5-1"><sup><b>5.1</b></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180601060223/http://guoxue.ifeng.com/a/20170728/51521695_0.shtml">破译甲骨文难度何在？中华史前文明文字密码太神秘</a>. 凤凰国学. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2018-06-01</span>]</span>. （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://guoxue.ifeng.com/a/20170728/51521695_0.shtml">原始内容</a>存档于2018-06-01）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E7%94%B2%E9%AA%A8%E6%96%87&rft.atitle=%E7%A0%B4%E8%AF%91%E7%94%B2%E9%AA%A8%E6%96%87%E9%9A%BE%E5%BA%A6%E4%BD%95%E5%9C%A8%EF%BC%9F%E4%B8%AD%E5%8D%8E%E5%8F%B2%E5%89%8D%E6%96%87%E6%98%8E%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97%E5%AF%86%E7%A0%81%E5%A4%AA%E7%A5%9E%E7%A7%98&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=%E5%87%A4%E5%87%B0%E5%9B%BD%E5%AD%A6&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fguoxue.ifeng.com%2Fa%2F20170728%2F51521695_0.shtml&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ettoday-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-ettoday_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ettoday.net/news/20130710/238650.htm">浙江發現良渚原始文字　比甲骨文早千年</a>. <a href="/wiki/ETtoday" class="mw-redirect" title="ETtoday">ETtoday</a>大陸新聞. 2013-07-10 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2013-07-12</span>]</span>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130714053824/http://www.ettoday.net/news/20130710/238650.htm">存档</a>于2013-07-14） <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到中文（繁體）网页">（中文（繁體））</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E7%94%B2%E9%AA%A8%E6%96%87&rft.atitle=%E6%B5%99%E6%B1%9F%E7%99%BC%E7%8F%BE%E8%89%AF%E6%B8%9A%E5%8E%9F%E5%A7%8B%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97%E3%80%80%E6%AF%94%E7%94%B2%E9%AA%A8%E6%96%87%E6%97%A9%E5%8D%83%E5%B9%B4&rft.date=2013-07-10&rft.genre=article&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ettoday.net%2Fnews%2F20130710%2F238650.htm&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">裘錫圭〈漢字形成問題的初步探討〉，發表於《中國語文》，1978年3月。</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">劉翔著：《商周古文字读本》，語文出版社，1989年，第67頁、<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r61200749">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-gray-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-red-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration{color:#555}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription span,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration span{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/12px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output code.cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:inherit;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#33aa33;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration,.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-right{padding-right:0.2em}</style><a href="/wiki/%E5%9B%BD%E9%99%85%E6%A0%87%E5%87%86%E4%B9%A6%E5%8F%B7" title="国际标准书号">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/7-80006-238-4" title="Special:网络书源/7-80006-238-4">7-80006-238-4</a>。</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">高明著：《中国古文字学通论》，北京大學出版社，1996年，第327頁、<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61200749"><a href="/wiki/%E5%9B%BD%E9%99%85%E6%A0%87%E5%87%86%E4%B9%A6%E5%8F%B7" title="国际标准书号">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/7-301-02285-9" title="Special:网络书源/7-301-02285-9">7-301-02285-9</a>。</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/%E5%91%82%E5%A4%A7%E8%87%A8" title="呂大臨">吕大临</a>《考古图》载：“乙鼎，河南文潞公藏，得于邺郡亶甲城。……商兄癸彝，颍川韩氏藏，得于邺。”元纳新《河朔访古记》记载：“安阳县西北五里四十步洹水南岸河亶甲城，有塚一区，世传河亶甲所葬之所也。父老云：‘宋元丰二年，夏，霖雨，安阳河涨水，啮塚破，野人探其中，得古铜器，质文完好，略不少蚀。众恐触官法，不敢全货于市，因击破以鬻之。复塞其塚以灭迹。自是铜器不复出矣。’”</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/%E8%83%A1%E5%8E%9A%E5%AE%A3" title="胡厚宣">胡厚宣</a>《五十年甲骨學論著目·序言》：後來因為封建社會喜歡厚葬，隨著盜墓之風，漸漸盛行起來，因而翻動了埋藏著的甲骨文字。也許在戰國時代，也許在漢朝，或者宋朝，當有大批的甲骨被掘出，但因為沒有人認識，隨著就又把它毀弃了。</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-劉鶚-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-劉鶚_12-0"><sup><b>12.0</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-劉鶚_12-1"><sup><b>12.1</b></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">劉鶚《鐵雲藏龜》自序：龜版己亥歲，出土在河南湯陰縣屬之牖里城。既出土後，為山左賈人所得，咸寶藏之，冀獲善價。庚子歲，有范姓客挾百餘片，走京師，福山王文敏公懿榮見之狂喜，以厚值留之。後有濰縣趙君執齋得數百片，亦售歸文敏。</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">吳昌授《鐵雲藏龜·序》：文敏導其先馬，先生備其大觀，中間多象形字，復有祖乙祖辛諸稱，審為殷人之遺……</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">丁福保《<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8F%A4%E9%92%B1%E5%A4%A7%E8%BE%9E%E5%85%B8%E6%8B%BE%E9%81%97&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="古钱大辞典拾遗（页面不存在）">古钱大辞典拾遗</a>》《总论》第8页載：“王文敏公，名懿荣，字廉生，福山人。……光绪二十六年河南汤阴附近，地名小屯者，土中出古龟甲兽骨，上刻古文，公始定为殷商遗物，得之至为宝贵，古龟甲刻辞之见重于世，自公始发之。”</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">羅振玉《殷商貞卜文字考·序》（宣統元年，即1910年）：光緒己亥，余聞河南之湯陰發現龜甲獸骨，其上皆有刻辭，為福山王文敏公所得，恨不得遽見也。</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">王國維《戩壽堂所藏殷墟文字·序》（民國六年，即1917年）：洹曲厓岸為水所齧，土人得龜甲牛骨，上有古文字，估客携至京師，為福山王文敏公懿榮所得。庚子秋，文敏殉國難，其所藏悉歸丹徒劉鐵雲觀察鶚。</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-宋建成2020-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-宋建成2020_17-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">宋建成. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=vsb3DwAAQBAJ&pg=PT19">國家圖書館故事. 卷二, 館藏發展與整理</a>. 元華文創. 2020-01-01: 19 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2021-02-26</span>]</span>. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/978-957-711-181-4" title="Special:网络书源/978-957-711-181-4"><span title="国际标准书号">ISBN</span> 978-957-711-181-4</a>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210603152917/https://books.google.com/books?id=vsb3DwAAQBAJ&pg=PT19">存档</a>于2021-06-03）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E7%94%B2%E9%AA%A8%E6%96%87&rft.au=%E5%AE%8B%E5%BB%BA%E6%88%90&rft.btitle=%E5%9C%8B%E5%AE%B6%E5%9C%96%E6%9B%B8%E9%A4%A8%E6%95%85%E4%BA%8B.+%E5%8D%B7%E4%BA%8C%2C+%E9%A4%A8%E8%97%8F%E7%99%BC%E5%B1%95%E8%88%87%E6%95%B4%E7%90%86&rft.date=2020-01-01&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=978-957-711-181-4&rft.pages=19&rft.pub=%E5%85%83%E8%8F%AF%E6%96%87%E5%89%B5&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dvsb3DwAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPT19&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">傅維康，《中藥房里的化石——龍骨》，《化石》1980年第三期。</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">胡厚宣《殷墟發掘》頁9-10，學習生活出版社，1955年。</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">董作宾在1937年出版《甲骨年表》记载“龙骨”的买卖：“河南省安阳县小屯村北低滨洹河之农田中，即常有甲骨发现，小屯村人以为药材，捡拾之，售于药店谓之‘龙骨’。村人有李成者，终其身，即以售‘龙骨’为业，今已老死。所谓‘龙骨’，多半皆为甲骨文字。售法有零有整，零售粉骨为细面，名曰‘刀尖药’，可以医治创伤，每年赶‘春会’出售。整批则售于药材店，每斤价制钱六文。有字者，多被刮去。”</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">此說最早見於民國二十年（1931年）《華北日報·華北畫刊》第89期上署名汐翁的文章《龜甲文》：丹徒劉鶚鐵雲客遊京師，寓福山王懿榮正儒私第。正儒病店，服藥用龜版，購自菜市口達仁堂。鐵雲見龜版有契刻篆文，以示正儒，相與驚訝。</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">《殷本紀·正義》引《擴地志》：相州安陽本盤庚所都，即北蒙殷墟，南去朝歌城百四十六里。</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://museum.sinica.edu.tw/exhibitions/13/">YH127發掘七十週年紀念特展</a>. 中研院歷史語言研究所歷史文物陳列館. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2020-10-26</span>]</span>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210102040954/http://museum.sinica.edu.tw/exhibitions/13/">存档</a>于2021-01-02）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E7%94%B2%E9%AA%A8%E6%96%87&rft.atitle=YH127%E7%99%BC%E6%8E%98%E4%B8%83%E5%8D%81%E9%80%B1%E5%B9%B4%E7%B4%80%E5%BF%B5%E7%89%B9%E5%B1%95&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=%E4%B8%AD%E7%A0%94%E9%99%A2%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E8%AA%9E%E8%A8%80%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E6%89%80%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E6%96%87%E7%89%A9%E9%99%B3%E5%88%97%E9%A4%A8&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fmuseum.sinica.edu.tw%2Fexhibitions%2F13%2F&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ihp.openmuseum.tw/muse/digi_object/6d54cf087c61909c7f166ec577b7ab9f">YH127甲骨坑全貌</a>. 中央研究院歷史文物陳列館. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2020-10-26</span>]</span>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210222003328/https://ihp.openmuseum.tw/muse/digi_object/6d54cf087c61909c7f166ec577b7ab9f">存档</a>于2021-02-22）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E7%94%B2%E9%AA%A8%E6%96%87&rft.atitle=YH127%E7%94%B2%E9%AA%A8%E5%9D%91%E5%85%A8%E8%B2%8C&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=%E4%B8%AD%E5%A4%AE%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E9%99%A2%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E6%96%87%E7%89%A9%E9%99%B3%E5%88%97%E9%A4%A8&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fihp.openmuseum.tw%2Fmuse%2Fdigi_object%2F6d54cf087c61909c7f166ec577b7ab9f&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/%E8%83%A1%E5%8E%9A%E5%AE%A3" title="胡厚宣">胡厚宣</a>《殷墟發掘》，頁117-118。</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">陈梦家：〈解放后甲骨的新资料和整理研究〉，《文物参考资料》1954年6期</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">胡厚宣：《八十五年来甲骨文材料之再统计》，《史学月刊》1984年5期；《90年来甲骨资料的新情况》，《中国文物报》1989年9月1日</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150511233749/http://www.rti.org.tw/m/news/newsSubject/?recordId=187">失落環節！4千片甲骨亟待解密</a>. 中央廣播電臺. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2014-08-06</span>]</span>. （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.rti.org.tw/m/news/newsSubject/?recordId=187">原始内容</a>存档于2015-05-11）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E7%94%B2%E9%AA%A8%E6%96%87&rft.atitle=%E5%A4%B1%E8%90%BD%E7%92%B0%E7%AF%80%EF%BC%814%E5%8D%83%E7%89%87%E7%94%B2%E9%AA%A8%E4%BA%9F%E5%BE%85%E8%A7%A3%E5%AF%86&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=%E4%B8%AD%E5%A4%AE%E5%BB%A3%E6%92%AD%E9%9B%BB%E8%87%BA&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.rti.org.tw%2Fm%2Fnews%2FnewsSubject%2F%3FrecordId%3D187&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.xianqin.org/xr_html/articles/kychg/57.html">百年来甲骨文材料再统计</a>. 《中国文物报》. 2003年5月9日: 第7版 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [2023年7月10日]</span>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230710073448/https://www.xianqin.org/xr_html/articles/kychg/57.html">存档</a>于2023年7月10日）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E7%94%B2%E9%AA%A8%E6%96%87&rft.atitle=%E7%99%BE%E5%B9%B4%E6%9D%A5%E7%94%B2%E9%AA%A8%E6%96%87%E6%9D%90%E6%96%99%E5%86%8D%E7%BB%9F%E8%AE%A1&rft.date=2003-05-09&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=%E3%80%8A%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E6%96%87%E7%89%A9%E6%8A%A5%E3%80%8B&rft.pages=%E7%AC%AC7%E7%89%88&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.xianqin.org%2Fxr_html%2Farticles%2Fkychg%2F57.html&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-wang-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-wang_30-0"><sup><b>30.0</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-wang_30-1"><sup><b>30.1</b></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">王國維：《殷卜辭中所見先公先王考》</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">胡厚宣《五十年甲骨学论著目》</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pedia.cloud.edu.tw/Entry/Detail/?title=%E7%94%B2%E9%AA%A8%E6%96%87">詞條名稱：甲骨文</a>. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2020-06-28</span>]</span>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200628212355/https://pedia.cloud.edu.tw/Entry/Detail/?title=%E7%94%B2%E9%AA%A8%E6%96%87">存档</a>于2020-06-28）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E7%94%B2%E9%AA%A8%E6%96%87&rft.btitle=%E8%A9%9E%E6%A2%9D%E5%90%8D%E7%A8%B1%EF%BC%9A%E7%94%B2%E9%AA%A8%E6%96%87&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fpedia.cloud.edu.tw%2FEntry%2FDetail%2F%3Ftitle%3D%25E7%2594%25B2%25E9%25AA%25A8%25E6%2596%2587&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation conference">朱歧祥. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://jgw.aynu.edu.cn/home/assets/pdf/web/viewer.html?urlfile=RjpcQ05LSVxkYXRhYmFzZVxUcGlGaWxlVVxFTVBUWVxQYWdlc1w4OTZc6K6655Sy6aqo5paH6YCg5a2X5pa55rOVLnBkZg==">论甲骨文造字方法</a>. 纪念殷墟甲骨文发现一百周年国际学术研讨会论文集. 2003-03 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2025-01-11</span>]</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E7%94%B2%E9%AA%A8%E6%96%87&rft.au=%E6%9C%B1%E6%AD%A7%E7%A5%A5&rft.btitle=%E7%BA%AA%E5%BF%B5%E6%AE%B7%E5%A2%9F%E7%94%B2%E9%AA%A8%E6%96%87%E5%8F%91%E7%8E%B0%E4%B8%80%E7%99%BE%E5%91%A8%E5%B9%B4%E5%9B%BD%E9%99%85%E5%AD%A6%E6%9C%AF%E7%A0%94%E8%AE%A8%E4%BC%9A%E8%AE%BA%E6%96%87%E9%9B%86&rft.date=2003-03&rft.genre=conference&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fjgw.aynu.edu.cn%2Fhome%2Fassets%2Fpdf%2Fweb%2Fviewer.html%3Furlfile%3DRjpcQ05LSVxkYXRhYmFzZVxUcGlGaWxlVVxFTVBUWVxQYWdlc1w4OTZc6K6655Sy6aqo5paH6YCg5a2X5pa55rOVLnBkZg%3D%3D&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation conference">侯恒雷. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://jgw.aynu.edu.cn/home/assets/pdf/web/viewer.html?urlfile=RjpcQ05LSVxkYXRhYmFzZVxUcGlGaWxlVVxDSkZEXFBhZ2VzXDEyNVxIVFNGMjAwODAxMDc2LnBkZg==">形声字的产生及发展趋向</a>. 和田师范专科学校学报. 2008-02-15 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2025-01-11</span>]</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E7%94%B2%E9%AA%A8%E6%96%87&rft.au=%E4%BE%AF%E6%81%92%E9%9B%B7&rft.btitle=%E5%BD%A2%E5%A3%B0%E5%AD%97%E7%9A%84%E4%BA%A7%E7%94%9F%E5%8F%8A%E5%8F%91%E5%B1%95%E8%B6%8B%E5%90%91&rft.date=2008-02-15&rft.genre=conference&rft.pub=%E5%92%8C%E7%94%B0%E5%B8%88%E8%8C%83%E4%B8%93%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%A6%E6%A0%A1%E5%AD%A6%E6%8A%A5&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fjgw.aynu.edu.cn%2Fhome%2Fassets%2Fpdf%2Fweb%2Fviewer.html%3Furlfile%3DRjpcQ05LSVxkYXRhYmFzZVxUcGlGaWxlVVxDSkZEXFBhZ2VzXDEyNVxIVFNGMjAwODAxMDc2LnBkZg%3D%3D&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">《中国考古学报》第5册，1951年；后收人《综述》</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">《文物》1977年第11期</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation conference">吴丽婉. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://jgw.aynu.edu.cn/home/assets/pdf/web/viewer.html?urlfile=RjpcQ05LSVxkYXRhYmFzZVxUcGlGaWxlVVxDSkZEXFBhZ2VzXDEyNVxMU1lKMjAyMzAyMDExLnBkZg==">甲骨文“黄尹”身分考——兼论商代配祀制度</a>. 历史研究. 2023-04-25 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2025-01-11</span>]</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E7%94%B2%E9%AA%A8%E6%96%87&rft.au=%E5%90%B4%E4%B8%BD%E5%A9%89&rft.btitle=%E7%94%B2%E9%AA%A8%E6%96%87%E2%80%9C%E9%BB%84%E5%B0%B9%E2%80%9D%E8%BA%AB%E5%88%86%E8%80%83%E2%80%94%E2%80%94%E5%85%BC%E8%AE%BA%E5%95%86%E4%BB%A3%E9%85%8D%E7%A5%80%E5%88%B6%E5%BA%A6&rft.date=2023-04-25&rft.genre=conference&rft.pub=%E5%8E%86%E5%8F%B2%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fjgw.aynu.edu.cn%2Fhome%2Fassets%2Fpdf%2Fweb%2Fviewer.html%3Furlfile%3DRjpcQ05LSVxkYXRhYmFzZVxUcGlGaWxlVVxDSkZEXFBhZ2VzXDEyNVxMU1lKMjAyMzAyMDExLnBkZg%3D%3D&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation conference">蔡哲茂. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ccsdb.ncl.edu.tw/ccs/image/001523314_0243.pdf">伊尹傳說的研究</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>. 中國神話與傳說學術研討會論文集. 漢學研究中心. 1996-03 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2023-02-23</span>]</span>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230627141651/http://ccsdb.ncl.edu.tw/ccs/image/001523314_0243.pdf">存档</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>于2023-06-27）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E7%94%B2%E9%AA%A8%E6%96%87&rft.au=%E8%94%A1%E5%93%B2%E8%8C%82&rft.btitle=%E4%BC%8A%E5%B0%B9%E5%82%B3%E8%AA%AA%E7%9A%84%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6&rft.date=1996-03&rft.genre=conference&rft.pub=%E6%BC%A2%E5%AD%B8%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E4%B8%AD%E5%BF%83&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fccsdb.ncl.edu.tw%2Fccs%2Fimage%2F001523314_0243.pdf&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation conference">李元星. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://jgw.aynu.edu.cn/home/assets/pdf/web/viewer.html?urlfile=RjpcQ05LSVxkYXRhYmFzZVxUcGlGaWxlVVxDSkZEXFBhZ2VzXDExNFxYSU5KMjAwMDAzMDEzLnBkZg==">殷王所祀黄与黄尹即黄帝考</a>. 新疆教育学院学报. 2000-09-30 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2025-01-11</span>]</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E7%94%B2%E9%AA%A8%E6%96%87&rft.au=%E6%9D%8E%E5%85%83%E6%98%9F&rft.btitle=%E6%AE%B7%E7%8E%8B%E6%89%80%E7%A5%80%E9%BB%84%E4%B8%8E%E9%BB%84%E5%B0%B9%E5%8D%B3%E9%BB%84%E5%B8%9D%E8%80%83&rft.date=2000-09-30&rft.genre=conference&rft.pub=%E6%96%B0%E7%96%86%E6%95%99%E8%82%B2%E5%AD%A6%E9%99%A2%E5%AD%A6%E6%8A%A5&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fjgw.aynu.edu.cn%2Fhome%2Fassets%2Fpdf%2Fweb%2Fviewer.html%3Furlfile%3DRjpcQ05LSVxkYXRhYmFzZVxUcGlGaWxlVVxDSkZEXFBhZ2VzXDExNFxYSU5KMjAwMDAzMDEzLnBkZg%3D%3D&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">胡厚宣《甲骨续存》序：“其时代当属于帝乙帝辛，在十几万片甲骨文字之中，这是最重要的一条殷末战争史料，即在周金文中，亦唯有小盂鼎铭可以仿佛似之。”</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">王克林著：《山海經與仰韶文化》，山西人民出版社，2011年，第135-136頁。</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BD%95%E6%99%89&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="何晉（页面不存在）">何晉</a> 編著、<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8A%89%E5%BD%A5%E4%BC%AF&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="劉彥伯（页面不存在）">劉彥伯</a> 閱注：《新編中國歷史文選》，北京大學出版社，2007年，第4-5頁。</span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="參考資料"><span id=".E5.8F.83.E8.80.83.E8.B3.87.E6.96.99"></span>參考資料</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%94%B2%E9%AA%A8%E6%96%87&action=edit&section=22" title="编辑章节：參考資料"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r80540462">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output 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href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%94%B2%E9%AA%A8%E6%96%87&action=edit&section=23" title="编辑章节：外部链接"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r82655521">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:#f9f9f9;display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right 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href="//web.archive.org/web/20120115023832/http://www.cqvip.com/qk/83051x/200801/26765078.html">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>）</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150402145321/http://udi.lib.cuhk.edu.hk/projects/oracle-bones?language=zh-hans">香港中文大学图书馆数码化项目：甲骨</a></li></ul> <div style="clear: both; height: 1em"></div> <table id="toc" style="margin: auto;text-align:center"> <tbody><tr> <td style="background:#ccccff" width="100%"><b><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%9B%9B%E5%A4%A7%E5%8F%91%E7%8E%B0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="四大发现（页面不存在）">二十世紀中國學術界四大發現</a></b> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center" style="font-size: 90%;" colspan="2" width="100%"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">殷墟甲骨文</a> | <a href="/wiki/%E5%B1%85%E5%BB%B6%E6%BC%A2%E7%B0%A1" title="居延漢簡">居延漢簡</a> | <a href="/wiki/%E6%95%A6%E7%85%8C%E5%AD%B8" title="敦煌學">敦煌藏經洞文書</a> | <a 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href="/wiki/%E7%99%BB%E5%B0%81%E2%80%9C%E5%A4%A9%E5%9C%B0%E4%B9%8B%E4%B8%AD%E2%80%9D%E5%8E%86%E5%8F%B2%E5%BB%BA%E7%AD%91%E7%BE%A4" title="登封“天地之中”历史建筑群">登封“天地之中”历史建筑群</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%AE%B7%E5%A2%9F" title="殷墟">殷墟</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84261037"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="四大自源文字" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="collapsible-title navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#D6C560; color:White;"><div id="四大自源文字" style="font-size:110%;margin:0 5em"><a href="/wiki/%E8%87%AA%E6%BA%90%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97" title="自源文字"><span 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srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Shang_dynasty_inscribed_tortoise_plastron.jpg/60px-Shang_dynasty_inscribed_tortoise_plastron.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Shang_dynasty_inscribed_tortoise_plastron.jpg/80px-Shang_dynasty_inscribed_tortoise_plastron.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1186" data-file-height="1954" /></a></span> <a class="mw-selflink selflink">甲骨文</a></li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%E7%91%AA%E9%9B%85%E8%B1%A1%E5%BD%A2%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97" title="玛雅文字"><img alt="玛雅文字" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Palenque_glyphs-edit1.jpg/60px-Palenque_glyphs-edit1.jpg" decoding="async" width="60" height="42" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Palenque_glyphs-edit1.jpg/90px-Palenque_glyphs-edit1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Palenque_glyphs-edit1.jpg/120px-Palenque_glyphs-edit1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="896" 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