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mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><section class="mf-section-0" id="mf-section-0"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238436933">.mw-parser-output .ombox{margin:4px 0;border-collapse:collapse;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;background-color:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);box-sizing:border-box;color:var(--color-base,#202122)}.mw-parser-output .ombox.mbox-small{font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ombox-speedy{border:2px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ombox-delete{border:2px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ombox-content{border:1px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ombox-style{border:1px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ombox-move{border:1px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ombox-protection{border:2px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ombox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.9em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ombox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ombox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ombox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ombox .mbox-invalid-type{text-align:center}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ombox{margin:4px 10%}.mw-parser-output .ombox.mbox-small{clear:right;float:right;margin:4px 0 4px 1em;width:238px}}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output table.ombox img{max-width:none!important}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ombox-speedy{background-color:#310402}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ombox-speedy{background-color:#310402}}</style><table class="plainlinks ombox ombox-notice" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Parentesi_Quadre.svg/30px-Parentesi_Quadre.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Parentesi_Quadre.svg/45px-Parentesi_Quadre.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Parentesi_Quadre.svg/60px-Parentesi_Quadre.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="75" data-file-height="100"></td><td class="mbox-text">This is the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Pronunciation" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Pronunciation">pronunciation key</a> for <a href="/wiki/International_Phonetic_Alphabet" title="International Phonetic Alphabet">IPA</a> transcriptions of Thai on Wikipedia.<div style="font-size: 90%;">It provides a set of symbols to represent the pronunciation of Thai in Wikipedia articles, and example words that illustrate the sounds that correspond to them. Integrity must be maintained between the key and the transcriptions that link here; do not change any symbol or value without establishing <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Consensus" title="Wikipedia:Consensus">consensus</a> on the <a href="/wiki/Help_talk:IPA/Thai" title="Help talk:IPA/Thai">talk page</a> first.</div><div style="font-size: 90%;">For an introductory guide on IPA symbols, see <a href="/wiki/Help:IPA" title="Help:IPA">Help:IPA</a>. For the distinction between [ ], / / and ⟨ ⟩, see <a href="/wiki/International_Phonetic_Alphabet#Brackets_and_transcription_delimiters" title="International Phonetic Alphabet">IPA § Brackets and transcription delimiters</a>.</div></td><td class="mbox-imageright"><div style="white-space: nowrap;"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1252059228">.mw-parser-output .module-shortcutboxplain{float:right;margin:0 0 0 1em;border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);background-color:var(--background-color-base,#fff);padding:0.3em 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em;text-align:center;font-size:85%}.mw-parser-output .module-shortcutboxleft{float:left;margin:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .module-shortcutlist{display:inline-block;border-bottom:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);margin-bottom:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .module-shortcutboxplain ul{font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .module-shortcutanchordiv{position:relative;top:-3em}.mw-parser-output li .module-shortcutanchordiv{float:right}.mw-parser-output .mbox-imageright .module-shortcutboxplain{padding:0.4em 1em 0.4em 1em;line-height:1.3;margin:0}</style><div class="module-shortcutanchordiv"></div><div class="module-shortcutboxplain noprint" role="note"><div class="module-shortcutlist"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Shortcut" title="Wikipedia:Shortcut">Shortcut</a></div><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=H:IPA-TH&redirect=no">H:IPA-TH</a></li></ul></div></div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Wikipedia key to pronunciation of Thai</div> The charts below show the way in which the <a href="/wiki/International_Phonetic_Alphabet" title="International Phonetic Alphabet">International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)</a> represents <a href="/wiki/Thai_language" title="Thai language">Standard Thai</a> pronunciations in Wikipedia articles. For a guide to adding IPA characters to Wikipedia articles, see <a href="/wiki/Template:IPA" title="Template:IPA">Template:IPA</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Pronunciation#Entering_IPA_characters" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Pronunciation">Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Pronunciation § Entering IPA characters</a>. <table style="background:none"> <tbody><tr> <td style="vertical-align:top;"> <table class="wikitable" width="100%" style="margin: 1em; text-align: center;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="5"><a href="/wiki/Consonant" title="Consonant">Consonants</a> </th></tr> <tr> <th>IPA</th> <th><a href="/wiki/Thai_script" title="Thai script">Thai script</a></th> <th><a href="/wiki/Royal_Thai_General_System_of_Transcription" title="Royal Thai General System of Transcription">RTGS</a></th> <th>Examples</th> <th>English approximation </th></tr> <tr> <th colspan="5">Syllable-initial consonants </th></tr> <tr> <td><big><a href="/wiki/Voiced_bilabial_plosive" title="Voiced bilabial plosive">b</a></big> </td> <td><big> บ </big></td> <td><big> b </big></td> <td style="text-align:left;">บำบัด / bambat</td> <td style="text-align:left;">boom </td></tr> <tr> <td><big> <a href="/wiki/Voiced_alveolar_plosive" class="mw-redirect" title="Voiced alveolar plosive">d</a></big> </td> <td><big> ฎ, ฑ, ด </big></td> <td><big> d </big></td> <td style="text-align:left;">ฎีกา / dika, มณฑป / mondop, ดาว / dao</td> <td style="text-align:left;">doom </td></tr> <tr> <td><big><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_labiodental_fricative" title="Voiceless labiodental fricative">f</a></big> </td> <td><big> ฝ, ฟ </big></td> <td><big> f </big></td> <td style="text-align:left;">เฝื่อน / fuean, ไฟฟ้า / faifa</td> <td style="text-align:left;">food </td></tr> <tr> <td><big><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_glottal_fricative" title="Voiceless glottal fricative">h</a></big> </td> <td><big> ห, ฮ </big></td> <td><big> h </big></td> <td style="text-align:left;">หาบ / hap, ฮ่อยจ๊อ / hoicho</td> <td style="text-align:left;">head </td></tr> <tr> <td><big><a href="/wiki/Voiced_palatal_approximant" title="Voiced palatal approximant">j</a></big> </td> <td><big> ญ, ย, หญ, หย, อย </big></td> <td><big> y </big></td> <td style="text-align:left;">เย้ย / yoei, หญิง / ying, หยากไย่ / yakyai</td> <td style="text-align:left;">yak </td></tr> <tr> <td><big><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_velar_plosive" title="Voiceless velar plosive">k</a></big> </td> <td><big> ก </big></td> <td><big>k</big></td> <td style="text-align:left;">กางเกง / kangkeng</td> <td style="text-align:left;">scan </td></tr> <tr> <td><big> <a href="/wiki/Aspirated_consonant" title="Aspirated consonant">kʰ</a></big> </td> <td><big> ข, ฃ, ค, ฅ, ฆ </big></td> <td><big> kh </big></td> <td style="text-align:left;">ขั้ว / khua, อัคคี / akkhi, ระฆัง / rakhang</td> <td style="text-align:left;">can </td></tr> <tr> <td><big><a href="/wiki/Voiced_alveolar_lateral_approximant" class="mw-redirect" title="Voiced alveolar lateral approximant">l</a></big> </td> <td><big>ล, หล, ฬ</big></td> <td><big> l </big></td> <td style="text-align:left;">ละเลียด / laliat, โหลเหล / lole, นาฬิกา / nalika</td> <td style="text-align:left;">leaf </td></tr> <tr> <td><big><a href="/wiki/Voiced_bilabial_nasal" title="Voiced bilabial nasal">m</a></big> </td> <td><big> ม, หม </big></td> <td><big> m </big></td> <td style="text-align:left;">มอมแมม / mommaem, หมาด / mat</td> <td style="text-align:left;">much </td></tr> <tr> <td><big><a href="/wiki/Voiced_alveolar_nasal" class="mw-redirect" title="Voiced alveolar nasal">n</a></big> </td> <td><big> ณ, น, หน </big></td> <td><big> n </big></td> <td style="text-align:left;">เณร / nen, น้อยหน่า / noina</td> <td style="text-align:left;">not </td></tr> <tr> <td><big><a href="/wiki/Voiced_velar_nasal" title="Voiced velar nasal">ŋ</a></big> </td> <td><big> ง, หง</big></td> <td><big> ng </big></td> <td style="text-align:left;">งง / ngong, มะเหงก / ma-ngek</td> <td style="text-align:left;">bringing </td></tr> <tr> <td><big><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_bilabial_plosive" title="Voiceless bilabial plosive">p</a></big> </td> <td><big> ป </big></td> <td><big> p </big></td> <td style="text-align:left;">ปาน / pan</td> <td style="text-align:left;">span </td></tr> <tr> <td><big><a href="/wiki/Aspirated_consonant" title="Aspirated consonant">pʰ</a></big> </td> <td><big> ผ, พ, ภ </big></td> <td><big> ph </big></td> <td style="text-align:left;">ผึ้ง / phueng, พัน / phan, พิภพ / phiphop</td> <td style="text-align:left;">pan </td></tr> <tr> <td><big><a href="/wiki/Voiced_alveolar_trill" class="mw-redirect" title="Voiced alveolar trill">r</a></big><a href="#cite_note-1">[1]</a> </td> <td><big> ร, หร</big></td> <td><big>r</big></td> <td style="text-align:left;">ระเริง / raroeng, หรูหรา / rura</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Alveolar_trill" class="mw-redirect" title="Alveolar trill">trilled r</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><big><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_alveolar_fricative" title="Voiceless alveolar fricative">s</a></big> </td> <td><big> ซ, ซร, ทร, ศ, ศร, ษ, ส, สร </big></td> <td><big> s </big></td> <td style="text-align:left;">แซง / saeng, ศรี / si, สิ่ว / sio</td> <td style="text-align:left;">soup </td></tr> <tr> <td><big> <a href="/wiki/Voiceless_alveolar_plosive" class="mw-redirect" title="Voiceless alveolar plosive">t</a></big> </td> <td><big> ฏ, ต </big></td> <td><big> t </big></td> <td style="text-align:left;">ปฏิบัติ / patibat, ตำรวจ / tamruat</td> <td style="text-align:left;">stable </td></tr> <tr> <td><big><a href="/wiki/Aspirated_consonant" title="Aspirated consonant">tʰ</a></big> </td> <td><big> ฐ, ฑ, ฒ, ถ, ท, ธ </big></td> <td><big> th </big></td> <td style="text-align:left;">วัตถุ / watthu, ทับทิม / thapthim, อธิษฐาน / athitthan</td> <td style="text-align:left;">table </td></tr> <tr> <td><big><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_alveolo-palatal_affricate" title="Voiceless alveolo-palatal affricate">tɕ</a></big> </td> <td><big> จ, จร </big></td> <td><big>ch</big></td> <td style="text-align:left;">จราจร / charachon, จริง / ching</td> <td style="text-align:left;">question </td></tr> <tr> <td><big><a href="/wiki/Aspirated_consonant" title="Aspirated consonant">tɕʰ</a></big> </td> <td><big> ฉ, ช, ฌ </big></td> <td><big> ch </big></td> <td style="text-align:left;">เฉิด / choet, ชิงช้า / chingcha, อัชฌา / atcha</td> <td style="text-align:left;">cheese </td></tr> <tr> <td><big><a href="/wiki/Voiced_labial%E2%80%93velar_approximant" title="Voiced labial–velar approximant">w</a></big> </td> <td><big> ว, หว </big></td> <td><big> w </big></td> <td style="text-align:left;">วาว / wao, เหวี่ยง / wiang</td> <td style="text-align:left;">way </td></tr> <tr> <td><big><a href="/wiki/Glottal_stop" title="Glottal stop">ʔ</a></big> </td> <td><big> อ </big></td> <td style="background-color: darkgray"></td> <td style="text-align:left;">อร่อย / aroi [ʔàʔ.rɔ̀j] > [ʔā.rɔ̀j],<a href="#cite_note-neutralization-2">[2]</a> สิบเอ็ด / sip et [sìp ʔèt]</td> <td style="text-align:left;">the catch in uh-oh </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="5">Syllable-final consonants </th></tr> <tr> <td><big><a href="/wiki/Voiced_palatal_approximant" title="Voiced palatal approximant">j</a></big> </td> <td><big> ย </big></td> <td><big>i</big></td> <td style="text-align:left;">เย้ย / yoei, ขยาย / khayai</td> <td style="text-align:left;">boy </td></tr> <tr> <td><big><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_velar_plosive" title="Voiceless velar plosive">k</a></big><a href="#cite_note-no_audible_release-3">[3]</a> </td> <td><big> ก, กร, ข, ค, คร, ฆ </big></td> <td><big>k</big></td> <td style="text-align:left;">กรอก / krok, สมัคร / samak, เมฆ / mek</td> <td style="text-align:left;">doctor </td></tr> <tr> <td><big><a href="/wiki/Voiced_bilabial_nasal" title="Voiced bilabial nasal">m</a></big> </td> <td><big> ม </big></td> <td><big> m </big></td> <td style="text-align:left;">มอมแมม / mommaem</td> <td style="text-align:left;">jam </td></tr> <tr> <td><big><a href="/wiki/Voiced_alveolar_nasal" class="mw-redirect" title="Voiced alveolar nasal">n</a></big> </td> <td><big>ญ, ณ, น, ร, รุ, ล, ฬ </big></td> <td><big>n</big></td> <td style="text-align:left;">วิญญาณ / winyan, สันดอน / sandon, เณร / nen</td> <td style="text-align:left;">can </td></tr> <tr> <td><big><a href="/wiki/Voiced_velar_nasal" title="Voiced velar nasal">ŋ</a></big> </td> <td><big> ง </big></td> <td><big> ng </big></td> <td style="text-align:left;">งง / ngong</td> <td style="text-align:left;">sang </td></tr> <tr> <td><big><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_bilabial_plosive" title="Voiceless bilabial plosive">p</a></big><a href="#cite_note-no_audible_release-3">[3]</a> </td> <td><big> บ, ป, พ, ฟ, ภ </big></td> <td><big>p</big></td> <td style="text-align:left;">ปราบ / prap, ทวีป / thawip, ภาพ / phap</td> <td style="text-align:left;">apt </td></tr> <tr> <td><big> <a href="/wiki/Voiceless_alveolar_plosive" class="mw-redirect" title="Voiceless alveolar plosive">t</a></big><a href="#cite_note-no_audible_release-3">[3]</a> </td> <td><big> จ, ช, ชร, ซ, ฎ, ฏ, ฐ, ฑ, ฒ, ฒิ, ด, ต, ตร, ติ, ตุ, ถ, ท, ทร, ธ, ธิ, รถ, รท, ศ, ษ, ส</big></td> <td><big>t</big></td> <td style="text-align:left;">ตำรวจ / tamruat, แดด / daet, วัตถุ / watthu, เมตร / met, บทบาท / botbat, สามารถ / samat, ประเทศ / prathet</td> <td style="text-align:left;">catnip </td></tr> <tr> <td><big><a href="/wiki/Voiced_labial%E2%80%93velar_approximant" title="Voiced labial–velar approximant">w</a></big> </td> <td><big> ว </big></td> <td><big> o </big></td> <td style="text-align:left;">วาว / wao, แก้ว / kaeo</td> <td style="text-align:left;">wow </td></tr> <tr> <td><big><a href="/wiki/Glottal_stop" title="Glottal stop">ʔ</a></big><a href="#cite_note-no_audible_release-3">[3]</a> </td> <td><big> ะ, – </big></td> <td style="background-color: darkgray"></td> <td style="text-align:left;">มานะ / mana [māː.náʔ], คติ / khati [kʰáʔ.tìʔ] > [kʰā.tìʔ],<a href="#cite_note-neutralization-2">[2]</a> เกี๊ยะ / kia [kíaʔ]</td> <td style="text-align:left;">flat (<a href="/wiki/Cockney#Dialect" title="Cockney">Cockney</a>) </td></tr></tbody></table> </td> <td style="vertical-align:top;"> <table class="wikitable" width="100%" style="margin: 1em; text-align: center;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="5"><a href="/wiki/Vowel" title="Vowel">Vowels</a> </th></tr> <tr> <th width="10%">IPA</th> <th width="10%"><a href="/wiki/Thai_script" title="Thai script">Thai script</a></th> <th width="5%"><a href="/wiki/Royal_Thai_General_System_of_Transcription" title="Royal Thai General System of Transcription">RTGS</a></th> <th width="15%">Examples</th> <th width="5%">English approximation </th></tr> <tr> <th colspan="5"><a href="/wiki/Monophthong" title="Monophthong">Short monophthongs</a> </th></tr> <tr> <td><big> <a href="/wiki/Open_central_unrounded_vowel" title="Open central unrounded vowel">a</a></big> </td> <td><big> ◌, ◌ะ, ◌ั◌ </big></td> <td><big> a </big></td> <td style="text-align:left;">พยางค์ / phayang จะละเม็ด / chalamet บัลลังก์ / banlang</td> <td style="text-align:left;">come (<a href="/wiki/Received_Pronunciation" title="Received Pronunciation">RP</a>) </td></tr> <tr> <td><big> <a href="/wiki/Close-mid_front_unrounded_vowel" title="Close-mid front unrounded vowel">e</a></big> </td> <td><big> เ◌ะ, เ◌็◌ </big></td> <td><big> e </big></td> <td style="text-align:left;">เพชร / phet, เซ็ง / seng</td> <td style="text-align:left;">mate (<a href="/wiki/Scottish_English" title="Scottish English">Scottish</a>) </td></tr> <tr> <td><big> <a href="/wiki/Open-mid_front_unrounded_vowel" title="Open-mid front unrounded vowel">ɛ</a></big> </td> <td><big> แ◌ะ, แ◌็◌ </big></td> <td><big> ae </big></td> <td style="text-align:left;">แว่น / waen, แหย็ม / yaem</td> <td style="text-align:left;">bat </td></tr> <tr> <td><big> <a href="/wiki/Close_front_unrounded_vowel" title="Close front unrounded vowel">i</a></big> </td> <td><big> ◌ิ, ◌ิ◌ </big></td> <td><big> i </big></td> <td style="text-align:left;">บริเวณ / boriwen, ลิขสิทธิ์ / likkhasit</td> <td style="text-align:left;">bin </td></tr> <tr> <td><big> <a href="/wiki/Close-mid_back_rounded_vowel" title="Close-mid back rounded vowel">o</a></big> </td> <td><big> โ◌ะ, ◌◌ </big></td> <td><big> o </big></td> <td style="text-align:left;">ลม / lom, กรด / krot</td> <td style="text-align:left;">boat (<a href="/wiki/Scottish_English" title="Scottish English">Scottish</a>) </td></tr> <tr> <td><big> <a href="/wiki/Open-mid_back_rounded_vowel" title="Open-mid back rounded vowel">ɔ</a></big> </td> <td><big> เ◌าะ, ◌็อ◌ </big></td> <td><big> o </big></td> <td style="text-align:left;">กระท่อม / krathom, ล็อก / lok</td> <td style="text-align:left;">lot </td></tr> <tr> <td><big> <a href="/wiki/Close_back_rounded_vowel" title="Close back rounded vowel">u</a></big> </td> <td><big> ◌ุ, ◌ุ◌ </big></td> <td><big> u </big></td> <td style="text-align:left;">บุหรี่ / buri, คุณวุฒิ / khunnawut</td> <td style="text-align:left;">shoot </td></tr> <tr> <td><big><a href="/wiki/Close_back_unrounded_vowel" title="Close back unrounded vowel">ɯ</a></big> </td> <td><big> ◌ึ◌ </big></td> <td><big> ue </big></td> <td style="text-align:left;">ฮึด / huet, อึกทึก / uekkathuek</td> <td style="text-align:left;"> </td></tr> <tr> <td><big> <a href="/wiki/Close-mid_back_unrounded_vowel" title="Close-mid back unrounded vowel">ɤ</a></big> </td> <td><big> เ◌อะ </big></td> <td><big> oe </big></td> <td style="text-align:left;">เงิน / ngoen</td> <td style="text-align:left;">the </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="5"><a href="/wiki/Monophthong" title="Monophthong">Long monophthongs</a> </th></tr> <tr> <td><big> aː</big> </td> <td><big> ◌า, ◌า◌ </big></td> <td><big> a </big></td> <td style="text-align:left;">กล้า / kla, ราบ / rap</td> <td style="text-align:left;">bra </td></tr> <tr> <td><big> eː</big> </td> <td><big> เ◌, เ◌◌ </big></td> <td><big> e </big></td> <td style="text-align:left;">ทะเล / thale, เกรง / kreng</td> <td style="text-align:left;">play (<a href="/wiki/Scottish_English" title="Scottish English">Scottish</a>) </td></tr> <tr> <td><big> ɛː</big> </td> <td><big> แ◌, แ◌◌ </big></td> <td><big> ae </big></td> <td style="text-align:left;">แพ / phae, แคว้น / khwaen</td> <td style="text-align:left;">man </td></tr> <tr> <td><big> iː</big> </td> <td><big> ◌ี, ◌ี◌ </big></td> <td><big> i </big></td> <td style="text-align:left;">นี้ / ni, ปีน / pin</td> <td style="text-align:left;">green </td></tr> <tr> <td><big> oː</big> </td> <td><big> โ◌, โ◌◌ </big></td> <td><big> o </big></td> <td style="text-align:left;">โห่ / ho, โลก / lok</td> <td style="text-align:left;">go (<a href="/wiki/Scottish_English" title="Scottish English">Scottish</a>) </td></tr> <tr> <td><big> ɔː</big> </td> <td><big> ◌, ◌อ, ◌อ◌ </big></td> <td><big> o </big></td> <td style="text-align:left;">ธรณี / thorani, ตอม่อ / tomo, กลอง / klong</td> <td style="text-align:left;">lawn </td></tr> <tr> <td><big> uː</big> </td> <td><big> ◌ู, ◌ู◌ </big></td> <td><big> u </big></td> <td style="text-align:left;">สู้ / su, บูด / but</td> <td style="text-align:left;">moon </td></tr> <tr> <td><big>ɯː</big> </td> <td><big> ◌ือ, ◌ื◌ </big></td> <td><big> ue </big></td> <td style="text-align:left;">หนังสือ / nangsue คลื่น / khluen</td> <td style="text-align:left;"> </td></tr> <tr> <td><big> ɤː</big> </td> <td><big> เ◌อ, เ◌ิ◌ </big></td> <td><big> oe </big></td> <td style="text-align:left;">เผอเรอ / phoeroe เกิด / koet</td> <td style="text-align:left;">fur </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="5"><a href="/wiki/Diphthong" title="Diphthong">Diphthongs</a> </th></tr> <tr> <td><big> ia</big> </td> <td><big> เ◌ีย, เ◌ีย◌ </big></td> <td><big> ia </big></td> <td style="text-align:left;">เพลีย / phlia, เงียบ / ngiap</td> <td style="text-align:left;">media </td></tr> <tr> <td><big> ua</big> </td> <td><big> ◌ัว, ◌ว◌ </big></td> <td><big> ua </big></td> <td style="text-align:left;">จั่ว / chua, หวด / huat</td> <td style="text-align:left;">gruel </td></tr> <tr> <td><big> ɯa</big> </td> <td><big> เ◌ือ, เ◌ือ◌ </big></td> <td><big> uea </big></td> <td style="text-align:left;">เครือ / khruea, เมือง / mueang</td> <td style="text-align:left;"> </td></tr></tbody></table> <table class="wikitable" width="100%" style="margin: 1em; text-align: center;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="5">Vowels + syllable-final /j, w/ </th></tr> <tr> <th>IPA</th> <th><a href="/wiki/Thai_script" title="Thai script">Thai script</a></th> <th><a href="/wiki/Royal_Thai_General_System_of_Transcription" title="Royal Thai General System of Transcription">RTGS</a></th> <th>Examples</th> <th>English approximation </th></tr> <tr> <td><big> aj</big> </td> <td><big> ◌ัย, ใ◌, ไ◌ </big></td> <td><big> ai </big></td> <td style="text-align:left;">วัย / wai, ใหญ่ / yai, ไม่ / mai</td> <td style="text-align:left;">tight </td></tr> <tr> <td><big> aw</big> </td> <td><big> เ◌า </big></td> <td><big> ao </big></td> <td style="text-align:left;">เอา / ao</td> <td style="text-align:left;">house </td></tr> <tr> <td><big> ew</big> </td> <td><big> เ◌ว, เ◌็ว </big></td> <td><big> eo </big></td> <td style="text-align:left;">เร่ว / reo, เร็ว / reo</td> <td style="text-align:left;"> </td></tr> <tr> <td><big> ɛw</big> </td> <td><big> แ◌ว, แ◌็ว </big></td> <td><big> aeo </big></td> <td style="text-align:left;">แถว / thaeo, แผล็ว / phlaeo</td> <td style="text-align:left;">house (<a href="/wiki/Australian_English" title="Australian English">Australian</a>) </td></tr> <tr> <td><big> iw</big> </td> <td><big> ◌ิว </big></td> <td><big> io </big></td> <td style="text-align:left;">หิว / hio</td> <td style="text-align:left;">hue </td></tr> <tr> <td><big> ɔj</big> </td> <td><big> ◌อย, ◌็อย </big></td> <td><big> oi </big></td> <td style="text-align:left;">บ่อย / boi, หย็อย / yoi</td> <td style="text-align:left;">Boyce </td></tr> <tr> <td><big> uj</big> </td> <td><big> ◌ุย </big></td> <td><big> ui </big></td> <td style="text-align:left;">คุย / khui</td> <td style="text-align:left;">chewy </td></tr> <tr> <td><big> aːj</big> </td> <td><big> ◌าย </big></td> <td><big> ai </big></td> <td style="text-align:left;">ตาย / tai</td> <td style="text-align:left;">Thai </td></tr> <tr> <td><big> aːw</big> </td> <td><big> ◌าว </big></td> <td><big> ao </big></td> <td style="text-align:left;">ดาว / dao</td> <td style="text-align:left;">cow </td></tr> <tr> <td><big> eːw</big> </td> <td><big> เ◌ว </big></td> <td><big> eo </big></td> <td style="text-align:left;">เลว / leo</td> <td style="text-align:left;"> </td></tr> <tr> <td><big> ɛːw</big> </td> <td><big> แ◌ว </big></td> <td><big> aeo </big></td> <td style="text-align:left;">แล้ว / laeo</td> <td style="text-align:left;">cow </td></tr> <tr> <td><big> oːj</big> </td> <td><big> โ◌ย </big></td> <td><big> oi </big></td> <td style="text-align:left;">โดย / doi</td> <td style="text-align:left;">boy </td></tr> <tr> <td><big> ɔːj</big> </td> <td><big> ◌อย </big></td> <td><big> oi </big></td> <td style="text-align:left;">ร้อย / roi</td> <td style="text-align:left;">boy </td></tr> <tr> <td><big> ɤːj</big> </td> <td><big> เ◌ย </big></td> <td><big> oei </big></td> <td style="text-align:left;">เนย / noei</td> <td style="text-align:left;"> </td></tr> <tr> <td><big> iaw</big> </td> <td><big> เ◌ียว </big></td> <td><big> iao </big></td> <td style="text-align:left;">เปรี้ยว / priao</td> <td style="text-align:left;">meow </td></tr> <tr> <td><big> uaj</big> </td> <td><big> ◌วย </big></td> <td><big> uai </big></td> <td style="text-align:left;">ถ้วย / thuai</td> <td style="text-align:left;">Paraguay </td></tr> <tr> <td><big> ɯaj</big> </td> <td><big> เ◌ือย </big></td> <td><big> ueai </big></td> <td style="text-align:left;">เฟื้อย / fueai</td> <td style="text-align:left;"> </td></tr></tbody></table> <table class="wikitable" width="100%" style="margin: 1em; text-align: center;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="5"><a href="/wiki/Tone_(linguistics)" title="Tone (linguistics)">Tones</a> </th></tr> <tr> <th>IPA</th> <th>Description</th> <th><a href="/wiki/Thai_script" title="Thai script">Thai script</a></th> <th><a href="/wiki/Royal_Thai_General_System_of_Transcription" title="Royal Thai General System of Transcription">RTGS</a></th> <th>Examples </th></tr> <tr> <td><big> āː</big> </td> <td style="text-align:center;">Mid</td> <td><big>–</big></td> <td style="background-color: darkgray"></td> <td style="text-align:left;">เวลา [wēː.lāː], กระดุม [kràʔ.dūm] > [krā.dūm]<a href="#cite_note-neutralization-2">[2]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><big> àː</big> </td> <td style="text-align:center;">Low</td> <td><big>–, ◌่</big></td> <td style="background-color: darkgray"></td> <td style="text-align:left;">บูด [bùːt], ใส่ [sàj] </td></tr> <tr> <td><big> âː</big> </td> <td style="text-align:center;">Falling</td> <td><big>–, ◌่, ◌้</big></td> <td style="background-color: darkgray"></td> <td style="text-align:left;">แนบ [nɛ̂ːp], แน่บ [nɛ̂p], แปล้ [plɛ̂ː] </td></tr> <tr> <td><big> áː</big> </td> <td style="text-align:center;">High</td> <td><big>–, ◌้, ◌๊</big></td> <td style="background-color: darkgray"></td> <td style="text-align:left;">พัด [pʰát], โน้ต [nóːt], จั๊วะ [tɕúaʔ] </td></tr> <tr> <td><big> ǎː</big> </td> <td style="text-align:center;">Rising</td> <td><big>–, ◌๋</big></td> <td style="background-color: darkgray"></td> <td style="text-align:left;">เขียง [kʰǐaŋ], เก๋า [kǎw] </td></tr></tbody></table> <table class="wikitable" width="100%" style="margin: 1em; text-align: center;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="4">Other symbols </th></tr> <tr> <th>IPA</th> <th>Description</th> <th><a href="/wiki/Royal_Thai_General_System_of_Transcription" title="Royal Thai General System of Transcription">RTGS</a></th> <th>Examples </th></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;"><big>.</big> </td> <td>Syllable break </td> <td>- <a href="#cite_note-hyphen-4">[4]</a> </td> <td style="text-align:left;">ดีปลี / dipli [dīː.plīː], มะพร้าว / maphrao [máʔ.pʰráːw] > [mā.pʰráːw],<a href="#cite_note-neutralization-2">[2]</a> สำอาง / sam-ang [sǎm.ʔāːŋ] </td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr></tbody></table> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 ext-discussiontools-init-section section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(1)"><h2 id="Notes_and_references" data-mw-thread-id="h-Notes_and_references">Notes and references</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Help:IPA/Thai&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Notes and references" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-1 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-1"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFTingsabadhAbramson1993">Tingsabadh & Abramson (1993</a>:26): The consonant /r/ is realized most frequently as [<a href="/wiki/Voiced_dental_and_alveolar_taps_and_flaps" title="Voiced dental and alveolar taps and flaps">ɾ</a>], but also as [<a href="/wiki/Voiced_alveolar_trill" class="mw-redirect" title="Voiced alveolar trill">r</a>], in standard or deliberate pronunciation. In other contexts, however, both of them tend to merge into the lateral approximant /<a href="/wiki/Voiced_alveolar_lateral_approximant" class="mw-redirect" title="Voiced alveolar lateral approximant">l</a>/, as the clear distinction between the phonemes /r/ and /l/ is consistently maintained only by some speakers. As the second element of consonant clusters, it tends to be omitted altogether (e.g. <a href="/wiki/Krispy_Kreme" title="Krispy Kreme">คริสปีครีม</a> [<a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A1" class="extiw" title="th:คริสปีครีม">th</a>] kʰrítpìːkriːm → kʰítpìːkiːm; RTGS: khritpikrim → khitpikim). </li> <li id="cite_note-neutralization-2">^ <a href="#cite_ref-neutralization_2-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-neutralization_2-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-neutralization_2-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-neutralization_2-3">d</a> <a href="#CITEREFTingsabadhAbramson1993">Tingsabadh & Abramson (1993</a>:26): "In plurisyllabic words, the low tone and the high tone on syllables containing the short vowel /a/ followed by the <a href="/wiki/Glottal_stop" title="Glottal stop">glottal stop</a> in deliberate speech, become the mid tone when unstressed, with loss of the glottal stop." </li> <li id="cite_note-no_audible_release-3">^ <a href="#cite_ref-no_audible_release_3-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-no_audible_release_3-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-no_audible_release_3-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-no_audible_release_3-3">d</a> In syllable-final position, /p, t, k, ʔ/ have <a href="/wiki/No_audible_release" title="No audible release">no audible release</a>: [p̚, t̚, k̚, ʔ̚]. </li> <li id="cite_note-hyphen-4"><a href="#cite_ref-hyphen_4-0">^</a> The <a href="/wiki/Royal_Thai_General_System_of_Transcription" title="Royal Thai General System of Transcription">RTGS</a> uses a hyphen to indicate a syllable break where ambiguity would otherwise arise. </li> </ol></div></div> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 ext-discussiontools-init-section section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(2)"><h2 id="Bibliography" data-mw-thread-id="h-Bibliography">Bibliography</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Help:IPA/Thai&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Bibliography" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-2 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-2"> <ul><li><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFTingsabadhAbramson1993" class="citation journal cs1">Tingsabadh, M. R. Kalaya; <a href="/wiki/Arthur_S._Abramson" title="Arthur S. Abramson">Abramson, Arthur S.</a> (1993). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200204184243/http://4gp.me/bbtc/1580841718340.pdf">"Thai"</a> (PDF). <a href="/wiki/Journal_of_the_International_Phonetic_Association" title="Journal of the International Phonetic Association">Journal of the International Phonetic Association</a>. 23 (1): 24–28. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1017%2FS0025100300004746">10.1017/S0025100300004746</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/44594809">44594809</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+International+Phonetic+Association&rft.atitle=Thai&rft.volume=23&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E24-%3C%2Fspan%3E28&rft.date=1993&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1017%2FS0025100300004746&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F44594809%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.aulast=Tingsabadh&rft.aufirst=M.+R.+Kalaya&rft.au=Abramson%2C+Arthur+S.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fweb.archive.org%2Fweb%2F20200204184243%2Fhttp%3A%2F%2F4gp.me%2Fbbtc%2F1580841718340.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHelp%3AIPA%2FThai" class="Z3988"></li></ul> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 ext-discussiontools-init-section section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(3)"><h2 id="See_also" data-mw-thread-id="h-See_also">See also</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Help:IPA/Thai&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: See also" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-3 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-3"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Pages_with_Thai_IPA" title="Category:Pages with Thai IPA">Category:Pages with Thai IPA</a> (3,030)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Pages_with_Southern_Thai_IPA" title="Category:Pages with Southern Thai IPA">Category:Pages with Southern Thai IPA</a> (0)</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl 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]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:IPA_keys" title="Template:IPA keys"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:IPA_keys" title="Template talk:IPA keys"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:IPA_keys" title="Special:EditPage/Template:IPA keys"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="International_Phonetic_Alphabet_keys70" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/International_Phonetic_Alphabet" title="International Phonetic Alphabet">International Phonetic Alphabet</a> keys</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Adyghe" title="Help:IPA/Adyghe">Adyghe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Afrikaans" title="Help:IPA/Afrikaans">Afrikaans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Albanian" title="Help:IPA/Albanian">Albanian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Amharic" title="Help:IPA/Amharic">Amharic</a></li> <li>Arabic <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Arabic" title="Help:IPA/Arabic">Modern Standard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Egyptian_Arabic" title="Help:IPA/Egyptian Arabic">Egyptian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Hejazi_Arabic" title="Help:IPA/Hejazi Arabic">Hejazi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Lebanese_Arabic" title="Help:IPA/Lebanese Arabic">Lebanese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Tunisian_Arabic" title="Help:IPA/Tunisian Arabic">Tunisian</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Armenian" title="Help:IPA/Armenian">Armenian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Assamese" title="Help:IPA/Assamese">Assamese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Astur-Leonese" title="Help:IPA/Astur-Leonese">Asturian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Australian_languages" title="Help:IPA/Australian languages">Australian languages</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Azerbaijani" title="Help:IPA/Azerbaijani">Azerbaijani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Basque" title="Help:IPA/Basque">Basque</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Belarusian" title="Help:IPA/Belarusian">Belarusian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Bengali" title="Help:IPA/Bengali">Bengali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Berber" title="Help:IPA/Berber">Berber</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Breton" title="Help:IPA/Breton">Breton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Bulgarian" title="Help:IPA/Bulgarian">Bulgarian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Burmese" title="Help:IPA/Burmese">Burmese</a></li> <li>Catalan <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Catalan" title="Help:IPA/Catalan">Standard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Insular_Catalan" title="Help:IPA/Insular Catalan">Insular</a></li></ul></li> <li>Chinese <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Mandarin" title="Help:IPA/Mandarin">Mandarin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Cantonese" title="Help:IPA/Cantonese">Cantonese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Taiwanese_Hokkien" title="Help:IPA/Taiwanese Hokkien">Hokkien</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Jin_Chinese" title="Help:IPA/Jin Chinese">Jin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Wu_Chinese" title="Help:IPA/Wu Chinese">Wu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Xiang_Chinese" title="Help:IPA/Xiang Chinese">Xiang</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Corsican" title="Help:IPA/Corsican">Corsican</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Czech" title="Help:IPA/Czech">Czech</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Danish" title="Help:IPA/Danish">Danish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Persian" title="Help:IPA/Persian">Dari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Dutch" title="Help:IPA/Dutch">Dutch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">English</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Old_English" title="Help:IPA/Old English">Old English</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Emilian-Romagnol" title="Help:IPA/Emilian-Romagnol">Emilian-Romagnol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Esperanto" title="Help:IPA/Esperanto">Esperanto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Estonian" title="Help:IPA/Estonian">Estonian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Astur-Leonese" title="Help:IPA/Astur-Leonese">Extremaduran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Fijian" title="Help:IPA/Fijian">Fijian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Finnish" title="Help:IPA/Finnish">Finnish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Franco-Proven%C3%A7al" title="Help:IPA/Franco-Provençal">Franco-Provençal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/French" title="Help:IPA/French">French</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Galician" title="Help:IPA/Galician">Galician</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Georgian" title="Help:IPA/Georgian">Georgian</a></li> <li>German <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Standard_German" title="Help:IPA/Standard German">Standard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Alemannic_German" title="Help:IPA/Alemannic German">Alemannic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Colognian" title="Help:IPA/Colognian">Colognian</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Greek" title="Help:IPA/Greek">Greek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Greenlandic" title="Help:IPA/Greenlandic">Greenlandic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Gujarati" title="Help:IPA/Gujarati">Gujarati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Haitian_Creole" title="Help:IPA/Haitian Creole">Haitian Creole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Hawaiian" title="Help:IPA/Hawaiian">Hawaiian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Hebrew" title="Help:IPA/Hebrew">Hebrew</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Hindi_and_Urdu" title="Help:IPA/Hindi and Urdu">Hindi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Hmong" title="Help:IPA/Hmong">Hmong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Hungarian" title="Help:IPA/Hungarian">Hungarian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Icelandic" title="Help:IPA/Icelandic">Icelandic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Igbo" title="Help:IPA/Igbo">Igbo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Malay" class="mw-redirect" title="Help:IPA/Malay">Indonesian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Inuktitut" title="Help:IPA/Inuktitut">Inuktitut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Inupiaq" title="Help:IPA/Inupiaq">Inupiaq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Irish" title="Help:IPA/Irish">Irish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Lao" title="Help:IPA/Lao">Isan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Italian" title="Help:IPA/Italian">Italian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Central_Italian" title="Help:IPA/Central Italian">Central</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Japanese" title="Help:IPA/Japanese">Japanese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Kazakh" title="Help:IPA/Kazakh">Kazakh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Khmer" title="Help:IPA/Khmer">Khmer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Korean" title="Help:IPA/Korean">Korean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Kurdish" title="Help:IPA/Kurdish">Kurdish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Kyrgyz" title="Help:IPA/Kyrgyz">Kyrgyz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Lakota" title="Help:IPA/Lakota">Lakota</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Lao" title="Help:IPA/Lao">Lao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Latin" title="Help:IPA/Latin">Latin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Latvian" title="Help:IPA/Latvian">Latvian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Ligurian" title="Help:IPA/Ligurian">Ligurian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Lithuanian" title="Help:IPA/Lithuanian">Lithuanian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Lombard" title="Help:IPA/Lombard">Lombard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Luxembourgish" title="Help:IPA/Luxembourgish">Luxembourgish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Macedonian" title="Help:IPA/Macedonian">Macedonian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Malagasy" title="Help:IPA/Malagasy">Malagasy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Malay" class="mw-redirect" title="Help:IPA/Malay">Malay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Malayalam" title="Help:IPA/Malayalam">Malayalam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Maltese" title="Help:IPA/Maltese">Maltese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Manx" title="Help:IPA/Manx">Manx</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/M%C4%81ori" title="Help:IPA/Māori">Māori</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Marathi" title="Help:IPA/Marathi">Marathi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Marshallese" title="Help:IPA/Marshallese">Marshallese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Mauritian_Creole" title="Help:IPA/Mauritian Creole">Mauritian Creole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Mayan" title="Help:IPA/Mayan">Mayan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Mongolian" title="Help:IPA/Mongolian">Mongolian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Astur-Leonese" title="Help:IPA/Astur-Leonese">Mirandese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Nahuatl" title="Help:IPA/Nahuatl">Nahuatl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Navajo" title="Help:IPA/Navajo">Navajo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Neapolitan" title="Help:IPA/Neapolitan">Neapolitan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Nepali" title="Help:IPA/Nepali">Nepali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Northern_Thai" title="Help:IPA/Northern Thai">Northern Thai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Norwegian" title="Help:IPA/Norwegian">Norwegian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Occitan" title="Help:IPA/Occitan">Occitan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Odia" title="Help:IPA/Odia">Odia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Pashto" title="Help:IPA/Pashto">Pashto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Persian" title="Help:IPA/Persian">Persian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Piedmontese" title="Help:IPA/Piedmontese">Piedmontese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Polish" title="Help:IPA/Polish">Polish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Portuguese" title="Help:IPA/Portuguese">Portuguese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Punjabi" title="Help:IPA/Punjabi">Punjabi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Quechua" title="Help:IPA/Quechua">Quechua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Romanian" title="Help:IPA/Romanian">Romanian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Romansh" title="Help:IPA/Romansh">Romansh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Russian" title="Help:IPA/Russian">Russian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Sanskrit" title="Help:IPA/Sanskrit">Sanskrit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Sardinian" title="Help:IPA/Sardinian">Sardinian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Scottish_Gaelic" title="Help:IPA/Scottish Gaelic">Scottish Gaelic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Serbo-Croatian" title="Help:IPA/Serbo-Croatian">Serbo-Croatian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Shan_and_Tai_Lue" title="Help:IPA/Shan and Tai Lue">Shan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Sicilian" title="Help:IPA/Sicilian">Sicilian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Slovak" title="Help:IPA/Slovak">Slovak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Slovene" title="Help:IPA/Slovene">Slovene</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Sorbian" title="Help:IPA/Sorbian">Sorbian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Spanish" title="Help:IPA/Spanish">Spanish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Swahili" title="Help:IPA/Swahili">Swahili</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Nguni" title="Help:IPA/Nguni">Swazi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Swedish" title="Help:IPA/Swedish">Swedish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Sylheti" title="Help:IPA/Sylheti">Sylheti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Tagalog" title="Help:IPA/Tagalog">Tagalog</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Shan_and_Tai_Lue" title="Help:IPA/Shan and Tai Lue">Tai Lue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Persian" title="Help:IPA/Persian">Tajik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Tamil" title="Help:IPA/Tamil">Tamil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Tatar" title="Help:IPA/Tatar">Tatar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Telugu" title="Help:IPA/Telugu">Telugu</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Thai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Tibetan" title="Help:IPA/Tibetan">Tibetan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Tigrinya" title="Help:IPA/Tigrinya">Tigrinya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Turkish" title="Help:IPA/Turkish">Turkish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Turkmen" title="Help:IPA/Turkmen">Turkmen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Ukrainian" title="Help:IPA/Ukrainian">Ukrainian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Hindi_and_Urdu" title="Help:IPA/Hindi and Urdu">Urdu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Uzbek" title="Help:IPA/Uzbek">Uzbek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Venetian" title="Help:IPA/Venetian">Venetian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Vietnamese" title="Help:IPA/Vietnamese">Vietnamese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Walloon" title="Help:IPA/Walloon">Walloon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Welsh" title="Help:IPA/Welsh">Welsh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/West_Frisian" title="Help:IPA/West Frisian">West Frisian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Nguni" title="Help:IPA/Nguni">Xhosa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Yiddish" title="Help:IPA/Yiddish">Yiddish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Yoruba" title="Help:IPA/Yoruba">Yoruba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Zhuang" title="Help:IPA/Zhuang">Zhuang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Nguni" title="Help:IPA/Nguni">Zulu</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Comparisons</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Conventions_for_English" title="Help:IPA/Conventions for English">IPA conventions for English</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Phonetic_Alphabet_chart_for_English_dialects" class="mw-redirect" title="International Phonetic Alphabet chart for English dialects">English dialects</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Pronunciation_respelling_key" title="Help:Pronunciation respelling key">Wikipedia pronunciation respelling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pronunciation_respelling_for_English" title="Pronunciation respelling for English">Other English pronunciation respellings</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Introductory guides</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA" title="Help:IPA">Symbols</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Introduction" title="Help:IPA/Introduction">For English speakers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Pronunciation" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Pronunciation">Manual of Style: Pronunciation</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </section></div> <noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=mobile&type=1x1&usesul3=0" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Help:IPA/Thai&oldid=1267528477">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Help:IPA/Thai&oldid=1267528477</a>"</div></div> </div> <div class="post-content" id="page-secondary-actions"> </div> </main> <footer class="mw-footer minerva-footer" role="contentinfo"> <a class="last-modified-bar" href="/w/index.php?title=Help:IPA/Thai&action=history"> <div class="post-content last-modified-bar__content"> Last edited on 5 January 2025, at 14:42 </div> </a> <div class="post-content footer-content"> <div id="p-lang"> <h4>Languages</h4> <section> <ul id="p-variants" class="minerva-languages"></ul> <ul class="minerva-languages"><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D8%A4%D9%85%DA%A9:IPA/Thai_and_Lao" title="کؤمک:IPA/Thai and Lao – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="کؤمک:IPA/Thai and Lao" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target">تۆرکجه</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B9%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AF%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF:%E0%A6%86%E0%A6%A7%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%AC/%E0%A6%A5%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%87_%E0%A6%8F%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%82_%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%93" title="সাহায্য:আধ্বব/থাই এবং লাও – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="সাহায্য:আধ্বব/থাই এবং লাও" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target">বাংলা</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%87%D9%86%D9%85%D8%A7:%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%81%D8%A8%D8%A7%DB%8C_%D8%A2%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%86%DA%AF%D8%A7%D8%B1%DB%8C_%D8%A8%DB%8C%D9%86%E2%80%8C%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D9%84%D9%84%DB%8C_%D8%B2%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%86_%D8%AA%D8%A7%DB%8C%D9%84%D9%86%D8%AF%DB%8C_%D9%88_%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%A6%D9%88" title="راهنما:الفبای آوانگاری بین‌المللی زبان تایلندی و لائو – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="راهنما:الفبای آوانگاری بین‌المللی زبان تایلندی و لائو" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target">فارسی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lld mw-list-item"><a href="https://lld.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aiuto:AFI/Thai" title="Aiuto:AFI/Thai – Ladin" lang="lld" hreflang="lld" data-title="Aiuto:AFI/Thai" data-language-autonym="Ladin" data-language-local-name="Ladin" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ladin</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0:%D0%9C%D0%A4%D0%90_%D0%B7%D0%B0_%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%98%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%B8_%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BE%D1%88%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D1%98%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA" title="Википедија:МФА за тајландски и лаошки јазик – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Википедија:МФА за тајландски и лаошки јазик" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Македонски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bantuan:IPA_for_Thai_and_Lao" title="Bantuan:IPA for Thai and Lao – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Bantuan:IPA for Thai and Lao" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Melayu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%AE%E0%A8%A6%E0%A8%A6:%E0%A8%A5%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%88_%E0%A8%85%E0%A8%A4%E0%A9%87_%E0%A8%B2%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%93_%E0%A8%B2%E0%A8%88_IPA" title="ਮਦਦ:ਥਾਈ ਅਤੇ ਲਾਓ ਲਈ IPA – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਮਦਦ:ਥਾਈ ਅਤੇ ਲਾਓ ਲਈ IPA" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target">ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-km mw-list-item"><a href="https://km.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%9E%9C%E1%9E%B7%E1%9E%82%E1%9E%B8%E1%9E%97%E1%9E%B8%E1%9E%8C%E1%9E%B6:IPA_for_Thai_and_Lao" title="វិគីភីឌា:IPA for Thai and Lao – Khmer" lang="km" hreflang="km" data-title="វិគីភីឌា:IPA for Thai and Lao" data-language-autonym="ភាសាខ្មែរ" data-language-local-name="Khmer" class="interlanguage-link-target">ភាសាខ្មែរ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%B9%D8%A7%D9%88%D9%86%D8%AA:%D8%A8%DB%8C%D9%86_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%82%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%85%DB%8C_%D8%A7%D8%B5%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%AA%DB%8C_%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%AC%D8%AF%DB%8C%DB%81_%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%A6%DB%92_%D8%AA%DA%BE%D8%A7%D8%A6%DB%8C_%D8%A7%D9%88%D8%B1_%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%A4" title="معاونت:بین الاقوامی اصواتی ابجدیہ برائے تھائی اور لاؤ – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="معاونت:بین الاقوامی اصواتی ابجدیہ برائے تھائی اور لاؤ" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target">اردو</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tr%E1%BB%A3_gi%C3%BAp:IPA/ti%E1%BA%BFng_Th%C3%A1i" title="Trợ giúp:IPA/tiếng Thái – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Trợ giúp:IPA/tiếng Thái" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tiếng Việt</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:%E6%B3%B0%E8%AF%AD%E5%9B%BD%E9%99%85%E9%9F%B3%E6%A0%87" title="Help:泰语国际音标 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="Help:泰语国际音标" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target">中文</a></li></ul> </section> </div> <div class="minerva-footer-logo"><img src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" alt="Wikipedia" width="120" height="18" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"/> </div> <ul id="footer-info" class="footer-info hlist hlist-separated"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 5 January 2025, at 14:42 (UTC).</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Content is available under <a class="external" rel="nofollow" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en">CC BY-SA 4.0</a> unless otherwise noted.</li> </ul> <ul id="footer-places" class="footer-places hlist hlist-separated"> <li id="footer-places-privacy"><a 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