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class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Sisukord</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">vii külgpaanile</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">peida</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Algus</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Mõiste" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Mõiste"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Mõiste</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Mõiste-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ajalugu" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ajalugu"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Ajalugu</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Ajalugu-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Lülita ümber alaosa "Ajalugu"</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Ajalugu-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Varajane_faas:_veedade_usund" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Varajane_faas:_veedade_usund"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Varajane faas: veedade usund</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Varajane_faas:_veedade_usund-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Teine_faas:_brahmanism" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Teine_faas:_brahmanism"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Teine faas: brahmanism</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Teine_faas:_brahmanism-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Kolmas_faas:_hinduism" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Kolmas_faas:_hinduism"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Kolmas faas: hinduism</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Kolmas_faas:_hinduism-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Pühad_tekstid" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pühad_tekstid"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Pühad tekstid</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Pühad_tekstid-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Lülita ümber alaosa "Pühad tekstid"</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Pühad_tekstid-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Śruti" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Śruti"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Śruti</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Śruti-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Smriti" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Smriti"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Smriti</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Smriti-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Teoloogia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Teoloogia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Teoloogia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Teoloogia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Peasuunad" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Peasuunad"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Peasuunad</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Peasuunad-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Lülita ümber alaosa "Peasuunad"</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Peasuunad-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Višnuism" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Višnuism"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Višnuism</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Višnuism-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Šivaism" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Šivaism"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2</span> <span>Šivaism</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Šivaism-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Šaktism" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Šaktism"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.3</span> <span>Šaktism</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Šaktism-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Koolkonnad" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Koolkonnad"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Koolkonnad</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Koolkonnad-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Lülita ümber alaosa "Koolkonnad"</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Koolkonnad-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Vedaanta" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Vedaanta"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1</span> <span>Vedaanta</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Vedaanta-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Saankhja" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Saankhja"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.2</span> <span>Saankhja</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Saankhja-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Jooga" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Jooga"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.3</span> <span>Jooga</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Jooga-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Kultus" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Kultus"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Kultus</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Kultus-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Hinduistliku_ühiskonna_eripära" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Hinduistliku_ühiskonna_eripära"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Hinduistliku ühiskonna eripära</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Hinduistliku_ühiskonna_eripära-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Vaata_ka" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Vaata_ka"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Vaata ka</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Vaata_ka-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Viited" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Viited"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Viited</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Viited-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Kirjandus" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Kirjandus"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>Kirjandus</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Kirjandus-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Sisukord" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Lülita sisukord ümber" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Lülita sisukord ümber</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Hinduism</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Mine teises keeles artiklisse. Saadaval 220 keeles" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-220" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">220 keelt</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="eeskujulik artikkel"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hindoe%C3%AFsme" title="Hindoeïsme – afrikaani" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Hindoeïsme" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="afrikaani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hinduismus" title="Hinduismus – šveitsisaksa" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Hinduismus" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="šveitsisaksa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8B%A8%E1%88%82%E1%8A%95%E1%8B%B1_%E1%88%83%E1%8B%AD%E1%88%9B%E1%8A%96%E1%89%B5" title="የሂንዱ ሃይማኖት – amhara" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="የሂንዱ ሃይማኖት" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="amhara" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-anp mw-list-item"><a href="https://anp.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%82_%E0%A4%A7%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AE" title="हिन्दू धर्म – angika" lang="anp" hreflang="anp" data-title="हिन्दू धर्म" data-language-autonym="अंगिका" data-language-local-name="angika" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>अंगिका</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ang mw-list-item"><a href="https://ang.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hinduismus" title="Hinduismus – vanainglise" lang="ang" hreflang="ang" data-title="Hinduismus" data-language-autonym="Ænglisc" data-language-local-name="vanainglise" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ænglisc</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%87%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%88%D8%B3%D9%8A%D8%A9" title="الهندوسية – araabia" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="الهندوسية" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="araabia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hinduismo" title="Hinduismo – aragoni" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Hinduismo" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="aragoni" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hyw mw-list-item"><a href="https://hyw.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%80%D5%AB%D5%B6%D5%BF%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%AB%D5%A6%D5%B4" title="Հինտուիզմ – läänearmeenia" lang="hyw" hreflang="hyw" data-title="Հինտուիզմ" data-language-autonym="Արեւմտահայերէն" data-language-local-name="läänearmeenia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Արեւմտահայերէն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frp mw-list-item"><a href="https://frp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hind%C3%B4ismo" title="Hindôismo – frankoprovansi" lang="frp" hreflang="frp" data-title="Hindôismo" data-language-autonym="Arpetan" data-language-local-name="frankoprovansi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Arpetan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-as mw-list-item"><a href="https://as.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%B9%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A6%E0%A7%81_%E0%A6%A7%E0%A7%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AE" title="হিন্দু ধৰ্ম – assami" lang="as" hreflang="as" data-title="হিন্দু ধৰ্ম" data-language-autonym="অসমীয়া" data-language-local-name="assami" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>অসমীয়া</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hinduismu" title="Hinduismu – astuuria" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Hinduismu" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="astuuria" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-awa mw-list-item"><a href="https://awa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%82_%E0%A4%A7%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AE" title="हिन्दू धर्म – avadhi" lang="awa" hreflang="awa" data-title="हिन्दू धर्म" data-language-autonym="अवधी" data-language-local-name="avadhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>अवधी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indu_jerovia" title="Indu jerovia – guaranii" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="Indu jerovia" data-language-autonym="Avañe'ẽ" data-language-local-name="guaranii" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Avañe'ẽ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hinduizm" title="Hinduizm – aserbaidžaani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Hinduizm" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="aserbaidžaani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%87%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%88%D8%A6%DB%8C%D8%B3%D9%85" title="هندوئیسم – lõunaaserbaidžaani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="هندوئیسم" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="lõunaaserbaidžaani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gor mw-list-item"><a href="https://gor.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pitara" title="Pitara – gorontalo" lang="gor" hreflang="gor" data-title="Pitara" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Hulontalo" data-language-local-name="gorontalo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Hulontalo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agama_Hindu" title="Agama Hindu – indoneesia" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Agama Hindu" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indoneesia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hinduisme" title="Hinduisme – malai" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Hinduisme" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="malai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ban mw-list-item"><a href="https://ban.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agama_Hindu" title="Agama Hindu – bali" lang="ban" hreflang="ban" data-title="Agama Hindu" data-language-autonym="Basa Bali" data-language-local-name="bali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Bali</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%B9%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A6%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%A7%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AE" title="হিন্দুধর্ম – bengali" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="হিন্দুধর্ম" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="bengali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bjn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bjn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hindu" title="Hindu – bandžari" lang="bjn" hreflang="bjn" data-title="Hindu" data-language-autonym="Banjar" data-language-local-name="bandžari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Banjar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%8Cn-t%C5%8D%CD%98-k%C3%A0u" title="Ìn-tō͘-kàu – lõunamini" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Ìn-tō͘-kàu" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="lõunamini" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-map-bms mw-list-item"><a href="https://map-bms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hindu" title="Hindu – Banyumasi murre" lang="jv-x-bms" hreflang="jv-x-bms" data-title="Hindu" data-language-autonym="Basa Banyumasan" data-language-local-name="Banyumasi murre" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Banyumasan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%83%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BC" title="Индуизм – baškiiri" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Индуизм" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="baškiiri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%86%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%83%D1%96%D0%B7%D0%BC" title="Індуізм – valgevene" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Індуізм" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="valgevene" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%86%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%83%D1%96%D0%B7%D0%BC" title="Індуізм – valgevene (taraškievitsa)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Індуізм" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="valgevene (taraškievitsa)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%82_%E0%A4%A7%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AE" title="हिंदू धर्म – bihaari" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="हिंदू धर्म" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="bihaari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>भोजपुरी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hinduismo" title="Hinduismo – keskbikoli" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Hinduismo" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="keskbikoli" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hinduismus" title="Hinduismus – baieri" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="Hinduismus" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="baieri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Boarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bo mw-list-item"><a href="https://bo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BD%A7%E0%BD%B2%E0%BD%93%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%8F%E0%BD%B4%E0%BD%A0%E0%BD%B2%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%86%E0%BD%BC%E0%BD%A6%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%A3%E0%BD%B4%E0%BD%82%E0%BD%A6%E0%BC%8D" title="ཧིན་ཏུའི་ཆོས་ལུགས། – tiibeti" lang="bo" hreflang="bo" data-title="ཧིན་ཏུའི་ཆོས་ལུགས།" data-language-autonym="བོད་ཡིག" data-language-local-name="tiibeti" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>བོད་ཡིག</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hinduizam" title="Hinduizam – bosnia" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Hinduizam" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="bosnia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hindouegezh" title="Hindouegezh – bretooni" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Hindouegezh" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="bretooni" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%83%D0%B8%D0%B7%D1%8A%D0%BC" title="Индуизъм – bulgaaria" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Индуизъм" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="bulgaaria" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bxr mw-list-item"><a href="https://bxr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D0%BD%D1%8D%D0%B4%D1%85%D1%8D%D0%B3%D1%8D%D0%B9_%D1%88%D0%B0%D0%B6%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Энэдхэгэй шажан – burjaadi" lang="bxr" hreflang="bxr" data-title="Энэдхэгэй шажан" data-language-autonym="Буряад" data-language-local-name="burjaadi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Буряад</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hinduisme" title="Hinduisme – katalaani" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Hinduisme" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="katalaani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Induwismo" title="Induwismo – sebu" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Induwismo" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="sebu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%83%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BC" title="Индуизм – tšuvaši" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Индуизм" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="tšuvaši" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hinduismus" title="Hinduismus – tšehhi" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Hinduismus" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="tšehhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sn mw-list-item"><a href="https://sn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uhindu" title="Uhindu – šona" lang="sn" hreflang="sn" data-title="Uhindu" data-language-autonym="ChiShona" data-language-local-name="šona" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ChiShona</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-co mw-list-item"><a href="https://co.wikipedia.org/wiki/Induisimu" title="Induisimu – korsika" lang="co" hreflang="co" data-title="Induisimu" data-language-autonym="Corsu" data-language-local-name="korsika" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Corsu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hind%C5%B5aeth" title="Hindŵaeth – kõmri" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Hindŵaeth" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="kõmri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hinduisme" title="Hinduisme – taani" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Hinduisme" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="taani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ary mw-list-item"><a href="https://ary.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%87%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%88%D8%B3%D9%8A%D8%A9" title="هندوسية – Maroko araabia" lang="ary" hreflang="ary" data-title="هندوسية" data-language-autonym="الدارجة" data-language-local-name="Maroko araabia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>الدارجة</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-se mw-list-item"><a href="https://se.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hindula%C5%A1vuohta" title="Hindulašvuohta – põhjasaami" lang="se" hreflang="se" data-title="Hindulašvuohta" data-language-autonym="Davvisámegiella" data-language-local-name="põhjasaami" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Davvisámegiella</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hinduismus" title="Hinduismus – saksa" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Hinduismus" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="saksa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dv badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="eeskujulik artikkel"><a href="https://dv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DE%80%DE%A8%DE%82%DE%B0%DE%8B%DE%AB%DE%8B%DE%A9%DE%82%DE%B0" title="ހިންދޫދީން – maldiivi" lang="dv" hreflang="dv" data-title="ހިންދޫދީން" data-language-autonym="ދިވެހިބަސް" data-language-local-name="maldiivi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ދިވެހިބަސް</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dty mw-list-item"><a href="https://dty.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%82_%E0%A4%A7%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AE" title="हिन्दू धर्म – Doteli" lang="dty" hreflang="dty" data-title="हिन्दू धर्म" data-language-autonym="डोटेली" data-language-local-name="Doteli" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>डोटेली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%99%CE%BD%CE%B4%CE%BF%CF%85%CE%B9%CF%83%CE%BC%CF%8C%CF%82" title="Ινδουισμός – kreeka" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Ινδουισμός" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="kreeka" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hinduism" title="Hinduism – inglise" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Hinduism" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="inglise" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hinduismo" title="Hinduismo – hispaania" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Hinduismo" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="hispaania" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="hea artikkel"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hinduismo" title="Hinduismo – esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Hinduismo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ext mw-list-item"><a href="https://ext.wikipedia.org/wiki/Induismu" title="Induismu – estremenju" lang="ext" hreflang="ext" data-title="Induismu" data-language-autonym="Estremeñu" data-language-local-name="estremenju" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Estremeñu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hinduismo" title="Hinduismo – baski" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Hinduismo" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="baski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%87%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%88%D8%A6%DB%8C%D8%B3%D9%85" title="هندوئیسم – pärsia" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="هندوئیسم" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="pärsia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hinduism" title="Hinduism – Fidži hindi" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="Hinduism" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="Fidži hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fiji Hindi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hinduisma" title="Hinduisma – fääri" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="Hinduisma" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="fääri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Føroyskt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hindouisme" title="Hindouisme – prantsuse" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Hindouisme" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="prantsuse" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hindoe%C3%AFsme" title="Hindoeïsme – läänefriisi" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Hindoeïsme" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="läänefriisi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ff badge-Q70893996 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://ff.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hinndu" title="Hinndu – fula" lang="ff" hreflang="ff" data-title="Hinndu" data-language-autonym="Fulfulde" data-language-local-name="fula" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fulfulde</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fur mw-list-item"><a href="https://fur.wikipedia.org/wiki/Induisim" title="Induisim – friuuli" lang="fur" hreflang="fur" data-title="Induisim" data-language-autonym="Furlan" data-language-local-name="friuuli" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Furlan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/An_Hiond%C3%BAchas" title="An Hiondúchas – iiri" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="An Hiondúchas" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="iiri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sm mw-list-item"><a href="https://sm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hindu" title="Hindu – samoa" lang="sm" hreflang="sm" data-title="Hindu" data-language-autonym="Gagana Samoa" data-language-local-name="samoa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gagana Samoa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hionduthachd" title="Hionduthachd – gaeli" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Hionduthachd" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="gaeli" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hindu%C3%ADsmo" title="Hinduísmo – galeegi" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Hinduísmo" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="galeegi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-inh mw-list-item"><a href="https://inh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D3%80%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%B4%D0%B8" title="ХӀиндий ди – inguši" lang="inh" hreflang="inh" data-title="ХӀиндий ди" data-language-autonym="ГӀалгӀай" data-language-local-name="inguši" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ГӀалгӀай</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gan mw-list-item"><a href="https://gan.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8D%B0%E5%BA%A6%E6%95%99" title="印度教 – kani" lang="gan" hreflang="gan" data-title="印度教" data-language-autonym="贛語" data-language-local-name="kani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>贛語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gu mw-list-item"><a href="https://gu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AA%B9%E0%AA%BF%E0%AA%82%E0%AA%A6%E0%AB%81_%E0%AA%A7%E0%AA%B0%E0%AB%8D%E0%AA%AE" title="હિંદુ ધર્મ – gudžarati" lang="gu" hreflang="gu" data-title="હિંદુ ધર્મ" data-language-autonym="ગુજરાતી" data-language-local-name="gudžarati" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ગુજરાતી</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-got mw-list-item"><a href="https://got.wikipedia.org/wiki/%F0%90%8C%B7%F0%90%8C%B9%F0%90%8C%BD%F0%90%8C%B3%F0%90%8C%BF%F0%90%8C%B2%F0%90%8C%B0%F0%90%8C%BB%F0%90%8C%B0%F0%90%8C%BF%F0%90%8C%B1%F0%90%8C%B4%F0%90%8C%B9%F0%90%8C%BD%F0%90%8D%83" title="𐌷𐌹𐌽𐌳𐌿𐌲𐌰𐌻𐌰𐌿𐌱𐌴𐌹𐌽𐍃 – gooti" lang="got" hreflang="got" data-title="𐌷𐌹𐌽𐌳𐌿𐌲𐌰𐌻𐌰𐌿𐌱𐌴𐌹𐌽𐍃" data-language-autonym="𐌲𐌿𐍄𐌹𐍃𐌺" data-language-local-name="gooti" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>𐌲𐌿𐍄𐌹𐍃𐌺</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gom mw-list-item"><a href="https://gom.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%82_%E0%A4%A7%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AE" title="हिंदू धर्म – Goa konkani" lang="gom" hreflang="gom" data-title="हिंदू धर्म" data-language-autonym="गोंयची कोंकणी / Gõychi Konknni" data-language-local-name="Goa konkani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>गोंयची कोंकणी / Gõychi Konknni</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%9E%8C%EB%91%90%EA%B5%90" title="힌두교 – korea" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="힌두교" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="korea" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%80%D5%AB%D5%B6%D5%A4%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%AB%D5%A6%D5%B4" title="Հինդուիզմ – armeenia" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Հինդուիզմ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="armeenia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%82_%E0%A4%A7%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AE" title="हिन्दू धर्म – hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="हिन्दू धर्म" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="eeskujulik artikkel"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hinduizam" title="Hinduizam – horvaadi" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Hinduizam" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="horvaadi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hinduismo" title="Hinduismo – ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Hinduismo" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ig mw-list-item"><a href="https://ig.wikipedia.org/wiki/Okpukpe_Hindu" title="Okpukpe Hindu – ibo" lang="ig" hreflang="ig" data-title="Okpukpe Hindu" data-language-autonym="Igbo" data-language-local-name="ibo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Igbo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hinduismo" title="Hinduismo – iloko" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="Hinduismo" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="iloko" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ilokano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bpy mw-list-item"><a href="https://bpy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%B9%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A6%E0%A7%81_%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%9A%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%A4" title="হিন্দু লিচেত – bišnuprija" lang="bpy" hreflang="bpy" data-title="হিন্দু লিচেত" data-language-autonym="বিষ্ণুপ্রিয়া মণিপুরী" data-language-local-name="bišnuprija" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বিষ্ণুপ্রিয়া মণিপুরী</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hinduismo" title="Hinduismo – interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Hinduismo" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ie mw-list-item"><a href="https://ie.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hinduisme" title="Hinduisme – interlingue" lang="ie" hreflang="ie" data-title="Hinduisme" data-language-autonym="Interlingue" data-language-local-name="interlingue" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingue</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%83%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BC" title="Индуизм – osseedi" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Индуизм" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="osseedi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zu mw-list-item"><a href="https://zu.wikipedia.org/wiki/UbuHindu" title="UbuHindu – suulu" lang="zu" hreflang="zu" data-title="UbuHindu" data-language-autonym="IsiZulu" data-language-local-name="suulu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>IsiZulu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hind%C3%BAasi%C3%B0ur" title="Hindúasiður – islandi" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Hindúasiður" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="islandi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Induismo" title="Induismo – itaalia" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Induismo" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="itaalia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%94%D7%99%D7%A0%D7%93%D7%95%D7%90%D7%99%D7%96%D7%9D" title="הינדואיזם – heebrea" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="הינדואיזם" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="heebrea" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hindhu" title="Hindhu – jaava" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Hindhu" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="jaava" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbp mw-list-item"><a href="https://kbp.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C6%90nduuyisim" title="Ɛnduuyisim – kabije" lang="kbp" hreflang="kbp" data-title="Ɛnduuyisim" data-language-autonym="Kabɩyɛ" data-language-local-name="kabije" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kabɩyɛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%B9%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%82%E0%B2%A6%E0%B3%82_%E0%B2%A7%E0%B2%B0%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%AE" title="ಹಿಂದೂ ಧರ್ಮ – kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಹಿಂದೂ ಧರ್ಮ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pam mw-list-item"><a href="https://pam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Induismu" title="Induismu – pampanga" lang="pam" hreflang="pam" data-title="Induismu" data-language-autonym="Kapampangan" data-language-local-name="pampanga" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kapampangan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%98%E1%83%9C%E1%83%93%E1%83%A3%E1%83%98%E1%83%96%E1%83%9B%E1%83%98" title="ინდუიზმი – gruusia" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ინდუიზმი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="gruusia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ks mw-list-item"><a href="https://ks.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DB%81%D8%A0%D9%86%D9%9B%D8%AF%D8%A0_%D8%AF%D9%8E%D8%B1%D9%95%D9%85" title="ہؠنٛدؠ دَرٕم – kašmiiri" lang="ks" hreflang="ks" data-title="ہؠنٛدؠ دَرٕم" data-language-autonym="कॉशुर / کٲشُر" data-language-local-name="kašmiiri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>कॉशुर / کٲشُر</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%83%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BC" title="Индуизм – kasahhi" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Индуизм" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="kasahhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hindoueth" title="Hindoueth – korni" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="Hindoueth" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="korni" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kernowek</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rw mw-list-item"><a href="https://rw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Umuhindo" title="Umuhindo – ruanda" lang="rw" hreflang="rw" data-title="Umuhindo" data-language-autonym="Ikinyarwanda" data-language-local-name="ruanda" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ikinyarwanda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%83%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BC" title="Индуизм – kirgiisi" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Индуизм" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="kirgiisi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uhindu" title="Uhindu – suahiili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Uhindu" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="suahiili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-avk mw-list-item"><a href="https://avk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sindudarmeva" title="Sindudarmeva – Kotava" lang="avk" hreflang="avk" data-title="Sindudarmeva" data-language-autonym="Kotava" data-language-local-name="Kotava" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kotava</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Endouyis" title="Endouyis – haiti" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Endouyis" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="haiti" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gcr mw-list-item"><a href="https://gcr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Endouism" title="Endouism – Guajaana kreoolkeel" lang="gcr" hreflang="gcr" data-title="Endouism" data-language-autonym="Kriyòl gwiyannen" data-language-local-name="Guajaana kreoolkeel" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kriyòl gwiyannen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hindu%C3%AEzm" title="Hinduîzm – kurdi" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Hinduîzm" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="kurdi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lad mw-list-item"><a href="https://lad.wikipedia.org/wiki/Induizmo" title="Induizmo – ladiino" lang="lad" hreflang="lad" data-title="Induizmo" data-language-autonym="Ladino" data-language-local-name="ladiino" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladino</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BA%AA%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%AA%E0%BA%B0%E0%BB%9C%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%9E%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%A1" title="ສາສະໜາພາມ – lao" lang="lo" hreflang="lo" data-title="ສາສະໜາພາມ" data-language-autonym="ລາວ" data-language-local-name="lao" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ລາວ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hinduismus" title="Hinduismus – ladina" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Hinduismus" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="ladina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="hea artikkel"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hinduisms" title="Hinduisms – läti" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Hinduisms" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="läti" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hinduismus" title="Hinduismus – letseburgi" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Hinduismus" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="letseburgi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lez mw-list-item"><a href="https://lez.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%83%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BC" title="Индуизм – lesgi" lang="lez" hreflang="lez" data-title="Индуизм" data-language-autonym="Лезги" data-language-local-name="lesgi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Лезги</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hinduizmas" title="Hinduizmas – leedu" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Hinduizmas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="leedu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lij mw-list-item"><a href="https://lij.wikipedia.org/wiki/Induiximo" title="Induiximo – liguuri" lang="lij" hreflang="lij" data-title="Induiximo" data-language-autonym="Ligure" data-language-local-name="liguuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ligure</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hindoe%C3%AFsme" title="Hindoeïsme – limburgi" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Hindoeïsme" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="limburgi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Induisme" title="Induisme – Lingua Franca Nova" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="Induisme" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="Lingua Franca Nova" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingua Franca Nova</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-olo mw-list-item"><a href="https://olo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hindulai%C5%BEus" title="Hindulaižus – livviko" lang="olo" hreflang="olo" data-title="Hindulaižus" data-language-autonym="Livvinkarjala" data-language-local-name="livviko" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Livvinkarjala</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jbo mw-list-item"><a href="https://jbo.wikipedia.org/wiki/jda%27indu" title="jda'indu – ložban" lang="jbo" hreflang="jbo" data-title="jda'indu" data-language-autonym="La .lojban." data-language-local-name="ložban" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>La .lojban.</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Induism" title="Induism – lombardi" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Induism" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="lombardi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hinduizmus" title="Hinduizmus – ungari" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Hinduizmus" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="ungari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mai mw-list-item"><a href="https://mai.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%82_%E0%A4%A7%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AE" title="हिन्दू धर्म – maithili" lang="mai" hreflang="mai" data-title="हिन्दू धर्म" data-language-autonym="मैथिली" data-language-local-name="maithili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मैथिली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%83%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BC" title="Хиндуизам – makedoonia" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Хиндуизам" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="makedoonia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hindoisma" title="Hindoisma – malagassi" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Hindoisma" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="malagassi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%B9%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%A8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A6%E0%B5%81%E0%B4%AE%E0%B4%A4%E0%B4%82" title="ഹിന്ദുമതം – malajalami" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ഹിന്ദുമതം" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="malajalami" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mt mw-list-item"><a href="https://mt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%A6indui%C5%BCmu" title="Ħinduiżmu – malta" lang="mt" hreflang="mt" data-title="Ħinduiżmu" data-language-autonym="Malti" data-language-local-name="malta" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%82_%E0%A4%A7%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AE" title="हिंदू धर्म – marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="हिंदू धर्म" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%98%E1%83%9C%E1%83%93%E1%83%A3%E1%83%98%E1%83%96%E1%83%9B%E1%83%98" title="ინდუიზმი – megreli" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="ინდუიზმი" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="megreli" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="eeskujulik artikkel"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%87%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%88%D8%B3%D9%8A%D9%87" title="هندوسيه – Egiptuse araabia" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="هندوسيه" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egiptuse araabia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%87%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%88_%D8%AF%DB%8C%D9%86" title="هندو دین – mazandaraani" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="هندو دین" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="mazandaraani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mni mw-list-item"><a href="https://mni.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%AF%8D%EA%AF%A4%EA%AF%9F%EA%AF%97%EA%AF%A8_%EA%AF%82%EA%AF%A5%EA%AF%8F%EA%AF%85%EA%AF%A4%EA%AF%A1" title="ꯍꯤꯟꯗꯨ ꯂꯥꯏꯅꯤꯡ – manipuri" lang="mni" hreflang="mni" data-title="ꯍꯤꯟꯗꯨ ꯂꯥꯏꯅꯤꯡ" data-language-autonym="ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ" data-language-local-name="manipuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-min mw-list-item"><a href="https://min.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agamo_Hindu" title="Agamo Hindu – minangkabau" lang="min" hreflang="min" data-title="Agamo Hindu" data-language-autonym="Minangkabau" data-language-local-name="minangkabau" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Minangkabau</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%89ng-d%C3%B4-g%C3%A1u" title="Éng-dô-gáu – idamini" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Éng-dô-gáu" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="idamini" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mwl mw-list-item"><a href="https://mwl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hindu%C3%ADsmo" title="Hinduísmo – miranda" lang="mwl" hreflang="mwl" data-title="Hinduísmo" data-language-autonym="Mirandés" data-language-local-name="miranda" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Mirandés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mdf mw-list-item"><a href="https://mdf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%83%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%8C" title="Индуизмась – mokša" lang="mdf" hreflang="mdf" data-title="Индуизмась" data-language-autonym="Мокшень" data-language-local-name="mokša" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Мокшень</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B4%D2%AF_%D1%88%D0%B0%D1%88%D0%B8%D0%BD" title="Хиндү шашин – mongoli" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Хиндү шашин" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="mongoli" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%9F%E1%80%AD%E1%80%94%E1%80%B9%E1%80%92%E1%80%B0%E1%80%98%E1%80%AC%E1%80%9E%E1%80%AC" title="ဟိန္ဒူဘာသာ – birma" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="ဟိန္ဒူဘာသာ" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="birma" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hindoe%C3%AFsme" title="Hindoeïsme – hollandi" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Hindoeïsme" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="hollandi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds-nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hindoe%C3%AFsme" title="Hindoeïsme – Hollandi alamsaksa" lang="nds-NL" hreflang="nds-NL" data-title="Hindoeïsme" data-language-autonym="Nedersaksies" data-language-local-name="Hollandi alamsaksa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nedersaksies</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%81_%E0%A4%A7%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AE" title="हिन्दु धर्म – nepali" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="हिन्दु धर्म" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="nepali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%82_%E0%A4%A7%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AE" title="हिन्दू धर्म – nevari" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="हिन्दू धर्म" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="nevari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाल भाषा</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%92%E3%83%B3%E3%83%89%E3%82%A5%E3%83%BC%E6%95%99" title="ヒンドゥー教 – jaapani" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ヒンドゥー教" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="jaapani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D3%80%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%83%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BC" title="ХӀиндуизм – tšetšeeni" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="ХӀиндуизм" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="tšetšeeni" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hinduismus" title="Hinduismus – põhjafriisi" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Hinduismus" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="põhjafriisi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pih mw-list-item"><a href="https://pih.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hinduism" title="Hinduism – norfuki" lang="pih" hreflang="pih" data-title="Hinduism" data-language-autonym="Norfuk / Pitkern" data-language-local-name="norfuki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norfuk / Pitkern</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hinduisme" title="Hinduisme – norra bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Hinduisme" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="norra bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hinduismen" title="Hinduismen – uusnorra" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Hinduismen" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="uusnorra" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nrm mw-list-item"><a href="https://nrm.wikipedia.org/wiki/H%C3%AEndou%C3%AFsme" title="Hîndouïsme – Normandia" lang="nrf" hreflang="nrf" data-title="Hîndouïsme" data-language-autonym="Nouormand" data-language-local-name="Normandia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nouormand</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indo%C3%AFsme" title="Indoïsme – oksitaani" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Indoïsme" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="oksitaani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mhr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mhr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%83%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BC" title="Индуизм – niidumari" lang="mhr" hreflang="mhr" data-title="Индуизм" data-language-autonym="Олык марий" data-language-local-name="niidumari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Олык марий</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-or mw-list-item"><a href="https://or.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AC%B9%E0%AC%BF%E0%AC%A8%E0%AD%8D%E0%AC%A6%E0%AD%81_%E0%AC%A7%E0%AC%B0%E0%AD%8D%E0%AC%AE" title="ହିନ୍ଦୁ ଧର୍ମ – oria" lang="or" hreflang="or" data-title="ହିନ୍ଦୁ ଧର୍ମ" data-language-autonym="ଓଡ଼ିଆ" data-language-local-name="oria" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ଓଡ଼ିଆ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hinduiylik" title="Hinduiylik – usbeki" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Hinduiylik" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="usbeki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%B9%E0%A8%BF%E0%A9%B0%E0%A8%A6%E0%A9%82_%E0%A8%A7%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%AE" title="ਹਿੰਦੂ ਧਰਮ – pandžabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਹਿੰਦੂ ਧਰਮ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="pandžabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pi mw-list-item"><a href="https://pi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%82_%E0%A4%A7%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AE" title="हिंदू धर्म – paali" lang="pi" hreflang="pi" data-title="हिंदू धर्म" data-language-autonym="पालि" data-language-local-name="paali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>पालि</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DB%81%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%88_%D9%85%D8%AA" title="ہندو مت – lahnda" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="ہندو مت" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="lahnda" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-blk mw-list-item"><a href="https://blk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%9F%E1%80%B1%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%92%E1%80%B0%E1%80%98%E1%80%AC%E1%82%8F%E1%80%9E%E1%80%AC%E1%82%8F" title="ဟေင်ဒူဘာႏသာႏ – paoo" lang="blk" hreflang="blk" data-title="ဟေင်ဒူဘာႏသာႏ" data-language-autonym="ပအိုဝ်ႏဘာႏသာႏ" data-language-local-name="paoo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ပအိုဝ်ႏဘာႏသာႏ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pap mw-list-item"><a href="https://pap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hinduismo" title="Hinduismo – papiamento" lang="pap" hreflang="pap" data-title="Hinduismo" data-language-autonym="Papiamentu" data-language-local-name="papiamento" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Papiamentu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%87%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%8A%D8%B2%D9%85" title="هندويزم – puštu" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="هندويزم" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="puštu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jam mw-list-item"><a href="https://jam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Induizim" title="Induizim – Jamaica kreoolkeel" lang="jam" hreflang="jam" data-title="Induizim" data-language-autonym="Patois" data-language-local-name="Jamaica kreoolkeel" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Patois</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-km mw-list-item"><a href="https://km.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%9E%A0%E1%9E%B7%E1%9E%8E%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%8C%E1%9E%BC%E1%9E%9F%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9F%E1%9E%93%E1%9E%B6" title="ហិណ្ឌូសាសនា – khmeeri" lang="km" hreflang="km" data-title="ហិណ្ឌូសាសនា" data-language-autonym="ភាសាខ្មែរ" data-language-local-name="khmeeri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ភាសាខ្មែរ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-shn mw-list-item"><a href="https://shn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%81%B8%E1%81%A2%E1%80%9D%E1%80%BA%E1%80%B8%E1%82%81%E1%80%AD%E1%81%BC%E1%80%BA%E1%82%87%E1%80%90%E1%80%B0%E1%82%87" title="ၸၢဝ်းႁိၼ်ႇတူႇ – šani" lang="shn" hreflang="shn" data-title="ၸၢဝ်းႁိၼ်ႇတူႇ" data-language-autonym="ၽႃႇသႃႇတႆး " data-language-local-name="šani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ၽႃႇသႃႇတႆး </span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mnw mw-list-item"><a href="https://mnw.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%9F%E1%80%AD%E1%80%94%E1%80%B9%E1%80%92%E1%80%B0" title="ဟိန္ဒူ – moni" lang="mnw" hreflang="mnw" data-title="ဟိန္ဒူ" data-language-autonym="ဘာသာမန်" data-language-local-name="moni" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ဘာသာမန်</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pcd mw-list-item"><a href="https://pcd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hindouisme" title="Hindouisme – pikardi" lang="pcd" hreflang="pcd" data-title="Hindouisme" data-language-autonym="Picard" data-language-local-name="pikardi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Picard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Induism" title="Induism – piemonte" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Induism" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="piemonte" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hinduismus" title="Hinduismus – alamsaksa" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Hinduismus" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="alamsaksa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hinduizm" title="Hinduizm – poola" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Hinduizm" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="poola" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hindu%C3%ADsmo" title="Hinduísmo – portugali" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Hinduísmo" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kaa mw-list-item"><a href="https://kaa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Induizm" title="Induizm – karakalpaki" lang="kaa" hreflang="kaa" data-title="Induizm" data-language-autonym="Qaraqalpaqsha" data-language-local-name="karakalpaki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qaraqalpaqsha</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-crh mw-list-item"><a href="https://crh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%B0nduizm" title="İnduizm – krimmitatari" lang="crh" hreflang="crh" data-title="İnduizm" data-language-autonym="Qırımtatarca" data-language-local-name="krimmitatari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qırımtatarca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hinduism" title="Hinduism – rumeenia" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Hinduism" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="rumeenia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rmy mw-list-item"><a href="https://rmy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hindipen" title="Hindipen – Valahhia mustlaskeel" lang="rmy" hreflang="rmy" data-title="Hindipen" data-language-autonym="Romani čhib" data-language-local-name="Valahhia mustlaskeel" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Romani čhib</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rm mw-list-item"><a href="https://rm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hinduissem" title="Hinduissem – romanši" lang="rm" hreflang="rm" data-title="Hinduissem" data-language-autonym="Rumantsch" data-language-local-name="romanši" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Rumantsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inriya_i%C3%B1iy" title="Inriya iñiy – ketšua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Inriya iñiy" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="ketšua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%86%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%83%D1%97%D0%B7%D0%BC" title="Індуїзм – russiini" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Індуїзм" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="russiini" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русиньскый</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="eeskujulik artikkel"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%83%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BC" title="Индуизм – vene" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Индуизм" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="vene" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%83%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BC" title="Индуизм – jakuudi" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Индуизм" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="jakuudi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sa mw-list-item"><a href="https://sa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%A7%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%83" title="हिन्दूधर्मः – sanskriti" lang="sa" hreflang="sa" data-title="हिन्दूधर्मः" data-language-autonym="संस्कृतम्" data-language-local-name="sanskriti" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>संस्कृतम्</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sat mw-list-item"><a href="https://sat.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%B1%A6%E1%B1%A4%E1%B1%B1%E1%B1%AB%E1%B1%A9" title="ᱦᱤᱱᱫᱩ – santali" lang="sat" hreflang="sat" data-title="ᱦᱤᱱᱫᱩ" data-language-autonym="ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ" data-language-local-name="santali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-skr mw-list-item"><a href="https://skr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%BE%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%88_%D9%85%D8%AA" title="ھندو مت – seraiki" lang="skr" hreflang="skr" data-title="ھندو مت" data-language-autonym="سرائیکی" data-language-local-name="seraiki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سرائیکی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hinduism" title="Hinduism – šoti" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Hinduism" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="šoti" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hinduizmi" title="Hinduizmi – albaania" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Hinduizmi" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="albaania" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Innuismu" title="Innuismu – sitsiilia" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Innuismu" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="sitsiilia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B7%84%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%B1%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%AF%E0%B7%94_%E0%B6%B0%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%B8%E0%B6%BA" title="හින්දු ධර්මය – singali" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="හින්දු ධර්මය" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="singali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hinduism" title="Hinduism – lihtsustatud inglise" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Hinduism" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="lihtsustatud inglise" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%87%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%88%DA%8C%D8%B1%D9%85" title="هندوڌرم – sindhi" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="هندوڌرم" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="sindhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hinduizmus" title="Hinduizmus – slovaki" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Hinduizmus" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="slovaki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hinduizem" title="Hinduizem – sloveeni" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Hinduizem" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="sloveeni" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item"><a href="https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hindusam" title="Hindusam – somaali" lang="so" hreflang="so" data-title="Hindusam" data-language-autonym="Soomaaliga" data-language-local-name="somaali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Soomaaliga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%BE%DB%8C%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%88%DB%8C%D8%B2%D9%85" title="ھیندوویزم – sorani" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="ھیندوویزم" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="sorani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="hea artikkel"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%83%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BC" title="Хиндуизам – serbia" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Хиндуизам" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="serbia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hinduizam" title="Hinduizam – serbia-horvaadi" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Hinduizam" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="serbia-horvaadi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hindu" title="Hindu – sunda" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Hindu" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="sunda" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hindulaisuus" title="Hindulaisuus – soome" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Hindulaisuus" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="soome" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hinduism" title="Hinduism – rootsi" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Hinduism" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="rootsi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hinduismo" title="Hinduismo – tagalogi" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Hinduismo" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="tagalogi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%87%E0%AE%A8%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%81_%E0%AE%9A%E0%AE%AE%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D" title="இந்து சமயம் – tamili" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="இந்து சமயம்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="tamili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D2%BA%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B4_%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B5" title="Һинд дине – tatari" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Һинд дине" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="tatari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%B9%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%82%E0%B0%A6%E0%B1%82%E0%B0%A7%E0%B0%B0%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%82" title="హిందూధర్మం – telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="హిందూధర్మం" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%AE%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B9" title="ศาสนาฮินดู – tai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ศาสนาฮินดู" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="tai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%BA%A4n_%C4%90%E1%BB%99_gi%C3%A1o" title="Ấn Độ giáo – vietnami" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Ấn Độ giáo" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="vietnami" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D2%B2%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%83%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Ҳиндуия – tadžiki" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Ҳиндуия" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="tadžiki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tpi mw-list-item"><a href="https://tpi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hinduisim" title="Hinduisim – uusmelaneesia" lang="tpi" hreflang="tpi" data-title="Hinduisim" data-language-autonym="Tok Pisin" data-language-local-name="uusmelaneesia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tok Pisin</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tcy mw-list-item"><a href="https://tcy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%B9%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%82%E0%B2%A6%E0%B3%82_%E0%B2%A7%E0%B2%B0%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%AE" title="ಹಿಂದೂ ಧರ್ಮ – tulu" lang="tcy" hreflang="tcy" data-title="ಹಿಂದೂ ಧರ್ಮ" data-language-autonym="ತುಳು" data-language-local-name="tulu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ತುಳು</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hinduizm" title="Hinduizm – türgi" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Hinduizm" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="türgi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tk mw-list-item"><a href="https://tk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Induizm" title="Induizm – türkmeeni" lang="tk" hreflang="tk" data-title="Induizm" data-language-autonym="Türkmençe" data-language-local-name="türkmeeni" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkmençe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tyv mw-list-item"><a href="https://tyv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%8F%D0%BD%D1%8B%D2%A3_%D1%85%D3%A9%D0%B9_%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8B%D0%BD%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B3_%D0%B1%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8B" title="Индияның хөй арынныг бурганнары – tõva" lang="tyv" hreflang="tyv" data-title="Индияның хөй арынныг бурганнары" data-language-autonym="Тыва дыл" data-language-local-name="tõva" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тыва дыл</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%86%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%83%D1%97%D0%B7%D0%BC" title="Індуїзм – ukraina" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Індуїзм" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ukraina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DB%81%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%88_%D9%85%D8%AA" title="ہندو مت – urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="ہندو مت" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%BE%D9%89%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%89_%D8%AF%D9%89%D9%86%D9%89" title="ھىندى دىنى – uiguuri" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="ھىندى دىنى" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="uiguuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-za mw-list-item"><a href="https://za.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yindugyau" title="Yindugyau – tšuangi" lang="za" hreflang="za" data-title="Yindugyau" data-language-autonym="Vahcuengh" data-language-local-name="tšuangi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vahcuengh</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Induismo" title="Induismo – veneti" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Induismo" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="veneti" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vep mw-list-item"><a href="https://vep.wikipedia.org/wiki/Induizm" title="Induizm – vepsa" lang="vep" hreflang="vep" data-title="Induizm" data-language-autonym="Vepsän kel’" data-language-local-name="vepsa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vepsän kel’</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fiu-vro mw-list-item"><a href="https://fiu-vro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hinduism" title="Hinduism – võru" lang="vro" hreflang="vro" data-title="Hinduism" data-language-autonym="Võro" data-language-local-name="võru" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Võro</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wa mw-list-item"><a href="https://wa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indouwisse" title="Indouwisse – vallooni" lang="wa" hreflang="wa" data-title="Indouwisse" data-language-autonym="Walon" data-language-local-name="vallooni" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Walon</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8D%B0%E5%BA%A6%E6%95%99" title="印度教 – klassikaline hiina" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="印度教" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="klassikaline hiina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>文言</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hinduismo" title="Hinduismo – varai" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Hinduismo" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="varai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8D%B0%E5%BA%A6%E6%95%99" title="印度教 – uu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="印度教" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="uu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ts mw-list-item"><a href="https://ts.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vuhindu" title="Vuhindu – tsonga" lang="ts" hreflang="ts" data-title="Vuhindu" data-language-autonym="Xitsonga" data-language-local-name="tsonga" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Xitsonga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%94%D7%99%D7%A0%D7%93%D7%95%D7%90%D7%99%D7%96%D7%9D" title="הינדואיזם – jidiši" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="הינדואיזם" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="jidiši" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%BA%B8%CC%80s%C3%ACn_Hinduism" title="Ẹ̀sìn Hinduism – joruba" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Ẹ̀sìn Hinduism" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="joruba" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Yorùbá</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8D%B0%E5%BA%A6%E6%95%99" title="印度教 – kantoni" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="印度教" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="kantoni" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hinduizm" title="Hinduizm – dõmli" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Hinduizm" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="dõmli" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indo%C4%97zmos" title="Indoėzmos – žemaidi" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="Indoėzmos" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="žemaidi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Žemaitėška</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8D%B0%E5%BA%A6%E6%95%99" title="印度教 – hiina" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="印度教" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="hiina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bbc mw-list-item"><a href="https://bbc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hindu" title="Hindu – bataki" lang="bbc" hreflang="bbc" data-title="Hindu" data-language-autonym="Batak Toba" data-language-local-name="bataki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Batak Toba</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-btm mw-list-item"><a href="https://btm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hindu" title="Hindu – Mandailingi bataki" lang="btm" hreflang="btm" data-title="Hindu" data-language-autonym="Batak Mandailing" data-language-local-name="Mandailingi bataki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Batak Mandailing</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-iba mw-list-item"><a href="https://iba.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hindu" title="Hindu – ibani" lang="iba" hreflang="iba" data-title="Hindu" data-language-autonym="Jaku Iban" data-language-local-name="ibani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jaku Iban</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zgh mw-list-item"><a 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mw-parser-output" lang="et" dir="ltr"><div class="nomobile"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r6739384">.mw-parser-output th.mbox-text,.mw-parser-output td.mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.9em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output td.mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output td.mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output td.mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output table.ambox{margin:0 10%;border:1px solid #aaa;border-left:10px solid #1e90ff;background:#fbfbfb}.mw-parser-output table.ambox~table.ambox:not(.mbox-small-left){margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox th.mbox-text,.mw-parser-output .ambox td.mbox-text{padding:0.25em 0.5em}.mw-parser-output .ambox td.mbox-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em}.mw-parser-output .ambox td.mbox-imageright{padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0}.mw-parser-output table.ambox-notice{border-left:10px solid #1e90ff}.mw-parser-output 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table.fmbox{clear:both;margin:0.2em 0;width:100%;border:1px solid #aaa;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output table.fmbox-editnotice{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output table.mbox-small{clear:right;float:right;margin:4px 0 4px 1em;width:238px;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output table.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cmbox{background-color:#0d1a27}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .tmbox{background-color:#2e2505}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cmbox{background-color:#0d1a27}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .tmbox{background-color:#2e2505}}</style></div><table class="metadata plainlinks ambox ambox-content" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Edit-copy_orange_button.svg/35px-Edit-copy_orange_button.svg.png" decoding="async" width="35" height="35" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Edit-copy_orange_button.svg/53px-Edit-copy_orange_button.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Edit-copy_orange_button.svg/70px-Edit-copy_orange_button.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="43" data-file-height="43" /></span></span></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span"><b>See artikkel</b> <b>vajab <a href="/wiki/Vikipeedia:Artiklite_toimetamine" title="Vikipeedia:Artiklite toimetamine">toimetamist</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"></span> <small><i>(November 2015)</i></small><span class="hide-when-compact"> <br /><small>Palun aita <a class="external text" href="https://et.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hinduism&action=edit">artiklit toimetada</a>.</small> <small>(<a href="/wiki/Juhend:Toimetusm%C3%A4rkuste_eemaldamine" title="Juhend:Toimetusmärkuste eemaldamine">Kuidas ja millal see märkus eemaldada?</a>)</small></span><span class="hide-when-compact"></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="nomobile"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r6739384"></div><table class="metadata plainlinks ambox ambox-content" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Emblem-important.svg/35px-Emblem-important.svg.png" decoding="async" width="35" height="35" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Emblem-important.svg/53px-Emblem-important.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Emblem-important.svg/70px-Emblem-important.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="48" data-file-height="48" /></span></span></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span"><b>See artikkel</b> <b>ootab <a href="/wiki/Keeletoimetamine" title="Keeletoimetamine">keeletoimetamist</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"></span><span class="hide-when-compact"> <br /><small>Kui oskad, siis palun aita <a class="external text" href="https://et.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hinduism&action=edit">artiklit keeleliselt parandada</a>.</small> <small>(<a href="/wiki/Juhend:Toimetusm%C3%A4rkuste_eemaldamine" title="Juhend:Toimetusmärkuste eemaldamine">Kuidas ja millal see märkus eemaldada?</a>)</small></span><span class="hide-when-compact"></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fail:Evening_prayers_at_Har-Ki-Pairi_Ghat_in_Haridwar.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Evening_prayers_at_Har-Ki-Pairi_Ghat_in_Haridwar.jpg/220px-Evening_prayers_at_Har-Ki-Pairi_Ghat_in_Haridwar.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="163" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Evening_prayers_at_Har-Ki-Pairi_Ghat_in_Haridwar.jpg/330px-Evening_prayers_at_Har-Ki-Pairi_Ghat_in_Haridwar.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Evening_prayers_at_Har-Ki-Pairi_Ghat_in_Haridwar.jpg/440px-Evening_prayers_at_Har-Ki-Pairi_Ghat_in_Haridwar.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="758" /></a><figcaption>Õhtune aarti Haridwari linnas Har-Ki-Pairi Ghatil</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fail:Hinduism_symbol.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Hinduism_symbol.png/220px-Hinduism_symbol.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="230" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c1/Hinduism_symbol.png 1.5x" data-file-width="266" data-file-height="278" /></a><figcaption>Hinduismi sümbol Pranava "Om"</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fail:A_havan_ceremony_on_the_banks_of_Ganges,_Muni_ki_Reti,_Rishikesh.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/A_havan_ceremony_on_the_banks_of_Ganges%2C_Muni_ki_Reti%2C_Rishikesh.jpg/220px-A_havan_ceremony_on_the_banks_of_Ganges%2C_Muni_ki_Reti%2C_Rishikesh.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/A_havan_ceremony_on_the_banks_of_Ganges%2C_Muni_ki_Reti%2C_Rishikesh.jpg/330px-A_havan_ceremony_on_the_banks_of_Ganges%2C_Muni_ki_Reti%2C_Rishikesh.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/A_havan_ceremony_on_the_banks_of_Ganges%2C_Muni_ki_Reti%2C_Rishikesh.jpg/440px-A_havan_ceremony_on_the_banks_of_Ganges%2C_Muni_ki_Reti%2C_Rishikesh.jpg 2x" data-file-width="768" data-file-height="1024" /></a><figcaption>Havani tseremoonia Gangese kaldal Rishikeshis</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Hinduism</b> on <a href="/wiki/Veedad" title="Veedad">veedadega</a> seotud India õpetuste ja religioonide üldnimetus. Laiemas mõttes tähendab hinduism India ühiskonnakorraldust, religiooni ja kultuuri üldse, kitsamas mõttes aga veedadest alguse saanud, <a href="/wiki/Brahmanism" title="Brahmanism">brahmanismiga</a> jätkunud ning hiljem <a href="/wiki/Budism" title="Budism">budismi</a> ja <a href="/wiki/D%C5%BEainism" title="Džainism">džainismi</a> mõjul muutunud traditsioonide kogumit viimasel paaril aastatuhandel.<sup id="cite_ref-iml_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-iml-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>, </p><p>Hinduism on üks <a href="/wiki/Dharmalik_religioon" class="mw-redirect" title="Dharmalik religioon">dharmalikest religioonidest</a> <a href="/wiki/Budism" title="Budism">budismi</a>, <a href="/wiki/D%C5%BEainism" title="Džainism">džainismi</a> ja <a href="/wiki/Sikhism" title="Sikhism">sikhismi</a> kõrval. Hinduismi võib pidada ka <a href="/wiki/Usund" title="Usund">usundite</a> kogumiks, sest ta sisaldab mitmesuguseid <a href="/wiki/Jumal" title="Jumal">jumala</a>- ja <a href="/wiki/Soterioloogia" title="Soterioloogia">lunastuskäsitlusi</a>. Hinduismi järgijaid nimetatakse <b>hinduistideks</b> või ka <b>hindudeks</b>. </p><p>Hinduismi järgijate arv kasvab kiiresti. 2010. aastal hinnati hinduistide arvu kogu maailmas umbes 950 miljonile, mis oli umbes 14% maailma rahvastikust.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Seda peetakse järgijate arvult kolmandaks usundiks maailmas.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Indias on umbes 80% elanikkonnast hinduistid. Suured hinduistide kogukonnad on ka <a href="/wiki/Nepal" title="Nepal">Nepalis</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bangladesh" title="Bangladesh">Bangladeshis</a>, <a href="/wiki/Indoneesia" title="Indoneesia">Indoneesias</a>, <a href="/wiki/Malaisia" title="Malaisia">Malaisias</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tai" title="Tai">Tais</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sri_Lanka" title="Sri Lanka">Sri Lankal</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pakistan" title="Pakistan">Pakistanis</a> jm. Briti ülemvõim Indias soodustas hinduismi levikut <a href="/wiki/Euroopa" title="Euroopa">Euroopasse</a> ja <a href="/wiki/P%C3%B5hja-Ameerika" title="Põhja-Ameerika">Põhja-Ameerikasse</a>. <a href="/wiki/Migratsioon" class="mw-redirect" title="Migratsioon">Migratsiooni</a> tõttu on hinduistlikke <a href="/wiki/Tempel" title="Tempel">templeid</a> rajatud paljudes maades. Hinduismi ajalooline ja kultuuriline mõju ulatub <a href="/wiki/Kesk-Aasia" title="Kesk-Aasia">Kesk-Aasiast</a> kuni <a href="/wiki/Indoneesia" title="Indoneesia">Indoneesia</a> ja <a href="/wiki/Filipiinid" title="Filipiinid">Filipiinideni</a>. Maailma suurim hinduistlik tempel, <a href="/wiki/Angkor_Wat" title="Angkor Wat">Angkor Wat</a>, asus muistse <a href="/w/index.php?title=Khmeri_impeerium&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Khmeri impeerium (pole veel kirjutatud)">Khmeri impeeriumi</a> pealinnas Angkoris, tänapäevase <a href="/wiki/Kambod%C5%BEa" title="Kambodža">Kambodža</a> alal. </p><p>Sajandite jooksul kujunes hinduismis kõrgelt arenenud filosoofia, mida esindavad klassikalised kuus koolkonda ehk <a href="/wiki/Dar%C5%A1ana" title="Daršana">daršanat</a>, samuti kirjandus, mille väljapaistvaimad teosed on <a href="/wiki/Eepos" title="Eepos">eeposed</a> «<a href="/wiki/Mah%C4%81bh%C4%81rata" title="Mahābhārata">Mahābhārata</a>» ja «<a href="/wiki/R%C4%81m%C4%81jana" title="Rāmājana">Rāmājana</a>». </p><p>Hinduismi peamiseks sihiks on vabanemine ehk <a href="/wiki/Mok%C5%A1a" title="Mokša">mokša</a> ja selleni jõudmisel on põhikontseptsiooniks individuaalse surematu <a href="/wiki/Hing" title="Hing">hinge</a> <a href="/wiki/Aatman" title="Aatman">aatmani</a> ühinemine jumaliku absoluudi <a href="/wiki/Brahman" title="Brahman">brahmaniga</a>. Selleni püütakse jõuda mitmesuguste vaimsete harjutuste abil, millest tuntumad on <a href="/w/index.php?title=P%C3%BChendumine&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pühendumine (pole veel kirjutatud)">pühendumine</a> ja <a href="/wiki/Jooga" title="Jooga">jooga</a>. </p><p>Hinduism on väga salliv: peamine nõue on (vähemalt formaalselt) tunnistada <a href="/wiki/Veedad" title="Veedad">veedade</a> autoriteeti. Hinduismis on neli suunda või omaette religiooni: <a href="/wiki/Vi%C5%A1nuism" title="Višnuism">višnuism</a>, <a href="/wiki/%C5%A0ivaism" title="Šivaism">šivaism</a>, <a href="/wiki/%C5%A0aktism" title="Šaktism">šaktism</a> ja <a href="/w/index.php?title=Smartism&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Smartism (pole veel kirjutatud)">smartism</a> ning kuus koolkonda: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Nyaya&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nyaya (pole veel kirjutatud)">nyaya</a>, <a href="/wiki/Vaisheshika" class="mw-redirect" title="Vaisheshika">vaisheshika</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=S%C4%81mkhya&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sāmkhya (pole veel kirjutatud)">sāmkhya</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jooga" title="Jooga">jooga</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mimaansa" title="Mimaansa">mimansa</a> ja <a href="/wiki/Vedaanta" title="Vedaanta">vedaanta</a>. Kõigil neil on omakorda palju järglas-koolkondi ja/või traditsioone. Kõik suunad ja koolkonnad tunnustavad üksteist ning samaaegselt võib järgida mitmeid suundi ja koolkondi. </p><p>Hinduismis puudub rajaja ja ühtne organisatsioon, kuid on palju sarnase aluse ning ajalooga organisatsioone. Hinduism võib olla <a href="/wiki/Traditsioon" title="Traditsioon">traditsiooniline</a>, <a href="/wiki/Religioon" title="Religioon">religioosne</a>, <a href="/wiki/Maagia" title="Maagia">maagiline</a>, <a href="/wiki/Filosoofia" title="Filosoofia">filosoofiline</a> jne. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Mõiste"><span id="M.C3.B5iste"></span>Mõiste</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hinduism&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Muuda alaosa "Mõiste"" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>muuda</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hinduism&action=edit&section=1" title="Muuda alaosa "Mõiste" lähteteksti"><span>muuda lähteteksti</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fail:Rigvedic_geography.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Rigvedic_geography.jpg/220px-Rigvedic_geography.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="157" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Rigvedic_geography.jpg/330px-Rigvedic_geography.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Rigvedic_geography.jpg/440px-Rigvedic_geography.jpg 2x" data-file-width="756" data-file-height="539" /></a><figcaption>Rigveda geograafia ja Harappa linn</figcaption></figure> <p>Mõiste "hinduism" võeti kasutusele 19. sajandi esimesel poolel Euroopas. Sõna algpäritolu on seotud <a href="/wiki/Indus" title="Indus">Induse</a> (<i>Sindhu</i>) jõega ning selle piirkonna rahva ja kultuuriga. <i>Sindhu</i> <a href="/wiki/P%C3%A4rsia_keel" title="Pärsia keel">pärsiakeelne</a> versioon on <i>Hindu</i>, millega hakati tähistama indialasi ja Indiat (<i>Hindustān</i>) üldse ning selle põhjal loodi ka mõiste hinduism.<sup id="cite_ref-iml_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-iml-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Juba <a href="/wiki/P%C3%A4rsia" class="mw-redirect" title="Pärsia">Pärsia</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=P%C3%A4rsia_kuningas&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pärsia kuningas (pole veel kirjutatud)">kuningas</a> <a href="/wiki/Kyros_II" title="Kyros II">Kyros II</a> ja hiljem <a href="/wiki/Aleksander_Suur" title="Aleksander Suur">Aleksander Suur</a> nimetasid sealset elanikkonda <a href="/wiki/Indus" title="Indus">Induse</a> jõe järgi hindudeks. </p><p>Alates <a href="/wiki/8._sajand" title="8. sajand">8. sajandi</a> algusest hakkasid <a href="/wiki/Islam" title="Islam">islamiusulised</a> Indiat vallutama. <a href="/wiki/Muslim" title="Muslim">Muslimid</a>, kes Indiasse elama asusid, ei nimetanud ennast hindudeks (indialasteks), vaid kasutasid seda sõna ainult India mittemuslimitest elanike kohta. Islami usku pöördunud indialasi nimetati <i>hindustani</i>. </p><p>Nõnda omandas algselt puhtgeograafiline mõiste religioosse tähenduse: hindu mõiste ei olnud seotud konkreetsete uskumuste ega tegudega, vaid islami usku mittekuulumisega. </p><p>Hinduismi järgijad ise tähistavad oma traditsiooni enamasti <a href="/wiki/Sanskriti_keel" title="Sanskriti keel">sanskritikeelse</a> terminiga <i>sanātana dharma</i> ‘kestev <a href="/wiki/Seadmus" class="mw-redirect" title="Seadmus">seadmus</a>’.<sup id="cite_ref-iml_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-iml-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Ajalugu">Ajalugu</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hinduism&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Muuda alaosa "Ajalugu"" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>muuda</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hinduism&action=edit&section=2" title="Muuda alaosa "Ajalugu" lähteteksti"><span>muuda lähteteksti</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Hinduismi juured ulatuvad <a href="/w/index.php?title=3000_eKr&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="3000 eKr (pole veel kirjutatud)">3000 eKr</a> <a href="/wiki/Induse_kultuur" title="Induse kultuur">Induse kultuuri</a>. Umbes 3000–<a href="/w/index.php?title=1500_eKr&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1500 eKr (pole veel kirjutatud)">1500 eKr</a> eksisteeris <a href="/wiki/Indus" title="Indus">Induse</a> jõe orus <a href="/wiki/Harappa" title="Harappa">Harappa</a> ehk Induse <a href="/w/index.php?title=P%C3%B5lluharimine&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Põlluharimine (pole veel kirjutatud)">põlluharijate</a> <a href="/wiki/Linn" title="Linn">linnakultuur</a>, mille kandjad olid ilmselt <a href="/wiki/Draviidid" title="Draviidid">draviidid</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Varajane_faas:_veedade_usund">Varajane faas: veedade usund</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hinduism&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Muuda alaosa "Varajane faas: veedade usund"" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>muuda</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hinduism&action=edit&section=3" title="Muuda alaosa "Varajane faas: veedade usund" lähteteksti"><span>muuda lähteteksti</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fail:Yajna1.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Yajna1.jpg/220px-Yajna1.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="176" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Yajna1.jpg/330px-Yajna1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Yajna1.jpg/440px-Yajna1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="960" data-file-height="768" /></a><figcaption>Braahman viib läbi ohverdamistseremooniat havanit Kerala osariigis Indias</figcaption></figure> <p>Hinduismi varajast perioodi, umbes 1500 – 800 eKr, nimetatakse <a href="/wiki/Veedad" title="Veedad">veedade</a> ajastuks, mis viitab nende alustekstide loomise ajale. Veedasid peetakse tänapäevalgi pühadeks, kuigi nende tegelik mõju ja tähendus hinduismis on võrreldes varasemaga tunduvalt vähenenud.<sup id="cite_ref-iml_1-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-iml-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Veedade religioon oli polüteistlik ja selle mütoloogia sarnanes teiste muistsete indoeuroopa rahvaste, eriti iraanlaste, mütoloogiaga. Üldiselt arvatakse, et veedade religiooni kandjateks olid aarjalased, kes tungisid Indiasse mitme lainena alates II aastatuhande keskelt eKr. Mõned tänapäeva India teadlased arvavad aga, et nii veedade religioon kui ka aarjalased on põliselt India päritolu. Viimane sedastus asetaks hinduismi tekkimise palju varasemasse aega ning siis hõlmaks hinduism ka <a href="/wiki/Indus" title="Indus">Induse</a> kultuuri aegseid ideid ja uskumusi. Kuid ka vastupidisel juhul võis veedade religioon saada mõjutusi enne seda India pinnal eksisteerinud draviidide religioonist, millest paraku ei ole kirjalikke mälestisi. Hilisemad religioossed arusaamad ning mütoloogia on juba segu aarjalaste ja draviidide traditsioonidest.<sup id="cite_ref-iml_1-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-iml-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Teine_faas:_brahmanism">Teine faas: brahmanism</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hinduism&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Muuda alaosa "Teine faas: brahmanism"" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>muuda</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hinduism&action=edit&section=4" title="Muuda alaosa "Teine faas: brahmanism" lähteteksti"><span>muuda lähteteksti</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Veedade perioodile järgnes umbes 800 eKr <a href="/wiki/Brahmanism" title="Brahmanism">brahmanism</a>, mis on nimetuse saanud <a href="/wiki/Braahman" title="Braahman">braahmanite</a> keskse osa järgi kultuses ja ühiskondlikus elus. Seoses <a href="/wiki/Budism" title="Budism">budismi</a> ja <a href="/wiki/D%C5%BEainism" title="Džainism">džainismi</a> esilekerkimisega I aastatuhande teisel poolel eKr kaotas brahmanism endise mõjujõu, eriti oli see märgatav <a href="/wiki/A%C5%A1oka" title="Ašoka">Ašoka</a> valitsemisajal 3. saj eKr ja Kušaanide impeeriumis esimestel sajanditel.<sup id="cite_ref-iml_1-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-iml-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Brahmanism" title="Brahmanism">Brahmanism</a> oli <a href="/wiki/Preester" title="Preester">preestritekeskne</a> ohverdamisreligioon. <a href="/wiki/Braahman" title="Braahman">Braahmanitest</a> preestrid sooritasid ohverdamistseremooniaid <i>puja'sid</i>, mille eesmärgiks oli säilitada maailma korrastatus riitustel tekkiva imeväe abil. <a href="/wiki/Jumalad" title="Jumalad">Jumalate</a> roll oli väike. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Kolmas_faas:_hinduism">Kolmas faas: hinduism</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hinduism&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Muuda alaosa "Kolmas faas: hinduism"" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>muuda</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hinduism&action=edit&section=5" title="Muuda alaosa "Kolmas faas: hinduism" lähteteksti"><span>muuda lähteteksti</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Hinduismi uus tõus algas Guptade valitsemisajal 4.–6. saj. Järgmistel sajanditel kujunes hinduism põhijoontes niisuguseks, nagu me seda tänapäeval tunneme. Kõige olulisemateks pühadeks raamatuteks said <a href="/wiki/Puraanad" title="Puraanad">puraanad</a> ja eeposed, <a href="/wiki/Jumal" title="Jumal">jumalatest</a> tõusid esile <a href="/wiki/%C5%A0iva" title="Šiva">Šiva</a> ja <a href="/wiki/Vi%C5%A1nu" title="Višnu">Višnu</a> ning mõjukaks sai <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bhakti&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bhakti (pole veel kirjutatud)">bhakti</a></i> suund. Kui pärast muslimite vallutusi 8.–13. saj kadus <a href="/wiki/Budism" title="Budism">budism</a> Indiast täielikult, jäi hinduism põhiliseks omamaiseks religiooniks. Kuigi muslimid püüdsid pidevalt ka “paganlikku” hinduismi välja juurida, ei õnnestunud see neil ning Briti kolonisatsiooni all (mis sai alguse 17. sajandi lõpu vallutustest) tugevnes hinduism taas. Üks seda soodustavaid tegureid oli asjaolu, et Briti võimud tegid koostööd hinduismi järgivate maharadžadega.<sup id="cite_ref-iml_1-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-iml-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Brahmanismi-järgset hinduismi on raske nimetada ühtseks religiooniks, sest see hõlmab väga erinevaid suundi ja koolkondi. Kõikide nende põhilisteks ühistunnusteks on veedade (formaalne) austamine ning <a href="/wiki/Karma" title="Karma">teo</a> (sanskriti keeles <i>karma</i>) ja teovilja (sanskriti keeles <i>karmaphala</i>) seaduse ning <a href="/wiki/%C3%9Cmbers%C3%BCnd" class="mw-redirect" title="Ümbersünd">ümbersünni</a> õpetuste tunnistamine. Veedade pühadus on samas üsna nominaalne ja tänapäeva hinduism veedasid eriti ei aktsepteeri. Samuti tõlgendavad hinduismi eri suunad veedasid üsna erinevalt nii nagu ka teo ja teovilja ning ümbersünni mõisteid.<sup id="cite_ref-iml_1-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-iml-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Pühad_tekstid"><span id="P.C3.BChad_tekstid"></span>Pühad tekstid</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hinduism&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Muuda alaosa "Pühad tekstid"" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>muuda</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hinduism&action=edit&section=6" title="Muuda alaosa "Pühad tekstid" lähteteksti"><span>muuda lähteteksti</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Hinduismi <a href="/wiki/P%C3%BChakiri" title="Pühakiri">pühakirjad</a> jagunevad kahte suurde ossa: </p> <ul><li>Śruti (tähendusega see, mida on kuuldud) on hinduismi pühakirja kõige vanem ja kõige kõrgemalt austatud osa, mis pikka aega püsis vaid suulises pärimuses ja kuhu kuuluvad veedad, brahma raamatud, upanišadid, aranyakad ja samhitad.</li> <li>Smriti (tähendusega see, mis on meeles hoitud) esindab kirja pandud pühasid tekste ja sinna kuuluvad eeposed, puraanad, tantrad ja suutrad.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Śruti"><span id=".C5.9Aruti"></span>Śruti</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hinduism&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Muuda alaosa "Śruti"" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>muuda</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hinduism&action=edit&section=7" title="Muuda alaosa "Śruti" lähteteksti"><span>muuda lähteteksti</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fail:Rigveda_MS2097.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Rigveda_MS2097.jpg/220px-Rigveda_MS2097.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="211" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Rigveda_MS2097.jpg/330px-Rigveda_MS2097.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Rigveda_MS2097.jpg/440px-Rigveda_MS2097.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1100" data-file-height="1056" /></a><figcaption>19. sajandi algul paberile kirjutatud Rigveda tekstikatkend, mis asub Newberry raamatukogus Chicagos</figcaption></figure> <ul><li>Hinduismi varaseimad pühakirjad on <a href="/wiki/Veedad" title="Veedad">veedad</a>:</li></ul> <ol><li>Rigveeda</li> <li>Jadžurveeda</li> <li>Samaveeda</li> <li>Atharvaveeda</li></ol> <p>Kõige varasem teos on <a href="/wiki/Rigveda" class="mw-redirect" title="Rigveda">Rigveda</a> (värsitarkus), kokkuvõte India mütoloogiast, sisaldades 1028 hümni paljudele erinevatele jumalatele. (Hümn ehk sukta tähendab 'kenasti öeldut'. Kõige lühem hümn on kirjutatud tulejumal <a href="/wiki/Agni" title="Agni">Agnile</a>, kõige pikem <a href="/w/index.php?title=S%C5%8Dma&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sōma (pole veel kirjutatud)">Sōmale</a>, mis on teatud jook, samas ka taim, millest see jook on valmistatud, ning ka joogi jumalus. </p> <ul><li>Brahma raamatud ehk Brahmanad on veedade selgitused ja preestrite rituaalsed käsiraamatud, mis kirjutati üles umbes 1000 – 800 eKr.</li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Upani%C5%A1adid" title="Upanišadid">Upanišadid</a> ehk Vedaanta on aastatest 800 – 600 eKr pärinevad tekstid, sisuliselt Brahma raamatute kommentaarid – usundifilosoofilised teosed, mida on umbes 200. Upanišadid kirjeldavad <a href="/wiki/Aatman" title="Aatman">Aatmani</a> ja <a href="/wiki/Brahman" title="Brahman">Brahmani</a> vahelist suhet. <i>Upanišad</i> – (õpetajate) jalge juures istuma (istudes kuulama), ei ole pärit preestrite sulest. Raamatud kirjutasid üles sõdalased ja valitsejad (kšatrijad). Upanišadid on enamiku India uskumuste ja traditsioonide aluseks.</li></ul> <ul><li>Aranyakad on veedade rituaalide filosoofilised selgitused.</li></ul> <ul><li>Samhitad on veedadega seonduvad mantrad, hümnid, palved jne.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Smriti">Smriti</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hinduism&veaction=edit&section=8" title="Muuda alaosa "Smriti"" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>muuda</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hinduism&action=edit&section=8" title="Muuda alaosa "Smriti" lähteteksti"><span>muuda lähteteksti</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Eeposed ehk Itihasa (sanskriti keeles 'ajalugu').</li></ul> <dl><dd><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ramayana" class="mw-redirect" title="Ramayana">Ramayana</a> on eepos, mille peategelaseks on legendaarne kuningas Rama.</li></ul></dd></dl> <dl><dd><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mahabharata" class="mw-redirect" title="Mahabharata">Mahabharata</a> on eepos, milles kaks suguvõsa omavahel võitlevad. Selle kõige tuntum osa on <a href="/wiki/Bhagavadg%C4%ABt%C4%81" title="Bhagavadgītā">Bhagavadgītā</a>, milles jumal <a href="/wiki/Kri%C5%A1na" title="Krišna">Krišna</a> jagab õpetusi.</li></ul></dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Puraanad" title="Puraanad">Puraanad</a> on põhiliselt jutustava sisuga, nende aluseks on veedade kokkuvõtted ja nad selgitavad hinduismi põhimõtteid väga lihtsal viisil, keskendudes müütidele maailma loomisest ja jumalatest, legendidele muistsetest valitsejatest jms. Hinduism kui üldrahvalik religioon põhinebki peamiselt puraanadel.</li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tantrad" title="Tantrad">Tantrad</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Suutra" title="Suutra">Suutrad</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Teoloogia">Teoloogia</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hinduism&veaction=edit&section=9" title="Muuda alaosa "Teoloogia"" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>muuda</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hinduism&action=edit&section=9" title="Muuda alaosa "Teoloogia" lähteteksti"><span>muuda lähteteksti</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fail:Kumbh-Mela-1998.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Kumbh-Mela-1998.jpg/220px-Kumbh-Mela-1998.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="143" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Kumbh-Mela-1998.jpg/330px-Kumbh-Mela-1998.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Kumbh-Mela-1998.jpg/440px-Kumbh-Mela-1998.jpg 2x" data-file-width="550" data-file-height="358" /></a><figcaption>Nāgade protsessioon Kumbha-Melal Haridwari linnas Indias 1998</figcaption></figure> <p>Hinduismi teoloogia pärineb veedade traditsioonist, millele on liidetud mitmesugused muud uskumused. Olulisemad mõisted on <a href="/wiki/Dharma" title="Dharma">dharma</a> (seadmus, isiklik ja/või üldine <a href="/wiki/Eetika" title="Eetika">eetika</a>, kombed ja kohustused); <a href="/wiki/Sansaara" title="Sansaara">sansaara</a> (ümbersündimine); <a href="/wiki/Karma" title="Karma">karma</a> (tegutsemine, põhjuslikkus) ja <a href="/wiki/Mok%C5%A1a" title="Mokša">mokša</a> (vabanemine ümbersündide ahelast). Teoloogilisi käsitlusi on hinduismis mitmeid. </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dharma" title="Dharma">Dharma</a> on 'seadmus, kohus', miks asjad on nii, nagu nad on.</li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Brahman" title="Brahman">Brahman</a> on <a href="/wiki/Jumal" title="Jumal">Jumal</a> kõrgeimas mõttes: lõpmatu, igavene ja ilma vormita, väljaspool <a href="/wiki/Aeg" title="Aeg">aega</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ruum" title="Ruum">ruumi</a> ja <a href="/wiki/P%C3%B5hjuslikkus" title="Põhjuslikkus">põhjuslikkust</a> eksisteeriv, kõike ja kõiki läbiv muutumatu <a href="/wiki/Teadvus" title="Teadvus">teadvuse</a> allikas, igavene printsiip.</li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aatman" title="Aatman">Aatman</a> või Atma (<i>Ātmā</i>, sanskrit: आत्‍मा) on hinduismis ja eriti <a href="/wiki/Vedaanta" title="Vedaanta">Vedaanta</a> koolkondades '<a href="/wiki/Hing" title="Hing">hing</a>' või 'maailmahing', mis annab <a href="/wiki/Elu" title="Elu">elu</a> kõigile olendeile.</li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=I%C5%A1vara&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Išvara (pole veel kirjutatud)">Išvara</a> (ka <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bhagav%C4%81n&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bhagavān (pole veel kirjutatud)">Bhagavān</a></i>, <i>Paramešvara</i>) on ülim kõikvõimas isiksustatud <a href="/wiki/Jumal" title="Jumal">Jumal</a>. Išvara on Jumala personaalne aspekt sõltumata konkreetsest <a href="/wiki/Jumalus" title="Jumalus">jumalusest</a> ning tal võib olla sugu, ta võib olla nagu isa või ema või isegi nagu sõber, laps või kallim. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Samkhya&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Samkhya (pole veel kirjutatud)">Samkhya</a> ja <a href="/wiki/Mimaansa" title="Mimaansa">Mimamsa</a> koolkonnad ei tunnusta Išvarat, kuid <a href="/wiki/Jooga" title="Jooga">jooga</a>, Vaisheshika, <a href="/wiki/Vedaanta" title="Vedaanta">Vedaanta</a> ja <a href="/wiki/Njaaja" title="Njaaja">Nyaya</a> koolkonnad kasutavad seda mõistet. <a href="/wiki/Advaita-vedaanta" title="Advaita-vedaanta">Advaita-vedaanta</a> kohaselt on Išvara üksnes <a href="/wiki/Brahman" title="Brahman">Brahmani</a> kujutlus inimese piiratud teadvuses, mistõttu ta ei esinda Ülimat Vaimu.</li></ul> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fail:Agni_deva.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Agni_deva.JPG/220px-Agni_deva.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="328" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Agni_deva.JPG/330px-Agni_deva.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Agni_deva.JPG/440px-Agni_deva.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1196" data-file-height="1784" /></a><figcaption>Deeva Agni</figcaption></figure> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Puru%C5%A1a&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Puruša (pole veel kirjutatud)">Puruša</a> on hinduismis 'universum ise', (<a href="/wiki/Carl_Gustav_Jung" title="Carl Gustav Jung">Jungi</a> <a href="/wiki/Arhet%C3%BC%C3%BCp" title="Arhetüüp">arhetüüpina</a> 'kosmiline inimene'), keda inimesed näevad ja tunnetavad erinevate <a href="/wiki/Deeva" title="Deeva">deevadena</a>. <a href="/wiki/Rigveda" class="mw-redirect" title="Rigveda">Rigveda</a> hümn (10.90) <a href="/w/index.php?title=Purusha_Sukta&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Purusha Sukta (pole veel kirjutatud)">Purusha Sukta</a> kirjeldab Purušat tuhandepäise ja tuhandejalgse hiiglasena, kelle vaim on <a href="/wiki/Kuu" title="Kuu">Kuu</a>, silmad on <a href="/wiki/P%C3%A4ike" title="Päike">Päike</a> ja hing on tuul. Puruša keha vastab neljale <a href="/wiki/Varna_(India)" title="Varna (India)">varnale</a>: tema peast või suust tulid <a href="/wiki/Braahman" title="Braahman">braahmanid</a>, tema kätest <a href="/w/index.php?title=K%C5%A1atrija&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kšatrija (pole veel kirjutatud)">kšatrijad</a>, reitest <a href="/w/index.php?title=Vai%C5%A1ja&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Vaišja (pole veel kirjutatud)">vaišjad</a> ning jalgadest <a href="/w/index.php?title=%C5%A0uudra&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Šuudra (pole veel kirjutatud)">šuudrad</a>. Purušast on tulnud ka <a href="/w/index.php?title=Viraj&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Viraj (pole veel kirjutatud)">Viraj</a>, naisalge, kelle kaudu toimuvad ümbersünnid. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Samkhya&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Samkhya (pole veel kirjutatud)">Samkhya</a> koolkond kasutab 'puruša' mõistet tähistamaks puhast teadvust.</li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Deeva" title="Deeva">Deevad</a> (<i>devatā</i>, <i>devī</i>) on hinduistlikud <a href="/wiki/Jumal" title="Jumal">jumalad</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jumalanna" title="Jumalanna">jumalannad</a> või <a href="/wiki/Jumalus" title="Jumalus">jumalused</a>. <a href="/wiki/Veedad" title="Veedad">Veedade</a> traditsiooni vanimad deevad on <a href="/wiki/Indra" title="Indra">Indra</a>,<a href="/wiki/Agni" title="Agni">Agni</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Soma&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Soma (pole veel kirjutatud)">Soma</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Savitri&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Savitri (pole veel kirjutatud)">Savitri</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rudra" title="Rudra">Rudra</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Prajapati&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Prajapati (pole veel kirjutatud)">Prajapati</a>, <a href="/wiki/Vi%C5%A1nu" title="Višnu">Višnu</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Aryaman&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Aryaman (pole veel kirjutatud)">Aryaman</a> ja <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ashvinid&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ashvinid (pole veel kirjutatud)">Ashvinid</a>; tähtsamad jumalannad on <a href="/wiki/Sarasvat%C4%AB" title="Sarasvatī">Sarasvatī</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=%C5%AA%E1%B9%A3%C4%81&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ūṣā (pole veel kirjutatud)">Ūṣā</a> ja <a href="/w/index.php?title=Prithv%C4%AB&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Prithvī (pole veel kirjutatud)">Prithvī</a>. Hilisemates pühakirjades (<a href="/wiki/Puraanad" title="Puraanad">Puraanades</a>) tõuseb esile <a href="/wiki/Trimurti" title="Trimurti">Trimurti</a>, Jumala kolm aspekti, mida esindavad <i>Mahadeevad</i> (suured jumalad): <a href="/wiki/Brahma" title="Brahma">Brahma</a>, <a href="/wiki/Vi%C5%A1nu" title="Višnu">Višnu</a> ja <a href="/wiki/%C5%A0iva" title="Šiva">Šiva</a>. <a href="/wiki/Puraanad" title="Puraanad">Puraanades</a> esineb deevadest veel <a href="/wiki/Gane%C5%A1a" title="Ganeša">Ganeša</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Hanuman&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hanuman (pole veel kirjutatud)">Hanuman</a> ning <a href="/wiki/Avataara" title="Avataara">avataarad</a> (<a href="/wiki/R%C4%81ma" title="Rāma">Rāma</a> ja <a href="/wiki/Kri%C5%A1na" title="Krišna">Krišna</a>), samuti jumalannad <a href="/w/index.php?title=Lakshm%C4%AB&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lakshmī (pole veel kirjutatud)">Lakshmī</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sarasvat%C4%AB" title="Sarasvatī">Sarasvatī</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Parvat%C4%AB&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Parvatī (pole veel kirjutatud)">Parvatī</a>, <a href="/wiki/Durg%C4%81" title="Durgā">Durgā</a>, <a href="/wiki/K%C4%81l%C4%AB" title="Kālī">Kālī</a> jt. Hinduistlikus religioosses praktikas pühendutakse tavaliselt ühele deevadest vastavalt perekondlikule või piirkondlikule traditsioonile.</li></ul> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fail:Krishna_defeats_Trinavarta.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Krishna_defeats_Trinavarta.jpg/220px-Krishna_defeats_Trinavarta.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="171" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Krishna_defeats_Trinavarta.jpg/330px-Krishna_defeats_Trinavarta.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Krishna_defeats_Trinavarta.jpg/440px-Krishna_defeats_Trinavarta.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3000" data-file-height="2335" /></a><figcaption>Krišna alistab deemonliku keeristormi Trinavarta</figcaption></figure> <ul><li>Kui deevad esindavad eelkõige universumi looduslikke aspekte, siis <a href="/wiki/Asura" class="mw-redirect" title="Asura">asurad</a> (mõnikord ka <a href="/wiki/Deemon" title="Deemon">deemoniteks</a> nimetatud) esindavad peamiselt eetilisi ja sotsiaalseid aspekte. <a href="/wiki/Varuna" title="Varuna">Varuna</a> koos <a href="/w/index.php?title=Mitra_(jumal)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mitra (jumal) (pole veel kirjutatud)">Mitraga</a> valitsevad <a href="/w/index.php?title=Rta&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rta (pole veel kirjutatud)">rta</a> (seadmuse), aususe, sõpruse üle, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Bhaga&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bhaga (pole veel kirjutatud)">Bhaga</a> valitseb <a href="/wiki/Abielu" title="Abielu">abielu</a> jne. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Vritra&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Vritra (pole veel kirjutatud)">Vritra</a> esineb <a href="/wiki/Veedad" title="Veedad">veedades</a> mao või draakoni kujul, võitleb <a href="/wiki/Deeva" title="Deeva">deevadega</a> (<a href="/wiki/Indra" title="Indra">Indra</a> ja <a href="/wiki/Vi%C5%A1nu" title="Višnu">Višnuga</a>) ning jääb neile alla.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Peasuunad">Peasuunad</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hinduism&veaction=edit&section=10" title="Muuda alaosa "Peasuunad"" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>muuda</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hinduism&action=edit&section=10" title="Muuda alaosa "Peasuunad" lähteteksti"><span>muuda lähteteksti</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Hinduismis on neli peasuunda. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Višnuism"><span id="Vi.C5.A1nuism"></span>Višnuism</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hinduism&veaction=edit&section=11" title="Muuda alaosa "Višnuism"" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>muuda</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hinduism&action=edit&section=11" title="Muuda alaosa "Višnuism" lähteteksti"><span>muuda lähteteksti</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Vi%C5%A1nuism" title="Višnuism">Višnuismis</a> ehk vaišnavismis on keskne kohal maailma hoidja ja armastuse jumal <a href="/wiki/Vi%C5%A1nu" title="Višnu">Višnu</a>, kelle tähtsamad <a href="/wiki/Avataara" title="Avataara">avataarad</a> ehk <a href="/wiki/Reinkarnatsioon" title="Reinkarnatsioon">kehastused</a> on <a href="/wiki/R%C4%81ma" title="Rāma">Rāma</a> ja <a href="/wiki/Kri%C5%A1na" title="Krišna">Krišna</a>. Rāma on oluline tegelane "<a href="/wiki/R%C4%81m%C4%81jana" title="Rāmājana">Rāmājanas</a>", Krišna "<a href="/wiki/Bhagavadg%C4%ABt%C4%81" title="Bhagavadgītā">Bhagavadgītās</a>" (osa "<a href="/wiki/Mah%C4%81bh%C4%81rata" title="Mahābhārata">Mahābhāratast</a>"). Višnu kaaslane on <a href="/wiki/Lak%C5%A1m%C4%AB" title="Lakšmī">Lakšmī</a>. Višnuism on kõige levinum hinduismi suund, selle järgijate tunnuseks on kolm püstjoont laubal. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Šivaism"><span id=".C5.A0ivaism"></span>Šivaism</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hinduism&veaction=edit&section=12" title="Muuda alaosa "Šivaism"" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>muuda</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hinduism&action=edit&section=12" title="Muuda alaosa "Šivaism" lähteteksti"><span>muuda lähteteksti</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/%C5%A0ivaism" title="Šivaism">Šivaismis</a> ehk šaivismis on keskne neljakäeline tantsiv, hävitav ja loov jumal <a href="/wiki/%C5%A0iva" title="Šiva">Šiva</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Šaktism"><span id=".C5.A0aktism"></span>Šaktism</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hinduism&veaction=edit&section=13" title="Muuda alaosa "Šaktism"" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>muuda</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hinduism&action=edit&section=13" title="Muuda alaosa "Šaktism" lähteteksti"><span>muuda lähteteksti</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Šakti on jumalik, loov vägi, mis korrastab maailma ja hoiab kaose (<i>tamas'e</i>) eest. Kasutatakse palju mantraid (loitse). Šaktismil palju on sekte ja filosoofiaid. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Brahman" title="Brahman">Brahmanit</a> peetakse maailmavaimuks, maailmakõiksuseks. <a href="/wiki/Aatman" title="Aatman">Aatmanon</a> indiviidi hing, mille ajutine asupaik on inimkeha. Šaktismi eesmärk on jõuda arusaamisele, et aatman on braahmaniga üks ja seesama ning ümbersündide kaudu lõpuks ühte sulada. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Karma" title="Karma">Karma</a> seaduse järgi määrab inimese eelmise elu tegude summa selle, kellena ta järgmises elus sünnib. Karma seadus välistab andestuse. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Sansaara" title="Sansaara">Sansaara</a> – inimese hinge <a href="/wiki/Taass%C3%BCnd" class="mw-redirect" title="Taassünd">taassünd</a> uutesse eludesse toimub vastavalt karma seadusele: vooruslikum elu viib paremasse sündi, halvem elu viib halvemasse sündi. Andestust ei ole, ebavooruslikkus lunastatakse vaid halvema sünniga. Siit tuleneb siinpoolse elu isiklik fatalism – vaesust ja õnnetust peetakse karma seaduse täitumiseks – eelmises elus halvasti elatu tulemuseks. Heade tegude tegemine võimaldab aga parema sünni. </p><p>Tähtsamad vabanemise teed: Inimese eesmärk on vabaneda sansaarast ja ühineda Brahmaniga <a href="/wiki/Mok%C5%A1a" title="Mokša">mokša</a> ehk vabanemise saavutamine. Selle saavutamiseks on erinevaid õpetusi. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Koolkonnad">Koolkonnad</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hinduism&veaction=edit&section=14" title="Muuda alaosa "Koolkonnad"" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>muuda</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hinduism&action=edit&section=14" title="Muuda alaosa "Koolkonnad" lähteteksti"><span>muuda lähteteksti</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Hinduismis on kuus ortodoksset (veedade autoriteeti tunnustavat) filosoofia süsteemi ehk <i><a href="/wiki/Darshana" class="mw-redirect" title="Darshana">darshana</a></i>t: <a href="/wiki/Njaaja" title="Njaaja">Nyaya</a>, <a href="/wiki/Vaisheshika" class="mw-redirect" title="Vaisheshika">Vaisheshika</a>, <a href="/wiki/Saankhja" title="Saankhja">Saankhja</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jooga" title="Jooga">Jooga</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mimaansa" title="Mimaansa">Mimamsa</a> ja <a href="/wiki/Vedaanta" title="Vedaanta">Vedaanta</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Vedaanta">Vedaanta</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hinduism&veaction=edit&section=15" title="Muuda alaosa "Vedaanta"" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>muuda</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hinduism&action=edit&section=15" title="Muuda alaosa "Vedaanta" lähteteksti"><span>muuda lähteteksti</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <dl><dd><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Next.svg/12px-Next.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Next.svg/18px-Next.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Next.svg/24px-Next.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="160" data-file-height="160" /></span></span> <i>Pikemalt artiklis <a href="/wiki/Vedaanta" title="Vedaanta">Vedaanta</a></i></dd></dl> <p>Vedaanta on <a href="/wiki/Veedad" title="Veedad">veedade</a> autoriteeti tunnistava hinduistliku filosoofia peasuund. Vedaanta ideid väljendavad <a href="/wiki/Upani%C5%A1adid" title="Upanišadid">upanišadid</a>, «<a href="/wiki/Bhagavadg%C4%ABt%C4%81" title="Bhagavadgītā">Bhagavadgītā</a>» ja Bādarājana <i>Brahmasūtra</i>. Nendele teostele on paljud india õpetlased hiljem kirjutanud hulgaliselt kommentaare. Tuntuim vedaanta alakoolkond on advaita-vedaanta ehk <a href="/wiki/Advaita" class="mw-redirect" title="Advaita">advaita</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Saankhja">Saankhja</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hinduism&veaction=edit&section=16" title="Muuda alaosa "Saankhja"" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>muuda</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hinduism&action=edit&section=16" title="Muuda alaosa "Saankhja" lähteteksti"><span>muuda lähteteksti</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <dl><dd><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Next.svg/12px-Next.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Next.svg/18px-Next.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Next.svg/24px-Next.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="160" data-file-height="160" /></span></span> <i>Pikemalt artiklis <a href="/wiki/Saankhja" title="Saankhja">Saankhja</a></i></dd></dl> <p>Saankhja (ka samkhya või sankhya) filosoofia peaidee on, et inimese tõeline vaimne loomus on eksituse tõttu langenud materiaalsuse küüsi. Vabanemine ehk kirgastumine tähendab hinge vabanemist mateeria ahelatest, mis saab toimuda läbi tunnetuse arendamise. Sankhya on gnostitsistlik õpetus, mis ei tunnistata jumalaid. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Jooga">Jooga</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hinduism&veaction=edit&section=17" title="Muuda alaosa "Jooga"" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>muuda</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hinduism&action=edit&section=17" title="Muuda alaosa "Jooga" lähteteksti"><span>muuda lähteteksti</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <dl><dd><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Next.svg/12px-Next.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Next.svg/18px-Next.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Next.svg/24px-Next.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="160" data-file-height="160" /></span></span> <i>Pikemalt artiklis <a href="/wiki/Jooga" title="Jooga">Jooga</a></i></dd></dl> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fail:Patanjali_Statue.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Patanjali_Statue.jpg/220px-Patanjali_Statue.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="149" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Patanjali_Statue.jpg/330px-Patanjali_Statue.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Patanjali_Statue.jpg/440px-Patanjali_Statue.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="540" /></a><figcaption>Maharishi Patanjali kuju Indias Haridwaris</figcaption></figure> <p>Jooga on filosoofia ja süsteem vaimseks arenguks ja vabanemiseks. Olulisemaks tekstiks on <a href="/wiki/Patanjali" class="mw-redirect" title="Patanjali">Patanjali</a> <a href="/wiki/Joogasuutra" class="mw-redirect" title="Joogasuutra">joogasuutrad</a>, millel põhineb klassikaline <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ashtanga_jooga&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ashtanga jooga (pole veel kirjutatud)">ashtanga jooga</a> ehk kaheksaosaline jooga. Jooga liike ja liigitusi on mitmeid: bhakti jooga, karma jooga, jnana jooga, <a href="/wiki/Hatha_jooga" class="mw-redirect" title="Hatha jooga">hatha jooga</a> jne. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Kultus">Kultus</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hinduism&veaction=edit&section=18" title="Muuda alaosa "Kultus"" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>muuda</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hinduism&action=edit&section=18" title="Muuda alaosa "Kultus" lähteteksti"><span>muuda lähteteksti</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fail:Ramakrishna.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Ramakrishna.jpg/220px-Ramakrishna.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="275" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Ramakrishna.jpg/330px-Ramakrishna.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Ramakrishna.jpg/440px-Ramakrishna.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1340" data-file-height="1675" /></a><figcaption>India guru <a href="/wiki/Ramakrishna" title="Ramakrishna">Ramakrishna</a> aastal 1885</figcaption></figure> <p>Hinduistlik jumalateenistus väga individuaalne, seda viiakse läbi kas kodus, looduses või templis. Erinevused tulenevad sellest, millisesse <a href="/wiki/Kastis%C3%BCsteem" title="Kastisüsteem">kasti</a> inimene kuulub või kus ta elab. Palveldakse kodudes, <a href="/wiki/Tempel" title="Tempel">templites</a> ja <a href="/wiki/Guru" title="Guru">gurude</a> – vaimsete õpetajate juures. Templiteenistust, mille oluliseks osaks on ohverdamine, <a href="/wiki/Protsessioon" title="Protsessioon">protsessioonid</a> ja mantrate (loitsude) laulmine, viivad läbi <a href="/wiki/Braahman" title="Braahman">brāhmanid</a>. <a href="/wiki/Ortodoksia" title="Ortodoksia">Ortodoksse</a> hinduisti kohuseks on vähemalt kord elus minna palverännakule <a href="/wiki/Ganges" title="Ganges">Gangese</a> äärde Varanasi. Populaarsed on kõiksugused rahvapeod ja festivalid, kuhu võib koguneda nii palju rahvast, et sadu inimesi tambitakse surnuks. Kodus peetakse perekondlike pidustustena üleminekuriitusi, st pereliikme siirdumist järgmisse eluetappi. Uskliku püha kohus on rakendada elus <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ahmisa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ahmisa (pole veel kirjutatud)">ahmisat</a> ehk vägivallatuse ideed, sellega seoses on populaarne <a href="/wiki/Taimetoitlus" title="Taimetoitlus">taimetoitlus</a> ja loomade austamine. Eriti püha on lehm, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Nandi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nandi (pole veel kirjutatud)">Nandi</a>, kui elu andev ema. Templite välisseinu kaunistavad skulptuuride read, nende vahel on seinamaalid erinevatest jumalustest. Maalingutel kirjutatakse koos jumalustega ka pühasid loomi, taimi ja sümboleid. Hinduistlik kunst peegeldab India kultuuris, ajaloos ja religioonis esinevat erinevuste ja vastandite kooseksisteerimist. India kunsti saab mõista ainult mõistes hinduismi, millest on tihedalt läbi põimunud ka muusika. Tähtsamad musitseerimisinstrumendid on <a href="/wiki/Sitar" title="Sitar">sitar</a> ja <a href="/wiki/Tabla" title="Tabla">tabla</a>. </p><p>Inimese elus on neli etappi: </p> <ol><li>õppimise aeg ehk lapsepõlv;</li> <li>kodu ja pere loomise aeg;</li> <li>erakuna elamise aeg;</li> <li>kerjusaskeedina rändamise aeg.</li></ol> <p>Need perioodid on eriti levinud kõrgemates kastides. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Hinduistliku_ühiskonna_eripära"><span id="Hinduistliku_.C3.BChiskonna_erip.C3.A4ra"></span>Hinduistliku ühiskonna eripära</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hinduism&veaction=edit&section=19" title="Muuda alaosa "Hinduistliku ühiskonna eripära"" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>muuda</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hinduism&action=edit&section=19" title="Muuda alaosa "Hinduistliku ühiskonna eripära" lähteteksti"><span>muuda lähteteksti</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fail:Beggar_India.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Beggar_India.jpg/220px-Beggar_India.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="206" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Beggar_India.jpg/330px-Beggar_India.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Beggar_India.jpg/440px-Beggar_India.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2638" data-file-height="2469" /></a><figcaption>Puutumatute kast Indias Jaipuris 2007. aastal</figcaption></figure> <p>Kastid (sanskriti keeles <i>varna</i> – 'värv' (märk otsa ees)) on suletud ühiskonnakihid, kuhu kuulutakse sünnipäraselt, kuid kust vastavalt oma karmale on võimalik järgmises elus liikuda kõrgemale või madalamale. Kastid ei vasta traditsioonilistele seisustele euroopalikus mõttes. Portugali maadeavastajad, kes jõudsid 15.–16. sajandil Indiasse, hakkasid varnasid nimetama lähima omakeelse vastega <i>casta</i>, mis tähendab seisust. </p><p>Kastid: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Braahman" title="Braahman">braahmanid</a> – preestrid;</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=K%C5%A1atrija&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kšatrija (pole veel kirjutatud)">kšatrijad</a> – sõdalased, valitsejad;</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vai%C5%A1ja&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Vaišja (pole veel kirjutatud)">vaišjad</a> – talupojad, põlluharijad, kaupmehed, pankurid ja käsitöölised;</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C5%A0uudra&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Šuudra (pole veel kirjutatud)">šuudrad</a> – teenijad, varem ka orjad.</li></ul> <p>Neli peamist kasti jagunevad paljudeks alamkastideks. </p><p>Hiljem lisandusid <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sanjaasi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sanjaasi (pole veel kirjutatud)">sanjaasid</a> – erakud, rändajad, kelle ainsaks eesmärgiks oli saavutada <a href="/wiki/Mok%C5%A1a" title="Mokša">mokša</a>. </p><p>Kolm kõrgemat kasti pärinevad aarja ajastust, neljas tekkis pärast Indiasse jõudmist alistatud rahva baasil. Seadustati Manu seadustes II sajandil. </p><p>Väljaspool kaste asuvad <a href="/w/index.php?title=Haridzan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Haridzan (pole veel kirjutatud)">haridzanid</a> ehk puutumatud, kes teevad roojaseks peetavaid töid. Ka neil on palju alamkaste. </p><p>Igal kastil on oma <a href="/wiki/Dharma" title="Dharma">dharma</a> ehk jumalik korraldus ja kohustused. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Vaata_ka">Vaata ka</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hinduism&veaction=edit&section=20" title="Muuda alaosa "Vaata ka"" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>muuda</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hinduism&action=edit&section=20" title="Muuda alaosa "Vaata ka" lähteteksti"><span>muuda lähteteksti</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sanskriti_keel" title="Sanskriti keel">Sanskriti keel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mandala" title="Mandala">Mandala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hinduism_Eestis" title="Hinduism Eestis">Hinduism Eestis</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Viited">Viited</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hinduism&veaction=edit&section=21" title="Muuda alaosa "Viited"" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>muuda</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hinduism&action=edit&section=21" title="Muuda alaosa "Viited" lähteteksti"><span>muuda lähteteksti</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="reflist" style="list-style-type: decimal;"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-iml-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-iml_1-0">1,0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-iml_1-1">1,1</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-iml_1-2">1,2</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-iml_1-3">1,3</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-iml_1-4">1,4</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-iml_1-5">1,5</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-iml_1-6">1,6</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-iml_1-7">1,7</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ida-motteloo-leksikon.fandom.com/et/wiki/Hinduism">Ida mõtteloo leksikon: hinduism.</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-2">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r6066747">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-free a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-registration a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-subscription a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:#d33}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:#d33}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#3a3;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151103201957/http://www.religioustolerance.org/hinduism5.htm">"Arhiivikoopia"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.religioustolerance.org/hinduism5.htm">Originaali</a> arhiivikoopia seisuga 3. november 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Vaadatud 20. novembril 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Arhiivikoopia&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.religioustolerance.org%2Fhinduism5.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fet.wikipedia.org%3AHinduism" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Mall:Netiviide" title="Mall:Netiviide">netiviide</a>}}</code>: CS1 hooldus: arhiivikoopia kasutusel pealkirjana (<a href="/wiki/Kategooria:CS1_hooldus:_arhiivikoopia_kasutusel_pealkirjana" title="Kategooria:CS1 hooldus: arhiivikoopia kasutusel pealkirjana">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-3">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r6066747"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130117183830/http://www.religioustolerance.org/hinduism.htm">"Religions of the world"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.religioustolerance.org/hinduism.htm/">Originaali</a> arhiivikoopia seisuga 17. jaanuar 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Vaadatud 24. juulil 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Religions+of+the+world.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.religioustolerance.org%2Fhinduism.htm%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fet.wikipedia.org%3AHinduism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-4">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ida-motteloo-leksikon.fandom.com/et/wiki/Vedaanta">Ida mõtteloo leksikon: Vedaanta.</a></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Kirjandus">Kirjandus</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hinduism&veaction=edit&section=22" title="Muuda alaosa "Kirjandus"" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>muuda</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hinduism&action=edit&section=22" title="Muuda alaosa "Kirjandus" lähteteksti"><span>muuda lähteteksti</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>BHAGAVADGÎTÂ. Sanskriti keelest tõlkinud Linnart Mäll. Loomingu Raamatukogu, 40/41, 1980. Teine väljaanne: Tartu, Biblio, 2000.</li> <li>Mahatma Gandhi. Maailm on väsinud vihkamast. Loomingu Raamatukogu, 41, 1969.</li> <li>Mütoloogiad kogu maailmast. Tallinn, Avita, 2002. Lk 92–103 <a href="/wiki/Eri:Raamatuotsimine/9985206401" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 9985-2-0640-1</a></li> <li>R. K. Narayan. Jumalad, deemonid ja teised. Tallinn, Eesti Raamat, 1990. <a href="/wiki/Eri:Raamatuotsimine/5450007361" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 5-450-00736-1</a></li> <li>Jawaharlal Nehru. India avastamine. Loomingu Raamatukogu, Lk 24–26, 1978.</li> <li>Leo Normet. Indiat leidmas. Tallinn, Eesti Raamat, 1977.</li> <li>Šukasaptati. Sanskriti keelest tõlkinud Linnart Mäll. Loomingu Raamatukogu, 12/123, 1983.</li> <li>VETÂLA kakskümmend viis juttu. Sanskriti keelest tõlkinud Linnart Mäll ja Uku Masing. Tallinn, Eesti Raamat, 1969.</li></ul>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Pärit leheküljelt "<a dir="ltr" href="https://et.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hinduism&oldid=6649939">https://et.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hinduism&oldid=6649939</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Eri:Kategooriad" title="Eri:Kategooriad">Kategooria</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kategooria:Hinduism" title="Kategooria:Hinduism">Hinduism</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Peidetud kategooriad: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kategooria:CS1_hooldus:_arhiivikoopia_kasutusel_pealkirjana" title="Kategooria:CS1 hooldus: arhiivikoopia kasutusel pealkirjana">CS1 hooldus: arhiivikoopia kasutusel pealkirjana</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategooria:Toimetamist_ootavad_(november_2015)" title="Kategooria:Toimetamist ootavad (november 2015)">Toimetamist ootavad (november 2015)</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategooria:Toimetamist_ootavad" title="Kategooria:Toimetamist ootavad">Toimetamist ootavad</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategooria:Keeletoimetamist_ootavad" title="Kategooria:Keeletoimetamist ootavad">Keeletoimetamist ootavad</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategooria:ISBN-v%C3%B5lulingiga_lehek%C3%BCljed" title="Kategooria:ISBN-võlulingiga leheküljed">ISBN-võlulingiga leheküljed</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> Selle lehekülje viimane muutmine: 10:35, 12. mai 2024.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Tekst on kasutatav vastavalt Creative Commonsi litsentsile "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.et">Autorile viitamine + jagamine samadel tingimustel</a>"; sellele võivad lisanduda täiendavad tingimused. 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