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href="/w/index.php?title=Special:%E7%94%A8%E6%88%B7%E7%99%BB%E5%BD%95&returnto=%E7%BE%8E%E5%9C%8B%E6%89%8B%E8%AA%9E&returntoquery=variant%3Dzh-mo" title="建議您登入，儘管並非必須。[o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>登入</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="更多選項" lang="zh-Hant-MO" dir="ltr"> <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="個人工具" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">個人工具</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="使用者選單" lang="zh-Hant-MO" dir="ltr"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?wmf_source=donate&wmf_medium=sidebar&wmf_campaign=zh.wikipedia.org&uselang=zh-mo"><span>資助維基百科</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:%E5%88%9B%E5%BB%BA%E8%B4%A6%E6%88%B7&returnto=%E7%BE%8E%E5%9C%8B%E6%89%8B%E8%AA%9E&returntoquery=variant%3Dzh-mo" title="我們建議您建立賬號並登入，但並非必要"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>建立帳號</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:%E7%94%A8%E6%88%B7%E7%99%BB%E5%BD%95&returnto=%E7%BE%8E%E5%9C%8B%E6%89%8B%E8%AA%9E&returntoquery=variant%3Dzh-mo" title="建議您登入，儘管並非必須。[o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>登入</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" lang="zh-Hant-MO" dir="ltr"> <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 用於已登出編輯者的頁面 <a href="/wiki/Help:%E6%96%B0%E6%89%8B%E5%85%A5%E9%96%80" aria-label="了解更多有關編輯"><span>了解更多</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E6%88%91%E7%9A%84%E8%B4%A1%E7%8C%AE" title="由此 IP 位址編輯的清單[y]" accesskey="y"><span>貢獻</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E6%88%91%E7%9A%84%E8%AE%A8%E8%AE%BA%E9%A1%B5" title="對於來自此IP地址編輯的討論[n]" accesskey="n"><span>討論</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="站台"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="目次" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">目次</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">移至側邊欄</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">隱藏</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">序言</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-美國手語的歷史" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#美國手語的歷史"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>美國手語的歷史</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-美國手語的歷史-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-美國手語的語言特色" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#美國手語的語言特色"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>美國手語的語言特色</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-美國手語的語言特色-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>切換美國手語的語言特色子章節</span> </button> <ul id="toc-美國手語的語言特色-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-形像性" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#形像性"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>形像性</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-形像性-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-文法" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#文法"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>文法</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-文法-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-書寫方式" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#書寫方式"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>書寫方式</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-書寫方式-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-「嬰兒手語」" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#「嬰兒手語」"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>「嬰兒手語」</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-「嬰兒手語」-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-靈長目動物與美國手語" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#靈長目動物與美國手語"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>靈長目動物與美國手語</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-靈長目動物與美國手語-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-參見" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#參見"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>參見</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-參見-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-參考書目" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#參考書目"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>參考書目</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-參考書目-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-外部連結" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#外部連結"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>外部連結</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-外部連結-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="目次" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" lang="zh-Hant-MO" dir="ltr"> <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="切換目次" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">切換目次</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading" lang="zh-Hant-MO" dir="ltr"><span class="mw-page-title-main">美國手語</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" lang="zh-Hant-MO" dir="ltr"> <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="前往別種語言的條目。有 59 種語言可用" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-59" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">59 種語言</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%D8%BA%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A5%D8%B4%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D9%85%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%83%D9%8A%D8%A9" title="لغة الإشارة الأمريكية – 阿拉伯文" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="لغة الإشارة الأمريكية" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="阿拉伯文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Llingua_de_signos_americana" title="Llingua de signos americana – 阿斯圖里亞文" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Llingua de signos americana" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="阿斯圖里亞文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A2%D9%85%D8%B1%DB%8C%DA%A9%D8%A7_%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%B4%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%87_%D8%AF%DB%8C%D9%84%DB%8C" title="آمریکا ایشاره دیلی – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="آمریکا ایشاره دیلی" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BC%D1%8D%D1%80%D1%8B%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%B6%D1%8D%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0" title="Амэрыканская жэставая мова – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Амэрыканская жэставая мова" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yezh_ar_Sino%C3%B9_Amerikanek" title="Yezh ar Sinoù Amerikanek – 布列塔尼文" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Yezh ar Sinoù Amerikanek" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="布列塔尼文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Llengua_de_signes_estatunidenca" title="Llengua de signes estatunidenca – 加泰蘭文" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Llengua de signes estatunidenca" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="加泰蘭文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-co mw-list-item"><a href="https://co.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingua_di_i_cenni_americana" title="Lingua di i cenni americana – 科西嘉文" lang="co" hreflang="co" data-title="Lingua di i cenni americana" data-language-autonym="Corsu" data-language-local-name="科西嘉文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Corsu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BC%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD" title="Амслен – 楚瓦什文" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Амслен" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="楚瓦什文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iaith_Arwyddion_America" title="Iaith Arwyddion America – 威爾斯文" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Iaith Arwyddion America" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="威爾斯文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/ASL" title="ASL – 丹麥文" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="ASL" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="丹麥文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_Sign_Language" title="American Sign Language – 德文" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="American Sign Language" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="德文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9D%CE%BF%CE%B7%CE%BC%CE%B1%CF%84%CE%B9%CE%BA%CE%AE_%CE%B3%CE%BB%CF%8E%CF%83%CF%83%CE%B1_%CE%97%CE%A0%CE%91" title="Νοηματική γλώσσα ΗΠΑ – 希臘文" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Νοηματική γλώσσα ΗΠΑ" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="希臘文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eml mw-list-item"><a href="https://eml.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%A8ngva_di_s%C3%A8gn_americ%C3%A0na" title="Lèngva di sègn americàna – Emiliano-Romagnolo" lang="egl" hreflang="egl" data-title="Lèngva di sègn americàna" data-language-autonym="Emiliàn e rumagnòl" data-language-local-name="Emiliano-Romagnolo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Emiliàn e rumagnòl</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="優良條目"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_Sign_Language" title="American Sign Language – 英文" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="American Sign Language" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="英文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Usona_signolingvo" title="Usona signolingvo – 世界文" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Usona signolingvo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="世界文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lengua_de_signos_estadounidense" title="Lengua de signos estadounidense – 西班牙文" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Lengua de signos estadounidense" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="西班牙文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amerikar_keinu_hizkuntza" title="Amerikar keinu hizkuntza – 巴斯克文" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Amerikar keinu hizkuntza" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="巴斯克文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B2%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%86_%D8%A7%D8%B4%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%87_%D8%A2%D9%85%D8%B1%DB%8C%DA%A9%D8%A7%DB%8C%DB%8C" title="زبان اشاره آمریکایی – 波斯文" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="زبان اشاره آمریکایی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="波斯文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amerikkalainen_viittomakieli" title="Amerikkalainen viittomakieli – 芬蘭文" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Amerikkalainen viittomakieli" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="芬蘭文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Langue_des_signes_am%C3%A9ricaine" title="Langue des signes américaine – 法文" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Langue des signes américaine" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="法文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fur mw-list-item"><a href="https://fur.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lenghe_dai_signse_americane" title="Lenghe dai signse americane – 弗留利文" lang="fur" hreflang="fur" data-title="Lenghe dai signse americane" data-language-autonym="Furlan" data-language-local-name="弗留利文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Furlan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingua_de_sinais_americana" title="Lingua de sinais americana – 加利西亞文" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Lingua de sinais americana" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="加利西亞文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gv mw-list-item"><a href="https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%87hengey_Chowree_Americaanagh" title="Çhengey Chowree Americaanagh – 曼島文" lang="gv" hreflang="gv" data-title="Çhengey Chowree Americaanagh" data-language-autonym="Gaelg" data-language-local-name="曼島文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaelg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A9%D7%A4%D7%AA_%D7%94%D7%A1%D7%99%D7%9E%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%9D_%D7%94%D7%90%D7%9E%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%A7%D7%90%D7%99%D7%AA" title="שפת הסימנים האמריקאית – 希伯來文" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="שפת הסימנים האמריקאית" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="希伯來文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_Sign_Language" title="American Sign Language – 斐濟印地文" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="American Sign Language" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="斐濟印地文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fiji Hindi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ameri%C4%8Dki_znakovni_jezik" title="Američki znakovni jezik – 克羅埃西亞文" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Američki znakovni jezik" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="克羅埃西亞文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B1%D5%B4%D5%A5%D6%80%D5%AB%D5%AF%D5%B5%D5%A1%D5%B6_%D5%AA%D5%A5%D5%BD%D5%BF%D5%A5%D6%80%D5%AB_%D5%AC%D5%A5%D5%A6%D5%B8%D6%82" title="Ամերիկյան ժեստերի լեզու – 亞美尼亞文" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Ամերիկյան ժեստերի լեզու" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="亞美尼亞文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bahasa_Isyarat_Amerika" title="Bahasa Isyarat Amerika – 印尼文" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Bahasa Isyarat Amerika" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="印尼文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingua_dei_segni_americana" title="Lingua dei segni americana – 義大利文" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Lingua dei segni americana" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="義大利文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%A2%E3%83%A1%E3%83%AA%E3%82%AB%E6%89%8B%E8%A9%B1" title="アメリカ手話 – 日文" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="アメリカ手話" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="日文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%AF%B8%EA%B5%AD_%EC%88%98%ED%99%94" title="미국 수화 – 韓文" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="미국 수화" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="韓文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingua_gesticulatoria_Americana" title="Lingua gesticulatoria Americana – 拉丁文" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Lingua gesticulatoria Americana" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="拉丁文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lij mw-list-item"><a href="https://lij.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lengua_di_Segni_American-a" title="Lengua di Segni American-a – 利古里亞文" lang="lij" hreflang="lij" data-title="Lengua di Segni American-a" data-language-autonym="Ligure" data-language-local-name="利古里亞文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ligure</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%A8ngua_dei_s%C3%A8gn_americ%C3%A0na" title="Lèngua dei sègn americàna – 倫巴底文" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Lèngua dei sègn americàna" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="倫巴底文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amerik%C4%81%C5%86u_z%C4%ABmju_valoda" title="Amerikāņu zīmju valoda – 拉脫維亞文" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Amerikāņu zīmju valoda" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="拉脫維亞文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abjad_tangan_Amerika_Syarikat" title="Abjad tangan Amerika Syarikat – 馬來文" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Abjad tangan Amerika Syarikat" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="馬來文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mt mw-list-item"><a href="https://mt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingwa_tas-Sinjali_Amerikana" title="Lingwa tas-Sinjali Amerikana – 馬爾他文" lang="mt" hreflang="mt" data-title="Lingwa tas-Sinjali Amerikana" data-language-autonym="Malti" data-language-local-name="馬爾他文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nap mw-list-item"><a href="https://nap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lenguaggio_d%22e_signe_mmerecano" title="Lenguaggio d"e signe mmerecano – 拿波里文" lang="nap" hreflang="nap" data-title="Lenguaggio d"e signe mmerecano" data-language-autonym="Napulitano" data-language-local-name="拿波里文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Napulitano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amerikaanse_Gebarentaal" title="Amerikaanse Gebarentaal – 荷蘭文" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Amerikaanse Gebarentaal" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="荷蘭文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amerikansk_tegnspr%C3%A5k" title="Amerikansk tegnspråk – 巴克摩挪威文" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Amerikansk tegnspråk" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="巴克摩挪威文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lenga_dij_segn_american-a" title="Lenga dij segn american-a – 皮埃蒙特文" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Lenga dij segn american-a" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="皮埃蒙特文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%ADngua_de_sinais_americana" title="Língua de sinais americana – 葡萄牙文" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Língua de sinais americana" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="葡萄牙文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rm badge-Q70893996 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://rm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingua_da_segns_americana" title="Lingua da segns americana – 羅曼斯文" lang="rm" hreflang="rm" data-title="Lingua da segns americana" data-language-autonym="Rumantsch" data-language-local-name="羅曼斯文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Rumantsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-roa-tara mw-list-item"><a href="https://roa-tara.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lenghe_de_le_signe_americhene" title="Lenghe de le signe americhene – Tarantino" lang="nap-x-tara" hreflang="nap-x-tara" data-title="Lenghe de le signe americhene" data-language-autonym="Tarandíne" data-language-local-name="Tarantino" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tarandíne</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BC%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD" title="Амслен – 俄文" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Амслен" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="俄文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Limba_de_sos_sinnos_americana" title="Limba de sos sinnos americana – 撒丁文" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="Limba de sos sinnos americana" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="撒丁文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sardu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingua_d%C3%AE_Signa_Miricana" title="Lingua dî Signa Miricana – 西西里文" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Lingua dî Signa Miricana" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="西西里文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_Sign_Leid" title="American Sign Leid – 蘇格蘭文" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="American Sign Leid" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="蘇格蘭文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A2%D9%85%D8%B1%D9%8A%DA%AA%D9%8A_%D8%B9%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%AA%D9%8A_%D9%BB%D9%88%D9%84%D9%8A" title="آمريڪي علامتي ٻولي – 信德文" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="آمريڪي علامتي ٻولي" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="信德文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_Sign_Language" title="American Sign Language – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="American Sign Language" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amerikanskt_teckenspr%C3%A5k" title="Amerikanskt teckenspråk – 瑞典文" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Amerikanskt teckenspråk" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="瑞典文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amerikan_%C4%B0%C5%9Faret_Dili" title="Amerikan İşaret Dili – 土耳其文" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Amerikan İşaret Dili" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="土耳其文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%B6%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0" title="Американська жестова мова – 烏克蘭文" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Американська жестова мова" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="烏克蘭文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%B1%DB%8C%DA%A9%DB%8C_%D8%A7%D8%B4%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AA%DB%8C_%D8%B2%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%86" title="امریکی اشاراتی زبان – 烏都文" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="امریکی اشاراتی زبان" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="烏都文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%81%C3%A9ngoa_dei_s%C3%A9gni_m%C3%A8ricana" title="Łéngoa dei ségni mèricana – 威尼斯文" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Łéngoa dei ségni mèricana" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="威尼斯文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ng%C3%B4n_ng%E1%BB%AF_k%C3%BD_hi%E1%BB%87u_M%E1%BB%B9" title="Ngôn ngữ ký hiệu Mỹ – 越南文" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Ngôn ngữ ký hiệu Mỹ" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="越南文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linggwahe_hin_Sinyales_Amerikana" title="Linggwahe hin Sinyales Amerikana – 瓦瑞文" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Linggwahe hin Sinyales Amerikana" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="瓦瑞文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E5%9B%BD%E6%89%8B%E8%AF%AD" title="美国手语 – 吳語" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="美国手语" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="吳語" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E5%9C%8B%E6%89%8B%E8%AA%9E" title="美國手語 – 粵語" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="美國手語" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="粵語" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q14759#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="編輯跨語言連結" class="wbc-editpage">編輯連結</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav 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div.NavHead:not(.notheme)[style]{background:transparent!important}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r84078810">@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-has-images-with-white-backgrounds img{background:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-has-images-with-white-backgrounds img{background:white}}</style><table class="infobox vevent infobox-has-images-with-white-backgrounds"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above above" style="color: black; background-color: silver;">美國手語</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader" style="font-weight: bold; color: black; background-color: silver;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en">American Sign Language</span></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Ase-AMERICAN_SIGN_LANGUAGE_2.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a4/Ase-AMERICAN_SIGN_LANGUAGE_2.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="77" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="223" data-file-height="69" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;;">母語國家和地區</th><td class="infobox-data" style=""><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/22px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/33px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/44px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E5%9B%BD" title="美國">美國</a>、<span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/22px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/33px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/44px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/%E5%8A%A0%E6%8B%BF%E5%A4%A7" title="加拿大">加拿大</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;;"><b>區域</b></th><td class="infobox-data" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%97%E7%BE%8E%E6%B4%B2" title="北美洲">北美洲</a>的英語區</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;;"><div style="padding:0.1em 0;line-height:1.2em;">母語使用人數</div></th><td class="infobox-data" style="">美國有50萬至200萬</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;;"><a href="/wiki/%E8%AF%AD%E8%A8%80%E7%B3%BB%E5%B1%9E%E5%88%86%E7%B1%BB" title="語言系屬分類">語系</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style=""><div style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9B%BD%E6%89%8B%E8%AF%AD%E8%AF%AD%E7%B3%BB" title="法國手語語系">法國手語語系</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;;"><a href="/wiki/%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97" title="文字">文字</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="">沒有一種被廣泛接受的文字 <br /> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Si5s&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Si5s（頁面不存在）">si5s</a>（ASLwrite）、<a href="/w/index.php?title=ASL-phabet&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ASL-phabet（頁面不存在）">ASL-phabet</a>、<a href="/w/index.php?title=Stokoe_notation&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Stokoe notation（頁面不存在）">Stokoe notation</a>、<a href="/w/index.php?title=SignWriting&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="SignWriting（頁面不存在）">SignWriting</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: black; background-color: silver;;">官方地位</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;;"><a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%98%E6%96%B9%E8%AF%AD%E8%A8%80" title="官方語言">作為官方語言</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="">無</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: black; background-color: silver;;">語言代碼</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;;"><a href="/wiki/ISO_639-3" title="ISO 639-3">ISO 639-3</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style=""><code><a href="https://iso639-3.sil.org/code/ase" class="extiw" title="iso639-3:ase">ase</a></code></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;;"><a href="/wiki/Glottolog" title="Glottolog">Glottolog</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style=""><code><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://glottolog.org/resource/languoid/id/asli1244">asli1244</a></code>  <span class="nowrap">ASL family</span><sup id="cite_ref-Glottolog_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Glottolog-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br /><code><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://glottolog.org/resource/languoid/id/amer1248">amer1248</a></code>  <span class="nowrap">ASL proper</span><sup id="cite_ref-Glottolog2_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Glottolog2-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style=""><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:ASL_map_(world).png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/ASL_map_%28world%29.png/300px-ASL_map_%28world%29.png" decoding="async" width="300" height="132" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/ASL_map_%28world%29.png/450px-ASL_map_%28world%29.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/ASL_map_%28world%29.png/600px-ASL_map_%28world%29.png 2x" data-file-width="1425" data-file-height="625" /></a></span></td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><span><video id="mwe_player_0" poster="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/American_Sign_Language_demo_-_Travis_Dougherty.ogv/220px--American_Sign_Language_demo_-_Travis_Dougherty.ogv.jpg" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="220" height="124" data-durationhint="46" data-mwtitle="American_Sign_Language_demo_-_Travis_Dougherty.ogv" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons" resource="/wiki/File:American_Sign_Language_demo_-_Travis_Dougherty.ogv"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/6/64/American_Sign_Language_demo_-_Travis_Dougherty.ogv/American_Sign_Language_demo_-_Travis_Dougherty.ogv.480p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="480p.vp9.webm" data-width="854" data-height="480" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/64/American_Sign_Language_demo_-_Travis_Dougherty.ogv" type="video/ogg; codecs="theora, vorbis"" data-width="960" data-height="540" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/6/64/American_Sign_Language_demo_-_Travis_Dougherty.ogv/American_Sign_Language_demo_-_Travis_Dougherty.ogv.144p.mjpeg.mov" type="video/quicktime" data-transcodekey="144p.mjpeg.mov" data-width="256" data-height="144" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/6/64/American_Sign_Language_demo_-_Travis_Dougherty.ogv/American_Sign_Language_demo_-_Travis_Dougherty.ogv.240p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="240p.vp9.webm" data-width="426" data-height="240" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/6/64/American_Sign_Language_demo_-_Travis_Dougherty.ogv/American_Sign_Language_demo_-_Travis_Dougherty.ogv.360p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="360p.vp9.webm" data-width="640" data-height="360" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/6/64/American_Sign_Language_demo_-_Travis_Dougherty.ogv/American_Sign_Language_demo_-_Travis_Dougherty.ogv.360p.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp8, vorbis"" data-transcodekey="360p.webm" data-width="640" data-height="360" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3AAmerican_Sign_Language_demo_-_Travis_Dougherty.ogv&lang=en&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="en" label="English‪（en）‬" data-dir="ltr" /></video></span><figcaption>美國手語樣例</figcaption></figure> <p><b>美國手語</b>（英語：<span lang="en">American Sign Language</span>，<a href="/wiki/%E7%B8%AE%E5%AF%AB" title="縮寫">縮寫</a>：<span lang="en">ASL</span>）是<a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E5%9C%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="美國">美國</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%8A%A0%E6%8B%BF%E5%A4%A7" title="加拿大">加拿大</a><a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%B1%E8%AA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="英語">英語</a>地區及<a href="/wiki/%E5%A2%A8%E8%A5%BF%E5%93%A5" title="墨西哥">墨西哥</a>部分地區最常用的<a href="/wiki/%E6%89%8B%E8%AA%9E" title="手語">手語</a>。一如其他手語，美國手語的<a href="/wiki/%E6%96%87%E6%B3%95" class="mw-redirect" title="文法">文法</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E8%AA%9E%E6%B3%95" class="mw-redirect" title="語法">語法</a>都和當地的<a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%A3%E8%AA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="口語">口語</a>不盡相同。目前還沒有可靠的調查，證實美國手語的母語使用人口；一般估計在二十萬至二百萬人之間。 </p><p>美國手語在<a href="/wiki/%E8%8F%B2%E5%BE%8B%E8%B3%93" class="mw-redirect" title="菲律賓">菲律賓</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E9%A9%AC%E6%9D%A5%E8%A5%BF%E4%BA%9A" title="馬來西亞">馬來西亞</a>、 <a href="/wiki/%E6%96%B0%E5%8A%A0%E5%9D%A1" title="新加坡">新加坡</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E9%A6%99%E6%B8%AF" title="香港">香港</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E8%B1%A1%E7%89%99%E6%B5%B7%E5%B2%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="象牙海岸">象牙海岸</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%B8%83%E5%90%89%E7%B4%8D%E6%B3%95%E7%B4%A2" title="布基納法索">布基納法索</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E8%BF%A6%E7%B4%8D" class="mw-redirect" title="加納">加納</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%9A%E5%93%A5" title="多哥">多哥</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E8%B2%9D%E5%AF%A7" class="mw-redirect" title="貝寧">貝寧</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%B0%BC%E6%97%A5%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="尼日利亞">尼日利亞</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E4%B9%8D%E5%BE%97" title="乍得">乍得</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%8A%A0%E8%93%AC" title="加蓬">加蓬</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%89%9B%E6%9E%9C%E6%B0%91%E4%B8%BB%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9C%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="剛果民主共和國">剛果民主共和國</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E9%9D%9E%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9C%8B" title="中非共和國">中非共和國</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%AF%9B%E9%87%8C%E5%A1%94%E5%B0%BC%E4%BA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="毛里塔尼亞">毛里塔尼亞</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E8%82%AF%E9%9B%85" class="mw-redirect" title="肯雅">肯雅</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E9%A6%AC%E9%81%94%E5%8A%A0%E6%96%AF%E5%8A%A0" class="mw-redirect" title="馬達加斯加">馬達加斯加</a>及<a href="/wiki/%E8%BE%9B%E5%B7%B4%E5%A8%81" title="津巴布韋">津巴布韋</a>等地也有使用者。 </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="美國手語的歷史"><span id=".E7.BE.8E.E5.9C.8B.E6.89.8B.E8.AA.9E.E7.9A.84.E6.AD.B7.E5.8F.B2"></span>美國手語的歷史</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%BE%8E%E5%9C%8B%E6%89%8B%E8%AA%9E&action=edit&section=1" title="編輯章節：美國手語的歷史"><span>編輯</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>如世界大部分國家，<a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E5%9C%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="美國">美國</a>的健聽家庭裏的失聰小孩往往會用自發的<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%AE%B6%E5%BA%AD%E6%89%8B%E5%8B%A2&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="家庭手勢（頁面不存在）">家庭手勢</a>做簡單交流；不過今天美國的中學及大學，很多都開辦美國手語課程。美國手語是一種有別於英語的語言──它有自己的語法及文法，並有自己獨有的文化。現代美國手語的起源取決於各種歷史因素和事件，其中包括了<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%81%BE%E4%BA%BA%E6%95%99%E8%82%B2&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="聾人教育（頁面不存在）">聾人教育</a>、北美洲原住民族所用的手勢、麻薩諸塞州裏一個小島的獨特情況、一位嘗試教導一名失聰女孩的教士、當然還少不了本身使用手語的聾人的創意與智慧。 </p><p>意大利於17世紀開始使用標準手語，而法國也於18世紀開始使用；這些標準手語為聾人教育訂下了基礎。<a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%A4%E6%B3%95%E5%9B%BD%E6%89%8B%E8%AF%AD" title="古法國手語">古法國手語</a>是由一位住在<a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%B4%E9%BB%8E" title="巴黎">巴黎</a>，名叫 <a href="/w/index.php?title=Charles-Michel_de_l%27Ep%C3%A9e&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Charles-Michel de l'Epée（頁面不存在）">Charles-Michel de l'Epée</a> 的修道院院長開發，在他的聾人學校裏使用。這些標準手語都是根據當地聾人一直使用的自然手語作為藍本，再配合當地口語的文法特色發展而成。 </p><p>美州印地安人使用<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%B9%B3%E5%9C%B0%E5%8D%B0%E5%9C%B0%E5%AE%89%E4%BA%BA%E6%89%8B%E8%AA%9E&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="平地印地安人手語（頁面不存在）">平地印地安人手語</a>作為族與族之間的<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%BA%9D%E9%80%9A%E8%AA%9E%E8%A8%80&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="溝通語言（頁面不存在）">溝通語言</a>，這種手語對美國手語的影響暫未可知。 </p><p>18世紀時，在<a href="/wiki/%E9%BA%BB%E8%96%A9%E8%AB%B8%E5%A1%9E%E5%B7%9E" title="麻薩諸塞州">麻薩諸塞州</a>對開海域，<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%91%AA%E8%8E%8E%E8%91%A1%E8%90%84%E5%9C%92&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="瑪莎葡萄園（頁面不存在）">瑪莎葡萄園</a>島上，由於<a href="/wiki/%E5%A5%A0%E5%9F%BA%E8%80%85%E6%95%88%E5%BA%94" title="奠基者效應">創始效應</a>以及該島離岸之故，聾人人口比例遠超於美國本土的水平；許多家庭都有失聰成員，因此<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%91%AA%E8%8E%8E%E8%91%A1%E8%90%84%E5%9C%92%E6%89%8B%E8%AA%9E&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="瑪莎葡萄園手語（頁面不存在）">瑪莎葡萄園手語</a>成為該島上無人不知的語言。當時的情況，讓島上幾乎所有人都能從小輕易習得手語。 </p><p>公理會教士及聾人教育者<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="湯瑪斯·霍金斯·高立德" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英語" data-foreign-title="Thomas Hopkins Gallaudet"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B9%AF%E7%91%AA%E6%96%AF%C2%B7%E9%9C%8D%E9%87%91%E6%96%AF%C2%B7%E9%AB%98%E7%AB%8B%E5%BE%B7&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="湯瑪斯·霍金斯·高立德（頁面不存在）">湯瑪斯·霍金斯·高立德</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英語</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Hopkins_Gallaudet" class="extiw" title="en:Thomas Hopkins Gallaudet"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Thomas Hopkins Gallaudet</span></a></span>）</span></span>被公認為將手語於北美洲發揚光大的第一人。當時在一位失聰少女 <a href="/w/index.php?title=Alice_Cogswell&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Alice Cogswell（頁面不存在）">Alice Cogswell</a> 的父親懇求下，高立德開始調查聾人教育法。19世紀初，他造訪了 Epée 在巴黎的學校，說服了該校一名老師<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="羅倫·克雷克" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英語" data-foreign-title="Laurent Clerc"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%BE%85%E5%80%AB%C2%B7%E5%85%8B%E9%9B%B7%E5%85%8B&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="羅倫·克雷克（頁面不存在）">羅倫·克雷克</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英語</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laurent_Clerc" class="extiw" title="en:Laurent Clerc"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Laurent Clerc</span></a></span>）</span></span>跟他回美國。1817年，他們兩人在<a href="/wiki/%E5%BA%B7%E4%B9%83%E7%8B%84%E5%85%8B%E5%B7%9E" title="康涅狄格州">康涅狄格州</a><a href="/wiki/%E5%93%88%E7%89%B9%E7%A6%8F" title="哈特福">哈特福</a>開辦了美國聾啞人院（現為<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.asd-1817.org/">美國聾人學校</a> （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20210505064925/http://www.asd-1817.org/">頁面存檔備份</a>，存於<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互聯網檔案館">互聯網檔案館</a>）），向美國失聰學生教導手語。 </p><p>各種歷史因素在該校融和，美國手語應運而生。該校許多學生都是從瑪莎葡萄園而來，並將他們自己的手語，跟克雷克的古法國手語混合使用；其他學生也帶來他們原居地的手語或「家庭手勢」。毫無疑問，學校裏的學生也自創了不少詞彙；如果北美原住民手語真的對美國手語帶來影響，應該也在當時吸納入美國手語當中。 </p><p>由於法國手語對該校早期的影響很大，現代美國手語的辭彙，有六成跟法國手語相同；而美國手語和英國手語則是幾乎完全不一樣。 </p><p>這所為聾人而設的公立學校畢業的學生，繼續將美國手語發揚光大。許多畢業生陸續在各個州開辦聾人學校，把高立德和克雷克的教育法傳授給不同的人，並致力伸展該手語，及予以標準化。不過正如其他語言，美國手語也有地域性特色。 </p><p>美國手語訂立後，於19世紀後期，<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8F%A3%E8%AA%9E%E4%B8%BB%E7%BE%A9&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="口語主義（頁面不存在）">口語主義</a>者與<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%89%8B%E8%AA%9E%E4%B8%BB%E7%BE%A9&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="手語主義（頁面不存在）">手語主義</a>者展開激烈的爭論，其中包括了不少德高望重的名人，如<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%9A%E5%8E%86%E5%B1%B1%E5%A4%A7%C2%B7%E6%A0%BC%E6%8B%89%E6%B1%89%E5%A7%86%C2%B7%E8%B4%9D%E5%B0%94" class="mw-redirect" title="亞歷山大·格拉漢姆·貝爾">亞歷山大·格拉漢姆·貝爾</a>。口語主義者贏得不少爭論；有很長一段時間，社會及學校裏都壓制了手語的使用。很多人甚至不把手語當成一種語言。這種情況在1955年有所改變，當時一名英文教授<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A8%81%E5%BB%89%C2%B7%E5%8F%B2%E6%89%98%E7%A7%91&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="威廉·史托科（頁面不存在）">威廉·史托科</a>在<a href="/wiki/%E9%AB%98%E7%AB%8B%E5%BE%B7%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%B8" title="高立德大學">高立德大學</a>受聘後，開始對美國手語着迷，並積極研究。後來，他在語言學期刊裏發表了美國手語的詳盡語言學分析，成功說服了學術界把美國手語視為自然語言。 </p><p>美國手語一直在發展；今天美國手語陸續增加各種手勢，以趕上日新月異的科技發展。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="美國手語的語言特色"><span id=".E7.BE.8E.E5.9C.8B.E6.89.8B.E8.AA.9E.E7.9A.84.E8.AA.9E.E8.A8.80.E7.89.B9.E8.89.B2"></span>美國手語的語言特色</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%BE%8E%E5%9C%8B%E6%89%8B%E8%AA%9E&action=edit&section=2" title="編輯章節：美國手語的語言特色"><span>編輯</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>美國手語是<a href="/wiki/%E8%87%AA%E7%84%B6%E8%AA%9E%E8%A8%80" class="mw-redirect" title="自然語言">自然語言</a>，已經由<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A8%81%E5%BB%89%C2%B7%E5%8F%B2%E6%89%98%E7%A7%91&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="威廉·史托科（頁面不存在）">威廉·史托科</a>證實，並受語言學者認同。這種手語利用手勢、動作及面部表情表達意思，常用於美國及加拿大的<a href="/wiki/%E8%81%BE" title="聾">聾</a>人及<a href="/wiki/%E5%BC%B1%E8%81%BD" class="mw-redirect" title="弱聽">弱聽</a>人口。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="形像性"><span id=".E5.BD.A2.E5.83.8F.E6.80.A7"></span>形像性</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%BE%8E%E5%9C%8B%E6%89%8B%E8%AA%9E&action=edit&section=3" title="編輯章節：形像性"><span>編輯</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>儘管手勢看來能明確表達意思，事實上手勢表達的概念也能像口語一樣抽象。例如，健聽小孩有時會用「你」一字去表示自己，因為他人都是用「你」來稱呼他們；習得「你」手勢（用食指指著對方）的小孩也會犯同樣錯誤──指着他人來表示自己──這顯示了美國手語中，指點般明確的手勢，也可以跟口語詞彙一樣抽象。 </p><p>不過，Edward Klima 及 Ursula Bellugi 對「手勢能自我解釋」的一般理論有不同看法，他們把手勢分成三組： </p> <ul><li>透明：非手語使用者通常能正確猜出其涵義</li> <li>半透明：非手語使用者經解釋後能明白其涵義</li> <li>不透明：非手語使用者無法猜出其涵義</li></ul> <p>Klima 與 Bellugi 用美國手語作分類；然而非手語使用者根本無法了解流利而連續的手語，大部分手勢都是不透明的，「手勢能自我解釋」的理論也因此被推翻。 </p><p>（「透明」手勢通常表達在美國手語創立後才流通的詞語，不過這情形也有例外。） </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="文法"><span id=".E6.96.87.E6.B3.95"></span>文法</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%BE%8E%E5%9C%8B%E6%89%8B%E8%AA%9E&action=edit&section=4" title="編輯章節：文法"><span>編輯</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>美國手語利用空間位置、動作、及上下文去表示<a href="/wiki/%E6%96%87%E6%B3%95" class="mw-redirect" title="文法">文法</a>。例如： </p> <ul><li>如果手語使用者打了一個名詞的手勢後，指向某一點，他稍後能再指向該點去表示原來的名詞，這種方法被稱為「設立」。比方說，你在論及住在紐約阿爾巴尼的祖母後，用手指向你右肩膀的一處；當你再次談論她的時候，無須再打「祖母」的手勢，而只需要指向你右肩膀的同一點即可。</li></ul> <ul><li>如果想加強動詞或形容詞的語氣（例如把「冷靜」說為「非常冷靜」），手語使用者會調整打手勢的方式，先強硬保持手掌的姿態，然後再迅速完成該手勢；另一種方式是特意放慢手勢的速度，以突顯它的重要性或程度。</li></ul> <ul><li>翹起眉頭表示「是非」問題。而皺眉則表示「何事」問題，需要答題者提供更多資訊；用文字表達的話，按情形解作「何人」、「何事」、「何時」、「何地」、「為何」、「如何」等。</li></ul> <ul><li>像某些口語（如漢語），美國手語交談時少用系動詞（「be」等）。要打「We are going to the store tomorrow.」（我們明天去商店）一句的手勢，美國手語可以打成： <ul><li>我們去明天商店</li> <li>明天商店我們去</li> <li>商店我們去明天</li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li>個別美國手語使用者不會用「因為」一詞，而會把句子分為問題與答案。比方說：「我喜歡吃<a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%A9%E5%A4%A7%E5%88%A9%E9%BA%B5" class="mw-redirect" title="意大利麵">意大利麵</a>，因為我是<a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%A9%E5%A4%A7%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%BA" title="意大利人">意大利人</a>」一句，可能會打成「我喜歡吃意大利麵，為甚麼？我是意大利人。」雖然「因為」一詞的手勢已經比較多人使用，但是分拆式的表達方式到現在依然通用。</li></ul> <ul><li>有些手勢可以根據上下文在不同地方使用；「痛楚」的手勢（兩根食指互指，先互相推近，然後互相移開）可以打在腿旁，意指腿部的痛楚。</li></ul> <ul><li>面部表情在美國手語裏扮演重要的角色。要打「憤怒」的手勢，手語使用者的臉上也要有憤怒的神情。如果打手語時不用表情，就像使用口語的人說話時，只用一個聲調一樣乏味。</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="書寫方式"><span id=".E6.9B.B8.E5.AF.AB.E6.96.B9.E5.BC.8F"></span>書寫方式</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%BE%8E%E5%9C%8B%E6%89%8B%E8%AA%9E&action=edit&section=5" title="編輯章節：書寫方式"><span>編輯</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>美國手語經常以全部字母大寫的英語詞來表示，不過這種書寫方式因為不能表達手語的微妙之處而顯得十分粗糙；美國手語與英語之間沒有一對一的翻譯，手語裏的屈折形式在翻譯成英語時大有失色。 </p><p>要真正書寫美國手語，有兩種方式：<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A8%81%E5%BB%89%C2%B7%E5%8F%B2%E6%89%98%E7%A7%91&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="威廉·史托科（頁面不存在）">威廉·史托科</a>發展出一套<a href="/wiki/%E9%9F%B3%E4%BD%8D" title="音位">音位</a>字母，加上一套區別符號去表示每種手形、動作及位置（不過還不能表達面部表情）；另外有一種叫<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="手語書寫體" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英語" data-foreign-title="SignWriting"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%89%8B%E8%AA%9E%E6%9B%B8%E5%AF%AB%E9%AB%94&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="手語書寫體（頁面不存在）">手語書寫體</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英語</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SignWriting" class="extiw" title="en:SignWriting"><span lang="en" dir="auto">SignWriting</span></a></span>）</span></span>的書寫方式，利用抽象圖形表示每個手勢的各種型態。手語書寫體常見於聾人學生報等刊物裏。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="「嬰兒手語」"><span id=".E3.80.8C.E5.AC.B0.E5.85.92.E6.89.8B.E8.AA.9E.E3.80.8D"></span>「嬰兒手語」</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%BE%8E%E5%9C%8B%E6%89%8B%E8%AA%9E&action=edit&section=6" title="編輯章節：「嬰兒手語」"><span>編輯</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <dl><dd><i>主條目：<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%AC%B0%E5%85%92%E6%89%8B%E8%AA%9E&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="嬰兒手語（頁面不存在）">嬰兒手語</a></i></dd></dl> <p>近年研究發現美國手語對健聽兒童的智力有正面影響。從嬰兒期被教授手語的孩子，在未<a href="/wiki/%E5%84%BF%E7%AB%A5#成長" title="兒童">發展</a>出說話能力時，父母就能提早跟他們溝通，這可能加速了兒童的語言與認知能力的發展。 </p><p>不過，尚未能說話的小孩，往往也未有充分的手部協調去打美國手語，使用較簡單手形和動作的「嬰兒手語」應運而生。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="靈長目動物與美國手語"><span id=".E9.9D.88.E9.95.B7.E7.9B.AE.E5.8B.95.E7.89.A9.E8.88.87.E7.BE.8E.E5.9C.8B.E6.89.8B.E8.AA.9E"></span>靈長目動物與美國手語</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%BE%8E%E5%9C%8B%E6%89%8B%E8%AA%9E&action=edit&section=7" title="編輯章節：靈長目動物與美國手語"><span>編輯</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>據說，美國手語也曾傳授給<a href="/wiki/%E9%BB%91%E7%8C%A9%E7%8C%A9" title="黑猩猩">黑猩猩</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%B4%E8%AB%BE%E5%B8%83%E7%8C%BF" class="mw-redirect" title="巴諾布猿">巴諾布猿</a>及<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E7%8C%A9%E7%8C%A9" title="大猩猩">大猩猩</a>等動物，某些動物更據稱能使用超過一百種手勢；不過對於<a href="/wiki/%E9%9D%88%E9%95%B7%E7%9B%AE" class="mw-redirect" title="靈長目">靈長目</a>動物能否掌握手語，各界還沒有一致認同。當<a href="/wiki/%E8%8F%AF%E7%A7%80_(%E7%8C%A9%E7%8C%A9)" class="mw-redirect" title="華秀 (猩猩)">華秀</a>研究隊伍邀請動物管理員觀察並列出華秀猩猩使用的手語時，健聽人員提交了長長的列表，不過管理員中的唯一一位聾人，使用美國手語作<a href="/wiki/%E6%AF%8D%E8%AA%9E" title="母語">母語</a>的管理員所提交的列表卻空白一片。她解釋說，華秀並沒有真正打出手語，牠打的只是簡單手勢。而<a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%AF%E5%8F%AF_(%E7%8C%A9%E7%8C%A9)" class="mw-redirect" title="可可 (猩猩)">可可</a>與華秀的研究人員拒絕與<a href="/wiki/%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%A6%E5%AE%B6" title="科學家">科學界</a>分享研究數據，更煽動了不少爭議。目前，語言學家並不接納非人類靈長目動物能習得美國手語或其他語言的理論；儘管如此，猿類動物學習手語的研究仍在繼續中，偶而也會被媒體報導。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="參見"><span id=".E5.8F.83.E8.A6.8B"></span>參見</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%BE%8E%E5%9C%8B%E6%89%8B%E8%AA%9E&action=edit&section=8" title="編輯章節：參見"><span>編輯</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E5%9B%BD%E9%BB%91%E4%BA%BA%E6%89%8B%E8%AF%AD" title="美國黑人手語">美國黑人手語</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E5%9C%8B%E6%89%8B%E8%AA%9E%E5%AD%97%E6%AF%8D" title="美國手語字母">美國手語字母</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%A2%BA%E5%AF%A6%E8%8B%B1%E8%AA%9E%E6%89%8B%E8%AA%9E&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="確實英語手語（頁面不存在）">確實英語手語</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%AB%98%E7%AB%8B%E5%BE%B7%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%B8" title="高立德大學">高立德大學</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%81%BE%E4%BA%BA%E5%82%B3%E8%AD%AF%E5%93%A1%E7%99%BB%E8%A8%98%E8%99%95&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="聾人傳譯員登記處（頁面不存在）">聾人傳譯員登記處</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%89%8B%E8%AF%AD" class="mw-redirect" title="手語">手語</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="參考書目"><span id=".E5.8F.83.E8.80.83.E6.9B.B8.E7.9B.AE"></span>參考書目</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%BE%8E%E5%9C%8B%E6%89%8B%E8%AA%9E&action=edit&section=9" title="編輯章節：參考書目"><span>編輯</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r80540462">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-100{font-size:100%}</style><div class="refbegin" style=""> <ul><li><cite class="citation book">Groce, Nora Ellen. Everyone Here Spoke Sign Language: Hereditary Deafness on Martha's Vineyard. Cambridge: <a href="/wiki/Harvard_University_Press" class="mw-redirect" title="Harvard University Press">Harvard University Press</a>. 1988. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/9780674270411" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 978-0-674-27041-1</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E7%BE%8E%E5%9C%8B%E6%89%8B%E8%AA%9E&rft.au=Groce%2C+Nora+Ellen&rft.btitle=Everyone+Here+Spoke+Sign+Language%3A+Hereditary+Deafness+on+Martha%27s+Vineyard&rft.date=1988&rft.genre=book&rft.pub=Cambridge%3A+Harvard+University+Press&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite class="citation book">Klima, Edward, and Bellugi, Ursula. The Signs of Language. Cambridge: <a href="/wiki/Harvard_University_Press" class="mw-redirect" title="Harvard University Press">Harvard University Press</a>. 1979. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/9780674807952" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 978-0-674-80795-2</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E7%BE%8E%E5%9C%8B%E6%89%8B%E8%AA%9E&rft.au=Klima%2C+Edward%2C+and+Bellugi%2C+Ursula&rft.btitle=The+Signs+of+Language&rft.date=1979&rft.genre=book&rft.pub=Cambridge%3A+Harvard+University+Press&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite class="citation book">Stokoe, William C. Dictionary of American Sign Language on Linguistic Principles. Linstok Press. 1976. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/9780932130013" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 978-0-932130-01-3</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E7%BE%8E%E5%9C%8B%E6%89%8B%E8%AA%9E&rft.au=Stokoe%2C+William+C.&rft.btitle=Dictionary+of+American+Sign+Language+on+Linguistic+Principles&rft.date=1976&rft.genre=book&rft.pub=Linstok+Press&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="外部連結"><span id=".E5.A4.96.E9.83.A8.E9.80.A3.E7.B5.90"></span>外部連結</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%BE%8E%E5%9C%8B%E6%89%8B%E8%AA%9E&action=edit&section=10" title="編輯章節：外部連結"><span>編輯</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r82655521">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:#f9f9f9;display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox" style="font-size:small;"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r82655520">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Incubator-logo.svg/32px-Incubator-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Incubator-logo.svg/48px-Incubator-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Incubator-logo.svg/64px-Incubator-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="799" data-file-height="1000" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E7%B6%AD%E5%9F%BA%E5%AD%B5%E8%82%B2%E5%A0%B4" title="Wikipedia:維基孵育場">維基孵育場</a>的<a href="/wiki/%E7%B6%AD%E5%9F%BA%E7%99%BE%E7%A7%91" class="mw-redirect" title="維基百科">維基百科</a>語言試驗版：<b><a href="https://incubator.wikimedia.org/wiki/Wp/ase" class="extiw" title="incubator:Wp/ase">美國手語試驗版</a></b></div></div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r82655521"><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox" style="font-size:small;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r82655520"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><a href="/wiki/%E7%BB%B4%E5%9F%BA%E5%85%B1%E4%BA%AB%E8%B5%84%E6%BA%90" title="維基共享資源">維基共享資源</a>上的相關多媒體資源：<a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:American_Sign_Language" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:American Sign Language"><span style="font-weight:bold;">美國手語</span></a></div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bu.edu/asllrp/">The American Sign Language Linguistics Research Project</a> （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20210505132320/http://www.bu.edu/asllrp/">頁面存檔備份</a>，存於<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互聯網檔案館">互聯網檔案館</a>） <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bu.edu/asllrp/publications.html">Publications of the ASLLRP</a> （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20110606051140/http://www.bu.edu/asllrp/publications.html">頁面存檔備份</a>，存於<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互聯網檔案館">互聯網檔案館</a>）</li></ul></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lifeprint.com/">ASL Resource Site</a> （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20171216140253/http://www.lifeprint.com/">頁面存檔備份</a>，存於<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互聯網檔案館">互聯網檔案館</a>） Free online lessons, ASL dictionary, and resources for teachers, students, and parents.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.handspeak.com/">HandSpeak</a> （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20050406034945/http://www.handspeak.com/">頁面存檔備份</a>，存於<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互聯網檔案館">互聯網檔案館</a>） a leading online website on ASL, International Sign, Gestures, Baby Sign, and more.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.deaflibrary.org/asl.html">About ASL</a> （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20130519230633/http://www.deaflibrary.org/asl.html">頁面存檔備份</a>，存於<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互聯網檔案館">互聯網檔案館</a>） - article at <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.deaflibrary.org">deaflibrary.org</a> （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20110403051711/http://www.deaflibrary.org/">頁面存檔備份</a>，存於<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互聯網檔案館">互聯網檔案館</a>）</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ethnologue.com/show_language.asp?code=ase">Ethnologue entry on ASL</a> （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20121207135947/http://www.ethnologue.com/show_language.asp?code=ase">頁面存檔備份</a>，存於<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互聯網檔案館">互聯網檔案館</a>）</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://commtechlab.msu.edu/sites/aslweb/browser.htm">Videos Dictionary of ASL</a> （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20110624011433/http://commtechlab.msu.edu/sites/aslweb/browser.htm">頁面存檔備份</a>，存於<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互聯網檔案館">互聯網檔案館</a>）</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://newportwebs.com/thomas/">Chimpanzees & Sign Language</a> （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20160325052547/http://newportwebs.com/thomas/">頁面存檔備份</a>，存於<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互聯網檔案館">互聯網檔案館</a>） - article focusing on chimpanzee communication through sign language.</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r84265675">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist 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style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/061614378">IdRef</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Glottolog-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Glottolog_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Hammarström, Harald; Forkel, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin; Bank, Sebastian (編). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://glottolog.org/resource/languoid/id/asli1244">ASLic</a>. <a href="/wiki/Glottolog" title="Glottolog">Glottolog 2.7</a>. Jena: Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History. 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E7%BE%8E%E5%9C%8B%E6%89%8B%E8%AA%9E&rft.atitle=ASLic&rft.au=Bank%2C+Sebastian&rft.au=Forkel%2C+Robert&rft.au=Haspelmath%2C+Martin&rft.aufirst=Harald&rft.aulast=Hammarstr%C3%B6m&rft.btitle=Glottolog+2.7&rft.date=2016&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.place=Jena&rft.pub=Max+Planck+Institute+for+the+Science+of+Human+History&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fglottolog.org%2Fresource%2Flanguoid%2Fid%2Fasli1244&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Glottolog2-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Glottolog2_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Hammarström, Harald; Forkel, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin; Bank, Sebastian (編). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://glottolog.org/resource/languoid/id/amer1248">American Sign Language</a>. <a href="/wiki/Glottolog" title="Glottolog">Glottolog 2.7</a>. Jena: Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History. 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E7%BE%8E%E5%9C%8B%E6%89%8B%E8%AA%9E&rft.atitle=American+Sign+Language&rft.au=Bank%2C+Sebastian&rft.au=Forkel%2C+Robert&rft.au=Haspelmath%2C+Martin&rft.aufirst=Harald&rft.aulast=Hammarstr%C3%B6m&rft.btitle=Glottolog+2.7&rft.date=2016&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.place=Jena&rft.pub=Max+Planck+Institute+for+the+Science+of+Human+History&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fglottolog.org%2Fresource%2Flanguoid%2Fid%2Famer1248&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> </ol>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1&useformat=desktop" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="" lang="zh-Hant-MO" dir="ltr">取自 "<a dir="ltr" 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