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id="toc-Classification-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Strategic" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Strategic"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Strategic</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Strategic-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Tactical" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tactical"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Tactical</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Tactical-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-History" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#History"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>History</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-History-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle History subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-History-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Early_bombers" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Early_bombers"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Early bombers</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Early_bombers-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Strategic_bombing" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Strategic_bombing"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Strategic bombing</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Strategic_bombing-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-World_War_II" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#World_War_II"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>World War II</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-World_War_II-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Cold_War" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cold_War"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4</span> <span>Cold War</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cold_War-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Modern_era" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Modern_era"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.5</span> <span>Modern era</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Modern_era-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Other_uses" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Other_uses"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Other uses</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Other_uses-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Bomber</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 75 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-75" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">75 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bomwerper" title="Bomwerper – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Bomwerper" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%82%D8%A7%D8%B0%D9%81%D8%A9_%D9%82%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%A8%D9%84" title="قاذفة قنابل – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="قاذفة قنابل" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bombardero" title="Bombardero – Aragonese" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Bombardero" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bombarderu" title="Bombarderu – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Bombarderu" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bombardman%C3%A7%C4%B1" title="Bombardmançı – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Bombardmançı" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Po%CC%8Dk-kek-ki" title="Po̍k-kek-ki – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Po̍k-kek-ki" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B1%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B4%D0%B7%D1%96%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%9E%D1%88%D1%87%D1%8B%D0%BA" title="Бамбардзіроўшчык – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Бамбардзіроўшчык" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B1%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%87" title="Бомбардировач – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Бомбардировач" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bombarder" title="Bombarder – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Bombarder" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bombarder" title="Bombarder – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Bombarder" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bombard%C3%A9r" title="Bombardér – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Bombardér" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bombefly" title="Bombefly – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Bombefly" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bomber" title="Bomber – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Bomber" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nv mw-list-item"><a href="https://nv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chid%C3%AD_naat%CA%BCa%CA%BC%C3%ADtsoh_bee%CA%BCeld%C7%AB%C7%ABh_bik%C7%AB%CA%BC_neiy%C3%A9h%C3%A9" title="Chidí naatʼaʼítsoh beeʼeldǫǫh bikǫʼ neiyéhé – Navajo" lang="nv" hreflang="nv" data-title="Chidí naatʼaʼítsoh beeʼeldǫǫh bikǫʼ neiyéhé" data-language-autonym="Diné bizaad" data-language-local-name="Navajo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Diné bizaad</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pommitaja" title="Pommitaja – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Pommitaja" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%92%CE%BF%CE%BC%CE%B2%CE%B1%CF%81%CE%B4%CE%B9%CF%83%CF%84%CE%B9%CE%BA%CF%8C_%CE%B1%CE%B5%CF%81%CE%BF%CF%83%CE%BA%CE%AC%CF%86%CE%BF%CF%82" title="Βομβαρδιστικό αεροσκάφος – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Βομβαρδιστικό αεροσκάφος" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bombardero" title="Bombardero – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Bombardero" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bombaviadilo" title="Bombaviadilo – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Bombaviadilo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bonbaketari" title="Bonbaketari – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Bonbaketari" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D9%85%D8%A8%E2%80%8C%D8%A7%D9%81%DA%A9%D9%86" title="بمب‌افکن – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="بمب‌افکن" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bombardier_(avion)" title="Bombardier (avion) – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Bombardier (avion)" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bommesmiter" title="Bommesmiter – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Bommesmiter" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bombardeiro" title="Bombardeiro – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Bombardeiro" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%8F%AD%EA%B2%A9%EA%B8%B0" title="폭격기 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="폭격기" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%95" title="बमवर्षक – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="बमवर्षक" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bombarder" title="Bombarder – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Bombarder" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bombardaviono" title="Bombardaviono – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Bombardaviono" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pesawat_pengebom" title="Pesawat pengebom – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Pesawat pengebom" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sprengjuflugv%C3%A9l" title="Sprengjuflugvél – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Sprengjuflugvél" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bombardiere" title="Bombardiere – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Bombardiere" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9E%D7%A4%D7%A6%D7%99%D7%A5" title="מפציץ – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="מפציץ" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B1%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%83%D1%88%D1%8B" title="Бомбалаушы – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Бомбалаушы" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bumbved%C4%93js" title="Bumbvedējs – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Bumbvedējs" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bombone%C5%A1is" title="Bombonešis – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Bombonešis" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bombarder" title="Bombarder – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Bombarder" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bomb%C3%A1z%C3%B3" title="Bombázó – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Bombázó" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B1%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Бомбардер – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Бомбардер" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%AC%E0%B5%8B%E0%B4%82%E0%B4%AC%E0%B5%BC_%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AE%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%A8%E0%B4%82" title="ബോംബർ വിമാനം – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ബോംബർ വിമാനം" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pesawat_pengebom" title="Pesawat pengebom – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Pesawat pengebom" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D3%A9%D0%BC%D0%B1%D3%A9%D0%B3%D0%B4%D3%A9%D0%B3%D1%87_%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%86" title="Бөмбөгдөгч онгоц – Mongolian" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Бөмбөгдөгч онгоц" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongolian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%97%E1%80%AF%E1%80%B6%E1%80%B8%E1%80%80%E1%80%BC%E1%80%B2%E1%80%9C%E1%80%B1%E1%80%9A%E1%80%AC%E1%80%89%E1%80%BA" title="ဗုံးကြဲလေယာဉ် – Burmese" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="ဗုံးကြဲလေယာဉ်" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Burmese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bommenwerper" title="Bommenwerper – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Bommenwerper" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%88%86%E6%92%83%E6%A9%9F" title="爆撃機 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="爆撃機" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bombefly" title="Bombefly – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Bombefly" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bombefly" title="Bombefly – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Bombefly" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bombardier" title="Bombardier – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Bombardier" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bombardimonchi" title="Bombardimonchi – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Bombardimonchi" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%AC%E0%A9%B0%E0%A8%AC%E0%A8%B0" title="ਬੰਬਰ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਬੰਬਰ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D9%85%D8%A8%D8%B1_(%DB%81%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%A6%DB%8C_%D8%AC%DB%81%D8%A7%D8%B2)" title="بمبر (ہوائی جہاز) – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="بمبر (ہوائی جہاز)" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/1:_%D8%A8%D9%85_%D8%A7%DA%86%D9%88%D9%86%DA%A9%DB%90_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%88%D8%AA%DA%A9%DB%90" title="1: بم اچونکې الوتکې – Pashto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="1: بم اچونکې الوتکې" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="Pashto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samolot_bombowy" title="Samolot bombowy – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Samolot bombowy" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bombardeiro" title="Bombardeiro – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Bombardeiro" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bombardier" title="Bombardier – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Bombardier" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B1%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%89%D0%B8%D0%BA" title="Бомбардировщик – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Бомбардировщик" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bombarduesi" title="Bombarduesi – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Bombarduesi" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%B6%E0%B7%9D%E0%B6%B8%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%B6_%E0%B7%84%E0%B7%99%E0%B6%BD%E0%B6%B1_%E0%B6%9C%E0%B7%94%E0%B7%80%E0%B6%B1%E0%B7%8A_%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B6%B1%E0%B7%8F" title="බෝම්බ හෙලන ගුවන් යානා – Sinhala" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="බෝම්බ හෙලන ගුවන් යානා" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="Sinhala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bomber" title="Bomber – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Bomber" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bombardovacie_lietadlo" title="Bombardovacie lietadlo – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Bombardovacie lietadlo" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bombnik" title="Bombnik – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Bombnik" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%DB%86%D9%85%D8%A8%DA%BE%D8%A7%D9%88%DB%8E%DA%98" title="بۆمبھاوێژ – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="بۆمبھاوێژ" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B1%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Бомбардерски авион – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Бомбардерски авион" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bombarder" title="Bombarder – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Bombarder" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pommikone" title="Pommikone – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Pommikone" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bombflygplan" title="Bombflygplan – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Bombflygplan" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%A3%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%B5%E0%AF%80%E0%AE%9A%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9A%E0%AF%81_%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%82%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%BF" title="குண்டுவீச்சு வானூர்தி – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="குண்டுவீச்சு வானூர்தி" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bomba%C4%9Fa_totu%C3%A7%C4%B1" title="Bombağa totuçı – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Bombağa totuçı" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B7%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%94" title="เครื่องบินทิ้งระเบิด – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="เครื่องบินทิ้งระเบิด" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D1%83%D0%BC%D0%B1%D0%B0%D1%84%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Бумбафкан – Tajik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Бумбафкан" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tajik" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bombard%C4%B1man_u%C3%A7a%C4%9F%C4%B1" title="Bombardıman uçağı – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Bombardıman uçağı" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B1%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B4%D1%83%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA" title="Бомбардувальник – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Бомбардувальник" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D9%85%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B1_%D8%B7%DB%8C%D8%A7%D8%B1%DB%81" title="بمبار طیارہ – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="بمبار طیارہ" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%A1y_bay_n%C3%A9m_bom" title="Máy bay ném bom – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Máy bay ném bom" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%BD%B0%E7%82%B8%E6%9C%BA" title="轰炸机 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="轰炸机" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%BD%9F%E7%82%B8%E6%A9%9F" title="轟炸機 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="轟炸機" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%BD%B0%E7%82%B8%E6%9C%BA" title="轰炸机 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="轰炸机" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q170877#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav 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navigation-not-searchable">For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Bomber_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Bomber (disambiguation)">Bomber (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Heavy ground attack aircraft</div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:B-52_Stratofortress_assigned_to_the_307th_Bomb_Wing_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/B-52_Stratofortress_assigned_to_the_307th_Bomb_Wing_%28cropped%29.jpg/280px-B-52_Stratofortress_assigned_to_the_307th_Bomb_Wing_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="280" height="191" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/B-52_Stratofortress_assigned_to_the_307th_Bomb_Wing_%28cropped%29.jpg/420px-B-52_Stratofortress_assigned_to_the_307th_Bomb_Wing_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/B-52_Stratofortress_assigned_to_the_307th_Bomb_Wing_%28cropped%29.jpg/560px-B-52_Stratofortress_assigned_to_the_307th_Bomb_Wing_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3579" data-file-height="2436" /></a><figcaption>A <a href="/wiki/U.S._Air_Force" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. Air Force">U.S. Air Force</a> <a href="/wiki/Boeing_B-52_Stratofortress" title="Boeing B-52 Stratofortress">B-52</a> flying over Texas</figcaption></figure> <p>A <b>bomber</b> is a military <a href="/wiki/Combat_aircraft" class="mw-redirect" title="Combat aircraft">combat aircraft</a> that utilizes <a href="/wiki/Air-to-ground_weaponry" title="Air-to-ground weaponry">air-to-ground weaponry</a> to drop <a href="/wiki/Bomb" title="Bomb">bombs</a>, launch <a href="/wiki/Aerial_torpedo" title="Aerial torpedo">torpedoes</a>, or deploy <a href="/wiki/Air-launched_cruise_missile" title="Air-launched cruise missile">air-launched cruise missiles</a>. Bombs were first dropped from an aircraft during the <a href="/wiki/Italo-Turkish_War" title="Italo-Turkish War">Italo-Turkish War</a>, with the first major deployments coming in the <a href="/wiki/World_War_I" title="World War I">First World War</a> and <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">Second World War</a> by all major airforces, damaging cities, towns, and rural areas. The first bomber planes in history were the <a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy">Italian</a> Caproni Ca 30 and <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">British</a> <a href="/wiki/Bristol_T.B.8" title="Bristol T.B.8">Bristol T.B.8</a>, both of 1913. Some bombers were decorated with <a href="/wiki/Nose_art" title="Nose art">nose art</a> or <a href="/wiki/Victory_marking" title="Victory marking">victory markings</a>. </p><p>There are two major classifications of bomber: strategic and tactical. <a href="/wiki/Strategic_bombing" title="Strategic bombing">Strategic bombing</a> is done by <a href="/wiki/Heavy_bomber" title="Heavy bomber">heavy bombers</a> primarily designed for long-range bombing missions against <a href="/wiki/Strategic_target" class="mw-redirect" title="Strategic target">strategic targets</a> to diminish the enemy's ability to wage war by limiting access to resources through crippling infrastructure, reducing industrial output, or inflicting massive civilian casualties to an extent deemed to force surrender. Tactical bombing is aimed at countering enemy military activity and in supporting offensive operations, and is typically assigned to smaller aircraft operating at shorter ranges, typically near the troops on the ground or against enemy shipping. </p><p>During <a href="/wiki/WWII" class="mw-redirect" title="WWII">WWII</a> with engine power as a major limitation, combined with the desire for accuracy and other operational factors, bomber designs tended to be tailored to specific roles. Early in the <a href="/wiki/Cold_War" title="Cold War">Cold War</a> however, bombers were the only means of carrying <a href="/wiki/Nuclear_warfare" title="Nuclear warfare">nuclear</a> weapons to enemy targets, and held the role of <a href="/wiki/Deterrence_theory" title="Deterrence theory">deterrence</a>. With the advent of guided air-to-air missiles, bombers needed to avoid interception. High-speed and high-altitude flying became a means of evading detection and attack. With the advent of <a href="/wiki/ICBM" class="mw-redirect" title="ICBM">ICBMs</a> the role of the bomber was brought to a more tactical focus in close air support roles, and a focus on <a href="/wiki/Stealth_technology" title="Stealth technology">stealth technology</a> for strategic bombers. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Classification">Classification</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bomber&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Classification"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Strategic">Strategic</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bomber&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Strategic"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:%D0%A2%D1%83-160_%22%D0%90%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%80_%D0%93%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B2%22.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/%D0%A2%D1%83-160_%22%D0%90%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%80_%D0%93%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B2%22.JPG/220px-%D0%A2%D1%83-160_%22%D0%90%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%80_%D0%93%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B2%22.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="142" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/%D0%A2%D1%83-160_%22%D0%90%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%80_%D0%93%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B2%22.JPG/330px-%D0%A2%D1%83-160_%22%D0%90%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%80_%D0%93%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B2%22.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/%D0%A2%D1%83-160_%22%D0%90%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%80_%D0%93%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B2%22.JPG/440px-%D0%A2%D1%83-160_%22%D0%90%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%80_%D0%93%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B2%22.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1541" data-file-height="996" /></a><figcaption>A <a href="/wiki/Russian_Air_Force" title="Russian Air Force">Russian Air Force</a> <a href="/wiki/Tupolev_Tu-160" title="Tupolev Tu-160">Tupolev Tu-160</a> strategic bomber</figcaption></figure> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Carpet_bombing" title="Carpet bombing">Carpet bombing</a> and <a href="/wiki/Strategic_bomber" title="Strategic bomber">Strategic bomber</a></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Strategic_bombing" title="Strategic bombing">Strategic bombing</a> is done by <a href="/wiki/Heavy_bomber" title="Heavy bomber">heavy bombers</a> primarily designed for long-range bombing missions against <a href="/wiki/Strategic_target" class="mw-redirect" title="Strategic target">strategic targets</a> such as supply bases, bridges, factories, shipyards, and cities themselves, to diminish the enemy's ability to wage war by limiting access to resources through crippling infrastructure or reducing industrial output. Current examples include the strategic <a href="/wiki/Nuclear_bomb" class="mw-redirect" title="Nuclear bomb">nuclear-armed</a> bombers: <a href="/wiki/B-2_Spirit" class="mw-redirect" title="B-2 Spirit">B-2 Spirit</a>, <a href="/wiki/B-52_Stratofortress" class="mw-redirect" title="B-52 Stratofortress">B-52 Stratofortress</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tupolev_Tu-95" title="Tupolev Tu-95">Tupolev Tu-95 'Bear'</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tupolev_Tu-22M" title="Tupolev Tu-22M">Tupolev Tu-22M 'Backfire'</a> and <a href="/wiki/Tupolev_Tu-160" title="Tupolev Tu-160">Tupolev Tu-160 "Blackjack"</a>; historically notable examples are the: <a href="/wiki/Gotha_G.IV" title="Gotha G.IV">Gotha G.IV</a>, <a href="/wiki/Avro_Lancaster" title="Avro Lancaster">Avro Lancaster</a>, <a href="/wiki/Heinkel_He_111" title="Heinkel He 111">Heinkel He 111</a>, <a href="/wiki/Junkers_Ju_88" title="Junkers Ju 88">Junkers Ju 88</a>, <a href="/wiki/Boeing_B-17_Flying_Fortress" title="Boeing B-17 Flying Fortress">Boeing B-17 Flying Fortress</a>, <a href="/wiki/Consolidated_B-24_Liberator" title="Consolidated B-24 Liberator">Consolidated B-24 Liberator</a>, <a href="/wiki/Boeing_B-29_Superfortress" title="Boeing B-29 Superfortress">Boeing B-29 Superfortress</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Tupolev_Tu-16" title="Tupolev Tu-16">Tupolev Tu-16</a> 'Badger'. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Tactical">Tactical</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bomber&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Tactical"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Interdictor" title="Interdictor">Interdictor</a> and <a href="/wiki/Attack_aircraft" title="Attack aircraft">Attack aircraft</a></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Tactical_bombing" title="Tactical bombing">Tactical bombing</a>, aimed at countering enemy military activity and in supporting offensive operations, is typically assigned to smaller aircraft operating at shorter ranges, typically near the troops on the ground or against enemy shipping. This role is filled by tactical bomber class, which crosses and blurs with various other aircraft categories: <a href="/wiki/Light_bomber" title="Light bomber">light bombers</a>, <a href="/wiki/Medium_bomber" title="Medium bomber">medium bombers</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dive_bomber" title="Dive bomber">dive bombers</a>, <a href="/wiki/Interdictor" title="Interdictor">interdictors</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fighter-bomber" title="Fighter-bomber">fighter-bombers</a>, <a href="/wiki/Attack_aircraft" title="Attack aircraft">attack aircraft</a>, <a href="/wiki/Multirole_combat_aircraft" title="Multirole combat aircraft">multirole combat aircraft</a>, and others. </p> <ul><li>Current examples: <a href="/wiki/Xian_JH-7" class="mw-redirect" title="Xian JH-7">Xian JH-7</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dassault_Mirage_2000N/2000D" title="Dassault Mirage 2000N/2000D">Dassault Mirage 2000D</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Panavia_Tornado" title="Panavia Tornado">Panavia Tornado IDS</a></li> <li>Historical examples: <a href="/wiki/Ilyushin_Il-2" title="Ilyushin Il-2">Ilyushin Il-2</a> <i>Shturmovik</i>, <a href="/wiki/Junkers_Ju_87" title="Junkers Ju 87">Junkers Ju 87</a> <i>Stuka</i>, <a href="/wiki/Republic_P-47_Thunderbolt" title="Republic P-47 Thunderbolt">Republic P-47 Thunderbolt</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hawker_Typhoon" title="Hawker Typhoon">Hawker Typhoon</a> and <a href="/wiki/Mikoyan_MiG-27" title="Mikoyan MiG-27">Mikoyan MiG-27</a>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bomber&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><span class="anchor" id="World_War_I"></span>The first use of an air-dropped bomb (actually four hand grenades specially manufactured by the Italian naval arsenal) was carried out by Italian Second Lieutenant <a href="/wiki/Giulio_Gavotti" title="Giulio Gavotti">Giulio Gavotti</a><sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> on 1 November 1911 during the <a href="/wiki/Italo-Turkish_War" title="Italo-Turkish War">Italo-Turkish war in Libya</a> – although his plane was not designed for the task of bombing, and his improvised attacks on Ottoman positions had little impact. These <a href="/wiki/Picric_acid" title="Picric acid">picric acid</a>-filled steel spheres were nicknamed "ballerinas" from the fluttering fabric ribbons attached.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Early_bombers">Early bombers</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bomber&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Early bombers"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Handley_Page_O-400.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Handley_Page_O-400.jpg/220px-Handley_Page_O-400.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="170" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Handley_Page_O-400.jpg/330px-Handley_Page_O-400.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Handley_Page_O-400.jpg/440px-Handley_Page_O-400.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1808" data-file-height="1396" /></a><figcaption>British <a href="/wiki/Handley_Page_Type_O" title="Handley Page Type O">Handley Page Type O</a>, 1918</figcaption></figure> <p>On 16 October 1912, Bulgarian observer <a href="/w/index.php?title=Prodan_Tarakchiev&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Prodan Tarakchiev (page does not exist)">Prodan Tarakchiev</a> dropped two of those bombs on the <a href="/wiki/Turkey" title="Turkey">Turkish</a> railway station of Karağaç (near the besieged <a href="/wiki/Edirne" title="Edirne">Edirne</a>) from an <a href="/wiki/Albatros_Flugzeugwerke" title="Albatros Flugzeugwerke">Albatros</a> F.2 aircraft piloted by <a href="/w/index.php?title=Radul_Milkov&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Radul Milkov (page does not exist)">Radul Milkov</a>, during the <a href="/wiki/First_Balkan_War" title="First Balkan War">First Balkan War</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Birth_of_a_Legend_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Birth_of_a_Legend-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-The_Balkan_Wars:_Scenes_from_the_Front_Lines_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-The_Balkan_Wars:_Scenes_from_the_Front_Lines-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This is deemed to be the first use of an aircraft as a bomber.<sup id="cite_ref-Birth_of_a_Legend_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Birth_of_a_Legend-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The first heavier-than-air aircraft purposely designed for bombing were the <a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy">Italian</a> <a href="/wiki/Caproni_Ca.1_(1914)" title="Caproni Ca.1 (1914)">Caproni Ca 30</a> and <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">British</a> <a href="/wiki/Bristol_T.B.8" title="Bristol T.B.8">Bristol T.B.8</a>, both of 1913.<sup id="cite_ref-Aerial_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Aerial-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Bristol T.B.8 was an early <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">British</a> single <a href="/wiki/Piston_engine" class="mw-redirect" title="Piston engine">engined</a> <a href="/wiki/Biplane" title="Biplane">biplane</a> built by the <a href="/wiki/Bristol_Aeroplane_Company" title="Bristol Aeroplane Company">Bristol Aeroplane Company</a>. They were fitted with a prismatic <a href="/wiki/Bombsight" title="Bombsight">Bombsight</a> in the front <a href="/wiki/Cockpit" title="Cockpit">cockpit</a> and a cylindrical bomb carrier in the lower forward fuselage capable of carrying twelve 10 lb (4.5 kg) bombs, which could be dropped singly or as a salvo as required.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The aircraft was purchased for use both by the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Naval_Air_Service" title="Royal Naval Air Service">Royal Naval Air Service</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Flying_Corps" title="Royal Flying Corps">Royal Flying Corps</a> (RFC), and three T.B.8s, that were being displayed in <a href="/wiki/Paris" title="Paris">Paris</a> during December 1913 fitted with bombing equipment, were sent to France following the outbreak of war. Under the command of <a href="/wiki/Charles_Rumney_Samson" title="Charles Rumney Samson">Charles Rumney Samson</a>, a bombing attack on <a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany">German</a> gun batteries at <a href="/wiki/Middelkerke" title="Middelkerke">Middelkerke</a>, <a href="/wiki/Belgium" title="Belgium">Belgium</a> was executed on 25 November 1914.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The dirigible, or airship, was developed in the early 20th century. Early airships were prone to disaster, but slowly the airship became more dependable, with a more rigid structure and stronger skin. Prior to the outbreak of war, <a href="/wiki/Zeppelin" title="Zeppelin">Zeppelins</a>, a larger and more streamlined form of <a href="/wiki/Airship" title="Airship">airship</a> designed by German Count <a href="/wiki/Ferdinand_von_Zeppelin" title="Ferdinand von Zeppelin">Ferdinand von Zeppelin</a>, were outfitted to carry bombs to attack targets at long range. These were the first long range, strategic bombers. Although the German air arm was strong, with a total of 123 airships by the end of the war, they were vulnerable to attack and engine failure, as well as navigational issues. German airships inflicted little damage on all 51 raids, with 557 Britons killed and 1,358 injured. The German Navy lost 53 of its 73 airships, and the German Army lost 26 of its 50 ships.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Caproni_Ca.1_(1914)" title="Caproni Ca.1 (1914)">Caproni Ca 30</a> was built by <a href="/wiki/Gianni_Caproni" class="mw-redirect" title="Gianni Caproni">Gianni Caproni</a> in <a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy">Italy</a>. It was a twin-boom <a href="/wiki/Biplane" title="Biplane">biplane</a> with three 67 kW (80 hp) <a href="/wiki/Gnome_rotary_engine" class="mw-redirect" title="Gnome rotary engine">Gnome rotary engines</a> and first flew in October <a href="/wiki/1914_in_aviation" title="1914 in aviation">1914</a>. Test flights revealed power to be insufficient and the engine layout unworkable, and Caproni soon adopted a more conventional approach installing three 81 kW (110 hp) <a href="/wiki/Fiat_A.10" title="Fiat A.10">Fiat A.10s</a>. The improved design was bought by the <a href="/wiki/Italian_Army" title="Italian Army">Italian Army</a> and it was delivered in quantity from August <a href="/wiki/1915_in_aviation" title="1915 in aviation">1915</a>. </p><p>While mainly used as a <a href="/wiki/Trainer_(aircraft)" class="mw-redirect" title="Trainer (aircraft)">trainer</a>, Avro 504s were also briefly used as bombers at the start of the <a href="/wiki/World_War_I" title="World War I">First World War</a> by the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Naval_Air_Service" title="Royal Naval Air Service">Royal Naval Air Service</a> (RNAS) when they were used for raids on the German airship sheds.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Strategic_bombing">Strategic bombing</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bomber&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Strategic bombing"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Bombing raids and interdiction operations were mainly carried out by French and British forces during the War as the <a href="/wiki/Luftstreitkr%C3%A4fte" title="Luftstreitkräfte">German air arm</a> was forced to concentrate its resources on a defensive strategy. Notably, bombing campaigns formed a part of the British offensive at the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Neuve_Chapelle" title="Battle of Neuve Chapelle">Battle of Neuve Chapelle</a> in 1915, with <a href="/wiki/Royal_Flying_Corps" title="Royal Flying Corps">Royal Flying Corps</a> squadrons attacking German railway stations in an attempt to hinder the logistical supply of the <a href="/wiki/German_Army_(German_Empire)" class="mw-redirect" title="German Army (German Empire)">German army</a>. The early, improvised attempts at bombing that characterized the early part of the war slowly gave way to a more organized and systematic approach to strategic and tactical bombing, pioneered by various air power strategists of the <a href="/wiki/Allies_of_World_War_I" title="Allies of World War I">Entente</a>, especially Major <a href="/wiki/Hugh_Trenchard" class="mw-redirect" title="Hugh Trenchard">Hugh Trenchard</a>; he was the first to advocate that there should be "... sustained [strategic bombing] attacks with a view to interrupting the enemy's railway communications ... in conjunction with the main operations of the Allied Armies."<sup id="cite_ref-Aerial_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Aerial-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>When the war started, bombing was very crude (hand-held bombs were thrown over the side) yet by the end of the war long-range bombers equipped with complex mechanical bombing computers were being built, designed to carry large loads to destroy enemy industrial targets. The most important bombers used in World War I were the French <a href="/wiki/Breguet_14" title="Breguet 14">Breguet 14</a>, British <a href="/wiki/De_Havilland_DH-4" class="mw-redirect" title="De Havilland DH-4">de Havilland DH-4</a>, German <a href="/wiki/Albatros_C.III" title="Albatros C.III">Albatros C.III</a> and Russian <a href="/wiki/Sikorsky_Ilya_Muromets" title="Sikorsky Ilya Muromets">Sikorsky Ilya Muromets</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Russian_Empire" title="Russian Empire">Russian</a> <a href="/wiki/Sikorsky_Ilya_Muromets" title="Sikorsky Ilya Muromets">Sikorsky Ilya Muromets</a>, was the first four-engine bomber to equip a dedicated strategic bombing unit during <a href="/wiki/World_War_I" title="World War I">World War I</a>. This heavy bomber was unrivaled in the early stages of the war, as the Central Powers had no comparable aircraft until much later. </p><p> Long range bombing raids were carried out at night by multi-engine <a href="/wiki/Biplane" title="Biplane">biplanes</a> such as the <a href="/wiki/Gotha_G.IV" title="Gotha G.IV">Gotha G.IV</a> (whose name was synonymous with all multi-engine German bombers) and later the <a href="/wiki/Handley_Page_Type_O" title="Handley Page Type O">Handley Page Type O</a>; the majority of bombing was done by single-engined biplanes with one or two crew members flying short distances to attack enemy lines and immediate hinterland. As the effectiveness of a bomber was dependent on the weight and accuracy of its bomb load, ever larger bombers were developed starting in World War I, while considerable money was spent developing suitable bombsights.</p><div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:B-17_on_bomb_run.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/B-17_on_bomb_run.jpg/220px-B-17_on_bomb_run.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="171" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/B-17_on_bomb_run.jpg/330px-B-17_on_bomb_run.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/B-17_on_bomb_run.jpg/440px-B-17_on_bomb_run.jpg 2x" data-file-width="860" data-file-height="667" /></a><figcaption> A <a href="/wiki/USAAF" class="mw-redirect" title="USAAF">USAAF</a> <a href="/wiki/B-17_Flying_Fortress" class="mw-redirect" title="B-17 Flying Fortress">B-17 Flying Fortress</a> heavy bomber from <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a></figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="World_War_II">World War II</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bomber&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: World War II"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>With engine power as a major limitation, combined with the desire for accuracy and other operational factors, bomber designs tended to be tailored to specific roles. By the start of the war this included: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dive_bomber" title="Dive bomber">dive bomber</a> – specially strengthened for vertical diving attacks for greater accuracy</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Light_bomber" title="Light bomber">light bomber</a>, <a href="/wiki/Medium_bomber" title="Medium bomber">medium bomber</a> and <a href="/wiki/Heavy_bomber" title="Heavy bomber">heavy bomber</a> – subjective definitions based on size and/or payload capacity</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Torpedo_bomber" title="Torpedo bomber">torpedo bomber</a> – specialized aircraft armed with torpedoes</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ground_attack_aircraft" class="mw-redirect" title="Ground attack aircraft">ground attack aircraft</a> – aircraft used against targets on a battlefield such as troop or tank concentrations</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Night_bomber" title="Night bomber">night bomber</a> – specially equipped to operate at night when opposing defences are limited</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maritime_patrol_aircraft" title="Maritime patrol aircraft">maritime patrol</a> – long range bombers that were used against enemy shipping, particularly submarines</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fighter-bomber" title="Fighter-bomber">fighter-bomber</a> – a modified fighter aircraft used as a light bomber</li></ul> <p>Bombers of this era were not intended to attack other aircraft although most were fitted with defensive weapons. World War II saw the beginning of the widespread use of high speed bombers which began to minimize defensive weaponry in order to attain higher speed. Some smaller designs were used as the basis for <a href="/wiki/Night_fighter" title="Night fighter">night fighters</a>. A number of fighters, such as the <a href="/wiki/Hawker_Hurricane" title="Hawker Hurricane">Hawker Hurricane</a> were used as ground attack aircraft, replacing earlier conventional light bombers that proved unable to defend themselves while carrying a useful bomb load. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Cold_War">Cold War</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bomber&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Cold War"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:XH558_(G-VLCN)_Avro_Vulcan_-_Last_Flight_over_Farnborough_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/XH558_%28G-VLCN%29_Avro_Vulcan_-_Last_Flight_over_Farnborough_%28cropped%29.jpg/220px-XH558_%28G-VLCN%29_Avro_Vulcan_-_Last_Flight_over_Farnborough_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="141" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/XH558_%28G-VLCN%29_Avro_Vulcan_-_Last_Flight_over_Farnborough_%28cropped%29.jpg/330px-XH558_%28G-VLCN%29_Avro_Vulcan_-_Last_Flight_over_Farnborough_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/XH558_%28G-VLCN%29_Avro_Vulcan_-_Last_Flight_over_Farnborough_%28cropped%29.jpg/440px-XH558_%28G-VLCN%29_Avro_Vulcan_-_Last_Flight_over_Farnborough_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1594" data-file-height="1024" /></a><figcaption>An RAF <a href="/wiki/Avro_Vulcan" title="Avro Vulcan">Avro Vulcan</a> </figcaption></figure> <p>At the start of the Cold War, bombers were the only means of carrying <a href="/wiki/Nuclear_warfare" title="Nuclear warfare">nuclear</a> weapons to enemy targets, and had the role of <a href="/wiki/Deterrence_theory" title="Deterrence theory">deterrence</a>. With the advent of guided air-to-air missiles, bombers needed to avoid interception. High-speed and high-altitude flying became a means of evading detection and attack. Designs such as the <a href="/wiki/English_Electric_Canberra" title="English Electric Canberra">English Electric Canberra</a> could fly faster or higher than contemporary fighters. When surface-to-air missiles became capable of hitting high-flying bombers, bombers were flown at low altitudes to evade radar detection and interception. </p><p>Once "stand off" nuclear weapon designs were developed, bombers did not need to pass over the target to make an attack; they could fire and turn away to escape the blast. Nuclear strike aircraft were generally finished in bare metal or <a href="/wiki/Anti-flash_white" title="Anti-flash white">anti-flash white</a> to minimize absorption of <a href="/wiki/Thermal_radiation" title="Thermal radiation">thermal radiation</a> from the <a href="/wiki/Effects_of_nuclear_explosions" title="Effects of nuclear explosions">flash</a> of a <a href="/wiki/Nuclear_explosion" title="Nuclear explosion">nuclear explosion</a>. The need to drop conventional bombs remained in conflicts with non-nuclear powers, such as the <a href="/wiki/Vietnam_War" title="Vietnam War">Vietnam War</a> or <a href="/wiki/Malayan_Emergency" title="Malayan Emergency">Malayan Emergency</a>. </p><p>The development of large strategic bombers stagnated in the later part of the Cold War because of spiraling costs and the development of the <a href="/wiki/Intercontinental_ballistic_missile" title="Intercontinental ballistic missile">Intercontinental ballistic missile</a> (ICBM) – which was felt to have similar deterrent value while being impossible to intercept. Because of this, the United States Air Force <a href="/wiki/XB-70_Valkyrie" class="mw-redirect" title="XB-70 Valkyrie">XB-70 Valkyrie</a> program was cancelled in the early 1960s; the later <a href="/wiki/B-1_Lancer" class="mw-redirect" title="B-1 Lancer">B-1B Lancer</a> and <a href="/wiki/B-2_Spirit" class="mw-redirect" title="B-2 Spirit">B-2 Spirit</a> aircraft entered service only after protracted political and development problems. Their high cost meant that few were built and the 1950s-designed B-52s are projected to remain in use until the 2040s. Similarly, the Soviet Union used the intermediate-range <a href="/wiki/Tupolev_Tu-22M" title="Tupolev Tu-22M">Tu-22M</a> 'Backfire' in the 1970s, but their <a href="/wiki/Mach_number" title="Mach number">Mach 3</a> bomber project stalled. The Mach 2 <a href="/wiki/Tu-160" class="mw-redirect" title="Tu-160">Tu-160 'Blackjack'</a> was built only in tiny numbers, leaving the 1950s Tupolev Tu-16 and <a href="/wiki/Tupolev_Tu-95" title="Tupolev Tu-95">Tu-95</a> 'Bear' heavy bombers to continue being used into the 21st century. </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">British</a> strategic bombing force largely came to an end when the <a href="/wiki/V_bomber" title="V bomber">V bomber</a> force was phased out; the last of which left service in 1983. The French <a href="/wiki/Mirage_IV" class="mw-redirect" title="Mirage IV">Mirage IV</a> bomber version was retired in 1996, although the Mirage 2000N and the Rafale have taken on this role. The only other nation that fields strategic bombing forces is <a href="/wiki/China" title="China">China</a>, which has a number of <a href="/wiki/Xian_H-6" class="mw-redirect" title="Xian H-6">Xian H-6s</a>. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:USAF_B-2_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/USAF_B-2_%28cropped%29.jpg/220px-USAF_B-2_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="158" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/USAF_B-2_%28cropped%29.jpg/330px-USAF_B-2_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/USAF_B-2_%28cropped%29.jpg/440px-USAF_B-2_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3752" data-file-height="2696" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/U.S_Air_Force" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S Air Force">U.S Air Force</a> <a href="/wiki/Northrop_Grumman_B-2_Spirit" class="mw-redirect" title="Northrop Grumman B-2 Spirit">B-2</a> <a href="/wiki/Stealth_aircraft" title="Stealth aircraft">stealth bomber</a> </figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Modern_era">Modern era</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bomber&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Modern era"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Currently, only the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Air_Force" title="United States Air Force">United States Air Force</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Russian_Aerospace_Forces" title="Russian Aerospace Forces">Russian Aerospace Forces</a>' <a href="/wiki/Long-Range_Aviation" title="Long-Range Aviation">Long-Range Aviation</a> command, and China's <a href="/wiki/People%27s_Liberation_Army_Air_Force" title="People's Liberation Army Air Force">People's Liberation Army Air Force</a> operate strategic heavy bombers. Other air forces have transitioned away from dedicated bombers in favor of <a href="/wiki/Multirole_combat_aircraft" title="Multirole combat aircraft">multirole combat aircraft</a>. </p><p>At present, these air forces are each developing stealth replacements for their legacy bomber fleets, the USAF with the <a href="/wiki/Northrop_Grumman_B-21" class="mw-redirect" title="Northrop Grumman B-21">Northrop Grumman B-21</a>, the Russian Aerospace Forces with the <a href="/wiki/PAK_DA" class="mw-redirect" title="PAK DA">PAK DA</a>, and the PLAAF with the <a href="/wiki/Xian_H-20" class="mw-redirect" title="Xian H-20">Xian H-20</a>. As of 2021<sup class="plainlinks noexcerpt noprint asof-tag update" style="display:none;"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bomber&action=edit">[update]</a></sup>, the B-21 is expected to enter service by 2026–2027.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The B-21 would be capable of loitering near target areas for extended periods of time.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Other_uses">Other uses</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bomber&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Other uses"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Occasionally, military aircraft have been used to bomb <a href="/wiki/Ice_jam" title="Ice jam">ice jams</a> with limited success as part of an effort to clear them.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2018, the <a href="/wiki/Swedish_Air_Force" title="Swedish Air Force">Swedish Air Force</a> dropped bombs on a forest fire, snuffing out flames with the aid of the blast waves. The fires had been raging in an area contaminated with <a href="/wiki/Unexploded_ordnance" title="Unexploded ordnance">unexploded ordnance</a>, rendering them difficult to extinguish for firefighters. <sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bomber&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aerial_bombing_of_cities" title="Aerial bombing of cities">Aerial bombing of cities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Air_interdiction" title="Air interdiction">Air interdiction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Assembly_ship" title="Assembly ship">Assembly ship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carpet_bombing" title="Carpet bombing">Carpet bombing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fighter_aircraft" title="Fighter aircraft">Fighter aircraft</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_bomber_aircraft" title="List of bomber aircraft">List of bomber aircraft</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Offensive_counter_air" title="Offensive counter air">Offensive counter air</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Strategic_bomber" title="Strategic bomber">Strategic bomber</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bomber&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFJohnston2011" class="citation news cs1">Johnston, Alan (10 May 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-europe-13294524">"Libya 1911: How an Italian pilot began the air war era"</a>. <i>BBC News</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110513090448/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-europe-13294524">Archived</a> from the original on 13 May 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 May</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=Libya+1911%3A+How+an+Italian+pilot+began+the+air+war+era&rft.date=2011-05-10&rft.aulast=Johnston&rft.aufirst=Alan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fworld-europe-13294524&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABomber" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStephenson2014" class="citation book cs1">Stephenson, Charles (19 December 2014). <i>A Box of Sand. The Italo-Ottoman War 1911–12</i>. Tattered Flag. p. 107. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-9576892-2-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-9576892-2-0"><bdi>978-0-9576892-2-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Box+of+Sand.+The+Italo-Ottoman+War+1911%E2%80%9312&rft.pages=107&rft.pub=Tattered+Flag&rft.date=2014-12-19&rft.isbn=978-0-9576892-2-0&rft.aulast=Stephenson&rft.aufirst=Charles&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABomber" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Birth_of_a_Legend-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Birth_of_a_Legend_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Birth_of_a_Legend_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCapt_Arthur_H._Wagner_Uscg_(Ret)2012" class="citation book cs1">Capt Arthur H. Wagner Uscg (Ret), Arthur H. Wagner, Leon E. Braxton, Ltcol Leon E. (Bill) (2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=GdtPtUYP6-MC&pg=PA9"><i>Birth of a Legend</i></a>. Trafford Publishing. p. 27. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1466906020" title="Special:BookSources/978-1466906020"><bdi>978-1466906020</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160426053841/https://books.google.com/books?id=GdtPtUYP6-MC&pg=PA9">Archived</a> from the original on 2016-04-26<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2015-07-28</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Birth+of+a+Legend&rft.pages=27&rft.pub=Trafford+Publishing&rft.date=2012&rft.isbn=978-1466906020&rft.aulast=Capt+Arthur+H.+Wagner+Uscg+%28Ret%29&rft.aufirst=Arthur+H.+Wagner%2C+Leon+E.+Braxton%2C+Ltcol+Leon+E.+%28Bill%29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DGdtPtUYP6-MC%26pg%3DPA9&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABomber" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_book" title="Template:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_multiple_names:_authors_list" title="Category:CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list">link</a>)</span><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability#Self-published_sources" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability"><span title="This reference citation appears to be to a self-published source. (January 2018)">self-published source</span></a></i>]</sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-The_Balkan_Wars:_Scenes_from_the_Front_Lines-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-The_Balkan_Wars:_Scenes_from_the_Front_Lines_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation magazine cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://world.time.com/2012/10/08/the-balkan-wars-scenes-from-the-frontlines/photo/bulgarian-bomber/">"The Balkan Wars: Scenes from the Front Lines"</a>. <i>TIME</i>. 8 October 2012. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160327234541/http://world.time.com/2012/10/08/the-balkan-wars-scenes-from-the-frontlines/photo/bulgarian-bomber/">Archived</a> from the original on 27 March 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 July</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=TIME&rft.atitle=The+Balkan+Wars%3A+Scenes+from+the+Front+Lines&rft.date=2012-10-08&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fworld.time.com%2F2012%2F10%2F08%2Fthe-balkan-wars-scenes-from-the-frontlines%2Fphoto%2Fbulgarian-bomber%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABomber" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">I.Borislavov, R.Kirilov: <i>The Bulgarian Aircraft, Vol. I: From Bleriot to Messerschmitt</i>. Litera Prima, Sofia, 1996 (in Bulgarian)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Aerial-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Aerial_6-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Aerial_6-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMark1995" class="citation book cs1">Mark (July 1995). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=kr2Gc7btCxEC&pg=PA9"><i>Aerial Interdiction: Air Power and the Land Battle in Three American Wars</i></a>. DIANE. pp. 9–10. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7881-1966-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7881-1966-8"><bdi>978-0-7881-1966-8</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160501083900/https://books.google.com/books?id=kr2Gc7btCxEC&pg=PA9">Archived</a> from the original on 2016-05-01<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2015-10-29</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Aerial+Interdiction%3A+Air+Power+and+the+Land+Battle+in+Three+American+Wars&rft.pages=9-10&rft.pub=DIANE&rft.date=1995-07&rft.isbn=978-0-7881-1966-8&rft.au=Mark&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dkr2Gc7btCxEC%26pg%3DPA9&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABomber" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMason,_Francis_K1994" class="citation book cs1">Mason, Francis K (1994). <i>The British Bomber since 1914</i>. London: Putnam Aeronautical Books. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-85177-861-5" title="Special:BookSources/0-85177-861-5"><bdi>0-85177-861-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+British+Bomber+since+1914&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Putnam+Aeronautical+Books&rft.date=1994&rft.isbn=0-85177-861-5&rft.au=Mason%2C+Francis+K&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABomber" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTaylor1989" class="citation book cs1">Taylor, Michael J. H. (1989). <i>Jane's Encyclopedia of Aviation</i>. London: Studio Editions. p. 204.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Jane%27s+Encyclopedia+of+Aviation&rft.place=London&rft.pages=204&rft.pub=Studio+Editions&rft.date=1989&rft.aulast=Taylor&rft.aufirst=Michael+J.+H.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABomber" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFThetford,_Owen1994" class="citation book cs1">Thetford, Owen (1994). <i>British Naval Aircraft since 1912</i> (Fourth ed.). London: Putnam. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-85177-861-5" title="Special:BookSources/0-85177-861-5"><bdi>0-85177-861-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=British+Naval+Aircraft+since+1912&rft.place=London&rft.edition=Fourth&rft.pub=Putnam&rft.date=1994&rft.isbn=0-85177-861-5&rft.au=Thetford%2C+Owen&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABomber" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRoadman2013" class="citation book cs1">Roadman, LTC Julian A. (2013). <i>A Combat Nightmare in WWII</i>. 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London: Putnam Aeronautical Books, 1994. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-85177-861-5" title="Special:BookSources/0-85177-861-5">0-85177-861-5</a>. p. 21</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFD'Urso2021" class="citation web cs1">D'Urso, Stefano (January 17, 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://theaviationist.com/2021/01/17/second-b-21-raider-under-construction-as-the-first-one-approaches-roll-out-in-early-2022/">"Second B-21 Raider Under Construction as the First One Approaches Roll-Out in Early 2022"</a>. The Aviationist<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2018-07-19</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+York+Daily+Record&rft.atitle=York%27s+Past%3A+Aerial+bombing+breaks+Susquehanna+ice+jams&rft.date=2018-01-19&rft.aulast=Smith&rft.aufirst=Stephen+H.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ydr.com%2Fstory%2Fnews%2Fhistory%2Fblogs%2Fyorkspast%2F2018%2F01%2F19%2Fiva-lu-ice%2F109596154%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABomber" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDaniszewski2001" class="citation news cs1">Daniszewski, John (2001-05-18). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2001-may-18-mn-65062-story.html">"Russian Planes Bomb Ice Jam"</a>. <i>Los Angeles Times</i>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0458-3035">0458-3035</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151204074606/http://articles.latimes.com/2001/may/18/news/mn-65062">Archived</a> from the original on 2015-12-04<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2018-07-19</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Los+Angeles+Times&rft.atitle=Russian+Planes+Bomb+Ice+Jam&rft.date=2001-05-18&rft.issn=0458-3035&rft.aulast=Daniszewski&rft.aufirst=John&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.latimes.com%2Farchives%2Fla-xpm-2001-may-18-mn-65062-story.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABomber" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSridharan2016" class="citation news cs1">Sridharan, Vasudevan (2016-04-19). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ibtimes.co.uk/russian-fighter-jets-bomb-40km-ice-jam-prevent-flooding-vologda-1555516">"Russian fighter jets bomb 40km ice-jam to prevent flooding in Vologda"</a>. <i>International Business Times UK</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180719173357/https://www.ibtimes.co.uk/russian-fighter-jets-bomb-40km-ice-jam-prevent-flooding-vologda-1555516">Archived</a> from the original on 2018-07-19<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2018-07-19</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+Business+Times+UK&rft.atitle=Russian+fighter+jets+bomb+40km+ice-jam+to+prevent+flooding+in+Vologda&rft.date=2016-04-19&rft.aulast=Sridharan&rft.aufirst=Vasudevan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ibtimes.co.uk%2Frussian-fighter-jets-bomb-40km-ice-jam-prevent-flooding-vologda-1555516&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABomber" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMizokami2018" class="citation news cs1">Mizokami, Kyle (July 25, 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.popularmechanics.com/military/aviation/a22550688/sweden-dropped-a-laser-guided-bomb-on-a-forest-fire/">"Sweden Dropped a Laser-Guided Bomb on a Forest Fire"</a>. <i>Popular Mechanics</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2021-03-30</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Popular+Mechanics&rft.atitle=Sweden+Dropped+a+Laser-Guided+Bomb+on+a+Forest+Fire&rft.date=2018-07-25&rft.aulast=Mizokami&rft.aufirst=Kyle&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.popularmechanics.com%2Fmilitary%2Faviation%2Fa22550688%2Fsweden-dropped-a-laser-guided-bomb-on-a-forest-fire%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABomber" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bomber&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 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title="Airship">Airship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_military_ballooning" title="History of military ballooning">Balloon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_aircraft" title="Military aircraft">Fixed-wing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_glider" title="Military glider">Glider</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_helicopter" title="Military helicopter">Helicopter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unmanned_aerial_vehicle" title="Unmanned aerial vehicle">Unmanned <span style="font-size:85%;">(UAV)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stealth_aircraft" title="Stealth aircraft">Stealth</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Roles</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Combat</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Airborne_early_warning_and_control" title="Airborne early warning and control">Airborne early warning and control</a> (AEW&C)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Attack_aircraft" title="Attack aircraft">Attack</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Counter-insurgency_aircraft" title="Counter-insurgency aircraft">Counter-insurgency</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gunship" title="Gunship">Gunship</a></li></ul></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Bomber</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Heavy_bomber" title="Heavy bomber">Heavy bomber</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Light_bomber" title="Light bomber">Light bomber</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Medium_bomber" title="Medium bomber">Medium bomber</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Strategic_bomber" title="Strategic bomber">Strategic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Penetrator_(aircraft)" title="Penetrator (aircraft)">Penetrator</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pathfinder_(RAF)" title="Pathfinder (RAF)">Pathfinder</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carrier-based_aircraft" title="Carrier-based aircraft">Carrier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Close_air_support" title="Close air support">Close air support</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electronic_warfare_aircraft" class="mw-redirect" title="Electronic warfare aircraft">Electronic warfare <span style="font-size:85%;">(EW)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intruder_(air_combat)" title="Intruder (air combat)">Intruder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fighter_aircraft" title="Fighter aircraft">Fighter</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Air_superiority_fighter" title="Air superiority fighter">Air superiority</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interceptor_aircraft" title="Interceptor aircraft">Interceptor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emergency_fighter" title="Emergency fighter">Emergency</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Escort_fighter" title="Escort fighter">Escort</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Night_fighter" title="Night fighter">Night</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maritime_patrol_aircraft" title="Maritime patrol aircraft">Maritime patrol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Multirole_combat_aircraft" title="Multirole combat aircraft">Multi-role</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interdictor" title="Interdictor">Interdictor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fighter-bomber" title="Fighter-bomber">Fighter-bomber</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Strike_fighter" title="Strike fighter">Strike fighter</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Non-combat</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Experimental_aircraft" title="Experimental aircraft">Experimental</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liaison_aircraft" title="Liaison aircraft">Liaison</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reconnaissance_aircraft" title="Reconnaissance aircraft">Reconnaissance</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Scout_(aircraft)" title="Scout (aircraft)">Scout</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Surveillance_aircraft" title="Surveillance aircraft">Surveillance</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Scout_plane" title="Scout plane">Scout</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aerial_refueling" title="Aerial refueling">Tanker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Testbed_aircraft" title="Testbed aircraft">Testbed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trainer_aircraft" title="Trainer aircraft">Trainer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_transport_aircraft" title="Military transport aircraft">Transport</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px 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