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class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Herbaceous plant</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 82 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-82" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">82 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%AA_%D8%B9%D8%B4%D8%A8%D9%8A" title="نبات عشبي – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="نبات عشبي" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hierba" title="Hierba – Aragonese" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Hierba" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yerba" title="Yerba – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Yerba" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%91ana" title="Ñana – Guarani" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="Ñana" data-language-autonym="Avañe'ẽ" data-language-local-name="Guarani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Avañe'ẽ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B0" title="Трава – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Трава" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B0" title="Трава – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Трава" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE_%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5" title="Тревисто растение – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Тревисто растение" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zeljasta_biljka" title="Zeljasta biljka – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Zeljasta biljka" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Planta_herb%C3%A0cia" title="Planta herbàcia – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Planta herbàcia" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%83%D1%80%C4%83%D0%BA" title="Курăк – Chuvash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Курăк" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Chuvash" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bylina" title="Bylina – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Bylina" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-co mw-list-item"><a href="https://co.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arba" title="Arba – Corsican" lang="co" hreflang="co" data-title="Arba" data-language-autonym="Corsu" data-language-local-name="Corsican" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Corsu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Planhigyn_llysieuaidd" title="Planhigyn llysieuaidd – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Planhigyn llysieuaidd" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Urt" title="Urt – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Urt" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Krautige_Pflanze" title="Krautige Pflanze – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Krautige Pflanze" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rohttaimed" title="Rohttaimed – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Rohttaimed" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A0%CF%8C%CE%B1" title="Πόα – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Πόα" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es badge-Q70893996 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Planta_herb%C3%A1cea" title="Planta herbácea – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Planta herbácea" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Herbo" title="Herbo – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Herbo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Belar" title="Belar – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Belar" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%AF%DB%8C%D8%A7%D9%87_%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%81%DB%8C" title="گیاه علفی – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="گیاه علفی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plante_herbac%C3%A9e" title="Plante herbacée – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Plante herbacée" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kr%C3%BBd_(plant)" title="Krûd (plant) – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Krûd (plant)" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Planda_lusach" title="Planda lusach – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Planda lusach" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gv mw-list-item"><a href="https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lus_lussagh" title="Lus lussagh – Manx" lang="gv" hreflang="gv" data-title="Lus lussagh" data-language-autonym="Gaelg" data-language-local-name="Manx" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaelg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Herba" title="Herba – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Herba" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%B4%88%EB%B3%B8%EC%8B%9D%EB%AC%BC" title="초본식물 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="초본식물" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%BD%D5%B8%D5%BF%D5%A1%D5%A2%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B5%D5%BD%D5%A5%D6%80" title="Խոտաբույսեր – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Խոտաբույսեր" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zeljaste_biljke" title="Zeljaste biljke – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Zeljaste biljke" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Herbo" title="Herbo – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Herbo" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Terna" title="Terna – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Terna" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%C3%A6%D1%80%D0%B4%C3%A6%D0%B3" title="Кæрдæг – Ossetic" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Кæрдæг" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="Ossetic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erba" title="Erba – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Erba" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A2%D7%A9%D7%91" title="עשב – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="עשב" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Terna" title="Terna – Javanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Terna" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%91%E1%83%90%E1%83%9A%E1%83%90%E1%83%AE%E1%83%9D%E1%83%95%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98_%E1%83%9B%E1%83%AA%E1%83%94%E1%83%9C%E1%83%90%E1%83%A0%E1%83%94" title="ბალახოვანი მცენარე – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ბალახოვანი მცენარე" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A8%D3%A9%D0%BF%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Шөптер – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Шөптер" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mrj mw-list-item"><a href="https://mrj.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A8%D1%83%D0%B4%D1%8B%D0%BB%D0%B0_%D0%BA%D1%83%D1%88%D0%BA%D1%8B%D1%88" title="Шудыла кушкыш – Western Mari" lang="mrj" hreflang="mrj" data-title="Шудыла кушкыш" data-language-autonym="Кырык мары" data-language-local-name="Western Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кырык мары</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Planta_herbacea" title="Planta herbacea – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Planta herbacea" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lakstaugs" title="Lakstaugs – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Lakstaugs" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erba" title="Erba – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Erba" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%A1gy_sz%C3%A1r%C3%BA_n%C3%B6v%C3%A9ny" title="Lágy szárú növény – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Lágy szárú növény" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%98%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE_%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5" title="Зелјесто растение – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Зелјесто растение" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%B9%E0%B5%86%E0%B5%BC%E0%B4%AC%E0%B5%87%E0%B4%B7%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AF%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D_%E0%B4%B8%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AF%E0%B4%82" title="ഹെർബേഷ്യസ് സസ്യം – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ഹെർബേഷ്യസ് സസ്യം" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tumbuhan_herba" title="Tumbuhan herba – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Tumbuhan herba" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ch%C4%81u-bu%C5%8Dng_s%C4%ADk-%C5%ADk" title="Chāu-buōng sĭk-ŭk – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Chāu-buōng sĭk-ŭk" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kruidachtig" title="Kruidachtig – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Kruidachtig" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%A5%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE" title="पोथ्रा – Nepali" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="पोथ्रा" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="Nepali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%8D%89%E6%9C%AC%E6%A4%8D%E7%89%A9" title="草本植物 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="草本植物" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Urt" title="Urt – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Urt" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Urt" title="Urt – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Urt" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%88rba" title="Èrba – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Èrba" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/O%CA%BBt" title="Oʻt – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Oʻt" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ro%C5%9Blina_zielna" title="Roślina zielna – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Roślina zielna" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erva" title="Erva – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Erva" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-crh mw-list-item"><a href="https://crh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ot" title="Ot – Crimean Tatar" lang="crh" hreflang="crh" data-title="Ot" data-language-autonym="Qırımtatarca" data-language-local-name="Crimean Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qırımtatarca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plant%C4%83_erbacee" title="Plantă erbacee – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Plantă erbacee" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qura" title="Qura – Quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Qura" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="Quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%8B" title="Травы – Rusyn" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Травы" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="Rusyn" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русиньскый</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%8F%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8B%D0%B5_%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Травянистые растения – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Травянистые растения" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szy mw-list-item"><a href="https://szy.wikipedia.org/wiki/lutuk" title="lutuk – Sakizaya" lang="szy" hreflang="szy" data-title="lutuk" data-language-autonym="Sakizaya" data-language-local-name="Sakizaya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sakizaya</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yerbaceous_plant" title="Yerbaceous plant – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Yerbaceous plant" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bim%C3%ABt_barishtore" title="Bimët barishtore – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Bimët barishtore" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erva" title="Erva – Sicilian" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Erva" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="Sicilian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Herbaceous_plant" title="Herbaceous plant – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Herbaceous plant" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bylina" title="Bylina – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Bylina" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zeli%C5%A1%C4%8De" title="Zelišče – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Zelišče" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%D0%B5%D1%99%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0_%D0%B1%D0%B8%D1%99%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Зељаста биљка – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Зељаста биљка" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zeljasta_biljka" title="Zeljasta biljka – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Zeljasta biljka" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Terna" title="Terna – Sundanese" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Terna" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="Sundanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruohovarsi" title="Ruohovarsi – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Ruohovarsi" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%96rt" title="Ört – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Ört" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kab mw-list-item"><a href="https://kab.wikipedia.org/wiki/Im%C9%A3i_asa%C9%A3ur" title="Imɣi asaɣur – Kabyle" lang="kab" hreflang="kab" data-title="Imɣi asaɣur" data-language-autonym="Taqbaylit" data-language-local-name="Kabyle" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taqbaylit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B9%84%E0%B8%A1%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%A5%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%81" title="ไม้ล้มลุก – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ไม้ล้มลุก" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B8%D1%91%D2%B3%D2%B3%D0%BE%D0%B8_%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%84%D3%A3" title="Гиёҳҳои алафӣ – Tajik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Гиёҳҳои алафӣ" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tajik" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Otsu_bitki" title="Otsu bitki – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Otsu bitki" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2%27%D1%8F%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D1%96_%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B8" title="Трав'янисті рослини – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Трав'янисті рослини" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-za mw-list-item"><a href="https://za.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nywj" title="Nywj – Zhuang" lang="za" hreflang="za" data-title="Nywj" data-language-autonym="Vahcuengh" data-language-local-name="Zhuang" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vahcuengh</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Th%E1%BB%B1c_v%E1%BA%ADt_th%C3%A2n_th%E1%BA%A3o" title="Thực vật thân thảo – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Thực vật thân thảo" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%8D%89%E6%9C%AC%E6%A4%8D%E7%89%A9" title="草本植物 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="草本植物" 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dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Plant that has no persistent woody stem above ground</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">This article is about botanical herbs. For culinary and other herbs, see <a href="/wiki/Herb" title="Herb">Herb</a>.</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Trientalis_borealis_1177.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Trientalis_borealis_1177.JPG/220px-Trientalis_borealis_1177.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="330" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Trientalis_borealis_1177.JPG/330px-Trientalis_borealis_1177.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Trientalis_borealis_1177.JPG/440px-Trientalis_borealis_1177.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2848" data-file-height="4272" /></a><figcaption><i><a href="/wiki/Lysimachia_latifolia" title="Lysimachia latifolia">Lysimachia latifolia</a></i> (broadleaf starflower) is a perennial herbaceous plant of the <a href="/wiki/Stratification_(vegetation)#Herb_layer" title="Stratification (vegetation)">ground layer</a> of forests in western North America.</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Herbaceous plants</b> are <a href="/wiki/Vascular_plant" title="Vascular plant">vascular plants</a> that have no persistent <a href="/wiki/Wood" title="Wood">woody stems</a> above ground.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Arteca2014_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Arteca2014-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This broad category of plants includes many <a href="/wiki/Perennial_plant" class="mw-redirect" title="Perennial plant">perennials</a>, and nearly all <a href="/wiki/Annual_plant" title="Annual plant">annuals</a> and <a href="/wiki/Biennial_plant" title="Biennial plant">biennials</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Definitions_of_"herb"_and_"herbaceous""><span id="Definitions_of_.22herb.22_and_.22herbaceous.22"></span>Definitions of "herb" and "herbaceous"</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Herbaceous_plant&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Definitions of "herb" and "herbaceous""><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The fourth edition of the <i><a href="/wiki/Shorter_Oxford_English_Dictionary" title="Shorter Oxford English Dictionary">Shorter Oxford English Dictionary</a></i> defines "herb" as: </p> <ol><li>"A plant whose stem does not become woody and persistent (as in a tree or shrub) but remains soft and succulent, and dies (completely or down to the root) after flowering";</li> <li>"A (freq. aromatic) plant used for flavouring or scent, in medicine, etc.". (See: <a href="/wiki/Herb" title="Herb">Herb</a>)</li></ol> <p>The same dictionary defines "herbaceous" as: </p> <ol><li>"Of the nature of a herb; esp. not forming a woody stem but dying down to the root each year";</li> <li>"<small>BOTANY</small> Resembling a leaf in colour or texture. Opp. <a href="/wiki/Glossary_of_botanical_terms#scarious" title="Glossary of botanical terms">scarious</a>".<sup id="cite_ref-SOED_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SOED-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ol> <p>Botanical sources differ from each other on the definition of "herb". For instance, the <a href="/wiki/Hunt_Institute_for_Botanical_Documentation" title="Hunt Institute for Botanical Documentation">Hunt Institute for Botanical Documentation</a> includes the condition "when persisting over more than one growing season, the parts of the shoot dying back seasonally".<sup id="cite_ref-Hunt_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hunt-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Some orchids, such as species of <i><a href="/wiki/Phalaenopsis" title="Phalaenopsis">Phalaenopsis</a></i>, are described in some sources (including the authoritative <a href="/wiki/Plants_of_the_World_Online" title="Plants of the World Online">Plants of the World Online</a>) as "herbs" but with "leaves persistent or sometimes deciduous".<sup id="cite_ref-China_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-China-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-POWO_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-POWO-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the glossary of <i>Flora of the Sydney Region</i>, <a href="/wiki/Roger_Charles_Carolin" title="Roger Charles Carolin">Roger Charles Carolin</a> defines "herb" as a "plant that does not produce a woody stem", and the adjective "herbaceous" as meaning "herb-like, referring to parts of the plant that are green and soft in texture".<sup id="cite_ref-Carolin_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Carolin-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-RBGS_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-RBGS-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Description">Description</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Herbaceous_plant&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Description"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Herbaceous plants include <a href="/wiki/Graminoid" title="Graminoid">graminoids</a>, <a href="/wiki/Forb" title="Forb">forbs</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Fern" title="Fern">ferns</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Bebarta2011_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bebarta2011-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Forbs are generally defined as herbaceous broad-leafed plants,<sup id="cite_ref-Pond2004_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Pond2004-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> while graminoids are plants with grass-like appearance including <a href="/wiki/Poaceae" title="Poaceae">true grasses</a>, sedges, and rushes.<sup id="cite_ref-GordonPrins2007_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GordonPrins2007-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-ChapmanBolen2015_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ChapmanBolen2015-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Herbaceous plants most often are low-growing plants, different from woody plants like trees and <a href="/wiki/Shrub" title="Shrub">shrubs</a>, tending to have soft green stems that lack <a href="/wiki/Lignin" title="Lignin">lignification</a> and their above-ground growth is <a href="/wiki/Ephemeral" class="mw-redirect" title="Ephemeral">ephemeral</a> and often seasonal in duration.<sup id="cite_ref-LackEvans2005_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-LackEvans2005-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> By contrast, non-herbaceous vascular plants are <a href="/wiki/Woody_plant" title="Woody plant">woody plants</a> that have stems above ground that remain alive, even during any dormant season, and grow shoots the next year from the above-ground parts – these include <a href="/wiki/Tree" title="Tree">trees</a>, <a href="/wiki/Shrub" title="Shrub">shrubs</a>, <a href="/wiki/Vine" title="Vine">vines</a> and woody <a href="/wiki/Bamboo" title="Bamboo">bamboos</a>. Banana plants are also regarded as herbaceous plants because the stem does not contain true woody tissue.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Some herbaceous plants can grow rather large, such as the genus <i><a href="/wiki/Musa_(genus)" title="Musa (genus)">Musa</a></i>, to which the <a href="/wiki/Banana" title="Banana">banana</a> belongs.<sup id="cite_ref-PicqINIB00_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-PicqINIB00-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Habit_and_habitat">Habit and habitat</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Herbaceous_plant&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Habit and habitat"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Steppe_flora,_Wild_flowers,_Rostov-on-Don,_Russia.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Steppe_flora%2C_Wild_flowers%2C_Rostov-on-Don%2C_Russia.jpg/240px-Steppe_flora%2C_Wild_flowers%2C_Rostov-on-Don%2C_Russia.jpg" decoding="async" width="240" height="164" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Steppe_flora%2C_Wild_flowers%2C_Rostov-on-Don%2C_Russia.jpg/360px-Steppe_flora%2C_Wild_flowers%2C_Rostov-on-Don%2C_Russia.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Steppe_flora%2C_Wild_flowers%2C_Rostov-on-Don%2C_Russia.jpg/480px-Steppe_flora%2C_Wild_flowers%2C_Rostov-on-Don%2C_Russia.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4774" data-file-height="3264" /></a><figcaption>A wide variety of herbaceous <a href="/wiki/Poaceae" title="Poaceae">Poaceae</a> plants in a grassland</figcaption></figure> <p>Some relatively fast-growing herbaceous plants (especially annuals) are <a href="/wiki/Pioneer_species" title="Pioneer species">pioneers</a>, or early-successional species. Others form the main vegetation of many stable habitats, occurring for example in the ground layer of <a href="/wiki/Forest" title="Forest">forests</a>, or in naturally open <a href="/wiki/Habitat" title="Habitat">habitats</a> such as <a href="/wiki/Meadow" title="Meadow">meadow</a>, <a href="/wiki/Salt_marsh" title="Salt marsh">salt marsh</a> or <a href="/wiki/Desert" title="Desert">desert</a>. Some habitats, like <a href="/wiki/Grassland" title="Grassland">grasslands</a> and <a href="/wiki/Prairies" class="mw-redirect" title="Prairies">prairies</a> and <a href="/wiki/Savannas" class="mw-redirect" title="Savannas">savannas</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-Osborne2000_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Osborne2000-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> are dominated by herbaceous plants along with aquatic environments like <a href="/wiki/Pond" title="Pond">ponds</a>, streams and <a href="/wiki/Lake" title="Lake">lakes</a>. </p><p>The age of some herbaceous perennial plants can be determined by <a href="/wiki/Herbchronology" title="Herbchronology">herbchronology</a>, the analysis of annual growth rings in the secondary root <a href="/wiki/Xylem" title="Xylem">xylem</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Herbaceous plants do not produce perennializing above-ground structures using <a href="/wiki/Lignin" title="Lignin">lignin</a>, which is a complex phenolic polymer deposited in the secondary cell wall of all vascular plants. The development of lignin during vascular plant evolution provided mechanical strength, rigidity, and hydrophobicity to secondary cell walls creating a woody stem, allowing plants to grow tall and transport water and nutrients over longer distances within the plant body. Since most woody plants are perennials with a longer life cycle because it takes more time and more resources (nutrients and water) to produce persistently living lignified woody stems, they are not as able to colonize open and dry ground as rapidly as herbs.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (June 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>The surface of herbs is a catalyst for dew,<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> which in arid climates and seasons is the main type of precipitation and is necessary for the survival of vegetation,<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> i.e. in arid areas, herbaceous plants are a generator of precipitation and the basis of an ecosystem. Most of the water vapor that turns into dew comes from the air, not the soil or clouds.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The taller the herb (<a href="/wiki/Surface_area" title="Surface area">surface area</a> is the main factor though), the more dew it produces,<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> so a short cut of the herbs necessitates watering. For example, if you frequently and shortly cut the grass without watering in an arid zone, then <a href="/wiki/Desertification" title="Desertification">desertification</a> occurs. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Types_of_herbaceous_plants">Types of herbaceous plants</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Herbaceous_plant&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Types of herbaceous plants"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Most herbaceous plants have a perennial (85%) life cycle but some are annual (15%) or biennial (<1%).<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Annual plants die completely at the end of the growing season or when they have flowered and fruited, and then new plants grow from seed.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Herbaceous perennial and biennial plants may have <a href="/wiki/Plant_stem" title="Plant stem">stems</a> that die at the end of the growing season, but parts of the plant survive under or close to the ground from season to season (for biennials, until the next growing season, when they grow and flower again, then die).<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (June 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>New growth can also develop from living tissues remaining on or under the ground, including <a href="/wiki/Root" title="Root">roots</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Caudex" title="Caudex">caudex</a> (a thickened portion of the stem at ground level) or various types of <a href="/wiki/Underground_stem" title="Underground stem">underground stems</a>, such as <a href="/wiki/Bulb" title="Bulb">bulbs</a>, <a href="/wiki/Corm" title="Corm">corms</a>, <a href="/wiki/Stolon" title="Stolon">stolons</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rhizome" title="Rhizome">rhizomes</a> and <a href="/wiki/Tuber" title="Tuber">tubers</a>. Examples of herbaceous biennials include <a href="/wiki/Carrot" title="Carrot">carrot</a>, <a href="/wiki/Parsnip" title="Parsnip">parsnip</a> and <a href="/wiki/Senecio_jacobaea" class="mw-redirect" title="Senecio jacobaea">common ragwort</a>; herbaceous perennials include <a href="/wiki/Potato" title="Potato">potato</a>, <a href="/wiki/Peony" title="Peony">peony</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hosta" title="Hosta">hosta</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mentha" title="Mentha">mint</a>, most <a href="/wiki/Fern" title="Fern">ferns</a> and most <a href="/wiki/Poaceae" title="Poaceae">grasses</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Herbaceous_plant&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Flora of the British Isles</i>, Clapham, Tutin, and Warburg, 2nd edition</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Arteca2014-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Arteca2014_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFRichard_N._Arteca2014" class="citation book cs1">Richard N. Arteca (14 February 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=-LkTCgAAQBAJ&pg=PA584"><i>Introduction to the Horticultural Science</i></a>. Cengage Learning. pp. 584–. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-111-31279-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-111-31279-4"><bdi>978-1-111-31279-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Introduction+to+the+Horticultural+Science&rft.pages=584-&rft.pub=Cengage+Learning&rft.date=2014-02-14&rft.isbn=978-1-111-31279-4&rft.au=Richard+N.+Arteca&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D-LkTCgAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA584&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHerbaceous+plant" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSolomon,_E.P.Berg,_L.R.Martin,_D.W.2004" class="citation book cs1">Solomon, E.P.; Berg, L.R.; Martin, D.W. (2004). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/isbn_9780534648442_1"><i>Biology</i></a></span>. Brooks/Cole Thomson Learning. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-534-49547-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-534-49547-3"><bdi>978-0-534-49547-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Biology&rft.pub=Brooks%2FCole+Thomson+Learning&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=978-0-534-49547-3&rft.au=Solomon%2C+E.P.&rft.au=Berg%2C+L.R.&rft.au=Martin%2C+D.W.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fisbn_9780534648442_1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHerbaceous+plant" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-SOED-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-SOED_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><i>Shorter Oxford English dictionary on historical principles</i> (6th ed.). Oxford: Oxford University Press. 2007. pp. 1236–1237. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-920687-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-920687-2"><bdi>978-0-19-920687-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Shorter+Oxford+English+dictionary+on+historical+principles&rft.place=Oxford&rft.pages=1236-1237&rft.edition=6th&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-0-19-920687-2&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHerbaceous+plant" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Hunt-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Hunt_5-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://huntbot.org/fnaglossary/search?title_op=contains&title=herb">"Hunt Institute for Botanical Documentation"</a>. Carnegie Mellon University<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 August</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Hunt+Institute+for+Botanical+Documentation&rft.pub=Carnegie+Mellon+University&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fhuntbot.org%2Ffnaglossary%2Fsearch%3Ftitle_op%3Dcontains%26title%3Dherb&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHerbaceous+plant" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-China-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-China_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=2&taxon_id=124878">"<i>Phalaenopsis</i>"</a>. Flora of China<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 August</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Phalaenopsis&rft.pub=Flora+of+China&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fefloras.org%2Fflorataxon.aspx%3Fflora_id%3D2%26taxon_id%3D124878&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHerbaceous+plant" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-POWO-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-POWO_7-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:30326-1">"<i>Phalaenopsis</i> - General Description"</a>. Plants of the World Online<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 August</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Phalaenopsis+-+General+Description&rft.pub=Plants+of+the+World+Online&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fpowo.science.kew.org%2Ftaxon%2Furn%3Alsid%3Aipni.org%3Anames%3A30326-1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHerbaceous+plant" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Carolin-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Carolin_8-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCarolinTindale1994" class="citation book cs1">Carolin, Roger C.; Tindale, Mary D. (1994). <i>Flora of the Sydney region</i> (4th ed.). Chatswood, NSW: Reed. p. 23. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-73-010400-1" title="Special:BookSources/0-73-010400-1"><bdi>0-73-010400-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Flora+of+the+Sydney+region&rft.place=Chatswood%2C+NSW&rft.pages=23&rft.edition=4th&rft.pub=Reed&rft.date=1994&rft.isbn=0-73-010400-1&rft.aulast=Carolin&rft.aufirst=Roger+C.&rft.au=Tindale%2C+Mary+D.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHerbaceous+plant" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-RBGS-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-RBGS_9-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://plantnet.rbgsyd.nsw.gov.au/cgi-bin/NSWfl.pl?page=nswfl&glossary=yes&alpha=F-H">"Glossary of Botanical Terms"</a>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 March</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Glossary+of+Botanical+Terms&rft.pub=Royal+Botanic+Garden+Sydney&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fplantnet.rbgsyd.nsw.gov.au%2Fcgi-bin%2FNSWfl.pl%3Fpage%3Dnswfl%26glossary%3Dyes%26alpha%3DF-H&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHerbaceous+plant" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Bebarta2011-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Bebarta2011_10-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKailash_Chandra_Bebarta2011" class="citation book cs1">Kailash Chandra Bebarta (2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=lOzqQABNkH0C&pg=PA224"><i>Dictionary of Forestry and Wildlife Sciences</i></a>. Concept Publishing Company. pp. 224–. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-81-8069-719-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-81-8069-719-7"><bdi>978-81-8069-719-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Dictionary+of+Forestry+and+Wildlife+Sciences&rft.pages=224-&rft.pub=Concept+Publishing+Company&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=978-81-8069-719-7&rft.au=Kailash+Chandra+Bebarta&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DlOzqQABNkH0C%26pg%3DPA224&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHerbaceous+plant" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Pond2004-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Pond2004_11-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWilson_G._Pond2004" class="citation book cs1">Wilson G. Pond (16 November 2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=1SQl7Ao3mHoC&pg=PA425"><i>Encyclopedia of Animal Science (Print)</i></a>. CRC Press. pp. 425–. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8247-5496-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8247-5496-9"><bdi>978-0-8247-5496-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Encyclopedia+of+Animal+Science+%28Print%29&rft.pages=425-&rft.pub=CRC+Press&rft.date=2004-11-16&rft.isbn=978-0-8247-5496-9&rft.au=Wilson+G.+Pond&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D1SQl7Ao3mHoC%26pg%3DPA425&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHerbaceous+plant" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-GordonPrins2007-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-GordonPrins2007_12-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFIain_J._GordonHerbert_H.T._Prins2007" class="citation book cs1">Iain J. Gordon; Herbert H.T. Prins (14 September 2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=uGD6omgD2fwC&pg=PA220"><i>The Ecology of Browsing and Grazing</i></a>. Springer Science & Business Media. pp. 220–. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3-540-72422-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-3-540-72422-3"><bdi>978-3-540-72422-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Ecology+of+Browsing+and+Grazing&rft.pages=220-&rft.pub=Springer+Science+%26+Business+Media&rft.date=2007-09-14&rft.isbn=978-3-540-72422-3&rft.au=Iain+J.+Gordon&rft.au=Herbert+H.T.+Prins&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DuGD6omgD2fwC%26pg%3DPA220&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHerbaceous+plant" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ChapmanBolen2015-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-ChapmanBolen2015_13-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBrian_R._ChapmanEric_G._Bolen2015" class="citation book cs1">Brian R. Chapman; Eric G. Bolen (31 August 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=78bCCQAAQBAJ&pg=PA98"><i>Ecology of North America</i></a>. John Wiley & Sons. pp. 98–. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-118-97154-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-118-97154-3"><bdi>978-1-118-97154-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Ecology+of+North+America&rft.pages=98-&rft.pub=John+Wiley+%26+Sons&rft.date=2015-08-31&rft.isbn=978-1-118-97154-3&rft.au=Brian+R.+Chapman&rft.au=Eric+G.+Bolen&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D78bCCQAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA98&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHerbaceous+plant" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-LackEvans2005-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-LackEvans2005_14-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAndrew_J._LackDavid_E._Evans2005" class="citation book cs1">Andrew J. 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Garland Science. pp. 199–. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-415-35643-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-415-35643-5"><bdi>978-0-415-35643-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Plant+Biology&rft.pages=199-&rft.pub=Garland+Science&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=978-0-415-35643-5&rft.au=Andrew+J.+Lack&rft.au=David+E.+Evans&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DbiFOZ3aK8i8C%26pg%3DPA199&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHerbaceous+plant" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200606074210/https://www.lexico.com/explore/is-a-banana-a-fruit-or-a-herb">"Is A Banana A Fruit Or A Herb? | Lexico"</a>. <i>Lexico Dictionaries | English</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.lexico.com/explore/is-a-banana-a-fruit-or-a-herb">the original</a> on June 6, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Lexico+Dictionaries+%26%23124%3B+English&rft.atitle=Is+A+Banana+A+Fruit+Or+A+Herb%3F+%26%23124%3B+Lexico&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.lexico.com%2Fexplore%2Fis-a-banana-a-fruit-or-a-herb&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHerbaceous+plant" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-PicqINIB00-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-PicqINIB00_16-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPicqINIBAP2000" class="citation book cs1">Picq, Claudine & INIBAP, eds. (2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130411222515/http://www.musalit.org/pdf/info09.1_en.pdf"><i>Bananas</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> (English ed.). Montpellier: International Network for the Improvement of Banana and Plantains/International Plant Genetic Resources Institute. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-2-910810-37-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-2-910810-37-5"><bdi>978-2-910810-37-5</bdi></a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.musalit.org/pdf/info09.1_en.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on April 11, 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2022-04-30</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Biology+Dictionary&rft.atitle=Herbaceous+Plants+Examples&rft.date=2018-04-02&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbiologydictionary.net%2Fherbaceous-plants-examples%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHerbaceous+plant" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol 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href="/wiki/Branches_of_botany" title="Branches of botany">Subdisciplines</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Archaeobotany" class="mw-redirect" title="Archaeobotany">Archaeobotany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Astrobotany" title="Astrobotany">Astrobotany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bryology" title="Bryology">Bryology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dendrology" title="Dendrology">Dendrology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethnobotany" title="Ethnobotany">Ethnobotany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paleobotany" title="Paleobotany">Paleobotany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phycology" title="Phycology">Phycology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phytochemistry" title="Phytochemistry">Phytochemistry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phytogeography" title="Phytogeography">Phytogeography</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Geobotanical_prospecting" title="Geobotanical prospecting">Geobotany</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plant_anatomy" title="Plant anatomy">Plant anatomy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plant_ecology" title="Plant ecology">Plant ecology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plant_pathology" title="Plant pathology">Plant pathology</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #C3EEC3;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Plant" title="Plant">Plant</a> groups</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Algae" title="Algae">Algae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Archaeplastida" title="Archaeplastida">Archaeplastida</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bryophyte" title="Bryophyte">Bryophyte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Non-vascular_plant" title="Non-vascular plant">Non-vascular plants</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vascular_plant" title="Vascular plant">Vascular plants</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fern" title="Fern">Fern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lycophyte" title="Lycophyte">Lycophyte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spermatophyte" class="mw-redirect" title="Spermatophyte">Spermatophytes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gymnosperm" title="Gymnosperm">Gymnosperm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flowering_plant" title="Flowering plant">Angiosperm</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #C3EEC3;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Plant_anatomy" title="Plant anatomy">Plant anatomy</a> <div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Plant_morphology" title="Plant morphology">Plant morphology</a><br /><span class="nobold">(<a href="/wiki/Glossary_of_plant_morphology" title="Glossary of plant morphology">glossary</a>)</span></li></ul></div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #D4EED4;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Plant_cell" title="Plant cell">Plant cells</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cell_wall" title="Cell wall">Cell wall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phragmoplast" title="Phragmoplast">Phragmoplast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plastid" title="Plastid">Plastid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plasmodesma" title="Plasmodesma">Plasmodesma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vacuole" title="Vacuole">Vacuole</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #D4EED4;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Tissue_(biology)" title="Tissue (biology)">Tissues</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cork_cambium" title="Cork cambium">Cork</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ground_tissue" title="Ground tissue">Ground tissue</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Leaf#Mesophyll" title="Leaf">Mesophyll</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meristem" title="Meristem">Meristem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Storage_organ" title="Storage organ">Storage organs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vascular_tissue" title="Vascular tissue">Vascular tissue</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vascular_bundle" title="Vascular bundle">Vascular bundle</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wood" title="Wood">Wood</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #D4EED4;;width:1%">Vegetative</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bulb" title="Bulb">Bulb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Root" title="Root">Root</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rhizoid" title="Rhizoid">Rhizoid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rhizome" title="Rhizome">Rhizome</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shoot_(botany)" title="Shoot (botany)">Shoot</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bud" title="Bud">Bud</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leaf" title="Leaf">Leaf</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cataphyll" title="Cataphyll">Cataphyll</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Petiole_(botany)" title="Petiole (botany)">Petiole</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sessility_(botany)" title="Sessility (botany)">Sessility</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plant_stem" title="Plant stem">Stem</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #D4EED4;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Plant_reproductive_morphology" title="Plant reproductive morphology">Reproductive</a><br />(incl. Flower)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Archegonium" title="Archegonium">Archegonium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antheridium" title="Antheridium">Antheridium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stamen" title="Stamen">Androecium</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pollen" title="Pollen">Pollen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stamen" title="Stamen">Stamen</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anther" class="mw-redirect" title="Anther">Anther</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stamen#Morphology_and_terminology" title="Stamen">Filament</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Staminode" title="Staminode">Staminode</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tapetum_(botany)" title="Tapetum (botany)">Tapetum</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flower" title="Flower">Flower</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aestivation_(botany)" title="Aestivation (botany)">Aestivation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ABC_model_of_flower_development" title="ABC model of flower development">Flower development</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Floral_diagram" title="Floral diagram">Floral diagram</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Floral_formula" title="Floral formula">Floral formula</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Floral_symmetry" title="Floral symmetry">Floral symmetry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Whorl_(botany)" title="Whorl (botany)">Whorl</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fruit" title="Fruit">Fruit</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fruit_anatomy" class="mw-redirect" title="Fruit anatomy">Anatomy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Berry_(botany)" title="Berry (botany)">Berry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capsule_(fruit)" title="Capsule (fruit)">Capsule</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nut_(fruit)" title="Nut (fruit)">Nut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pyrena" title="Pyrena">Pyrena</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seed" title="Seed">Seed</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Seed_dispersal" title="Seed dispersal">Dispersal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Endosperm" title="Endosperm">Endosperm</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gametophyte" title="Gametophyte">Gametophyte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Column_(botany)" title="Column (botany)">Gynandrium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gynoecium" title="Gynoecium">Gynoecium</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Carpel" class="mw-redirect" title="Carpel">Carpel</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ovary_(botany)" title="Ovary (botany)">Ovary</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Locule" title="Locule">Locule</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ovule" title="Ovule">Ovule</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stigma_(botany)" title="Stigma (botany)">Stigma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Style_(botany)" title="Style (botany)">Style</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hypanthium" title="Hypanthium">Hypanthium (Floral cup)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inflorescence" title="Inflorescence">Inflorescence</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bract" title="Bract">Bract</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pedicel_(botany)" title="Pedicel (botany)">Pedicellate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raceme" title="Raceme">Raceme</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Umbel" title="Umbel">Umbel</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Perianth" title="Perianth">Perianth</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tepal" title="Tepal">Tepal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Petal" title="Petal">Petal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sepal" title="Sepal">Sepal</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Embryo#Plant_embryos" title="Embryo">Plant embryo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Receptacle_(botany)" title="Receptacle (botany)">Receptacle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sporophyll" title="Sporophyll">Sporophyll</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sporophyte" title="Sporophyte">Sporophyte</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #D4EED4;;width:1%">Surface structures</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Plant_cuticle" title="Plant cuticle">Cuticle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Epicuticular_wax" title="Epicuticular wax">Epicuticular wax</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Epidermis_(botany)" title="Epidermis (botany)">Epidermis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nectar" title="Nectar">Nectar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stoma" title="Stoma">Stoma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thorns,_spines,_and_prickles" title="Thorns, spines, and prickles">Thorns, spines, and prickles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trichome" title="Trichome">Trichome</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #C3EEC3;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Plant_physiology" title="Plant physiology">Plant physiology</a><br />Materials</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aleurone" title="Aleurone">Aleurone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apical_dominance" title="Apical dominance">Apical dominance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bulk_movement" title="Bulk movement">Bulk flow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cellulose" title="Cellulose">Cellulose</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plant_nutrition" title="Plant nutrition">Nutrition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Photosynthesis" title="Photosynthesis">Photosynthesis</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chlorophyll" title="Chlorophyll">Chlorophyll</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phytomelanin" title="Phytomelanin">Phytomelanin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plant_hormone" title="Plant hormone">Plant hormones</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Respiratory_system#Plants" title="Respiratory system">Respiration</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gas_exchange#Plants" title="Gas exchange">Gas Exchange</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cellular_respiration" title="Cellular respiration">Cellular respiration</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sap" title="Sap">Sap</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Starch" title="Starch">Starch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sugar" title="Sugar">Sugar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transpiration" title="Transpiration">Transpiration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turgor_pressure" title="Turgor pressure">Turgor pressure</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #C3EEC3;;width:1%">Plant growth<br />and habit</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Habit_(biology)#Structure" title="Habit (biology)">Habit</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cushion_plant" title="Cushion plant">Cushion plants</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rosette_(botany)" title="Rosette (botany)">Rosettes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shrub" title="Shrub">Shrubs</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Prostrate_shrub" title="Prostrate shrub">Prostrate shrubs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Subshrub" title="Subshrub">Subshrubs</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Succulent_plant" title="Succulent plant">Succulent plants</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tree" title="Tree">Trees</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vine" title="Vine">Vines</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Liana" title="Liana">Lianas</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Herbaceous plants</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Secondary_growth" title="Secondary growth">Secondary growth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Woody_plant" title="Woody plant">Woody plants</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #C3EEC3;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Plant_reproduction" title="Plant reproduction">Reproduction</a> <div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Plant_evolution" title="Plant evolution">Evolution</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Plant_ecology" title="Plant ecology">Ecology</a></li></ul></div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alternation_of_generations" title="Alternation of generations">Alternation of generations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Double_fertilization" title="Double fertilization">Double fertilization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plant_evolutionary_developmental_biology" title="Plant evolutionary developmental biology">Evolutionary development</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evolutionary_history_of_plants" title="Evolutionary history of plants">Evolutionary history</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_plant_evolution" title="Timeline of plant evolution">timeline</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flora" title="Flora">Flora</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Germination" title="Germination">Germination</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pollination" title="Pollination">Pollination</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Artificial_pollination" class="mw-redirect" title="Artificial pollination">Artificial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pollinator" title="Pollinator">Pollinators</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pollen_tube" title="Pollen tube">Pollen tube</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Self-pollination" title="Self-pollination">Self</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sporangium" title="Sporangium">Sporangium</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Microsporangia" class="mw-redirect" title="Microsporangia">Microsporangia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Microspore" title="Microspore">Microspore</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sporangium" title="Sporangium">Megasporangium</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Megaspore" title="Megaspore">Megaspore</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spore" title="Spore">Spore</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #C3EEC3;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Plant_taxonomy" title="Plant taxonomy">Plant taxonomy</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Taxonomy_(biology)" title="Taxonomy (biology)">Biological classification</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Botanical_nomenclature" title="Botanical nomenclature">Botanical nomenclature</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Botanical_name" title="Botanical name">Botanical name</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Correct_name" title="Correct name">Correct name</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Author_citation_(botany)" title="Author citation (botany)">Author citation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Code_of_Nomenclature_for_algae,_fungi,_and_plants" title="International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants">International Code of Nomenclature (ICN)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Code_of_Nomenclature_for_Cultivated_Plants" title="International Code of Nomenclature for Cultivated Plants">ICN for Cultivated Plants (ICNCP)</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cultivated_plant_taxonomy" title="Cultivated plant taxonomy">Cultivated plant taxonomy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Citrus_taxonomy" title="Citrus taxonomy">Citrus taxonomy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cultigen" title="Cultigen">Cultigen</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cultivar" title="Cultivar">Cultivar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cultivar_group" title="Cultivar group">Group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grex_(horticulture)" title="Grex (horticulture)">Grex</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_plant_systematics" title="History of plant systematics">History of plant systematics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herbarium" title="Herbarium">Herbarium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Association_for_Plant_Taxonomy" title="International Association for Plant Taxonomy">International Association for Plant Taxonomy</a> (IAPT)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_systems_of_plant_taxonomy" title="List of systems of plant taxonomy">Plant taxonomy systems</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taxonomic_rank" title="Taxonomic rank">Taxonomic rank</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #C3EEC3;;width:1%">Practice</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div 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