[2405.07230] Acoustic Positioning for Deep Sea Neutrino Telescopes with a System of Piezo Sensors Integrated into Glass Spheres

<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en"> <head> <title>[2405.07230] Acoustic Positioning for Deep Sea Neutrino Telescopes with a System of Piezo Sensors Integrated into Glass Spheres</title> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="180x180" href="/static/browse/0.3.4/images/icons/apple-touch-icon.png"> <link rel="icon" type="image/png" sizes="32x32" href="/static/browse/0.3.4/images/icons/favicon-32x32.png"> <link rel="icon" type="image/png" sizes="16x16" href="/static/browse/0.3.4/images/icons/favicon-16x16.png"> <link rel="manifest" href="/static/browse/0.3.4/images/icons/site.webmanifest"> <link rel="mask-icon" href="/static/browse/0.3.4/images/icons/safari-pinned-tab.svg" color="#5bbad5"> <meta name="msapplication-TileColor" content="#da532c"> <meta name="theme-color" content="#ffffff"> <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" media="screen" href="/static/browse/0.3.4/css/arXiv.css?v=20241206" /> <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" media="print" href="/static/browse/0.3.4/css/arXiv-print.css?v=20200611" /> <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" media="screen" href="/static/browse/0.3.4/css/browse_search.css" /> <script language="javascript" src="/static/browse/0.3.4/js/accordion.js" /></script> <link rel="canonical" href="https://arxiv.org/abs/2405.07230"/> <meta name="description" content="Abstract page for arXiv paper 2405.07230: Acoustic Positioning for Deep Sea Neutrino Telescopes with a System of Piezo Sensors Integrated into Glass Spheres"><meta property="og:type" content="website" /> <meta property="og:site_name" content="arXiv.org" /> <meta property="og:title" content="Acoustic Positioning for Deep Sea Neutrino Telescopes with a System of Piezo Sensors Integrated into Glass Spheres" /> <meta property="og:url" content="https://arxiv.org/abs/2405.07230v2" /> <meta property="og:image" content="/static/browse/0.3.4/images/arxiv-logo-fb.png" /> <meta property="og:image:secure_url" content="/static/browse/0.3.4/images/arxiv-logo-fb.png" /> <meta property="og:image:width" content="1200" /> <meta property="og:image:height" content="700" /> <meta property="og:image:alt" content="arXiv logo"/> <meta property="og:description" content="Position calibration in the deep sea is typically done by means of acoustic multilateration using three or more acoustic emitters installed at known positions. Rather than using hydrophones as receivers that are exposed to the ambient pressure, the sound signals can be coupled to piezo ceramics glued to the inside of existing containers for electronics or measuring instruments of a deep sea infrastructure. The ANTARES neutrino telescope operated from 2006 until 2022 in the Mediterranean Sea at a depth exceeding 2000m. It comprised nearly 900 glass spheres with 432mm diameter and 15mm thickness, equipped with photomultiplier tubes to detect Cherenkov light from tracks of charged elementary particles. In an experimental setup within ANTARES, piezo sensors have been glued to the inside of such - otherwise empty - glass spheres. These sensors recorded signals from acoustic emitters with frequencies from 46545 to 60235Hz. Two waves propagating through the glass sphere are found as a result of the excitation by the waves in the water. These can be qualitatively associated with symmetric and asymmetric Lamb-like waves of zeroth order: a fast (early) one with $v_e \approx 5$mm/$渭$s and a slow (late) one with $v_\ell \approx 2$mm/$渭$s. Taking these findings into account improves the accuracy of the position calibration. The results can be transferred to the KM3NeT neutrino telescope, currently under construction at multiple sites in the Mediterranean Sea, for which the concept of piezo sensors glued to the inside of glass spheres has been adapted for monitoring the positions of the photomultiplier tubes."/> <meta name="twitter:site" content="@arxiv"/> <meta name="twitter:card" content="summary"/> <meta name="twitter:title" content="Acoustic Positioning for Deep Sea Neutrino Telescopes with a..."/> <meta name="twitter:description" content="Position calibration in the deep sea is typically done by means of acoustic multilateration using three or more acoustic emitters installed at known positions. Rather than using hydrophones as..."/> <meta name="twitter:image" content="https://static.arxiv.org/icons/twitter/arxiv-logo-twitter-square.png"/> <meta name="twitter:image:alt" content="arXiv logo"/> <link rel="stylesheet" media="screen" type="text/css" href="/static/browse/0.3.4/css/tooltip.css"/><link rel="stylesheet" media="screen" type="text/css" href="https://static.arxiv.org/js/bibex-dev/bibex.css?20200709"/> <script src="/static/browse/0.3.4/js/mathjaxToggle.min.js" type="text/javascript"></script> <script src="//code.jquery.com/jquery-latest.min.js" type="text/javascript"></script> <script src="//cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/js-cookie@2/src/js.cookie.min.js" type="text/javascript"></script> <script src="//cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/dompurify@2.3.5/dist/purify.min.js"></script> <script src="/static/browse/0.3.4/js/toggle-labs.js?20241022" type="text/javascript"></script> <script src="/static/browse/0.3.4/js/cite.js" type="text/javascript"></script><meta name="citation_title" content="Acoustic Positioning for Deep Sea Neutrino Telescopes with a System of Piezo Sensors Integrated into Glass Spheres" /><meta name="citation_author" content="Albert, A." /><meta name="citation_author" content="Alves, S." /><meta name="citation_author" content="Andr茅, M." /><meta name="citation_author" content="Ardid, M." /><meta name="citation_author" content="Ardid, S." /><meta name="citation_author" content="Aubert, J. -J." /><meta name="citation_author" content="Aublin, J." /><meta name="citation_author" content="Baret, B." /><meta name="citation_author" content="Basa, S." /><meta name="citation_author" content="Becherini, Y." /><meta name="citation_author" content="Belhorma, B." /><meta name="citation_author" content="Bendahman, M." /><meta name="citation_author" content="Benfenati, F." /><meta name="citation_author" content="Bertin, V." /><meta name="citation_author" content="Biagi, S." /><meta name="citation_author" content="Boumaaza, J." /><meta name="citation_author" content="Bouta, M." /><meta name="citation_author" content="Bouwhuis, M. 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D." /><meta name="citation_author" content="Z煤帽iga, J." /><meta name="citation_doi" content="10.1007/s10686-024-09971-7" /><meta name="citation_date" content="2024/05/12" /><meta name="citation_online_date" content="2025/01/07" /><meta name="citation_pdf_url" content="http://arxiv.org/pdf/2405.07230" /><meta name="citation_arxiv_id" content="2405.07230" /><meta name="citation_abstract" content="Position calibration in the deep sea is typically done by means of acoustic multilateration using three or more acoustic emitters installed at known positions. Rather than using hydrophones as receivers that are exposed to the ambient pressure, the sound signals can be coupled to piezo ceramics glued to the inside of existing containers for electronics or measuring instruments of a deep sea infrastructure. The ANTARES neutrino telescope operated from 2006 until 2022 in the Mediterranean Sea at a depth exceeding 2000m. It comprised nearly 900 glass spheres with 432mm diameter and 15mm thickness, equipped with photomultiplier tubes to detect Cherenkov light from tracks of charged elementary particles. In an experimental setup within ANTARES, piezo sensors have been glued to the inside of such - otherwise empty - glass spheres. These sensors recorded signals from acoustic emitters with frequencies from 46545 to 60235Hz. Two waves propagating through the glass sphere are found as a result of the excitation by the waves in the water. These can be qualitatively associated with symmetric and asymmetric Lamb-like waves of zeroth order: a fast (early) one with $v_e \approx 5$mm/$\mu$s and a slow (late) one with $v_\ell \approx 2$mm/$\mu$s. Taking these findings into account improves the accuracy of the position calibration. The results can be transferred to the KM3NeT neutrino telescope, currently under construction at multiple sites in the Mediterranean Sea, for which the concept of piezo sensors glued to the inside of glass spheres has been adapted for monitoring the positions of the photomultiplier tubes." /> </head> <body class="with-cu-identity"> <div class="flex-wrap-footer"> <header> <a href="#content" class="is-sr-only">Skip to main content</a>  <div class="columns is-vcentered is-hidden-mobile" id="cu-identity"> <div class="column" id="cu-logo"> <a href="https://www.cornell.edu/"><img src="/static/browse/0.3.4/images/icons/cu/cornell-reduced-white-SMALL.svg" alt="Cornell University" /></a> </div><div class="column" id="support-ack"> <span id="support-ack-url">We gratefully acknowledge support from the Simons Foundation, <a href="https://info.arxiv.org/about/ourmembers.html">member institutions</a>, and all contributors.</span> <a href="https://info.arxiv.org/about/donate.html" 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version, v2)]</div> <h1 class="title mathjax"><span class="descriptor">Title:</span>Acoustic Positioning for Deep Sea Neutrino Telescopes with a System of Piezo Sensors Integrated into Glass Spheres</h1> <div class="authors"><span class="descriptor">Authors:</span><a href="https://arxiv.org/search/astro-ph?searchtype=author&query=Albert,+A" rel="nofollow">A. Albert</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/astro-ph?searchtype=author&query=Alves,+S" rel="nofollow">S. Alves</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/astro-ph?searchtype=author&query=Andr%C3%A9,+M" rel="nofollow">M. Andr茅</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/astro-ph?searchtype=author&query=Ardid,+M" rel="nofollow">M. Ardid</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/astro-ph?searchtype=author&query=Ardid,+S" rel="nofollow">S. Ardid</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/astro-ph?searchtype=author&query=Aubert,+J" rel="nofollow">J.-J. Aubert</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/astro-ph?searchtype=author&query=Aublin,+J" rel="nofollow">J. Aublin</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/astro-ph?searchtype=author&query=Baret,+B" rel="nofollow">B. Baret</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/astro-ph?searchtype=author&query=Basa,+S" rel="nofollow">S. Basa</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/astro-ph?searchtype=author&query=Becherini,+Y" rel="nofollow">Y. Becherini</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/astro-ph?searchtype=author&query=Belhorma,+B" rel="nofollow">B. Belhorma</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/astro-ph?searchtype=author&query=Bendahman,+M" rel="nofollow">M. Bendahman</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/astro-ph?searchtype=author&query=Benfenati,+F" rel="nofollow">F. Benfenati</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/astro-ph?searchtype=author&query=Bertin,+V" rel="nofollow">V. Bertin</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/astro-ph?searchtype=author&query=Biagi,+S" rel="nofollow">S. Biagi</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/astro-ph?searchtype=author&query=Boumaaza,+J" rel="nofollow">J. Boumaaza</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/astro-ph?searchtype=author&query=Bouta,+M" rel="nofollow">M. Bouta</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/astro-ph?searchtype=author&query=Bouwhuis,+M" rel="nofollow">M.C. Bouwhuis</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/astro-ph?searchtype=author&query=Br%C3%A2nza%C5%9F,+H" rel="nofollow">H. Br芒nza艧</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/astro-ph?searchtype=author&query=Bruijn,+R" rel="nofollow">R. Bruijn</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/astro-ph?searchtype=author&query=Brunner,+J" rel="nofollow">J. Brunner</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/astro-ph?searchtype=author&query=Busto,+J" rel="nofollow">J. Busto</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/astro-ph?searchtype=author&query=Caiffi,+B" rel="nofollow">B. Caiffi</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/astro-ph?searchtype=author&query=Calvo,+D" rel="nofollow">D. Calvo</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/astro-ph?searchtype=author&query=Campion,+S" rel="nofollow">S. Campion</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/astro-ph?searchtype=author&query=Capone,+A" rel="nofollow">A. Capone</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/astro-ph?searchtype=author&query=Carenini,+F" rel="nofollow">F. Carenini</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/astro-ph?searchtype=author&query=Carr,+J" rel="nofollow">J. Carr</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/astro-ph?searchtype=author&query=Carretero,+V" rel="nofollow">V. Carretero</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/astro-ph?searchtype=author&query=Celli,+S" rel="nofollow">S. Celli</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/astro-ph?searchtype=author&query=Cerisy,+L" rel="nofollow">L. Cerisy</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/astro-ph?searchtype=author&query=Chabab,+M" rel="nofollow">M. Chabab</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/astro-ph?searchtype=author&query=Moursli,+R+C+E" rel="nofollow">R. Cherkaoui El Moursli</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/astro-ph?searchtype=author&query=Chiarusi,+T" rel="nofollow">T. Chiarusi</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/astro-ph?searchtype=author&query=Circella,+M" rel="nofollow">M. 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(40 additional authors not shown)</a> <noscript> You must enable JavaScript to view entire author list.</noscript></div> <div id="download-button-info" hidden>View a PDF of the paper titled Acoustic Positioning for Deep Sea Neutrino Telescopes with a System of Piezo Sensors Integrated into Glass Spheres, by A. Albert and 139 other authors</div> <a class="mobile-submission-download" href="/pdf/2405.07230">View PDF</a> <a class="mobile-submission-download" href="https://arxiv.org/html/2405.07230v2">HTML (experimental)</a> <blockquote class="abstract mathjax"> <span class="descriptor">Abstract:</span>Position calibration in the deep sea is typically done by means of acoustic multilateration using three or more acoustic emitters installed at known positions. Rather than using hydrophones as receivers that are exposed to the ambient pressure, the sound signals can be coupled to piezo ceramics glued to the inside of existing containers for electronics or measuring instruments of a deep sea infrastructure. The ANTARES neutrino telescope operated from 2006 until 2022 in the Mediterranean Sea at a depth exceeding 2000m. It comprised nearly 900 glass spheres with 432mm diameter and 15mm thickness, equipped with photomultiplier tubes to detect Cherenkov light from tracks of charged elementary particles. In an experimental setup within ANTARES, piezo sensors have been glued to the inside of such - otherwise empty - glass spheres. These sensors recorded signals from acoustic emitters with frequencies from 46545 to 60235Hz. Two waves propagating through the glass sphere are found as a result of the excitation by the waves in the water. These can be qualitatively associated with symmetric and asymmetric Lamb-like waves of zeroth order: a fast (early) one with $v_e \approx 5$mm/$\mu$s and a slow (late) one with $v_\ell \approx 2$mm/$\mu$s. Taking these findings into account improves the accuracy of the position calibration. The results can be transferred to the KM3NeT neutrino telescope, currently under construction at multiple sites in the Mediterranean Sea, for which the concept of piezo sensors glued to the inside of glass spheres has been adapted for monitoring the positions of the photomultiplier tubes. </blockquote>  <div class="metatable"> <table summary="Additional metadata"> <tr> <td class="tablecell label">Comments:</td> <td class="tablecell comments mathjax">Published by "Experimental Astronomy"</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="tablecell label">Subjects:</td> <td class="tablecell subjects"> <span class="primary-subject">Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)</span>; Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det)</td> </tr><tr> <td class="tablecell label">Cite as:</td> <td class="tablecell arxivid"><span class="arxivid"><a href="https://arxiv.org/abs/2405.07230">arXiv:2405.07230</a> [astro-ph.IM]</span></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="tablecell label"> </td> <td class="tablecell arxividv">(or <span class="arxivid"> <a href="https://arxiv.org/abs/2405.07230v2">arXiv:2405.07230v2</a> [astro-ph.IM]</span> for this version) </td> </tr> <tr> <td class="tablecell label"> </td> <td class="tablecell arxivdoi"> <a href="https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2405.07230" id="arxiv-doi-link">https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2405.07230</a><div class="button-and-tooltip"> <button class="more-info" aria-describedby="more-info-desc-1"> <svg height="15" role="presentation" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 512 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M256 8C119.043 8 8 119.083 8 256c0 136.997 111.043 248 248 248s248-111.003 248-248C504 119.083 392.957 8 256 8zm0 110c23.196 0 42 18.804 42 42s-18.804 42-42 42-42-18.804-42-42 18.804-42 42-42zm56 254c0 6.627-5.373 12-12 12h-88c-6.627 0-12-5.373-12-12v-24c0-6.627 5.373-12 12-12h12v-64h-12c-6.627 0-12-5.373-12-12v-24c0-6.627 5.373-12 12-12h64c6.627 0 12 5.373 12 12v100h12c6.627 0 12 5.373 12 12v24z" class=""></path></svg> <span class="visually-hidden">Focus to learn more</span> </button>  <div role="tooltip" id="more-info-desc-1"> <span class="left-corner"></span> arXiv-issued DOI via DataCite</div> </div> </td> </tr> <tr> <td class="tablecell label">Journal reference:</td> <td class="tablecell jref">Exp Astron 59, 6 (2025)</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="tablecell label"> <abbr title="Digital Object Identifier">Related DOI</abbr>: </td> <td class="tablecell doi"><a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/s10686-024-09971-7" data-doi="10.1007/s10686-024-09971-7" class="link-https link-external" rel="external noopener nofollow">https://doi.org/10.1007/s10686-024-09971-7</a>  <div class="button-and-tooltip"> <button class="more-info" aria-describedby="more-info-desc-1"> <svg height="15" role="presentation" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 512 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M256 8C119.043 8 8 119.083 8 256c0 136.997 111.043 248 248 248s248-111.003 248-248C504 119.083 392.957 8 256 8zm0 110c23.196 0 42 18.804 42 42s-18.804 42-42 42-42-18.804-42-42 18.804-42 42-42zm56 254c0 6.627-5.373 12-12 12h-88c-6.627 0-12-5.373-12-12v-24c0-6.627 5.373-12 12-12h12v-64h-12c-6.627 0-12-5.373-12-12v-24c0-6.627 5.373-12 12-12h64c6.627 0 12 5.373 12 12v100h12c6.627 0 12 5.373 12 12v24z" class=""></path></svg> <span class="visually-hidden">Focus to learn more</span> </button>  <div role="tooltip" id="more-info-desc-1"> <span class="left-corner"></span> DOI(s) linking to related resources </div> </div> </td> </tr> </table> </div> </div> </div> <div class="submission-history"> <h2>Submission history</h2> From: Robert Lahmann [<a href="/show-email/d8f60c53/2405.07230" rel="nofollow">view email</a>] <br/> <strong><a href="/abs/2405.07230v1" rel="nofollow">[v1]</a></strong> Sun, 12 May 2024 09:09:39 UTC (1,568 KB)<br/> <strong>[v2]</strong> Tue, 7 Jan 2025 11:06:14 UTC (1,586 KB)<br/> </div> </div>  <div class="extra-services"> <div class="full-text"> <a name="other"></a> <span class="descriptor">Full-text links:</span> <h2>Access Paper:</h2> <ul> <div id="download-button-info" hidden> View a PDF of the paper titled Acoustic Positioning for Deep Sea Neutrino Telescopes with a System of Piezo Sensors Integrated into Glass Spheres, by A. 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[2405.07230] Acoustic Positioning for Deep Sea Neutrino Telescopes with a System of Piezo Sensors Integrated into Glass Spheres