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Rudyard Kipling: How the storyteller's teenage career paved the way for his most famous literary works | The Independent
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id="cookie-warning"> <a href="#" class="close icon-close" title="OK"></a> <p>We use cookies to enhance your visit to our site and to bring you advertisements that might interest you. Read our <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160930155825/http://www.independent.co.uk/service/privacy-policy-a6184181.html">Privacy</a> and <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160930155825/http://www.independent.co.uk/service/cookie-policy-a6184186.html">Cookie</a> Policies to find out more.</p> </div> <div class="tabs"></div> <div class="region region-content"> <article class="full-article" itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/NewsArticle"> <meta itemprop="mainEntityOfPage" content="http://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/books/features/rudyard-kipling-young-teenager-jobs-juvenilia-jungle-book-just-so-stories-a7316246.html"> <div itemprop="publisher" itemscope itemtype="https://schema.org/Organization"> <meta itemprop="name" content="The Independent"> <link itemprop="sameAs" href="http://www.independent.co.uk"> <link itemprop="logo" href="https://static.independent.co.uk/static-assets/brand-logo.png"> </div> <header> <ol vocab="http://schema.org/" typeof="BreadcrumbList" class="breadcrumbs clearfix"><li property="itemListElement" typeof="ListItem"><a property="item" typeof="WebPage" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160930155825/http://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment"><span property="name">Culture</span></a></li><li property="itemListElement" typeof="ListItem"><a property="item" typeof="WebPage" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160930155825/http://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/books"><span property="name">Books</span></a></li><li property="itemListElement" typeof="ListItem"><a property="item" typeof="WebPage" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160930155825/http://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/books/features"><span property="name">Features</span></a></li></ol> <h1 itemprop="headline" class=" ">Rudyard Kipling: How the storyteller's teenage career paved the way for his most famous literary works</h1> <div class="intro"> <p>The author's early journalism reveals his delight in observation and storytelling – but also an experimental approach to his writing that would by turns surprise, unsettle and beguile readers of his later fiction</p> </div> <ul class="caption meta inline-pipes-list"> <li class="author" itemprop="author" itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/Person"> <span itemprop="name"><a href="/web/20160930155825/http://www.independent.co.uk/author/sarah-lonsdale-0" title="Sarah Lonsdale">Sarah Lonsdale</a></span> </li> <li title="20 September 2016 12:35 London"><time data-microtimes="{"published":"1474371339000","display":0,"changed":"1474371339000"}" datetime="12:35, 20 September 2016">Tuesday 20 September 2016 12:35 BST</time></li> <li class="comments"> <a href="#commentsDiv" id="comment-count" class="icon-comment"></a> </li> </ul> <div id="gigya-share-btns-1"></div> </header> <figure itemprop="associatedMedia image" itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" class="featured-media medium-width"> <meta itemprop="representativeOfPage" content="true"> <meta itemprop="url" content="https://web.archive.org/web/20160930155825/https://static.independent.co.uk/s3fs-public/thumbnails/image/2016/09/19/12/rudyard-kipling.jpg"> <meta itemprop="width" content="2048"> <meta itemprop="height" content="1536"> <!-- scald=4900366:article_responsive_images --><picture title="rudyard-kipling.jpg"> <!--[if IE 9]><video style="display: none;"><![endif]--> <source srcset="https://web.archive.org/web/20160930155825im_/https://static.independent.co.uk/s3fs-public/styles/article_medium/public/thumbnails/image/2016/09/19/12/rudyard-kipling.jpg 1x" media="(min-width: 620px) and (max-width: 929px)"/> <source srcset="https://web.archive.org/web/20160930155825im_/https://static.independent.co.uk/s3fs-public/styles/article_large/public/thumbnails/image/2016/09/19/12/rudyard-kipling.jpg 1x" media="(min-width: 930px) and (max-width: 1239px)"/> <source srcset="https://web.archive.org/web/20160930155825im_/https://static.independent.co.uk/s3fs-public/styles/story_large/public/thumbnails/image/2016/09/19/12/rudyard-kipling.jpg 1x" media="(min-width: 1240px)"/> <!--[if IE 9]></video><![endif]--> <img src="https://web.archive.org/web/20160930155825im_/https://static.independent.co.uk/s3fs-public/styles/article_small/public/thumbnails/image/2016/09/19/12/rudyard-kipling.jpg" alt="rudyard-kipling.jpg" title="rudyard-kipling.jpg"/> </picture><!-- END scald=4900366 --> <figcaption itemprop="description" class="caption"> Joseph Rudyard Kipling returned to India from England to work as a reporter for the Civil and Military Gazette under a newspaper apprenticeship <span class="copyright">Rex</span> </figcaption> </figure> <div class="article-wrapper clearfix"> <div class="main-content-column"> <div class="text-wrapper" itemprop="articleBody"> <p>Sixteen-year-old Rudyard Kipling returned to India after a miserable childhood, and slightly less miserable adolescence in England, to take up the perfect job for a precociously gifted but possibly unemployable son of empire. He was to be 50 per cent of the editorial staff – as he describes in his memoir <em>Something of Myself </em>– of the <em>Civil and Military Gazette</em>, the newspaper for Anglo-Indian Lahore society.</p> <p>While Kipling is famous for his fiction, particularly for his <em>Jungle Book</em> and <em>Just So Stories</em>, he wrote thousands upon thousands of words of journalism before his fictional daemon, as he called it, awoke. His newspaper apprenticeship helped him develop his distinctive concise prose style, the limited spaces forcing every word he wrote to tell, carry, weigh, taste and, if needed, smell.</p> <p>It is this ruthless weighing of words which enabled Kipling to get more layers of meaning, more subtlety and complexity into one of his short stories than another novelist could in a whole book.</p> <div class="inline-block inline-block-related-single inline-block-left" data-nid="/arts-entertainment/books/reviews/the-jungle-book-by-rudyard-kipling-book-of-a-lifetime-magic-rooted-in-reality-of-common-life-10103745.html"><a href="/web/20160930155825/http://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/books/reviews/the-jungle-book-by-rudyard-kipling-book-of-a-lifetime-magic-rooted-in-reality-of-common-life-10103745.html"><img src="/web/20160930155825im_/http://www.independent.co.uk/s3/files/styles/readmore_card/public/thumbnails/image/2015/03/12/14/5804772.jpg"/><div class="content"> <div class="context-capsule">Read more</div> <h2>The Jungle Book by Rudyard Kipling, book of a lifetime: Magic rooted</h2> </div> </a></div> <p>Journalism uncapped the creative geyser. Shortly after his editor sent him on his first trip as a correspondent for his newspaper, the short stories that would make him famous started appearing. His newspaper reports – many unpublished since they first appeared in the gazette in 1884-5 – show not just what a precocious child Kipling was, but also how observations made as a teenage reporter would influence his later fiction.</p> <p>Many themes and concepts of his short stories, from the cautionary tale to the idea of the unreliable narrator and the redemptive innocence of children, are first expressed in his newspaper articles. Kipling’s early journalism also reveals his much-decried attitude towards native India: early articles criticise laziness, corruption and lack of hygiene. But it also reveals wonder and love for the vast, mysterious country. While a selection of his journalism was published in <em>Kipling’s India</em>, edited by Thomas Pinney, hundreds more articles languish in microfilm copies of the <em>Civil and Military Gazette</em>, which I have been studying over the summer.</p> <div class="dnd-widget-wrapper context-sdl_editor_representation type-image"><div class="dnd-atom-rendered"><!-- scald=4072031:sdl_editor_representation --><div class="image"><img src="https://web.archive.org/web/20160930155825im_/https://static.independent.co.uk/s3fs-public/styles/story_medium/public/thumbnails/image/2015/12/06/21/Jungle-Book.jpg" width="564" height="423" alt="Jungle-Book.jpg" title="Jungle-Book.jpg"/></div><!-- END scald=4072031 --></div><div class="dnd-caption-wrapper">The Jungle Book was originally published in 1894, followed by <em>The Second Jungle</em> book a year later</div></div> <p>One of Kipling’s first assignments was to report on the viceroy’s visit to the Maharaja of Patiala, some 200 miles from Lahore, in March 1884. Though still in his teens, the young reporter’s words capture brilliantly the dazzling show:</p> <p>"Elephants with silver havedahs and trappings of gold … swung to and fro like ships at anchor, the sunlight lit up gold stiffened jhools and bejewelled earrings till the roadside seemed to be ablaze with all the treasures of the Arabian Nights and the elephants themselves shone like glorified fireflies."</p> <div class="dnd-widget-wrapper context-sdl_editor_representation type-gallery"><div class="dnd-atom-rendered"><!-- scald=3917426:sdl_editor_representation --><div class="image"><script> <!--//--><![CDATA[// ><!-- jQuery(document).ready(function(){ if (jQuery(window).width() > 620){ var galleryTitle = jQuery(".container.grid-mod-gallery .gallery-title"); var galleryTitleText = galleryTitle.text(); var galleryTitleLength = galleryTitleText.length; if(galleryTitleLength > 50) { galleryTitle.css("font-size","17px"); } if(galleryTitleLength > 60) { galleryTitle.css({ "padding":"12px 20px", "line-height":"22px" }); } } }); //--><!]]> </script><div class="container grid-mod-gallery" data-scald-gallery="3917426"> <!-- Gallery title --> <h2 class="gallery-title"><span class="media-prefix icon-gallery"></span>Culture news in pictures</h2> <div class="images"> <!-- First four images --> <ul><li class="lazy " data-original="https://static.independent.co.uk/s3fs-public/styles/story_large/public/thumbnails/image/2016/09/30/15/art-auction-sothebys.jpg"> <a data-gallery-thumb="1" href="#"><span class="pager icon-arrow-left"></span></a> <a data-gallery-thumb="1" href="#"><span class="pager icon-arrow-right"></span></a> </li> <li class="lazy " data-original="https://static.independent.co.uk/s3fs-public/styles/storylist/public/thumbnails/image/2016/09/29/15/street-art-odeith.jpg" style="background-image: url('/web/20160930155825im_/http://www.independent.co.uk/sites/all/themes/ines_themes/ines_theme/img/blank.gif');"> <a data-gallery-thumb="2" href="#"></a> </li> <li 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Matsuyama's installation features a strong contrast of black and white, which he learned from dazzle camouflage used mainly in World War I</p> <!-- Optional photo credits --> <p class="credits">AP</p> </li> <li data-gallery-legend="25"> <h2> <span class="counter">25/30</span> <!-- Optional photo title --> 13 September 2016 </h2> <!-- Optional photo caption --> <p>Visitors look at artworks by Chinese painter Cui Ruzhuo during the exhibition 'Glossiness of Uncarved Jade' held at the exhibition hall 'Manezh' in St. Petersburg, Russia. More than 200 paintings by the Chinese artist are presented until 25 September</p> <!-- Optional photo credits --> <p class="credits">EPA</p> </li> <li data-gallery-legend="26"> <h2> <span class="counter">26/30</span> <!-- Optional photo title --> 12 September 2016 </h2> <!-- Optional photo caption --> <p>A visitor looks at Raphael's painting 'Extase de Sainte Cecile', 1515, from the Uffizi Gallery in Florence during the opening of a Raphael exhibition at the Pushkin State Museum of Fine Arts in Moscow, Russia. The first Russian exhibition of the works of the Italian Renaissance artist Raffaello Sanzio da Urbino includes eight paintings and three drawings which come from Italy. Th exhibit opens to the public from 13 September to 11 December</p> <!-- Optional photo credits --> <p class="credits">EPA</p> </li> <li data-gallery-legend="27"> <h2> <span class="counter">27/30</span> <!-- Optional photo title --> 11 September 2016 </h2> <!-- Optional photo caption --> <p>Steve Cropper and Eddie Floyd perform during Otis Redding 75th Birthday Celebration - Rehearsals at the Macon City Auditorium in Macon, Georgia</p> <!-- Optional photo credits --> <p class="credits">Getty Images for Otis Redding 75</p> </li> <li data-gallery-legend="28"> <h2> <span class="counter">28/30</span> <!-- Optional photo title --> 10 September 2016 </h2> <!-- Optional photo caption --> <p>Sakari Oramo conducting the BBC Symphony Orchestra, the BBC Symphony Chorus and the BBC Singers at the Last Night of the Proms 2016 at the Royal Albert Hall in London</p> <!-- Optional photo credits --> <p class="credits">PA</p> </li> <li data-gallery-legend="29"> <h2> <span class="counter">29/30</span> <!-- Optional photo title --> 9 September 2016 </h2> <!-- Optional photo caption --> <p>A visitor walks past a piece entitled "Fruitcake" by Joana Vasconcelo, during the Beyond Limits selling exhibition at Chatsworth House near Bakewell </p> <!-- Optional photo credits --> <p class="credits">REUTERS</p> </li> <li data-gallery-legend="30"> <h2> <span class="counter">30/30</span> <!-- Optional photo title --> 8 September 2016 </h2> <!-- Optional photo caption --> <p>A sculpture of a crescent standing on the 2,140 meters high mountain 'Freiheit' (German for 'freedom'), in the Alpstein region of the Appenzell alps, eastern Switzerland. The sculpture is lighted during the nights by means of solar panels. The 38-year-old Swiss artist and atheist Christian Meier set the crescent on the peak to start a debate on the meaning of religious symbols - as summit crosses - on mountains. 'Because so many peaks have crosses on them, it struck me as a great idea to put up an equally absurd contrast'. 'Naturally I wanted to provoke in a fun way. But it goes beyond that. The actions of an artist should be food for thought, both visually and in content'</p> <!-- Optional photo credits --> <p class="credits">EPA</p> </li> </ul><div class="ad-mpu mpu5-container"> </div> </div> </div> </div><!-- END scald=3917426 --></div></div> <p>The alchemy of the 18-year-old Kipling’s language transforms these giant, earthy beasts, first into almost weightless boats swaying at sea and then, defying physics, they become airborne.</p> <p>Who also can read this passage and its deliberate reference to the Arabian Nights fables without calling to mind the mystical “elephant dance” of the <em>Jungle Book</em> and Hathi who appeared to Mowgli:</p> <p>"Swaying and rocking and shifting from one foot to another … his three sons rolled side by side."</p> <div class="dnd-widget-wrapper context-sdl_editor_representation type-image"><div class="dnd-atom-rendered"><!-- scald=4900501:sdl_editor_representation --><div class="image"><img src="https://web.archive.org/web/20160930155825im_/https://static.independent.co.uk/s3fs-public/styles/story_medium/public/thumbnails/image/2016/09/19/12/just-so-stories.jpg" width="564" height="423" alt="just-so-stories.jpg" title="just-so-stories.jpg"/></div><!-- END scald=4900501 --></div><div class="dnd-caption-wrapper">The Just So Stories were written by Kipling and published in 1902 (Rex)</div></div> <p>As well as their passages of beautiful description, the articles, which appeared in March 1884, contain the first sighting of Kipling’s use of the unreliable observer/narrator, who is such an ubiquitous character in his early short stories, particularly the <em>Indian Plain Tales From The Hills</em>. Observing the soldiers accompanying the viceroy, Kipling the reporter admits “it is difficult at first sight to assign each man to his proper regiment”, as he confesses he cannot see much from his vantage point, a surprising and brave admission from a professional journalist out to prove himself to his editor on his first assignment.</p> <p>This was followed in another article by his admission of “massive ignorance” of music and musical criticism in a write-up of an evening event. To help him, Kipling brings in a second, unnamed correspondent who “really knows” about both subjects. This effectively absolves Kipling from any errors that may creep into the article, another technique he uses in his short stories, to unsettle the reader and to distance the narrator from the story he tells.</p> <p>Another piece of reportage about an agricultural exhibition in Jullundur (now Jalandhar) and published in January 1885 also shows how Kipling the storyteller is bursting to be rid of the straight-jacket of factual reporting. He reports, as if starting a fireside tale: “One of the exhibitors, a certain artist, one Mahammed Sharif, possesses the secrets of all the colours and glazes of the old Mughal tile-work as it exists to perfection on the Nakodar tombs.”</p> <div class="relatedlinkslist inline-block-related-list inline-block-left"> <h2 class="box-title">Read more</h2> <div class="relatedlinkslist-content" style="min-height: 10px;"> <ul class="related"><li><a data-author="Jack Shepherd..." data-nid="6986031" data-publish_date="15-04-2016" href="/web/20160930155825/http://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/films/features/the-jungle-book-neel-sethi-interview-sequel-superhero-india-rating-a6986031.html">The Jungle Book: Mowgli actor Neel Sethi on the fun of CGI, superhero ambitions and sharing brisket with Bill Murray</a></li> <li><a data-author="Geoffrey Macnab..." data-nid="6982196" data-publish_date="13-04-2016" href="/web/20160930155825/http://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/films/reviews/the-jungle-book-film-review-groundbreaking-and-magical-a6982196.html">The Jungle Book review: Cutting-edge visual effects matched with solid storytelling</a></li> <li><a data-author="Jack Shepherd..." data-nid="6979936" data-publish_date="12-04-2016" href="/web/20160930155825/http://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/films/news/jungle-book-2-diney-already-working-on-sequel-with-jon-favreau-a6979936.html">Jungle Book 2: Disney already working on sequel with Jon Favreau</a></li> </ul></div> </div> <p>But Sharif, though his skill could make a fortune, refuses to make the tiles because he is too lazy. Instead he wastes his talents on turning out simple domestic pottery and suggests the character of the camel in the <em>Just So Stories</em> who lived in the middle of a howling desert because he did not want to work.</p> <p>Even an apparently banal account of the visit of a travelling entertainer to Lahore has, for Kipling, creative potential. In a January 1885 report, “Mr Hudson’s Surprise Party”, Kipling tells his readers that the itinerant Mr Hudson has been to Lahore before. He then casually drops in a reference to “the painful reminiscences connected with his last visit”, tantalisingly hinting at nocturnal criminality – but not quite satisfying the reader with all the facts. This technique, which invites the reader to fill in the gaps with horrific conjecture would also later be employed in his short stories.</p> <p>The lines that are supposed to delineate firmly the boundary between journalism and fiction, become, in Kipling’s reportage, very blurred. His early journalism reveals his delight in observation and storytelling – but also an experimental approach to his writing that would by turns surprise, unsettle and beguile readers of his later fiction.</p> <p><em>This article originally appeared on The Conversation (theconversation.com). Sarah Lonsdale is a Lecturer in Journalism at City, University of London</em></p> <p><img alt="The Conversation" height="1" src="https://web.archive.org/web/20160930155825im_/https://counter.theconversation.edu.au/content/1429/count.gif" width="1"/></p> <meta itemprop="datePublished" content="2016-09-20T13:35:39+01:00"/> <ul class="inline-pipes-list"> <li> More about: </li> <li><a itemprop="keywords" href="/web/20160930155825/http://www.independent.co.uk/topic/rudyard-kipling">Rudyard Kipling</a></li> <li><a itemprop="keywords" href="/web/20160930155825/http://www.independent.co.uk/topic/India">India</a></li> <li><a itemprop="keywords" href="/web/20160930155825/http://www.independent.co.uk/topic/Journalism">Journalism</a></li> </ul> <div id="gigya-share-btns-2"></div> <a href="/web/20160930155825/http://www.independent.co.uk/syndication/reuse-permision-form" target="_blank" class="syndication-btn"><img 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