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class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Usage"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Usage</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Usage-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Usage subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Usage-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Education" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Education"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Education</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Education-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-As_a_conspiracy_theory" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#As_a_conspiracy_theory"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>As a conspiracy theory</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-As_a_conspiracy_theory-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Media" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Media"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Media</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Media-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Inclusive_language" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Inclusive_language"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4</span> <span>Inclusive language</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Inclusive_language-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Satirical_use" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Satirical_use"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.5</span> <span>Satirical use</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Satirical_use-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Science" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Science"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.6</span> <span>Science</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Science-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Right-wing_political_correctness" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Right-wing_political_correctness"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Right-wing political correctness</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Right-wing_political_correctness-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Political correctness</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 57 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-57" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">57 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B5%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D8%B3%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%8A%D8%A9" title="صوابية سياسية – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="صوابية سياسية" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Correici%C3%B3n_pol%C3%ADtica" title="Correición política – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Correición política" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ch%C3%A8ng-t%C4%AB_k%C3%A1i-ch%C3%A8ng" title="Chèng-tī kái-chèng – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Chèng-tī kái-chèng" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%96%D1%82%D1%8B%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8D%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%86%D1%8C" title="Палітычная карэктнасць – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Палітычная карэктнасць" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82" title="Политическа коректност – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Политическа коректност" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Politische_Korrektheit" title="Politische Korrektheit – Bavarian" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="Politische Korrektheit" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="Bavarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Boarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dereadegezh_politikel" title="Dereadegezh politikel – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Dereadegezh politikel" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Correcci%C3%B3_pol%C3%ADtica" title="Correcció política – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Correcció política" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Politick%C3%A1_korektnost" title="Politická korektnost – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Politická korektnost" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cywirdeb_gwleidyddol" title="Cywirdeb gwleidyddol – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Cywirdeb gwleidyddol" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Politisk_korrekthed" title="Politisk korrekthed – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Politisk korrekthed" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Politische_Korrektheit" title="Politische Korrektheit – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Politische Korrektheit" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poliitiline_korrektsus" title="Poliitiline korrektsus – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Poliitiline korrektsus" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A0%CE%BF%CE%BB%CE%B9%CF%84%CE%B9%CE%BA%CE%AE_%CE%BF%CF%81%CE%B8%CF%8C%CF%84%CE%B7%CF%84%CE%B1" title="Πολιτική ορθότητα – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Πολιτική ορθότητα" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Correcci%C3%B3n_pol%C3%ADtica" title="Corrección política – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Corrección política" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Politika_%C4%9Dusteco" title="Politika ĝusteco – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Politika ĝusteco" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D8%B2%D8%A7%DA%A9%D8%AA_%D8%B3%DB%8C%D8%A7%D8%B3%DB%8C" title="نزاکت سیاسی – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="نزاکت سیاسی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Politiquement_correct" title="Politiquement correct – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Politiquement correct" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%A0%95%EC%B9%98%EC%A0%81_%EC%98%AC%EB%B0%94%EB%A6%84" title="정치적 올바름 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="정치적 올바름" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%94%D5%A1%D5%B2%D5%A1%D6%84%D5%A1%D5%AF%D5%A1%D5%B6_%D5%AF%D5%B8%D5%BC%D5%A5%D5%AF%D5%BF%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%A9%D5%B5%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B6" title="Քաղաքական կոռեկտություն – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Քաղաքական կոռեկտություն" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Politi%C4%8Dka_korektnost" title="Politička korektnost – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Politička korektnost" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Politikala_korekteso" title="Politikala korekteso – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Politikala korekteso" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/P%C3%B3lit%C3%ADskur_r%C3%A9tttr%C3%BAna%C3%B0ur" title="Pólitískur rétttrúnaður – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Pólitískur rétttrúnaður" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Correttezza_politica" title="Correttezza politica – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Correttezza politica" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%AA%D7%A7%D7%99%D7%A0%D7%95%D7%AA_%D7%A4%D7%95%D7%9C%D7%99%D7%98%D7%99%D7%AA" title="תקינות פוליטית – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="תקינות פוליטית" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dirustiya_siyas%C3%AE" title="Dirustiya siyasî – Kurdish" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Dirustiya siyasî" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Correctio_politica" title="Correctio politica – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Correctio politica" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Politiskais_korektums" title="Politiskais korektums – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Politiskais korektums" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Politesch_Korrektheet" title="Politesch Korrektheet – Luxembourgish" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Politesch Korrektheet" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxembourgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Politinis_korekti%C5%A1kumas" title="Politinis korektiškumas – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Politinis korektiškumas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Politikai_korrekts%C3%A9g" title="Politikai korrektség – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Politikai korrektség" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pembaikan_politik" title="Pembaikan politik – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Pembaikan politik" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Politieke_correctheid" title="Politieke correctheid – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Politieke correctheid" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%9D%E3%83%AA%E3%83%86%E3%82%A3%E3%82%AB%E3%83%AB%E3%83%BB%E3%82%B3%E3%83%AC%E3%82%AF%E3%83%88%E3%83%8D%E3%82%B9" title="ポリティカル・コレクトネス – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ポリティカル・コレクトネス" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Politisk_korrekthet" title="Politisk korrekthet – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Politisk korrekthet" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Politisk_s%C3%B8me" title="Politisk søme – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Politisk søme" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Correccion_politica" title="Correccion politica – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Correccion politica" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%8A_%D8%B3%D9%85%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%84%DB%8C" title="سياسي سموالی – Pashto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="سياسي سموالی" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="Pashto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poprawno%C5%9B%C4%87_polityczna" title="Poprawność polityczna – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Poprawność polityczna" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Politicamente_correto" title="Politicamente correto – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Politicamente correto" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corectitudine_politic%C4%83" title="Corectitudine politică – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Corectitudine politică" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8C" title="Политическая корректность – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Политическая корректность" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Political_correctness" title="Political correctness – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Political correctness" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%B3%D8%AA%DB%8C%DB%8C_%D8%B3%DB%8C%D8%A7%D8%B3%DB%8C" title="دروستیی سیاسی – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="دروستیی سیاسی" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Politi%C4%8Dka_korektnost" title="Politička korektnost – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Politička korektnost" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Politi%C4%8Dka_korektnost" title="Politička korektnost – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Politička korektnost" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / 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href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%96%E0%B8%B9%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%95%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B7%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%87" title="ความถูกต้องทางการเมือง – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ความถูกต้องทางการเมือง" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Politik_do%C4%9Fruculuk" title="Politik doğruculuk – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Politik doğruculuk" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%96%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%BD%D1%96%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8C" title="Політична коректність – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Політична коректність" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%90%C3%BAng_%C4%91%E1%BA%AFn_ch%C3%ADnh_tr%E1%BB%8B" title="Đúng đắn chính trị – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Đúng đắn chính trị" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wa mw-list-item"><a href="https://wa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Politicmint_comif%C3%A5t" title="Politicmint comifåt – Walloon" lang="wa" hreflang="wa" data-title="Politicmint 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searchaux" style="display:none">Measures to avoid offense or disadvantage</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"Politically correct" and "Politically incorrect" redirect here. 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rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1066933788"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1066933788"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1066933788"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1066933788"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1066933788"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1066933788"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1066933788"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1066933788"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1066933788"><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile nowraplinks"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-pretitle" style="background:#ffdd99;p">Part of <a href="/wiki/Category:Discrimination" title="Category:Discrimination">a series</a> on</td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle" style="font-size:175%; line-height:1.0em; background:#ffdd99;"><a href="/wiki/Discrimination" title="Discrimination">Discrimination</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-image" style="padding:0.5em 0"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Emojione_1F6AB.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Emojione_1F6AB.svg/70px-Emojione_1F6AB.svg.png" decoding="async" width="70" height="70" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Emojione_1F6AB.svg/105px-Emojione_1F6AB.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Emojione_1F6AB.svg/140px-Emojione_1F6AB.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border-top:1px solid #aaa; border-bottom:1px solid #aaa;background:#ffdd99;padding-left:0.4em;text-align:left;font-size:110%;;color: var(--color-base)">Forms</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content plainlist"><div class="hlist"> <div class="excerpt-block"><div class="excerpt"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Institutional_discrimination" title="Institutional discrimination">Institutional</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Structural_discrimination" title="Structural discrimination">Structural</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Statistical_discrimination_(economics)" title="Statistical discrimination (economics)">Statistical</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taste-based_discrimination" title="Taste-based discrimination">Taste-based</a></li></ul></div></div> </div></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border-top:1px solid #aaa; border-bottom:1px solid #aaa;background:#ffdd99;padding-left:0.4em;text-align:left;font-size:110%;;color: var(--color-base)">Attributes</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content plainlist"><div class="hlist"> <div class="excerpt-block"><div class="excerpt"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ageism" title="Ageism">Age</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caste" title="Caste">Caste</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Class_discrimination" title="Class discrimination">Class</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dialect_discrimination" title="Dialect discrimination">Dialect</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ableism" title="Ableism">Disability</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Genetic_discrimination" title="Genetic discrimination">Genetic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Discrimination_based_on_hair_texture" title="Discrimination based on hair texture">Hair texture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Height_discrimination" title="Height discrimination">Height</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Linguistic_discrimination" title="Linguistic discrimination">Language</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lookism" title="Lookism">Looks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sanism" title="Sanism">Mental disorder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Racism" title="Racism">Race / Ethnicity</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Discrimination_based_on_skin_tone" title="Discrimination based on skin tone">Skin color</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scientific_racism" title="Scientific racism">Scientific racism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rankism" title="Rankism">Rank</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sexism" title="Sexism">Sex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sexual_orientation_discrimination" title="Sexual orientation discrimination">Sexual orientation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Speciesism" title="Speciesism">Species</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sizeism" title="Sizeism">Size</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Viewpoint_discrimination" title="Viewpoint discrimination">Viewpoint</a></li></ul></div></div> </div></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border-top:1px solid #aaa; border-bottom:1px solid #aaa;background:#ffdd99;padding-left:0.4em;text-align:left;font-size:110%;;color: var(--color-base)">Social</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content plainlist"><div class="hlist"> <div class="excerpt-block"><div class="excerpt"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arophobia" class="mw-redirect" title="Arophobia">Arophobia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Discrimination_against_asexual_people" title="Discrimination against asexual people">Acephobia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adultism" title="Adultism">Adultism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persecution_of_people_with_albinism" title="Persecution of people with albinism">Anti-albinism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Discrimination_against_autistic_people" title="Discrimination against autistic people">Anti-autism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Discrimination_against_homeless_people" title="Discrimination against homeless people">Anti-homelessness</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Discrimination_against_drug_addicts" title="Discrimination against drug addicts">Anti-drug addicts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-intellectualism" title="Anti-intellectualism">Anti-intellectualism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Discrimination_against_intersex_people" title="Discrimination against intersex people">Anti-intersex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bias_against_left-handed_people" title="Bias against left-handed people">Anti-left handedness</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Masonry" title="Anti-Masonry">Anti-Masonry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aporophobia" title="Aporophobia">Aporophobia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Audism" title="Audism">Audism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biphobia" title="Biphobia">Biphobia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clannism" class="mw-redirect" title="Clannism">Clannism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elitism" title="Elitism">Elitism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ephebiphobia" title="Ephebiphobia">Ephebiphobia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_determinants_of_health" title="Social determinants of health">Social determinants of health</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_determinants_of_health_in_poverty" title="Social determinants of health in poverty">Social determinants of health in poverty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_determinants_of_mental_health" title="Social determinants of mental health">Social determinants of mental health</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_stigma_of_obesity" title="Social stigma of obesity">Fatphobia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Discrimination_against_gay_men" title="Discrimination against gay men">Gayphobia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gerontophobia" title="Gerontophobia">Gerontophobia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heterosexism" title="Heterosexism">Heterosexism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Discrimination_against_people_with_HIV/AIDS" title="Discrimination against people with HIV/AIDS">HIV/AIDS stigma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Homophobia" title="Homophobia">Homophobia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leprosy_stigma" title="Leprosy stigma">Leprosy stigma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lesbophobia" class="mw-redirect" title="Lesbophobia">Lesbophobia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Discrimination_against_men" title="Discrimination against men">Discrimination against men</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Misandry" title="Misandry">Misandry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Misogyny" title="Misogyny">Misogyny</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nepotism" title="Nepotism">Nepotism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fear_of_children" title="Fear of children">Pedophobia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Perpetual_foreigner" title="Perpetual foreigner">Perpetual foreigner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pregnancy_discrimination" title="Pregnancy discrimination">Pregnancy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sectarianism" title="Sectarianism">Sectarianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Supremacism" title="Supremacism">Supremacism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/White_supremacy" title="White supremacy">White</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patriarchy" title="Patriarchy">Male</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transphobia" title="Transphobia">Transphobia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/21st-century_anti-trans_movement_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="21st-century anti-trans movement in the United Kingdom">21st-century anti-trans movement in the United Kingdom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Discrimination_against_non-binary_people" title="Discrimination against non-binary people">Non-binary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transmisogyny" title="Transmisogyny">Transmisogyny</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Discrimination_against_transgender_men" title="Discrimination against transgender men">Trans men</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vegaphobia" title="Vegaphobia">Vegaphobia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xenophobia" title="Xenophobia">Xenophobia</a></li></ul></div></div> </div></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border-top:1px solid #aaa; border-bottom:1px solid #aaa;background:#ffdd99;padding-left:0.4em;text-align:left;font-size:110%;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Religious_discrimination" title="Religious discrimination">Religious</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content plainlist"><div class="hlist"> <div class="excerpt-block"><div class="excerpt"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Discrimination_against_atheists" title="Discrimination against atheists">Atheism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Exclusivism#Religious_exclusivism" title="Exclusivism">Exclusivism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persecution_of_Bah%C3%A1%CA%BC%C3%ADs" title="Persecution of Baháʼís">Baháʼí Faith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persecution_of_Buddhists" title="Persecution of Buddhists">Buddhism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Christian_sentiment" title="Anti-Christian sentiment">Christianity</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Persecution_of_Christians" title="Persecution of Christians">Persecution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Catholicism" title="Anti-Catholicism">Catholicism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persecution_of_Eastern_Orthodox_Christians" title="Persecution of Eastern Orthodox Christians">Eastern Orthodoxy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persecution_of_Jehovah%27s_Witnesses" title="Persecution of Jehovah's Witnesses">Jehovah's Witnesses</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Mormonism" title="Anti-Mormonism">LDS or Mormon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persecution_of_Christians_in_the_post%E2%80%93Cold_War_era" title="Persecution of Christians in the post–Cold War era">post–Cold War era</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persecution_of_Falun_Gong" title="Persecution of Falun Gong">Falun Gong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Hindu_sentiment" title="Anti-Hindu sentiment">Hinduism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Persecution_of_Hindus" title="Persecution of Hindus">Persecution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Untouchability" title="Untouchability">Untouchability</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamophobia" title="Islamophobia">Islam</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Persecution_of_Muslims" title="Persecution of Muslims">Persecution</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Persecution_of_Ahmadis" title="Persecution of Ahmadis">Ahmadiyya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Shi%27ism" title="Anti-Shi'ism">Shi'ism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persecution_of_Sufis" title="Persecution of Sufis">Sufism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Sunnism" title="Anti-Sunnism">Sunnism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persecution_of_minority_Muslim_groups" title="Persecution of minority Muslim groups">minority Muslim</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religious_antisemitism" title="Religious antisemitism">Judaism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Persecution_of_Jews" title="Persecution of Jews">Persecution</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religious_discrimination_against_modern_pagans" title="Religious discrimination against modern pagans">Neopaganism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Protestantism" title="Anti-Protestantism">Protestantism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persecution_of_Rastafari" title="Persecution of Rastafari">Rastafari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Sikh_sentiment" title="Anti-Sikh sentiment">Sikhism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persecution_of_Yazidis" title="Persecution of Yazidis">Yazidism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persecution_of_Zoroastrians" title="Persecution of Zoroastrians">Zoroastrianism</a></li></ul></div></div> </div></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border-top:1px solid #aaa; border-bottom:1px solid #aaa;background:#ffdd99;padding-left:0.4em;text-align:left;font-size:110%;;color: var(--color-base)">Ethnic/<a href="/wiki/Discrimination_based_on_nationality" title="Discrimination based on nationality">national</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content plainlist"><div class="hlist"> <div class="excerpt-block"><div class="excerpt"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Afghan_sentiment" title="Anti-Afghan sentiment">Afghan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-African_sentiment" title="Anti-African sentiment">African</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Albanian_sentiment" title="Anti-Albanian sentiment">Albanian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Arab_racism" title="Anti-Arab racism">Arab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Armenian_sentiment" title="Anti-Armenian sentiment">Armenian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Racism_against_Asians" title="Racism against Asians">Asian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Asian_racism_in_France" title="Anti-Asian racism in France">France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Asian_racism_in_post-Apartheid_South_Africa" class="mw-redirect" title="Anti-Asian racism in post-Apartheid South Africa">South Africa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Asian_racism_in_the_United_States" class="mw-redirect" title="Anti-Asian racism in the United States">United States</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Assyrian_sentiment" title="Anti-Assyrian sentiment">Assyrian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Azerbaijani_sentiment" title="Anti-Azerbaijani sentiment">Azerbaijani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Negrophobia" class="mw-redirect" title="Negrophobia">Black people</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Racism_against_African_Americans" title="Racism against African Americans">African Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-black_discrimination_in_China" class="mw-redirect" title="Anti-black discrimination in China">China</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-black_racism_in_South_Africa" class="mw-redirect" title="Anti-black racism in South Africa">South Africa</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Bengali_sentiment_in_India" class="mw-redirect" title="Anti-Bengali sentiment in India">Bengali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_for_the_Protection_of_Macedonian_National_Honor" class="mw-redirect" title="Law for the Protection of Macedonian National Honor">Bulgarian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Catalan_sentiment" title="Anti-Catalan sentiment">Catalan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Chechen_sentiment" title="Anti-Chechen sentiment">Chechen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Chinese_sentiment" title="Anti-Chinese sentiment">Chinese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Colombian_sentiment" title="Anti-Colombian sentiment">Colombian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Croat_sentiment" title="Anti-Croat sentiment">Croat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Filipino_sentiment" title="Anti-Filipino sentiment">Filipino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Fulani_sentiment" title="Anti-Fulani sentiment">Fulani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Finnish_sentiment" title="Anti-Finnish sentiment">Finnish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Georgian_sentiment" title="Anti-Georgian sentiment">Georgian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Greek_sentiment" title="Anti-Greek sentiment">Greek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antihaitianismo" class="mw-redirect" title="Antihaitianismo">Haitian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persecution_of_Hazaras" title="Persecution of Hazaras">Hazara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Hungarian_sentiment" title="Anti-Hungarian sentiment">Hungarian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Igbo_sentiment" title="Anti-Igbo sentiment">Igbo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Indian_sentiment" title="Anti-Indian sentiment">Indian</a></li> <li>Indigenous people <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anti-indigenous_racism_in_Australia" class="mw-redirect" title="Anti-indigenous racism in Australia">Australia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-indigenous_racism_in_Canada" class="mw-redirect" title="Anti-indigenous racism in Canada">Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-indigenous_racism_in_the_United_States" class="mw-redirect" title="Anti-indigenous racism in the United States">United States</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Irish_sentiment" title="Anti-Irish sentiment">Irish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Italianism" title="Anti-Italianism">Italian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Japanese_sentiment" title="Anti-Japanese sentiment">Japanese</a></li> <li>Jewish <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Antisemitism" title="Antisemitism">Antisemitism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_antisemitism" title="New antisemitism">New</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Korean_sentiment" title="Anti-Korean sentiment">Korean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Kurdish_sentiment" title="Anti-Kurdish sentiment">Kurdish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Lithuanian_sentiment" title="Anti-Lithuanian sentiment">Lithuanian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Malay_sentiment" title="Anti-Malay sentiment">Malay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-M%C4%81ori_sentiment" title="Anti-Māori sentiment">Māori</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Mexican_sentiment" title="Anti-Mexican sentiment">Mexican</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti%E2%80%93Middle_Eastern_sentiment" title="Anti–Middle Eastern sentiment">Middle Eastern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Mongolianism" title="Anti-Mongolianism">Mongolian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Nigerian_sentiment" title="Anti-Nigerian sentiment">Nigerian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Pakistan_sentiment" title="Anti-Pakistan sentiment">Pakistani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Palestinianism" title="Anti-Palestinianism">Palestinians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Pashtun_sentiment" title="Anti-Pashtun sentiment">Pashtun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Polish_sentiment" title="Anti-Polish sentiment">Polish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Quebec_sentiment" title="Anti-Quebec sentiment">Quebec</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Romani_sentiment" title="Anti-Romani sentiment">Romani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Romanian_sentiment" title="Anti-Romanian sentiment">Romanian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Scottish_sentiment" title="Anti-Scottish sentiment">Scottish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Serb_sentiment" title="Anti-Serb sentiment">Serb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Slavic_sentiment" title="Anti-Slavic sentiment">Slavic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Somali_sentiment" title="Anti-Somali sentiment">Somali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tatarophobia" title="Tatarophobia">Tatar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Thai_sentiment" title="Anti-Thai sentiment">Thai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Turkish_sentiment" title="Anti-Turkish sentiment">Turkish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Ukrainian_sentiment" title="Anti-Ukrainian sentiment">Ukrainian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Uyghur_sentiment" class="mw-redirect" title="Anti-Uyghur sentiment">Uyghur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_incidents_of_xenophobia_during_the_Venezuelan_refugee_crisis" title="List of incidents of xenophobia during the Venezuelan refugee crisis">Venezuelan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Vietnamese_sentiment" title="Anti-Vietnamese sentiment">Vietnamese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Welsh_sentiment" class="mw-redirect" title="Anti-Welsh sentiment">Welsh</a></li></ul></div></div> </div></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border-top:1px solid #aaa; border-bottom:1px solid #aaa;background:#ffdd99;padding-left:0.4em;text-align:left;font-size:110%;;color: var(--color-base)">Manifestations</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content plainlist"><div class="hlist"> <div class="excerpt-block"><div class="excerpt"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anti-LGBTQ_rhetoric" title="Anti-LGBTQ rhetoric">Anti-LGBTQ rhetoric</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_organizations_designated_by_the_Southern_Poverty_Law_Center_as_anti-LGBTQ_hate_groups" title="List of organizations designated by the Southern Poverty Law Center as anti-LGBTQ hate groups">SPLC-designated list of anti-LGBTQ hate groups</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2020s_anti-LGBTQ_movement_in_the_United_States" title="2020s anti-LGBTQ movement in the United States">Anti-LGBTQ movemenet in the US</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/21st-century_anti-trans_movement_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="21st-century anti-trans movement in the United Kingdom">Anti-trans movement in the UK</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Zionism" title="Anti-Zionism">Anti-Zionism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blood_libel" title="Blood libel">Blood libel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bullying" title="Bullying">Bullying</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cancel_culture" title="Cancel culture">Cancel culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capital_punishment_for_homosexuality" title="Capital punishment for homosexuality">Capital punishment for homosexuality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Compulsory_sterilization" title="Compulsory sterilization">Compulsory sterilization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corrective_rape" title="Corrective rape">Corrective rape</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Counter-jihad" title="Counter-jihad">Counter-jihad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cultural_genocide" title="Cultural genocide">Cultural genocide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Defamation" title="Defamation">Defamation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Democide" title="Democide">Democide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Disability_hate_crime" title="Disability hate crime">Disability hate crime</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dog_whistle_(politics)" title="Dog whistle (politics)">Dog whistle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Domicide" title="Domicide">Domicide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economic_discrimination" title="Economic discrimination">Economic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Discrimination_in_education" title="Discrimination in education">Education</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Employment_discrimination" title="Employment discrimination">Employment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eliminationism" title="Eliminationism">Eliminationism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enemy_of_the_people" title="Enemy of the people">Enemy of the people</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethnic_cleansing" title="Ethnic cleansing">Ethnic cleansing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethnic_conflict" title="Ethnic conflict">Ethnic conflict</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethnic_hatred" title="Ethnic hatred">Ethnic hatred</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethnic_joke" title="Ethnic joke">Ethnic joke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethnocide" title="Ethnocide">Ethnocide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Discrimination_of_excellence" title="Discrimination of excellence">Excellence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gender-based_dress_codes" title="Gender-based dress codes">Gender-based dress codes</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cosmetics_policy" title="Cosmetics policy">Cosmetics policy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/High_heel_policy" title="High heel policy">High heel policy</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Forced_conversion" title="Forced conversion">Forced conversion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freak_show" title="Freak show">Freak show</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gay_bashing" title="Gay bashing">Gay bashing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gendercide" title="Gendercide">Gendercide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Genital_modification_and_mutilation" title="Genital modification and mutilation">Genital modification and mutilation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Genocide" title="Genocide">Genocide</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Genocides_in_history" title="Genocides in history">examples</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glass_ceiling" title="Glass ceiling">Glass ceiling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hate_crime" title="Hate crime">Hate crime</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Violence_against_LGBTQ_people" title="Violence against LGBTQ people">LGBTQ</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hate_group" title="Hate group">Hate group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hate_speech" title="Hate speech">Hate speech</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patient_dumping" title="Patient dumping">Homeless dumping</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Housing_discrimination" title="Housing discrimination">Housing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_rolling" title="Indian rolling">Indian rolling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kill_Haole_Day" title="Kill Haole Day">Kill Haole Day</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lavender_scare" class="mw-redirect" title="Lavender scare">Lavender scare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LGBTQ_grooming_conspiracy_theory" title="LGBTQ grooming conspiracy theory">LGBTQ grooming conspiracy theory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_people_killed_for_being_transgender" title="List of people killed for being transgender">List of people killed for being transgender</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lynching" title="Lynching">Lynching</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mortgage_discrimination" title="Mortgage discrimination">Mortgage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stop_Murder_Music" title="Stop Murder Music">Murder music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Native_American_mascot_controversy" title="Native American mascot controversy">Native American mascots</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Occupational_segregation" title="Occupational segregation">Occupational segregation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Opposition_to_immigration" title="Opposition to immigration">Opposition to immigration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paper_genocide" title="Paper genocide">Paper genocide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persecution" title="Persecution">Persecution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pogrom" title="Pogrom">Pogrom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Political_repression" title="Political repression">Political repression</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Purge" title="Purge">Purge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Racialization" title="Racialization">Racialization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religious_persecution" title="Religious persecution">Religious persecution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religious_terrorism" title="Religious terrorism">Religious terrorism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religious_violence" title="Religious violence">Religious violence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religious_war" title="Religious war">Religious war</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scapegoating" title="Scapegoating">Scapegoating</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Segregation_academy" title="Segregation academy">Segregation academy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sexual_harassment" title="Sexual harassment">Sexual harassment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sex-selective_abortion" title="Sex-selective abortion">Sex-selective abortion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slut-shaming" title="Slut-shaming">Slut-shaming</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Violence_against_transgender_people" title="Violence against transgender people">Trans bashing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Victimisation" title="Victimisation">Victimisation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Violence_against_women" title="Violence against women">Violence against women</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_flight" title="White flight">White flight</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_genocide_conspiracy_theory" title="White genocide conspiracy theory">White genocide conspiracy theory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wife_selling" title="Wife selling">Wife selling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Witch_hunt" title="Witch hunt">Witch hunt</a></li></ul></div></div> </div></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border-top:1px solid #aaa; border-bottom:1px solid #aaa;background:#ffdd99;padding-left:0.4em;text-align:left;font-size:110%;;color: var(--color-base)">Policies</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content plainlist"><div class="hlist"> <div class="excerpt-block"><div class="excerpt"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Age_of_candidacy" title="Age of candidacy">Age of candidacy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Limpieza_de_sangre" title="Limpieza de sangre">Blood purity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blood_quantum_laws" title="Blood quantum laws">Blood quantum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crime_of_apartheid" title="Crime of apartheid">Crime of apartheid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Disability" title="Disability">Disabilities</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Disabilities_(Catholics)" title="Disabilities (Catholics)">Catholic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_disabilities" class="mw-redirect" title="Jewish disabilities">Jewish</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gender_pay_gap" title="Gender pay gap">Gender pay gap</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gender_role" title="Gender role">Gender roles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gerontocracy" title="Gerontocracy">Gerontocracy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gerrymandering" title="Gerrymandering">Gerrymandering</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ghetto_benches" title="Ghetto benches">Ghetto benches</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Internment" title="Internment">Internment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_quota" title="Jewish quota">Jewish quota</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_for_Protection_of_the_Nation" title="Law for Protection of the Nation">Law for Protection of the Nation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blood_donation_restrictions_on_men_who_have_sex_with_men" title="Blood donation restrictions on men who have sex with men">MSM blood donation restrictions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/No_kid_zone" title="No kid zone">No kid zone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Numerus_clausus" title="Numerus clausus"><i>Numerus clausus</i> (as religious or racial quota)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/One-drop_rule" title="One-drop rule">One-drop rule</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Racial_quota" title="Racial quota">Racial quota</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Racial_segregation" title="Racial segregation">Racial segregation</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jim_Crow_laws" title="Jim Crow laws">Jim Crow laws</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nuremberg_Laws" title="Nuremberg Laws">Nuremberg Laws</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Racial_steering" title="Racial steering">Racial steering</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Redlining" title="Redlining">Redlining</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Same-sex_marriage" title="Same-sex marriage">Same-sex marriage (laws and issues prohibiting)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geographical_segregation" title="Geographical segregation">Segregation</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Age_segregation" title="Age segregation">age</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Racial_segregation" title="Racial segregation">racial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religious_segregation" title="Religious segregation">religious</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sex_segregation" title="Sex segregation">sexual</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_exclusion" title="Social exclusion">Social exclusion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sodomy_law" title="Sodomy law">Sodomy law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_atheism" title="State atheism">State atheism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_religion" title="State religion">State religion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ugly_law" title="Ugly law">Ugly law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Voter_suppression" title="Voter suppression">Voter suppression</a></li></ul></div></div> </div></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border-top:1px solid #aaa; border-bottom:1px solid #aaa;background:#ffdd99;padding-left:0.4em;text-align:left;font-size:110%;;color: var(--color-base)">Countermeasures</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content plainlist"><div class="hlist"> <div class="excerpt-block"><div class="excerpt"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Affirmative_action" title="Affirmative action">Affirmative action</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-discrimination_law" title="Anti-discrimination law">Anti-discrimination law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-racism" title="Anti-racism">Anti-racism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constitutional_colorblindness" title="Constitutional colorblindness">Constitutional colorblindness</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cultural_assimilation" title="Cultural assimilation">Cultural assimilation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cultural_pluralism" title="Cultural pluralism">Cultural pluralism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diversity,_equity,_and_inclusion" title="Diversity, equity, and inclusion">Diversity, equity, and inclusion</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Diversity_training" title="Diversity training">Diversity training</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Empowerment" title="Empowerment">Empowerment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fat_acceptance_movement" title="Fat acceptance movement">Fat acceptance movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feminism" title="Feminism">Feminism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fighting_Discrimination" title="Fighting Discrimination">Fighting Discrimination</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hate_speech_laws_by_country" title="Hate speech laws by country">Hate speech laws by country</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_rights" title="Human rights">Human rights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intersex_human_rights" title="Intersex human rights">Intersex human rights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LGBT_rights_by_country_or_territory" class="mw-redirect" title="LGBT rights by country or territory">LGBT rights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nonviolence" title="Nonviolence">Nonviolence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Racial_integration" title="Racial integration">Racial integration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reappropriation" title="Reappropriation">Reappropriation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Self-determination" title="Self-determination">Self-determination</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_integration" title="Social integration">Social integration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toleration" title="Toleration">Toleration</a></li></ul></div></div> </div></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border-top:1px solid #aaa; border-bottom:1px solid #aaa;background:#ffdd99;padding-left:0.4em;text-align:left;font-size:110%;;color: var(--color-base)">Related topics</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content plainlist"><div class="hlist"> <div class="excerpt-block"><div class="excerpt"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Allophilia" title="Allophilia">Allophilia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amatonormativity" title="Amatonormativity">Amatonormativity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bias" title="Bias">Bias</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cisnormativity" title="Cisnormativity">Cisnormativity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Civil_liberties" title="Civil liberties">Civil 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title="Intersectionality">Intersectionality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Masculism" title="Masculism">Masculism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Medical_model_of_disability" title="Medical model of disability">Medical model of disability</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Medical_model_of_autism" class="mw-redirect" title="Medical model of autism">autism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Net_bias" title="Net bias">Net bias</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oikophobia" title="Oikophobia">Oikophobia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oppression" title="Oppression">Oppression</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Police_brutality" title="Police brutality">Police brutality</a></li> <li>Political correctness</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polyculturalism" title="Polyculturalism">Polyculturalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Power_distance" title="Power distance">Power distance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prejudice" title="Prejudice">Prejudice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prisoner_abuse" title="Prisoner abuse">Prisoner abuse</a></li> 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title="Social identity threat">Social identity threat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_model_of_disability" title="Social model of disability">Social model of disability</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_privilege" title="Social privilege">Social privilege</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Christian_privilege" title="Christian privilege">Christian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Male_privilege" title="Male privilege">male</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_privilege" title="White privilege">white</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_stigma" title="Social stigma">Social stigma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Speciesism" title="Speciesism">Speciesism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stereotype" title="Stereotype">Stereotype</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Stereotype_threat" title="Stereotype threat">threat</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_talk_(racism_in_the_United_States)" title="The talk (racism in the United States)">The talk</a></li></ul></div></div> </div></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Discrimination_sidebar" title="Template:Discrimination sidebar"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Discrimination_sidebar" class="mw-redirect" title="Template talk:Discrimination sidebar"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Discrimination_sidebar" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Discrimination sidebar"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p> "<b>Political correctness</b>" (adjectivally "<b>politically correct</b>"; commonly abbreviated to <b>P.C.</b>) is a term used to describe language,<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> policies,<sup id="cite_ref-Kohl_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kohl-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> or measures that are intended to avoid offense or disadvantage to members of particular groups in society.<sup id="cite_ref-Gibson_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gibson-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Florence_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Florence-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Chow_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Chow-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Since the late 1980s, the term has been used to describe a preference for <a href="/wiki/Inclusive_language" title="Inclusive language">inclusive language</a> and avoidance of language or behavior that can be seen as <a href="/wiki/Social_exclusion" title="Social exclusion">excluding</a>, marginalizing, or insulting to groups of people disadvantaged or discriminated against, particularly groups defined by ethnicity, sex, gender, sexual orientation, or disability. In public discourse and the media,<sup id="cite_ref-Kohl_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kohl-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Schultz-1993a_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Schultz-1993a-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Friedman_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Friedman-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the term is generally used as a <a href="/wiki/Pejorative" title="Pejorative">pejorative</a> with an implication that these policies are excessive or unwarranted.<sup id="cite_ref-Charles-Wartella_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Charles-Wartella-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Hughes_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hughes-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The phrase <i>politically correct</i> first appeared in the 1930s, when it was used to describe dogmatic adherence to ideology in <a href="/wiki/Totalitarian_regimes" class="mw-redirect" title="Totalitarian regimes">totalitarian regimes</a>, such as <a href="/wiki/Nazi_Germany" title="Nazi Germany">Nazi Germany</a> and <a href="/wiki/Soviet_Russia" class="mw-redirect" title="Soviet Russia">Soviet Russia</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Gibson_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gibson-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Early usage of the term <i>politically correct</i> by <a href="/wiki/Leftists" class="mw-redirect" title="Leftists">leftists</a> in the 1970s and 1980s was as self-critical <a href="/wiki/Satire" title="Satire">satire</a>;<sup id="cite_ref-Schultz-1993a_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Schultz-1993a-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> usage was ironic, rather than a name for a serious <a href="/wiki/Political_movement" title="Political movement">political movement</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Perry-1992a_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Perry-1992a-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-SchultzPerry_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SchultzPerry-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-willis_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-willis-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It was considered an in-joke among leftists used to satirise those who were too rigid in their adherence to political <a href="/wiki/Orthodoxy" title="Orthodoxy">orthodoxy</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Hall_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hall-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The modern pejorative usage of the term emerged from <a href="/wiki/Conservative" class="mw-redirect" title="Conservative">conservative</a> criticism of the <a href="/wiki/New_Left" title="New Left">New Left</a> in the late 20th century, with many describing it as a form of <a href="/wiki/Censorship" title="Censorship">censorship</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Ford_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ford-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Commentators on the <a href="/wiki/Political_left_in_the_United_States" class="mw-redirect" title="Political left in the United States">political left in the United States</a> contend that conservatives use the concept of political correctness to downplay and divert attention from substantively discriminatory behavior against disadvantaged groups.<sup id="cite_ref-Wilson_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Wilson-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Messer–Davidow_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Messer–Davidow-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-mink_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mink-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They also argue that the <a href="/wiki/Political_right" class="mw-redirect" title="Political right">political right</a> enforces its own forms of political correctness to suppress criticism of its favored constituencies and ideologies.<sup id="cite_ref-WilsonConservativeCorrectness_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WilsonConservativeCorrectness-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-DonWilliams_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DonWilliams-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Krugman_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Krugman-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the United States, the term has played a major role in the <a href="/wiki/Culture_war" title="Culture war">culture war</a> between <a href="/wiki/Modern_liberalism_in_the_United_States" title="Modern liberalism in the United States">liberals</a> and <a href="/wiki/Conservatism_in_the_United_States" title="Conservatism in the United States">conservatives</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Political_correctness&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Early-to-mid_20th_century">Early-to-mid 20th century</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Political_correctness&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Early-to-mid 20th century"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Party_line_(politics)" title="Party line (politics)">Party line (politics)</a></div> <p>In the early-to-mid 20th century, the phrase <i>politically correct</i> was used to describe strict adherence to a range of ideological orthodoxies within politics. In 1934, <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i> reported that Nazi Germany was granting reporting permits "only to pure 'Aryans' whose opinions are politically correct".<sup id="cite_ref-Gibson_5-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gibson-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The term <i>political correctness</i> first appeared in Marxist–Leninist vocabulary following the Russian Revolution of 1917. At that time, it was used to describe strict adherence to the policies and principles of the <a href="/wiki/Communist_Party_of_the_Soviet_Union" title="Communist Party of the Soviet Union">Communist Party of the Soviet Union</a>, that is, the <a href="/wiki/Party_line_(politics)" title="Party line (politics)">party line</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-EBPC_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EBPC-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Later in the United States, the phrase came to be associated with accusations of <a href="/wiki/Dogmatism" class="mw-redirect" title="Dogmatism">dogmatism</a> in debates between communists and socialists. According to American educator <a href="/wiki/Herbert_Kohl_(educator)" class="mw-redirect" title="Herbert Kohl (educator)">Herbert Kohl</a>, writing about debates in New York in the late 1940s and early 1950s. </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>The term "politically correct" was used disparagingly, to refer to someone whose loyalty to the CP line overrode compassion, and led to bad politics. It was used by Socialists against Communists, and was meant to separate out Socialists who believed in egalitarian moral ideas from dogmatic Communists who would advocate and defend party positions regardless of their moral substance.</p><div class="templatequotecite">— <cite>"Uncommon Differences", <i><a href="/wiki/The_Lion_and_the_Unicorn_(journal)" title="The Lion and the Unicorn (journal)">The Lion and the Unicorn</a></i><sup id="cite_ref-Kohl_4-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kohl-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></cite></div></blockquote> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="1970s">1970s</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Political_correctness&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: 1970s"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/New_Left" title="New Left">New Left</a></div> <p>In the 1970s, the American <a href="/wiki/New_Left" title="New Left">New Left</a> began using the term <i>politically correct</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-Perry-1992a_12-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Perry-1992a-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the essay <i>The Black Woman: An Anthology</i> (1970), <a href="/wiki/Toni_Cade_Bambara" title="Toni Cade Bambara">Toni Cade Bambara</a> said that "a man cannot be politically correct and a <a href="/wiki/Chauvinism#Male_chauvinism" title="Chauvinism">[male] chauvinist</a>, too." <a href="/wiki/William_Safire" title="William Safire">William Safire</a> records this as the first use in the typical modern sense.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The term "political correctness" was believed to have been revived by the New Left through familiarity in the West with <a href="/wiki/Mao%27s_Little_Red_Book" class="mw-redirect" title="Mao's Little Red Book">Mao's Little Red Book</a>, in which <a href="/wiki/Mao_Zedong" title="Mao Zedong">Mao</a> stressed holding to the correct party line. The term rapidly began to be used by the New Left in an ironic or self-deprecating sense.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Thereafter, the term was often used as self-critical <a href="/wiki/Satire" title="Satire">satire</a>. Debra L. Shultz said that "throughout the 1970s and 1980s, the New Left, <a href="/wiki/Feminists" class="mw-redirect" title="Feminists">feminists</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Progressivism_in_the_United_States" title="Progressivism in the United States">progressives</a>... used their term 'politically correct' ironically, as a guard against their own orthodoxy in social change efforts."<sup id="cite_ref-Schultz-1993a_8-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Schultz-1993a-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Perry-1992a_12-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Perry-1992a-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-SchultzPerry_13-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SchultzPerry-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <i>PC</i> is used in the comic book <i>Merton of the Movement</i>, by <a href="/wiki/Bobby_London" title="Bobby London">Bobby London</a>, which was followed by the term <i>ideologically sound</i>, in the comic strips of <a href="/wiki/Bart_Dickon" title="Bart Dickon">Bart Dickon</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Perry-1992a_12-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Perry-1992a-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In her essay "Toward a feminist Revolution" (1992) <a href="/wiki/Ellen_Willis" title="Ellen Willis">Ellen Willis</a> said: "In the early eighties, when feminists used the term 'political correctness', it was used to refer sarcastically to the <a href="/wiki/Anti-pornography_movement" class="mw-redirect" title="Anti-pornography movement">anti-pornography movement</a>'s efforts to define a 'feminist sexuality'."<sup id="cite_ref-willis_14-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-willis-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Stuart_Hall_(cultural_theorist)" title="Stuart Hall (cultural theorist)">Stuart Hall</a> suggests one way in which the original use of the term may have developed into the modern one: </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>According to one version, political correctness actually began as an in-joke on the left: radical students on American campuses acting out an ironic replay of the Bad Old Days BS (Before the Sixties) when every revolutionary groupuscule had a party line about everything. They would address some glaring examples of sexist or racist behaviour by their fellow students in imitation of the tone of voice of the Red Guards or Cultural Revolution Commissar: "Not very 'politically correct', Comrade!"<sup id="cite_ref-Hall_15-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hall-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <p>The term probably entered use in the modern sense in the United Kingdom around 1975.<sup id="cite_ref-Hughes_11-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hughes-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="margin-left:0.1em; white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Please_clarify" title="Wikipedia:Please clarify"><span title="here or below, first modern UK use should be expanded (December 2015)">clarification needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="1980s_and_1990s">1980s and 1990s</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Political_correctness&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: 1980s and 1990s"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Allan_Bloom" title="Allan Bloom">Allan Bloom</a>'s <i><a href="/wiki/The_Closing_of_the_American_Mind" title="The Closing of the American Mind">The Closing of the American Mind</a></i>, a book first published in 1987,<sup id="cite_ref-Bloom_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bloom-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> heralded a debate about "political correctness" in American higher education in the 1980s and 1990s.<sup id="cite_ref-Schultz-1993a_8-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Schultz-1993a-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Robinson2000_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Robinson2000-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Kamiya_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kamiya-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Professor of English literary and cultural studies at <a href="/wiki/Carnegie_Mellon_University" title="Carnegie Mellon University">CMU</a> Jeffrey J. Williams wrote that the "assault on ... political correctness that simmered through the Reagan years, gained bestsellerdom with Bloom's <i>Closing of the American Mind</i>."<sup id="cite_ref-Williams_31-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Williams-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to Z.F. Gamson, Bloom's book "attacked the faculty for 'political correctness'".<sup id="cite_ref-Gamson_32-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gamson-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Prof. of Social Work at <a href="/wiki/California_State_University" title="California State University">CSU</a> Tony Platt says the "campaign against 'political correctness'" was launched by Bloom's book in 1987.<sup id="cite_ref-Platt_33-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Platt-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>An October 1990 <i><a href="/wiki/New_York_Times" class="mw-redirect" title="New York Times">New York Times</a></i> article by <a href="/wiki/Richard_Bernstein_(journalist)" title="Richard Bernstein (journalist)">Richard Bernstein</a> is credited with popularizing the term.<sup id="cite_ref-Berman1992_34-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Berman1992-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Smith1999_35-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Smith1999-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Schwartz_36-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Schwartz-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Crossroads_37-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Crossroads-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Browne_38-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Browne-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> At this time, the term was mainly being used within academia: "Across the country the term p.c., as it is commonly abbreviated, is being heard more and more in debates over what should be taught at the universities".<sup id="cite_ref-Bernstein_39-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bernstein-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/LexisNexis" title="LexisNexis">Nexis</a> citations in "arcnews/curnews" reveal only seventy total citations in articles to "political correctness" for 1990; but one year later, Nexis records 1,532 citations, with a steady increase to more than 7,000 citations by 1994.<sup id="cite_ref-Crossroads_37-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Crossroads-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Cho_40-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Cho-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In May 1991, <i>The New York Times</i> had a follow-up article, according to which the term was increasingly being used in a wider public arena: </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>What has come to be called "political correctness," a term that began to gain currency at the start of the academic year last fall, has spread in recent months and has become the focus of an angry national debate, mainly on campuses, but also in the larger arenas of American life.</p><div class="templatequotecite">— <cite>Robert D. McFadden, "Political Correctness: New Bias Test?", 1991<sup id="cite_ref-McFadden1991_41-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-McFadden1991-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></cite></div></blockquote> <p>The previously obscure far-left term became common currency in the lexicon of the conservative social and political challenges against <a href="/wiki/Progressive_education" title="Progressive education">progressive teaching methods</a> and curriculum changes in the secondary schools and universities of the U.S.<sup id="cite_ref-Charles-Wartella_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Charles-Wartella-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Policies, behavior, and speech codes that the speaker or the writer regarded as being the imposition of a liberal orthodoxy, were described and criticized as "politically correct".<sup id="cite_ref-Wilson_17-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Wilson-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In May 1991, at a commencement ceremony for a graduating class of the University of Michigan, then U.S. President <a href="/wiki/George_H._W._Bush" title="George H. W. Bush">George H. W. Bush</a> used the term in his speech: "The notion of political correctness has ignited controversy across the land. And although the movement arises from the laudable desire to sweep away the debris of racism and sexism and hatred, it replaces old prejudice with new ones. It declares certain topics off-limits, certain expression off-limits, even certain gestures off-limits."<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>After 1991, its use as a pejorative phrase became widespread amongst conservatives in the US.<sup id="cite_ref-Charles-Wartella_10-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Charles-Wartella-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It became a key term encapsulating conservative concerns about the left in cultural and political debates extending beyond academia. Two articles on the topic in late 1990 in <i><a href="/wiki/Forbes" title="Forbes">Forbes</a></i> and <i><a href="/wiki/Newsweek" title="Newsweek">Newsweek</a></i> both used the term "<a href="/wiki/Thought_police" class="mw-redirect" title="Thought police">thought police</a>" in their headlines, exemplifying the tone of the new usage, but it was Dinesh D'Souza's <i>Illiberal Education: The Politics of Race and Sex on Campus</i> (1991) which "captured the press's imagination".<sup id="cite_ref-Charles-Wartella_10-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Charles-Wartella-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Similar critical terminology was used by D'Souza for a range of policies in academia around victimization, supporting multiculturalism through affirmative action, sanctions against anti-minority <a href="/wiki/Hate_speech" title="Hate speech">hate speech</a>, and revising curricula (sometimes referred to as "canon busting").<sup id="cite_ref-Charles-Wartella_10-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Charles-Wartella-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability"><span title="Source does not mention D'S or canon busting (November 2015)">failed verification</span></a></i>]</sup> These trends were at least in part a response to multiculturalism and the rise of <a href="/wiki/Identity_politics" title="Identity politics">identity politics</a>, with movements such as feminism, gay rights movements and ethnic minority movements. That response received funding from conservative foundations and think tanks such as the <a href="/wiki/John_M._Olin_Foundation" title="John M. Olin Foundation">John M. Olin Foundation</a>, which funded several books such as D'Souza's.<sup id="cite_ref-Schultz-1993a_8-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Schultz-1993a-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Wilson_17-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Wilson-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Herbert_Kohl_(educator)" class="mw-redirect" title="Herbert Kohl (educator)">Herbert Kohl</a>, in 1992, commented that a number of <a href="/wiki/Neoconservatism" title="Neoconservatism">neoconservatives</a> who promoted the use of the term "politically correct" in the early 1990s were former <a href="/wiki/Communist_Party_USA" title="Communist Party USA">Communist Party</a> members, and, as a result, familiar with the <a href="/wiki/Marxist" class="mw-redirect" title="Marxist">Marxist</a> use of the phrase. He argued that in doing so, they intended "to insinuate that egalitarian democratic ideas are actually authoritarian, orthodox, and Communist-influenced, when they oppose the right of people to be racist, sexist, and homophobic".<sup id="cite_ref-Kohl_4-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kohl-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>During the 1990s, conservative and <a href="/wiki/Right-wing" class="mw-redirect" title="Right-wing">right-wing</a> politicians, think tanks, and speakers adopted the phrase as a pejorative descriptor of their ideological enemies, especially in the context of the <a href="/wiki/Culture_wars" class="mw-redirect" title="Culture wars">culture wars</a> about <a href="/wiki/American_English" title="American English">language</a> and the content of public-school curricula. <a href="/wiki/Roger_Kimball" title="Roger Kimball">Roger Kimball</a>, in <i>Tenured Radicals</i>, endorsed <a href="/wiki/Frederick_Crews" title="Frederick Crews">Frederick Crews</a>'s view that PC is best described as "Left Eclecticism", a term defined by Kimball as "any of a wide variety of anti-establishment modes of thought from structuralism and poststructuralism, deconstruction, and Lacanian analyst to feminist, homosexual, black, and other patently political forms of criticism".<sup id="cite_ref-Kimball_53-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kimball-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Williams_31-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Williams-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Liberal commentators have argued that the conservatives and reactionaries who used the term did so in an effort to divert political discussion away from the substantive matters of resolving societal discrimination,<sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> such as <a href="/wiki/Racism" title="Racism">racial</a>, <a href="/wiki/Social_class" title="Social class">social class</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gender" title="Gender">gender</a>, and legal inequality, against people whom conservatives do not consider part of the social mainstream.<sup id="cite_ref-Schultz-1993a_8-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Schultz-1993a-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Messer–Davidow_18-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Messer–Davidow-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Jan_Narveson" title="Jan Narveson">Jan Narveson</a> wrote that "that phrase was born to live between scare-quotes: it suggests that the operative considerations in the area so called are <i>merely</i> political, steamrolling the genuine reasons of principle for which we ought to be acting..."<sup id="cite_ref-Friedman_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Friedman-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Commenting in 2001, one such British journalist,<sup id="cite_ref-Tomlinson,_Race_And_Education:_Policy_And_Politics_In_Britain,_p._161._58-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Tomlinson,_Race_And_Education:_Policy_And_Politics_In_Britain,_p._161.-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Paying_Our_High_Public_Officials:_Evaluating_the_Political_Justifications_of_Top_Wages_in_the_Public_Sector,_p._119_59-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Paying_Our_High_Public_Officials:_Evaluating_the_Political_Justifications_of_Top_Wages_in_the_Public_Sector,_p._119-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Polly_Toynbee" title="Polly Toynbee">Polly Toynbee</a>, said "the phrase is an empty, right-wing smear, designed only to elevate its user",<sup id="cite_ref-60" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and in 2010 she wrote "the phrase 'political correctness' was born as a coded cover for all who still want to say <i><a href="/wiki/Paki_(slur)" title="Paki (slur)">Paki</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Spastic_(word)" title="Spastic (word)">spastic</a></i>, or <i><a href="/wiki/Queer" title="Queer">queer</a></i>".<sup id="cite_ref-61" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Another British journalist, <a href="/wiki/Will_Hutton" title="Will Hutton">Will Hutton</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-62" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-63" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-64" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-65" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> wrote in 2001:<sup id="cite_ref-66" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>Political correctness is one of the brilliant tools that the American Right developed in the mid–1980s, as part of its demolition of American liberalism.... What the sharpest thinkers on the American Right saw quickly was that by declaring war on the cultural manifestations of liberalism – by levelling the charge of "political correctness" against its exponents – they could discredit the whole political project.</p><div class="templatequotecite">— <cite><a href="/wiki/Will_Hutton" title="Will Hutton">Will Hutton</a>, "Words Really are Important, Mr Blunkett", 2001</cite></div></blockquote> <p><a href="/wiki/Glenn_Loury" title="Glenn Loury">Glenn Loury</a> wrote in 1994 that to address the subject of "political correctness" when power and authority within the academic community is being contested by parties on either side of that issue, is to invite scrutiny of one's arguments by would-be "friends" and "enemies". Combatants from the left and the right will try to assess whether a writer is "for them" or "against them".<sup id="cite_ref-Loury_67-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Loury-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Geoffrey Hughes suggested that debate over political correctness concerns whether changing language actually solves political and social problems, with critics viewing it less about solving problems than imposing censorship, intellectual intimidation and demonstrating the moral purity of those who practice it. Hughes also argues that political correctness tends to be pushed by a minority rather than an organic form of language change.<sup id="cite_ref-68" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Usage">Usage</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Political_correctness&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Usage"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The modern pejorative usage of the term emerged from <a href="/wiki/Conservatism" title="Conservatism">conservative</a> criticism of the <a href="/wiki/New_Left" title="New Left">New Left</a> in the late 20th century. This usage was popularized by a number of articles in <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i> and other media throughout the 1990s,<sup id="cite_ref-Berman1992_34-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Berman1992-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Smith1999_35-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Smith1999-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Schwartz_36-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Schwartz-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Bernstein_39-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bernstein-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-McFadden1991_41-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-McFadden1991-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Heteren1997_69-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Heteren1997-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and was widely used in the debate surrounding <a href="/wiki/Allan_Bloom" title="Allan Bloom">Allan Bloom</a>'s 1987 book <i><a href="/wiki/The_Closing_of_the_American_Mind" title="The Closing of the American Mind">The Closing of the American Mind</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-Schultz-1993a_8-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Schultz-1993a-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Bloom_28-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bloom-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Robinson2000_29-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Robinson2000-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The term gained further currency in response to <a href="/wiki/Roger_Kimball" title="Roger Kimball">Roger Kimball</a>'s <i>Tenured Radicals</i> (1990),<sup id="cite_ref-Schultz-1993a_8-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Schultz-1993a-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Wilson_17-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Wilson-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Kimball_53-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kimball-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and conservative author <a href="/wiki/Dinesh_D%27Souza" title="Dinesh D'Souza">Dinesh D'Souza</a>'s 1991 book <i>Illiberal Education</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-Schultz-1993a_8-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Schultz-1993a-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Charles-Wartella_10-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Charles-Wartella-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Wilson_17-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Wilson-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-DSouza1991_70-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DSouza1991-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Supporters of politically correct language have been pejoratively referred to as the "language police".<sup id="cite_ref-71" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Education">Education</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Political_correctness&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Education"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Modern debate on the term was sparked by conservative critiques of perceived <a href="/wiki/Liberal_bias_in_academia" class="mw-redirect" title="Liberal bias in academia">liberal bias in academia</a> and education,<sup id="cite_ref-Schultz-1993a_8-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Schultz-1993a-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and conservatives have since used it as a major line of attack.<sup id="cite_ref-Charles-Wartella_10-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Charles-Wartella-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Similarly, a common conservative criticism of higher education in the United States is that <a href="/wiki/Political_views_of_American_academics" title="Political views of American academics">the political views of teaching staff</a> are more liberal than those of the general population, and that this contributes to an atmosphere of political correctness.<sup id="cite_ref-72" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template noprint Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:No_original_research#Primary,_secondary_and_tertiary_sources" title="Wikipedia:No original research"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable secondary sources. (August 2019)">non-primary source needed</span></a></i>]</sup> <a href="/wiki/William_Deresiewicz" title="William Deresiewicz">William Deresiewicz</a> defines political correctness as an attempt to silence "unwelcome beliefs and ideas", arguing that it is largely the result of for-profit education, as campus faculty and staff are wary of angering students upon whose fees they depend.<sup id="cite_ref-73" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template noprint Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:No_original_research#Primary,_secondary_and_tertiary_sources" title="Wikipedia:No original research"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable secondary sources. (August 2019)">non-primary source needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>Preliminary research published in 2020 indicated that students at a large U.S. public university generally felt instructors were open-minded and encouraged free expression of diverse viewpoints; nonetheless, most students worried about the consequences of voicing their political opinions, with "[a]nxieties about expressing political views and self-censorship ... more prevalent among students who identify as conservative".<sup id="cite_ref-74" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-74"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-75" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-75"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>74<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="As_a_conspiracy_theory">As a conspiracy theory</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Political_correctness&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: As a conspiracy theory"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Cultural_Marxism_conspiracy_theory" title="Cultural Marxism conspiracy theory">Cultural Marxism conspiracy theory</a></div> <p>Some conservative commentators in the <a href="/wiki/Western_world" title="Western world">West</a> argue that "political correctness" and multiculturalism are part of a conspiracy with the ultimate goal of undermining <a href="/wiki/Judeo-Christian_ethics" title="Judeo-Christian ethics">Judeo-Christian values</a>. This theory, which holds that political correctness originates from the <a href="/wiki/Critical_theory" title="Critical theory">critical theory</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Frankfurt_School" title="Frankfurt School">Frankfurt School</a> as part of a conspiracy that its proponents call "Cultural Marxism".<sup id="cite_ref-76" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-76"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>75<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-77" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-77"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>76<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The theory originated with Michael Minnicino's 1992 essay "New Dark Age: Frankfurt School and 'Political Correctness'", published in a <a href="/wiki/Lyndon_LaRouche" title="Lyndon LaRouche">Lyndon LaRouche</a> movement journal.<sup id="cite_ref-78" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-78"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>77<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2001, conservative commentator <a href="/wiki/Patrick_Buchanan" class="mw-redirect" title="Patrick Buchanan">Patrick Buchanan</a> wrote in <i><a href="/wiki/The_Death_of_the_West" title="The Death of the West">The Death of the West</a></i> that "political correctness is cultural Marxism", and that "its trademark is intolerance".<sup id="cite_ref-79" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-79"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>78<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Media">Media</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Political_correctness&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Media"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Media_bias" title="Media bias">Media bias</a></div> <p>In the US, the term has been widely used in books and journals, but in Britain the usage has been confined mainly to the popular press.<sup id="cite_ref-Lea_80-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lea-80"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>79<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Many such authors and popular-media figures, particularly on the right, have used the term to criticize what they see as bias in the media.<sup id="cite_ref-Friedman_9-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Friedman-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Wilson_17-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Wilson-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> William McGowan argues that journalists get stories wrong or ignore stories worthy of coverage, because of what McGowan perceives to be their liberal ideologies and their fear of offending minority groups.<sup id="cite_ref-McGowan_81-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-McGowan-81"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>80<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Robert Novak, in his essay "Political Correctness Has No Place in the Newsroom", used the term to blame newspapers for adopting language use policies that he thinks tend to excessively avoid the appearance of bias. He argued that political correctness in language not only destroys meaning but also demeans the people who are meant to be protected.<sup id="cite_ref-82" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-82"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>81<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-83" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-83"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>82<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-84" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-84"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>83<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Authors David Sloan and Emily Hoff claim that in the US, journalists shrug off concerns about political correctness in the newsroom, equating the political correctness criticisms with the old "liberal media bias" label.<sup id="cite_ref-85" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-85"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>84<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to author John Wilson, left-wing forces of "political correctness" have been blamed for unrelated censorship, with <i><a href="/wiki/Time_(magazine)" title="Time (magazine)">Time</a></i> citing campaigns against violence on network television in the US as contributing to a "mainstream culture [that] has become cautious, sanitized, scared of its own shadow" because of "the watchful eye of the p.c. police", protests and advertiser boycotts targeting TV shows are generally organized by right-wing religious groups campaigning against violence, sex, and depictions of homosexuality on television.<sup id="cite_ref-86" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-86"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>85<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Inclusive_language">Inclusive language</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Political_correctness&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Inclusive language"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Inclusive_language" title="Inclusive language">Inclusive language</a></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Inclusive_language" title="Inclusive language">Inclusive or Equity Language</a> is a <a href="/wiki/Style_(sociolinguistics)" title="Style (sociolinguistics)">language style</a> that avoids expressions that its proponents perceive as expressing or implying ideas that are <a href="/wiki/Sexism" title="Sexism">sexist</a>, <a href="/wiki/Racism" title="Racism">racist</a>, or otherwise <a href="/wiki/Bias" title="Bias">biased</a>, <a href="/wiki/Prejudice" title="Prejudice">prejudiced</a>, or insulting to any particular group of people; and instead uses language intended to avoid offense and fulfill the ideals of <a href="/wiki/Egalitarianism" title="Egalitarianism">egalitarianism</a>. This language style is sometimes referred to as a kind of "political correctness", either as a neutral description or with negative connotations by its opponents.<sup id="cite_ref-Think!_87-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Think!-87"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>86<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> At least some supporters deny an association between the two. ("Political correctness is focused on not offending whereas inclusive language is focused on honoring people's identities.")<sup id="cite_ref-UD-ILS_88-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-UD-ILS-88"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>87<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Satirical_use">Satirical use</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Political_correctness&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Satirical use"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Political correctness is often <a href="/wiki/Satirized" class="mw-redirect" title="Satirized">satirized</a>, for example in <i>The PC Manifesto</i> (1992) by Saul Jerushalmy and Rens Zbignieuw X,<sup id="cite_ref-89" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-89"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>88<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <i><a href="/wiki/Politically_Correct_Bedtime_Stories" title="Politically Correct Bedtime Stories">Politically Correct Bedtime Stories</a></i> (1994) by <a href="/wiki/James_Finn_Garner" title="James Finn Garner">James Finn Garner</a>, which presents <a href="/wiki/Fairy_tale" title="Fairy tale">fairy tales</a> re-written from an exaggerated politically correct perspective. In 1994, the comedy film <i><a href="/wiki/PCU_(film)" title="PCU (film)">PCU</a></i> took a look at political correctness on a college campus. Other examples include the television program <i><a href="/wiki/Politically_Incorrect" title="Politically Incorrect">Politically Incorrect</a></i>, <a href="/wiki/George_Carlin" title="George Carlin">George Carlin</a>'s "<a href="/wiki/Euphemism" title="Euphemism">Euphemisms</a>" routine,<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (November 2019)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> and <i>The Politically Correct Scrapbook</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-90" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-90"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>89<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The popularity of the <i><a href="/wiki/South_Park" title="South Park">South Park</a></i> cartoon program led to the creation of the term "<a href="/wiki/South_Park_Republican" title="South Park Republican"><i>South Park</i> Republican</a>" by <a href="/wiki/Andrew_Sullivan" title="Andrew Sullivan">Andrew Sullivan</a>,<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (July 2023)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> and later the book <i><a href="/wiki/South_Park_Conservatives" title="South Park Conservatives">South Park Conservatives</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/Brian_C._Anderson" title="Brian C. Anderson">Brian C. Anderson</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-91" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-91"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>90<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In its <a href="/wiki/South_Park_(season_19)" class="mw-redirect" title="South Park (season 19)">Season 19</a> (2015), <i>South Park</i> introduced the character <a href="/wiki/PC_Principal" class="mw-redirect" title="PC Principal">PC Principal</a>, who embodies the principle, to poke fun at the principle of political correctness.<sup id="cite_ref-92" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-92"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>91<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-93" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-93"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>92<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><i><a href="/wiki/The_Colbert_Report" title="The Colbert Report">The Colbert Report</a>'</i>s host <a href="/wiki/Stephen_Colbert_(character)" title="Stephen Colbert (character)">Stephen Colbert</a> often talked, satirically, about the "PC Police".<sup id="cite_ref-94" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-94"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>93<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-95" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-95"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>94<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Science">Science</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Political_correctness&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Science"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Politicization_of_science" title="Politicization of science">Politicization of science</a></div> <p>Groups who oppose certain generally accepted scientific views about <a href="/wiki/Evolution" title="Evolution">evolution</a>, <a href="/wiki/Second-hand_smoke" class="mw-redirect" title="Second-hand smoke">second-hand tobacco smoke</a>, <a href="/wiki/AIDS_denialism" class="mw-redirect" title="AIDS denialism">AIDS</a>, <a href="/wiki/Global_warming" class="mw-redirect" title="Global warming">global warming</a>, <a href="/wiki/Race_(human_categorization)" title="Race (human categorization)">race</a> and other politically contentious scientific matters have used the term "political correctness" to describe what they view as unwarranted rejection of their perspective on these issues by a scientific community that they believe has been corrupted by liberal politics.<sup id="cite_ref-Bethell_96-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bethell-96"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>95<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Right-wing_political_correctness">Right-wing political correctness</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Political_correctness&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Right-wing political correctness"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>"Political correctness" is a label typically used to describe liberal or left-wing terms and actions but rarely used for analogous attempts to mold language and behavior on the right.<sup id="cite_ref-Adams_97-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Adams-97"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>96<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2012, economist <a href="/wiki/Paul_Krugman" title="Paul Krugman">Paul Krugman</a> wrote that "the big threat to our discourse is right-wing political correctness, which – unlike the liberal version – has lots of power and money behind it. And the goal is very much the kind of thing <a href="/wiki/Orwell" class="mw-redirect" title="Orwell">Orwell</a> tried to convey with his notion of <a href="/wiki/Newspeak" title="Newspeak">Newspeak</a>: to make it impossible to talk, and possibly even think, about ideas that challenge the established order."<sup id="cite_ref-Krugman_22-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Krugman-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-98" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-98"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>97<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Alex_Nowrasteh" title="Alex Nowrasteh">Alex Nowrasteh</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Cato_Institute" title="Cato Institute">Cato Institute</a> referred to the right's own version of political correctness as "patriotic correctness".<sup id="cite_ref-nowrasteh_99-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nowrasteh-99"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>98<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Political_correctness&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239009302">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output 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data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 20em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Agenda-setting_theory" title="Agenda-setting theory">Agenda-setting theory</a> – Ability of the mass media to influence the public agenda of a society</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-bias_curriculum" title="Anti-bias curriculum">Anti-bias curriculum</a> – Educational plan meant to reduce perceived racism and sexism in education</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Binnen-I" title="Binnen-I"><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">Binnen-I</i></span></a> – Style for gender-neutral written German</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Campaign_Against_Political_Correctness" title="Campaign Against Political Correctness">Campaign Against Political Correctness</a> – Defunct minor British lobby group</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cancel_culture" title="Cancel culture">Cancel culture</a> – Modern form of ostracism</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christmas_controversies" title="Christmas controversies">Christmas controversies</a> – Christmas ideological, political and religious disputes</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Common_sense" title="Common sense">Common sense</a> – Sound practical judgement in everyday matters</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conventional_wisdom" title="Conventional wisdom">Conventional wisdom</a> – Ideas generally accepted by experts or the public</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cultural_Bolshevism" title="Cultural Bolshevism">Cultural Bolshevism</a> – Nazi slogan opposing modernist and progressive cultural movements</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cultural_Marxism" class="mw-redirect" title="Cultural Marxism">Cultural Marxism</a> – Far-right antisemitic conspiracy theory</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Distancing_language" title="Distancing language">Distancing language</a> – Phrasing technique which disassociates speaker from subject</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Framing_(social_sciences)" title="Framing (social sciences)">Framing (social sciences)</a> – Effect of how information is presented on perception</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Groupthink" title="Groupthink">Groupthink</a> – Psychological phenomenon that occurs within a group of people</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gutmensch" title="Gutmensch"><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">Gutmensch</i></span></a> – Pejorative German term for a sanctimonious do-gooder</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kotobagari" title="Kotobagari"><span title="Japanese-language text"><i lang="ja">Kotobagari</i></span></a> – Japanese term for euphemistic speech</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Linguistic_relativity" title="Linguistic relativity">Linguistic relativity</a> – Hypothesis of language influencing thought</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Logocracy" title="Logocracy">Logocracy</a> – Form of government by use of words</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microaggression" title="Microaggression">Microaggression</a> – Term for commonplace slights</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Newspeak" title="Newspeak">Newspeak</a> – Fictional language in the novel "Nineteen Eighty-Four"</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pens%C3%A9e_unique" title="Pensée unique"><span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr">Pensée unique</i></span></a> – Pejorative term for ideological conformism</li> <li><a href="/wiki/People-first_language" title="People-first language">People-first language</a> – Putting the person before the diagnosis</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Politics_and_the_English_Language" title="Politics and the English Language">Politics and the English Language</a></i> –  1946 essay by <a href="/wiki/George_Orwell" title="George Orwell">George Orwell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Red-baiting" title="Red-baiting">Red-baiting</a> – Discrediting opponent's argument by accusing them of being a radical leftist</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reverse_discrimination" title="Reverse discrimination">Reverse discrimination</a> – Discrimination against members of a dominant or majority group</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Self-censorship" title="Self-censorship">Self-censorship</a> – Act of censoring or classifying one's own discourse</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Snowflake_(slang)" title="Snowflake (slang)">Snowflake (slang)</a> – Pejoratively, an easily offended person</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_justice_warrior" title="Social justice warrior">Social justice warrior</a> – Pejorative term for a progressive person</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Speech_code" title="Speech code">Speech code</a> – Non-statutory restriction on word choice</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sprachregelung" title="Sprachregelung"><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">Sprachregelung</i></span></a> – German term for prescribed form of official communication</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toe_the_line" title="Toe the line">Toe the line</a> - meaning either to conform to a rule or standard, or to stand in formation along a line</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trigger_warnings" class="mw-redirect" title="Trigger warnings">Trigger warnings</a> – Warnings that a work may cause distress</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Truthiness" title="Truthiness">Truthiness</a> – Quality of preferring concepts or facts one wishes to be true, rather than actual truth</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Woke" title="Woke">Woke</a> – Political slang term</li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Political_correctness&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-52">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">In <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i> newspaper article "The Rising Hegemony of the Politically Correct", the reporter <a href="/wiki/Richard_Bernstein_(journalist)" title="Richard Bernstein (journalist)">Richard Bernstein</a> said: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>The term "politically correct", with its suggestion of Stalinist orthodoxy, is spoken more with irony and disapproval than with reverence. But, across the country the term "P.C.", as it is commonly abbreviated, is being heard more and more in debates over what should be taught at the universities.</p><div class="templatequotecite">— <cite>The Rising Hegemony of the Politically Correct, <i>The New York Times</i>, 28 October 1990<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></cite></div></blockquote> Bernstein also reported about a meeting of the Western Humanities Conference in Berkeley, California, on the subject of "Political Correctness and Cultural Studies that examined "what effect the pressure to conform to currently fashionable ideas is having on scholarship".<sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Political_correctness&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://dictionary.cambridge.org/dictionary/english/politically-correct">"<span class="cs1-kern-left"></span>'politically correct' definition"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Cambridge_English_Dictionary" class="mw-redirect" title="Cambridge English Dictionary">Cambridge English Dictionary</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210406011704/https://dictionary.cambridge.org/dictionary/english/politically-correct">Archived</a> from the original on 6 April 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 March</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Cambridge+English+Dictionary&rft.atitle=%27politically+correct%27+definition&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdictionary.cambridge.org%2Fdictionary%2Fenglish%2Fpolitically-correct&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APolitical+correctness" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190413091703/https://en.oxforddictionaries.com/definition/political_correctness">"Definition of <i>political correctness</i> in English"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Oxford_Dictionaries_(website)" class="mw-redirect" title="Oxford Dictionaries (website)">Oxford Dictionaries</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://en.oxforddictionaries.com/definition/political_correctness">the original</a> on 13 April 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 January</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Definition+of+political+correctness+in+English&rft.pub=Oxford+Dictionaries&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fen.oxforddictionaries.com%2Fdefinition%2Fpolitical_correctness&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APolitical+correctness" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/politically%20correct">"<span class="cs1-kern-left"></span>'Politically Correct' definition"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Merriam-Webster" title="Merriam-Webster">Merriam-Webster</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211020073401/https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/politically%20correct">Archived</a> from the original on 20 October 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 October</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=%27Politically+Correct%27+definition&rft.btitle=Merriam-Webster&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.merriam-webster.com%2Fdictionary%2Fpolitically%2520correct&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APolitical+correctness" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Kohl-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Kohl_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Kohl_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Kohl_4-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Kohl_4-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKohl1992" class="citation journal cs1">Kohl, Herbert (1992). "Uncommon Differences: On Political Correctness, Core Curriculum and Democracy in Education". <i><a href="/wiki/The_Lion_and_the_Unicorn_(journal)" title="The Lion and the Unicorn (journal)">The Lion and the Unicorn</a></i>. <b>16</b> (1): 1–16. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1353%2Funi.0.0216">10.1353/uni.0.0216</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:145173687">145173687</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Lion+and+the+Unicorn&rft.atitle=Uncommon+Differences%3A+On+Political+Correctness%2C+Core+Curriculum+and+Democracy+in+Education&rft.volume=16&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=1-16&rft.date=1992&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1353%2Funi.0.0216&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A145173687%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.aulast=Kohl&rft.aufirst=Herbert&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APolitical+correctness" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Gibson-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Gibson_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Gibson_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Gibson_5-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGibson2016" class="citation news cs1">Gibson, Caitlin (13 January 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/lifestyle/style/how-politically-correct-went-from-compliment-to-insult/2016/01/13/b1cf5918-b61a-11e5-a76a-0b5145e8679a_story.html">"How 'politically correct' went from compliment to insult"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Washington_Post" title="The Washington Post">The Washington Post</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210626145017/https://www.washingtonpost.com/lifestyle/style/how-politically-correct-went-from-compliment-to-insult/2016/01/13/b1cf5918-b61a-11e5-a76a-0b5145e8679a_story.html">Archived</a> from the original on 26 June 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 October</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=How+%27politically+correct%27+went+from+compliment+to+insult&rft.date=2016-01-13&rft.aulast=Gibson&rft.aufirst=Caitlin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Flifestyle%2Fstyle%2Fhow-politically-correct-went-from-compliment-to-insult%2F2016%2F01%2F13%2Fb1cf5918-b61a-11e5-a76a-0b5145e8679a_story.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APolitical+correctness" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Florence-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Florence_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFlorence2015" class="citation journal cs1">Florence, Joshua (30 October 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://harvardpolitics.com/united-states/phrase-flux-history-political-correctness/">"A Phrase in Flux: The History of Political Correctness"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Harvard_Political_Review" title="Harvard Political Review">Harvard Political Review</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200822071043/https://harvardpolitics.com/united-states/phrase-flux-history-political-correctness/">Archived</a> from the original on 22 August 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 October</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Harvard+Political+Review&rft.atitle=A+Phrase+in+Flux%3A+The+History+of+Political+Correctness&rft.date=2015-10-30&rft.aulast=Florence&rft.aufirst=Joshua&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fharvardpolitics.com%2Funited-states%2Fphrase-flux-history-political-correctness%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APolitical+correctness" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Chow-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Chow_7-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChow2016" class="citation news cs1">Chow, Kat (14 December 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.npr.org/sections/codeswitch/2016/12/14/505324427/politically-correct-the-phrase-has-gone-from-wisdom-to-weapon">"<span class="cs1-kern-left"></span>'Politically Correct': The Phrase Has Gone From Wisdom To Weapon"</a>. <a href="/wiki/National_Public_Radio" class="mw-redirect" title="National Public Radio">National Public Radio</a> (<a href="/wiki/NPR" title="NPR">NPR</a>). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211011171717/https://www.npr.org/sections/codeswitch/2016/12/14/505324427/politically-correct-the-phrase-has-gone-from-wisdom-to-weapon">Archived</a> from the original on 11 October 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 October</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=%27Politically+Correct%27%3A+The+Phrase+Has+Gone+From+Wisdom+To+Weapon&rft.date=2016-12-14&rft.aulast=Chow&rft.aufirst=Kat&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.npr.org%2Fsections%2Fcodeswitch%2F2016%2F12%2F14%2F505324427%2Fpolitically-correct-the-phrase-has-gone-from-wisdom-to-weapon&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APolitical+correctness" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Schultz-1993a-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Schultz-1993a_8-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Schultz-1993a_8-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Schultz-1993a_8-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Schultz-1993a_8-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Schultz-1993a_8-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Schultz-1993a_8-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Schultz-1993a_8-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Schultz-1993a_8-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Schultz-1993a_8-8"><sup><i><b>i</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Schultz-1993a_8-9"><sup><i><b>j</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSchultz1993" class="citation book cs1">Schultz, Debra L. (1993). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/ED364170.pdf"><i>To Reclaim a Legacy of Diversity: Analyzing the 'Political Correctness' Debates in Higher Education</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. New York. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1880547137" title="Special:BookSources/978-1880547137"><bdi>978-1880547137</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210310085256/http://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/ED364170.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 10 March 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 March</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=To+Reclaim+a+Legacy+of+Diversity%3A+Analyzing+the+%27Political+Correctness%27+Debates+in+Higher+Education&rft.place=New+York&rft.date=1993&rft.isbn=978-1880547137&rft.aulast=Schultz&rft.aufirst=Debra+L.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ffiles.eric.ed.gov%2Ffulltext%2FED364170.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APolitical+correctness" class="Z3988"></span> <span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_book" title="Template:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: </span><span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">|work=</code> ignored (<a href="/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#periodical_ignored" title="Help:CS1 errors">help</a>)</span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment">CS1 maint: location missing publisher (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_location_missing_publisher" title="Category:CS1 maint: location missing publisher">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Friedman-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Friedman_9-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Friedman_9-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Friedman_9-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFriedmanNarveson1995" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Marilyn_Friedman" title="Marilyn Friedman">Friedman, Marilyn</a>; <a href="/wiki/Jan_Narveson" title="Jan Narveson">Narveson, Jan</a> (1995). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=lnU9pMbHk0sC"><i>Political correctness: for and against</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/Lanham,_Maryland" title="Lanham, Maryland">Lanham</a>: <a href="/wiki/Rowman_%26_Littlefield" title="Rowman & Littlefield">Rowman & Littlefield</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0847679867" title="Special:BookSources/978-0847679867"><bdi>978-0847679867</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210412192444/https://books.google.com/books?id=lnU9pMbHk0sC">Archived</a> from the original on 12 April 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">31 October</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Political+correctness%3A+for+and+against&rft.place=Lanham&rft.pub=Rowman+%26+Littlefield&rft.date=1995&rft.isbn=978-0847679867&rft.aulast=Friedman&rft.aufirst=Marilyn&rft.au=Narveson%2C+Jan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DlnU9pMbHk0sC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APolitical+correctness" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Charles-Wartella-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Charles-Wartella_10-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Charles-Wartella_10-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Charles-Wartella_10-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Charles-Wartella_10-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Charles-Wartella_10-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Charles-Wartella_10-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Charles-Wartella_10-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWhitneyWartella1992" class="citation journal cs1">Whitney, D. Charles & Wartella, Ellen (1992). "Media Coverage of the "Political Correctness" Debate". <i><a href="/wiki/Journal_of_Communication" title="Journal of Communication">Journal of Communication</a></i>. <b>42</b> (2): 83. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1111%2Fj.1460-2466.1992.tb00780.x">10.1111/j.1460-2466.1992.tb00780.x</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Communication&rft.atitle=Media+Coverage+of+the+%22Political+Correctness%22+Debate&rft.volume=42&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=83&rft.date=1992&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1111%2Fj.1460-2466.1992.tb00780.x&rft.aulast=Whitney&rft.aufirst=D.+Charles&rft.au=Wartella%2C+Ellen&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APolitical+correctness" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Hughes-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Hughes_11-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Hughes_11-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHughes2011" class="citation book cs1">Hughes, Geoffrey (2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=TDi-l-bsBZoC">"Origins of the Phrase"</a>. <i>Political Correctness: A History of Semantics and Culture</i>. <a href="/wiki/John_Wiley_%26_Sons" class="mw-redirect" title="John Wiley & Sons">John Wiley & Sons</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Zzw9WabmmVwC&dq=%221975+-+Peter+Fuller%22&pg=PT50">1975 – Peter Fuller</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1444360295" title="Special:BookSources/978-1444360295"><bdi>978-1444360295</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210412192446/https://books.google.com/books?id=TDi-l-bsBZoC">Archived</a> from the original on 12 April 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 November</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Origins+of+the+Phrase&rft.btitle=Political+Correctness%3A+A+History+of+Semantics+and+Culture&rft.pages=1975+-+Peter+Fuller&rft.pub=John+Wiley+%26+Sons&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=978-1444360295&rft.aulast=Hughes&rft.aufirst=Geoffrey&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DTDi-l-bsBZoC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APolitical+correctness" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Perry-1992a-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Perry-1992a_12-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Perry-1992a_12-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Perry-1992a_12-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Perry-1992a_12-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Ruth Perry, (1992), "A Short History of the Term 'Politically Correct'", in <i>Beyond PC: Toward a Politics of Understanding</i>, by Patricia Aufderheide, 1992, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1555971649" title="Special:BookSources/978-1555971649">978-1555971649</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-SchultzPerry-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-SchultzPerry_13-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-SchultzPerry_13-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Schultz citing Perry (1992) p. 16</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-willis-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-willis_14-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-willis_14-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Ellen_Willis" title="Ellen Willis">Willis, Ellen</a>. "Toward a Feminist Revolution", in <i>No More Nice Girls: Countercultural Essays</i> (1992) <a href="/wiki/Wesleyan_University_Press" title="Wesleyan University Press">Wesleyan University Press</a>, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/081955250X" title="Special:BookSources/081955250X">081955250X</a>, p. 19.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Hall-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Hall_15-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Hall_15-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHall1994" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/Stuart_Hall_(cultural_theorist)" title="Stuart Hall (cultural theorist)">Hall, Stuart</a> (1994). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ram-wan.net/restrepo/hall/some%20politically%20incorrect%20pathways.pdf">"Some 'Politically Incorrect' Pathways Through PC"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>S. Dunant (ed.) The War of the Words: The Political Correctness Debate</i>. pp. 164–84. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210719135226/https://www.ram-wan.net/restrepo/hall/some%20politically%20incorrect%20pathways.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 19 July 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 May</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=S.+Dunant+%28ed.%29+The+War+of+the+Words%3A+The+Political+Correctness+Debate&rft.atitle=Some+%27Politically+Incorrect%27+Pathways+Through+PC&rft.pages=164-84&rft.date=1994&rft.aulast=Hall&rft.aufirst=Stuart&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ram-wan.net%2Frestrepo%2Fhall%2Fsome%2520politically%2520incorrect%2520pathways.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APolitical+correctness" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Ford-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Ford_16-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFord2017" class="citation thesis cs1">Ford, Becky R. (2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://escholarship.org/uc/item/12f562b0#author"><i>An Empirical Test of the Effects of Political Correctness: Implications for Censorship, Self-Censorship, and Public Deliberation</i></a> (Thesis). University of California, Santa Barbara. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220611071318/https://escholarship.org/uc/item/12f562b0#author">Archived</a> from the original on 11 June 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 June</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Adissertation&rft.title=An+Empirical+Test+of+the+Effects+of+Political+Correctness%3A+Implications+for+Censorship%2C+Self-Censorship%2C+and+Public+Deliberation&rft.date=2017&rft.aulast=Ford&rft.aufirst=Becky+R.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fescholarship.org%2Fuc%2Fitem%2F12f562b0%23author&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APolitical+correctness" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Wilson-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Wilson_17-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Wilson_17-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Wilson_17-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Wilson_17-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Wilson_17-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Wilson_17-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Wilson, John. 1995. <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/isbn_9780822317135">The Myth of Political Correctness: The Conservative Attack on High Education</a>.</i> Durham, North Carolina: <a href="/wiki/Duke_University_Press" title="Duke University Press">Duke University Press</a>. p. 26.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Messer–Davidow-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Messer–Davidow_18-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Messer–Davidow_18-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMesser-Davidow1995" class="citation journal cs1">Messer-Davidow, Ellen (1995). "Manufacturing the Attack on Liberalized Higher Education: The Humanities and Society in the 1990s".</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Manufacturing+the+Attack+on+Liberalized+Higher+Education%3A+The+Humanities+and+Society+in+the+1990s&rft.date=1995&rft.aulast=Messer-Davidow&rft.aufirst=Ellen&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APolitical+correctness" class="Z3988"></span> <span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_journal" title="Template:Cite journal">cite journal</a>}}</code>: </span><span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment">Cite journal requires <code class="cs1-code">|journal=</code> (<a href="/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#missing_periodical" title="Help:CS1 errors">help</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-mink-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-mink_19-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMink2016" class="citation news cs1">Mink, Eric (6 October 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.huffingtonpost.com/eric-mink/trumps-political-correctn_b_12316240.html">"Trump's Political-Correctness Con Job"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Huffington_Post" class="mw-redirect" title="Huffington Post">Huffington Post</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171019083630/https://www.huffingtonpost.com/eric-mink/trumps-political-correctn_b_12316240.html">Archived</a> from the original on 19 October 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 November</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Huffington+Post&rft.atitle=Trump%27s+Political-Correctness+Con+Job&rft.date=2016-10-06&rft.aulast=Mink&rft.aufirst=Eric&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.huffingtonpost.com%2Feric-mink%2Ftrumps-political-correctn_b_12316240.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APolitical+correctness" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-WilsonConservativeCorrectness-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-WilsonConservativeCorrectness_20-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"Conservative Correctness" chapter, in Wilson, John. 1995. <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/isbn_9780822317135">The Myth of Political Correctness: The Conservative Attack on Higher Education</a>.</i> Durham, North Carolina: <a href="/wiki/Duke_University_Press" title="Duke University Press">Duke University Press</a>. p. 57.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-DonWilliams-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-DonWilliams_21-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150402132346/http://www.mach2.com/williams/index.php?t=1&c=20060602120901">"Don Williams comments – Dixie Chicks Were Right"</a>. <i>mach2.com</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mach2.com/williams/index.php?t=1&c=20060602120901">the original</a> on 2 April 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 May</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=mach2.com&rft.atitle=Don+Williams+comments+%E2%80%93+Dixie+Chicks+Were+Right&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.mach2.com%2Fwilliams%2Findex.php%3Ft%3D1%26c%3D20060602120901&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APolitical+correctness" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Krugman-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Krugman_22-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Krugman_22-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKrugman2012" class="citation news cs1"><a href="/wiki/Paul_Krugman" title="Paul Krugman">Krugman, Paul</a> (26 May 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://krugman.blogs.nytimes.com/2012/05/26/the-new-political-correctness/">"The New Political Correctness"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20130327082408/https://krugman.blogs.nytimes.com/2012/05/26/the-new-political-correctness/">Archived</a> from the original on 27 March 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 February</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=The+New+Political+Correctness&rft.date=2012-05-26&rft.aulast=Krugman&rft.aufirst=Paul&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fkrugman.blogs.nytimes.com%2F2012%2F05%2F26%2Fthe-new-political-correctness%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APolitical+correctness" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKaufman2016" class="citation web cs1">Kaufman, Scott Barry (20 November 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190927222216/https://blogs.scientificamerican.com/beautiful-minds/the-personality-of-political-correctness/">"The Personality of Political Correctness; The idea of political correctness is central to the culture wars of American politics"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Scientific_American" title="Scientific American">Scientific American</a></i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://blogs.scientificamerican.com/beautiful-minds/the-personality-of-political-correctness/">the original</a> on 27 September 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 December</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Scientific+American&rft.atitle=The+Personality+of+Political+Correctness%3B+The+idea+of+political+correctness+is+central+to+the+culture+wars+of+American+politics&rft.date=2016-11-20&rft.aulast=Kaufman&rft.aufirst=Scott+Barry&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fblogs.scientificamerican.com%2Fbeautiful-minds%2Fthe-personality-of-political-correctness%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APolitical+correctness" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-EBPC-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-EBPC_24-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/topic/political-correctness">"political correctness"</a>. Encyclopædia Britannica. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220407080901/https://www.britannica.com/topic/political-correctness">Archived</a> from the original on 7 April 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 April</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=political+correctness&rft.pub=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.britannica.com%2Ftopic%2Fpolitical-correctness&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APolitical+correctness" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSafire2008" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/William_Safire" title="William Safire">Safire, William</a> (2008). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/safirespolitical00safi"><i>Safire's political dictionary</i></a></span> (Rev. ed.). New York [u.a.]: <a href="/wiki/Oxford_University_Press" title="Oxford University Press">Oxford University Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0195343342" title="Special:BookSources/978-0195343342"><bdi>978-0195343342</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Safire%27s+political+dictionary&rft.place=New+York+%5Bu.a.%5D&rft.edition=Rev.&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-0195343342&rft.aulast=Safire&rft.aufirst=William&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fsafirespolitical00safi&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APolitical+correctness" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHughes2011" class="citation book cs1">Hughes, Geoffrey (2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Zzw9WabmmVwC&dq=political+correctness+communist+party&pg=PT49"><i>Political Correctness A History of Semantics and Culture</i></a>. Wiley. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781444360295" title="Special:BookSources/9781444360295"><bdi>9781444360295</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Political+Correctness+A+History+of+Semantics+and+Culture&rft.pub=Wiley&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=9781444360295&rft.aulast=Hughes&rft.aufirst=Geoffrey&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DZzw9WabmmVwC%26dq%3Dpolitical%2Bcorrectness%2Bcommunist%2Bparty%26pg%3DPT49&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APolitical+correctness" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBleifuss2007" class="citation journal cs1">Bleifuss, Joel (February 2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200629085359/http://inthesetimes.com/article/3027/a_politically_correct_lexicon/">"A Politically Correct Lexicon"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/In_These_Times_(publication)" class="mw-redirect" title="In These Times (publication)">In These Times</a></i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.inthesetimes.com/article/3027/a_politically_correct_lexicon/">the original</a> on 29 June 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 March</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=In+These+Times&rft.atitle=A+Politically+Correct+Lexicon&rft.date=2007-02&rft.aulast=Bleifuss&rft.aufirst=Joel&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.inthesetimes.com%2Farticle%2F3027%2Fa_politically_correct_lexicon%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APolitical+correctness" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Bloom-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Bloom_28-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Bloom_28-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBellow1988" class="citation book cs1">Bellow, Allan Bloom; foreword by Saul (1988). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=AMuZvBwfRYMC"><i>The closing of the American mind</i></a> (1st Touchstone ed.). New York: <a href="/wiki/Simon_%26_Schuster" title="Simon & Schuster">Simon & Schuster</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0671657154" title="Special:BookSources/978-0671657154"><bdi>978-0671657154</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210412192444/https://books.google.com/books?id=AMuZvBwfRYMC">Archived</a> from the original on 12 April 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 November</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+closing+of+the+American+mind&rft.place=New+York&rft.edition=1st+Touchstone&rft.pub=Simon+%26+Schuster&rft.date=1988&rft.isbn=978-0671657154&rft.aulast=Bellow&rft.aufirst=Allan+Bloom%3B+foreword+by+Saul&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DAMuZvBwfRYMC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APolitical+correctness" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_book" title="Template:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_multiple_names:_authors_list" title="Category:CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Robinson2000-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Robinson2000_29-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Robinson2000_29-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRobinson2000" class="citation book cs1">Robinson, Sally (2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=1fA5eFUAO_AC"><i>Marked men white masculinity in crisis</i></a>. New York: <a href="/wiki/Columbia_University_Press" title="Columbia University Press">Columbia University Press</a>. pp. 17, 55–86. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0231500364" title="Special:BookSources/978-0231500364"><bdi>978-0231500364</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211010135850/https://books.google.com/books?id=1fA5eFUAO_AC">Archived</a> from the original on 10 October 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 October</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Marked+men+white+masculinity+in+crisis&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=17%2C+55-86&rft.pub=Columbia+University+Press&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=978-0231500364&rft.aulast=Robinson&rft.aufirst=Sally&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D1fA5eFUAO_AC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APolitical+correctness" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Kamiya-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Kamiya_30-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKamiya1995" class="citation journal cs1">Kamiya, Gary (22 January 1995). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sfgate.com/magazine/article/Civilization-Its-Discontents-3152155.php">"Civilization & Its Discontents"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/San_Francisco_Chronicle_Magazine" title="San Francisco Chronicle Magazine">San Francisco Chronicle Magazine</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210228042025/https://www.sfgate.com/magazine/article/Civilization-Its-Discontents-3152155.php">Archived</a> from the original on 28 February 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 November</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=San+Francisco+Chronicle+Magazine&rft.atitle=Civilization+%26+Its+Discontents&rft.date=1995-01-22&rft.aulast=Kamiya&rft.aufirst=Gary&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.sfgate.com%2Fmagazine%2Farticle%2FCivilization-Its-Discontents-3152155.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APolitical+correctness" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Williams-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Williams_31-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Williams_31-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWilliams2013" class="citation book cs1">Williams, Jeffrey (2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=VaVlAgAAQBAJ"><i>PC Wars: Politics and Theory in the Academy</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/Routledge" title="Routledge">Routledge</a>. p. 11. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1136656231" title="Special:BookSources/978-1136656231"><bdi>978-1136656231</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211010142522/https://books.google.com/books?id=VaVlAgAAQBAJ">Archived</a> from the original on 10 October 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 October</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=PC+Wars%3A+Politics+and+Theory+in+the+Academy&rft.pages=11&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2013&rft.isbn=978-1136656231&rft.aulast=Williams&rft.aufirst=Jeffrey&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DVaVlAgAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APolitical+correctness" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Gamson-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Gamson_32-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGamson1997" class="citation journal cs1">Gamson, Z.F. (1997). "The Stratification of the Academy". <i>Social Text</i>. <b>51</b> (51): 67–73. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2307%2F466647">10.2307/466647</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/466647">466647</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Social+Text&rft.atitle=The+Stratification+of+the+Academy&rft.volume=51&rft.issue=51&rft.pages=67-73&rft.date=1997&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2307%2F466647&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F466647%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.aulast=Gamson&rft.aufirst=Z.F.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APolitical+correctness" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Platt-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Platt_33-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPlatt" class="citation journal cs1">Platt, Tony. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.socialjusticejournal.org/archive/90_29_4/90_04Platt.pdf">"Desegregating Multiculturalism: Problems in the Theory and Pedagogy of Diversity Education"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Pedagogies for Social Change</i>. <b>29</b> (4 (90)). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211007175758/http://www.socialjusticejournal.org/archive/90_29_4/90_04Platt.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 7 October 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 October</span> 2015</span> – via <a href="/wiki/Social_Justice_(journal)" title="Social Justice (journal)">Social Justice</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Pedagogies+for+Social+Change&rft.atitle=Desegregating+Multiculturalism%3A+Problems+in+the+Theory+and+Pedagogy+of+Diversity+Education&rft.volume=29&rft.issue=4+%2890%29&rft.aulast=Platt&rft.aufirst=Tony&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.socialjusticejournal.org%2Farchive%2F90_29_4%2F90_04Platt.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APolitical+correctness" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Berman1992-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Berman1992_34-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Berman1992_34-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBerman1992" class="citation book cs1">Berman, Paul, ed. (1992). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=6XflI-OaALAC&q=Berman%20Debating%20PC&pg=PP1"><i>Debating P.C.: the controversy over political correctness on college campuses</i></a>. Random House Publishing. p. Introduction. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0307801784" title="Special:BookSources/978-0307801784"><bdi>978-0307801784</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220103133600/https://books.google.com/books?id=6XflI-OaALAC&q=Berman+Debating+PC&pg=PP1">Archived</a> from the original on 3 January 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 January</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Debating+P.C.%3A+the+controversy+over+political+correctness+on+college+campuses&rft.pages=Introduction&rft.pub=Random+House+Publishing&rft.date=1992&rft.isbn=978-0307801784&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D6XflI-OaALAC%26q%3DBerman%2520Debating%2520PC%26pg%3DPP1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APolitical+correctness" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Smith1999-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Smith1999_35-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Smith1999_35-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSmith1999" class="citation book cs1">Smith, Dorothy E. (1999). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=XICxNH7EH_MC"><i>Writing the social: critique, theory, and investigations</i></a> (Repr. ed.). Toronto (Ont.): <a href="/wiki/University_of_Toronto_Press" title="University of Toronto Press">University of Toronto Press</a>. p. 175. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0802081353" title="Special:BookSources/978-0802081353"><bdi>978-0802081353</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211010134937/https://books.google.com/books?id=XICxNH7EH_MC">Archived</a> from the original on 10 October 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 October</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Writing+the+social%3A+critique%2C+theory%2C+and+investigations&rft.place=Toronto+%28Ont.%29&rft.pages=175&rft.edition=Repr.&rft.pub=University+of+Toronto+Press&rft.date=1999&rft.isbn=978-0802081353&rft.aulast=Smith&rft.aufirst=Dorothy+E.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DXICxNH7EH_MC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APolitical+correctness" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Schwartz-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Schwartz_36-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Schwartz_36-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSchwartz1997" class="citation journal cs1">Schwartz, Howard S. (1997). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sba.oakland.edu/faculty/schwartz/pcjabs.htm">"Psychodynamics of Political Correctness"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Journal_of_Applied_Behavioral_Science" class="mw-redirect" title="Journal of Applied Behavioral Science">Journal of Applied Behavioral Science</a></i>. <b>33</b> (2): 133–49. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1177%2F0021886397332003">10.1177/0021886397332003</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:144305581">144305581</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20091003123819/http://www.sba.oakland.edu/faculty/schwartz/PCJABS.htm">Archived</a> from the original on 3 October 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 October</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Applied+Behavioral+Science&rft.atitle=Psychodynamics+of+Political+Correctness&rft.volume=33&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=133-49&rft.date=1997&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1177%2F0021886397332003&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A144305581%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.aulast=Schwartz&rft.aufirst=Howard+S.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.sba.oakland.edu%2Ffaculty%2Fschwartz%2Fpcjabs.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APolitical+correctness" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Crossroads-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Crossroads_37-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Crossroads_37-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFValdesCulpHarris2002" class="citation book cs1">Valdes, Francisco; Culp, Jerome McCristal; Harris, Angela P., eds. (2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=dCedxQu542UC"><i>Crossroads, directions, and a new critical race theory</i></a>. Philadelphia: <a href="/wiki/Temple_University_Press" title="Temple University Press">Temple University Press</a>. pp. 59, 65. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1566399302" title="Special:BookSources/978-1566399302"><bdi>978-1566399302</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200730022119/https://books.google.com/books?id=dCedxQu542UC">Archived</a> from the original on 30 July 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 October</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Crossroads%2C+directions%2C+and+a+new+critical+race+theory&rft.place=Philadelphia&rft.pages=59%2C+65&rft.pub=Temple+University+Press&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=978-1566399302&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DdCedxQu542UC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APolitical+correctness" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Browne-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Browne_38-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Browne, Anthony (2006). "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.civitas.org.uk/archive/pubs/Browne_cs47.php">The Retreat of Reason: Political Correctness and the Corruption of Public Debate in Modern Britain</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140503050240/http://www.civitas.org.uk/pubs/Browne_cs47.php">Archived</a> 3 May 2014 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>". Civitas. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1903386500" title="Special:BookSources/1903386500">1903386500</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Bernstein-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Bernstein_39-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Bernstein_39-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBernstein1990" class="citation news cs1"><a href="/wiki/Richard_Bernstein_(journalist)" title="Richard Bernstein (journalist)">Bernstein, Richard</a> (28 October 1990). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1990/10/28/weekinreview/ideas-trends-the-rising-hegemony-of-the-politically-correct.html?pagewanted=all">"Ideas & Trends: The Rising Hegemony of the Politically Correct"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211012023341/https://www.nytimes.com/1990/10/28/weekinreview/ideas-trends-the-rising-hegemony-of-the-politically-correct.html?pagewanted=all">Archived</a> from the original on 12 October 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 February</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Ideas+%26+Trends%3A+The+Rising+Hegemony+of+the+Politically+Correct&rft.date=1990-10-28&rft.aulast=Bernstein&rft.aufirst=Richard&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1990%2F10%2F28%2Fweekinreview%2Fideas-trends-the-rising-hegemony-of-the-politically-correct.html%3Fpagewanted%3Dall&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APolitical+correctness" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Cho-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Cho_40-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCho1997" class="citation journal cs1">Cho, Sumi (1997). "Essential Politics". <i><a href="/wiki/Harvard_Law_Review" title="Harvard Law Review">Harvard Law Review</a></i>. <b>433</b>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Harvard+Law+Review&rft.atitle=Essential+Politics&rft.volume=433&rft.date=1997&rft.aulast=Cho&rft.aufirst=Sumi&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APolitical+correctness" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-McFadden1991-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-McFadden1991_41-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-McFadden1991_41-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMcFadden1991" class="citation news cs1">McFadden, Robert D. (5 May 1991). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1991/05/05/us/political-correctness-new-bias-test.html">"Political Correctness: New Bias Test?"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211023033910/https://www.nytimes.com/1991/05/05/us/political-correctness-new-bias-test.html">Archived</a> from the original on 23 October 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 February</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Political+Correctness%3A+New+Bias+Test%3F&rft.date=1991-05-05&rft.aulast=McFadden&rft.aufirst=Robert+D.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1991%2F05%2F05%2Fus%2Fpolitical-correctness-new-bias-test.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APolitical+correctness" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">D'Souza 1991</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Berman 1992</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-44">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Schultz 1993</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-45">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Messer Davidow 1993, 1994</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-46">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Scatamburlo 1998</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-47">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/George_H._W._Bush" title="George H. W. Bush">George H. W. Bush</a>, at the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Michigan" title="University of Michigan">University of Michigan</a> (4 May 1991), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://bushlibrary.tamu.edu/research/papers/1991/91050401.html">Remarks at the University of Michigan Commencement Ceremony in Ann Arbor</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20040516105827/http://bushlibrary.tamu.edu/research/papers/1991/91050401.html">Archived</a> 16 May 2004 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, 4 May 1991. <a href="/wiki/George_Bush_Presidential_Library" class="mw-redirect" title="George Bush Presidential Library">George Bush Presidential Library</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-48">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAufderheide1992" class="citation book cs1">Aufderheide, Patricia (1992). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/beyondpctowardpo00aufd/page/227"><i>Beyond PC: Toward a Politics of Understanding</i></a>. Saint Paul, Minn.: <a href="/wiki/Graywolf_Press" title="Graywolf Press">Graywolf Press</a>. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/beyondpctowardpo00aufd/page/227">227</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1555971649" title="Special:BookSources/978-1555971649"><bdi>978-1555971649</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Beyond+PC%3A+Toward+a+Politics+of+Understanding&rft.place=Saint+Paul%2C+Minn.&rft.pages=227&rft.pub=Graywolf+Press&rft.date=1992&rft.isbn=978-1555971649&rft.aulast=Aufderheide&rft.aufirst=Patricia&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fbeyondpctowardpo00aufd%2Fpage%2F227&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APolitical+correctness" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-49">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMeaghan2013" class="citation book cs1">Meaghan, Morris (2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151118005632/http://www.springerin.at/dyn/heft_text.php?textid=1599&lang=en"><i>New Keywords a Revised Vocabulary of Culture and Society</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/Hoboken,_New_Jersey" title="Hoboken, New Jersey">Hoboken</a>: <a href="/wiki/Wiley_(publisher)" title="Wiley (publisher)">Wiley</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1118725412" title="Special:BookSources/978-1118725412"><bdi>978-1118725412</bdi></a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.springerin.at/dyn/heft_text.php?textid=1599&lang=en">the original</a> on 18 November 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=New+Keywords+a+Revised+Vocabulary+of+Culture+and+Society.&rft.place=Hoboken&rft.pub=Wiley&rft.date=2013&rft.isbn=978-1118725412&rft.aulast=Meaghan&rft.aufirst=Morris&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerin.at%2Fdyn%2Fheft_text.php%3Ftextid%3D1599%26lang%3Den&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APolitical+correctness" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-50">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBernstein1990" class="citation news cs1"><a href="/wiki/Richard_Bernstein_(journalist)" title="Richard Bernstein (journalist)">Bernstein, Richard</a> (28 October 1990). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1990/10/28/weekinreview/ideas-trends-the-rising-hegemony-of-the-politically-correct.html?pagewanted=all">"Ideas & Trends: The Rising Hegemony of the Politically Correct"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 May</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Ideas+%26+Trends%3A+The+Rising+Hegemony+of+the+Politically+Correct&rft.date=1990-10-28&rft.aulast=Bernstein&rft.aufirst=Richard&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1990%2F10%2F28%2Fweekinreview%2Fideas-trends-the-rising-hegemony-of-the-politically-correct.html%3Fpagewanted%3Dall&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APolitical+correctness" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-51">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.humanities.uci.edu/wha/about/">Western Humanities Conference</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20121215034949/http://www.humanities.uci.edu/wha/about/">Archived</a> 15 December 2012 at <a href="/wiki/Archive.today" title="Archive.today">archive.today</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Kimball-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Kimball_53-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Kimball_53-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKimball1990" class="citation book cs1">Kimball, Roger (1990). <i>Tenured radicals: how politics has corrupted our higher education</i> (1st ed.). New York: <a href="/wiki/Harper_%26_Row" class="mw-redirect" title="Harper & Row">Harper & Row</a> – Originally <a href="/wiki/University_of_Michigan" title="University of Michigan">University of Michigan</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0060161903" title="Special:BookSources/978-0060161903"><bdi>978-0060161903</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Tenured+radicals%3A+how+politics+has+corrupted+our+higher+education&rft.place=New+York&rft.edition=1st&rft.pub=Harper+%26+Row+%E2%80%93+Originally+University+of+Michigan&rft.date=1990&rft.isbn=978-0060161903&rft.aulast=Kimball&rft.aufirst=Roger&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APolitical+correctness" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-54"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-54">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLauter1993" class="citation journal cs1">Lauter, Paul (1993). "<span class="cs1-kern-left"></span>'Political Correctness' and the Attack on American Colleges". <i>The Radical Teacher</i> (44): 34–40. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0191-4847">0191-4847</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/20709784">20709784</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Radical+Teacher&rft.atitle=%27Political+Correctness%27+and+the+Attack+on+American+Colleges&rft.issue=44&rft.pages=34-40&rft.date=1993&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F20709784%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.issn=0191-4847&rft.aulast=Lauter&rft.aufirst=Paul&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APolitical+correctness" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-55"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-55">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAxtell1998" class="citation book cs1">Axtell, James (1 January 1998). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=ca6-q60ig5kC"><i>The Pleasures of Academe: A Celebration & Defense of Higher Education</i></a>. U of Nebraska Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8032-1049-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8032-1049-3"><bdi>978-0-8032-1049-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Pleasures+of+Academe%3A+A+Celebration+%26+Defense+of+Higher+Education&rft.pub=U+of+Nebraska+Press&rft.date=1998-01-01&rft.isbn=978-0-8032-1049-3&rft.aulast=Axtell&rft.aufirst=James&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dca6-q60ig5kC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APolitical+correctness" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-56"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-56">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFScatamburlo1998" class="citation book cs1">Scatamburlo, Valerie L. (1998). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/soldiersofmisfor0000scat"><i>Soldiers of Misfortune: The New Right's Culture War and the Politics of Political Correctness</i></a></span>. New York: Peter Lang. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780820430126" title="Special:BookSources/9780820430126"><bdi>9780820430126</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Soldiers+of+Misfortune%3A+The+New+Right%27s+Culture+War+and+the+Politics+of+Political+Correctness&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Peter+Lang&rft.date=1998&rft.isbn=9780820430126&rft.aulast=Scatamburlo&rft.aufirst=Valerie+L.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fsoldiersofmisfor0000scat&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APolitical+correctness" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-57"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-57">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGlassner2010" class="citation book cs1">Glassner, Barry (5 January 2010). <i>The Culture of Fear: Why Americans Are Afraid of the Wrong Things: Crime, Drugs, Minorities, Teen Moms, Killer Kids, Mutant Microbes, Plane Crashes, Road Rage, & So Much More</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Culture+of+Fear%3A+Why+Americans+Are+Afraid+of+the+Wrong+Things%3A+Crime%2C+Drugs%2C+Minorities%2C+Teen+Moms%2C+Killer+Kids%2C+Mutant+Microbes%2C+Plane+Crashes%2C+Road+Rage%2C+%26+So+Much+More&rft.date=2010-01-05&rft.aulast=Glassner&rft.aufirst=Barry&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APolitical+correctness" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Tomlinson,_Race_And_Education:_Policy_And_Politics_In_Britain,_p._161.-58"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Tomlinson,_Race_And_Education:_Policy_And_Politics_In_Britain,_p._161._58-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTomlinson2008" class="citation book cs1">Tomlinson, Sally (2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=-0jqaa-73mgC&pg=PA161"><i>Race and education: policy and politics in Britain</i></a> ([Online-Ausg.]. ed.). Maidenhead [u.a]: <a href="/wiki/Open_University_Press" class="mw-redirect" title="Open University Press">Open University Press</a>. p. 161. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0335223077" title="Special:BookSources/978-0335223077"><bdi>978-0335223077</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200730112845/https://books.google.com/books?id=-0jqaa-73mgC&pg=PA161">Archived</a> from the original on 30 July 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 October</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Race+and+education%3A+policy+and+politics+in+Britain&rft.place=Maidenhead+%5Bu.a%5D&rft.pages=161&rft.edition=%5BOnline-Ausg.%5D.&rft.pub=Open+University+Press&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-0335223077&rft.aulast=Tomlinson&rft.aufirst=Sally&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D-0jqaa-73mgC%26pg%3DPA161&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APolitical+correctness" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Paying_Our_High_Public_Officials:_Evaluating_the_Political_Justifications_of_Top_Wages_in_the_Public_Sector,_p._119-59"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Paying_Our_High_Public_Officials:_Evaluating_the_Political_Justifications_of_Top_Wages_in_the_Public_Sector,_p._119_59-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDekker2013" class="citation book cs1">Dekker, Teun J. (2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=bx9h0XuYSlUC&pg=PA119"><i>Paying Our High Public Officials: Evaluating the Political Justifications of Top Wages in the Public Sector</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/Routledge" title="Routledge">Routledge</a>. p. 119. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1135131265" title="Special:BookSources/978-1135131265"><bdi>978-1135131265</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211010134734/https://books.google.com/books?id=bx9h0XuYSlUC&pg=PA119">Archived</a> from the original on 10 October 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 October</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Paying+Our+High+Public+Officials%3A+Evaluating+the+Political+Justifications+of+Top+Wages+in+the+Public+Sector&rft.pages=119&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2013&rft.isbn=978-1135131265&rft.aulast=Dekker&rft.aufirst=Teun+J.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dbx9h0XuYSlUC%26pg%3DPA119&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APolitical+correctness" class="Z3988"></span> <span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_book" title="Template:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: </span><span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">|work=</code> ignored (<a href="/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#periodical_ignored" title="Help:CS1 errors">help</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-60"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-60">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Polly_Toynbee" title="Polly Toynbee">Toynbee, Polly</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://society.guardian.co.uk/regeneration/comment/0,7941,617436,00.html">"Religion Must be Removed from all Functions of State"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070811125942/http://society.guardian.co.uk/regeneration/comment/0,7941,617436,00.html">Archived</a> 11 August 2007 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/The_Guardian" title="The Guardian">The Guardian</a></i>, 12 December 2001 – Accessed 6 February 2007.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-61"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-61">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFToynbee2009" class="citation news cs1"><a href="/wiki/Polly_Toynbee" title="Polly Toynbee">Toynbee, Polly</a> (28 April 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2009/apr/28/toynbee-equality-bill-welfare">"This Bold Equality Push is just what We Needed. In 1997"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Guardian" title="The Guardian">The Guardian</a></i>. London. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211105201608/https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2009/apr/28/toynbee-equality-bill-welfare">Archived</a> from the original on 5 November 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 May</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=This+Bold+Equality+Push+is+just+what+We+Needed.+In+1997&rft.date=2009-04-28&rft.aulast=Toynbee&rft.aufirst=Polly&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fcommentisfree%2F2009%2Fapr%2F28%2Ftoynbee-equality-bill-welfare&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APolitical+correctness" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-62"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-62">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAlbrow1997" class="citation book cs1">Albrow, Martin (1997). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=ZwmdxMMjOd4C&pg=PA215"><i>The global age state and society beyond modernity</i></a> (1st ed.). Stanford, Calif.: <a href="/wiki/Stanford_University_Press" title="Stanford University Press">Stanford University Press</a>. p. 215. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0804728706" title="Special:BookSources/978-0804728706"><bdi>978-0804728706</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200729144344/https://books.google.com/books?id=ZwmdxMMjOd4C&pg=PA215">Archived</a> from the original on 29 July 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 October</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+global+age+state+and+society+beyond+modernity&rft.place=Stanford%2C+Calif.&rft.pages=215&rft.edition=1st&rft.pub=Stanford+University+Press&rft.date=1997&rft.isbn=978-0804728706&rft.aulast=Albrow&rft.aufirst=Martin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DZwmdxMMjOd4C%26pg%3DPA215&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APolitical+correctness" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-63"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-63">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=tbtIAAAAYAAJ">"The Economist: Will Hutton, p. 81"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Economist" title="The Economist">The Economist</a></i>. <a href="/wiki/Economist_Newspaper_Limited" class="mw-redirect" title="Economist Newspaper Limited">Economist Newspaper Limited</a>. 2002. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211010141432/https://books.google.com/books?id=tbtIAAAAYAAJ">Archived</a> from the original on 10 October 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 October</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Economist&rft.atitle=The+Economist%3A+Will+Hutton%2C+p.+81&rft.date=2002&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DtbtIAAAAYAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APolitical+correctness" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-64"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-64">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGyuris2014" class="citation book cs1">Gyuris, Ferenc (2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=BzG8BAAAQBAJ&pg=PA68"><i>The Political Discourse of Spatial Disparities Geographical Inequalities Between Science and Propaganda</i></a>. Cham: <a href="/wiki/Springer_International_Publishing" class="mw-redirect" title="Springer International Publishing">Springer International Publishing</a>. p. 68. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3319015088" title="Special:BookSources/978-3319015088"><bdi>978-3319015088</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200920144856/https://books.google.com/books?id=BzG8BAAAQBAJ&pg=PA68">Archived</a> from the original on 20 September 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 October</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Political+Discourse+of+Spatial+Disparities+Geographical+Inequalities+Between+Science+and+Propaganda&rft.place=Cham&rft.pages=68&rft.pub=Springer+International+Publishing&rft.date=2014&rft.isbn=978-3319015088&rft.aulast=Gyuris&rft.aufirst=Ferenc&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DBzG8BAAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA68&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APolitical+correctness" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-65"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-65">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHutton2015" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Will_Hutton" title="Will Hutton">Hutton, Will</a> (2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=01fXBAAAQBAJ&pg=PT80"><i>How Good We Can Be: Ending the Mercenary Society and Building a Great Country</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/Hachette_UK" class="mw-redirect" title="Hachette UK">Hachette UK</a>. p. 80. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1408705322" title="Special:BookSources/978-1408705322"><bdi>978-1408705322</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200919151104/https://books.google.com/books?id=01fXBAAAQBAJ&pg=PT80">Archived</a> from the original on 19 September 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 October</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=How+Good+We+Can+Be%3A+Ending+the+Mercenary+Society+and+Building+a+Great+Country&rft.pages=80&rft.pub=Hachette+UK&rft.date=2015&rft.isbn=978-1408705322&rft.aulast=Hutton&rft.aufirst=Will&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D01fXBAAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPT80&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APolitical+correctness" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-66"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-66">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Will_Hutton" title="Will Hutton">Hutton, Will</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://observer.guardian.co.uk/race/story/0,,619644,00.html">"Words really are important, Mr Blunkett" </a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080131211145/http://observer.guardian.co.uk/race/story/0,,619644,00.html">Archived</a> 31 January 2008 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> <i><a href="/wiki/The_Observer" title="The Observer">The Observer</a></i>, Sunday 16 December 2001 – Accessed 6 February 2007.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Loury-67"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Loury_67-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLoury1994" class="citation journal cs1"><a href="/wiki/Glenn_Loury" title="Glenn Loury">Loury, G. C.</a> (1 October 1994). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151123003439/http://www.econ.brown.edu/fac/Glenn_Loury/louryhomepage/papers/Loury_Political_Correctness.pdf">"Self-Censorship in Public Discourse: A Theory of "Political Correctness" and Related Phenomena"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i><a href="/wiki/Rationality_and_Society" title="Rationality and Society">Rationality and Society</a></i>. <b>6</b> (4): 428–61. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1177%2F1043463194006004002">10.1177/1043463194006004002</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:143057168">143057168</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.econ.brown.edu/fac/Glenn_Loury/louryhomepage/papers/Loury_Political_Correctness.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 23 November 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 October</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Rationality+and+Society&rft.atitle=Self-Censorship+in+Public+Discourse%3A+A+Theory+of+%22Political+Correctness%22+and+Related+Phenomena&rft.volume=6&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=428-61&rft.date=1994-10-01&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1177%2F1043463194006004002&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A143057168%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.aulast=Loury&rft.aufirst=G.+C.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.econ.brown.edu%2Ffac%2FGlenn_Loury%2Flouryhomepage%2Fpapers%2FLoury_Political_Correctness.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APolitical+correctness" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-68"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-68">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHughes2015" class="citation book cs1">Hughes, Geoffrey (2015). <i>An Encyclopedia of Swearing: The Social History of Oaths, Profanity, Foul Language, and Ethnic Slurs in the English-Speaking World</i>. Routledge. pp. 348–349.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=An+Encyclopedia+of+Swearing%3A+The+Social+History+of+Oaths%2C+Profanity%2C+Foul+Language%2C+and+Ethnic+Slurs+in+the+English-Speaking+World&rft.pages=348-349&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2015&rft.aulast=Hughes&rft.aufirst=Geoffrey&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APolitical+correctness" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Heteren1997-69"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Heteren1997_69-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHeteren1997" class="citation book cs1">Heteren, Annette Gomis van (1997). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=s1qRWJESNbsC"><i>Political correctness in context: the PC controversy in America</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/Almer%C3%ADa" title="Almería">Almería</a>: <a href="/wiki/Universidad_de_Almer%C3%ADa" class="mw-redirect" title="Universidad de Almería">Universidad de Almería</a>, Servicio de Publicaciones. p. 148. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-8482400839" title="Special:BookSources/978-8482400839"><bdi>978-8482400839</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210412192446/https://books.google.com/books?id=s1qRWJESNbsC">Archived</a> from the original on 12 April 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 October</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Political+correctness+in+context%3A+the+PC+controversy+in+America&rft.place=Almer%C3%ADa&rft.pages=148&rft.pub=Universidad+de+Almer%C3%ADa%2C+Servicio+de+Publicaciones&rft.date=1997&rft.isbn=978-8482400839&rft.aulast=Heteren&rft.aufirst=Annette+Gomis+van&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Ds1qRWJESNbsC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APolitical+correctness" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-DSouza1991-70"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-DSouza1991_70-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFD'Souza1991" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Dinesh_D%27Souza" title="Dinesh D'Souza">D'Souza, Dinesh</a> (1991). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=WUcWaePccnkC"><i>Illiberal education: the politics of race and sex on campus</i></a>. New York: <a href="/wiki/Free_Press_(publisher)" title="Free Press (publisher)">Free Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0684863849" title="Special:BookSources/978-0684863849"><bdi>978-0684863849</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210412192443/https://books.google.com/books?id=WUcWaePccnkC">Archived</a> from the original on 12 April 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 November</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Illiberal+education%3A+the+politics+of+race+and+sex+on+campus&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Free+Press&rft.date=1991&rft.isbn=978-0684863849&rft.aulast=D%27Souza&rft.aufirst=Dinesh&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DWUcWaePccnkC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APolitical+correctness" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-71"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-71">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.psychologytoday.com/us/blog/homo-consumericus/201312/the-follies-the-politically-correct-language-police">"On the Follies of the Politically Correct Language Police | Psychology Today"</a>. <i>www.psychologytoday.com</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220816100227/https://www.psychologytoday.com/us/blog/homo-consumericus/201312/the-follies-the-politically-correct-language-police">Archived</a> from the original on 16 August 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 July</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.psychologytoday.com&rft.atitle=On+the+Follies+of+the+Politically+Correct+Language+Police+%7C+Psychology+Today&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.psychologytoday.com%2Fus%2Fblog%2Fhomo-consumericus%2F201312%2Fthe-follies-the-politically-correct-language-police&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APolitical+correctness" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-72"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-72">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHessMarantoRedding2009" class="citation book cs1">Hess, Frederick M.; Maranto, Robert; Redding, Richard E. (2009). <i>The politically correct university: problems, scope, and reforms</i>. Washington, D.C.: <a href="/wiki/AEI_Press" class="mw-redirect" title="AEI Press">AEI Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0844743172" title="Special:BookSources/978-0844743172"><bdi>978-0844743172</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+politically+correct+university%3A+problems%2C+scope%2C+and+reforms&rft.place=Washington%2C+D.C.&rft.pub=AEI+Press&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=978-0844743172&rft.aulast=Hess&rft.aufirst=Frederick+M.&rft.au=Maranto%2C+Robert&rft.au=Redding%2C+Richard+E.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APolitical+correctness" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-73"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-73">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Deresiewicz, William <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://theamericanscholar.org/on-political-correctness/#.XJb54xFCfIU">On Political Correctness</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211102230557/https://theamericanscholar.org/on-political-correctness/#.XJb54xFCfIU">Archived</a> 2 November 2021 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, <i>The American Scholar</i>, 06/03/17, accessed 24/03/19</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-74"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-74">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Larson, Jennifer, Mark McNeilly, and Timothy J. Ryan. "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://fecdsurveyreport.web.unc.edu/files/2020/02/UNC-Free-Expression-Report.pdf">Free Expression and Constructive Dialogue at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201223145026/https://fecdsurveyreport.web.unc.edu/files/2020/02/UNC-Free-Expression-Report.pdf">Archived</a> 23 December 2020 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>." Chapel Hill, NC: University of North Carolina (5 February 2020).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-75"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-75">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFriedersdorf2020" class="citation web cs1">Friedersdorf, Conor (16 February 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theatlantic.com/ideas/archive/2020/02/evidence-conservative-students-really-do-self-censor/606559/">"Evidence That Conservative Students Really Do Self-Censor"</a>. <i>The Atlantic</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211111230142/https://www.theatlantic.com/ideas/archive/2020/02/evidence-conservative-students-really-do-self-censor/606559/">Archived</a> from the original on 11 November 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 February</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Atlantic&rft.atitle=Evidence+That+Conservative+Students+Really+Do+Self-Censor&rft.date=2020-02-16&rft.aulast=Friedersdorf&rft.aufirst=Conor&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theatlantic.com%2Fideas%2Farchive%2F2020%2F02%2Fevidence-conservative-students-really-do-self-censor%2F606559%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APolitical+correctness" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-76"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-76">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJamin2014" class="citation book cs1">Jamin, Jérôme (2014). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/postwarangloamer0000unse/page/84">"Cultural Marxism and the Radical Right"</a></span>. In Shekhovtsov, A.; Jackson, P. (eds.). <i>The Post-War Anglo-American Far Right: A Special Relationship of Hate</i>. <a href="/wiki/Basingstoke" title="Basingstoke">Basingstoke</a>: <a href="/wiki/Palgrave_Macmillan" title="Palgrave Macmillan">Palgrave Macmillan</a>. pp. 84–103. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1057%2F9781137396211.0009">10.1057/9781137396211.0009</a> (inactive 15 November 2024). <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1137396198" title="Special:BookSources/978-1137396198"><bdi>978-1137396198</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">31 January</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Cultural+Marxism+and+the+Radical+Right&rft.btitle=The+Post-War+Anglo-American+Far+Right%3A+A+Special+Relationship+of+Hate&rft.place=Basingstoke&rft.pages=84-103&rft.pub=Palgrave+Macmillan&rft.date=2014&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1057%2F9781137396211.0009&rft.isbn=978-1137396198&rft.aulast=Jamin&rft.aufirst=J%C3%A9r%C3%B4me&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fpostwarangloamer0000unse%2Fpage%2F84&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APolitical+correctness" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_book" title="Template:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: DOI inactive as of November 2024 (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_DOI_inactive_as_of_November_2024" title="Category:CS1 maint: DOI inactive as of November 2024">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-77"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-77">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRichardson2015" class="citation book cs1">Richardson, John E. (2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=HIwGCAAAQBAJ">"<span class="cs1-kern-left"></span>'Cultural-Marxism' and the British National Party: a transnational discourse"</a>. In Copsey, Nigel; Richardson, John E. (eds.). <i>Cultures of Post-War British Fascism</i>. Routledge. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781317539360" title="Special:BookSources/9781317539360"><bdi>9781317539360</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200929062019/https://books.google.com/books?id=HIwGCAAAQBAJ">Archived</a> from the original on 29 September 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 August</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=%27Cultural-Marxism%27+and+the+British+National+Party%3A+a+transnational+discourse&rft.btitle=Cultures+of+Post-War+British+Fascism&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2015&rft.isbn=9781317539360&rft.aulast=Richardson&rft.aufirst=John+E.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DHIwGCAAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APolitical+correctness" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-78"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-78">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Martin_Jay" title="Martin Jay">Jay, Martin</a> (2010), "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111124045123/http://cms.skidmore.edu/salmagundi/backissues/168-169/martin-jay-frankfurt-school-as-scapegoat.cfm">Dialectic of Counter-Enlightenment: The Frankfurt School as Scapegoat of the Lunatic Fringe</a>". <i><a href="/wiki/Salmagundi_(magazine)" title="Salmagundi (magazine)">Salmagundi</a></i> (Fall 2010–Winter 2011, 168–69): 30–40.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-79"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-79">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Patrick_Buchanan" class="mw-redirect" title="Patrick Buchanan">Buchanan, Patrick</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Death_of_the_West" title="The Death of the West">The Death of the West</a></i>, p. 89.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Lea-80"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Lea_80-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLea2010" class="citation book cs1">Lea, John (2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=pKmTAgAAQBAJ"><i>Political Correctness and Higher Education: British and American Perspectives</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/Routledge" title="Routledge">Routledge</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1135895884" title="Special:BookSources/978-1135895884"><bdi>978-1135895884</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210412201758/https://books.google.com/books?id=pKmTAgAAQBAJ">Archived</a> from the original on 12 April 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 October</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Political+Correctness+and+Higher+Education%3A+British+and+American+Perspectives&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=978-1135895884&rft.aulast=Lea&rft.aufirst=John&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DpKmTAgAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APolitical+correctness" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-McGowan-81"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-McGowan_81-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMcGowan2003" class="citation book cs1">McGowan, William (2003). <i>Coloring the news: how political correctness has corrupted American journalism</i> ([New postscript]. ed.). San Francisco, Calif.: <a href="/wiki/Encounter_Books" title="Encounter Books">Encounter Books</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1893554603" title="Special:BookSources/978-1893554603"><bdi>978-1893554603</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Coloring+the+news%3A+how+political+correctness+has+corrupted+American+journalism&rft.place=San+Francisco%2C+Calif.&rft.edition=%5BNew+postscript%5D.&rft.pub=Encounter+Books&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=978-1893554603&rft.aulast=McGowan&rft.aufirst=William&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APolitical+correctness" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-82"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-82">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNovak1995" class="citation news cs1">Novak, Robert (March 1995). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.questia.com/magazine/1G1-16805698/political-correctness-has-no-place-in-the-newsroom">"Political Correctness Has No Place in the Newsroom"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/USA_Today" title="USA Today">USA Today</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200629061809/https://www.questia.com/magazine/1G1-16805698/political-correctness-has-no-place-in-the-newsroom">Archived</a> from the original on 29 June 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 October</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=USA+Today&rft.atitle=Political+Correctness+Has+No+Place+in+the+Newsroom&rft.date=1995-03&rft.aulast=Novak&rft.aufirst=Robert&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.questia.com%2Fmagazine%2F1G1-16805698%2Fpolitical-correctness-has-no-place-in-the-newsroom&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APolitical+correctness" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-83"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-83">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGorham1996" class="citation book cs1">Gorham, Joan (1996). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=FK7hAAAAMAAJ"><i>Mass Media</i></a>. Dushkin Publishing Group, <a href="/wiki/Indiana_University" title="Indiana University">Indiana University</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780697316110" title="Special:BookSources/9780697316110"><bdi>9780697316110</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211104213031/https://books.google.com/books?id=FK7hAAAAMAAJ">Archived</a> from the original on 4 November 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 October</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Mass+Media&rft.pub=Dushkin+Publishing+Group%2C+Indiana+University&rft.date=1996&rft.isbn=9780697316110&rft.aulast=Gorham&rft.aufirst=Joan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DFK7hAAAAMAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APolitical+correctness" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-84"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-84">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSloanMackay2007" class="citation book cs1">Sloan, David; Mackay, Jenn (2007). <i>Media Bias</i>. <a href="/wiki/McFarland_%26_Company" title="McFarland & Company">McFarland & Company</a>. p. 112. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0786455058" title="Special:BookSources/978-0786455058"><bdi>978-0786455058</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Media+Bias&rft.pages=112&rft.pub=McFarland+%26+Company&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-0786455058&rft.aulast=Sloan&rft.aufirst=David&rft.au=Mackay%2C+Jenn&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APolitical+correctness" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-85"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-85">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="Sloan" class="citation book cs1">Sloan, David; Hoff, Emily (1998). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=c6LhAAAAMAAJ"><i>Contemporary media issues</i></a>. Northport: Vision Press, <a href="/wiki/Indiana_University" title="Indiana University">Indiana University</a>. p. 63. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1885219107" title="Special:BookSources/978-1885219107"><bdi>978-1885219107</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211010135551/https://books.google.com/books?id=c6LhAAAAMAAJ">Archived</a> from the original on 10 October 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 October</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Contemporary+media+issues&rft.place=Northport&rft.pages=63&rft.pub=Vision+Press%2C+Indiana+University&rft.date=1998&rft.isbn=978-1885219107&rft.aulast=Sloan&rft.aufirst=David&rft.au=Hoff%2C+Emily&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dc6LhAAAAMAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APolitical+correctness" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-86"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-86">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Wilson, John. 1995. <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/isbn_9780822317135">The Myth of Political Correctness: The Conservative Attack on High Education</a>.</i> Durham, North Carolina: <a href="/wiki/Duke_University_Press" title="Duke University Press">Duke University Press</a>. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/isbn_9780822317135/page/7">7</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0822317135" title="Special:BookSources/978-0822317135">978-0822317135</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Think!-87"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Think!_87-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBoyd2015" class="citation podcast cs1">Boyd, Krys (17 February 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://think.kera.org/2015/02/17/the-battle-over-political-correctness/">"The Limits Of Political Correctness (panel discussion)"</a>. <i>Think</i> (Podcast). <a href="/wiki/KERA_(FM)" title="KERA (FM)">KERA (FM)</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 April</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=University+of+Delaware&rft.atitle=Inclusive+Language+Standards&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww1.udel.edu%2Fitwebdev%2Fhelp%2Fdei.html%23%3A~%3Atext%3D%2522Inclusive%2520language%2520is%2520not%2520the%2Cfocused%2520on%2520honoring%2520people%27s%2520identities.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APolitical+correctness" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-89"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-89">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.fiction.net/tidbits/politics/pc.html">"TidBits: The PC Manifesto"</a>. Fiction.net. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211007193505/http://www.fiction.net/tidbits/politics/pc.html">Archived</a> from the original on 7 October 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 June</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=TidBits%3A+The+PC+Manifesto&rft.pub=Fiction.net&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.fiction.net%2Ftidbits%2Fpolitics%2Fpc.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APolitical+correctness" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-90"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-90">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090530054012/http://www.capc.co.uk/PC%20_Scrapbook_Main.htm">"Book – Buy Now"</a>. Capc.co.uk. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.capc.co.uk/PC%20_Scrapbook_Main.htm">the original</a> on 30 May 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 June</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Book+%E2%80%93+Buy+Now&rft.pub=Capc.co.uk&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.capc.co.uk%2FPC%2520_Scrapbook_Main.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APolitical+correctness" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-91"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-91">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRich2005" class="citation news cs1">Rich, Frank (1 May 2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2005/05/01/opinion/conservatives-south-park.html">"Conservatives ♥ 'South Park'<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Conservatives+%E2%99%A5+%27South+Park%27&rft.date=2005-05-01&rft.aulast=Rich&rft.aufirst=Frank&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2005%2F05%2F01%2Fopinion%2Fconservatives-south-park.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APolitical+correctness" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-92"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-92">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBell2015" class="citation news cs1">Bell, Crystal (17 September 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211010120846/http://www.mtv.com/news/2273831/south-park-caitlyn-jenner-joke/">"<span class="cs1-kern-left"></span>'South Park' Perfectly Showed How To Do A Caitlyn Jenner Joke Right"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/MTV" title="MTV">MTV</a></i>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 January</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=MTV&rft.atitle=%27South+Park%27+Perfectly+Showed+How+To+Do+A+Caitlyn+Jenner+Joke+Right&rft.date=2015-09-17&rft.aulast=Bell&rft.aufirst=Crystal&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.mtv.com%2Fnews%2F2273831%2Fsouth-park-caitlyn-jenner-joke%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APolitical+correctness" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-93"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-93">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCaffrey2015" class="citation web cs1">Caffrey, Dan (10 December 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.avclub.com/tvclub/pc-principal-rides-line-between-hero-and-villain-s-229588">"PC Principal rides the line between hero and villain on the season finale of <i>South Park</i>"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_A.V._Club" title="The A.V. Club">The A.V. Club</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170814044254/http://www.avclub.com/tvclub/pc-principal-rides-line-between-hero-and-villain-s-229588">Archived</a> from the original on 14 August 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 January</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+A.V.+Club&rft.atitle=PC+Principal+rides+the+line+between+hero+and+villain+on+the+season+finale+of+South+Park&rft.date=2015-12-10&rft.aulast=Caffrey&rft.aufirst=Dan&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.avclub.com%2Ftvclub%2Fpc-principal-rides-line-between-hero-and-villain-s-229588&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APolitical+correctness" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-94"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-94">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSteinberg2014" class="citation news cs1">Steinberg, Dan (27 March 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/dc-sports-bog/wp/2014/03/27/colbert-report-on-redskins-new-foundation/">"Colbert Report on Redskins' new foundation"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Washington_Post" title="The Washington Post">The Washington Post</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200804181605/https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/dc-sports-bog/wp/2014/03/27/colbert-report-on-redskins-new-foundation/">Archived</a> from the original on 4 August 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 December</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Washington+Post&rft.atitle=Colbert+Report+on+Redskins%27+new+foundation&rft.date=2014-03-27&rft.aulast=Steinberg&rft.aufirst=Dan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Fnews%2Fdc-sports-bog%2Fwp%2F2014%2F03%2F27%2Fcolbert-report-on-redskins-new-foundation%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APolitical+correctness" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-95"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-95">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFD'addario2014" class="citation web cs1">D'addario, Daniel (1 April 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.salon.com/2014/04/01/stephen_colbert_jokes_about_cancelcolbert_the_system_worked/">"Stephen Colbert jokes about #CancelColbert: 'The system worked!'<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Salon_(website)" class="mw-redirect" title="Salon (website)">Salon</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210225135818/https://www.salon.com/2014/04/01/stephen_colbert_jokes_about_cancelcolbert_the_system_worked/">Archived</a> from the original on 25 February 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 December</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Salon&rft.atitle=Stephen+Colbert+jokes+about+%23CancelColbert%3A+%27The+system+worked%21%27&rft.date=2014-04-01&rft.aulast=D%27addario&rft.aufirst=Daniel&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.salon.com%2F2014%2F04%2F01%2Fstephen_colbert_jokes_about_cancelcolbert_the_system_worked%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APolitical+correctness" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Bethell-96"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Bethell_96-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBethell2005" class="citation book cs1">Bethell, Tom (2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/politicallyincor00beth_0"><i>The Politically Incorrect Guide to Science</i></a>. Washington, D.C.: <a href="/wiki/Regnery_Publishing" title="Regnery Publishing">Regnery Publishing</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0895260314" title="Special:BookSources/978-0895260314"><bdi>978-0895260314</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Politically+Incorrect+Guide+to+Science&rft.place=Washington%2C+D.C.&rft.pub=Regnery+Publishing&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=978-0895260314&rft.aulast=Bethell&rft.aufirst=Tom&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fpoliticallyincor00beth_0&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APolitical+correctness" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Adams-97"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Adams_97-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAdams2017" class="citation web cs1">Adams, Joshua (12 June 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cjr.org/criticism/political-correctness-journalism.php?curator=MediaREDEF">"Time for equal media treatment of 'political correctness'<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Columbia_Journalism_Review" title="Columbia Journalism Review">Columbia Journalism Review</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20170831092315/https://www.cjr.org/criticism/political-correctness-journalism.php">Archived</a> from the original on 31 August 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 June</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Columbia+Journalism+Review&rft.atitle=Time+for+equal+media+treatment+of+%27political+correctness%27&rft.date=2017-06-12&rft.aulast=Adams&rft.aufirst=Joshua&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cjr.org%2Fcriticism%2Fpolitical-correctness-journalism.php%3Fcurator%3DMediaREDEF&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APolitical+correctness" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-98"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-98">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAlySimpson2018" class="citation book cs1">Aly, Waleed; Simpson, Robert Mark (2018). "Political Correctness Gone Viral". In Fox, Carl; Saunders, Joe (eds.). <i>Media Ethics, Free Speech, and the Requirements of Democracy</i>. New York: Routledge. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781138571921" title="Special:BookSources/9781138571921"><bdi>9781138571921</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Political+Correctness+Gone+Viral&rft.btitle=Media+Ethics%2C+Free+Speech%2C+and+the+Requirements+of+Democracy&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2018&rft.isbn=9781138571921&rft.aulast=Aly&rft.aufirst=Waleed&rft.au=Simpson%2C+Robert+Mark&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APolitical+correctness" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-nowrasteh-99"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-nowrasteh_99-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNowrasteh2016" class="citation news cs1">Nowrasteh, Alex (7 December 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/posteverything/wp/2016/12/07/the-right-has-its-own-version-of-political-correctness-its-just-as-stifling/">"The right has its own version of political correctness. It's just as stifling"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Washington_Post" title="The Washington Post">The Washington Post</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20161208211732/https://www.washingtonpost.com/posteverything/wp/2016/12/07/the-right-has-its-own-version-of-political-correctness-its-just-as-stifling/">Archived</a> from the original on 8 December 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 December</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Washington+Post&rft.atitle=The+right+has+its+own+version+of+political+correctness.+It%27s+just+as+stifling.&rft.date=2016-12-07&rft.aulast=Nowrasteh&rft.aufirst=Alex&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Fposteverything%2Fwp%2F2016%2F12%2F07%2Fthe-right-has-its-own-version-of-political-correctness-its-just-as-stifling%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APolitical+correctness" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Political_correctness&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/34px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="34" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/51px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/68px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="355" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikiquote has quotations related to <i><b><a href="https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Special:Search/Political_correctness" class="extiw" title="q:Special:Search/Political correctness">Political correctness</a></b></i>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/David_E._Bernstein" class="mw-redirect" title="David E. Bernstein">Bernstein, David E.</a> (2003). <i>You Can't Say That! The Growing Threat to Civil Liberties from Antidiscrimination Laws</i>. <a href="/wiki/Cato_Institute" title="Cato Institute">Cato Institute</a>, 180 pages. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1930865538" title="Special:BookSources/1930865538">1930865538</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nat_Hentoff" title="Nat Hentoff">Hentoff, Nat</a> (1992). <i>Free Speech for Me – But Not for Thee</i>. <a href="/wiki/HarperCollins" title="HarperCollins">HarperCollins</a>. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/006019006X" title="Special:BookSources/006019006X">006019006X</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Schlesinger_Jr." class="mw-redirect" title="Arthur Schlesinger Jr.">Schlesinger, Jr., Arthur M.</a> (1998). <i><a href="/wiki/The_Disuniting_of_America" title="The Disuniting of America">The Disuniting of America: Reflections on a Multicultural Society</a></i>. <a href="/wiki/W.W._Norton" class="mw-redirect" title="W.W. Norton">W.W. Norton</a>, revised edition. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0393318540" title="Special:BookSources/0393318540">0393318540</a>.</li> <li>Debra L. Schultz (1993). <i>To Reclaim a Legacy of Diversity: Analyzing the "Political Correctness" Debates in Higher Education.</i> New York: National Council for Research on Women. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1880547137" title="Special:BookSources/978-1880547137">978-1880547137</a>.</li> <li>John Wilson (1995). <i>The Myth of Political Correctness: The Conservative Attack on High Education.</i> Durham, North Carolina: <a href="/wiki/Duke_University_Press" title="Duke University Press">Duke University Press</a>. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8223-1713-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8223-1713-5">978-0-8223-1713-5</a>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Political_correctness&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237033735"><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/40px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/60px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/80px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Look up <i><b><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/political_correctness" class="extiw" title="wiktionary:political correctness">political correctness</a></b></i>, <i><b><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/patriotic_correctness" class="extiw" title="wiktionary:patriotic correctness">patriotic correctness</a></b></i>, <i><b><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/politically_incorrect" class="extiw" title="wiktionary:politically incorrect">politically incorrect</a></b></i>, or <i><b><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/politically_correct" class="extiw" title="wiktionary:politically correct">politically correct</a></b></i> in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/24px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span> Media related to <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Political_correctness" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Political correctness">Political correctness</a> at Wikimedia Commons</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output 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.mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Discrimination" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Discrimination" title="Template:Discrimination"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Discrimination" title="Template talk:Discrimination"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Discrimination" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Discrimination"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Discrimination" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Discrimination" title="Discrimination">Discrimination</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Forms</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Institutional_discrimination" title="Institutional discrimination">Institutional</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Structural_discrimination" title="Structural discrimination">Structural</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Statistical_discrimination_(economics)" title="Statistical discrimination (economics)">Statistical</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taste-based_discrimination" title="Taste-based discrimination">Taste-based</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Attributes</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0;padding:0.26em 0; line-height:1.5em; background:transparent;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ageism" title="Ageism">Age</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caste" title="Caste">Caste</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Class_discrimination" title="Class discrimination">Class</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dialect_discrimination" title="Dialect discrimination">Dialect</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ableism" title="Ableism">Disability</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Genetic_discrimination" title="Genetic discrimination">Genetic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Discrimination_based_on_hair_texture" title="Discrimination based on hair texture">Hair texture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Height_discrimination" title="Height discrimination">Height</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Linguistic_discrimination" title="Linguistic discrimination">Language</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lookism" title="Lookism">Looks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sanism" title="Sanism">Mental disorder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Racism" title="Racism">Race / Ethnicity</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Discrimination_based_on_skin_tone" title="Discrimination based on skin tone">Skin color</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scientific_racism" title="Scientific racism">Scientific racism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rankism" title="Rankism">Rank</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sexism" title="Sexism">Sex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sexual_orientation_discrimination" title="Sexual orientation discrimination">Sexual orientation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Speciesism" title="Speciesism">Species</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sizeism" title="Sizeism">Size</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Viewpoint_discrimination" title="Viewpoint discrimination">Viewpoint</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Social</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arophobia" class="mw-redirect" title="Arophobia">Arophobia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Discrimination_against_asexual_people" title="Discrimination against asexual people">Acephobia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adultism" title="Adultism">Adultism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persecution_of_people_with_albinism" title="Persecution of people with albinism">Anti-albinism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Discrimination_against_autistic_people" title="Discrimination against autistic people">Anti-autism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Discrimination_against_homeless_people" title="Discrimination against homeless people">Anti-homelessness</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Discrimination_against_drug_addicts" title="Discrimination against drug addicts">Anti-drug addicts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-intellectualism" title="Anti-intellectualism">Anti-intellectualism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Discrimination_against_intersex_people" title="Discrimination against intersex people">Anti-intersex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bias_against_left-handed_people" title="Bias against left-handed people">Anti-left handedness</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Masonry" title="Anti-Masonry">Anti-Masonry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aporophobia" title="Aporophobia">Aporophobia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Audism" title="Audism">Audism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biphobia" title="Biphobia">Biphobia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clannism" class="mw-redirect" title="Clannism">Clannism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elitism" title="Elitism">Elitism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ephebiphobia" title="Ephebiphobia">Ephebiphobia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_determinants_of_health" title="Social determinants of health">Social determinants of health</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_determinants_of_health_in_poverty" title="Social determinants of health in poverty">Social determinants of health in poverty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_determinants_of_mental_health" title="Social determinants of mental health">Social determinants of mental health</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_stigma_of_obesity" title="Social stigma of obesity">Fatphobia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Discrimination_against_gay_men" title="Discrimination against gay men">Gayphobia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gerontophobia" title="Gerontophobia">Gerontophobia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heterosexism" title="Heterosexism">Heterosexism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Discrimination_against_people_with_HIV/AIDS" title="Discrimination against people with HIV/AIDS">HIV/AIDS stigma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Homophobia" title="Homophobia">Homophobia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leprosy_stigma" title="Leprosy stigma">Leprosy stigma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lesbophobia" class="mw-redirect" title="Lesbophobia">Lesbophobia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Discrimination_against_men" title="Discrimination against men">Discrimination against men</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Misandry" title="Misandry">Misandry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Misogyny" title="Misogyny">Misogyny</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nepotism" title="Nepotism">Nepotism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fear_of_children" title="Fear of children">Pedophobia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Perpetual_foreigner" title="Perpetual foreigner">Perpetual foreigner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pregnancy_discrimination" title="Pregnancy discrimination">Pregnancy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sectarianism" title="Sectarianism">Sectarianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Supremacism" title="Supremacism">Supremacism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/White_supremacy" title="White supremacy">White</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patriarchy" title="Patriarchy">Male</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transphobia" title="Transphobia">Transphobia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/21st-century_anti-trans_movement_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="21st-century anti-trans movement in the United Kingdom">21st-century anti-trans movement in the United Kingdom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Discrimination_against_non-binary_people" title="Discrimination against non-binary people">Non-binary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transmisogyny" title="Transmisogyny">Transmisogyny</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Discrimination_against_transgender_men" title="Discrimination against transgender men">Trans men</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vegaphobia" title="Vegaphobia">Vegaphobia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xenophobia" title="Xenophobia">Xenophobia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Religious_discrimination" title="Religious discrimination">Religious</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Discrimination_against_atheists" title="Discrimination against atheists">Atheism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Exclusivism#Religious_exclusivism" title="Exclusivism">Exclusivism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persecution_of_Bah%C3%A1%CA%BC%C3%ADs" title="Persecution of Baháʼís">Baháʼí Faith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persecution_of_Buddhists" title="Persecution of Buddhists">Buddhism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Christian_sentiment" title="Anti-Christian sentiment">Christianity</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Persecution_of_Christians" title="Persecution of Christians">Persecution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Catholicism" title="Anti-Catholicism">Catholicism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persecution_of_Eastern_Orthodox_Christians" title="Persecution of Eastern Orthodox Christians">Eastern Orthodoxy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persecution_of_Jehovah%27s_Witnesses" title="Persecution of Jehovah's Witnesses">Jehovah's Witnesses</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Mormonism" title="Anti-Mormonism">LDS or Mormon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persecution_of_Christians_in_the_post%E2%80%93Cold_War_era" title="Persecution of Christians in the post–Cold War era">post–Cold War era</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persecution_of_Falun_Gong" title="Persecution of Falun Gong">Falun Gong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Hindu_sentiment" title="Anti-Hindu sentiment">Hinduism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Persecution_of_Hindus" title="Persecution of Hindus">Persecution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Untouchability" title="Untouchability">Untouchability</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamophobia" title="Islamophobia">Islam</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Persecution_of_Muslims" title="Persecution of Muslims">Persecution</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Persecution_of_Ahmadis" title="Persecution of Ahmadis">Ahmadiyya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Shi%27ism" title="Anti-Shi'ism">Shi'ism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persecution_of_Sufis" title="Persecution of Sufis">Sufism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Sunnism" title="Anti-Sunnism">Sunnism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persecution_of_minority_Muslim_groups" title="Persecution of minority Muslim groups">minority Muslim</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religious_antisemitism" title="Religious antisemitism">Judaism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Persecution_of_Jews" title="Persecution of Jews">Persecution</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religious_discrimination_against_modern_pagans" title="Religious discrimination against modern pagans">Neopaganism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Protestantism" title="Anti-Protestantism">Protestantism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persecution_of_Rastafari" title="Persecution of Rastafari">Rastafari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Sikh_sentiment" title="Anti-Sikh sentiment">Sikhism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persecution_of_Yazidis" title="Persecution of Yazidis">Yazidism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persecution_of_Zoroastrians" title="Persecution of Zoroastrians">Zoroastrianism</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Ethnic/<a href="/wiki/Discrimination_based_on_nationality" title="Discrimination based on nationality">National</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Afghan_sentiment" title="Anti-Afghan sentiment">Afghan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-African_sentiment" title="Anti-African sentiment">African</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Albanian_sentiment" title="Anti-Albanian sentiment">Albanian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Arab_racism" title="Anti-Arab racism">Arab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Armenian_sentiment" title="Anti-Armenian sentiment">Armenian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Racism_against_Asians" title="Racism against Asians">Asian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Asian_racism_in_France" title="Anti-Asian racism in France">France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Asian_racism_in_post-Apartheid_South_Africa" class="mw-redirect" title="Anti-Asian racism in post-Apartheid South Africa">South Africa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Asian_racism_in_the_United_States" class="mw-redirect" title="Anti-Asian racism in the United States">United States</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Assyrian_sentiment" title="Anti-Assyrian sentiment">Assyrian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Azerbaijani_sentiment" title="Anti-Azerbaijani sentiment">Azerbaijani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Negrophobia" class="mw-redirect" title="Negrophobia">Black people</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Racism_against_African_Americans" title="Racism against African Americans">African Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-black_discrimination_in_China" class="mw-redirect" title="Anti-black discrimination in China">China</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-black_racism_in_South_Africa" class="mw-redirect" title="Anti-black racism in South Africa">South Africa</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Bengali_sentiment_in_India" class="mw-redirect" title="Anti-Bengali sentiment in India">Bengali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_for_the_Protection_of_Macedonian_National_Honor" class="mw-redirect" title="Law for the Protection of Macedonian National Honor">Bulgarian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Catalan_sentiment" title="Anti-Catalan sentiment">Catalan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Chechen_sentiment" title="Anti-Chechen sentiment">Chechen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Chinese_sentiment" title="Anti-Chinese sentiment">Chinese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Colombian_sentiment" title="Anti-Colombian sentiment">Colombian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Croat_sentiment" title="Anti-Croat sentiment">Croat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Filipino_sentiment" title="Anti-Filipino sentiment">Filipino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Fulani_sentiment" title="Anti-Fulani sentiment">Fulani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Finnish_sentiment" title="Anti-Finnish sentiment">Finnish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Georgian_sentiment" title="Anti-Georgian sentiment">Georgian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Greek_sentiment" title="Anti-Greek sentiment">Greek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antihaitianismo" class="mw-redirect" title="Antihaitianismo">Haitian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persecution_of_Hazaras" title="Persecution of Hazaras">Hazara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Hungarian_sentiment" title="Anti-Hungarian sentiment">Hungarian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Igbo_sentiment" title="Anti-Igbo sentiment">Igbo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Indian_sentiment" title="Anti-Indian sentiment">Indian</a></li> <li>Indigenous people <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anti-indigenous_racism_in_Australia" class="mw-redirect" title="Anti-indigenous racism in Australia">Australia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-indigenous_racism_in_Canada" class="mw-redirect" title="Anti-indigenous racism in Canada">Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-indigenous_racism_in_the_United_States" class="mw-redirect" title="Anti-indigenous racism in the United States">United States</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Irish_sentiment" title="Anti-Irish sentiment">Irish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Italianism" title="Anti-Italianism">Italian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Japanese_sentiment" title="Anti-Japanese sentiment">Japanese</a></li> <li>Jewish <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Antisemitism" title="Antisemitism">Antisemitism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_antisemitism" title="New antisemitism">New</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Korean_sentiment" title="Anti-Korean sentiment">Korean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Kurdish_sentiment" title="Anti-Kurdish sentiment">Kurdish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Lithuanian_sentiment" title="Anti-Lithuanian sentiment">Lithuanian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Malay_sentiment" title="Anti-Malay sentiment">Malay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-M%C4%81ori_sentiment" title="Anti-Māori sentiment">Māori</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Mexican_sentiment" title="Anti-Mexican sentiment">Mexican</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti%E2%80%93Middle_Eastern_sentiment" title="Anti–Middle Eastern sentiment">Middle Eastern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Mongolianism" title="Anti-Mongolianism">Mongolian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Nigerian_sentiment" title="Anti-Nigerian sentiment">Nigerian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Pakistan_sentiment" title="Anti-Pakistan sentiment">Pakistani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Palestinianism" title="Anti-Palestinianism">Palestinians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Pashtun_sentiment" title="Anti-Pashtun sentiment">Pashtun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Polish_sentiment" title="Anti-Polish sentiment">Polish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Quebec_sentiment" title="Anti-Quebec sentiment">Quebec</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Romani_sentiment" title="Anti-Romani sentiment">Romani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Romanian_sentiment" title="Anti-Romanian sentiment">Romanian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Scottish_sentiment" title="Anti-Scottish sentiment">Scottish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Serb_sentiment" title="Anti-Serb sentiment">Serb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Slavic_sentiment" title="Anti-Slavic sentiment">Slavic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Somali_sentiment" title="Anti-Somali sentiment">Somali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tatarophobia" title="Tatarophobia">Tatar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Thai_sentiment" title="Anti-Thai sentiment">Thai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Turkish_sentiment" title="Anti-Turkish sentiment">Turkish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Ukrainian_sentiment" title="Anti-Ukrainian sentiment">Ukrainian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Uyghur_sentiment" class="mw-redirect" title="Anti-Uyghur sentiment">Uyghur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_incidents_of_xenophobia_during_the_Venezuelan_refugee_crisis" title="List of incidents of xenophobia during the Venezuelan refugee crisis">Venezuelan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Vietnamese_sentiment" title="Anti-Vietnamese sentiment">Vietnamese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Welsh_sentiment" class="mw-redirect" title="Anti-Welsh sentiment">Welsh</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Manifestations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0;padding:0.26em 0; line-height:1.5em; background:transparent;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anti-LGBTQ_rhetoric" title="Anti-LGBTQ rhetoric">Anti-LGBTQ rhetoric</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_organizations_designated_by_the_Southern_Poverty_Law_Center_as_anti-LGBTQ_hate_groups" title="List of organizations designated by the Southern Poverty Law Center as anti-LGBTQ hate groups">SPLC-designated list of anti-LGBTQ hate groups</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2020s_anti-LGBTQ_movement_in_the_United_States" title="2020s anti-LGBTQ movement in the United States">Anti-LGBTQ movemenet in the US</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/21st-century_anti-trans_movement_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="21st-century anti-trans movement in the United Kingdom">Anti-trans movement in the UK</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Zionism" title="Anti-Zionism">Anti-Zionism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blood_libel" title="Blood libel">Blood libel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bullying" title="Bullying">Bullying</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cancel_culture" title="Cancel culture">Cancel culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capital_punishment_for_homosexuality" title="Capital punishment for homosexuality">Capital punishment for homosexuality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Compulsory_sterilization" title="Compulsory sterilization">Compulsory sterilization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corrective_rape" title="Corrective rape">Corrective rape</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Counter-jihad" title="Counter-jihad">Counter-jihad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cultural_genocide" title="Cultural genocide">Cultural genocide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Defamation" title="Defamation">Defamation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Democide" title="Democide">Democide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Disability_hate_crime" title="Disability hate crime">Disability hate crime</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dog_whistle_(politics)" title="Dog whistle (politics)">Dog whistle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Domicide" title="Domicide">Domicide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economic_discrimination" title="Economic discrimination">Economic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Discrimination_in_education" title="Discrimination in education">Education</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Employment_discrimination" title="Employment discrimination">Employment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eliminationism" title="Eliminationism">Eliminationism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enemy_of_the_people" title="Enemy of the people">Enemy of the people</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethnic_cleansing" title="Ethnic cleansing">Ethnic cleansing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethnic_conflict" title="Ethnic conflict">Ethnic conflict</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethnic_hatred" title="Ethnic hatred">Ethnic hatred</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethnic_joke" title="Ethnic joke">Ethnic joke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethnocide" title="Ethnocide">Ethnocide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Discrimination_of_excellence" title="Discrimination of excellence">Excellence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gender-based_dress_codes" title="Gender-based dress codes">Gender-based dress codes</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cosmetics_policy" title="Cosmetics policy">Cosmetics policy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/High_heel_policy" title="High heel policy">High heel policy</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Forced_conversion" title="Forced conversion">Forced conversion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freak_show" title="Freak show">Freak show</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gay_bashing" title="Gay bashing">Gay bashing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gendercide" title="Gendercide">Gendercide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Genital_modification_and_mutilation" title="Genital modification and mutilation">Genital modification and mutilation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Genocide" title="Genocide">Genocide</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Genocides_in_history" title="Genocides in history">examples</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glass_ceiling" title="Glass ceiling">Glass ceiling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hate_crime" title="Hate crime">Hate crime</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Violence_against_LGBTQ_people" title="Violence against LGBTQ people">LGBTQ</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hate_group" title="Hate group">Hate group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hate_speech" title="Hate speech">Hate speech</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patient_dumping" title="Patient dumping">Homeless dumping</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Housing_discrimination" title="Housing discrimination">Housing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_rolling" title="Indian rolling">Indian rolling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kill_Haole_Day" title="Kill Haole Day">Kill Haole Day</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lavender_scare" class="mw-redirect" title="Lavender scare">Lavender scare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LGBTQ_grooming_conspiracy_theory" title="LGBTQ grooming conspiracy theory">LGBTQ grooming conspiracy theory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_people_killed_for_being_transgender" title="List of people killed for being transgender">List of people killed for being transgender</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lynching" title="Lynching">Lynching</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mortgage_discrimination" title="Mortgage discrimination">Mortgage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stop_Murder_Music" title="Stop Murder Music">Murder music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Native_American_mascot_controversy" title="Native American mascot controversy">Native American mascots</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Occupational_segregation" title="Occupational segregation">Occupational segregation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Opposition_to_immigration" title="Opposition to immigration">Opposition to immigration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paper_genocide" title="Paper genocide">Paper genocide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persecution" title="Persecution">Persecution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pogrom" title="Pogrom">Pogrom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Political_repression" title="Political repression">Political repression</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Purge" title="Purge">Purge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Racialization" title="Racialization">Racialization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religious_persecution" title="Religious persecution">Religious persecution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religious_terrorism" title="Religious terrorism">Religious terrorism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religious_violence" title="Religious violence">Religious violence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religious_war" title="Religious war">Religious war</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scapegoating" title="Scapegoating">Scapegoating</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Segregation_academy" title="Segregation academy">Segregation academy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sexual_harassment" title="Sexual harassment">Sexual harassment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sex-selective_abortion" title="Sex-selective abortion">Sex-selective abortion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slut-shaming" title="Slut-shaming">Slut-shaming</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Violence_against_transgender_people" title="Violence against transgender people">Trans bashing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Victimisation" title="Victimisation">Victimisation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Violence_against_women" title="Violence against women">Violence against women</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_flight" title="White flight">White flight</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_genocide_conspiracy_theory" title="White genocide conspiracy theory">White genocide conspiracy theory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wife_selling" title="Wife selling">Wife selling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Witch_hunt" title="Witch hunt">Witch hunt</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Discriminatory<br />policies</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Age_of_candidacy" title="Age of candidacy">Age of candidacy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Limpieza_de_sangre" title="Limpieza de sangre">Blood purity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blood_quantum_laws" title="Blood quantum laws">Blood quantum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crime_of_apartheid" title="Crime of apartheid">Crime of apartheid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Disability" title="Disability">Disabilities</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Disabilities_(Catholics)" title="Disabilities (Catholics)">Catholic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_disabilities" class="mw-redirect" title="Jewish disabilities">Jewish</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gender_pay_gap" title="Gender pay gap">Gender pay gap</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gender_role" title="Gender role">Gender roles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gerontocracy" title="Gerontocracy">Gerontocracy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gerrymandering" title="Gerrymandering">Gerrymandering</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ghetto_benches" title="Ghetto benches">Ghetto benches</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Internment" title="Internment">Internment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_quota" title="Jewish quota">Jewish quota</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_for_Protection_of_the_Nation" title="Law for Protection of the Nation">Law for Protection of the Nation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blood_donation_restrictions_on_men_who_have_sex_with_men" title="Blood donation restrictions on men who have sex with men">MSM blood donation restrictions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/No_kid_zone" title="No kid zone">No kid zone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Numerus_clausus" title="Numerus clausus"><i>Numerus clausus</i> (as religious or racial quota)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/One-drop_rule" title="One-drop rule">One-drop rule</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Racial_quota" title="Racial quota">Racial quota</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Racial_segregation" title="Racial segregation">Racial segregation</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jim_Crow_laws" title="Jim Crow laws">Jim Crow laws</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nuremberg_Laws" title="Nuremberg Laws">Nuremberg Laws</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Racial_steering" title="Racial steering">Racial steering</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Redlining" title="Redlining">Redlining</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Same-sex_marriage" title="Same-sex marriage">Same-sex marriage (laws and issues prohibiting)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geographical_segregation" title="Geographical segregation">Segregation</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Age_segregation" title="Age segregation">age</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Racial_segregation" title="Racial segregation">racial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religious_segregation" title="Religious segregation">religious</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sex_segregation" title="Sex segregation">sexual</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_exclusion" title="Social exclusion">Social exclusion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sodomy_law" title="Sodomy law">Sodomy law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_atheism" title="State atheism">State atheism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_religion" title="State religion">State religion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ugly_law" title="Ugly law">Ugly law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Voter_suppression" title="Voter suppression">Voter suppression</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Countermeasures</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0;padding:0.26em 0; line-height:1.5em; background:transparent;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Affirmative_action" title="Affirmative action">Affirmative action</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-discrimination_law" title="Anti-discrimination law">Anti-discrimination law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-racism" title="Anti-racism">Anti-racism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constitutional_colorblindness" title="Constitutional colorblindness">Constitutional colorblindness</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cultural_assimilation" title="Cultural assimilation">Cultural assimilation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cultural_pluralism" title="Cultural pluralism">Cultural pluralism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diversity,_equity,_and_inclusion" title="Diversity, equity, and inclusion">Diversity, equity, and inclusion</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Diversity_training" title="Diversity training">Diversity training</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Empowerment" title="Empowerment">Empowerment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fat_acceptance_movement" title="Fat acceptance movement">Fat acceptance movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feminism" title="Feminism">Feminism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fighting_Discrimination" title="Fighting Discrimination">Fighting Discrimination</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hate_speech_laws_by_country" title="Hate speech laws by country">Hate speech laws by country</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_rights" title="Human rights">Human rights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intersex_human_rights" title="Intersex human rights">Intersex human rights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LGBT_rights_by_country_or_territory" class="mw-redirect" title="LGBT rights by country or territory">LGBT rights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nonviolence" title="Nonviolence">Nonviolence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Racial_integration" title="Racial integration">Racial integration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reappropriation" title="Reappropriation">Reappropriation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Self-determination" title="Self-determination">Self-determination</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_integration" title="Social integration">Social integration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toleration" title="Toleration">Toleration</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;padding:0.26em 0; line-height:1.5em; background:transparent;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Allophilia" title="Allophilia">Allophilia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amatonormativity" title="Amatonormativity">Amatonormativity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bias" title="Bias">Bias</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cisnormativity" title="Cisnormativity">Cisnormativity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Civil_liberties" title="Civil liberties">Civil liberties</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dehumanization" title="Dehumanization">Dehumanization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diversity_(politics)" title="Diversity (politics)">Diversity</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Multiculturalism" title="Multiculturalism">Multiculturalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neurodiversity" title="Neurodiversity">Neurodiversity</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethnic_penalty" title="Ethnic penalty">Ethnic penalty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Figleaf_(linguistics)" title="Figleaf (linguistics)">Figleaf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gender-blind" title="Gender-blind">Gender-blind</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heteronormativity" title="Heteronormativity">Heteronormativity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_eugenics" title="History of eugenics">Historical eugenics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Internalized_oppression" title="Internalized oppression">Internalized oppression</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intersectionality" title="Intersectionality">Intersectionality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Masculism" title="Masculism">Masculism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Medical_model_of_disability" title="Medical model of disability">Medical model of disability</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Medical_model_of_autism" class="mw-redirect" title="Medical model of autism">autism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Net_bias" title="Net bias">Net bias</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oikophobia" title="Oikophobia">Oikophobia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oppression" title="Oppression">Oppression</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Police_brutality" title="Police brutality">Police brutality</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Political correctness</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polyculturalism" title="Polyculturalism">Polyculturalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Power_distance" title="Power distance">Power distance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prejudice" title="Prejudice">Prejudice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prisoner_abuse" title="Prisoner abuse">Prisoner abuse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Racial_bias_in_criminal_news_in_the_United_States" title="Racial bias in criminal news in the United States">Racial bias in criminal news in the United States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Racism_by_country" title="Racism by country">Racism by country</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Racial_color_blindness" title="Racial color blindness">Racial color blindness</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religious_intolerance" title="Religious intolerance">Religious intolerance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reverse_discrimination" title="Reverse discrimination">Reverse discrimination</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Reverse_racism" title="Reverse racism">Reverse racism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second-generation_gender_bias" title="Second-generation gender bias">Second-generation gender bias</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Snob" title="Snob">Snobbery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_exclusion" title="Social exclusion">Social exclusion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_identity_threat" title="Social identity threat">Social identity threat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_model_of_disability" title="Social model of disability">Social model of disability</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_privilege" title="Social privilege">Social privilege</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Christian_privilege" title="Christian privilege">Christian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Male_privilege" title="Male privilege">male</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_privilege" title="White privilege">white</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_stigma" title="Social stigma">Social stigma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Speciesism" title="Speciesism">Speciesism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stereotype" title="Stereotype">Stereotype</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Stereotype_threat" title="Stereotype threat">threat</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_talk_(racism_in_the_United_States)" title="The talk (racism in the United States)">The talk</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="font-weight: bold;"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" 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