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carrier</title> <meta name="description" content="Search results for: Component carrier"> <meta name="keywords" content="Component carrier"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, minimum-scale=1, maximum-scale=1, user-scalable=no"> <meta charset="utf-8"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" rel="shortcut icon"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/fontawesome/css/all.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/css/site.css?v=150220211555" rel="stylesheet"> </head> <body> <header> <div class="container"> <nav class="navbar navbar-expand-lg navbar-light"> <a class="navbar-brand" href="https://waset.org"> <img src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/images/wasetc.png" alt="Open Science Research Excellence" title="Open Science Research Excellence" /> </a> <button class="d-block d-lg-none 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action="https://publications.waset.org/search"> <div id="custom-search-input"> <div class="input-group"> <i class="fas fa-search"></i> <input type="text" class="search-query" name="q" placeholder="Author, Title, Abstract, Keywords" value="Component carrier"> <input type="submit" class="btn_search" value="Search"> </div> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div class="row mt-3"> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Commenced</strong> in January 2007</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Frequency:</strong> Monthly</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Edition:</strong> International</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Paper Count:</strong> 1117</div> </div> </div> </div> <h1 class="mt-3 mb-3 text-center" style="font-size:1.6rem;">Search results for: Component carrier</h1> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1117</span> An Image Encryption Method with Magnitude and Phase Manipulation using Carrier Images</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=S.%20R.%20M.%20Prasanna">S. R. M. Prasanna</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Y.%20V.%20Subba%20Rao"> Y. V. Subba Rao</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=A.%20Mitra"> A. Mitra</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> We describe an effective method for image encryption which employs magnitude and phase manipulation using carrier images. Although it involves traditional methods like magnitude and phase encryptions, the novelty of this work lies in deploying the concept of carrier images for encryption purpose. To this end, a carrier image is randomly chosen from a set of stored images. One dimensional (1-D) discrete Fourier transform (DFT) is then carried out on the original image to be encrypted along with the carrier image. Row wise spectral addition and scaling is performed between the magnitude spectra of the original and carrier images by randomly selecting the rows. Similarly, row wise phase addition and scaling is performed between the original and carrier images phase spectra by randomly selecting the rows. The encrypted image obtained by these two operations is further subjected to one more level of magnitude and phase manipulation using another randomly chosen carrier image by 1-D DFT along the columns. The resulting encrypted image is found to be fully distorted, resulting in increasing the robustness of the proposed work. Further, applying the reverse process at the receiver, the decrypted image is found to be distortionless. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Encryption" title="Encryption">Encryption</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Carrier%20images" title=" Carrier images"> Carrier images</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Magnitude%20manipulation" title=" Magnitude manipulation"> Magnitude manipulation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Phase%20manipulation." title="Phase manipulation.">Phase manipulation.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/14587/an-image-encryption-method-with-magnitude-and-phase-manipulation-using-carrier-images" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/14587/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/14587/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/14587/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/14587/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/14587/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/14587/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/14587/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/14587/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/14587/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/14587/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/14587.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">1598</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1116</span> A novel Iterative Approach for Phase Noise Cancellation in Multi-Carrier Code Division Multiple Access (MC-CDMA) Systems </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Joumana%20Farah">Joumana Farah</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Fran%C3%A7ois%20Marx"> François Marx</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Clovis%20Francis"> Clovis Francis</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p>The aim of this paper is to emphasize and alleviate the effect of phase noise due to imperfect local oscillators on the performances of a Multi-Carrier CDMA system. After the cancellation of Common Phase Error (CPE), an iterative approach is introduced which iteratively estimates Inter-Carrier Interference (ICI) components in the frequency domain and cancels their contribution in the time domain. Simulation are conducted in order to investigate the achievable performances for several parameters, such as the spreading factor, the modulation order, the phase noise power and the transmission Signal-to-Noise Ratio.</p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Inter-carrier%20Interference" title="Inter-carrier Interference">Inter-carrier Interference</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Multi-Carrier%20Code%20DivisionMultiple%20Access" title=" Multi-Carrier Code DivisionMultiple Access"> Multi-Carrier Code DivisionMultiple Access</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Orthogonal%20Frequency%20Division%20Multiplexing" title=" Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing"> Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Phase%20noise." title="Phase noise.">Phase noise.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/1573/a-novel-iterative-approach-for-phase-noise-cancellation-in-multi-carrier-code-division-multiple-access-mc-cdma-systems" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/1573/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/1573/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/1573/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/1573/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/1573/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/1573/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/1573/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/1573/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/1573/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/1573/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/1573.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">1555</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1115</span> Solving Differential's Equation of Carrier Load on Semiconductor</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Morteza%20Amirabadi">Morteza Amirabadi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Vahid%20Fayaz">Vahid Fayaz </a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Fereshteh%20Felegary"> Fereshteh Felegary</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Hossien%20Hossienkhani"> Hossien Hossienkhani</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The most suitable Semiconductor detector, Cadmium Zinc Teloraid , has unique properties because of high Atomic number and wide Brand Gap . It has been tried in this project with different processes such as Lead , Diffusion , Produce and Recombination , effect of Trapping and injection carrier of CdZnTe , to get hole and then present a complete answer of it . Then we should investigate the movement of carrier ( Electron – Hole ) by using above answer. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Semiconcuctor%20detector" title="Semiconcuctor detector">Semiconcuctor detector</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Trapping" title=" Trapping"> Trapping</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Recommbination" title=" Recommbination"> Recommbination</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Diffusion" title=" Diffusion"> Diffusion</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10727/solving-differentials-equation-of-carrier-load-on-semiconductor" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10727/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10727/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10727/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10727/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10727/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10727/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10727/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10727/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10727/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10727/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10727.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">1453</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1114</span> Power Line Carrier for Power Telemetering</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Tosaphol%20Ratniyomchai">Tosaphol Ratniyomchai</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Uthai%20Jaithong"> Uthai Jaithong</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Thanatchai%20Kulworawanichpong"> Thanatchai Kulworawanichpong</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper presents an application of power line carrier (PLC) for electrical power telemetering. This system has a special capability of transmitting the measured values to a centralized computer via power lines. The PLC modem as a passive high-pass filter is designed for transmitting and receiving information. Its function is to send the information carrier together with transmitted data by superimposing it on the 50 Hz power frequency signal. A microcontroller is employed to function as the main processing of the modem. It is programmed for PLC control and interfacing with other devices. Each power meter, connected via a PLC modem, is assigned with a unique identification number (address) for distinguishing each device from one another. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Power%20telemetering" title="Power telemetering">Power telemetering</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Power%20line%20carrier" title=" Power line carrier"> Power line carrier</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=High-passfilter" title=" High-passfilter"> High-passfilter</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Digital%20data%20transmission" title=" Digital data transmission"> Digital data transmission</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/3301/power-line-carrier-for-power-telemetering" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/3301/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/3301/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/3301/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/3301/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/3301/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/3301/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/3301/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/3301/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/3301/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/3301/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/3301.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">2969</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1113</span> Application of Liquid Emulsion Membrane Technique for the Removal of Cadmium(II) from Aqueous Solutions Using Aliquat 336 as a Carrier</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=B.%20Medjahed">B. Medjahed</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=M.%20A.%20Didi"> M. A. Didi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=B.%20Guezzen"> B. Guezzen</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In the present work, emulsion liquid membrane (ELM) technique was applied for the extraction of cadmium(II) present in aqueous samples. Aliquat 336 (Chloride tri-N-octylmethylammonium) was used as carrier to extract cadmium(II). The main objective of this work is to investigate the influence of various parameters affected the ELM formation and its stability and testing the performance of the prepared ELM on removal of cadmium by using synthetic solution with different concentrations. Experiments were conducted to optimize pH of the feed solution and it was found that cadmium(II) can be extracted at pH 6.5. The influence of the carrier concentration and treat ratio on the extraction process was investigated. The obtained results showed that the optimal values are respectively 3% (Aliquat 336) and a ratio (feed: emulsion) equal to 1:1. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Cadmium" title="Cadmium">Cadmium</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=carrier" title=" carrier"> carrier</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=emulsion%20liquid%20membrane" title=" emulsion liquid membrane"> emulsion liquid membrane</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=surfactant." title=" surfactant."> surfactant.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10006359/application-of-liquid-emulsion-membrane-technique-for-the-removal-of-cadmiumii-from-aqueous-solutions-using-aliquat-336-as-a-carrier" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10006359/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10006359/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10006359/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10006359/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10006359/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10006359/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10006359/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10006359/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10006359/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10006359/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10006359.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">1278</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1112</span> Investigation of the Unbiased Characteristic of Doppler Frequency to Different Antenna Array Geometries</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Somayeh%20Komeylian">Somayeh Komeylian</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p>Array signal processing techniques have been recently developing in a variety application of the performance enhancement of receivers by refraining the power of jamming and interference signals. In this scenario, biases induced to the antenna array receiver degrade significantly the accurate estimation of the carrier phase. Owing to the integration of frequency becomes the carrier phase, we have obtained the unbiased doppler frequency for the high precision estimation of carrier phase. The unbiased characteristic of Doppler frequency to the power jamming and the other interference signals allows achieving the highly accurate estimation of phase carrier. In this study, we have rigorously investigated the unbiased characteristic of Doppler frequency to the variation of the antenna array geometries. The simulation results have efficiently verified that the Doppler frequency remains also unbiased and accurate to the variation of antenna array geometries.</p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Array%20signal%20processing" title="Array signal processing">Array signal processing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=unbiased%20Doppler%20frequency" title=" unbiased Doppler frequency"> unbiased Doppler frequency</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=GNSS" title=" GNSS"> GNSS</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=carrier%20phase" title=" carrier phase"> carrier phase</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=slowly%20fluctuating%20point%20target." title=" slowly fluctuating point target. "> slowly fluctuating point target. </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10011713/investigation-of-the-unbiased-characteristic-of-doppler-frequency-to-different-antenna-array-geometries" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10011713/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10011713/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10011713/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10011713/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10011713/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10011713/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10011713/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10011713/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10011713/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10011713/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10011713.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">900</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1111</span> Deployment of Beyond 4G Wireless Communication Networks with Carrier Aggregation</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Bahram%20Khan">Bahram Khan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Anderson%20Rocha%20Ramos"> Anderson Rocha Ramos</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Rui%20R.%20Paulo"> Rui R. Paulo</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Fernando%20J.%20Velez"> Fernando J. Velez</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> With the growing demand for a new blend of applications, the users dependency on the internet is increasing day by day. Mobile internet users are giving more attention to their own experiences, especially in terms of communication reliability, high data rates and service stability on move. This increase in the demand is causing saturation of existing radio frequency bands. To address these challenges, researchers are investigating the best approaches, Carrier Aggregation (CA) is one of the newest innovations, which seems to fulfill the demands of the future spectrum, also CA is one the most important feature for Long Term Evolution - Advanced (LTE-Advanced). For this purpose to get the upcoming International Mobile Telecommunication Advanced (IMT-Advanced) mobile requirements (1 Gb/s peak data rate), the CA scheme is presented by 3GPP, which would sustain a high data rate using widespread frequency bandwidth up to 100 MHz. Technical issues such as aggregation structure, its implementations, deployment scenarios, control signal techniques, and challenges for CA technique in LTE-Advanced, with consideration of backward compatibility, are highlighted in this paper. Also, performance evaluation in macro-cellular scenarios through a simulation approach is presented, which shows the benefits of applying CA, low-complexity multi-band schedulers in service quality, system capacity enhancement and concluded that enhanced multi-band scheduler is less complex than the general multi-band scheduler, which performs better for a cell radius longer than 1800 m (and a PLR threshold of 2%). <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Component%20carrier" title="Component carrier">Component carrier</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=carrier%20aggregation" title=" carrier aggregation"> carrier aggregation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=LTE-Advanced" title=" LTE-Advanced"> LTE-Advanced</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=scheduling" title=" scheduling"> scheduling</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=spectrum%20management." title=" spectrum management."> spectrum management.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10011879/deployment-of-beyond-4g-wireless-communication-networks-with-carrier-aggregation" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10011879/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10011879/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10011879/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10011879/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10011879/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10011879/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10011879/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10011879/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10011879/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10011879/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10011879.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">562</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1110</span> Effects of Double Delta Doping on Millimeter and Sub-millimeter Wave Response of Two-Dimensional Hot Electrons in GaAs Nanostructures</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=N.%20Basanta%20Singh">N. Basanta Singh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Sanjoy%20Deb"> Sanjoy Deb</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=G.%20P%20Mishra"> G. P Mishra</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Subir%20Kumar%20Sarkar"> Subir Kumar Sarkar</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Carrier mobility has become the most important characteristic of high speed low dimensional devices. Due to development of very fast switching semiconductor devices, speed of computer and communication equipment has been increasing day by day and will continue to do so in future. As the response of any device depends on the carrier motion within the devices, extensive studies of carrier mobility in the devices has been established essential for the growth in the field of low dimensional devices. Small-signal ac transport of degenerate two-dimensional hot electrons in GaAs quantum wells is studied here incorporating deformation potential acoustic, polar optic and ionized impurity scattering in the framework of heated drifted Fermi-Dirac carrier distribution. Delta doping is considered in the calculations to investigate the effects of double delta doping on millimeter and submillimeter wave response of two dimensional hot electrons in GaAs nanostructures. The inclusion of delta doping is found to enhance considerably the two dimensional electron density which in turn improves the carrier mobility (both ac and dc) values in the GaAs quantum wells thereby providing scope of getting higher speed devices in future. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Carrier%20mobility" title="Carrier mobility">Carrier mobility</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Delta%20doping" title=" Delta doping"> Delta doping</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Hot%20carriers" title=" Hot carriers"> Hot carriers</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Quantum%20wells." title="Quantum wells.">Quantum wells.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9269/effects-of-double-delta-doping-on-millimeter-and-sub-millimeter-wave-response-of-two-dimensional-hot-electrons-in-gaas-nanostructures" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9269/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9269/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9269/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9269/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9269/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9269/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9269/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9269/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9269/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9269/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9269.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">1673</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1109</span> Deactivation of Cu - Cr/γ-alumina Catalysts for Combustion of Exhaust Gases</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Krasimir%20Ivanov">Krasimir Ivanov</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Dimitar%20Dimitrov"> Dimitar Dimitrov</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Boyan%20Boyanov"> Boyan Boyanov</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The paper relates to a catalyst, comprising copperchromium spinel, coated on carrier γ-Al2O3. The effect of preparation conditions on the active component composition and activity behavior of the catalysts is discussed. It was found that the activity of carbon monoxide, DME, formaldehyde and methanol oxidation reaches a maximum at an active component content of 20 – 30 wt. %. Temperature calcination at 500oC seems to be optimal for the γ– alumina supported CuO-Cr2O3 catalysts for CO, DME, formaldehyde and methanol oxidation. A three months industrial experiment was carried out to elucidate the changes in the catalyst composition during industrial exploitation of the catalyst and the main reasons for catalyst deactivation. It was concluded that the CuO–Cr2O3/γ–alumina supported catalysts have enhanced activity toward CO, DME, formaldehyde and methanol oxidation and that these catalysts are suitable for industrial application. The main reason for catalyst deactivation seems to be the deposition of iron and molybdenum, coming from the main reactor, on the active component surface. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=catalyst%20deactivation" title="catalyst deactivation">catalyst deactivation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=CuO-Cr2O3%20catalysts" title=" CuO-Cr2O3 catalysts"> CuO-Cr2O3 catalysts</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=deep%0Aoxidation." title=" deep oxidation."> deep oxidation.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6456/deactivation-of-cu-crgh-alumina-catalysts-for-combustion-of-exhaust-gases" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6456/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6456/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6456/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6456/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6456/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6456/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6456/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6456/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6456/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6456/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6456.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">4512</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1108</span> Estimation of Component Reusability through Reusability Metrics</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Aditya%20Pratap%20Singh">Aditya Pratap Singh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Pradeep%20Tomar"> Pradeep Tomar</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p>Software reusability is an essential characteristic of Component-Based Software (CBS). The component reusability is an important assess for the effective reuse of components in CBS. The attributes of reusability proposed by various researchers are studied and four of them are identified as potential factors affecting reusability. This paper proposes metric for reusability estimation of black-box software component along with metrics for Interface Complexity, Understandability, Customizability and Reliability. An experiment is performed for estimation of reusability through a case study on a sample web application using a real world component.</p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Component-based%20software" title="Component-based software">Component-based software</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=component%20reusability" title=" component reusability"> component reusability</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=customizability" title=" customizability"> customizability</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=interface%20complexity" title=" interface complexity"> interface complexity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=reliability" title=" reliability"> reliability</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=understandability." title=" understandability."> understandability.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9999968/estimation-of-component-reusability-through-reusability-metrics" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9999968/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9999968/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9999968/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9999968/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9999968/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9999968/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9999968/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9999968/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9999968/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9999968/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9999968.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">3058</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1107</span> Effect of Fault Depth on Near-Fault Peak Ground Velocity</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Yanyan%20Yu">Yanyan Yu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Haiping%20Ding"> Haiping Ding</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Pengjun%20Chen"> Pengjun Chen</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Yiou%20Sun"> Yiou Sun</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Fault depth is an important parameter to be determined in ground motion simulation, and peak ground velocity (PGV) demonstrates good application prospect. Using numerical simulation method, the variations of distribution and peak value of near-fault PGV with different fault depth were studied in detail, and the reason of some phenomena were discussed. The simulation results show that the distribution characteristics of PGV of fault-parallel (FP) component and fault-normal (FN) component are distinctly different; the value of PGV FN component is much larger than that of FP component. With the increase of fault depth, the distribution region of the FN component strong PGV moves forward along the rupture direction, while the strong PGV zone of FP component becomes gradually far away from the fault trace along the direction perpendicular to the strike. However, no matter FN component or FP component, the strong PGV distribution area and its value are both quickly reduced with increased fault depth. The results above suggest that the fault depth have significant effect on both FN component and FP component of near-fault PGV. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Fault%20depth" title="Fault depth">Fault depth</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=near-fault" title=" near-fault"> near-fault</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=PGV" title=" PGV"> PGV</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=numerical%20simulation." title=" numerical simulation."> numerical simulation.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10007885/effect-of-fault-depth-on-near-fault-peak-ground-velocity" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10007885/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10007885/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10007885/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10007885/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10007885/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10007885/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10007885/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10007885/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10007885/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10007885/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10007885.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">782</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1106</span> Fuzzy Modeling Tool for Creating a Component Model of Information System</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Bogdan%20Walek">Bogdan Walek</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Jiri%20Bartos"> Jiri Bartos</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Cyril%20Klimes"> Cyril Klimes</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Jaroslav%20Prochazka"> Jaroslav Prochazka</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Pavel%20Smolka"> Pavel Smolka</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Juraj%20Masar"> Juraj Masar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Martin%20Pesl"> Martin Pesl</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p>This paper focuses on creating a component model of information system under uncertainty. The paper identifies problem in current approach of component modeling and proposes fuzzy tool, which will work with vague customer requirements and propose components of the resulting component model. The proposed tool is verified on specific information system and results are shown in paper. After finding suitable sub-components of the resulting component model, the component model is visualised by tool.</p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Component" title="Component">Component</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=component%20model" title=" component model"> component model</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=fuzzy" title=" fuzzy"> fuzzy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=fuzzy%20rules" title=" fuzzy rules"> fuzzy rules</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=fuzzy%20sets" title=" fuzzy sets"> fuzzy sets</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=information%20system" title=" information system"> information system</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=modelling" title=" modelling"> modelling</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=tool." title=" tool."> tool.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/4076/fuzzy-modeling-tool-for-creating-a-component-model-of-information-system" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/4076/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/4076/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/4076/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/4076/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/4076/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/4076/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/4076/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/4076/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/4076/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/4076/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/4076.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">1643</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1105</span> Variable vs. Fixed Window Width Code Correlation Reference Waveform Receivers for Multipath Mitigation in Global Navigation Satellite Systems with Binary Offset Carrier and Multiplexed Binary Offset Carrier Signals</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Fahad%20Alhussein">Fahad Alhussein</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Huaping%20Liu"> Huaping Liu</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper compares the multipath mitigation performance of code correlation reference waveform receivers with variable and fixed window width, for binary offset carrier and multiplexed binary offset carrier signals typically used in global navigation satellite systems. In the variable window width method, such width is iteratively reduced until the distortion on the discriminator with multipath is eliminated. This distortion is measured as the Euclidean distance between the actual discriminator (obtained with the incoming signal), and the local discriminator (generated with a local copy of the signal). The variable window width have shown better performance compared to the fixed window width. In particular, the former yields zero error for all delays for the BOC and MBOC signals considered, while the latter gives rather large nonzero errors for small delays in all cases. Due to its computational simplicity, the variable window width method is perfectly suitable for implementation in low-cost receivers. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Correlation%20reference%20waveform%20receivers" title="Correlation reference waveform receivers">Correlation reference waveform receivers</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=binary%0D%0Aoffset%20carrier" title=" binary offset carrier"> binary offset carrier</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=multiplexed%20binary%20offset%20carrier" title=" multiplexed binary offset carrier"> multiplexed binary offset carrier</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=global%20navigation%0D%0Asatellite%20systems." title=" global navigation satellite systems."> global navigation satellite systems.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10011334/variable-vs-fixed-window-width-code-correlation-reference-waveform-receivers-for-multipath-mitigation-in-global-navigation-satellite-systems-with-binary-offset-carrier-and-multiplexed-binary-offset-carrier-signals" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10011334/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10011334/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10011334/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10011334/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10011334/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10011334/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10011334/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10011334/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10011334/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10011334/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10011334.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">483</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1104</span> Theoretical Considerations for Software Component Metrics</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=V.%20Lakshmi%20Narasimhan">V. Lakshmi Narasimhan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Bayu%20Hendradjaya"> Bayu Hendradjaya</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> We have defined two suites of metrics, which cover static and dynamic aspects of component assembly. The static metrics measure complexity and criticality of component assembly, wherein complexity is measured using Component Packing Density and Component Interaction Density metrics. Further, four criticality conditions namely, Link, Bridge, Inheritance and Size criticalities have been identified and quantified. The complexity and criticality metrics are combined to form a Triangular Metric, which can be used to classify the type and nature of applications. Dynamic metrics are collected during the runtime of a complete application. Dynamic metrics are useful to identify super-component and to evaluate the degree of utilisation of various components. In this paper both static and dynamic metrics are evaluated using Weyuker-s set of properties. The result shows that the metrics provide a valid means to measure issues in component assembly. We relate our metrics suite with McCall-s Quality Model and illustrate their impact on product quality and to the management of component-based product development. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Component%20Assembly" title="Component Assembly">Component Assembly</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Component%20Based%20SoftwareEngineering" title=" Component Based SoftwareEngineering"> Component Based SoftwareEngineering</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=CORBA%20Component%20Model" title=" CORBA Component Model"> CORBA Component Model</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Software%20ComponentMetrics." title=" Software ComponentMetrics."> Software ComponentMetrics.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/2023/theoretical-considerations-for-software-component-metrics" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/2023/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/2023/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/2023/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/2023/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/2023/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/2023/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/2023/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/2023/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/2023/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/2023/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/2023.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">2281</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1103</span> Steganalysis of Data Hiding via Halftoning and Coordinate Projection</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Woong%20Hee%20Kim">Woong Hee Kim</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Ilhwan%20Park"> Ilhwan Park</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Steganography is the art of hiding and transmitting data through apparently innocuous carriers in an effort to conceal the existence of the data. A lot of steganography algorithms have been proposed recently. Many of them use the digital image data as a carrier. In data hiding scheme of halftoning and coordinate projection, still image data is used as a carrier, and the data of carrier image are modified for data embedding. In this paper, we present three features for analysis of data hiding via halftoning and coordinate projection. Also, we present a classifier using the proposed three features. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Steganography" title="Steganography">Steganography</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=steganalysis" title=" steganalysis"> steganalysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=digital%20halftoning" title=" digital halftoning"> digital halftoning</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=data%0Ahiding." title=" data hiding."> data hiding.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/15308/steganalysis-of-data-hiding-via-halftoning-and-coordinate-projection" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/15308/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/15308/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/15308/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/15308/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/15308/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/15308/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/15308/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/15308/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/15308/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/15308/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/15308.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">1600</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1102</span> Performance Assessment of Carrier Aggregation-Based Indoor Mobile Networks</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Viktor%20R.%20Stoynov">Viktor R. Stoynov</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Zlatka%20V.%20Valkova-Jarvis"> Zlatka V. Valkova-Jarvis</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p>The intelligent management and optimisation of radio resource technologies will lead to a considerable improvement in the overall performance in Next Generation Networks (NGNs). Carrier Aggregation (CA) technology, also known as Spectrum Aggregation, enables more efficient use of the available spectrum by combining multiple Component Carriers (CCs) in a virtual wideband channel. LTE-A (Long Term Evolution–Advanced) CA technology can combine multiple adjacent or separate CCs in the same band or in different bands. In this way, increased data rates and dynamic load balancing can be achieved, resulting in a more reliable and efficient operation of mobile networks and the enabling of high bandwidth mobile services. In this paper, several distinct CA deployment strategies for the utilisation of spectrum bands are compared in indoor-outdoor scenarios, simulated via the recently-developed Realistic Indoor Environment Generator (RIEG). We analyse the performance of the User Equipment (UE) by integrating the average throughput, the level of fairness of radio resource allocation, and other parameters, into one summative assessment termed a Comparative Factor (CF). In addition, comparison of non-CA and CA indoor mobile networks is carried out under different load conditions: varying numbers and positions of UEs. The experimental results demonstrate that the CA technology can improve network performance, especially in the case of indoor scenarios. Additionally, we show that an increase of carrier frequency does not necessarily lead to improved CF values, due to high wall-penetration losses. The performance of users under bad-channel conditions, often located in the periphery of the cells, can be improved by intelligent CA location. Furthermore, a combination of such a deployment and effective radio resource allocation management with respect to user-fairness plays a crucial role in improving the performance of LTE-A networks.</p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Comparative%20factor" title="Comparative factor">Comparative factor</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=carrier%20aggregation" title=" carrier aggregation"> carrier aggregation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=indoor%20mobile%20network" title=" indoor mobile network"> indoor mobile network</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=resource%20allocation." title=" resource allocation."> resource allocation.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10009316/performance-assessment-of-carrier-aggregation-based-indoor-mobile-networks" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10009316/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10009316/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10009316/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10009316/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10009316/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10009316/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10009316/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10009316/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10009316/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10009316/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10009316.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">713</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1101</span> A Novel Pilot Scheme for Frequency Offset and Channel Estimation in 2x2 MIMO-OFDM</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=N.%20Promsuwanna">N. Promsuwanna</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=P.%20Uthansakul"> P. Uthansakul</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=M.%20Uthansakul"> M. Uthansakul</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The Carrier Frequency Offset (CFO) due to timevarying fading channel is the main cause of the loss of orthogonality among OFDM subcarriers which is linked to inter-carrier interference (ICI). Hence, it is necessary to precisely estimate and compensate the CFO. Especially for mobile broadband communications, CFO and channel gain also have to be estimated and tracked to maintain the system performance. Thus, synchronization pilots are embedded in every OFDM symbol to track the variations. In this paper, we present the pilot scheme for both channel and CFO estimation where channel estimation process can be carried out with only one OFDM symbol. Additional, the proposed pilot scheme also provides better performance in CFO estimation comparing with the conventional orthogonal pilot scheme due to the increasing of signal-tointerference ratio. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=MIMO" title="MIMO">MIMO</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=OFDM" title=" OFDM"> OFDM</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=carrier%20frequency%20offset" title=" carrier frequency offset"> carrier frequency offset</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=channel" title=" channel"> channel</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=estimation." title=" estimation."> estimation.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/2277/a-novel-pilot-scheme-for-frequency-offset-and-channel-estimation-in-2x2-mimo-ofdm" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/2277/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/2277/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/2277/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/2277/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/2277/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/2277/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/2277/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/2277/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/2277/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/2277/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/2277.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">1925</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1100</span> An Electrically Modulatable Silicon Waveguide Grating Using an Implantation Technology</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Qing%20Fang">Qing Fang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Lianxi%20Jia"> Lianxi Jia</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=JunFeng%20Song"> JunFeng Song</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Xiaoguang%20Tu"> Xiaoguang Tu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Mingbin%20Yu"> Mingbin Yu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Andy%20Eu-jin%20Lim"> Andy Eu-jin Lim</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Guo%20Qiang%20Lo"> Guo Qiang Lo</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p>The first pn-type carrier-induced silicon Bragg-grating filter is demonstrated. The extinction-ratio modulations are 11.5 dB and 10 dB with reverse and forward biases, respectively. 8-Gpbs data rate is achieved with a reverse bias.</p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Silicon%20photonics" title="Silicon photonics">Silicon photonics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Waveguide%20grating" title=" Waveguide grating"> Waveguide grating</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Carrier-induced" title=" Carrier-induced"> Carrier-induced</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Extinction-ratio%20modulation." title=" Extinction-ratio modulation. "> Extinction-ratio modulation. </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10003843/an-electrically-modulatable-silicon-waveguide-grating-using-an-implantation-technology" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10003843/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10003843/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10003843/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10003843/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10003843/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10003843/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10003843/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10003843/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10003843/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10003843/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10003843.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">1707</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1099</span> Analytical Study of Component Based Software Engineering</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Iqbaldeep%20Kaur">Iqbaldeep Kaur</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Parvinder%20S.%20Sandhu"> Parvinder S. Sandhu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Hardeep%20Singh"> Hardeep Singh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Vandana%20Saini"> Vandana Saini</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper is a survey of current component-based software technologies and the description of promotion and inhibition factors in CBSE. The features that software components inherit are also discussed. Quality Assurance issues in componentbased software are also catered to. The feat research on the quality model of component based system starts with the study of what the components are, CBSE, its development life cycle and the pro & cons of CBSE. Various attributes are studied and compared keeping in view the study of various existing models for general systems and CBS. When illustrating the quality of a software component an apt set of quality attributes for the description of the system (or components) should be selected. Finally, the research issues that can be extended are tabularized. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Component" title="Component">Component</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=COTS" title=" COTS"> COTS</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Component%20based%20development" title=" Component based development"> Component based development</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Component-based%20Software%20Engineering." title="Component-based Software Engineering.">Component-based Software Engineering.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/3053/analytical-study-of-component-based-software-engineering" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/3053/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/3053/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/3053/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/3053/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/3053/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/3053/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/3053/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/3053/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/3053/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/3053/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/3053.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">2740</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1098</span> Photoimpedance Spectroscopy Analysis of Planar and Nano-Textured Thin-Film Silicon Solar Cells</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=P.%20Kumar">P. Kumar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=D.%20Eisenhauer"> D. Eisenhauer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=M.%20M.%20K.%20Yousef"> M. M. K. Yousef</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Q.%20Shi"> Q. Shi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=A.%20S.%20G.%20Khalil"> A. S. G. Khalil</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=M.%20R.%20Saber"> M. R. Saber</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=C.%20Becker"> C. Becker</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=T.%20Pullerits"> T. Pullerits</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=K.%20J.%20Karki"> K. J. Karki</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In impedance spectroscopy (IS) the response of a photo-active device is analysed as a function of ac bias. It is widely applied in a broad class of material systems and devices. It gives access to fundamental mechanisms of operation of solar cells. We have implemented a method of IS where we modulate the light instead of the bias. This scheme allows us to analyze not only carrier dynamics but also impedance of device locally. Here, using this scheme, we have measured the frequency-dependent photocurrent response of the thin-film planar and nano-textured Si solar cells using this method. Photocurrent response is measured in range of 50 Hz to 50 kHz. Bode and Nyquist plots are used to determine characteristic lifetime of both the cells. Interestingly, the carrier lifetime of both planar and nano-textured solar cells depend on back and front contact positions. This is due to either heterogeneity of device or contacts are not optimized. The estimated average lifetime is found to be shorter for the nano-textured cell, which could be due to the influence of the textured interface on the carrier relaxation dynamics. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Carrier%20lifetime" title="Carrier lifetime">Carrier lifetime</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Impedance" title=" Impedance"> Impedance</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=nano-textured" title=" nano-textured"> nano-textured</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=and%20photocurrent." title=" and photocurrent."> and photocurrent.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10008888/photoimpedance-spectroscopy-analysis-of-planar-and-nano-textured-thin-film-silicon-solar-cells" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10008888/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10008888/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10008888/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10008888/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10008888/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10008888/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10008888/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10008888/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10008888/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10008888/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10008888.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">1029</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1097</span> The Giant Component in a Random Subgraph of a Weak Expander</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Yilun%20Shang">Yilun Shang</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p>In this paper, we investigate the appearance of the giant component in random subgraphs G(p) of a given large finite graph family Gn = (Vn, En) in which each edge is present independently with probability p. We show that if the graph Gn satisfies a weak isoperimetric inequality and has bounded degree, then the probability p under which G(p) has a giant component of linear order with some constant probability is bounded away from zero and one. In addition, we prove the probability of abnormally large order of the giant component decays exponentially. When a contact graph is modeled as Gn, our result is of special interest in the study of the spread of infectious diseases or the identification of community in various social networks.</p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=subgraph" title="subgraph">subgraph</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=expander" title=" expander"> expander</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=random%20graph" title=" random graph"> random graph</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=giant%20component" title=" giant component"> giant component</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=percolation." title=" percolation."> percolation.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/8522/the-giant-component-in-a-random-subgraph-of-a-weak-expander" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/8522/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/8522/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/8522/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/8522/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/8522/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/8522/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/8522/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/8522/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/8522/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/8522/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/8522.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">1697</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1096</span> Comparison of Different Discontinuous PWM Technique for Switching Losses Reduction in Modular Multilevel Converters</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Kaumil%20B.%20Shah">Kaumil B. Shah</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Hina%20Chandwani"> Hina Chandwani</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The modular multilevel converter (MMC) is one of the advanced topologies for medium and high-voltage applications. In high-power, high-voltage MMC, a large number of switching power devices are required. These switching power devices (IGBT) considerable switching losses. This paper analyzes the performance of different discontinuous pulse width modulation (DPWM) techniques and compares the results against a conventional carrier based pulse width modulation method, in order to reduce the switching losses of an MMC. The DPWM reference wave can be generated by adding the zero-sequence component to the original (sine) reference modulation signal. The result of the addition gives the reference signal of DPWM techniques. To minimize the switching losses of the MMC, the clamping period is controlled according to the absolute value of the output load current. No switching is generated in the clamping period so overall switching of the power device is reduced. The simulation result of the different DPWM techniques is compared with conventional carrier-based pulse-width modulation technique. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Modular%20multilevel%20converter" title="Modular multilevel converter">Modular multilevel converter</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=discontinuous%20pulse%20width%20modulation" title=" discontinuous pulse width modulation"> discontinuous pulse width modulation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=switching%20losses" title=" switching losses"> switching losses</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=zero-sequence%20voltage." title=" zero-sequence voltage. "> zero-sequence voltage. </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10009824/comparison-of-different-discontinuous-pwm-technique-for-switching-losses-reduction-in-modular-multilevel-converters" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10009824/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10009824/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10009824/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10009824/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10009824/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10009824/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10009824/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10009824/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10009824/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10009824/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10009824.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">919</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1095</span> Finger Vein Recognition using PCA-based Methods</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Sepehr%20Damavandinejadmonfared">Sepehr Damavandinejadmonfared</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Ali%20Khalili%20Mobarakeh"> Ali Khalili Mobarakeh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Mohsen%20Pashna">Mohsen Pashna</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q="></a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Jiangping%20Gou%0D%0ASayedmehran%20Mirsafaie%20Rizi"> Jiangping Gou Sayedmehran Mirsafaie Rizi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Saba%20Nazari"> Saba Nazari</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Shadi%20Mahmoodi%20Khaniabadi"> Shadi Mahmoodi Khaniabadi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Mohamad%20Ali%20Bagheri"> Mohamad Ali Bagheri </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this paper a novel algorithm is proposed to merit the accuracy of finger vein recognition. The performances of Principal Component Analysis (PCA), Kernel Principal Component Analysis (KPCA), and Kernel Entropy Component Analysis (KECA) in this algorithm are validated and compared with each other in order to determine which one is the most appropriate one in terms of finger vein recognition. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Biometrics" title="Biometrics">Biometrics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=finger%20vein%20recognition" title=" finger vein recognition"> finger vein recognition</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=PrincipalComponent%20Analysis%20%28PCA%29" title=" PrincipalComponent Analysis (PCA)"> PrincipalComponent Analysis (PCA)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Kernel%20Principal%20Component%20Analysis%28KPCA%29" title=" Kernel Principal Component Analysis(KPCA)"> Kernel Principal Component Analysis(KPCA)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Kernel%20Entropy%20Component%20Analysis%20%28KPCA%29." title=" Kernel Entropy Component Analysis (KPCA)."> Kernel Entropy Component Analysis (KPCA).</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9030/finger-vein-recognition-using-pca-based-methods" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9030/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9030/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9030/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9030/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9030/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9030/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9030/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9030/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9030/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9030/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9030.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">2680</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1094</span> Multi-view Description of Real-Time Systems- Architecture</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=A.%20Bessam">A. Bessam</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=M.%20T.%20Kimour"> M. T. Kimour</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Real-time embedded systems should benefit from component-based software engineering to handle complexity and deal with dependability. In these systems, applications should not only be logically correct but also behave within time windows. However, in the current component based software engineering approaches, a few of component models handles time properties in a manner that allows efficient analysis and checking at the architectural level. In this paper, we present a meta-model for component-based software description that integrates timing issues. To achieve a complete functional model of software components, our meta-model focuses on four functional aspects: interface, static behavior, dynamic behavior, and interaction protocol. With each aspect we have explicitly associated a time model. Such a time model can be used to check a component-s design against certain properties and to compute the timing properties of component assemblies. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Real-time%20systems" title="Real-time systems">Real-time systems</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Software%20architecture" title=" Software architecture"> Software architecture</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=software%20component" title="software component">software component</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=dependability" title=" dependability"> dependability</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=time%20properties" title=" time properties"> time properties</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=ADL" title=" ADL"> ADL</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=metamodeling." title=" metamodeling."> metamodeling.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6030/multi-view-description-of-real-time-systems-architecture" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6030/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6030/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6030/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6030/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6030/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6030/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6030/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6030/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6030/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6030/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6030.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">1636</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1093</span> Authenticated Mobile Device Proxy Service</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=W.%20Adi">W. Adi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Khaled%20E.%20A.%20Negm"> Khaled E. A. Negm</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=A.%20Mabrouk"> A. Mabrouk</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=H.%20Ghraieb"> H. Ghraieb</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In the current study we present a system that is capable to deliver proxy based differentiated service. It will help the carrier service node to sell a prepaid service to clients and limit the use to a particular mobile device or devices for a certain time. The system includes software and hardware architecture for a mobile device with moderate computational power, and a secure protocol for communication between it and its carrier service node. On the carrier service node a proxy runs on a centralized server to be capable of implementing cryptographic algorithms, while the mobile device contains a simple embedded processor capable of executing simple algorithms. One prerequisite is needed for the system to run efficiently that is a presence of Global Trusted Verification Authority (GTVA) which is equivalent to certifying authority in IP networks. This system appears to be of great interest for many commercial transactions, business to business electronic and mobile commerce, and military applications. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Mobile%20Device%20Security" title="Mobile Device Security">Mobile Device Security</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Identity%20Authentication" title=" Identity Authentication"> Identity Authentication</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Mobile%20Commerce%20Security." title="Mobile Commerce Security.">Mobile Commerce Security.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6760/authenticated-mobile-device-proxy-service" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6760/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6760/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6760/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6760/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6760/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6760/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6760/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6760/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6760/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6760/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6760.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">1627</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1092</span> Non-negative Principal Component Analysis for Face Recognition</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Zhang%20Yan">Zhang Yan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Yu%20Bin"> Yu Bin</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Principle component analysis is often combined with the state-of-art classification algorithms to recognize human faces. However, principle component analysis can only capture these features contributing to the global characteristics of data because it is a global feature selection algorithm. It misses those features contributing to the local characteristics of data because each principal component only contains some levels of global characteristics of data. In this study, we present a novel face recognition approach using non-negative principal component analysis which is added with the constraint of non-negative to improve data locality and contribute to elucidating latent data structures. Experiments are performed on the Cambridge ORL face database. We demonstrate the strong performances of the algorithm in recognizing human faces in comparison with PCA and NREMF approaches. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=classification" title="classification">classification</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=face%20recognition" title=" face recognition"> face recognition</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=non-negativeprinciple%20component%20analysis%20%28NPCA%29" title=" non-negativeprinciple component analysis (NPCA)"> non-negativeprinciple component analysis (NPCA)</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/14158/non-negative-principal-component-analysis-for-face-recognition" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/14158/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/14158/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/14158/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/14158/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/14158/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/14158/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/14158/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/14158/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/14158/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/14158/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/14158.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">1695</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1091</span> Comparative Review of Modulation Techniques for Harmonic Minimization in Multilevel Inverter</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=M.%20Suresh%20Kumar">M. Suresh Kumar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=K.%20Ramani"> K. Ramani</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper proposed the comparison made between Multi-Carrier Pulse Width Modulation, Sinusoidal Pulse Width Modulation and Selective Harmonic Elimination Pulse Width Modulation technique for minimization of Total Harmonic Distortion in Cascaded H-Bridge Multi-Level Inverter. In Multicarrier Pulse Width Modulation method by using Alternate Position of Disposition scheme for switching pulse generation to Multi-Level Inverter. Another carrier based approach; Sinusoidal Pulse Width Modulation method is also implemented to define the switching pulse generation system in the multi-level inverter. In Selective Harmonic Elimination method using Genetic Algorithm and Particle Swarm Optimization algorithm for define the required switching angles to eliminate low order harmonics from the inverter output voltage waveform and reduce the total harmonic distortion value. So, the results validate that the Selective Harmonic Elimination Pulse Width Modulation method does capably eliminate a great number of precise harmonics and minimize the Total Harmonic Distortion value in output voltage waveform in compared with Multi-Carrier Pulse Width Modulation method, Sinusoidal Pulse Width Modulation method. In this paper, comparison of simulation results shows that the Selective Harmonic Elimination method can attain optimal harmonic minimization solution better than Multi-Carrier Pulse Width Modulation method, Sinusoidal Pulse Width Modulation method. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Multi-level%20inverter" title="Multi-level inverter">Multi-level inverter</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Selective%20Harmonic%20Elimination%0D%0APulse%20Width%20Modulation" title=" Selective Harmonic Elimination Pulse Width Modulation"> Selective Harmonic Elimination Pulse Width Modulation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Multi-Carrier%20Pulse%20Width%20Modulation" title=" Multi-Carrier Pulse Width Modulation"> Multi-Carrier Pulse Width Modulation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Total%20Harmonic%20Distortion" title=" Total Harmonic Distortion"> Total Harmonic Distortion</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Genetic%20Algorithm." title=" Genetic Algorithm."> Genetic Algorithm.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10001824/comparative-review-of-modulation-techniques-for-harmonic-minimization-in-multilevel-inverter" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10001824/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10001824/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10001824/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10001824/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10001824/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10001824/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10001824/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10001824/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10001824/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10001824/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10001824.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">2975</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1090</span> Immobilized Liquid Membrane for Propylene- Propane Separation</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Maryam%20TakhtRavanchi">Maryam TakhtRavanchi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Tahereh%20Kaghazchi"> Tahereh Kaghazchi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Ali%20Kargari"> Ali Kargari</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Separation of propylene-propane mixture using immobilized liquid membrane was investigated. The effect of transmembrane pressure and carrier concentration on membrane separation performance was studied. It was observed that for 30:70 (vol. %) propylene-propane mixture, at pressure of 120kPa and carrier concentration of 20wt. %, a separation factor of 474 was obtained. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Facilitated%20Transport" title="Facilitated Transport">Facilitated Transport</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Immobilized%20Liquid%0AMembrane" title=" Immobilized Liquid Membrane"> Immobilized Liquid Membrane</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Propylene-Propane%20Separation" title=" Propylene-Propane Separation"> Propylene-Propane Separation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Silver%20Nitrate." title=" Silver Nitrate."> Silver Nitrate.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/12032/immobilized-liquid-membrane-for-propylene-propane-separation" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/12032/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/12032/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/12032/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/12032/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/12032/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/12032/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/12032/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/12032/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/12032/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/12032/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/12032.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">1999</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1089</span> Evaluation of Cigarette Filters Rods as a Biofilm Carrier in Integrated Fixed Film Activated Sludge Process</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=A.%20Sabzali">A. Sabzali</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=M.%20Nikaeen"> M. Nikaeen</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=B.%20Bina"> B. Bina</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p>The purpose of the experiments described in this article was the comparison of integrated fixed film activated sludge (IFAS) and activated sludge (AS) system. The IFAS applied system consists of the cigarette filter rods (wasted filter in tobacco factories) as a biofilm carrier. The comparison with activated sludge was performed by two parallel treatment lines. Organic substance, ammonia and TP removal was investigated over four month period. Synthetic wastewater was prepared with ordinary tap water and glucose as the main sources of carbon and energy, plus balanced macro and micro nutrients. COD removal percentages of 94.55%, and 81.62% were achieved for IFAS and activated sludge system, respectively. Also, ammonia concentration significantly decreased by increasing the HRT in both systems. The average ammonia removal of 97.40 % and 96.34% were achieved for IFAS and activated sludge system, respectively. The removal efficiency of total phosphorus (TP-P) was 60.64%, higher than AS process by 56.63% respectively.</p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Wastewater" title="Wastewater">Wastewater</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=biofilm%20carrier" title=" biofilm carrier"> biofilm carrier</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=cigarette%20filters%20rods" title=" cigarette filters rods"> cigarette filters rods</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Activated%20Sludge" title=" Activated Sludge"> Activated Sludge</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=IFAS" title=" IFAS"> IFAS</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=nitrification." title=" nitrification."> nitrification.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/7934/evaluation-of-cigarette-filters-rods-as-a-biofilm-carrier-in-integrated-fixed-film-activated-sludge-process" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/7934/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/7934/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/7934/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/7934/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/7934/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/7934/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/7934/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/7934/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/7934/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/7934/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/7934.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">2064</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1088</span> Studying Frame-Resistant Steel Structures under Near Field Ground Motion</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=S.%20A.%20Hashemi">S. A. Hashemi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=A.%20Khoshraftar"> A. Khoshraftar</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper presents the influence of the vertical seismic component on the non-linear dynamics analysis of three different structures. The subject structures were analyzed and designed according to recent codes. This paper considers three types of buildings: 5-, 10-, and 15-story buildings. The non-linear dynamics analysis of the structures with assuming elastic-perfectlyplastic behavior was performed using RAM PERFORM-3D software; the horizontal component was taken into consideration with and without the incorporation of the corresponding vertical component. Dynamic responses obtained for the horizontal component acting alone were compared with those obtained from the simultaneous application of both seismic components. The results show that the effect of the vertical component of ground motion may increase the axial load significantly in the interior columns and, consequently, the stories. The plastic mechanisms would be changed. The P-Delta effect is expected to increase. The punching base plate shear of the columns should be considered. Moreover, the vertical component increases the input energy when the structures exhibit inelastic behavior and are taller. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Inelastic%20behavior" title="Inelastic behavior">Inelastic behavior</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=non-linear%20dynamic%20analysis" title=" non-linear dynamic analysis"> non-linear dynamic analysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=steel%0D%0Astructure" title=" steel structure"> steel structure</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=vertical%20component." title=" vertical component."> vertical component.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10002686/studying-frame-resistant-steel-structures-under-near-field-ground-motion" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10002686/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a 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