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https://trialinternational.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/CASES_Man_square-150x150.png 150w, https://trialinternational.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/CASES_Man_square-210x210.png 210w" sizes="(max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px" /> </div> <div class="text-header container container-1200 text-xs-center"> <div><span class="live-badge">Case</span> </div> <div> <h1 class="live-title latest-title text-uppercase nospacebelow"> <span class="">Ndarumanga</span> </h1> </div> </div> </div> <div class="container main-wrapper">  <div class="row content-row"> <div class="col-md-12 text-xs-right social-sharing"> <span class="tri-share-icon"> Share This: <i class="fa fa-share-alt" aria-hidden="true"></i> </span> <div class="hidden addthis_custom_sharing"></div> </div> <div class="col-md-12 "> <ul class="nav nav-tabs" id="liveTab" role="tablist"> <li class="nav-item"> <a class="nav-link active" id="live-tab" data-toggle="tab" href="#live" role="tab" aria-controls="live" aria-selected="true">Updates</a> </li> <li class="nav-item"> <a class="nav-link" id="context-tab" data-toggle="tab" href="#context" role="tab" aria-controls="context" aria-selected="false">Context</a> </li> </ul> <div class="tab__content" id="liveTabContent"> <div class="tab-pane fade tab__content--live active in" id="live" role="tabpanel" aria-labelledby="live-tab"> <div class="latest-body"> <p><em><em>TRIAL International’s work on this case is conducted within the framework of the South Kivu International Criminal Justice Task Force, an informal network of international actors who collaborate to support the work of Congolese courts in the investigation and prosecution of mass crimes in the DRC.</em></em></p> <section class="c-block-updates"> <div class="c-block-item" id="live-28420"> <div class="update-date"> 19 June 2024 10:44 <div class="c-Share"> <button class="c-Share-social meta__link orange" data-toggle="collapse" data-target="#pop-28420"> <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="18" height="14" ><path 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meta__link-sub" data-position="feed" data-social="fb" data-url="https://trialinternational.org/case-update/the-drc-first-state-in-the-world-to-condemn-the-crime-of-forced-pregnancy/" data-url-params="#live-28420" data-title="The DRC, first State in the world to condemn the crime of forced pregnancy"> <span class="meta__icon-container"> <span class="meta__icon icon__facebook"></span> </span> <span class="sr-only">Facebook</span> </button> </li> <li class="meta__icon-sub"> <button type="button" class="js-social meta__link-sub" data-position="feed" data-social="copy" data-url-params="#live-28420" data-title="The DRC, first State in the world to condemn the crime of forced pregnancy"> <span class="meta__icon-container"> <span class="meta__icon icon__link"></span> </span> <span class="meta__label-sub"> <span class="js-label-copy">Copier le lien</span> <span class="js-label-copied"></span> </span> </button> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div class="update-titre orange">The DRC, first State in the world to condemn the crime of forced pregnancy </div> <div class="update-content"> <p>On June 1<sup>st</sup> 2024, a landmark verdict was upheld by the South Kivu Military Court. In May 2023, the Military Tribunal of Uvira had sentenced Munyololo Mbao, alias Ndarumanga, former leader of a Raia Mutomboki faction, to life imprisonment for crimes against humanity, including the world’s first national court conviction for forced pregnancy. Beyond confirming the initial verdict, the South Kivu Military Court also found the Congolese state civilly liable for the crimes committed.</p> <figure class="wp-block-embed aligncenter is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio"><div class="wp-block-embed__wrapper"> <iframe loading="lazy" title="The DRC, first State in the world to condemn the crime of forced pregnancy" width="500" height="281" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/Ly3ZHmVAVFg?feature=oembed" frameborder="0" allow="accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share" referrerpolicy="strict-origin-when-cross-origin" allowfullscreen></iframe> </div></figure> <p>The crime of forced pregnancy is categorized as conflict-related sexual violence and involves the unlawful confinement of one or more women who have been forcibly made pregnant, with the specific intent to alter the ethnic composition of a population or to commit other grave violations of international law. Despite its inclusion in the Rome Statute of the ICC in 1998, it was not prosecuted by the ICC until 2021. This case represents the first time a national criminal court has ever recognized the crime of forced pregnancy as an international crime.</p> <p>The initial trial had taken place from May 8 to 15, 2023 through a mobile court hearing held near the 121 victims who had filed as civil parties. The court had found Ndarumanga responsible for murder, torture, rape, sexual slavery, forced pregnancy, imprisonment, and other inhumane acts. Financial compensation had been awarded to all victims.</p> <p><em>TRIAL International supported the documentation of these crimes and assisted the civil parties’ lawyers. Our work on this case is conducted within the framework of the South Kivu International Criminal Justice Task Force. </em></p> </div> </div> <div class="c-block-item" id="live-28253"> <div class="update-date"> 27 May 2024 16:30 <div class="c-Share"> <button class="c-Share-social meta__link orange" data-toggle="collapse" data-target="#pop-28253"> <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="18" height="14" ><path fill="currentColor" d="M10.73.063c-.178-.149-.444-.018-.444.218v3.062C1.89 4.86.3 11.5.002 13.728c-.018.16.1.272.236.272a.253.253 0 0 0 .181-.084C4.595 9.476 8.806 9.14 9.968 9.14c.209 0 .318.01.318.01v3.375c0 .24.27.369.447.215l7.17-6.228a.287.287 0 0 0-.003-.433L10.73.063Z"/></svg> <span class="sr-only">Partage</span> </button> <div class="c-Share-social-container" id="pop-28253"> <ul class="meta__sub" > <li class="meta__icon-sub"> <button type="button" class="js-social meta__link-sub" data-position="feed" data-social="tw" data-url="https://trialinternational.org/case-update/drc-conviction-for-forced-pregnancy-and-other-crimes-against-humanity-for-warlord-ndarumanga/" data-url-params="#live-28253" data-title="DRC: Conviction for forced pregnancy and other crimes against humanity for warlord Ndarumanga"> <span class="meta__icon-container"> <span class="meta__icon icon__twitter"></span> </span> <span class="sr-only">Twitter</span> </button> </li> <li class="meta__icon-sub"> <button type="button" class="js-social meta__link-sub" data-position="feed" data-social="fb" data-url="https://trialinternational.org/case-update/drc-conviction-for-forced-pregnancy-and-other-crimes-against-humanity-for-warlord-ndarumanga/" data-url-params="#live-28253" data-title="DRC: Conviction for forced pregnancy and other crimes against humanity for warlord Ndarumanga"> <span class="meta__icon-container"> <span class="meta__icon icon__facebook"></span> </span> <span class="sr-only">Facebook</span> </button> </li> <li class="meta__icon-sub"> <button type="button" class="js-social meta__link-sub" data-position="feed" data-social="copy" data-url-params="#live-28253" data-title="DRC: Conviction for forced pregnancy and other crimes against humanity for warlord Ndarumanga"> <span class="meta__icon-container"> <span class="meta__icon icon__link"></span> </span> <span class="meta__label-sub"> <span class="js-label-copy">Copier le lien</span> <span class="js-label-copied"></span> </span> </button> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div class="update-titre orange">DRC: Conviction for forced pregnancy and other crimes against humanity for warlord Ndarumanga </div> <div class="update-content"> <figure class="wp-block-image size-large"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="461" src="https://trialinternational.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/05/image00010-1024x461.png" alt="" class="wp-image-25501" srcset="https://trialinternational.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/05/image00010-1024x461.png 1024w, https://trialinternational.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/05/image00010-300x135.png 300w, https://trialinternational.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/05/image00010-768x346.png 768w, https://trialinternational.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/05/image00010.png 1080w" sizes="(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /></figure> <p><strong><strong>On May 15<sup>th</sup> 2023, the Military Tribunal of Uvira sentenced Munyololo Mbao, alias Ndarumanga, former leader of a faction of the Raia Mutomboki armed group in the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC), to life imprisonment for crimes against humanity. Among the charges confirmed by the court is the crime of forced pregnancy, a world first before a national court.</strong></strong></p> <div class="wp-block-buttons is-content-justification-center is-layout-flex wp-container-core-buttons-is-layout-1 wp-block-buttons-is-layout-flex"> <div class="wp-block-button"><a class="wp-block-button__link wp-element-button" href="https://trialinternational.org/latest-post/drc-conviction-for-forced-pregnancy-and-other-crimes-against-humanity-for-warlord-ndarumanga/">Read our press release</a></div> </div> </div> </div> </section> </div> </div> <div class="tab-pane fade tab__content--fact" id="context" role="tabpanel" aria-labelledby="context-tab"> <div class="sidebar-update"> <div class="sidebar-update-header"> Context </div> <div class="sidebar-update-content"> <p>Munyololo Mbao, alias Ndarumanga, is the former leader of a faction of the Raia Mutomboki armed group in the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC).</p> <p>The Raia Mutomboki, or “angry citizens” in Swahili, are local self-defense movements that have structured themselves into armed groups and operate in South Kivu province. These groups began to grow in 2011 in response to attacks on the population by the Rwandan militia FDLR (Forces démocratiques pour la libération du Rwanda), facilitated by a security vacuum caused by the restructuring of the Congolese army.</p> <p>The “Ndarumanga” faction of the Raia Mutomboki fought for control of several areas in the territories of Walungu and Shabunda by carrying out repeated armed attacks between 2012 and 2021, sometimes against other armed groups present in the region and other times in coalition with other armed groups against the Congolese army. During these attacks, numerous abuses were committed against the civilian population.</p> <p>Following his arrest in November 2021, Ndarumanga’s crimes were the subject of a judicial investigation by the military prosecutor that led to his indictment in August 2022 for crimes against humanity.</p> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="latest-carousel-section"> <h2 class="text-xs-center text-uppercase"> <span class="title-wrap orange">Other Cases</span> </h2> <div id="latest-carousel" class="carousel slide" data-ride="carousel"> <div class="carousel-inner" role="listbox"> <div class="carousel-item active"> <div class="container container-1200"> <div class="col-md-6 col-lg-3 slider-item"> <div class="text-uppercase text-xs-right"> <span class="tag">Case</span> </div> <div class="title"> <h3><a href="https://trialinternational.org/case/donat-kwenga-omari/"> Donat Kwenga Omari</a> </h3> <div><span class="tag tag--ontrial">Ongoing</span> </div> <small>15.11.2024</small> </div> <div class="wrapper"> <div class="country"> <img width="20" src="https://trialinternational.org/wp-content/themes/tri/assets/images/icons/globe.svg" alt="Globe" /> <a href="https://trialinternational.org/countries-post/democratic-republic-of-the-congo/">Democratic Republic of the Congo</a> </div> <div class="summary"> <p>Kwenga Omari, alias Donat, is a Congolese national and former leader of a Raia Mutomboki militia accused of crimes against humanity, allegedly committed in the territories of Shabunda and Kalehe in the East of the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) between 2017 and 2021.</p>  </div> <a href="https://trialinternational.org/case/donat-kwenga-omari/"> <img width="1024" height="415" src="https://trialinternational.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/Donat_map_final_FEATURED_EN-1024x415.png" class="attachment-article_small size-article_small wp-post-image" alt="" decoding="async" loading="lazy" srcset="https://trialinternational.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/Donat_map_final_FEATURED_EN-1024x415.png 1024w, https://trialinternational.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/Donat_map_final_FEATURED_EN-300x122.png 300w, https://trialinternational.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/Donat_map_final_FEATURED_EN-768x311.png 768w, https://trialinternational.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/Donat_map_final_FEATURED_EN-1536x623.png 1536w, https://trialinternational.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/Donat_map_final_FEATURED_EN-2048x831.png 2048w, https://trialinternational.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/Donat_map_final_FEATURED_EN-1800x730.png 1800w" sizes="(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /> </a> </div> </div> <div class="col-md-6 col-lg-3 slider-item"> <div class="text-uppercase text-xs-right"> <span class="tag">Case</span> </div> <div class="title"> <h3><a href="https://trialinternational.org/case/kamonia/">Kamonia</a> </h3> <div><span class="tag tag--ontrial">Closed</span> </div> <small>15.10.2024</small> </div> <div class="wrapper"> <div class="country"> <img width="20" src="https://trialinternational.org/wp-content/themes/tri/assets/images/icons/globe.svg" alt="Globe" /> <a href="https://trialinternational.org/countries-post/democratic-republic-of-the-congo/">Democratic Republic of the Congo</a> </div> <div class="summary"> <p>On May 20, the trial of a dozen militiamen, local politicians and representatives of the Congolese security forces for war crimes and crimes against humanity committed in the Kamonia territory between 2017 and 2018 opened in Tshikapa (Kasai province, Democratic Republic of Congo).</p>  </div> <a href="https://trialinternational.org/case/kamonia/"> <img width="1024" height="415" src="https://trialinternational.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/05/EN_Kamonia_map_sans-logo--1024x415.png" class="attachment-article_small size-article_small wp-post-image" alt="" decoding="async" loading="lazy" srcset="https://trialinternational.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/05/EN_Kamonia_map_sans-logo--1024x415.png 1024w, https://trialinternational.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/05/EN_Kamonia_map_sans-logo--300x122.png 300w, https://trialinternational.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/05/EN_Kamonia_map_sans-logo--768x311.png 768w, https://trialinternational.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/05/EN_Kamonia_map_sans-logo--1536x623.png 1536w, https://trialinternational.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/05/EN_Kamonia_map_sans-logo--2048x831.png 2048w, https://trialinternational.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/05/EN_Kamonia_map_sans-logo--1800x730.png 1800w" sizes="(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /> </a> </div> </div> <div class="col-md-6 col-lg-3 slider-item"> <div class="text-uppercase text-xs-right"> <span class="tag">Case</span> </div> <div class="title"> <h3><a href="https://trialinternational.org/case/michael-correa/">Michael Correa</a> </h3> <div><span class="tag tag--ontrial">Upcoming</span> </div> <small>19.09.2024</small> </div> <div class="wrapper"> <div class="country"> <img width="20" src="https://trialinternational.org/wp-content/themes/tri/assets/images/icons/globe.svg" alt="Globe" /> <a href="https://trialinternational.org/countries-post/gambia/">The Gambia</a> </div> <div class="summary"> <p>Michael Correa is a Gambian citizen accused of having been part of the “Junglers” death squad that allegedly committed human rights abuses on behalf of former President of The Gambia, Yahya Jammeh. The US Department of Justice <a href="https://cja.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/correa_indictment_filed_0-1.pdfhttps:/cja.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/correa_indictment_filed_0-1.pdf">charged</a> Correa with torture and conspiracy to commit torture of at least six people in 2006. <strong>His trial</strong>, which was set start on 16 September 2024 in Denver, <strong>has been postponed to 7 April 2025</strong>.</p>  </div> <a href="https://trialinternational.org/case/michael-correa/"> <img width="1024" height="404" src="https://trialinternational.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/09/CASES_Man_featured.png" class="attachment-article_small size-article_small wp-post-image" alt="Anonymous portrait of a man." decoding="async" loading="lazy" srcset="https://trialinternational.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/09/CASES_Man_featured.png 1024w, https://trialinternational.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/09/CASES_Man_featured-300x118.png 300w, https://trialinternational.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/09/CASES_Man_featured-768x303.png 768w" sizes="(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /> </a> </div> </div> <div class="col-md-6 col-lg-3 slider-item"> <div class="text-uppercase text-xs-right"> <span class="tag">Case</span> </div> <div class="title"> <h3><a href="https://trialinternational.org/case/yuri-harauski/">Yuri Harauski</a> </h3> <div><span class="tag tag--ontrial">Ongoing</span> </div> <small>30.07.2024</small> </div> <div class="wrapper"> <div class="country"> <img width="20" src="https://trialinternational.org/wp-content/themes/tri/assets/images/icons/globe.svg" alt="Globe" /> <a href="https://trialinternational.org/countries-post/belarus/">Belarus</a> </div> <div class="summary"> <p>Yuri Harauski is a former member of an elite unit of the troops of the Belarusian Ministry of Internal Affairs (SOBR), created by President Lukashenko in 1998. He stated in the media in 2019 that he had been involved in three enforced disappearances of political opponents in 1999. A complaint was filed against him in 2021 and <strong>his trial took place in September 2023 in Switzerland</strong>.</p>  </div> <a href="https://trialinternational.org/case/yuri-harauski/"> <img width="1024" height="404" src="https://trialinternational.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/09/CASES_Man_featured.png" class="attachment-article_small size-article_small wp-post-image" alt="Anonymous portrait of a man." decoding="async" loading="lazy" srcset="https://trialinternational.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/09/CASES_Man_featured.png 1024w, https://trialinternational.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/09/CASES_Man_featured-300x118.png 300w, https://trialinternational.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/09/CASES_Man_featured-768x303.png 768w" sizes="(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /> </a> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="carousel-item "> <div class="container container-1200"> <div class="col-md-6 col-lg-3 slider-item"> <div class="text-uppercase text-xs-right"> <span class="tag">Case</span> </div> <div class="title"> <h3><a href="https://trialinternational.org/case/bai-l/">Bai Lowe</a> </h3> <div><span class="tag tag--ontrial">Ongoing</span> </div> <small>30.07.2024</small> </div> <div class="wrapper"> <div class="country"> <img width="20" src="https://trialinternational.org/wp-content/themes/tri/assets/images/icons/globe.svg" alt="Globe" /> <a href="https://trialinternational.org/countries-post/gambia/">The Gambia</a> </div> <div class="summary"> <p>Bai Lowe, a former member of the paramilitary unit known as “Junglers” of former Gambian President Yahya Jammeh, <strong>was sentenced to life imprisonment by a German court in November 2023</strong> for two murders and an attempted murder constituting crimes against humanity. This was the first trial held on the basis of universal jurisdiction for crimes committed in The Gambia during the Jammeh era.</p>  </div> <a href="https://trialinternational.org/case/bai-l/"> <img width="1024" height="404" src="https://trialinternational.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/09/CASES_Man_featured.png" class="attachment-article_small size-article_small wp-post-image" alt="Anonymous portrait of a man." decoding="async" loading="lazy" srcset="https://trialinternational.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/09/CASES_Man_featured.png 1024w, https://trialinternational.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/09/CASES_Man_featured-300x118.png 300w, https://trialinternational.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/09/CASES_Man_featured-768x303.png 768w" sizes="(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /> </a> </div> </div> <div class="col-md-6 col-lg-3 slider-item"> <div class="text-uppercase text-xs-right"> <span class="tag">Case</span> </div> <div class="title"> <h3><a href="https://trialinternational.org/case/rifaat-al-assad/">Rifaat al-Assad</a> </h3> <div><span class="tag tag--ontrial">Upcoming</span> </div> <small>30.07.2024</small> </div> <div class="wrapper"> <div class="country"> <img width="20" src="https://trialinternational.org/wp-content/themes/tri/assets/images/icons/globe.svg" alt="Globe" /> <a href="https://trialinternational.org/countries-post/syria/">Syria</a> </div> <div class="summary"> <p>Since December 2013, Rifaat al-Assad has been under investigation for his alleged role in the massacres committed in the Syrian city of Hama in February 1982 by the “Defense brigades”, that he commanded at the time. After issuing an international arrest warrant against him in November 2021, <strong>the OAG indicted him on 11 March 2024 for war crimes and crimes against humanity</strong>.</p>  </div> <a href="https://trialinternational.org/case/rifaat-al-assad/"> <img width="1024" height="404" src="https://trialinternational.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/CASES_Rifaat_featured-1.png" class="attachment-article_small size-article_small wp-post-image" alt="" decoding="async" loading="lazy" srcset="https://trialinternational.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/CASES_Rifaat_featured-1.png 1024w, https://trialinternational.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/CASES_Rifaat_featured-1-300x118.png 300w, https://trialinternational.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/CASES_Rifaat_featured-1-768x303.png 768w" sizes="(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /> </a> </div> </div> <div class="col-md-6 col-lg-3 slider-item"> <div class="text-uppercase text-xs-right"> <span class="tag">Case</span> </div> <div class="title"> <h3><a href="https://trialinternational.org/case/ousman-sonko/">Ousman Sonko</a> </h3> <div><span class="tag tag--ontrial">Ongoing</span> </div> <small>30.07.2024</small> </div> <div class="wrapper"> <div class="country"> <img width="20" src="https://trialinternational.org/wp-content/themes/tri/assets/images/icons/globe.svg" alt="Globe" /> <a href="https://trialinternational.org/countries-post/gambia/">The Gambia</a> </div> <div class="summary"> <p>Ousman Sonko was Minister of Interior of The Gambia between 2006 and 2016, during the dictatorship of former President Yahya Jammeh. TRIAL International filed a criminal complaint against him in 2017. His trial took place in January and March 2024 before the Swiss Federal Criminal Court. <strong>Ousman Sonko was sentenced to 20 years in prison for crimes against humanity on 15 May 2024</strong>.</p>  </div> <a href="https://trialinternational.org/case/ousman-sonko/"> <img width="1024" height="415" src="https://trialinternational.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Sonko_featured-1024x415.png" class="attachment-article_small size-article_small wp-post-image" alt="Portrait of Ousman Sonko, former Minister of Interior of The Gambia" decoding="async" loading="lazy" srcset="https://trialinternational.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Sonko_featured-1024x415.png 1024w, https://trialinternational.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Sonko_featured-1800x730.png 1800w" sizes="(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /> </a> </div> </div> <div class="col-md-6 col-lg-3 slider-item"> <div class="text-uppercase text-xs-right"> <span class="tag">Case</span> </div> <div class="title"> <h3><a href="https://trialinternational.org/case/khaled-nezzar/">Khaled Nezzar</a> </h3> <div><span class="tag tag--ontrial">Closed</span> </div> <small>30.07.2024</small> </div> <div class="wrapper"> <div class="country"> <img width="20" src="https://trialinternational.org/wp-content/themes/tri/assets/images/icons/globe.svg" alt="Globe" /> <a href="https://trialinternational.org/countries-post/algeria/">Algeria</a> </div> <div class="summary"> <p>Khaled Nezzar, former Algerian Minister of Defence, was arrested in Geneva in October 2011, following a denunciation by TRIAL International. After lengthy proceedings, the Office of the Attorney General filed an indictment for war crimes against him in August 2023. He died in December 2023. <strong>His trial had been scheduled to take place between 17 June and 19 July 2024</strong>.</p>  </div> <a href="https://trialinternational.org/case/khaled-nezzar/"> <img width="1024" height="404" src="https://trialinternational.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/01/CASES_Nezzar_featured.png" class="attachment-article_small size-article_small wp-post-image" alt="" decoding="async" loading="lazy" srcset="https://trialinternational.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/01/CASES_Nezzar_featured.png 1024w, https://trialinternational.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/01/CASES_Nezzar_featured-300x118.png 300w, https://trialinternational.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/01/CASES_Nezzar_featured-768x303.png 768w" sizes="(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /> </a> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="carousel-item "> <div class="container container-1200"> <div class="col-md-6 col-lg-3 slider-item"> <div class="text-uppercase text-xs-right"> <span class="tag">Case</span> </div> <div class="title"> <h3><a href="https://trialinternational.org/case/roger-lumbala-tshitenga/">Roger Lumbala Tshitenga</a> </h3> <div><span class="tag tag--ontrial">Upcoming</span> </div> <small>19.03.2024</small> </div> <div class="wrapper"> <div class="country"> <img width="20" src="https://trialinternational.org/wp-content/themes/tri/assets/images/icons/globe.svg" alt="Globe" /> <a href="https://trialinternational.org/countries-post/democratic-republic-of-the-congo/">Democratic Republic of the Congo</a> </div> <div class="summary"> <p>Roger Lumbala Tshitenga is the former leader of the non-state armed group the Congolese Rally for National Democracy (RCD-N). He was indicted in 2023 for his alleged complicity in and conspiracy to commit crimes against humanity including murder, torture, rape, pillage and enslavement, including sexual slavery, in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) between 2002 and 2003.</p>  </div> <a href="https://trialinternational.org/case/roger-lumbala-tshitenga/"> <img width="1024" height="404" src="https://trialinternational.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/02/CASES_RL_featured.png" class="attachment-article_small size-article_small wp-post-image" alt="" decoding="async" loading="lazy" srcset="https://trialinternational.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/02/CASES_RL_featured.png 1024w, https://trialinternational.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/02/CASES_RL_featured-300x118.png 300w, https://trialinternational.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/02/CASES_RL_featured-768x303.png 768w" sizes="(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /> </a> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="container arrows-container"> <a class="arrow-left" href="#latest-carousel" role="button" data-slide="prev"> <i class="slide-prev fa fa-chevron-left"></i> </a> <a class="arrow-right" href="#latest-carousel" role="button" data-slide="next"> <i class="slide-next fa fa-chevron-right"></i> </a> </div> </div> <div class="clearfix"></div> <div class="container container-1200 text-uppercase text-xs-center view-all"> <a href="/cases/">View All</a> </div> </div> <form name="txt_download_form" id="txt_download_form" target="_blank" action="https://trialinternational.org/case/ndarumanga/" method="post"> <input name="filename" type="hidden" value="ndarumanga" /> <input name="html_content" id="html_content" type="hidden" value="" /> </form> </main><footer id="footer" class="footer"> <div class="container"> <div class="col-sm-12 col-md-3 address orange"> <p>TRIAL International<br /> Rue de Lyon 95<br /> 1203 Geneva<br /> Switzerland </p> <p>t: +41 22 321 61 10<br /> e: info@trialinternational.org<br /> trialinternational.org</p> <p>IBAN: CH85 0900 0000 1716 2954 3</p> </div> <div class="col-sm-12 col-md-6 subscribe"> <div class="title orange">Stay up to date </div> <div class="text"> <p>Subscribe to our monthly newsletter on TRIAL International’s activities and the latest developments in international justice.</p> </div> <form class="footer-subscribe-form form-inline" method="get" action="/newsletter"> <input type="email" name="subscribe_email" placeholder="Enter your email" class="form-control"> <button type="submit" class="btn text-uppercase">Submit</button> </form> </div> <div class="col-sm-12 col-md-3 stay-connected text-md-right"> <div class="title orange">Stay connected </div> <div class="social"> <a href="//twitter.com/Trial" target="_blank">Twitter <i class="fa fa-twitter"></i></a> </div> <div class="social"> <a href="//linkedin.com/company/trial-international" target="_blank">Linkedin <i class="fa fa-linkedin"></i></a> </div> <div class="social"> <a href="//facebook.com/trial.org" target="_blank">Facebook <i class="fa fa-facebook"></i></a> </div> <div class="social"> <a href="https://trialinternational.org/feed/" target="_blank">RSS Feed <i class="fa fa-rss"></i></a> </div> </div> </div> </footer> <div id="sea-bed" class="sea-bed container"> <span>©2024 trialinternational.org</span> | <span>All rights reserved</span> | <span><a href="https://trialinternational.org/privacy-policy/">Privacy Policy</a></span> | <span><a href="https://trialinternational.org/statutes/">Statutes</a></span> | <span class="acw"><a target="_blank" href="http://acw.uk.com">Designed and Produced by ACW</a></span> </div> <style id='core-block-supports-inline-css' type='text/css'> .wp-container-core-buttons-is-layout-1.wp-container-core-buttons-is-layout-1{justify-content:center;} </style> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://trialinternational.org/wp-content/themes/tri/assets/tether-1.3.1/js/tether.min.js?ver=20160422" id="tri-tether-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://trialinternational.org/wp-content/themes/tri/assets/bootstrapv4.0.0-alpha.2/js/bootstrap.min.js?ver=20160421" id="tri-bootstrap-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://trialinternational.org/wp-content/themes/tri/assets/js/tri-header.js?ver=20160421" id="tri-header-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://trialinternational.org/wp-content/themes/tri/assets/js/tri.js?ver=1728284652" id="tri-js-js"></script>  <div id="cookie-notice" role="dialog" class="cookie-notice-hidden cookie-revoke-hidden cn-position-bottom" aria-label="Cookie Notice" style="background-color: rgba(50,50,58,1);"><div class="cookie-notice-container" style="color: #fff"><span id="cn-notice-text" class="cn-text-container">We use cookies to ensure that we give you the best browsing experience on our website. 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