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cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-menu mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-menu"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">اَہَم مینیو</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-main-menu" class="vector-main-menu vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-main-menu-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="main-menu-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-main-menu" data-pinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">اَہَم مینیو</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">اَنٛد کُن تھٲوِو</button> <button 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things"><span>چوک</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D8%AE%D8%A7%D8%B5:RecentChanges" title="A list of recent changes in the wiki [r]" accesskey="r"><span>نَوِ تبدیلی</span></a></li><li id="n-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D8%AE%D8%A7%D8%B5:Upload"><span>فَیِل کٕرو اپلوڈ</span></a></li><li id="n-نٔو-مَضموٗن-بَنٲوِو" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D9%88%D9%90%DA%A9%DB%8C%D9%96%D9%BE%DB%8C%D9%96%DA%88%DB%8C%D8%A7:%D9%85%D9%8E%D8%B6%D9%85%D9%88%D9%97%D9%86_%D8%AA%D9%8E%D8%AE%D9%84%DB%8C%D9%96%D9%82_%D8%B3%D9%B2%D8%AA%DA%BE%DB%8C"><span>نٔو مَضموٗن بَنٲوِو</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%8E%DB%81%D9%8E%D9%85_%D8%B5%D9%8E%D9%81%DB%81%D9%95" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="وِکیٖپیٖڈیا" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-ks.svg" style="width: 6.1875em; height: 2.5em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-ks.svg" width="124" height="40" style="width: 7.75em; height: 2.5em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/%D8%AE%D8%A7%D8%B5:Search" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="ژھارُن وِکیٖپیٖڈیا [f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>تَلاش</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form 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class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Change the appearance of the page's font size, width, and color" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Appearance" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span 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href="/w/index.php?title=%D8%AE%D8%A7%D8%B5:CreateAccount&returnto=%D8%A7%D9%84%DA%A9%D9%86%D8%AF%DB%8C" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory" class=""><span>کھاتہٕ بنٲیو</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=%D8%AE%D8%A7%D8%B5:UserLogin&returnto=%D8%A7%D9%84%DA%A9%D9%86%D8%AF%DB%8C" title="You are encouraged to log in; however, it is not mandatory [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>دٲخِل گَژھُن</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="مٔزیٖد یَختِیار" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="نِجی اَوزار" > <label 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mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-edit"></span> <span>شَرکَژ کرٕنی</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D8%AE%D8%A7%D8%B5:CreateAccount&returnto=%D8%A7%D9%84%DA%A9%D9%86%D8%AF%DB%8C" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>کھاتہٕ بنٲیو</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D8%AE%D8%A7%D8%B5:UserLogin&returnto=%D8%A7%D9%84%DA%A9%D9%86%D8%AF%DB%8C" title="You are encouraged to log in; however, it is not mandatory [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>دٲخِل گَژھُن</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Pages for logged out editors <a href="/wiki/%D9%85%D9%8E%D8%AF%D9%8E%D8%AA%DA%BE:%D8%AA%D9%8E%D8%B9%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%8F%D9%81" aria-label="تَرمیٖم کٲری مُتلِق ہیٚچھِو"><span>مٔزیٖد وُچھِو</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D8%AE%D8%A7%D8%B5:MyTalk" title="Discussion about edits from this IP address [n]" accesskey="n"><span>کَتھ</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="سایِٹ"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="فِہرِست" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">فِہرِست</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">اَنٛد کُن تھٲوِو</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">کٔھٹِتھ</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">اِبتِدا</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-کامیٲبی" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#کامیٲبی"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>کامیٲبی</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-کامیٲبی-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-حَوالہٕ" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#حَوالہٕ"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>حَوالہٕ</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-حَوالہٕ-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="فِہرِست" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">الکندی</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 71 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-71" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">71 زَبانہٕ</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al-Kindi" title="Al-Kindi – اَفریٖکانز" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Al-Kindi" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="اَفریٖکانز" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8A%A0%E1%88%8D_%E1%8A%AA%E1%8A%95%E1%8B%B2" title="አል ኪንዲ – اَمہاری" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="አል ኪንዲ" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="اَمہاری" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="good article badge"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%83%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%8A" title="الكندي – عربی" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="الكندي" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="عربی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%83%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%89" title="الكندى – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="الكندى" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kindi" title="Kindi – اَزَربیجانی" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Kindi" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="اَزَربیجانی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%A8%D9%88_%DB%8C%D9%88%D8%B3%D9%81_%D8%A7%D9%84%DA%A9%D9%86%D8%AF%DB%8C" title="ابو یوسف الکندی – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="ابو یوسف الکندی" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%86%E0%A6%B2-%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A6%E0%A6%BF" title="আল-কিন্দি – بَنگٲلؠ" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="আল-কিন্দি" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="بَنگٲلؠ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/El-Kindi" title="El-Kindi – بوسنِیَن" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="El-Kindi" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="بوسنِیَن" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al-Kind%C3%AD" title="Al-Kindí – کَتلان" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Al-Kindí" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="کَتلان" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%DB%8C%D9%86%D8%AF%DB%8C" title="کیندی – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="کیندی" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alkindus" title="Alkindus – چیک" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Alkindus" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="چیک" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al-Kind%C4%AB" title="Al-Kindī – جٔرمَن" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Al-Kindī" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="جٔرمَن" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%91%CE%BB-%CE%9A%CE%AF%CE%BD%CF%84%CE%B9" title="Αλ-Κίντι – یوٗنٲنی" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Αλ-Κίντι" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="یوٗنٲنی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al-Kindi" title="Al-Kindi – اَنگیٖزؠ" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Al-Kindi" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="اَنگیٖزؠ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al-Kindi" title="Al-Kindi – ایسپَرینٹو" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Al-Kindi" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="ایسپَرینٹو" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al-Kindi" title="Al-Kindi – ہسپانوی" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Al-Kindi" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="ہسپانوی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ab%C5%AB_al-Kind%C4%AB" title="Abū al-Kindī – ایسٹونیَن" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Abū al-Kindī" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="ایسٹونیَن" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al-Kindi" title="Al-Kindi – باسک" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Al-Kindi" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="باسک" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%A8%D9%88%DB%8C%D9%88%D8%B3%D9%81_%DA%A9%D9%86%D8%AF%DB%8C" title="ابویوسف کندی – فارسی" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="ابویوسف کندی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="فارسی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al-Kindi" title="Al-Kindi – فِنِش" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Al-Kindi" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="فِنِش" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al-Kindi" title="Al-Kindi – فرانسیسی" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Al-Kindi" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="فرانسیسی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al-Kindi" title="Al-Kindi – گیلِشِیَن" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Al-Kindi" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="گیلِشِیَن" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%90%D7%9C-%D7%9B%D7%A0%D7%93%D7%99" title="אל-כנדי – عبرٲنؠ" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="אל-כנדי" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="عبرٲنؠ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%B2-%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%80" title="अल-किंदी – ہِندی" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="अल-किंदी" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="ہِندی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al_Kindi" title="Al Kindi – کروشِیَن" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Al Kindi" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="کروشِیَن" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al-Kindi" title="Al-Kindi – ہَنگیریَن" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Al-Kindi" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="ہَنگیریَن" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B1%D5%AC-%D5%94%D5%AB%D5%B6%D5%A4%D5%AB" title="Ալ-Քինդի – اَرمینیَن" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Ալ-Քինդի" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="اَرمینیَن" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al-Kindi" title="Al-Kindi – اِنڈونیشیا" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Al-Kindi" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="اِنڈونیشیا" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al-Kindi" title="Al-Kindi – اِطالوی" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Al-Kindi" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="اِطالوی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%AD%E3%83%B3%E3%83%87%E3%82%A3%E3%83%BC" title="キンディー – جاپٲنؠ" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="キンディー" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="جاپٲنؠ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al-Kindi" title="Al-Kindi – جَوَنیٖز" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Al-Kindi" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="جَوَنیٖز" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D3%98%D0%B1%D1%83_%D0%96%D2%AF%D1%81%D1%96%D0%BF_%D3%98%D0%BB-%D0%9A%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B8" title="Әбу Жүсіп Әл-Кинди – کازَخ" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Әбу Жүсіп Әл-Кинди" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="کازَخ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%82%A8%EB%94%94" title="킨디 – کوریَن" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="킨디" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="کوریَن" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kind%C3%AE" title="Kindî – کُردِش" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Kindî" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="کُردِش" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BB%D1%8C-%D0%9A%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B8" title="Аль-Кинди – کِرگِز" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Аль-Кинди" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="کِرگِز" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alkindus" title="Alkindus – لاتیٖنی" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Alkindus" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="لاتیٖنی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ab%C5%AB_J%C5%ABsufs_el_Kind%C4%AB" title="Abū Jūsufs el Kindī – لَتوِیَن" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Abū Jūsufs el Kindī" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="لَتوِیَن" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%95%D0%BB_%D0%9A%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B8" title="Ел Кинди – میکَڈونیَن" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Ел Кинди" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="میکَڈونیَن" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%85%E0%B5%BD_%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%A8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A6%E0%B4%BF" title="അൽ കിന്ദി – مٔلیالَم" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="അൽ കിന്ദി" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="مٔلیالَم" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ibn_Ishaq_Al-Kindi" title="Ibn Ishaq Al-Kindi – مَلَے" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Ibn Ishaq Al-Kindi" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="مَلَے" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al-Kindi" title="Al-Kindi – ڈَچ" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Al-Kindi" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="ڈَچ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al-Kindi" title="Al-Kindi – ناروییَن بوکمال" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Al-Kindi" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="ناروییَن بوکمال" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al-Kindi" title="Al-Kindi – اوکسیٖٹَن" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Al-Kindi" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="اوکسیٖٹَن" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%85%E0%A8%B2-%E0%A8%95%E0%A8%BF%E0%A9%B0%E0%A8%A6%E0%A9%80" title="ਅਲ-ਕਿੰਦੀ – پَنجٲبؠ" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਅਲ-ਕਿੰਦੀ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="پَنجٲبؠ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al-Kindi" title="Al-Kindi – پالِش" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Al-Kindi" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="پالِش" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DB%8C%D8%B9%D9%82%D9%88%D8%A8_%D8%A7%D8%A8%D9%86_%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AD%D8%A7%D9%82_%D8%A7%D9%84%DA%A9%D9%86%D8%AF%DB%8C" title="یعقوب ابن اسحاق الکندی – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="یعقوب ابن اسحاق الکندی" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%8A%D8%B9%D9%82%D9%88%D8%A8_%DA%A9%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%8A" title="يعقوب کندي – پَشتوٗ" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="يعقوب کندي" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="پَشتوٗ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alquindi" title="Alquindi – پُرتَگیٖز" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Alquindi" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="پُرتَگیٖز" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al-Kindi" title="Al-Kindi – رومٲنی" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Al-Kindi" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="رومٲنی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BB%D1%8C-%D0%9A%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B8" title="Аль-Кинди – روٗسی" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Аль-Кинди" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="روٗسی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%DA%AA%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%8A" title="الڪندي – سِندی" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="الڪندي" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="سِندی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al-Kindi" title="Al-Kindi – سیربو کروشِیَن" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Al-Kindi" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="سیربو کروشِیَن" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al-Kindi" title="Al-Kindi – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Al-Kindi" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al-Kind%C3%AD" title="Al-Kindí – سلووَک" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Al-Kindí" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="سلووَک" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-skr mw-list-item"><a href="https://skr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DB%8C%D8%B9%D9%82%D9%88%D8%A8_%D8%A7%D8%A8%D9%86_%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AD%D8%A7%D9%82_%D8%A7%D9%84%DA%A9%D9%86%D8%AF%DB%8C" title="یعقوب ابن اسحاق الکندی – Saraiki" lang="skr" hreflang="skr" data-title="یعقوب ابن اسحاق الکندی" data-language-autonym="سرائیکی" data-language-local-name="Saraiki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سرائیکی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al-Kindi" title="Al-Kindi – سلووینیَن" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Al-Kindi" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="سلووینیَن" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/El-Kindi" title="El-Kindi – البانِیَن" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="El-Kindi" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="البانِیَن" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%95%D0%BB_%D0%9A%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B8" title="Ел Кинди – سٔربِیَن" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Ел Кинди" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="سٔربِیَن" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yakub_bin_Ishak_Al-Kindi" title="Yakub bin Ishak Al-Kindi – سَنڈَنیٖز" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Yakub bin Ishak Al-Kindi" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="سَنڈَنیٖز" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al-Kindi" title="Al-Kindi – سویٖڈِش" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Al-Kindi" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="سویٖڈِش" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%85%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%8D-%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%A8%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%BF" title="அல்-கிந்தி – تَمِل" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="அல்-கிந்தி" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="تَمِل" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B1%D3%AF%D1%8E%D1%81%D1%83%D1%84%D0%B8_%D0%9A%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B4%D3%A3" title="Абӯюсуфи Киндӣ – تاجِک" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Абӯюсуфи Киндӣ" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="تاجِک" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tk mw-list-item"><a href="https://tk.wikipedia.org/wiki/El-Kindi" title="El-Kindi – تُرکمین" lang="tk" hreflang="tk" data-title="El-Kindi" data-language-autonym="Türkmençe" data-language-local-name="تُرکمین" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkmençe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kind%C3%AE" title="Kindî – تُرکِش" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Kindî" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="تُرکِش" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BB%D1%8C-%D0%9A%D1%96%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%96" title="Аль-Кінді – یوٗکرینیٲیی" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Аль-Кінді" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="یوٗکرینیٲیی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DB%8C%D8%B9%D9%82%D9%88%D8%A8_%D8%A7%D8%A8%D9%86_%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AD%D8%A7%D9%82_%D8%A7%D9%84%DA%A9%D9%86%D8%AF%DB%8C" title="یعقوب ابن اسحاق الکندی – اُردوٗ" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="یعقوب ابن اسحاق الکندی" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="اُردوٗ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kindiy" title="Kindiy – اُزبیک" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Kindiy" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="اُزبیک" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%82%AF%E8%BF%AA" title="肯迪 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="肯迪" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%90%E1%83%9A-%E1%83%99%E1%83%98%E1%83%9C%E1%83%93%E1%83%98" title="ალ-კინდი – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="ალ-კინდი" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%82%AF%E8%BF%AA" title="肯迪 – چیٖنی ﴿ترجمع اِشارٕ: خاص طور، مینڈارن چیٖنی۔﴾" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="肯迪" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="چیٖنی ﴿ترجمع اِشارٕ: خاص طور، مینڈارن چیٖنی۔﴾" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%82%AF%E8%BF%AA" title="肯迪 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="肯迪" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q179759#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">اؠڈِٹ کُنٛڈٕ</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="ناوجاے"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%DA%A9%D9%86%D8%AF%DB%8C" title="مَواد 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vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Appearance</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">اَنٛد کُن تھٲوِو</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">کٔھٹِتھ</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">وِکیٖپیٖڈیا پؠٹھٕ، اَکھ آزاد اِنسایکلوپیٖڈیا</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-rtl mw-parser-output" lang="ks" dir="rtl"><table class="infobox vcard" style="width:22em"><tbody><tr><th class="fn" colspan="2" style="background-color:#007BA7;text-align:center;font-weight:bold;color:#ffffff;padding:0.5em 0;margin:0.5em 0;font-size:125%">یعقوب ابن اسحاق الکندی</th></tr><tr><th colspan="2" style="text-align:center;max-width:240px;font-weight:bold;padding:0.5em 0;margin:0.5em 0;font-size:90%">اَصٕل ناو <a href="/wiki/%D8%B9%D8%B1%D8%A8%DB%8C" class="mw-redirect" title="عربی">عربی</a> زَبانہِ مَنٛز: الكندي</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="text-align:center"><span typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/%D9%81%D9%8E%DB%8C%D9%90%D9%84:Al-Kindi_Portrait.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/39/Al-Kindi_Portrait.jpg" decoding="async" width="248" height="316" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="248" data-file-height="316" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="line-height:1.1em;padding-right:0.65em;padding-top:0.225em">پٲدٲیِش</th><td style="line-height:1.4em;max-width:180px">1 جَنؤری 0801<br />کوفَہ، <a href="/wiki/%D8%B9%D9%90%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%82" title="عِراق">عِراق</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="line-height:1.1em;padding-right:0.65em;padding-top:0.225em">وَفات</th><td style="line-height:1.4em;max-width:180px">جَنؤری 1, 873<span style="display:none">(873-01-01)</span> (ؤری 72)<br /><a href="/wiki/%D8%A8%D9%8E%D8%BA%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%AF" title="بَغداد">بَغداد</a>، <a href="/wiki/%D8%B9%D9%90%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%82" title="عِراق">عِراق</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="line-height:1.1em;padding-right:0.65em;padding-top:0.225em">پٲدٲیِش ناو</th><td style="line-height:1.4em;max-width:180px"><span><span><span lang="ar">أبو يوسف يعقوب بن إسحاق الصبّاح الكندي</span></span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="line-height:1.1em;padding-right:0.65em;padding-top:0.225em">فرضی ناو</th><td style="line-height:1.4em;max-width:180px"><span><span>Abú-Júsuf ibn Ishák</span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="line-height:1.1em;padding-right:0.65em;padding-top:0.225em">رِشتہٕ دار</th><td style="line-height:1.4em;max-width:180px"><span><span>محمد ابن الاشعث الکندی</span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="line-height:1.1em;padding-right:0.65em;padding-top:0.225em">مُقٲمی زَبان</th><td style="line-height:1.4em;max-width:180px"><span><span><a href="/wiki/%D8%B9%D9%8E%D8%B1%D8%A8%DB%8C_%D8%B2%D9%8E%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%86" title="عَربی زَبان">عَربی زَبان</a></span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="line-height:1.1em;padding-right:0.65em;padding-top:0.225em">زَبانہٕ</th><td style="line-height:1.4em;max-width:180px"><span><span><a href="/wiki/%D8%B9%D9%8E%D8%B1%D8%A8%DB%8C_%D8%B2%D9%8E%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%86" title="عَربی زَبان">عَربی زَبان</a></span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="line-height:1.1em;padding-right:0.65em;padding-top:0.225em">نوکری</th><td style="line-height:1.4em;max-width:180px"><span><span>بیت الحکمت</span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="line-height:1.1em;padding-right:0.65em;padding-top:0.225em">طٲلبہٕ عٔلِم</th><td style="line-height:1.4em;max-width:180px"><span><span>جعفر بن محمد ابوالمعشر البلخی</span>، <span>ابوزید بلخی</span>، <span>احمد ابن الطیب السرخسی</span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="line-height:1.1em;padding-right:0.65em;padding-top:0.225em">کامہِ ہٕنٛز جاے</th><td style="line-height:1.4em;max-width:180px"><span><span>Basra</span>، <span><a href="/wiki/%D8%A8%D9%8E%D8%BA%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%AF" title="بَغداد">بَغداد</a></span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="line-height:1.1em;padding-right:0.65em;padding-top:0.225em">مَزہَب</th><td style="line-height:1.4em;max-width:180px"><span><span><a href="/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%90%D8%B3%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%85" title="اِسلام">اِسلام</a></span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="line-height:1.1em;padding-right:0.65em;padding-top:0.225em">کامہِ ہٕنٛز فِہرِست</th><td style="line-height:1.4em;max-width:180px"><span><span>List of al-Kindi's works</span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="line-height:1.1em;padding-right:0.65em;padding-top:0.225em">Kunya</th><td style="line-height:1.4em;max-width:180px"><span><span>ابو یوسف</span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="line-height:1.1em;padding-right:0.65em;padding-top:0.225em">فقہی مذہب</th><td style="line-height:1.4em;max-width:180px"><span><span>Zaidism</span></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="text-align:center"><div style="border-style: solid; border-color:gray; border-width: 1px 0 0 0; margin-top: 2em; text-align: center;"><a class="external text" href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q179759">وِکی ڈیٹا پؠٹھ کٔرِو اؠڈِٹ</a> <span class="mw-valign-baseline noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q179759" title="اؠڈِٹ"><img alt="اؠڈِٹ" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/22px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/33px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/44px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1050" data-file-height="590" /></a></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>أبو یوسف یعقوب بن إسحاق الصبّاح الكندی</b> اوس اَکھ عرب مُسلمان کثیر الثقافتی یُس بطور فلسفی، <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%A7%D8%B6%DB%8C_%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%86&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ریاضی دان (صَفہٕ چھُنہٕ موٗجوٗد)">ریاضی دان</a> ،طبیب تہٕ موٗسیٖقی تھیوریسٹ اوس۔ <sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> سُہ اوس گۄدٕنیُک <a href="/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%AA%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%A6%DB%8C_%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%84%D9%B2%D9%85%DB%8C_%D9%81%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%81%DB%81%D9%95" title="ابتدائی اسلٲمی فلسفہٕ">اسلامی فلسفی</a> تہٕ یہٕ چھ "عربؠ فلاسفیک بَب" مانہٕ یوان ۔<sup id="cite_ref-Nasr137To138_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Nasr137To138-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>الکندی زاو کوفہس مَنٛز تہٕ کٔرٕن <a href="/wiki/%D8%A8%D9%8E%D8%BA%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%AF" title="بَغداد">بغدادس</a> مَنٛز تٲلیٖم حٲصِل۔<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> سُہٕ بنیو ہاؤس آف وزڈمس مَنٛز اَکھ ممتاز شخصیت، تہٕ متعدد عباسی خلیفن کوٚر سُہ یونٲنی سائنسی تہٕ فلسفیانہٕ متنن عربی زبانہِ مَنٛز ترجمہٕ ہنٛز نگرٲنی خٲطرٕ مقرر۔ امہٕ پتہٕ لیچھ تم مابعد الطبیعیات، اخلاقیات، منطق تہٕ نفسیات، طب، فارماکولوجی، ریاضی، فلکیات، علم نجوم تہٕ آپٹکس تام مختلف موضوعاتن پؠٹھ پنن ہتہٕ بٔد اصل مقالہٕ، تہٕ مزید عملی موضوعات یَتھ کٔنؠ عطر، تلوار، جواہر، شیش، رنگ، حیوانیات<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECorbin1993155_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECorbin1993155-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAdamson200533_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAdamson200533-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAdamson20077_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAdamson20077-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/%DA%AF%D8%B1%D9%9B%D8%A0%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%8F%D8%AA" title="گرٛؠندُت">ریاضی</a> ہنٛدس میدانس مَنٛز، الکندی ین کوٚر اسلامی دنیاہس مَنٛز ہندو ہندسن متعارف کرنس مَنٛز اہم کردار ادا۔ تہٕ الخوارزمی سٟتؠ سٟتؠ عربی ہندسن مَنٛز یمن ہنٛز مزید ترقی یُس بالآخر باقی دنیاہن اپناو۔<sup id="cite_ref-st-and1_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-st-and1-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> الخلیل (717–786) سنٛز کٲم پؠٹھ تعمیر کٔرِتھ، الکندی سنٛز کتاب یمک عنوان چھُ مخطوطہٕ کرپٹوگرافک پیغامات سمجھنہٕ کس عنوان سٟتؠ کرپٹ اینالیسس جنم دیُت، شماریاتی تخمینک گۄڈنیُٛک معلوم اِستِمال، تہٕ سائفر توڑنک کنہہ نئؠ طریقہٕ متعارف کٔر، خاص طور پٲنٹھ فریکوئنسی تجزیہٕ۔<sup id="cite_ref-singh_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-singh-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> سُہ گوٚو اَکھ یُتھ پیمانہٕ بناونس مَنٛز کامیاب، یُس <a href="/wiki/%DA%88%D8%A7%DA%A9%D9%B9%D9%8E%D8%B1" title="ڈاکٹَر">ڈاکٹرن</a> <a href="/wiki/%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%A7%D8%B6%DB%8C" class="mw-redirect" title="ریاضی">ریاضی</a> تہٕ <a href="/wiki/%D8%B7%D9%90%D8%A8" class="mw-redirect" title="طِب">طب</a> کس بارس مَنٛز تٔمؠ سٕنٛدس علمس یکجا کٔرِتھ پننہٕ دوا کس تاثیرُک اندازٕ لگاونس قٲبل ٲس۔<sup id="cite_ref-LB_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-LB-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="کامیٲبی"><span id=".DA.A9.D8.A7.D9.85.DB.8C.D9.B2.D8.A8.DB.8C"></span>کامیٲبی</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D8%A7%D9%84%DA%A9%D9%86%D8%AF%DB%8C&action=edit&section=1" title="حِصہٕ اؠڈِٹ: کامیٲبی"><span>اؠڈِٹ</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>عرب کتابہٕ نگار ابن الندیم سند مطٲبق، الکندی لیچھ کم کھوتہٕ کم زٕ ہتھ شیٹھ کتابہٕ، یم جیومیٹری (بتیس کتابہٕ)، طب تہٕ فلسفہٕ (ہر اکہٕ 22 کتابہٕ)، منطق (نو کتابہٕ)، تہٕ طبیعیات (باہ کتابہٕ) مَنٛز چھِ واریاہ زیٛادٕ تعاون کران۔<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECorbin1993154–155_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECorbin1993154–155-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> اگرچہ تیم سٕنز زیٛادٕ تر <a href="/w/index.php?title=%DA%A9%D9%90%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%A8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="کِتاب (صَفہٕ چھُنہٕ موٗجوٗد)">کتابہٕ</a> چھِ صٔدیو پیٹھہٕ رٲومٕژ، مگر کینٛہہ چھِ جیرارڈ آف کریمونا کہِ لاطینی ترجمن ہندِس شکلہِ مَنٛز زندٕ، تہٕ باقٕے چھِ عربی مخطوطن مَنٛز دوبارٕہ دریافت کرنہٕ آمٕتؠ۔ سارِوٕے کھوتہٕ اہم کتھ چھِ یہٕ زِ تیم سٕنز رٲومٕژ کٲم ٲس وُہِمہِ صدی کہِ وسطس مَنٛز ایکِس ترک لائبریری مَنٛز واقع۔<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKlein-Franke2001172–173_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKlein-Franke2001172–173-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="حَوالہٕ"><span id=".D8.AD.D9.8E.D9.88.D8.A7.D9.84.DB.81.D9.95"></span>حَوالہٕ</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D8%A7%D9%84%DA%A9%D9%86%D8%AF%DB%8C&action=edit&section=2" title="حِصہٕ اؠڈِٹ: حَوالہٕ"><span>اؠڈِٹ</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r55850">.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%;margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:90%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r37289">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-free a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-registration a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-subscription a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration{color:#555}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription span,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration span{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output code.cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#33aa33;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}</style><cite id="CITEREFGreenberg2008" class="citation book cs1">Greenberg، Yudit Kornberg (2008). <i>Encyclopedia of love in world religions</i>. <b>1</b>. ABC-CLIO. ص. 405. <a href="/wiki/%D8%A8%D9%8E%DB%8C%D9%86_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%82%D9%88%D9%B2%D9%85%DB%8C_%D9%85%D8%B9%DB%8C%D8%A7%D8%B1_%DA%A9%D9%90%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%A8_%D9%86%D9%8E%D9%85%D8%A8%D9%8E%D8%B1" title="بَین الاقوٲمی معیار کِتاب نَمبَر">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/%D8%AE%D8%A7%D8%B5:BookSources/978-1-85109-980-1" title="خاص:BookSources/978-1-85109-980-1"><bdi>978-1-85109-980-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Encyclopedia+of+love+in+world+religions&rft.pages=405&rft.pub=ABC-CLIO&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-1-85109-980-1&rft.aulast=Greenberg&rft.aufirst=Yudit+Kornberg&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fks.wikipedia.org%3A%D8%A7%D9%84%DA%A9%D9%86%D8%AF%DB%8C" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Nasr137To138-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Nasr137To138_2-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r37289"><cite id="CITEREFNasr2006" class="citation book cs1">Nasr، Seyyed Hossein (2006). <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Islamic_Philosophy_from_its_Origin_to_the_Present:_Philosophy_in_the_Land_of_Prophecy&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Islamic Philosophy from its Origin to the Present: Philosophy in the Land of Prophecy (صَفہٕ چھُنہٕ موٗجوٗد)">Islamic philosophy from its origin to the present: philosophy in the land of prophecy</a></i>. State University of New York. pp. 137–138. <a href="/wiki/%D8%A8%D9%8E%DB%8C%D9%86_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%82%D9%88%D9%B2%D9%85%DB%8C_%D9%85%D8%B9%DB%8C%D8%A7%D8%B1_%DA%A9%D9%90%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%A8_%D9%86%D9%8E%D9%85%D8%A8%D9%8E%D8%B1" title="بَین الاقوٲمی معیار کِتاب نَمبَر">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/%D8%AE%D8%A7%D8%B5:BookSources/978-0-7914-6799-2" title="خاص:BookSources/978-0-7914-6799-2"><bdi>978-0-7914-6799-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Islamic+philosophy+from+its+origin+to+the+present%3A+philosophy+in+the+land+of+prophecy&rft.pages=137-138&rft.pub=State+University+of+New+York&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=978-0-7914-6799-2&rft.aulast=Nasr&rft.aufirst=Seyyed+Hossein&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fks.wikipedia.org%3A%D8%A7%D9%84%DA%A9%D9%86%D8%AF%DB%8C" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-3">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r37289"><cite id="CITEREFAbboud2006" class="citation book cs1">Abboud، Tony (2006). <i>Al-Kindi: the father of Arab philosophy</i>. Rosen. <a href="/wiki/%D8%A8%D9%8E%DB%8C%D9%86_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%82%D9%88%D9%B2%D9%85%DB%8C_%D9%85%D8%B9%DB%8C%D8%A7%D8%B1_%DA%A9%D9%90%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%A8_%D9%86%D9%8E%D9%85%D8%A8%D9%8E%D8%B1" title="بَین الاقوٲمی معیار کِتاب نَمبَر">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/%D8%AE%D8%A7%D8%B5:BookSources/978-1-4042-0511-6" title="خاص:BookSources/978-1-4042-0511-6"><bdi>978-1-4042-0511-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Al-Kindi%3A+the+father+of+Arab+philosophy&rft.pub=Rosen&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=978-1-4042-0511-6&rft.aulast=Abboud&rft.aufirst=Tony&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fks.wikipedia.org%3A%D8%A7%D9%84%DA%A9%D9%86%D8%AF%DB%8C" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-4">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r37289"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071026091801/https://www-gap.dcs.st-and.ac.uk/~history/Biographies/Al-Kindi.html">"Al-Kindi biography"</a>. <i>www-groups.dcs.st-and.ac.uk</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www-gap.dcs.st-and.ac.uk/~history/Biographies/Al-Kindi.html">the original</a> on 26 October 2007.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www-groups.dcs.st-and.ac.uk&rft.atitle=Al-Kindi+biography&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww-gap.dcs.st-and.ac.uk%2F~history%2FBiographies%2FAl-Kindi.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fks.wikipedia.org%3A%D8%A7%D9%84%DA%A9%D9%86%D8%AF%DB%8C" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECorbin1993155-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECorbin1993155_5-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFCorbin1993">Corbin 1993</a>, p. 155.<span class="error harv-error" style="display: none; font-size:100%"> sfn error: no target: CITEREFCorbin1993 (<a href="/w/index.php?title=%D8%B2%D9%B2%DA%98:Harv_and_Sfn_template_errors&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="زٲژ:Harv and Sfn template errors (صَفہٕ چھُنہٕ موٗجوٗد)">help</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEAdamson200533-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAdamson200533_6-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFAdamson2005">Adamson 2005</a>, p. 33.<span class="error harv-error" style="display: none; font-size:100%"> sfn error: no target: CITEREFAdamson2005 (<a href="/w/index.php?title=%D8%B2%D9%B2%DA%98:Harv_and_Sfn_template_errors&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="زٲژ:Harv and Sfn template errors (صَفہٕ چھُنہٕ موٗجوٗد)">help</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEAdamson20077-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAdamson20077_7-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFAdamson2007">Adamson 2007</a>, p. 7.<span class="error harv-error" style="display: none; font-size:100%"> sfn error: no target: CITEREFAdamson2007 (<a href="/w/index.php?title=%D8%B2%D9%B2%DA%98:Harv_and_Sfn_template_errors&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="زٲژ:Harv and Sfn template errors (صَفہٕ چھُنہٕ موٗجوٗد)">help</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-st-and1-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-st-and1_8-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r37289"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071026091801/http://www-gap.dcs.st-and.ac.uk/~history/Biographies/Al-Kindi.html">"Abu Yusuf Yaqub ibn Ishaq al-Sabbah Al-Kindi"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www-gap.dcs.st-and.ac.uk/~history/Biographies/Al-Kindi.html">the original</a> on 26 October 2007<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 October</span> 2007</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Abu+Yusuf+Yaqub+ibn+Ishaq+al-Sabbah+Al-Kindi&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww-gap.dcs.st-and.ac.uk%2F~history%2FBiographies%2FAl-Kindi.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fks.wikipedia.org%3A%D8%A7%D9%84%DA%A9%D9%86%D8%AF%DB%8C" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-9">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r37289"><cite id="CITEREFBorda2011" class="citation book cs1">Borda، Monica (2011). <i>Fundamentals in Information Theory and Coding</i>. Springer. ص. 122. <q>Al Kindi, an Arab scientist from 9th century is considered the father of cryptology, his book on this subject being, at this moment, the oldest available.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Fundamentals+in+Information+Theory+and+Coding&rft.pages=122&rft.pub=Springer&rft.date=2011&rft.aulast=Borda&rft.aufirst=Monica&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fks.wikipedia.org%3A%D8%A7%D9%84%DA%A9%D9%86%D8%AF%DB%8C" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-10">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation news"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220112/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/science/science-news/4754214/The-man-who-cracked-the-Kama-Sutra-code.html">"The man who cracked the Kama Sutra code"</a>. <i>The Telegraph</i>. 4 October 2000. <a href="/w/index.php?title=International_Standard_Serial_Number&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="International Standard Serial Number (صَفہٕ چھُنہٕ موٗجوٗد)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.worldcat.org/issn/0307-1235">0307-1235</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/science/science-news/4754214/The-man-who-cracked-the-Kama-Sutra-code.html">the original</a> on 12 January 2022<span class="printonly">. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220112/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/science/science-news/4754214/The-man-who-cracked-the-Kama-Sutra-code.html">https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220112/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/science/science-news/4754214/The-man-who-cracked-the-Kama-Sutra-code.html</a></span>.</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=The+man+who+cracked+the+Kama+Sutra+code&rft.jtitle=The+Telegraph&rft.date=4+October+2000&rft.issn=0307-1235&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fghostarchive.org%2Farchive%2F20220112%2Fhttps%3A%2F%2Fwww.telegraph.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fscience%2Fscience-news%2F4754214%2FThe-man-who-cracked-the-Kama-Sutra-code.html&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:%D8%A7%D9%84%DA%A9%D9%86%D8%AF%DB%8C"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-singh-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-singh_11-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r37289"><cite id="CITEREFSingh2000" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Simon_Singh&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Simon Singh (صَفہٕ چھُنہٕ موٗجوٗد)">Singh، Simon</a> (2000). <span class="cs1-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/codebook00simo/page/14"><i>The Code Book</i></a></span>. New York City: Anchor Books. pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/codebook00simo/page/14">14–20</a>. <a href="/wiki/%D8%A8%D9%8E%DB%8C%D9%86_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%82%D9%88%D9%B2%D9%85%DB%8C_%D9%85%D8%B9%DB%8C%D8%A7%D8%B1_%DA%A9%D9%90%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%A8_%D9%86%D9%8E%D9%85%D8%A8%D9%8E%D8%B1" title="بَین الاقوٲمی معیار کِتاب نَمبَر">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/%D8%AE%D8%A7%D8%B5:BookSources/9780385495325" title="خاص:BookSources/9780385495325"><bdi>9780385495325</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Code+Book&rft.place=New+York+City&rft.pages=14-20&rft.pub=Anchor+Books&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=9780385495325&rft.aulast=Singh&rft.aufirst=Simon&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fcodebook00simo%2Fpage%2F14&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fks.wikipedia.org%3A%D8%A7%D9%84%DA%A9%D9%86%D8%AF%DB%8C" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-12">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r37289"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cemse.kaust.edu.sa/stat/al-kindi-distinguished-statistics-lectures">"Al-Kindi Distinguished Statistics Lectures"</a>. <i>Statistics at King Abdullah University of Science and Technology</i>. <q>The lectures are named after Al-Kindi (801–873 CE), a prominent figure in the House of Wisdom, whose book entitled "Manuscript on Deciphering Cryptographic Messages" is believed to be the earliest writing on statistics. In his book, Al-Kindi gave a detailed description on how to decipher encrypted messages using statistics and frequency analysis. This text arguably gave rise to the birth of both statistics and cryptanalysis.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Statistics+at+King+Abdullah+University+of+Science+and+Technology&rft.atitle=Al-Kindi+Distinguished+Statistics+Lectures&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcemse.kaust.edu.sa%2Fstat%2Fal-kindi-distinguished-statistics-lectures&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fks.wikipedia.org%3A%D8%A7%D9%84%DA%A9%D9%86%D8%AF%DB%8C" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-LB-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-LB_13-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r37289"><cite id="CITEREFBroemeling2011" class="citation journal cs1">Broemeling، Lyle D. (1 November 2011). "An Account of Early Statistical Inference in Arab Cryptology". <i>The American Statistician</i>. <b>65</b> (4): 255–257. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Doi_(identifier)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Doi (identifier) (صَفہٕ چھُنہٕ موٗجوٗد)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1198%2Ftas.2011.10191">10.1198/tas.2011.10191</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+American+Statistician&rft.atitle=An+Account+of+Early+Statistical+Inference+in+Arab+Cryptology&rft.volume=65&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=255-257&rft.date=2011-11-01&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1198%2Ftas.2011.10191&rft.aulast=Broemeling&rft.aufirst=Lyle+D.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fks.wikipedia.org%3A%D8%A7%D9%84%DA%A9%D9%86%D8%AF%DB%8C" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECorbin1993154–155-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECorbin1993154–155_14-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFCorbin1993">Corbin 1993</a>, pp. 154–155.<span class="error harv-error" style="display: none; font-size:100%"> sfn error: no target: CITEREFCorbin1993 (<a href="/w/index.php?title=%D8%B2%D9%B2%DA%98:Harv_and_Sfn_template_errors&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="زٲژ:Harv and Sfn template errors (صَفہٕ چھُنہٕ موٗجوٗد)">help</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKlein-Franke2001172–173-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKlein-Franke2001172–173_15-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFKlein-Franke2001">Klein-Franke 2001</a>, pp. 172–173.<span class="error harv-error" style="display: none; font-size:100%"> sfn error: no target: CITEREFKlein-Franke2001 (<a href="/w/index.php?title=%D8%B2%D9%B2%DA%98:Harv_and_Sfn_template_errors&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="زٲژ:Harv and Sfn template errors (صَفہٕ چھُنہٕ موٗجوٗد)">help</a>)</span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> 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