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<li id="toc-Higher_Education_Amendments_of_1972" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Higher_Education_Amendments_of_1972"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Higher Education Amendments of 1972</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Higher_Education_Amendments_of_1972-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Education_Amendments_of_1978" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Education_Amendments_of_1978"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Education Amendments of 1978</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Education_Amendments_of_1978-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Recent_legislation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Recent_legislation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>Recent legislation</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Recent_legislation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Application" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Application"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Application</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Application-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Application subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Application-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Eligibility" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Eligibility"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Eligibility</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Eligibility-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Award_amount" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Award_amount"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Award amount</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Award_amount-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Uses_of_grant" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Uses_of_grant"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Uses of grant</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Uses_of_grant-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Impact" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Impact"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Impact</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Impact-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Appropriations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Appropriations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Appropriations</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Appropriations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Awards_information" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Awards_information"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Awards information</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Awards_information-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Federal_Pell_Grant_lifetime_eligibility_calculator" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Federal_Pell_Grant_lifetime_eligibility_calculator"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Federal Pell Grant lifetime eligibility calculator</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Federal_Pell_Grant_lifetime_eligibility_calculator-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span 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from <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pell_grant&redirect=no" class="mw-redirect" title="Pell grant">Pell grant</a>)</span></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">U.S. federal student aid subsidy</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p><p>A <b>Pell Grant</b> is a <a href="/wiki/Subsidy" title="Subsidy">subsidy</a> the <a href="/wiki/U.S._federal_government" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. federal government">U.S. federal government</a> provides for students who need it to pay for college. Federal Pell Grants are limited to students with exceptional financial need, who have not earned their first <a href="/wiki/Bachelor%27s_degree" title="Bachelor's degree">bachelor's degree</a>, or who are enrolled in certain post-baccalaureate programs, through participating institutions.<sup id="cite_ref-PELL_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-PELL-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-HowCalculated_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HowCalculated-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Originally known as a Basic Educational Opportunity Grant, it was renamed in 1980 in honor of <a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_(United_States)" title="Democratic Party (United States)">Democratic</a> U.S. Senator <a href="/wiki/Claiborne_Pell" title="Claiborne Pell">Claiborne Pell</a> of <a href="/wiki/Rhode_Island" title="Rhode Island">Rhode Island</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A Pell Grant is generally considered the foundation of a student's financial aid package, to which other forms of aid are added.<sup id="cite_ref-USDOE_1_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-USDOE_1-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Federal Pell Grant program is administered by the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Education" title="United States Department of Education">United States Department of Education</a>, which determines the student's financial need and through it, the student's Pell eligibility. The U.S. Department of Education uses a standard formula to evaluate financial information reported on the <a href="/wiki/Free_Application_for_Federal_Student_Aid" class="mw-redirect" title="Free Application for Federal Student Aid">Free Application for Federal Student Aid</a> (FAFSA) for determining the student's <a href="/wiki/Expected_Family_Contribution" class="mw-redirect" title="Expected Family Contribution">Expected Family Contribution</a> (EFC).<sup id="cite_ref-College_Board_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-College_Board-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Pell Grants were created by the <a href="/wiki/Higher_Education_Act_of_1965" title="Higher Education Act of 1965">Higher Education Act of 1965</a>. These federal funded grants are not loans, and need not be repaid. Students may use their grants at any one of approximately 5,400 participating postsecondary institutions. These federally funded grants help about 5.4 million full-time and part-time college and vocational school students nationally.<sup id="cite_ref-MOHE_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MOHE-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As of the 2017–2018 academic year, the top three funded universities by total grant money were <a href="/wiki/City_University_of_New_York" title="City University of New York">CUNY</a> ($638 million), <a href="/wiki/State_University_of_New_York" title="State University of New York">SUNY</a> ($323 million), and the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Phoenix" title="University of Phoenix">University of Phoenix</a> ($197 million); three of the top ten funded colleges were <a href="/wiki/For-profit_college" class="mw-redirect" title="For-profit college">for-profit colleges</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Distribution_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Distribution-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pell_Grant&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-Update plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Update" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Ambox_current_red_Americas.svg/42px-Ambox_current_red_Americas.svg.png" decoding="async" width="42" height="34" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Ambox_current_red_Americas.svg/63px-Ambox_current_red_Americas.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Ambox_current_red_Americas.svg/84px-Ambox_current_red_Americas.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="360" data-file-height="290" /></span></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This article needs to be <b>updated</b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">October 2024</span>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Today, the Pell Grant program assists undergraduates of low-income families, who are actively attending universities and or other secondary institutions. However, before the Pell Grant became what it is today, it went through numerous changes. </p><p>In 1965, <a href="/wiki/United_States_Congress" title="United States Congress">Congress</a> passed the <a href="/wiki/Higher_Education_Act_of_1965" title="Higher Education Act of 1965">Higher Education Act of 1965</a> (HEA). President <a href="/wiki/Lyndon_B._Johnson" title="Lyndon B. Johnson">Lyndon B. Johnson</a> implemented the HEA as a part of his administration's agenda to assist and improve higher education in the United States. It was the initial legislation to benefit lower- and middle-income students. The HEA program included not only grants but also low-interest loans to students who did not qualify for grants. Universities and other institutions, such as vocational schools, benefited as well from the HEA program, by receiving federal aid to improve the quality of the education process. Student aid programs administered by the US Department of Education are contained in Title IV of the HEA and so are called "Title IV Programs." </p><p>In 1972, <a href="/wiki/Title_IX" title="Title IX">Title IX</a> Higher Education Amendments were a response to the distribution of aid in the current grant. Senator <a href="/wiki/Claiborne_Pell" title="Claiborne Pell">Claiborne Pell</a> set forth the initial movements to reform the HEA. <a href="/wiki/Lois_Rice" title="Lois Rice">Lois Rice</a>, an American corporate executive, scholar and education policy expert is known as the "mother of the Pell Grant" for her work lobbying for its creation. Opportunity Grant Program (Basic Grant) were intended to serve as the "floor" or "foundation" of an undergraduate student's financial aid package. Other financial aid, to the extent that it was available, would be added to the Basic Grant up to the limit of a student's financial need. Most changes to the federal student aid program result from a process called <i><a href="/wiki/Reauthorization" class="mw-redirect" title="Reauthorization">reauthorization</a></i>. Through the process of reauthorization, Congress examines the status of each program and decides whether to continue that program and whether a continued program requires changes in structure or purpose. Congress has reauthorized campus-based programs every five or six years, beginning in 1972. </p><p>In 1994, Congress passed the <a href="/wiki/Violent_Crime_Control_and_Law_Enforcement_Act" title="Violent Crime Control and Law Enforcement Act">Violent Crime Control and Law Enforcement Act</a> (VCCLEA), a provision of which revoked Pell Grant funding "to any individual who is incarcerated in any federal or state penal institution."<sup id="cite_ref-SpearIt1_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SpearIt1-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A provision of this Act overturned a section of the Higher Education Act of 1965, which created the Pell Grant for postsecondary education. The provision reads, "No basic grant shall be awarded under this subpart to any individual who is incarcerated in any Federal or State penal institution."<sup id="cite_ref-SpearIt1_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SpearIt1-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Prisoners first became eligible for basic grant funding in 1972. As the principal design of the Pell Grant was to help low-income individuals attain post-secondary education, including prisoners was consistent with the goal. The grant aimed to reach those who might not otherwise have an opportunity to enroll in college study or vocational training programs. Including prisoners for funding was based on the notion that higher education improved the lives of inmates, reduced recidivism, and contributed to a more orderly institution.<sup id="cite_ref-SpearIt2_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SpearIt2-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>There has been some advocacy for reinstating Pell Grant funding for all prisoners who would qualify, despite their incarceration status, by members of the House of Representatives who introduced the Restoring Education and Learning Act (REAL Act) in the spring of 2014.<sup id="cite_ref-SpearIt2_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SpearIt2-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> At the executive level, the Obama administration backed a program at the Department of Education that would have allowed for a limited lifting of the ban for some prisoners called the Second Chance Pell Pilot.<sup id="cite_ref-SpearIt1_9-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SpearIt1-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The ban was lifted by the <a href="/wiki/Consolidated_Appropriations_Act,_2021" title="Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2021">Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2021</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Higher_Education_Amendments_of_1972">Higher Education Amendments of 1972</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pell_Grant&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Higher Education Amendments of 1972"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Claiborne_Pell.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Claiborne Pell" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Claiborne_Pell.jpg/220px-Claiborne_Pell.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="280" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Claiborne_Pell.jpg/330px-Claiborne_Pell.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Claiborne_Pell.jpg/440px-Claiborne_Pell.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2542" data-file-height="3235" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Claiborne_Pell" title="Claiborne Pell">Claiborne Pell</a></figcaption></figure> <p>The Higher <a href="/wiki/Education_Amendments_of_1972" title="Education Amendments of 1972">Education Amendments of 1972</a> reauthorized the three campus-based programs, leaving the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Economic_Opportunity_Grant_Program&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Economic Opportunity Grant Program (page does not exist)">Economic Opportunity Grant Program</a> with the same name, but renaming the two others: the National Defense Student Loan Program became the National Direct Student Loan or <a href="/wiki/Federal_Direct_Student_Loan_Program" title="Federal Direct Student Loan Program">Federal Direct Student Loan Program</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Federal_Supplemental_Educational_Opportunity_Grant" title="Federal Supplemental Educational Opportunity Grant">Federal Supplemental Educational Opportunity Grant</a> Program (<a href="/wiki/SEOG" class="mw-redirect" title="SEOG">SEOG</a>). In addition, for-profit schools became eligible to use Title IV Funds. Also, the Educational Opportunity Grant Program was changed to no longer function as a stand-alone program of gift aid but instead was linked with the Basic Grant Program. </p><p>In 1978, the Middle Income Student Assistance Act of 1978 (<a href="/w/index.php?title=MISAA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="MISAA (page does not exist)">MISAA</a>) was signed into act by President <a href="/wiki/Jimmy_Carter" title="Jimmy Carter">Jimmy Carter</a>. This bill provides more generous Basic Educational Opportunity Grant, Pell Grants to low-income students, and makes students from families with incomes up to about $25,000 eligible. An additional 1.5 million students from middle-income families became eligible for the Basic Grants program.<sup id="cite_ref-APP_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-APP-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Education_Amendments_of_1978">Education Amendments of 1978</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pell_Grant&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Education Amendments of 1978"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Starting in 1978, families were able to borrow $300 a year for each dependent child in school regardless of income. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Recent_legislation">Recent legislation</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pell_Grant&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Recent legislation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Several changes to the program occurred in 2011. The maximum award amount for the 2011–2012 award year is $5,500.<sup id="cite_ref-USDOE_2_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-USDOE_2-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Despite a shortened application process, fewer funds for the 2011–2012 program could lead to financial problems for many students. The government funded the program at $17.1 billion from 2008 to 2010, as part of the <a href="/wiki/American_Recovery_and_Reinvestment_Act_of_2009" title="American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009">American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009</a>. However, the additional funding does not match the needs of increasing numbers of students who enroll in college and qualify for aid through the recession.<sup id="cite_ref-Hopkins_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hopkins-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Pell Grant program was subject to a $5.7 billion decrease in funding as part of a <a href="/wiki/Continuing_resolution" title="Continuing resolution">continuing resolution</a> (H.R. 1), which cleared the <a href="/wiki/United_States_House_of_Representatives" title="United States House of Representatives">House</a> in February 2011 and cut about $60 billion from the federal budget.<sup id="cite_ref-Hopkins_15-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hopkins-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The changes would take effect for the 2011–2012 school year, decreasing the maximum amount of aid for the most needy students from $5,550 to $4,705 a year; in addition, about 1.7 million students who receive smaller Pell Grants would become ineligible for the program. Approval for the cuts is not certain because of long-standing bipartisan support from the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate" title="United States Senate">Senate</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Hopkins_15-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hopkins-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As of April 6, 2011, funds have not been approved, as the Senate has not voted to pass this legislation. The program provided grants ranging from $555-$5,550 to over 9 million students in 2011–2012, with awards totaling $33,575,066,024.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In August 2022, President <a href="/wiki/Joe_Biden" title="Joe Biden">Joe Biden</a> announced that up to $20,000 of debt would be canceled for Pell Grant recipients.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Application">Application</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pell_Grant&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Application"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-More_citations_needed_section plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Refimprove" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>needs additional citations for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Pell_Grant" title="Special:EditPage/Pell Grant">improve this article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a> in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">February 2012</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The application process requires the student and the student's family complete a Free Application for Federal Student Aid (<a href="/wiki/FAFSA" title="FAFSA">FAFSA</a>) form. The applicant should complete the FAFSA form for the first time prior to starting the <a href="/wiki/Freshman" title="Freshman">freshman</a> undergraduate year and then update the form each year as the applicant progresses through the college undergraduate term. The first step in applying for the Pell Grant is to complete or update the FAFSA form on or after October 1 of each year. If an applicant must correct a completed FAFSA form, it can be done in step 3 of the application, in the "Make corrections to a processed FAFSA" section. When the student completes or updates the FAFSA application, answers to questions determine eligibility for the Pell Grant, among other government grants and funding. </p><p>After the initial FAFSA application is submitted, the student is notified by email or regular postal delivery if funding is awarded. Copies of the confirmation sheet should be made for personal records.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Eligibility">Eligibility</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pell_Grant&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Eligibility"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The U.S. Department of Education has a standard formula that it uses to evaluate the information that each person supplies when applying for the Pell Grant. The formula used was created by Congress from criteria submitted through the FAFSA form. The formula produces a number that is called the <a href="/wiki/Expected_Family_Contribution" class="mw-redirect" title="Expected Family Contribution">Expected Family Contribution</a> (EFC), which determines the student's eligibility.<sup id="cite_ref-DofEd-PELL_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DofEd-PELL-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>This grant requires each applicant to be an undergraduate student who has not yet earned a bachelor's degree, and a United States citizen or an eligible non-citizen (usually, a permanent resident). In addition, the applicant must have a high school diploma or a <a href="/wiki/General_Educational_Development" title="General Educational Development">GED</a> or be able to demonstrate the <a href="/wiki/Ability_to_benefit" title="Ability to benefit">ability to benefit</a> from the program.<sup id="cite_ref-College_Board_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-College_Board-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Applicants must also sign a statement certifying that they will use the aid only for education-related purposes, that they are not currently in default for any federal student loans, and that they owe no refund for any federal education grants. </p><p>The Pell Grant also requires that students maintain satisfactory academic progress in a degree-oriented program as defined by the school they attend. A person may be eligible if previously incarcerated but with limited eligibility, depending on the offense.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Students must not have an outstanding Pell overpayment on record. Additionally, an applicant may not receive Pell Grant funds from more than one college at a time.<sup id="cite_ref-College_Board_6-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-College_Board-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Award_amount">Award amount</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pell_Grant&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Award amount"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>As with all grants, there is a maximum amount that the government funds for each applicant. The maximum amount for the 2022–2023 award year is $6,845. The maximum Federal Pell Grant for the 2023–24 award year (July 1, 2023, through June 30, 2024) is $7,395.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The maximum amount of the grant usually depends on the EFC and several other factors, including cost of attendance, the amount of time the student plans to attend college, whether it is a full academic year, and whether one is a full-time or part-time student.<sup id="cite_ref-College_Board_6-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-College_Board-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Once one has been considered eligible, the money can be obtained a couple of ways: the student's school can apply Pell Grant funds to school costs, pay the student directly, usually by check, or combine these methods. </p><p>The school must tell the student in writing how much the award will be and how and when it will be paid, and it must disburse Pell Grant funds once a semester/term or twice during the academic year.<sup id="cite_ref-College_Board_6-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-College_Board-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Under certain circumstances, Pell funds can also be used to fund <a href="/wiki/Career_Pathways" title="Career Pathways">Career Pathways</a> programs and support services.<sup id="cite_ref-CLASP_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CLASP-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Uses_of_grant">Uses of grant</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pell_Grant&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Uses of grant"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Typically, the college first applies the grant or loan money toward a student's <a href="/wiki/College_tuition_in_the_United_States" title="College tuition in the United States">tuition</a>, fees, and (if the student lives on campus) <a href="/wiki/Room_and_board" title="Room and board">room and board</a>. Any money left over is paid to the student for other expenses: books, living expenses if the student does not live on campus, and transportation.<sup id="cite_ref-PELL_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-PELL-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-HowCalculated_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HowCalculated-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Impact">Impact</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pell_Grant&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Impact"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Students coming from low-income families already face increased challenges that hinder their ability to receive a higher education. The Pell Grant addresses one of the issues by making college accessible to students that may need the financial assistance. It has been shown to increase the college enrollment of students coming from lower and moderate-income families. It can also reduce the chances of them dropping out.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>There have been advocacy efforts to reinstate prisoner eligibility for Pell grants as a preventative to re-incarceration. In 1997, one study on 3,200 prisoners in three states showed that receiving education while incarcerated reduced the likelihood of re-incarceration by 29 percent.<sup id="cite_ref-SpearIt3_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SpearIt3-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Lynn_Novick" title="Lynn Novick">Lynn Novick</a>, the director of "College Behind Bars" and a collaborator with <a href="/wiki/Ken_Burns" title="Ken Burns">Ken Burns</a>, recently wrote in the Seattle Times about how access to college education in prison was markedly reduced: </p><p>"Higher education in prison was commonplace in America until 1994, when the Clinton Crime Bill banned federal Pell Grants for people in prison. Overnight, college behind bars was decimated. Privately funded programs like the one we visited, the Bard Prison Initiative (BPI), slowly sprang up, but they do not begin to fill the enormous need." </p><p>She argues that access to education may help reduce the high recidivism rates of 50-60% and reports that "Of the 600 BPI alumni who have been released in the past 20 years, only 4% have gone back to prison." <sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Appropriations">Appropriations</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pell_Grant&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Appropriations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-Update plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Update" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Ambox_current_red_Americas.svg/42px-Ambox_current_red_Americas.svg.png" decoding="async" width="42" height="34" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Ambox_current_red_Americas.svg/63px-Ambox_current_red_Americas.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Ambox_current_red_Americas.svg/84px-Ambox_current_red_Americas.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="360" data-file-height="290" /></span></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section needs to be <b>updated</b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">November 2019</span>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <ul><li>Fiscal Year 2011 : $41,674,180,000</li> <li>Fiscal Year 2010 : $21,772,000,000</li> <li>Fiscal Year 2009 : $19,378,000,000</li> <li>Fiscal Year 2008 : $16,256,000,000</li> <li>Fiscal Year 2007 : $13,660,711,000</li></ul> <p>Note: The amount for FY 2006 includes $4.3 billion to retire prior-year funding shortfalls; the amount for FY 2008 includes $2 billion in mandatory funds. </p><p>Note: The amounts for FY 2008 and FY 2009 include $2,000,000,000 and $2,100,000,000, respectively, in mandatory funds. In addition, the $17,114,000,000 in 70 U .S. Department of Education Recovery Act funds includes $1,474,000,000 in mandatory funds, of which 831,000,000 is for use in academic year 2010–11. </p><p>Note: The amount for FY 2009 includes $2,090,000,000 in definite mandatory funds and $16,283,000,000 in American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009 funds, of which $643,000,000 is mandatory. The FY 2010 appropriation amount includes $5,299,816,000 in indefinite mandatory funds. The FY 2011 appropriation above includes $13,500,000,000 in mandatory funds to help reduce discretionary need and $5,218,184,000, which is the estimate of indefinite mandatory funds needed.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Awards_information">Awards information</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pell_Grant&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Awards information"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <dl><dt><b>2011</b></dt></dl> <p>Amount of Aid Available: $35,772,935,000 Amount of Aid Available represents the amount of funds to be awarded to participants in this program. Number of New Awards Anticipated: 9,413,000 Average New Award: $3,800 Range of New Awards: $555–$5,550 </p> <dl><dt><b>2010</b></dt></dl> <p>Amount of Aid Available: $32,295,226,000 Amount of Aid Available represents the amount of funds to be awarded to participants in this program. Number of New Awards Anticipated: 8,355,000 Average New Award: $3,865 Range of New Awards: $555–$5,550 </p> <dl><dt><b>2009</b></dt></dl> <p>Amount of Aid Available: $25,328,889,000 Amount of Aid Available represents the amount of funds awarded to participants in the Federal Student Aid programs. Depending upon the program, this total may include federal appropriated dollars, institutional or state matching dollars, and federal or private loan capital. Number of New Awards Anticipated: 7,022,000 Average New Award: $3,611 Range of New Awards: $486–$5,350 </p> <dl><dt><b>2008</b></dt></dl> <p>Amount of Aid Available: $16,428,110,000 Amount of Aid Available represents the amount of funds awarded to participants in the Federal Student Aid programs. Depending upon the program, this total may include federal appropriated dollars, institutional or state matching dollars, and federal or private loan capital. Number of New Awards Anticipated: 5,578,000 Average New Award: $2,945 Range of New Awards: $400–$4,731 </p> <dl><dt><b>2007</b></dt></dl> <p>Amount of Aid Available: $13,989,305,000 Amount of Aid Available represents the amount of funds awarded to participants in the Federal Student Aid programs. Depending upon the program, this total may include federal appropriated dollars, institutional or state matching dollars, and federal or private loan capital. Number of New Awards Anticipated: 5,339,000 Average New Award: $2,620 Range of New Awards: $400–$4,310<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Federal_Pell_Grant_lifetime_eligibility_calculator">Federal Pell Grant lifetime eligibility calculator</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pell_Grant&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Federal Pell Grant lifetime eligibility calculator"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The scheduled award is the maximum amount of Federal Pell Grant funding a student can receive is calculated for an award year. An award year is a period from July 1 of one calendar year to June 30 of the next year. </p><p>The scheduled award is partially determined using the student's expected family contribution (EFC), which the program calculates from the information the student and family provided in the Free Application for Federal Student Aid (FAFSA). The result is the maximum amount the student can receive for the award year if enrolled full-time for the full school year. It represents 100% of the Pell Grant eligibility for that award year. </p><p>To determine how much of the maximum six years (600%) of Pell Grant the student uses each year, the U.S. Department of Education (ED) compares the actual amount awarded for the award year with the scheduled award amount for that award year. A student who uses 100% receives the full award. A student might not receive the entire scheduled award for an award year, most commonly if the student did not enroll for the full year, did not enroll full-time, or both. If the student does not receive the full award, ED calculates the percentage of the scheduled award they received. Before the 2011-2012 Aid Year, the FAFSA limit was 18 semesters, but it was cut to 12 semesters by Congress. </p><p>ED tracks the Lifetime Eligibility Used by adding the percentages of the Pell Grant scheduled awards a student receives each award year.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pell_Grant&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Student_financial_aid_in_the_United_States" title="Student financial aid in the United States">Student financial aid in the United States</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pell_Grant&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 50em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-PELL-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-PELL_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-PELL_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://studentaid.gov/understand-aid/types/grants/pell">"Federal Pell Grants are usually awarded only to undergraduate students"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/U.S._Dept._of_Education" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. Dept. of Education">U.S. Dept. of Education</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 10,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=U.S.+Dept.+of+Education&rft.atitle=Federal+Pell+Grants+are+usually+awarded+only+to+undergraduate+students.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fstudentaid.gov%2Funderstand-aid%2Ftypes%2Fgrants%2Fpell&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APell+Grant" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-HowCalculated-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-HowCalculated_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-HowCalculated_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://studentaid.ed.gov/sa/fafsa/next-steps/how-calculated">"Wondering how the amount of your federal student aid is determined?"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/U.S._Department_of_Education" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. Department of Education">U.S. Department of Education</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 10,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=U.S.+Department+of+Education&rft.atitle=Wondering+how+the+amount+of+your+federal+student+aid+is+determined%3F&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fstudentaid.ed.gov%2Fsa%2Ffafsa%2Fnext-steps%2Fhow-calculated&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APell+Grant" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNietzel" class="citation web cs1">Nietzel, Michael T. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.forbes.com/sites/michaeltnietzel/2021/06/17/democrats-reintroduce-bill-to-double-the-pell-grant/">"Democrats Reintroduce Bill To Double The Pell Grant"</a>. <i>Forbes</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Seattle Times January 12, 2019, A17</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www2.ed.gov/programs/fpg/funding.html">"Funding Status -- Federal Pell Grant Program"</a>. September 20, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Funding+Status+--+Federal+Pell+Grant+Program&rft.date=2021-09-20&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww2.ed.gov%2Fprograms%2Ffpg%2Ffunding.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APell+Grant" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www2.ed.gov/programs/fpg/funding.html">"Funding Status - Federal Pell Grant Program"</a>. .ed.gov. November 21, 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 5,</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Funding+Status+-+Federal+Pell+Grant+Program&rft.pub=.ed.gov&rft.date=2011-11-21&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww2.ed.gov%2Fprograms%2Ffpg%2Ffunding.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APell+Grant" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://studentaid.ed.gov/types/grants-scholarships/pell/calculate-eligibility">"Calculating Pell Grant Lifetime Eligibility Used | Federal Student Aid"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/U.S._Dept._of_Education" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. Dept. of Education">U.S. Dept. of Education</a></i>. June 15, 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 5,</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=U.S.+Dept.+of+Education&rft.atitle=Calculating+Pell+Grant+Lifetime+Eligibility+Used+%26%23124%3B+Federal+Student+Aid&rft.date=2012-06-15&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fstudentaid.ed.gov%2Ftypes%2Fgrants-scholarships%2Fpell%2Fcalculate-eligibility&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APell+Grant" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pell_Grant&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.fafsa.ed.gov/">FAFSA on the Web</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.independent.org/pdf/tir/tir_15_03_1_bankston.pdf">'The Mass Production of Credentials: Subsidies and the Rise of the Higher Education Industry.' "The Independent Review" 15 (3): 325–349</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www2.ed.gov/programs/fpg/funding.html">ed.gov</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://studentaid.ed.gov/types/grants-scholarships/pell/calculate-eligibility">studentaid.ed.gov</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://leb.fbi.gov/2014/february/pell-grant-fraud-awareness-white-collar-crime-challenges">Pell Grant Fraud Awareness: White-Collar Crime Challenges</a> <a href="/wiki/FBI" class="mw-redirect" title="FBI">FBI</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline 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href="/wiki/Template:Lyndon_B._Johnson" title="Template:Lyndon B. Johnson"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Lyndon_B._Johnson" title="Template talk:Lyndon B. Johnson"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Lyndon_B._Johnson" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Lyndon B. Johnson"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Lyndon_B._Johnson" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Lyndon_B._Johnson" title="Lyndon B. Johnson">Lyndon B. Johnson</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/List_of_presidents_of_the_United_States" title="List of presidents of the United States">36th</a> <a href="/wiki/President_of_the_United_States" title="President of the United States">President of the United States</a> (1963–1969)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/List_of_vice_presidents_of_the_United_States" title="List of vice presidents of the United States">37th</a> <a href="/wiki/Vice_President_of_the_United_States" title="Vice President of the United States">Vice President of the United States</a> (1961–1963)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate" title="United States Senate">U.S. Senator</a> from <a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_senators_from_Texas" title="List of United States senators from Texas">Texas</a> (1949–1961)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/United_States_House_of_Representatives" title="United States House of Representatives">U.S. Representative</a> for <a href="/wiki/Texas%27s_10th_congressional_district" title="Texas's 10th congressional district">TX-10</a> (1937–1949)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Presidency_of_Lyndon_B._Johnson" title="Presidency of Lyndon B. Johnson">Presidency</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Lyndon_B._Johnson_presidency" title="Timeline of the Lyndon B. Johnson presidency">Timeline</a></li> <li>Inaugurations <ul><li><a href="/wiki/First_inauguration_of_Lyndon_B._Johnson" title="First inauguration of Lyndon B. Johnson">first</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_inauguration_of_Lyndon_B._Johnson" title="Second inauguration of Lyndon B. Johnson">second</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Let_Us_Continue" title="Let Us Continue">Let Us Continue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Society" title="Great Society">Great Society</a> (<a href="/wiki/Model_Cities_Program" title="Model Cities Program">Model Cities Program</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Architectural_Barriers_Act_of_1968" title="Architectural Barriers Act of 1968">Architectural Barriers Act</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Child_Nutrition_Act" title="Child Nutrition Act">Child Nutrition Act</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clean_Air_Act_(United_States)" title="Clean Air Act (United States)">Clean Air Act</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Civil_Rights_Act_of_1964" title="Civil Rights Act of 1964">Civil Rights Act of 1964</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coinage_Act_of_1965" title="Coinage Act of 1965">Coinage Act of 1965</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Housing_and_Urban_Development" title="United States Department of Housing and Urban Development">Department of Housing and Urban Development</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Transportation" title="United States Department of Transportation">Department of Transportation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economic_Opportunity_Act_of_1964" title="Economic Opportunity Act of 1964">Economic Opportunity Act of 1964</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Head_Start_Program" class="mw-redirect" title="Head Start Program">Head Start Program</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Job_Corps" title="Job Corps">Job Corps</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elementary_and_Secondary_Education_Act" title="Elementary and Secondary Education Act">Elementary and Secondary Education Act</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Equal_Employment_Opportunity_Commission" title="Equal Employment Opportunity Commission">Equal Employment Opportunity Commission</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Civil_Rights_Act_of_1968" title="Civil Rights Act of 1968">Civil Rights Act of 1968</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fair_Housing_Act" class="mw-redirect" title="Fair Housing Act">Fair Housing Act</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Truth_in_Lending_Act" title="Truth in Lending Act">Truth in Lending Act</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federal-Aid_Highway_Act_of_1968" title="Federal-Aid Highway Act of 1968">Federal-Aid Highway Act of 1968</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Food_Stamp_Act_of_1964" title="Food Stamp Act of 1964">Food Stamp Act of 1964</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glassboro_Summit_Conference" title="Glassboro Summit Conference">Glassboro Summit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gun_Control_Act_of_1968" title="Gun Control Act of 1968">Gun Control Act of 1968</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Higher_Education_Act_of_1965" title="Higher Education Act of 1965">Higher Education Act of 1965</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Upward_Bound" title="Upward Bound">Upward Bound</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TRIO_(program)" class="mw-redirect" title="TRIO (program)">TRIO</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teacher_Corps" title="Teacher Corps">Teacher Corps</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Housing_and_Urban_Development_Act_of_1968" title="Housing and Urban Development Act of 1968">Housing and Urban Development Act of 1968</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Immigration_and_Nationality_Act_of_1965" title="Immigration and Nationality Act of 1965">Immigration and Nationality Act of 1965</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johnson_Doctrine" title="Johnson Doctrine">Johnson Doctrine</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_States_occupation_of_the_Dominican_Republic_(1965%E2%80%9366)" class="mw-redirect" title="United States occupation of the Dominican Republic (1965–66)">Dominican Republic occupation</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Medicare_(United_States)" title="Medicare (United States)">Medicare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Medicaid" title="Medicaid">Medicaid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meritorious_Service_Medal_(United_States)#History" title="Meritorious Service Medal (United States)">Meritorious Service Medal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Endowment_for_the_Arts" title="National Endowment for the Arts">National Endowment for the Arts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Endowment_for_the_Humanities" title="National Endowment for the Humanities">National Endowment for the Humanities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Executive_Order_11246" title="Executive Order 11246">Executive Order 11246</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Executive_Order_11375" title="Executive Order 11375">Executive Order 11375</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Older_Americans_Act" title="Older Americans Act">Older Americans Act</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_CHAOS" title="Operation CHAOS">Operation CHAOS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Outer_Space_Treaty" title="Outer Space Treaty">Outer Space Treaty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_Broadcasting_Act_of_1967" title="Public Broadcasting Act of 1967">Public Broadcasting Act of 1967</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_policy_of_the_Lyndon_B._Johnson_administration" title="Foreign policy of the Lyndon B. Johnson administration">Foreign policy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vietnam_War#Lyndon_B._Johnson's_escalation,_1963–69" title="Vietnam War">Vietnam War</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gulf_of_Tonkin_Resolution" title="Gulf of Tonkin Resolution">Gulf of Tonkin Resolution</a></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Credibility_gap" title="Credibility gap">Credibility gap</a>"</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AmeriCorps_VISTA" title="AmeriCorps VISTA">VISTA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Twenty-fourth_Amendment_to_the_United_States_Constitution" title="Twenty-fourth Amendment to the United States Constitution">24th Amendment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Voting_Rights_Act_of_1965" title="Voting Rights Act of 1965">Voting Rights Act of 1965</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/War_on_poverty" title="War on poverty">War on poverty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_House_Conference_on_Civil_Rights" title="White House Conference on Civil Rights">White House Conference on Civil Rights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cannabis_policy_of_the_Lyndon_B._Johnson_administration" title="Cannabis policy of the Lyndon B. Johnson administration">Cannabis policy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Committee_for_the_Preservation_of_the_White_House" title="Committee for the Preservation of the White House">White House preservation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_of_the_Union" title="State of the Union">State of the Union Address</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1964_State_of_the_Union_Address" title="1964 State of the Union Address">1964</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1965_State_of_the_Union_Address" title="1965 State of the Union Address">1965</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1966_State_of_the_Union_Address" title="1966 State of the Union Address">1966</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1967_State_of_the_Union_Address" title="1967 State of the Union Address">1967</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1968_State_of_the_Union_Address" title="1968 State of the Union Address">1968</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1969_State_of_the_Union_Address" title="1969 State of the Union Address">1969</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lyndon_B._Johnson#Administration_and_Cabinet" title="Lyndon B. Johnson">Cabinet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_federal_judges_appointed_by_Lyndon_B._Johnson" title="List of federal judges appointed by Lyndon B. Johnson">Judicial appointments</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lyndon_B._Johnson_Supreme_Court_candidates" title="Lyndon B. Johnson Supreme Court candidates">Supreme Court</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thurgood_Marshall_Supreme_Court_nomination" title="Thurgood Marshall Supreme Court nomination">Thurgood Marshall Supreme Court nomination</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lyndon_B._Johnson_judicial_appointment_controversies" title="Lyndon B. Johnson judicial appointment controversies">controversies</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johnson_desk" title="Johnson desk">Johnson desk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Presidential_transition_of_Richard_Nixon" title="Presidential transition of Richard Nixon">Presidential transition of Richard Nixon</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Author:Lyndon_Baines_Johnson/Executive_orders" class="extiw" title="wikisource:Author:Lyndon Baines Johnson/Executive orders">Executive Orders</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Author:Lyndon_Baines_Johnson/Presidential_Proclamations" class="extiw" title="wikisource:Author:Lyndon Baines Johnson/Presidential Proclamations">Presidential Proclamations</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="6" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:37_Lyndon_Johnson_3x4.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/37_Lyndon_Johnson_3x4.jpg/100px-37_Lyndon_Johnson_3x4.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="133" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/37_Lyndon_Johnson_3x4.jpg/150px-37_Lyndon_Johnson_3x4.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/37_Lyndon_Johnson_3x4.jpg/200px-37_Lyndon_Johnson_3x4.jpg 2x" data-file-width="924" data-file-height="1228" /></a></span><br /><br /><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Seal_of_the_President_of_the_United_States.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Seal_of_the_President_of_the_United_States.svg/100px-Seal_of_the_President_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Seal_of_the_President_of_the_United_States.svg/150px-Seal_of_the_President_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Seal_of_the_President_of_the_United_States.svg/200px-Seal_of_the_President_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="2424" data-file-height="2425" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Life</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lyndon_B._Johnson#Early_years" title="Lyndon B. Johnson">Early years and career</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Texas" title="Operation Texas">Operation Texas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KTBC_(TV)" title="KTBC (TV)">Texas Broadcasting Company</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johnson_Amendment" title="Johnson Amendment">Johnson Amendment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Box_13_scandal" title="Box 13 scandal">Box 13 scandal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bashir_Ahmad_(camel_driver)" title="Bashir Ahmad (camel driver)">Bashir Ahmad</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Legacy and<br /><a href="/wiki/List_of_memorials_to_Lyndon_B._Johnson" title="List of memorials to Lyndon B. Johnson">memorials</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lyndon_B._Johnson_bibliography" class="mw-redirect" title="Lyndon B. Johnson bibliography">Bibliography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lyndon_Baines_Johnson_Library_and_Museum" title="Lyndon Baines Johnson Library and Museum">Lyndon Baines Johnson Library and Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lyndon_B._Johnson_National_Grassland" title="Lyndon B. Johnson National Grassland">Lyndon B. Johnson National Grassland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lyndon_B._Johnson_National_Historical_Park" title="Lyndon B. Johnson National Historical Park">Lyndon B. Johnson National Historical Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lyndon_B._Johnson_Space_Center" class="mw-redirect" title="Lyndon B. Johnson Space Center">Lyndon B. Johnson Space Center</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lyndon_Baines_Johnson_Day" title="Lyndon Baines Johnson Day">Lyndon Baines Johnson Day</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lyndon_B._Johnson_School_of_Public_Affairs" title="Lyndon B. Johnson School of Public Affairs">Lyndon B. Johnson School of Public Affairs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lyndon_Baines_Johnson_Memorial_Grove_on_the_Potomac" title="Lyndon Baines Johnson Memorial Grove on the Potomac">Memorial Grove on the Potomac</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Presidents_of_the_United_States_on_U.S._postage_stamps#Lyndon_B._Johnson" title="Presidents of the United States on U.S. postage stamps">U.S. Postage stamp</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Electoral_history_of_Lyndon_B._Johnson" title="Electoral history of Lyndon B. Johnson">Elections</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Texas%27s_10th_congressional_district" title="Texas's 10th congressional district">United States House of Representatives special elections, 1937</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1938_United_States_House_of_Representatives_elections" title="1938 United States House of Representatives elections">1938 United States House of Representatives elections</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1940_United_States_House_of_Representatives_elections" title="1940 United States House of Representatives elections">1940</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1942_United_States_House_of_Representatives_elections" title="1942 United States House of Representatives elections">1942</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1944_United_States_House_of_Representatives_elections" title="1944 United States House of Representatives elections">1944</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1946_United_States_House_of_Representatives_elections" title="1946 United States House of Representatives elections">1946</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_senators_from_Texas" title="List of United States senators from Texas">United States Senate special elections, 1941</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1948_United_States_Senate_elections" title="1948 United States Senate elections">1948 United States Senate elections</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1954_United_States_Senate_elections" title="1954 United States Senate elections">1954</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate_elections,_1960_and_1961" class="mw-redirect" title="United States Senate elections, 1960 and 1961">1960</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1960_Democratic_Party_presidential_primaries" title="1960 Democratic Party presidential primaries">Democratic Party presidential primaries, 1960</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1964_Democratic_Party_presidential_primaries" title="1964 Democratic Party presidential primaries">1964</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lyndon_B._Johnson_1964_presidential_campaign" title="Lyndon B. Johnson 1964 presidential campaign">campaign</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1968_Democratic_Party_presidential_primaries" title="1968 Democratic Party presidential primaries">1968</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Withdrawal_of_Lyndon_B._Johnson_from_the_1968_United_States_presidential_election" title="Withdrawal of Lyndon B. Johnson from the 1968 United States presidential election">withdrawal</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1956_Democratic_National_Convention" title="1956 Democratic National Convention">Democratic National Convention 1956</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1960_Democratic_National_Convention" title="1960 Democratic National Convention">1960</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1964_Democratic_National_Convention" title="1964 Democratic National Convention">1964</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1960_United_States_presidential_election" title="1960 United States presidential election">1960 United States presidential election</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Presidential_transition_of_John_F._Kennedy" title="Presidential transition of John F. Kennedy">transition</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1964_United_States_presidential_election" title="1964 United States presidential election">1964</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Lyndon_B._Johnson#Personality_and_public_image" title="Lyndon B. Johnson">Public image</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lyndon_B._Johnson_in_popular_culture" title="Lyndon B. Johnson in popular culture">Lyndon B. Johnson in popular culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daisy_(advertisement)" title="Daisy (advertisement)"><i>Daisy</i> advertisement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johnson_cult" title="Johnson cult">Johnson cult</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Years_of_Lyndon_Johnson" title="The Years of Lyndon Johnson">The Years of Lyndon Johnson</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LBJ_(1991_film)" title="LBJ (1991 film)"><i>LBJ</i> (1991 television film)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Path_to_War" title="Path to War"><i>Path to War</i> (2002 film)</a></li> <li><i>All the Way</i> (<a href="/wiki/All_the_Way_(play)" title="All the Way (play)">play</a>, <a href="/wiki/All_the_Way_(2016_film)" title="All the Way (2016 film)">film</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Selma_(film)" title="Selma (film)"><i>Selma</i> (2014 film)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LBJ_(2016_film)" title="LBJ (2016 film)"><i>LBJ</i> (2017 film)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Family_of_Lyndon_B._Johnson" title="Family of Lyndon B. Johnson">Family</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lady_Bird_Johnson" title="Lady Bird Johnson">Claudia "Lady Bird" Taylor Johnson</a> (wife)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lynda_Bird_Johnson_Robb" title="Lynda Bird Johnson Robb">Lynda Bird Johnson Robb</a> (daughter)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luci_Baines_Johnson" title="Luci Baines Johnson">Luci Baines Johnson</a> (daughter)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samuel_Ealy_Johnson_Jr." title="Samuel Ealy Johnson Jr.">Samuel Ealy Johnson Jr.</a> (father)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sam_Houston_Johnson" title="Sam Houston Johnson">Sam Houston Johnson</a> (brother)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samuel_Ealy_Johnson,_Sr." class="mw-redirect" title="Samuel Ealy Johnson, Sr.">Samuel Ealy Johnson, Sr.</a> (grandfather)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Wilson_Baines" title="Joseph Wilson Baines">Joseph Wilson Baines</a> (grandfather)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Washington_Baines" title="George Washington Baines">George Washington Baines</a> (great-grandfather)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chuck_Robb" title="Chuck Robb">Chuck Robb</a> (son-in-law)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/John_F._Kennedy" title="John F. Kennedy">← John F. Kennedy</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Richard_Nixon" title="Richard Nixon">Richard Nixon →</a></b></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Nixon" title="Richard Nixon">← Richard Nixon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hubert_Humphrey" title="Hubert Humphrey">Hubert Humphrey →</a></li></ul> <ul><li><b><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Lyndon_B._Johnson" title="Category:Lyndon B. 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