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Available in 9 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-9" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">9 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%89%E0%A6%87%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%A1%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A6%BE:%E0%A6%89%E0%A6%87%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AA%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%B2%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AA_%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%87" title="উইকিপিডিয়া:উইকিপ্রকল্প বই – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="উইকিপিডিয়া:উইকিপ্রকল্প বই" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%DB%8C%DA%A9%DB%8C%E2%80%8C%D9%BE%D8%AF%DB%8C%D8%A7:%D9%88%DB%8C%DA%A9%DB%8C%E2%80%8C%D9%BE%D8%B1%D9%88%DA%98%D9%87_%DA%A9%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%A8" title="ویکی‌پدیا:ویکی‌پروژه کتاب – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="ویکی‌پدیا:ویکی‌پروژه کتاب" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Projet:%C3%89dition" title="Projet:Édition – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Projet:Édition" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%9C%84%ED%82%A4%ED%94%84%EB%A1%9C%EC%A0%9D%ED%8A%B8:%EC%B1%85" title="위키프로젝트:책 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="위키프로젝트:책" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikip%C3%A9dia:K%C3%B6nyvm%C5%B1hely" title="Wikipédia:Könyvműhely – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Wikipédia:Könyvműhely" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%97%E3%83%AD%E3%82%B8%E3%82%A7%E3%82%AF%E3%83%88:%E6%9B%B8%E7%89%A9" title="プロジェクト:書物 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="プロジェクト:書物" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" 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You may also be looking for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Notability_(books)" title="Wikipedia:Notability (books)">Wikipedia:Notability (books)</a>, <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Books" title="Wikipedia:Books">Wikipedia:Books</a> (defunct), or <a href="/wiki/Wikibooks" title="Wikibooks">Wikibooks</a>.</div> <table role="presentation" style="width: 100%; background-color: transparent; color: inherit; vertical-align: top; border: 0px; border-spacing: 0; margin:0;"><tbody><tr><td style="width: 0.05%; border-bottom: 1px solid #295D8A"></td><td style="text-align: center; border-radius:0 0 0 0; padding:0.3em; border: 1px solid #295D8A; font-size: 110%; background-color: #F5F5F5; border-bottom-color: #F5F5F5; font-weight:bold; width: 4.9%;"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Main</a></td><td style="width: 0.1%; border-bottom: 1px solid #295D8A"></td><td style="text-align: center; border-radius:0 0 0 0; padding:0.3em; border: 1px solid #295D8A; font-size: 110%; background-color: #DCDCDC; width: 4.9%;"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia_talk:WikiProject_Books" title="Wikipedia talk:WikiProject Books">Discussion</a></td><td style="width: 0.1%; 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border-bottom: 1px solid #295D8A"></td><td style="text-align: center; border-radius:0 0 0 0; padding:0.3em; border: 1px solid #295D8A; font-size: 110%; background-color: #DCDCDC; width: 4.9%;"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Books/Article_alerts" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Books/Article alerts">Article<br/>alerts</a></td><td style="width: 0.05%; border-bottom: 1px solid #295D8A"></td></tr></tbody></table><div style="border: 1px solid #295D8A; border-top: none; background-color: #F5F5F5; color: black; padding: .5em 1em 1em 1em;"><div style="padding: 1ex"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238436933">.mw-parser-output .ombox{margin:4px 0;border-collapse:collapse;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;background-color:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);box-sizing:border-box;color:var(--color-base,#202122)}.mw-parser-output .ombox.mbox-small{font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ombox-speedy{border:2px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ombox-delete{border:2px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ombox-content{border:1px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ombox-style{border:1px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ombox-move{border:1px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ombox-protection{border:2px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ombox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.9em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ombox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ombox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ombox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ombox .mbox-invalid-type{text-align:center}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ombox{margin:4px 10%}.mw-parser-output .ombox.mbox-small{clear:right;float:right;margin:4px 0 4px 1em;width:238px}}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output table.ombox img{max-width:none!important}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ombox-speedy{background-color:#310402}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ombox-speedy{background-color:#310402}}</style><table class="plainlinks ombox ombox-notice" role="presentation" style="margin-left:0px;margin-right:0px;"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Open_book_01.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Open_book_01.svg/80px-Open_book_01.svg.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Open_book_01.svg/120px-Open_book_01.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Open_book_01.svg/160px-Open_book_01.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="360" data-file-height="360"/></a></span></td><td class="mbox-text"><b>This is <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject">WikiProject</a> Books,</b> a collaboration area for Wikipedians interested in improving coverage of Books. New participants are welcome; please feel free to participate! <hr/> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><div class="hlist" style="font-size:85%; text-align:center;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Council/Guide" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Council/Guide">Guide to WikiProjects</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Council/Directory" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Council/Directory">Directory of WikiProjects</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portal:Books" title="Portal:Books">Portal:Books</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="mbox-imageright"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1252059228">.mw-parser-output .module-shortcutboxplain{float:right;margin:0 0 0 1em;border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);background-color:var(--background-color-base,#fff);padding:0.3em 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em;text-align:center;font-size:85%}.mw-parser-output .module-shortcutboxleft{float:left;margin:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .module-shortcutlist{display:inline-block;border-bottom:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);margin-bottom:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .module-shortcutboxplain ul{font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .module-shortcutanchordiv{position:relative;top:-3em}.mw-parser-output li .module-shortcutanchordiv{float:right}.mw-parser-output .mbox-imageright .module-shortcutboxplain{padding:0.4em 1em 0.4em 1em;line-height:1.3;margin:0}</style><div class="module-shortcutanchordiv"><span id="WP:BOOKS"></span><span id="WP:BOOK"></span></div><div class="module-shortcutboxplain noprint" role="note"><div class="module-shortcutlist"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Shortcut" title="Wikipedia:Shortcut">Shortcuts</a></div><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:BOOKS&redirect=no">WP:BOOKS</a></span></li><li><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:BOOK&redirect=no">WP:BOOK</a></span></li></ul></div></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <table border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" width="95%" style="background: transparent; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-top: 0.5em; border: 0px white solid;"> <tbody><tr style="background: linear-gradient(0.45turn, #295D8A, #4682B4, #B0C4DE); color:#FFFFFF;"> <td style="padding-left: 0.5em; color:#FFFFFF;"> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Scope" data-mw-thread-id="h-Scope"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Scope"></span><span style="color:#FFFFFF;">Scope</span><span data-mw-comment-end="h-Scope"></span></h3></div> </td> <td class="plainlinks" style="text-align: right; padding-right: 0.5em; color:#FFFFFF;"> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p><br/> <b>WikiProject Books</b> was formed to organize and promote quality coverage of non-fiction books on Wikipedia. </p> <dl><dd>Articles concerning fiction should be directed to <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Novels" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Novels">WikiProject Novels</a>, <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Children%27s_literature" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Children's literature">WikiProject Children's literature</a> and <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Fictional_characters" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Fictional characters">WikiProject Fictional characters</a>.</dd> <dd>Articles concerning people, such as authors, should be directed to <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Biography" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Biography">WikiProject Biography</a>.</dd> <dd>Articles concerning literary concepts should be directed to <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Literature" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Literature">WikiProject Literature</a>.</dd> <dd>Articles on poems should be directed to <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Poetry" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Poetry">WikiProject Poetry</a>.</dd> <dd>Articles on magazines and journals should be directed to <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Magazines" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Magazines">WikiProject Magazines</a> and <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Academic_Journals" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Academic Journals">WikiProject Academic Journals</a>.</dd> <dd>Articles concerning <a href="/wiki/Reference_work" title="Reference work">reference works</a> (i.e. encyclopedias, dictionaries, thesauri), <i>are</i> in scope and apply to the project's <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Books/Reference_works_task_force" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Books/Reference works task force">Reference works task force</a>.</dd></dl> <p>As of <span class="mw-formatted-date" title="2024-11-21">21 November 2024</span>, there are <b><span data-sort-value="7004316000000000000♠">31,600</span></b> articles and <b>1392</b> lists within the scope of WikiProject Books, of which <b><span data-sort-value="7002119000000000000♠">119</span></b> are <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Featured_content" title="Wikipedia:Featured content">featured</a> and <b><span data-sort-value="7002471000000000000♠">471</span></b> are <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Good_articles" title="Wikipedia:Good articles">good articles</a>. These articles have the <span class="nowrap">{{</span><a href="/wiki/Template:WikiProject_Books" title="Template:WikiProject Books">WikiProject Books</a><span class="nowrap">}}</span> template on their talk page. <br/> <br/> </p> <table border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" width="95%" style="background: transparent; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-top: 0.5em; border: 0px white solid;"> <tbody><tr style="background: linear-gradient(0.45turn, #295D8A, #4682B4, #B0C4DE); color:#FFFFFF;"> <td style="padding-left: 0.5em; color:#FFFFFF;"> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Project_organization" data-mw-thread-id="h-Project_organization"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Project_organization"></span><span style="color:#FFFFFF;">Project organization</span><span data-mw-comment-end="h-Project_organization"></span></h3></div> </td> <td class="plainlinks" style="text-align: right; padding-right: 0.5em; color:#FFFFFF;"> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p><br/> </p> <dl><dd>To join WikiProject Books, simply list your name under <b><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Books/Members" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Books/Members">the member page</a></b>.</dd></dl> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1216972533">.mw-parser-output .col-begin{border-collapse:collapse;padding:0;color:inherit;width:100%;border:0;margin:0}.mw-parser-output .col-begin-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .col-break{vertical-align:top;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .col-break-2{width:50%}.mw-parser-output .col-break-3{width:33.3%}.mw-parser-output .col-break-4{width:25%}.mw-parser-output .col-break-5{width:20%}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .col-begin,.mw-parser-output .col-begin>tbody,.mw-parser-output .col-begin>tbody>tr,.mw-parser-output .col-begin>tbody>tr>td{display:block!important;width:100%!important}.mw-parser-output .col-break{padding-left:0!important}}</style><div> <table class="col-begin" role="presentation"> <tbody><tr> <td class="col-break col-break-2"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia_talk:WikiProject_Books" title="Wikipedia talk:WikiProject Books">Discussion board</a></b> - Main talk page for this project</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Deletion_sorting/Literature" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Deletion sorting/Literature">Deletion board</a></b> - Articles currently nominated for deletion</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Books/Article_alerts" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Books/Article alerts">Article alerts</a></b> - Bot generated listing of deletions, featured & good article candidates, requests for comments, peer reviews and move requests. Not currently subscribed.</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Portal:Literature/New_pages" title="Portal:Literature/New pages">New articles</a></b> - Bot generated listing of new related articles</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Books/Non-fiction_article" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Books/Non-fiction article">Article template</a></b> - Guide to writing an article about a book</li></ul> <p><br/> </p> </td> <td class="col-break col-break-2"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Books/Popular_pages" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Books/Popular pages">Popular pages</a></b> - List of most viewed book-related articles</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Books/Lists_of_books" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Books/Lists of books">Lists of books</a></b> - List of lists of books</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Books/List_of_books_by_title" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Books/List of books by title">List of books by title</a></b> - Alphabetical list of articles</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Books/Navbar" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Books/Navbar">Navigation bar</a></b> - Template of project pages</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Books/Images" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Books/Images">Images</a></b> - Guide to using images of book covers</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Books/Library_article" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Books/Library article">Library article</a></b> - Guide to creating articles on libraries</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Books/Assessment" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Books/Assessment">Assessment</a></b> - Article classification system</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Books/To-do" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Books/To-do">To-do</a></b> - Organization of long-term tasks to be completed</li></ul> <p> </p> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> <dl><dd><dl><dd><i>See also:</i> <a href="/wiki/Outline_of_books" title="Outline of books">Outline of books</a></dd></dl></dd></dl> <p><br/> </p> <table border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" width="95%" style="background: transparent; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-top: 0.5em; border: 0px white solid;"> <tbody><tr style="background: linear-gradient(0.45turn, #295D8A, #4682B4, #B0C4DE); color:#FFFFFF;"> <td style="padding-left: 0.5em; color:#FFFFFF;"> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Article_structure" data-mw-thread-id="h-Article_structure"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Article_structure"></span><span style="color:#FFFFFF;">Article structure</span><span data-mw-comment-end="h-Article_structure"></span></h3></div> </td> <td class="plainlinks" style="text-align: right; padding-right: 0.5em; color:#FFFFFF;"> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p><br/> All articles should begin with a lead section that is in compliance with <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Lead_section" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Lead section">Wikipedia:Lead section</a>, including a <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:LEADSENTENCE" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:LEADSENTENCE">lead sentence</a> that provides the full title of the book (and any alternative titles) in bold and italics. The lead should provide a stand-alone summary of the article's body. The content of the body should be guided by the information the references provide. There are no required specific sections; it is left to individual editors to decide how to best organize the content. However, the content should contain the following topics: <br/><b>Background</b> — provide the context. Who wrote the book, when, where, etc. For example, is this the author's first book or tenth? Is the author an academic, ideologue, or otherwise experienced with the subject? Context can also be provided for the book's subject. For example, is it a book about the war one year after the war ended or fifty years after? If it is a biography of the last 25 years of a person's life, then provide the context about what happened during the first part of that person's life that led to the events covered by the book. <br/><b>Summary/Content</b> — report on the content of the book and how it is organized. This can include any thesis and major illustrative examples. Do not try to re-organize the content, just summarize and report it. <br/><b>Style/Genre</b> — describe how the book is written. This can include comments regarding the tone, target audience (academic work, popular science, etc.), organization (chronological, thematic, etc.), style comparisons with other authors/works, comparison to past work by the same author (expansion of previous ideas), or other aspects. <br/><b>Analysis</b> — bolster or refute the arguments made in the book. Did any reviewers expand on the book's ideas or, alternatively, refute the ideas? Did the reviewers find the thesis was supported by the evidence presented in the book? This can compare or contrast approaches used by other authors/works. This should not be an opinionated section; this should be neutral reporting and analysis. <br/><b>Publication</b> — detail the book's publication. This can include information regarding the publisher or imprint, when it was released, how the book was promoted (book tour, speaking engagements, published excerpts, etc.), formats (hardcover, paperback, audiobook, ebook, etc.), cover art, translations into other languages, or other details. <br/><b>Reception</b> — summarize the opinions of book reviewers. This section should contain a balanced reflection of the reviews. Providing balance is sometimes difficult because some reviews are more critical than others; some reviews may simply state "this book is great" while others may provide detailed analysis about what made the book good/bad. </p> <dl><dt>Other article templates</dt></dl> <ul><li>Bibliographies: <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Bibliographies" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Bibliographies">WikiProject Bibliographies</a></li> <li>Novels: <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Novels/ArticleTemplate" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Novels/ArticleTemplate">WikiProject Novels/ArticleTemplate</a></li> <li>Comics: <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Comics/exemplars" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Comics/exemplars">WikiProject Comics/exemplars</a></li> <li>Libraries: <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Books/Library_article" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Books/Library article">WikiProject Books/Library article</a> and <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Libraries" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Libraries">Wikipedia:WikiProject Libraries</a></li> <li>Biographies (e.g. authors): {{<a href="/wiki/Template:Biography" title="Template:Biography">subst:Biography</a>}} and <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Biography" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Biography">WikiProject Biography</a></li> <li>Fictional characters: <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Fictional_characters/Style_guide" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Fictional characters/Style guide">WikiProject Fictional characters/Style guide</a> or <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Novels/CharacterArticleTemplate" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Novels/CharacterArticleTemplate">WikiProject Novels/CharacterArticleTemplate</a></li></ul> <p><br/> </p> <table border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" width="95%" style="background: transparent; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-top: 0.5em; border: 0px white solid;"> <tbody><tr style="background: linear-gradient(0.45turn, #295D8A, #4682B4, #B0C4DE); color:#FFFFFF;"> <td style="padding-left: 0.5em; color:#FFFFFF;"> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Assessment" data-mw-thread-id="h-Assessment"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Assessment"></span><span style="color:#FFFFFF;">Assessment</span><span data-mw-comment-end="h-Assessment"></span></h3></div> </td> <td class="plainlinks" style="text-align: right; padding-right: 0.5em; color:#FFFFFF;"> </td></tr></tbody></table> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main page: <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Books/Assessment" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Books/Assessment">Wikipedia:WikiProject Books/Assessment</a></div> <p>Articles are assessed according to the standard <a href="/wiki/Template:Grading_scheme" title="Template:Grading scheme">Wikipedia Grading scheme</a>. </p><p>One of the most common methods used by WikiProjects to monitor and prioritize their work is that of assessing the articles within their scope. Assessments can be done by anyone, in accordance with the <a href="/wiki/Template:Grading_scheme" title="Template:Grading scheme">grading scheme</a>, but to request an independent review (or re-assessment) ask one of the project members or list it at the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Books/Assessment" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Books/Assessment">Assessment page</a>. </p> <table class="toccolours nomobile" style="table-layout:fixed;margin:1em auto;"> <tbody><tr> <td class="assess assess-unbold assess-fa"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1153963504">.mw-parser-output td.assess,.mw-parser-output th.assess{font-weight:bold;text-align:center;white-space:nowrap}.mw-parser-output td.assess-unbold,.mw-parser-output th.assess-unbold{font-weight:inherit}.mw-parser-output .assess-fa,.mw-parser-output .assess-fl,.mw-parser-output .assess-fm,.mw-parser-output .assess-fpo{background-color:#9cbdff}.mw-parser-output .assess-a,.mw-parser-output .assess-al{background-color:#66ffff}.mw-parser-output .assess-ga{background-color:#66ff66}.mw-parser-output .assess-b,.mw-parser-output .assess-bl,.mw-parser-output .assess-complete{background-color:#b2ff66}.mw-parser-output .assess-c,.mw-parser-output .assess-cl,.mw-parser-output .assess-substantial{background-color:#ffff66}.mw-parser-output .assess-start,.mw-parser-output .assess-basic{background-color:#ffaa66}.mw-parser-output .assess-stub,.mw-parser-output .assess-sl{background-color:#ffa4a4}.mw-parser-output .assess-list{background-color:#c7b1ff}.mw-parser-output .assess-na{background-color:#f5f5f5}.mw-parser-output .assess-unassessed,.mw-parser-output .assess-default{background-color:#dcdcdc}.mw-parser-output .assess-current{background-color:#e6a4ff}.mw-parser-output .assess-deferred{background-color:#d1bcac}.mw-parser-output .assess-future{background-color:#b4bbff}.mw-parser-output .assess-sia{background-color:#e9daff}.mw-parser-output .assess-category{background-color:#ffdb58}.mw-parser-output .assess-disambig{background-color:#00fa9a}.mw-parser-output .assess-draft{background-color:#e7b198}.mw-parser-output .assess-file{background-color:#ddccff}.mw-parser-output .assess-merge{background-color:#add8e6}.mw-parser-output .assess-needed{background-color:#dcdcdc}.mw-parser-output .assess-portal{background-color:#ddb1bc}.mw-parser-output .assess-project{background-color:#c0c090}.mw-parser-output .assess-redirect{background-color:#c0c0c0}.mw-parser-output .assess-template{background-color:#fbceb1}.mw-parser-output .assess-user{background-color:#ddd06a}</style><span title="Featured article"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Featured_article_star.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Featured article"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Featured_article_star.svg/16px-Featured_article_star.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Featured_article_star.svg/24px-Featured_article_star.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Featured_article_star.svg/32px-Featured_article_star.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="180"/></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:FA-Class_Book_articles" title="Category:FA-Class Book articles">FA</a></td><td class="assess assess-unbold assess-a"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1153963504"><span title="A-Class article"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Symbol_a_class.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="A-Class article"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Symbol_a_class.svg/16px-Symbol_a_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Symbol_a_class.svg/24px-Symbol_a_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Symbol_a_class.svg/32px-Symbol_a_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185"/></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:A-Class_Book_articles" title="Category:A-Class Book articles">A</a></td><td class="assess assess-unbold assess-ga"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1153963504"><span title="Good article"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Good article"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/94/Symbol_support_vote.svg/16px-Symbol_support_vote.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/94/Symbol_support_vote.svg/24px-Symbol_support_vote.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/94/Symbol_support_vote.svg/32px-Symbol_support_vote.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185"/></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:GA-Class_Book_articles" title="Category:GA-Class Book articles">GA</a></td><td class="assess assess-unbold assess-b"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1153963504"><a href="/wiki/Category:B-Class_Book_articles" title="Category:B-Class Book articles">B</a></td><td class="assess assess-unbold assess-c"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1153963504"><a href="/wiki/Category:C-Class_Book_articles" title="Category:C-Class Book articles">C</a></td><td class="assess assess-unbold assess-start"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1153963504"><a href="/wiki/Category:Start-Class_Book_articles" title="Category:Start-Class Book articles">Start</a></td><td class="assess assess-unbold assess-stub"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1153963504"><a href="/wiki/Category:Stub-Class_Book_articles" title="Category:Stub-Class Book articles">Stub</a></td><td class="assess assess-unbold assess-fl"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1153963504"><span title="Featured list"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Featured_article_star.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Featured list"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Featured_article_star.svg/16px-Featured_article_star.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Featured_article_star.svg/24px-Featured_article_star.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Featured_article_star.svg/32px-Featured_article_star.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="180"/></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:FL-Class_Book_articles" title="Category:FL-Class Book articles">FL</a></td><td class="assess assess-unbold assess-list"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1153963504"><a href="/wiki/Category:List-Class_Book_articles" title="Category:List-Class Book articles">List</a></td><td class="assess assess-unbold assess-category"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1153963504"><a href="/wiki/Category:Category-Class_Book_articles" title="Category:Category-Class Book articles">Category</a></td><td class="assess assess-unbold assess-disambig"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1153963504"><a href="/wiki/Category:Disambig-Class_Book_articles" title="Category:Disambig-Class Book articles">Disambig</a></td><td class="assess assess-unbold assess-draft"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1153963504"><a href="/wiki/Category:Draft-Class_Book_articles" title="Category:Draft-Class Book articles">Draft</a></td><td class="assess assess-unbold assess-file"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1153963504"><a href="/wiki/Category:File-Class_Book_articles" title="Category:File-Class Book articles">File</a></td><td class="assess assess-unbold assess-portal"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1153963504"><a href="/wiki/Category:Portal-Class_Book_articles" title="Category:Portal-Class Book articles">Portal</a></td><td class="assess assess-unbold assess-project"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1153963504"><a href="/wiki/Category:Project-Class_Book_articles" title="Category:Project-Class Book articles">Project</a></td><td class="assess assess-unbold assess-template"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1153963504"><a href="/wiki/Category:Template-Class_Book_articles" title="Category:Template-Class Book articles">Template</a></td><td class="assess assess-unbold assess-na"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1153963504"><a href="/wiki/Category:NA-Class_Book_articles" title="Category:NA-Class Book articles">NA</a></td><td class="assess assess-unbold assess-unassessed"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1153963504"><a href="/wiki/Category:Unassessed_Book_articles" title="Category:Unassessed Book articles">???</a></td> </tr> <tr> <td align="right">82</td><td align="right">0</td><td align="right">471</td><td align="right">1,140</td><td align="right">3,994</td><td align="right">12,944</td><td align="right">12,926</td><td align="right">37</td><td align="right">1,392</td><td align="right">10,442</td><td align="right">52</td><td align="right">248</td><td align="right">23,363</td><td align="right">9</td><td align="right">37</td><td align="right">1,456</td><td align="right">2,443</td><td align="right">6 </td> </tr> </tbody></table> <p><br/> </p> <table border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" width="95%" style="background: transparent; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-top: 0.5em; border: 0px white solid;"> <tbody><tr style="background: linear-gradient(0.45turn, #295D8A, #4682B4, #B0C4DE); color:#FFFFFF;"> <td style="padding-left: 0.5em; color:#FFFFFF;"> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Naming_articles" data-mw-thread-id="h-Naming_articles"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Naming_articles"></span><span style="color:#FFFFFF;">Naming articles</span><span data-mw-comment-end="h-Naming_articles"></span></h3></div> </td> <td class="plainlinks" style="text-align: right; padding-right: 0.5em; color:#FFFFFF;"> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p><br/> Per <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Article_titles" title="Wikipedia:Article titles">Wikipedia:Article titles</a>, the title of the article should be recognizable to readers, unambiguous, and consistent with usage in English-language sources. For books, the article name should be the short title of the book, for example the book <i>The 100-Mile Diet: A Year of Local Eating</i> has the article name <i><a href="/wiki/The_100-Mile_Diet" title="The 100-Mile Diet">The 100-Mile Diet</a></i>. If the article name is already taken, there are two options: either use the long title (such as <i><a href="/wiki/Power:_A_New_Social_Analysis" title="Power: A New Social Analysis">Power: A New Social Analysis</a></i>) or the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Disambiguation" title="Wikipedia:Disambiguation">disambiguation</a> "book" (such as <a href="/wiki/Outliers_(book)" title="Outliers (book)"><i>Outliers</i> (book)</a>). If a second disambiguation is required, use the author's surname (such as <a href="/wiki/My_Story_(Kray_book)" title="My Story (Kray book)"><i>My Story</i> (Kray book)</a> and <a href="/wiki/My_Story_(Couillard_book)" title="My Story (Couillard book)"><i>My Story</i> (Couillard book)</a>). For books not written in a Latin alphabet, the title should be transliterated (such as 孫子兵法 → <i><a href="/wiki/The_Art_of_War" title="The Art of War">The Art of War</a></i>). For other <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Naming_conventions_(use_English)" title="Wikipedia:Naming conventions (use English)">non-English books</a>, use the title that the English language references use. <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Naming_conventions_(books)" title="Wikipedia:Naming conventions (books)">Wikipedia:Naming conventions (books)</a> provides more detailed guidelines and examples. <br/> <br/> </p> <table border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" width="95%" style="background: transparent; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-top: 0.5em; border: 0px white solid;"> <tbody><tr style="background: linear-gradient(0.45turn, #295D8A, #4682B4, #B0C4DE); color:#FFFFFF;"> <td style="padding-left: 0.5em; color:#FFFFFF;"> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Infobox" data-mw-thread-id="h-Infobox"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Infobox"></span><span style="color:#FFFFFF;">Infobox</span><span data-mw-comment-end="h-Infobox"></span></h3></div> </td> <td class="plainlinks" style="text-align: right; padding-right: 0.5em; color:#FFFFFF;"> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p><br/> Per <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Infoboxes" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Infoboxes">Wikipedia:Infobox</a>, the purpose of the infobox is to summarize key facts in the article in which it appears. The use of infoboxes is neither required nor prohibited for any particular article. Because books share many common characteristics, the common <span class="nowrap">{{</span><a href="/wiki/Template:Infobox_Book" class="mw-redirect" title="Template:Infobox Book">Infobox Book</a><span class="nowrap">}}</span> is used. Alternatively, there is <span class="nowrap">{{</span><a href="/wiki/Template:Infobox_book_series" title="Template:Infobox book series">Infobox book series</a><span class="nowrap">}}</span> which is very similar but with the added parameters <i>|number_of_books=</i> and <i>|list_books=</i>. If a parameter is blank or missing then that parameter will not appear (but the infobox will still work) — do this if the parameter is irrelevant or unknown. <br/> <br/> </p> <table border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" width="95%" style="background: transparent; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-top: 0.5em; border: 0px white solid;"> <tbody><tr style="background: linear-gradient(0.45turn, #295D8A, #4682B4, #B0C4DE); color:#FFFFFF;"> <td style="padding-left: 0.5em; color:#FFFFFF;"> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Images" data-mw-thread-id="h-Images"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Images"></span><span style="color:#FFFFFF;">Images</span><span data-mw-comment-end="h-Images"></span></h3></div> </td> <td class="plainlinks" style="text-align: right; padding-right: 0.5em; color:#FFFFFF;"> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p><br/> Images are not required but can be used for identification purposes or to illustrate specific parts of the text. Unless the book was published <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:COPYEXP" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:COPYEXP">before 1929</a> the book cover art is likely copyrighted (likely owned by the publisher) and, therefore, a <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Non-free_content" title="Wikipedia:Non-free content">Fair Use</a> rationale must be provided. Upload these copyrighted book covers at <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_Upload_Wizard" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:File Upload Wizard">Wikipedia:File Upload Wizard</a> using the <span class="nowrap">{{</span><a href="/wiki/Template:Book_cover" class="mw-redirect" title="Template:Book cover">Book cover</a><span class="nowrap">}}</span> template for the Fair Use rationale. Upload free images (photos you took yourself or public domain images or freely licensed media) at <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:Upload" class="extiw" title="commons:Special:Upload">commons:Special:Upload</a>. More detailed guidelines can be found at <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Images" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Images">Wikipedia:Images</a> and <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Image_use_policy" title="Wikipedia:Image use policy">Wikipedia:Image use policy</a>. </p><p>If using an image of the book cover art, try to select the cover of the book's first edition. If using an image of the author, try to select a photo dated around the time of the book's publication. <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Books/Images" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Books/Images">WikiProject Books/Images</a> provides more detailed guidelines and examples. </p><p>Insert images in articles by adding <code>[[File:Example.png|thumb|alt=Example alt text|Example caption]]</code>.<br/>The <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Alternative_text_for_images" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:Alternative text for images">alt= parameter</a> will only display on text-only readers. Per <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Captions" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Captions">Wikipedia:Captions</a>, the caption should clearly and succinctly identify the subject of the picture, without detailing the obvious, and establish the picture's relevance to the article. The caption only ends with a period if it is a complete sentence. </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Category:Non-free_images_of_book_covers" title="Category:Non-free images of book covers">Category:Non-free images of book covers</a></div> <p><br/> </p> <table border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" width="95%" style="background: transparent; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-top: 0.5em; border: 0px white solid;"> <tbody><tr style="background: linear-gradient(0.45turn, #295D8A, #4682B4, #B0C4DE); color:#FFFFFF;"> <td style="padding-left: 0.5em; color:#FFFFFF;"> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Categories" data-mw-thread-id="h-Categories"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Categories"></span><span style="color:#FFFFFF;">Categories</span><span data-mw-comment-end="h-Categories"></span></h3></div> </td> <td class="plainlinks" style="text-align: right; padding-right: 0.5em; color:#FFFFFF;"> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p><br/> Per <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Categorization" title="Wikipedia:Categorization">Wikipedia:Categorization</a>, articles are sorted into a hierarchy of categories which readers can browse and quickly find sets of pages with similar characteristics. Categorization is based on the <i>defining</i> characteristics of the article. The most common categories for books are <a href="/wiki/Category:Books_by_year" title="Category:Books by year">Category:Books by year</a> (for example <a href="/wiki/Category:1993_books" title="Category:1993 books">Category:1993 books</a>), <a href="/wiki/Category:Books_by_genre" title="Category:Books by genre">Category:Books by genre</a>, <a href="/wiki/Category:Books_by_topic" title="Category:Books by topic">Category:Books by topic</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Category:Books_by_country" title="Category:Books by country">Category:Books by country</a>. </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Category:Books" title="Category:Books">Category:Books</a></div> <p><br/> </p> <table border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" width="95%" style="background: transparent; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-top: 0.5em; border: 0px white solid;"> <tbody><tr style="background: linear-gradient(0.45turn, #295D8A, #4682B4, #B0C4DE); color:#FFFFFF;"> <td style="padding-left: 0.5em; color:#FFFFFF;"> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Lists" data-mw-thread-id="h-Lists"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Lists"></span><span style="color:#FFFFFF;">Lists</span><span data-mw-comment-end="h-Lists"></span></h3></div> </td> <td class="plainlinks" style="text-align: right; padding-right: 0.5em; color:#FFFFFF;"> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p><br/> </p> <dl><dt>Stand-alone lists</dt></dl> <p>Articles that consist of a stand-alone lists are rated either <a href="/wiki/Category:List-Class_Book_articles" title="Category:List-Class Book articles">List-class</a> or <a href="/wiki/Category:FL-Class_Book_articles" title="Category:FL-Class Book articles">Featured List-Class</a> (the other classes, like B-class or GA-class do not apply). Per <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Stand-alone_lists" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Stand-alone lists">Wikipedia:Stand-alone lists</a> these articles should have a lead section that provides background information, encyclopedic context, and explicitly state the inclusion criteria. The body provides list (or lists) accompanied with relevant common information (like author or release date for a list of books). They are often organized using tables because they can use the <a href="/wiki/Help:Sorting" class="mw-disambig" title="Help:Sorting">sorting feature</a>. Alternatively, <a href="/wiki/Template:Book_list" title="Template:Book list">Template:Book list</a> can be used: </p> <table class="wikitable" style="width:100%; margin:auto;"> <tbody><tr> <th>Title</th> <th>Author</th> <th>Publisher</th> <th>Date</th> <th>Genre</th> <th>Length </th></tr><tr class="vevent module-episode-list-row" style="text-align:center;background:inherit;color:inherit"><th class="summary" scope="row" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left"><i><a href="/wiki/Anne_of_Green_Gables" title="Anne of Green Gables">Anne of Green Gables</a></i></th><td style="text-align:center"><a href="/wiki/Lucy_Maud_Montgomery" title="Lucy Maud Montgomery">Lucy Maud Montgomery</a></td><td style="text-align:center"><a href="/wiki/L._C._Page_%26_Co." class="mw-redirect" title="L. C. Page & Co.">L. C. Page & Co.</a></td><td style="text-align:center">April 1908</td><td style="text-align:center"><a href="/wiki/Children%27s_literature" title="Children's literature">Children's novel</a></td><td style="text-align:center">429 pp</td></tr><tr class="expand-child"><td class="description" colspan="7" style="border-bottom:solid 3px #93B8C4"> <div class="shortSummaryText" style="max-width:90vw;position:sticky;left:0.2em"> Marilla and Matthew Cuthbert, middle-aged siblings who live together at Green Gables, a farm in Avonlea, on Prince Edward Island, decide to adopt an orphan boy. Through a series of mishaps, what ends up under their roof is a precocious girl of eleven named Anne Shirley.</div></td></tr> <tr class="vevent module-episode-list-row" style="text-align:center;background:inherit;color:inherit"><th class="summary" scope="row" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left"><i><a href="/wiki/Anne_of_Avonlea" title="Anne of Avonlea">Anne of Avonlea</a></i></th><td style="text-align:center"><a href="/wiki/Lucy_Maud_Montgomery" title="Lucy Maud Montgomery">Lucy Maud Montgomery</a></td><td style="text-align:center"><a href="/wiki/L._C._Page_%26_Co." class="mw-redirect" title="L. C. Page & Co.">L. C. Page & Co.</a></td><td style="text-align:center">1909</td><td style="text-align:center"><a href="/wiki/Children%27s_literature" title="Children's literature">Children's novel</a></td><td style="text-align:center">429 pp</td></tr><tr class="expand-child"><td class="description" colspan="7" style="border-bottom:solid 3px #93B8C4"> <div class="shortSummaryText" style="max-width:90vw;position:sticky;left:0.2em"> The second chapter in the life of Anne Shirley. This book follows Anne from the age of 16 to 18, during the two years that she teaches at Avonlea school.</div></td></tr> </tbody></table> <p>Examples of stand-alone list articles include: <a href="/wiki/George_Orwell_bibliography" title="George Orwell bibliography">George Orwell bibliography</a>, <a href="/wiki/List_of_books_about_Wikipedia" class="mw-redirect" title="List of books about Wikipedia">List of books about Wikipedia</a>, and <a href="/wiki/National_Outdoor_Book_Award" title="National Outdoor Book Award">National Outdoor Book Award</a>. </p> <dl><dt>Embedded lists</dt></dl> <p>Lists that form only a small part of an article are called embedded lists. While content should be presented in prose, sometimes information is best presented as a list. Like stand-alone lists, they can use tables. Consult <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Embedded_lists" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Embedded lists">Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Embedded lists</a> for guidelines on when and how to use these lists. </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Lists" class="mw-disambig" title="Wikipedia:Lists">Wikipedia:Lists</a></div> <p><br/> </p> <table border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" width="95%" style="background: transparent; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-top: 0.5em; border: 0px white solid;"> <tbody><tr style="background: linear-gradient(0.45turn, #295D8A, #4682B4, #B0C4DE); color:#FFFFFF;"> <td style="padding-left: 0.5em; color:#FFFFFF;"> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Stubs" data-mw-thread-id="h-Stubs"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Stubs"></span><span style="color:#FFFFFF;">Stubs</span><span data-mw-comment-end="h-Stubs"></span></h3></div> </td> <td class="plainlinks" style="text-align: right; padding-right: 0.5em; color:#FFFFFF;"> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p><br/> Per <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Stub" title="Wikipedia:Stub">Wikipedia:Stub</a>, stub articles are those that are too short to provide more than rudimentary information about a subject. These articles should include a stub template at the end of the article. You may use the generic <span class="nowrap">{{</span><a href="/wiki/Template:Book-stub" title="Template:Book-stub">book-stub</a><span class="nowrap">}}</span> template or a more specific one, like <span class="nowrap">{{</span><a href="/wiki/Template:Nonfiction-book-stub" title="Template:Nonfiction-book-stub">nonfiction-book-stub</a><span class="nowrap">}}</span>, <span class="nowrap">{{</span><a href="/wiki/Template:Bio-book-stub" title="Template:Bio-book-stub">bio-book-stub</a><span class="nowrap">}}</span>, <span class="nowrap">{{</span><a href="/wiki/Template:Crime-book-stub" title="Template:Crime-book-stub">crime-book-stub</a><span class="nowrap">}}</span>, <span class="nowrap">{{</span><a href="/wiki/Template:Hist-book-stub" title="Template:Hist-book-stub">hist-book-stub</a><span class="nowrap">}}</span>, <span class="nowrap">{{</span><a href="/wiki/Template:Poli-book-stub" title="Template:Poli-book-stub">poli-book-stub</a><span class="nowrap">}}</span>, <span class="nowrap">{{</span><a href="/wiki/Template:Reli-book-stub" title="Template:Reli-book-stub">reli-book-stub</a><span class="nowrap">}}</span>, <span class="nowrap">{{</span><a href="/wiki/Template:Science-book-stub" title="Template:Science-book-stub">science-book-stub</a><span class="nowrap">}}</span>, <span class="nowrap">{{</span><a href="/wiki/Template:Travel-book-stub" title="Template:Travel-book-stub">travel-book-stub</a><span class="nowrap">}}</span>, or others listed at <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Stub_sorting/Stub_types#Literature" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Stub sorting/Stub types">WikiProject Stub sorting</a>. </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Category:Book_stubs" title="Category:Book stubs">Category:Book stubs</a></div> <p><br/> </p> <table border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" width="95%" style="background: transparent; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-top: 0.5em; border: 0px white solid;"> <tbody><tr style="background: linear-gradient(0.45turn, #295D8A, #4682B4, #B0C4DE); color:#FFFFFF;"> <td style="padding-left: 0.5em; color:#FFFFFF;"> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Template" data-mw-thread-id="h-Template"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Template"></span><span style="color:#FFFFFF;">Template</span><span data-mw-comment-end="h-Template"></span></h3></div> </td> <td class="plainlinks" style="text-align: right; padding-right: 0.5em; color:#FFFFFF;"> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p><br/> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237879475">.mw-parser-output .tmbox{margin:4px 0;border-collapse:collapse;border:1px solid #c0c090;background-color:#f8eaba;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .tmbox.mbox-small{font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .tmbox-speedy{border:2px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .tmbox-delete{border:2px solid 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.import-top{background-color:#FFBFFF}.mw-parser-output .import-high{background-color:#FFCCFF}.mw-parser-output .import-mid{background-color:#FFD9FF}.mw-parser-output .import-low{background-color:#FFE7FF}.mw-parser-output .import-bottom{background-color:#FFEBFF}.mw-parser-output .import-na{background-color:#F5F5F5}.mw-parser-output .import-unknown{background-color:#DCDCDC}.mw-parser-output .class-fa,.mw-parser-output .class-fl,.mw-parser-output .class-fm{background-color:#BED3FF}.mw-parser-output .class-a,.mw-parser-output .class-al{background-color:#C0FFFF}.mw-parser-output .class-ga{background-color:#C0FFC0}.mw-parser-output .class-b,.mw-parser-output .class-bl{background-color:#DFFFBF}.mw-parser-output .class-c,.mw-parser-output .class-cl{background-color:#FFFFBE}.mw-parser-output .class-start{background-color:#FFDBBF}.mw-parser-output .class-stub,.mw-parser-output .class-sl{background-color:#FFC0C0}.mw-parser-output .class-list{background-color:#D2C0FF}.mw-parser-output .class-na{background-color:#F5F5F5}.mw-parser-output .class-category{background-color:#FFDB58}.mw-parser-output .class-disambig{background-color:#00FA9A}.mw-parser-output .class-draft{background-color:#E7B198}.mw-parser-output .class-file{background-color:#DDCCFF}.mw-parser-output .class-future{background-color:#B4BBFF}.mw-parser-output .class-portal{background-color:#DDB1BC}.mw-parser-output .class-project{background-color:#C0C090}.mw-parser-output .class-redirect{background-color:#C0C0C0}.mw-parser-output .class-sia{background-color:#E9DAFF}.mw-parser-output .class-user{background-color:#DDD06A}.mw-parser-output .class-template{background-color:#FBCEB1}.mw-parser-output .class-unassessed{background-color:#DCDCDC}.mw-parser-output .conflict{border:0.2em solid red}.mw-parser-output .inactive-wikiproject .wpb-header-bubbles{color:inherit}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .wpb-category-box{background-color:#0a0a0a}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .wpbs .wpb .wpb-main,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .wpbs .wpb-header{background-color:#302f2d}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .wpbs .banner-shell-inner{background-color:#2e2505}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .wpb-category-box{background-color:#0a0a0a}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .wpbs .wpb .wpb-main,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .wpbs .wpb-header{background-color:#302f2d}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .wpbs .banner-shell-inner{background-color:#2e2505}}</style><table class="tmbox tmbox-notice mw-collapsible innercollapse wpb wpb-table"><tbody><tr class="wpb-header"><td class="wpb-header-icon"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Open_book_01.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="WikiProject icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Open_book_01.svg/25px-Open_book_01.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="25" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Open_book_01.svg/38px-Open_book_01.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Open_book_01.svg/50px-Open_book_01.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="360" data-file-height="360"/></a></span></td><td class="wpb-header-combined"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Books</a> <span class="wpb-header-bubbles class-unassessed">Unassessed</span></td></tr><tr><td class="mbox-text wpb-main" colspan="2"><table><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image wpb-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Open_book_01.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="WikiProject icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Open_book_01.svg/50px-Open_book_01.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="50" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Open_book_01.svg/75px-Open_book_01.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Open_book_01.svg/100px-Open_book_01.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="360" data-file-height="360"/></a></span></td><td class="mbox-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239009302">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{clear:left;float:left;margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}</style><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Nuvola_apps_bookcase.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Nuvola_apps_bookcase.svg/28px-Nuvola_apps_bookcase.svg.png" decoding="async" width="28" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Nuvola_apps_bookcase.svg/42px-Nuvola_apps_bookcase.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Nuvola_apps_bookcase.svg/56px-Nuvola_apps_bookcase.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="128" data-file-height="128"/></a></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Books" title="Portal:Books">Books portal</a></span></li></ul>This article is within the scope of <i><b><a class="mw-selflink selflink">WikiProject Books</a></b></i>. To participate in the project, please visit its page, where you can <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Books/Members" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Books/Members">join the project</a> and <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia_talk:WikiProject_Books" title="Wikipedia talk:WikiProject Books">discuss matters related to book articles</a>. To use this banner, please refer to the <a href="/wiki/Template:WPBooks/doc" class="mw-redirect" title="Template:WPBooks/doc">documentation</a>.<span class="metadata wpb-metadata"><span class="wpb-project">Books</span><span class="wpb-project_link">Wikipedia:WikiProject Books</span><span class="wpb-banner_name">Template:WikiProject Books</span><span class="wpb-assessment_cat">Book articles</span></span></td><td class="mbox-empty-cell"></td></tr><tr><td class="assess class-unassessed"><a href="/wiki/Category:Unassessed_Book_articles" title="Category:Unassessed Book articles">???</a></td><td class="mbox-text" colspan="2">This article has not yet received a rating on Wikipedia's <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Content_assessment" title="Wikipedia:Content assessment">content assessment</a> scale.</td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The general banner for WikiProject Books is <span class="nowrap">{{</span><a href="/wiki/Template:WikiProject_Books" title="Template:WikiProject Books">WikiProject Books</a><span class="nowrap">}}</span>. You can add it to any articles in the scope of the WikiProject like so: </p> <pre>{{WikiProject Books |class = |listas = }} </pre> <p><b>class</b>: Options are <b>FA</b>, <b>GA</b>, <b>B</b>, <b>C</b>, <b>Start</b>, <b>Stub</b>, <b>Dab</b>, <b>Template</b>, <b>Cat</b>. If blank, this will default as Unassessed. The criteria for each class is listed at <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Version_1.0_Editorial_Team/Assessment#Grades" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:Version 1.0 Editorial Team/Assessment">Wikipedia:Version 1.0 Editorial Team/Assessment#Grades</a>. </p><p><b>listas</b>: Operates like <a href="/wiki/Help:Category#Default_sort_key" title="Help:Category">{{DEFAULTSORT}}</a> (for example, for <i>The Autobiography of Malcolm X</i>, use <b>|listas=Autobiography of Malcolm X, The</b>). </p><p>Full template documentation can be found at <a href="/wiki/Template:WikiProject_Books" title="Template:WikiProject Books">Template:WikiProject Books</a>. </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Category:Book_templates" title="Category:Book templates">Category:Book templates</a></div> <p>Additionally, you may show you are a member of this project by adding <span class="nowrap">{{</span><a href="/wiki/Template:User_WikiProject_Books" title="Template:User WikiProject Books">User WikiProject Books</a><span class="nowrap">}}</span> onto your userpage. Which will show as this: </p> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <div class="wikipediauserbox" style="float:left;border:1px solid #997755;margin:1px;width:238px"><table role="presentation" style="border-collapse:collapse;width:238px;margin-bottom:0;margin-top:0;background:#FFFBEE;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><td style="border:0;width:45px;height:45px;background:#997755;text-align:center;font-size:14pt;font-weight:bold;color:black;padding:0 1px 0 0;line-height:1.25em;vertical-align:middle"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Open_book_01.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Open_book_01.svg/45px-Open_book_01.svg.png" decoding="async" width="45" height="45" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Open_book_01.svg/68px-Open_book_01.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Open_book_01.svg/90px-Open_book_01.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="360" data-file-height="360"/></a></span></td><td style="border:0;text-align:center;font-size:8pt;padding:0 4px 0 4px;height:45px;line-height:1.3em;color:black;vertical-align:middle">This user <a href="/wiki/Category:WikiProject_Books_participants" title="Category:WikiProject Books participants">participates</a> in<br/><a class="mw-selflink selflink"><span style="font-size:125%;font-weight:bold;">WikiProject Books</span></a>.</td></tr></tbody></table></div> <p><br/> </p> <table border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" width="95%" style="background: transparent; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-top: 0.5em; border: 0px white solid;"> <tbody><tr style="background: linear-gradient(0.45turn, #295D8A, #4682B4, #B0C4DE); color:#FFFFFF;"> <td style="padding-left: 0.5em; color:#FFFFFF;"> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Work_to_be_done" data-mw-thread-id="h-Work_to_be_done"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Work_to_be_done"></span><span style="color:#FFFFFF;">Work to be done</span><span data-mw-comment-end="h-Work_to_be_done"></span></h3></div> </td> <td class="plainlinks" style="text-align: right; padding-right: 0.5em; color:#FFFFFF;"> </td></tr></tbody></table> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main page: <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Books/To-do" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Books/To-do">Wikipedia:WikiProject Books/To-do</a></div> <ul><li>Write articles by expanding <a href="/wiki/Category:Stub-Class_Book_articles" title="Category:Stub-Class Book articles">stub-class</a> or <a href="/wiki/Category:Start-Class_Book_articles" title="Category:Start-Class Book articles">start-class</a> articles.</li> <li>Create new articles from <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Requested_articles/Culture_and_fine_arts/Literature" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:Requested articles/Culture and fine arts/Literature">Wikipedia:Requested articles/Culture and fine arts/Literature</a> and <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Missing_encyclopedic_articles/List_of_notable_books" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Missing encyclopedic articles/List of notable books">WikiProject Missing encyclopedic articles/List of notable books</a></li> <li>Participate in <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Deletion_sorting/Literature" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Deletion sorting/Literature">literature-related deletion discussions</a></li> <li>Add images to <a href="/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_requested_photographs_of_publications" title="Category:Wikipedia requested photographs of publications">Category:Wikipedia requested photographs of publications</a></li> <li>Help <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Pushing_to_1.0" title="Wikipedia:Pushing to 1.0">Push to Wikipedia 1.0</a> (see also <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Books/Worklist" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Books/Worklist">WikiProject Books/Worklist</a>)</li> <li>Review articles at <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Peer_review" title="Wikipedia:Peer review">Wikipedia:Peer review</a>, <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:FAC" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:FAC">Featured article candidates</a>, or new articles:</li></ul> <div style="clear: both; margin: 0.5em; overflow: auto; height: 230px; border: 1px solid #AAA; padding-left: 0.5em;"> <p><a href="/wiki/User:AlexNewArtBot/LiteratureSearchResult" title="User:AlexNewArtBot/LiteratureSearchResult">User:AlexNewArtBot/LiteratureSearchResult</a> </p> </div> <p><br/> </p> <table border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" width="95%" style="background: transparent; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-top: 0.5em; border: 0px white solid;"> <tbody><tr style="background: linear-gradient(0.45turn, #295D8A, #4682B4, #B0C4DE); color:#FFFFFF;"> <td style="padding-left: 0.5em; color:#FFFFFF;"> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="External_links" data-mw-thread-id="h-External_links"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-External_links"></span><span style="color:#FFFFFF;">External links</span><span data-mw-comment-end="h-External_links"></span></h3></div> </td> <td class="plainlinks" style="text-align: right; padding-right: 0.5em; color:#FFFFFF;"> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p><br/> </p> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://toolserver.org/~dispenser/cgi-bin/transcluded_changes.py?namespace=&page=Template:WikiProject_Books">Wikiproject Watchlist - WikiProject Books</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.wwnorton.com/nawol/">The Norton Anthology of World Literature</a> Study material which provides notes and context.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://catalog.loc.gov/">Library of Congress Online Catalog</a> Edition information and subject headings.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bl.uk/">The British Library</a> Online catalog.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theeuropeanlibrary.org">The European Library</a> Online catalogs and digital collections of Europe's national libraries.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.complete-review.com/main/main.html">the complete review</a> Compilation of book reviews</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.litencyc.com/">The Literary Encyclopedia</a> Profiles of works and authors written by scholars</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://neglectedbooks.com">The Neglected Books Page - www.NeglectedBooks.com: Where forgotten books are remembered</a></li></ul> <p><br/> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 ext-discussiontools-init-section"><h2 id="See_also" data-mw-thread-id="h-See_also"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-See_also"></span>See also<span data-mw-comment-end="h-See_also"></span></h2></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bibliography_of_Wikipedia" title="Bibliography of Wikipedia">Bibliography of Wikipedia</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Wikipedia_help_pages" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="text-align:center;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Wikipedia_help_pages" title="Template:Wikipedia help pages"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Wikipedia_help_pages" title="Template talk:Wikipedia help pages"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Wikipedia_help_pages" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Wikipedia help pages"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Wikipedia_help_pages" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Directory" title="Help:Directory">Wikipedia help pages</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="text-align:center;"><div> <ul><li><b>Visit the <i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Teahouse" title="Wikipedia:Teahouse">Teahouse</a></i> or the <i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Help_desk" title="Wikipedia:Help desk">Help desk</a></i> for an interactive <abbr title="questions and answers">Q & A</abbr> forum.</b></li></ul> <hr/> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:FAQ" title="Wikipedia:FAQ">FAQs</a></b> <b><abbr title="This is a list of frequently asked questions about using and contributing to Wikipedia.">(?)</abbr></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Reference_desk" title="Wikipedia:Reference desk">Reference desks</a></b> <b><abbr title="Works like a library reference desk. Ask a question here and Wikipedia volunteers will try to answer it.">(?)</abbr></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Noticeboards" title="Wikipedia:Noticeboards">Noticeboards</a></b> <b><abbr title="Pages where editors can ask questions and request assistance from people who are familiar with the policies and guidelines covered by each individual board.">(?)</abbr></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Help:Cheatsheet" title="Help:Cheatsheet">Cheatsheet</a></b> <b><abbr title="For a list of the most commonly used Wiki markup and templates.">(?)</abbr></b></li> <li><b> <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Directories_and_indexes" title="Wikipedia:Directories and indexes">Directories</a></b> <b><abbr title="For a list of Wikipedia's directories and indexes.">(?)</abbr></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align:center;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About" title="Wikipedia:About">About Wikipedia</a> <abbr title="Wikipedia's governess and customs">(?)</abbr></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Administration" title="Wikipedia:Administration">Administration</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Purpose" title="Wikipedia:Purpose">Purpose</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Five_pillars" title="Wikipedia:Five pillars">Principles</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Policies_and_guidelines" title="Wikipedia:Policies and guidelines">Policies and guidelines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:What_Wikipedia_is_not" title="Wikipedia:What Wikipedia is not">What Wikipedia is not</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:General_disclaimer" title="Wikipedia:General disclaimer">Disclaimer</a> (<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Advice_for_parents" title="Wikipedia:Advice for parents">parental advice</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Request_directory" title="Wikipedia:Request directory">Making requests</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Who_writes_Wikipedia%3F" title="Wikipedia:Who writes Wikipedia?">Who writes Wikipedia?</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align:center;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Reader%27s_index_to_Wikipedia" title="Wikipedia:Reader's index to Wikipedia">Help for readers</a> <abbr title="Concerns and questions readers may have about Wikipedia">(?)</abbr></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:FAQ/Readers" title="Wikipedia:FAQ/Readers">FAQ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Wikipedia_book_creator_status" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:Wikipedia book creator status">Books</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Copyright" title="Help:Copyright">Copyright</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Glossary" class="mw-redirect" title="Help:Glossary">Glossary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Mobile_access" title="Help:Mobile access">Mobile access</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Navigation" title="Help:Navigation">Navigation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Other_languages" title="Help:Other languages">Other languages</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Searching" title="Help:Searching">Searching</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Student_help" title="Help:Student help">Students</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Viewing_media" title="Help:Viewing media">Viewing media</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align:center;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contributing_to_Wikipedia" title="Wikipedia:Contributing to Wikipedia">Contributing<br/>to Wikipedia</a> <abbr title="Overviews and resources needed to comprehend, comment on, and edit">(?)</abbr></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Guidance_for_younger_editors" title="Wikipedia:Guidance for younger editors">Advice for young editors</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Avoiding_common_mistakes" title="Wikipedia:Avoiding common mistakes">Avoiding common mistakes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Etiquette" title="Wikipedia:Etiquette">Etiquette</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Simplified_Manual_of_Style" title="Wikipedia:Simplified Manual of Style">Simplified Manual of Style</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Simplified_ruleset" title="Wikipedia:Simplified ruleset">Simplified rule-set</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Ignore_all_rules" title="Wikipedia:Ignore all rules">"Ignore all rules"</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:The_rules_are_principles" title="Wikipedia:The rules are principles">"The rules are principles"</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Styletips" title="Wikipedia:Styletips">Style-tips</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Tip_of_the_day" title="Wikipedia:Tip of the day">Tip of the day</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Your_first_article" title="Help:Your first article">Your first article</a> (<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Article_wizard" title="Wikipedia:Article wizard">article wizard</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align:center;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Help:Getting_started" title="Help:Getting started">Getting started</a> <abbr title="Introductions and tutorials">(?)</abbr></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Why_create_an_account%3F" title="Wikipedia:Why create an account?">Why create an account?</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" title="Help:Introduction">Introductions by topic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Graphics_tutorials" title="Wikipedia:Graphics tutorials">Graphics tutorials</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Help:Pictures" title="Help:Pictures">Picture tutorial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:IRC/Tutorial" title="Wikipedia:IRC/Tutorial">IRC <span style="font-size:85%;">(live chat)</span> tutorial</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:VisualEditor/User_guide" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:VisualEditor/User guide">VisualEditor user guide</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align:center;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Dos_and_don%27ts" title="Wikipedia:Dos and don'ts">Dos and don'ts</a> <abbr title="Wikipedia policies, guidelines, and formatting standards in bullet points">(?)</abbr></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Accessibility_dos_and_don%27ts" title="Wikipedia:Accessibility dos and don'ts">Accessibility</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Biography_dos_and_don%27ts" title="Wikipedia:Biography dos and don'ts">Biographies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Biographies_of_living_persons_dos_and_don%27ts" title="Wikipedia:Biographies of living persons dos and don'ts">Biographies (living)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Categorization_dos_and_don%27ts" title="Wikipedia:Categorization dos and don'ts">Categorization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Consensus_dos_and_don%27ts" title="Wikipedia:Consensus dos and don'ts">Consensus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Talk_dos_and_don%27ts" title="Wikipedia:Talk dos and don'ts">Discussions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Disambiguation_dos_and_don%27ts" title="Wikipedia:Disambiguation dos and don'ts">Disambiguation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Image_dos_and_don%27ts" title="Wikipedia:Image dos and don'ts">Images</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Lead_dos_and_don%27ts" title="Wikipedia:Lead dos and don'ts">Leads</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Linking_dos_and_don%27ts" title="Wikipedia:Linking dos and don'ts">Links</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:List_dos_and_don%27ts" title="Wikipedia:List dos and don'ts">Lists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:References_dos_and_don%27ts" title="Wikipedia:References dos and don'ts">References</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Table_dos_and_don%27ts" title="Wikipedia:Table dos and don'ts">Tables</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Article_title_dos_and_don%27ts" title="Wikipedia:Article title dos and don'ts">Titles (of articles)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align:center;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_how-to" title="Category:Wikipedia how-to">How-to pages</a> and<br/><a href="/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_information_pages" title="Category:Wikipedia information pages">information pages</a> <abbr title="Topic specific informative and instructional pages">(?)</abbr></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Guide_to_appealing_blocks" title="Wikipedia:Guide to appealing blocks">Appealing blocks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Guide_to_deletion" title="Wikipedia:Guide to deletion">Article deletion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Citations_quick_reference" title="Help:Citations quick reference">Citations/references</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">Referencing for beginners</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Citation_Style_1" title="Help:Citation Style 1">Citation Style 1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Cite_errors" title="Help:Cite errors">Cite errors</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:References_and_page_numbers" title="Help:References and page numbers">References and page numbers</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Convert" title="Help:Convert">Convert</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Diff" title="Help:Diff">Diff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Editing" title="Help:Editing">Editing</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Help:Minor_edit" title="Help:Minor edit">Minor edit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Edit_toolbar" title="Help:Edit toolbar">toolbar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Edit_conflict" title="Help:Edit conflict">edit conflict</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Find_sources" title="Help:Find sources">Find sources</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Files" title="Help:Files">Files</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Footnotes" title="Help:Footnotes">Footnotes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Guide_to_image_deletion" title="Wikipedia:Guide to image deletion">Image deletion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Infobox" title="Help:Infobox">Infoboxes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Link" title="Help:Link">Linking</a> (<a href="/wiki/Help:Link_color" title="Help:Link color">link color</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Logging_in" title="Help:Logging in">Logging in</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Merging" title="Wikipedia:Merging">Merging</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Page_name" title="Help:Page name">Page name</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Help:How_to_move_a_page" title="Help:How to move a page">Renaming pages</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Redirect" title="Help:Redirect">Redirect</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Reset_password" title="Help:Reset password">Passwords</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Help:Email_confirmation" title="Help:Email confirmation">Email confirmation</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Reverting" title="Help:Reverting">Reverting</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Help:Simple_guide_to_vandalism_cleanup" title="Help:Simple guide to vandalism cleanup">Simple vandalism cleanup</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Talk_pages" title="Help:Talk pages">Talk pages</a> (<a href="/wiki/Help:Archiving_a_talk_page" title="Help:Archiving a talk page">archiving</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Archiving_(plain_and_simple)" title="Help:Archiving (plain and simple)">simple archiving</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:User_contributions" title="Help:User contributions">User contributions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:WP_search_protocol" title="Help:WP search protocol">WP search protocol</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align:center;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Wiki_markup" class="mw-redirect" title="Wiki markup">Coding</a> <abbr title="Wikitext information consists of the syntax used to format a page">(?)</abbr></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Help:Wikitext" title="Help:Wikitext">Wiki markup</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Barchart" title="Help:Barchart">Barcharts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Calculation" title="Help:Calculation">Calculations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Special_characters" title="Help:Special characters">Characters</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Columns" title="Help:Columns">Columns</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Elevation" title="Help:Elevation">Elevation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Hidden_text" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Hidden text">Hidden text</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:HTML_in_wikitext" title="Help:HTML in wikitext">HTML</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:List" title="Help:List">Lists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Magic_words" title="Help:Magic words">Magic words</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Musical_symbols" title="Help:Musical symbols">Music symbols</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Section" title="Help:Section">Sections</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Sound_file_markup" title="Help:Sound file markup">Sounds</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Table" title="Help:Table">Tables</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Template" title="Help:Template">Templates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Transclusion" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:Transclusion">Transclusion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:URL" title="Help:URL">URL</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Visual_file_markup" title="Help:Visual file markup">Visual files</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align:center;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Directories_and_indexes" title="Wikipedia:Directories and indexes">Directories</a> <abbr title="Wikipedia's directories and indexes">(?)</abbr></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Wikipedia_abbreviations" title="Wikipedia:Wikipedia abbreviations">Abbreviations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents" title="Wikipedia:Contents">Contents</a> <small>(Encyclopedia proper)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Department_directory" title="Wikipedia:Department directory">Departments</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Editor%27s_index_to_Wikipedia" title="Wikipedia:Editor's index to Wikipedia">Editor's index</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Essay_directory" title="Wikipedia:Essay directory">Essays</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:FAQ/Index" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:FAQ/Index">FAQs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Glossary" title="Wikipedia:Glossary">Glossary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:List_of_guidelines" title="Wikipedia:List of guidelines">Guidelines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Contents" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Contents">Manual of Style </a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:List_of_policies" title="Wikipedia:List of policies">Policies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Maintenance" title="Wikipedia:Maintenance">Tasks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Tips" title="Wikipedia:Tips">Tips</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Tools" title="Wikipedia:Tools">Tools</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="text-align:center;"><div><b> <a href="/wiki/Help:Wikipedia:_The_Missing_Manual" title="Help:Wikipedia: The Missing Manual">Missing Manual</a></b> <hr/> <span class="noprint plainlinks" title="Edit Special:MyTalk"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:MyTalk&action=edit&section=new&preload=Help:Contents/helpmepreload&preloadtitle=Help+me%21"><b>Ask for help on your talk page</b></a></span> <b><abbr title="If you need help, you can use this link to ask a question on your talk page; a volunteer will visit you there shortly!">(?)</abbr></b></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Wikipedia_key_policies_and_guidelines_(?)" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="text-align: center;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Wikipedia_policies_and_guidelines" title="Template:Wikipedia policies and guidelines"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Wikipedia_policies_and_guidelines" title="Template talk:Wikipedia policies and guidelines"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Wikipedia_policies_and_guidelines" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Wikipedia policies and guidelines"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Wikipedia_key_policies_and_guidelines_(?)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Wikipedia key <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Policies_and_guidelines" title="Wikipedia:Policies and guidelines">policies and guidelines</a> <span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Wikipedia's policies and guidelines are developed by the community to describe best practices, clarify principles, resolve conflicts, and otherwise further our goal.">(?)</span></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="text-align: center;"><div> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Five_pillars" title="Wikipedia:Five pillars">Five pillars</a></b> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Ignore_all_rules" title="Wikipedia:Ignore all rules">Ignore all rules</a></b></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align: center;;width:6.9em;text-align:left;">Content <span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="defines the scope of the encyclopedia and the material that is suitable for it">(?)</span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:left; font-weight: normal;"><b><span style="color:#118811;"><abbr title="Policies"><span style="font-size:120%">P</span></abbr></span></b></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">Verifiability</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:No_original_research" title="Wikipedia:No original research">No original research</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Neutral_point_of_view" title="Wikipedia:Neutral point of view">Neutral point of view</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:What_Wikipedia_is_not" title="Wikipedia:What Wikipedia is not">What Wikipedia is not</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Biographies_of_living_persons" title="Wikipedia:Biographies of living persons">Biographies of living persons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Copyrights" title="Wikipedia:Copyrights">Copyright</a> (<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Copyright_violations" title="Wikipedia:Copyright violations">Copyright violations</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Image_use_policy" title="Wikipedia:Image use policy">Image use</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Article_titles" title="Wikipedia:Article titles">Article titles</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:left; font-weight: normal;"><b><span style="color:#0077A4;"><abbr title="Guidelines"><span style="font-size:120%">G</span></abbr></span></b></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Notability" title="Wikipedia:Notability">Notability</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Autobiography" title="Wikipedia:Autobiography">Autobiography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">Citing sources</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Reliable_sources" title="Wikipedia:Reliable sources">Reliable sources</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Identifying_reliable_sources_(medicine)" title="Wikipedia:Identifying reliable sources (medicine)">Medicine</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Do_not_include_the_full_text_of_lengthy_primary_sources" title="Wikipedia:Do not include the full text of lengthy primary sources">Do not include copies of lengthy primary sources</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Plagiarism" title="Wikipedia:Plagiarism">Plagiarism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Do_not_create_hoaxes" title="Wikipedia:Do not create hoaxes">Don't create hoaxes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Fringe_theories" title="Wikipedia:Fringe theories">Fringe theories</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Patent_nonsense" title="Wikipedia:Patent nonsense">Patent nonsense</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:External_links" title="Wikipedia:External links">External links</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align: center;;width:6.9em;text-align:left;">Conduct <span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="describes how editors can successfully collaborate and what behavior is acceptable">(?)</span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:left; font-weight: normal;"><b><span style="color:#118811;"><abbr title="Policies"><span style="font-size:120%">P</span></abbr></span></b></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Civility" title="Wikipedia:Civility">Civility</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Consensus" title="Wikipedia:Consensus">Consensus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Harassment" title="Wikipedia:Harassment">Harassment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Vandalism" title="Wikipedia:Vandalism">Vandalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Ignore_all_rules" title="Wikipedia:Ignore all rules">Ignore all rules</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:No_personal_attacks" title="Wikipedia:No personal attacks">No personal attacks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Ownership_of_content" title="Wikipedia:Ownership of content">Ownership of content</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Edit_warring" title="Wikipedia:Edit warring">Edit warring</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Dispute_resolution" title="Wikipedia:Dispute resolution">Dispute resolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Sockpuppetry" title="Wikipedia:Sockpuppetry">Sockpuppetry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:No_legal_threats" title="Wikipedia:No legal threats">No legal threats</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Child_protection" title="Wikipedia:Child protection">Child protection</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Paid-contribution_disclosure" title="Wikipedia:Paid-contribution disclosure">Paid-contribution disclosure</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:left; font-weight: normal;"><b><span style="color:#0077A4;"><abbr title="Guidelines"><span style="font-size:120%">G</span></abbr></span></b></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Assume_good_faith" title="Wikipedia:Assume good faith">Assume good faith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Conflict_of_interest" title="Wikipedia:Conflict of interest">Conflict of interest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Disruptive_editing" title="Wikipedia:Disruptive editing">Disruptive editing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Do_not_disrupt_Wikipedia_to_illustrate_a_point" title="Wikipedia:Do not disrupt Wikipedia to illustrate a point">Do not disrupt Wikipedia to illustrate a point</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Etiquette" title="Wikipedia:Etiquette">Etiquette</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Gaming_the_system" title="Wikipedia:Gaming the system">Gaming the system</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Please_do_not_bite_the_newcomers" title="Wikipedia:Please do not bite the newcomers">Please do not bite the newcomers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Courtesy_vanishing" title="Wikipedia:Courtesy vanishing">Courtesy vanishing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Responding_to_threats_of_harm" title="Wikipedia:Responding to threats of harm">Responding to threats of harm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Talk_page_guidelines" title="Wikipedia:Talk page guidelines">Talk page guidelines</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Signatures" title="Wikipedia:Signatures">Signatures</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align: center;;width:6.9em;text-align:left;">Deletion <span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="explains the processes by which pages, revisions, and logs may be deleted">(?)</span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="P" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:left; font-weight: normal;"><b><span style="color:#118811;"><abbr title="Policies"><span style="font-size:120%">P</span></abbr></span></b></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Deletion_policy" title="Wikipedia:Deletion policy">Deletion policy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Proposed_deletion" title="Wikipedia:Proposed deletion">Proposed deletion</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Proposed_deletion_of_biographies_of_living_people" title="Wikipedia:Proposed deletion of biographies of living people">Biographies</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Criteria_for_speedy_deletion" title="Wikipedia:Criteria for speedy deletion">Criteria for speedy deletion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Attack_page" title="Wikipedia:Attack page">Attack page</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Oversight" title="Wikipedia:Oversight">Oversight</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Revision_deletion" title="Wikipedia:Revision deletion">Revision deletion</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align: center;;width:6.9em;text-align:left;">Enforcement <span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="explains the various means by which standards may be enforced">(?)</span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="P" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:left; font-weight: normal;"><b><span style="color:#118811;"><abbr title="Policies"><span style="font-size:120%">P</span></abbr></span></b></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Administrators" title="Wikipedia:Administrators">Administrators</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Banning_policy" title="Wikipedia:Banning policy">Banning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Blocking_policy" title="Wikipedia:Blocking policy">Blocking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Protection_policy" title="Wikipedia:Protection policy">Page protection</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align: center;;width:6.9em;text-align:left;">Editing <span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="documents the various protocols about style and grouping">(?)</span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:left; font-weight: normal;"><b><span style="color:#118811;"><abbr title="Policies"><span style="font-size:120%">P</span></abbr></span></b></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Editing_policy" title="Wikipedia:Editing policy">Editing policy</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:left; font-weight: normal;"><b><span style="color:#0077A4;"><abbr title="Guidelines"><span style="font-size:120%">G</span></abbr></span></b></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Article_size" title="Wikipedia:Article size">Article size</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Summary_style" title="Wikipedia:Summary style">Summary style</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Be_bold" title="Wikipedia:Be bold">Be bold</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Disambiguation" title="Wikipedia:Disambiguation">Disambiguation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Hatnote" title="Wikipedia:Hatnote">Hatnotes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Broad-concept_article" title="Wikipedia:Broad-concept article">Broad-concept article</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Make_technical_articles_understandable" title="Wikipedia:Make technical articles understandable">Understandability</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:left; font-weight: normal;">Style</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style">Manual of Style</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Contents" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Contents">Contents</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Accessibility" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Accessibility">Accessibility</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Dates_and_numbers" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Dates and numbers">Dates and numbers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Images" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Images">Images</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Layout" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Layout">Layout</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Lead_section" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Lead section">Lead section</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Linking" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Linking">Linking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Lists" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Lists">Lists</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:left; font-weight: normal;">Classification</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Categories,_lists,_and_navigation_templates" title="Wikipedia:Categories, lists, and navigation templates">Categories, lists, and navigation templates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Categorization" title="Wikipedia:Categorization">Categorization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Template_namespace" title="Wikipedia:Template namespace">Template namespace</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align: center;;width:6.9em;text-align:left;">Project content <span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="protocols related to administration">(?)</span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="G" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:left; font-weight: normal;"><b><span style="color:#0077A4;"><abbr title="Guidelines"><span style="font-size:120%">G</span></abbr></span></b></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Project_namespace" title="Wikipedia:Project namespace">Project namespace</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Council/Guide" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Council/Guide">WikiProjects</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:User_pages" title="Wikipedia:User pages">User pages</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Userboxes" title="Wikipedia:Userboxes">User boxes</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Shortcut" title="Wikipedia:Shortcut">Shortcuts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Subpages" title="Wikipedia:Subpages">Subpages</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align: center;;width:6.9em;text-align:left;;background: #dddddd;color:inherit;"><abbr title="Wikimedia Foundation">WMF</abbr> <abbr title="official policies and statements of the Wikimedia Foundation">(?)</abbr></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="P" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:left; font-weight: normal; background: #e6e6e6;color:inherit;"><b><span style="color:#118811;"><abbr title="Policies"><span style="font-size:120%">P</span></abbr></span></b></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct" class="extiw" title="wmf:Policy:Universal Code of Conduct">Universal Code of Conduct</a></li> <li><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Terms_of_Use" class="extiw" title="wmf:Terms of Use">Terms of Use</a></li> <li><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Policies" class="extiw" title="wmf:Policies">List of policies</a></li> <li><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Friendly_space_policy" class="extiw" title="wmf:Friendly space policy">Friendly space policy</a></li> <li><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Resolution:Licensing_policy" class="extiw" title="wmf:Resolution:Licensing policy">Licensing and copyright</a></li> <li><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Privacy_policy" class="extiw" title="wmf:Privacy policy">Privacy policy</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="text-align: center;;font-weight: normal;"><div> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:List_of_policies_and_guidelines" title="Wikipedia:List of policies and guidelines">List of all policies and guidelines</a></b> <ul><li><b><span style="color:#118811;"><span style="font-size:120%">P</span></span></b>: <b><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:List_of_policies" title="Wikipedia:List of policies">List of policies</a></b></li> <li><b><span style="color:#0077A4;"><span style="font-size:120%">G</span></span></b>: <b><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:List_of_guidelines" title="Wikipedia:List of guidelines">List of guidelines</a></b></li></ul></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Principles" title="Wikipedia:Principles">Summaries of values and principles</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="20px_WikiProject_Council" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:WikiProject_Footer" title="Template:WikiProject Footer"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:WikiProject_Footer" title="Template talk:WikiProject Footer"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:WikiProject_Footer" title="Special:EditPage/Template:WikiProject Footer"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="20px_WikiProject_Council" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:WikiProject_Council_with_transparent_background.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/WikiProject_Council_with_transparent_background.svg/20px-WikiProject_Council_with_transparent_background.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/WikiProject_Council_with_transparent_background.svg/30px-WikiProject_Council_with_transparent_background.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/WikiProject_Council_with_transparent_background.svg/40px-WikiProject_Council_with_transparent_background.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="459"/></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Council" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Council">WikiProject Council</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center; box-shadow: inset 1px 1px 0 darkgray, inset -1px -1px 0 darkgray;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Book_icoline.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Book_icoline.svg/20px-Book_icoline.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Book_icoline.svg/30px-Book_icoline.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Book_icoline.svg/40px-Book_icoline.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="341" data-file-height="187"/></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Council/Guide" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Council/Guide">WikiProject guides</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0;box-shadow: inset 0 1px 0 0 darkgray;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Council" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Council">WikiProject Council</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia_talk:WikiProject_Council" title="Wikipedia talk:WikiProject Council">Talk</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Council/Guide" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Council/Guide">Guidelines/Intro</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Council/Guide/WikiProject" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Council/Guide/WikiProject">WikiProjects</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Council/Guide/Task_forces" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Council/Guide/Task forces">Task forces</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Council/Guide/Technical_notes" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Council/Guide/Technical notes">Technical notes</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Council/Assessment_FAQ" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Council/Assessment FAQ">Assessment FAQ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Version_1.0_Editorial_Team/Work_via_WikiProjects" title="Wikipedia:Version 1.0 Editorial Team/Work via WikiProjects">Work via WikiProjects</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center; box-shadow: inset 1px 1px 0 darkgray, inset -1px -1px 0 darkgray;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:People_icon.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/People_icon.svg/20px-People_icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/People_icon.svg/30px-People_icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/People_icon.svg/40px-People_icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="100" data-file-height="100"/></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Council/Directory" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Council/Directory">Directories and summaries</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0;box-shadow: inset 0 1px 0 0 darkgray;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Council/Directory" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Council/Directory">Directory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Council/Proposals" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Council/Proposals">Proposals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Miscellany_for_deletion/WikiProjects" title="Wikipedia:Miscellany for deletion/WikiProjects">Deletion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Wikipedia_Signpost/Series/WikiProject_report" title="Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/Series/WikiProject report">Signpost</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Shortcut_directory/Project_shortcuts" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:Shortcut directory/Project shortcuts">Shortcuts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/User:Community_Tech_bot/Popular_pages" title="User:Community Tech bot/Popular pages">Popular pages</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Database_reports" title="Wikipedia:Database reports">Database reports</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Database_reports/WikiProject_watchers" title="Wikipedia:Database reports/WikiProject watchers">Watchers</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center; box-shadow: inset 1px 1px 0 darkgray, inset -1px -1px 0 darkgray;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Gnome-applications-graphics.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Gnome-applications-graphics.svg/20px-Gnome-applications-graphics.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Gnome-applications-graphics.svg/30px-Gnome-applications-graphics.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Gnome-applications-graphics.svg/40px-Gnome-applications-graphics.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="48" data-file-height="48"/></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Council/Directory/Culture" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Council/Directory/Culture">Culture and the arts</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0;box-shadow: inset 0 1px 0 0 darkgray;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Council/Directory/Culture#Arts" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Council/Directory/Culture">Arts</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Council/Directory/Culture/Music" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Council/Directory/Culture/Music">Music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Council/Directory/Culture#Performing_arts" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Council/Directory/Culture">Performing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Council/Directory/Culture#Plastic_arts" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Council/Directory/Culture">Plastic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Council/Directory/Culture#Visual_arts" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Council/Directory/Culture">Visual</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Council/Directory/Culture#Broadcasting" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Council/Directory/Culture">Broadcasting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Council/Directory/Culture#Crafts_and_hobbies" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Council/Directory/Culture">Crafts and hobbies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Council/Directory/Culture#Entertainment" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Council/Directory/Culture">Entertainment</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Council/Directory/Culture/Games" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Council/Directory/Culture/Games">Games and toys</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Council/Directory/Culture#Food_and_drink" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Council/Directory/Culture">Food and drink</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Council/Directory/Culture#Internet_culture" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Council/Directory/Culture">Internet culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Council/Directory/Culture/Language_and_literature" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Council/Directory/Culture/Language and literature">Language and literature</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Council/Directory/Culture/Language_and_literature#Biography" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Council/Directory/Culture/Language and literature">Biography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Council/Directory/Culture/Language_and_literature#Linguistics" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Council/Directory/Culture/Language and literature">Linguistics</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Council/Directory/Culture#Media" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Council/Directory/Culture">Media</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Council/Directory/Culture/Philosophy_and_religion" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Council/Directory/Culture/Philosophy and religion">Philosophy and religion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Council/Directory/Culture/Sports" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Council/Directory/Culture/Sports">Sports</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center; box-shadow: inset 1px 1px 0 darkgray, inset -1px -1px 0 darkgray;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Ambox_globe_Americas.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Ambox_globe_Americas.svg/20px-Ambox_globe_Americas.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Ambox_globe_Americas.svg/30px-Ambox_globe_Americas.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Ambox_globe_Americas.svg/40px-Ambox_globe_Americas.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512"/></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Council/Directory/Geographical" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Council/Directory/Geographical">Geographical</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0;box-shadow: inset 0 1px 0 0 darkgray;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Council/Directory/Geographical#Bodies_of_water" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Council/Directory/Geographical">Bodies of water</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Council/Directory/Geographical#Cities" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Council/Directory/Geographical">Cities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Council/Directory/Geographical#Countries" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Council/Directory/Geographical">Countries</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Council/Directory/Geographical/Africa" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Council/Directory/Geographical/Africa">Africa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Council/Directory/Geographical/Americas" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Council/Directory/Geographical/Americas">Americas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Council/Directory/Geographical/Asia" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Council/Directory/Geographical/Asia">Asia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Council/Directory/Geographical/Europe" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Council/Directory/Geographical/Europe">Europe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Council/Directory/Geographical/Oceania" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Council/Directory/Geographical/Oceania">Oceania</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Council/Directory/Geographical#Landforms" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Council/Directory/Geographical">Landforms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Council/Directory/Geographical#Maps" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Council/Directory/Geographical">Maps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Council/Directory/Geographical#Parks,_conservation_areas,_and_historical_sites" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Council/Directory/Geographical">Parks, conservation areas and historical sites</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center; box-shadow: inset 1px 1px 0 darkgray, inset -1px -1px 0 darkgray;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:System-users.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/System-users.svg/20px-System-users.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/System-users.svg/30px-System-users.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/System-users.svg/40px-System-users.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="48" data-file-height="48"/></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Council/Directory/History_and_society" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Council/Directory/History and society">History and society</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0;box-shadow: inset 0 1px 0 0 darkgray;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Council/Directory/History_and_society#History_and_society" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Council/Directory/History and society">History and society</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Council/Directory/History_and_society#Business_and_economics" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Council/Directory/History and society">Business and economics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Council/Directory/History_and_society#Education" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Council/Directory/History and society">Education</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Council/Directory/History_and_society#Military_and_warfare" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Council/Directory/History and society">Military and warfare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Council/Directory/History_and_society#Politics_and_government" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Council/Directory/History and society">Politics and government</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Council/Directory/History_and_society#Transportation" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Council/Directory/History and society">Transportation</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center; box-shadow: inset 1px 1px 0 darkgray, inset -1px -1px 0 darkgray;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Tango_atom.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Tango_atom.svg/20px-Tango_atom.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Tango_atom.svg/30px-Tango_atom.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Tango_atom.svg/40px-Tango_atom.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="48" data-file-height="48"/></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Council/Directory/Science" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Council/Directory/Science">Science, technology<br/>and engineering</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0;box-shadow: inset 0 1px 0 0 darkgray;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Council/Directory/Science#Science" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Council/Directory/Science">Science</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Council/Directory/Science#Biology" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Council/Directory/Science">Biology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Council/Directory/Science#Chemistry" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Council/Directory/Science">Chemistry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Council/Directory/Science#Economics" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Council/Directory/Science">Economics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Council/Directory/Science#Geosciences" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Council/Directory/Science">Geosciences</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Council/Directory/Science#Information_science" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Council/Directory/Science">Information science</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Council/Directory/Science#Mathematics" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Council/Directory/Science">Mathematics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Council/Directory/Science#Medicine" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Council/Directory/Science">Medicine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Council/Directory/Science#Meteorology" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Council/Directory/Science">Meteorology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Council/Directory/Science#Physics" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Council/Directory/Science">Physics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Council/Directory/Science#Space" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Council/Directory/Science">Space</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Council/Directory/Science#Technology" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Council/Directory/Science">Technology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Council/Directory/Science#Time" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Council/Directory/Science">Time</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center; box-shadow: inset 1px 1px 0 darkgray, inset -1px -1px 0 darkgray;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Tango_style_Wikipedia_Icon.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Tango_style_Wikipedia_Icon.svg/20px-Tango_style_Wikipedia_Icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Tango_style_Wikipedia_Icon.svg/30px-Tango_style_Wikipedia_Icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Tango_style_Wikipedia_Icon.svg/40px-Tango_style_Wikipedia_Icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="48" data-file-height="48"/></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Council/Directory/Wikipedia" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Council/Directory/Wikipedia">Wikipedia assistance<br/>and tasks</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0;box-shadow: inset 0 1px 0 0 darkgray;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Council/Directory/Wikipedia#Contents_systems" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Council/Directory/Wikipedia">Contents systems</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Council/Directory/Wikipedia#Maintenance" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Council/Directory/Wikipedia">Maintenance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Council/Directory/Wikipedia#Files" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Council/Directory/Wikipedia">Files</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Council/Directory/Wikipedia#Article_improvement_and_grading" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Council/Directory/Wikipedia">Article improvement and grading</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Council/Directory/Wikipedia#Classroom_projects" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Council/Directory/Wikipedia">Classroom projects</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Council/Directory/Wikipedia#WikiProjects" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Council/Directory/Wikipedia">WikiProjects</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" 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