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class="custom-control-input" type="checkbox" name="facet[tax][msr-post-author]" id="user-31130" value="31130" data-bi-id="31130" data-bi-cN="Asta Roseway" data-bi-slot="5" data-bi-type="People" data-bi-bhvr="4" data-bi-tN="search-facet" > <label class="custom-control-label" for="user-31130"> <span class="custom-control-glyph"></span> Asta Roseway <span>(18)</span> </label> </div> <div class="custom-control custom-checkbox custom-control--depth-0"> <input class="custom-control-input" type="checkbox" name="facet[tax][msr-post-author]" id="user-40753" value="40753" data-bi-id="40753" data-bi-cN="Sara Malvar" data-bi-slot="6" data-bi-type="People" data-bi-bhvr="4" data-bi-tN="search-facet" > <label class="custom-control-label" for="user-40753"> <span class="custom-control-glyph"></span> Sara Malvar <span>(15)</span> </label> </div> <div class="custom-control custom-checkbox custom-control--depth-0"> <input class="custom-control-input" type="checkbox" name="facet[tax][msr-post-author]" id="user-32384" value="32384" data-bi-id="32384" data-bi-cN="Nebojsa Jojic" data-bi-slot="7" data-bi-type="People" data-bi-bhvr="4" data-bi-tN="search-facet" > <label class="custom-control-label" for="user-32384"> <span class="custom-control-glyph"></span> Nebojsa Jojic <span>(13)</span> </label> </div> <div class="custom-control custom-checkbox custom-control--depth-0"> <input class="custom-control-input" type="checkbox" name="facet[tax][msr-post-author]" id="user-32587" value="32587" data-bi-id="32587" data-bi-cN="Karin Strauss" data-bi-slot="8" data-bi-type="People" data-bi-bhvr="4" data-bi-tN="search-facet" > <label class="custom-control-label" for="user-32587"> <span class="custom-control-glyph"></span> Karin Strauss <span>(13)</span> </label> </div> <div class="custom-control custom-checkbox custom-control--depth-0"> <input class="custom-control-input" type="checkbox" name="facet[tax][msr-post-author]" id="user-36161" value="36161" data-bi-id="36161" data-bi-cN="Lester Mackey" 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data-bi-tN="search-facet" > <label class="custom-control-label" for="user-33344"> <span class="custom-control-glyph"></span> Ranveer Chandra <span>(11)</span> </label> </div> <div class="custom-control custom-checkbox custom-control--depth-0"> <input class="custom-control-input" type="checkbox" name="facet[tax][msr-post-author]" id="user-38481" value="38481" data-bi-id="38481" data-bi-cN="Jiang Bian" data-bi-slot="12" data-bi-type="People" data-bi-bhvr="4" data-bi-tN="search-facet" > <label class="custom-control-label" for="user-38481"> <span class="custom-control-glyph"></span> Jiang Bian <span>(11)</span> </label> </div> <div class="custom-control custom-checkbox custom-control--depth-0"> <input class="custom-control-input" type="checkbox" name="facet[tax][msr-post-author]" id="user-41269" value="41269" data-bi-id="41269" data-bi-cN="Amy Luers" data-bi-slot="13" data-bi-type="People" data-bi-bhvr="4" data-bi-tN="search-facet" > <label class="custom-control-label" for="user-41269"> 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</div> <div class="custom-control custom-checkbox custom-control--depth-0"> <input class="custom-control-input" type="checkbox" name="facet[tax][msr-post-author]" id="user-39757" value="39757" data-bi-id="39757" data-bi-cN="Shahrzad Gholami" data-bi-slot="16" data-bi-type="People" data-bi-bhvr="4" data-bi-tN="search-facet" > <label class="custom-control-label" for="user-39757"> <span class="custom-control-glyph"></span> Shahrzad Gholami <span>(9)</span> </label> </div> <div class="custom-control custom-checkbox custom-control--depth-0"> <input class="custom-control-input" type="checkbox" name="facet[tax][msr-post-author]" id="user-42462" value="42462" data-bi-id="42462" data-bi-cN="Zhongqi Miao" data-bi-slot="17" data-bi-type="People" data-bi-bhvr="4" data-bi-tN="search-facet" > <label class="custom-control-label" for="user-42462"> <span class="custom-control-glyph"></span> Zhongqi Miao <span>(8)</span> </label> </div> <div class="custom-control custom-checkbox custom-control--depth-0"> <input class="custom-control-input" type="checkbox" name="facet[tax][msr-post-author]" id="user-33599" value="33599" data-bi-id="33599" data-bi-cN="Sharon Gillett" data-bi-slot="18" data-bi-type="People" data-bi-bhvr="4" data-bi-tN="search-facet" > <label class="custom-control-label" for="user-33599"> <span class="custom-control-glyph"></span> Sharon Gillett <span>(7)</span> </label> </div> <div class="custom-control custom-checkbox custom-control--depth-0"> <input class="custom-control-input" type="checkbox" name="facet[tax][msr-post-author]" id="user-39925" value="39925" data-bi-id="39925" data-bi-cN="Felipe Oviedo" data-bi-slot="19" data-bi-type="People" data-bi-bhvr="4" data-bi-tN="search-facet" > <label class="custom-control-label" for="user-39925"> <span class="custom-control-glyph"></span> Felipe Oviedo <span>(7)</span> </label> </div> <div class="custom-control custom-checkbox custom-control--depth-0"> <input class="custom-control-input" type="checkbox" name="facet[tax][msr-post-author]" id="user-40891" value="40891" data-bi-id="40891" data-bi-cN="Jake Smith" data-bi-slot="20" data-bi-type="People" data-bi-bhvr="4" data-bi-tN="search-facet" > <label class="custom-control-label" for="user-40891"> <span class="custom-control-glyph"></span> Jake Smith <span>(7)</span> </label> </div> <div class="custom-control custom-checkbox custom-control--depth-0"> <input class="custom-control-input" type="checkbox" name="facet[tax][msr-post-author]" id="user-31435" value="31435" data-bi-id="31435" data-bi-cN="Chuck Needham" data-bi-slot="21" data-bi-type="People" data-bi-bhvr="4" data-bi-tN="search-facet" > <label class="custom-control-label" for="user-31435"> <span class="custom-control-glyph"></span> Chuck Needham <span>(6)</span> </label> </div> <div class="custom-control custom-checkbox custom-control--depth-0"> <input class="custom-control-input" type="checkbox" name="facet[tax][msr-post-author]" id="user-31739" value="31739" data-bi-id="31739" data-bi-cN="Emre Kiciman" data-bi-slot="22" data-bi-type="People" data-bi-bhvr="4" data-bi-tN="search-facet" > <label class="custom-control-label" for="user-31739"> <span class="custom-control-glyph"></span> Emre Kiciman <span>(6)</span> </label> </div> <div class="custom-control custom-checkbox custom-control--depth-0"> <input class="custom-control-input" type="checkbox" name="facet[tax][msr-post-author]" id="user-33073" value="33073" data-bi-id="33073" data-bi-cN="Neel Joshi" data-bi-slot="23" data-bi-type="People" data-bi-bhvr="4" data-bi-tN="search-facet" > <label class="custom-control-label" for="user-33073"> <span class="custom-control-glyph"></span> Neel Joshi <span>(6)</span> </label> </div> <div class="custom-control custom-checkbox custom-control--depth-0"> <input class="custom-control-input" type="checkbox" name="facet[tax][msr-post-author]" id="user-39724" value="39724" data-bi-id="39724" data-bi-cN="Md Nasir" data-bi-slot="24" data-bi-type="People" data-bi-bhvr="4" data-bi-tN="search-facet" > <label class="custom-control-label" for="user-39724"> <span class="custom-control-glyph"></span> Md Nasir <span>(6)</span> </label> </div> <div class="custom-control custom-checkbox custom-control--depth-0"> <input class="custom-control-input" type="checkbox" name="facet[tax][msr-post-author]" id="user-41284" value="41284" data-bi-id="41284" data-bi-cN="Kali Frost" data-bi-slot="25" data-bi-type="People" data-bi-bhvr="4" data-bi-tN="search-facet" > <label class="custom-control-label" for="user-41284"> <span class="custom-control-glyph"></span> Kali Frost <span>(6)</span> </label> </div> <div class="custom-control custom-checkbox custom-control--depth-0"> <input class="custom-control-input" type="checkbox" name="facet[tax][msr-post-author]" id="user-33581" value="33581" data-bi-id="33581" data-bi-cN="Spencer Fowers" data-bi-slot="26" data-bi-type="People" data-bi-bhvr="4" data-bi-tN="search-facet" > <label class="custom-control-label" for="user-33581"> <span class="custom-control-glyph"></span> Spencer Fowers <span>(5)</span> </label> </div> <div class="custom-control custom-checkbox custom-control--depth-0"> <input class="custom-control-input" type="checkbox" name="facet[tax][msr-post-author]" id="user-34431" value="34431" data-bi-id="34431" data-bi-cN="Tie-Yan Liu" data-bi-slot="27" data-bi-type="People" data-bi-bhvr="4" data-bi-tN="search-facet" > <label class="custom-control-label" for="user-34431"> <span class="custom-control-glyph"></span> Tie-Yan Liu <span>(5)</span> </label> </div> <div class="custom-control custom-checkbox custom-control--depth-0"> <input class="custom-control-input" type="checkbox" name="facet[tax][msr-post-author]" id="user-34498" value="34498" data-bi-id="34498" data-bi-cN="Vassily Lyutsarev" data-bi-slot="28" data-bi-type="People" data-bi-bhvr="4" data-bi-tN="search-facet" > <label class="custom-control-label" for="user-34498"> <span class="custom-control-glyph"></span> Vassily Lyutsarev <span>(5)</span> </label> </div> <div class="custom-control custom-checkbox custom-control--depth-0"> <input class="custom-control-input" type="checkbox" name="facet[tax][msr-post-author]" id="user-38085" value="38085" data-bi-id="38085" data-bi-cN="Vaishnavi Ranganathan" data-bi-slot="29" data-bi-type="People" data-bi-bhvr="4" data-bi-tN="search-facet" > <label class="custom-control-label" for="user-38085"> <span class="custom-control-glyph"></span> Vaishnavi Ranganathan <span>(5)</span> </label> </div> <div class="custom-control custom-checkbox custom-control--depth-0"> <input class="custom-control-input" type="checkbox" name="facet[tax][msr-post-author]" id="user-39892" value="39892" data-bi-id="39892" data-bi-cN="Peeyush Kumar" data-bi-slot="30" data-bi-type="People" data-bi-bhvr="4" data-bi-tN="search-facet" > <label class="custom-control-label" for="user-39892"> <span class="custom-control-glyph"></span> Peeyush Kumar <span>(5)</span> </label> </div> <div class="custom-control custom-checkbox custom-control--depth-0"> <input class="custom-control-input" type="checkbox" name="facet[tax][msr-post-author]" id="user-41272" value="41272" data-bi-id="41272" data-bi-cN="Trevor Dhu" data-bi-slot="31" data-bi-type="People" data-bi-bhvr="4" data-bi-tN="search-facet" > <label class="custom-control-label" for="user-41272"> <span class="custom-control-glyph"></span> Trevor Dhu <span>(5)</span> </label> </div> <div class="custom-control custom-checkbox custom-control--depth-0"> <input class="custom-control-input" type="checkbox" name="facet[tax][msr-post-author]" id="user-42654" value="42654" data-bi-id="42654" data-bi-cN="Gilles Quentin Hacheme" data-bi-slot="32" data-bi-type="People" data-bi-bhvr="4" data-bi-tN="search-facet" > <label class="custom-control-label" for="user-42654"> <span class="custom-control-glyph"></span> Gilles Quentin Hacheme <span>(5)</span> </label> </div> <div class="custom-control custom-checkbox custom-control--depth-0"> <input class="custom-control-input" type="checkbox" name="facet[tax][msr-post-author]" id="user-31188" value="31188" data-bi-id="31188" data-bi-cN="Ben Cutler" data-bi-slot="33" data-bi-type="People" data-bi-bhvr="4" data-bi-tN="search-facet" > <label class="custom-control-label" for="user-31188"> <span class="custom-control-glyph"></span> Ben Cutler <span>(4)</span> </label> </div> <div class="custom-control custom-checkbox custom-control--depth-0"> <input class="custom-control-input" type="checkbox" name="facet[tax][msr-post-author]" id="user-31548" value="31548" data-bi-id="31548" data-bi-cN="Darren Gehring" data-bi-slot="34" data-bi-type="People" data-bi-bhvr="4" data-bi-tN="search-facet" > <label class="custom-control-label" for="user-31548"> <span class="custom-control-glyph"></span> Darren Gehring <span>(4)</span> </label> </div> <div class="custom-control custom-checkbox custom-control--depth-0"> <input class="custom-control-input" type="checkbox" name="facet[tax][msr-post-author]" id="user-33180" value="33180" data-bi-id="33180" data-bi-cN="Venkat Padmanabhan" data-bi-slot="35" data-bi-type="People" data-bi-bhvr="4" data-bi-tN="search-facet" > <label class="custom-control-label" for="user-33180"> <span class="custom-control-glyph"></span> Venkat Padmanabhan <span>(4)</span> </label> </div> <div class="custom-control custom-checkbox custom-control--depth-0"> <input class="custom-control-input" type="checkbox" name="facet[tax][msr-post-author]" id="user-35057" value="35057" data-bi-id="35057" data-bi-cN="Yuan-Jyue Chen" data-bi-slot="36" data-bi-type="People" data-bi-bhvr="4" data-bi-tN="search-facet" > <label class="custom-control-label" for="user-35057"> <span class="custom-control-glyph"></span> Yuan-Jyue Chen <span>(4)</span> </label> </div> <div class="custom-control custom-checkbox custom-control--depth-0"> <input class="custom-control-input" type="checkbox" name="facet[tax][msr-post-author]" id="user-39889" value="39889" data-bi-id="39889" data-bi-cN="Chang Liu" data-bi-slot="37" data-bi-type="People" data-bi-bhvr="4" data-bi-tN="search-facet" > <label class="custom-control-label" for="user-39889"> <span class="custom-control-glyph"></span> Chang Liu <span>(4)</span> </label> </div> <div class="custom-control custom-checkbox custom-control--depth-0"> <input class="custom-control-input" type="checkbox" name="facet[tax][msr-post-author]" id="user-40759" value="40759" data-bi-id="40759" data-bi-cN="Leonardo Nunes" data-bi-slot="38" data-bi-type="People" data-bi-bhvr="4" data-bi-tN="search-facet" > <label class="custom-control-label" for="user-40759"> <span class="custom-control-glyph"></span> Leonardo Nunes <span>(4)</span> </label> </div> <div class="custom-control custom-checkbox custom-control--depth-0"> <input class="custom-control-input" type="checkbox" name="facet[tax][msr-post-author]" id="user-41422" value="41422" data-bi-id="41422" data-bi-cN="Ziheng Lu" data-bi-slot="39" data-bi-type="People" data-bi-bhvr="4" data-bi-tN="search-facet" > <label class="custom-control-label" for="user-41422"> <span class="custom-control-glyph"></span> Ziheng Lu <span>(4)</span> </label> </div> <div class="custom-control custom-checkbox custom-control--depth-0"> <input class="custom-control-input" type="checkbox" name="facet[tax][msr-post-author]" id="user-41988" value="41988" data-bi-id="41988" data-bi-cN="Simone Fobi Nsutezo" data-bi-slot="40" data-bi-type="People" data-bi-bhvr="4" data-bi-tN="search-facet" > <label class="custom-control-label" for="user-41988"> <span class="custom-control-glyph"></span> Simone Fobi Nsutezo <span>(4)</span> </label> </div> <div class="custom-control custom-checkbox custom-control--depth-0"> <input class="custom-control-input" type="checkbox" name="facet[tax][msr-post-author]" id="user-42483" value="42483" data-bi-id="42483" data-bi-cN="Amrita Gupta" data-bi-slot="41" data-bi-type="People" data-bi-bhvr="4" data-bi-tN="search-facet" > <label class="custom-control-label" for="user-42483"> <span class="custom-control-glyph"></span> Amrita Gupta <span>(4)</span> </label> </div> <div class="custom-control custom-checkbox custom-control--depth-0"> <input class="custom-control-input" type="checkbox" name="facet[tax][msr-post-author]" id="user-42657" value="42657" data-bi-id="42657" data-bi-cN="Girmaw Abebe Tadesse" data-bi-slot="42" data-bi-type="People" data-bi-bhvr="4" data-bi-tN="search-facet" > <label class="custom-control-label" for="user-42657"> <span class="custom-control-glyph"></span> Girmaw Abebe Tadesse <span>(4)</span> </label> </div> <div class="custom-control custom-checkbox custom-control--depth-0"> <input class="custom-control-input" type="checkbox" name="facet[tax][msr-post-author]" id="user-42666" value="42666" data-bi-id="42666" data-bi-cN="Akram Zaytar" data-bi-slot="43" data-bi-type="People" data-bi-bhvr="4" data-bi-tN="search-facet" > <label class="custom-control-label" for="user-42666"> <span class="custom-control-glyph"></span> Akram Zaytar <span>(4)</span> </label> </div> <div class="custom-control custom-checkbox custom-control--depth-0"> <input class="custom-control-input" type="checkbox" name="facet[tax][msr-post-author]" id="user-31430" value="31430" data-bi-id="31430" data-bi-cN="Chris Quirk" data-bi-slot="44" data-bi-type="People" data-bi-bhvr="4" data-bi-tN="search-facet" > <label class="custom-control-label" for="user-31430"> <span class="custom-control-glyph"></span> Chris Quirk <span>(3)</span> </label> </div> <div class="custom-control custom-checkbox custom-control--depth-0"> <input class="custom-control-input" type="checkbox" name="facet[tax][msr-post-author]" id="user-32333" value="32333" data-bi-id="32333" data-bi-cN="Jonathan Lester" data-bi-slot="45" data-bi-type="People" data-bi-bhvr="4" data-bi-tN="search-facet" > <label class="custom-control-label" for="user-32333"> <span class="custom-control-glyph"></span> Jonathan Lester <span>(3)</span> </label> </div> <div class="custom-control custom-checkbox custom-control--depth-0"> <input class="custom-control-input" type="checkbox" name="facet[tax][msr-post-author]" id="user-37784" value="37784" data-bi-id="37784" data-bi-cN="Yingce Xia" data-bi-slot="46" data-bi-type="People" data-bi-bhvr="4" data-bi-tN="search-facet" > <label class="custom-control-label" for="user-37784"> <span class="custom-control-glyph"></span> Yingce Xia <span>(3)</span> </label> </div> <div class="custom-control custom-checkbox custom-control--depth-0"> <input class="custom-control-input" type="checkbox" name="facet[tax][msr-post-author]" id="user-38883" value="38883" data-bi-id="38883" data-bi-cN="Tanuja Ganu" data-bi-slot="47" data-bi-type="People" data-bi-bhvr="4" data-bi-tN="search-facet" > <label class="custom-control-label" for="user-38883"> <span class="custom-control-glyph"></span> Tanuja Ganu <span>(3)</span> </label> </div> <div class="custom-control custom-checkbox custom-control--depth-0"> <input class="custom-control-input" type="checkbox" name="facet[tax][msr-post-author]" id="user-39345" value="39345" data-bi-id="39345" data-bi-cN="Mark Hamilton" data-bi-slot="48" data-bi-type="People" data-bi-bhvr="4" data-bi-tN="search-facet" > <label class="custom-control-label" for="user-39345"> <span class="custom-control-glyph"></span> Mark Hamilton <span>(3)</span> </label> </div> <div class="custom-control custom-checkbox custom-control--depth-0"> <input class="custom-control-input" type="checkbox" name="facet[tax][msr-post-author]" id="user-39736" value="39736" data-bi-id="39736" data-bi-cN="Meghana Kshirsagar" data-bi-slot="49" data-bi-type="People" data-bi-bhvr="4" data-bi-tN="search-facet" > <label class="custom-control-label" for="user-39736"> <span class="custom-control-glyph"></span> Meghana Kshirsagar <span>(3)</span> </label> </div> <div class="custom-control custom-checkbox custom-control--depth-0"> <input class="custom-control-input" type="checkbox" name="facet[tax][msr-post-author]" id="user-40372" value="40372" data-bi-id="40372" data-bi-cN="Kristen Severson" data-bi-slot="50" data-bi-type="People" data-bi-bhvr="4" data-bi-tN="search-facet" > <label class="custom-control-label" for="user-40372"> <span class="custom-control-glyph"></span> Kristen Severson <span>(3)</span> </label> </div> <div class="custom-control custom-checkbox custom-control--depth-0"> <input class="custom-control-input" type="checkbox" name="facet[tax][msr-post-author]" id="user-40456" value="40456" data-bi-id="40456" data-bi-cN="Lin Huang" data-bi-slot="51" data-bi-type="People" data-bi-bhvr="4" data-bi-tN="search-facet" > <label class="custom-control-label" for="user-40456"> <span class="custom-control-glyph"></span> Lin Huang <span>(3)</span> </label> </div> <div class="custom-control custom-checkbox custom-control--depth-0"> <input class="custom-control-input" type="checkbox" name="facet[tax][msr-post-author]" id="user-40471" value="40471" data-bi-id="40471" data-bi-cN="Anthony Cintron Roman" data-bi-slot="52" data-bi-type="People" data-bi-bhvr="4" data-bi-tN="search-facet" > <label class="custom-control-label" for="user-40471"> <span class="custom-control-glyph"></span> Anthony Cintron Roman <span>(3)</span> </label> </div> <div class="custom-control custom-checkbox custom-control--depth-0"> <input class="custom-control-input" type="checkbox" name="facet[tax][msr-post-author]" id="user-40627" value="40627" data-bi-id="40627" data-bi-cN="Renato L. de F. Cunha" data-bi-slot="53" data-bi-type="People" data-bi-bhvr="4" data-bi-tN="search-facet" > <label class="custom-control-label" for="user-40627"> <span class="custom-control-glyph"></span> Renato L. de F. Cunha <span>(3)</span> </label> </div> <div class="custom-control custom-checkbox custom-control--depth-0"> <input class="custom-control-input" type="checkbox" name="facet[tax][msr-post-author]" id="user-41404" value="41404" data-bi-id="41404" data-bi-cN="Darren Tanner" data-bi-slot="54" data-bi-type="People" data-bi-bhvr="4" data-bi-tN="search-facet" > <label class="custom-control-label" for="user-41404"> <span class="custom-control-glyph"></span> Darren Tanner <span>(3)</span> </label> </div> <div class="custom-control custom-checkbox custom-control--depth-0"> <input class="custom-control-input" type="checkbox" name="facet[tax][msr-post-author]" id="user-41413" value="41413" data-bi-id="41413" data-bi-cN="Tian Xie" data-bi-slot="55" data-bi-type="People" data-bi-bhvr="4" data-bi-tN="search-facet" > <label class="custom-control-label" for="user-41413"> <span class="custom-control-glyph"></span> Tian Xie <span>(3)</span> </label> </div> <div class="custom-control custom-checkbox custom-control--depth-0"> <input class="custom-control-input" type="checkbox" name="facet[tax][msr-post-author]" id="user-31333" value="31333" data-bi-id="31333" data-bi-cN="Jonathan M. Carlson" data-bi-slot="56" data-bi-type="People" data-bi-bhvr="4" data-bi-tN="search-facet" > <label class="custom-control-label" for="user-31333"> <span class="custom-control-glyph"></span> Jonathan M. Carlson <span>(2)</span> </label> </div> <div class="custom-control custom-checkbox custom-control--depth-0"> <input class="custom-control-input" type="checkbox" name="facet[tax][msr-post-author]" id="user-31830" value="31830" data-bi-id="31830" data-bi-cN="Furu Wei" data-bi-slot="57" data-bi-type="People" data-bi-bhvr="4" data-bi-tN="search-facet" > <label class="custom-control-label" for="user-31830"> <span class="custom-control-glyph"></span> Furu Wei <span>(2)</span> </label> </div> <div class="custom-control custom-checkbox custom-control--depth-0"> <input class="custom-control-input" type="checkbox" name="facet[tax][msr-post-author]" id="user-31907" value="31907" data-bi-id="31907" data-bi-cN="Gregory Lee" data-bi-slot="58" data-bi-type="People" data-bi-bhvr="4" data-bi-tN="search-facet" > <label class="custom-control-label" for="user-31907"> <span class="custom-control-glyph"></span> Gregory Lee <span>(2)</span> </label> </div> <div class="custom-control custom-checkbox custom-control--depth-0"> <input class="custom-control-input" type="checkbox" name="facet[tax][msr-post-author]" id="user-32033" value="32033" data-bi-id="32033" data-bi-cN="Eric Horvitz" data-bi-slot="59" data-bi-type="People" data-bi-bhvr="4" data-bi-tN="search-facet" > <label class="custom-control-label" for="user-32033"> <span class="custom-control-glyph"></span> Eric Horvitz <span>(2)</span> </label> </div> <div class="custom-control custom-checkbox custom-control--depth-0"> <input class="custom-control-input" type="checkbox" name="facet[tax][msr-post-author]" id="user-33054" value="33054" data-bi-id="33054" data-bi-cN="Nan Yang" data-bi-slot="60" data-bi-type="People" data-bi-bhvr="4" data-bi-tN="search-facet" > <label class="custom-control-label" for="user-33054"> <span class="custom-control-glyph"></span> Nan Yang <span>(2)</span> </label> </div> <div class="custom-control custom-checkbox custom-control--depth-0"> <input class="custom-control-input" type="checkbox" name="facet[tax][msr-post-author]" id="user-33139" value="33139" data-bi-id="33139" data-bi-cN="Nicolas Villar" data-bi-slot="61" data-bi-type="People" data-bi-bhvr="4" data-bi-tN="search-facet" > <label class="custom-control-label" for="user-33139"> <span class="custom-control-glyph"></span> Nicolas Villar <span>(2)</span> </label> </div> <div class="custom-control custom-checkbox custom-control--depth-0"> <input class="custom-control-input" type="checkbox" name="facet[tax][msr-post-author]" id="user-33651" value="33651" data-bi-id="33651" data-bi-cN="Siân Lindley" data-bi-slot="62" data-bi-type="People" data-bi-bhvr="4" data-bi-tN="search-facet" > <label class="custom-control-label" for="user-33651"> <span class="custom-control-glyph"></span> Siân Lindley <span>(2)</span> </label> </div> <div class="custom-control custom-checkbox custom-control--depth-0"> <input class="custom-control-input" type="checkbox" name="facet[tax][msr-post-author]" id="user-38169" value="38169" data-bi-id="38169" data-bi-cN="Akshay Nambi" data-bi-slot="63" data-bi-type="People" data-bi-bhvr="4" data-bi-tN="search-facet" > <label class="custom-control-label" for="user-38169"> <span class="custom-control-glyph"></span> Akshay Nambi <span>(2)</span> </label> </div> <div class="custom-control custom-checkbox custom-control--depth-0"> <input class="custom-control-input" type="checkbox" name="facet[tax][msr-post-author]" id="user-39657" value="39657" data-bi-id="39657" data-bi-cN="Marah I Abdin" data-bi-slot="64" data-bi-type="People" data-bi-bhvr="4" data-bi-tN="search-facet" > <label class="custom-control-label" for="user-39657"> <span class="custom-control-glyph"></span> Marah I Abdin <span>(2)</span> </label> </div> <div class="custom-control custom-checkbox custom-control--depth-0"> <input class="custom-control-input" type="checkbox" name="facet[tax][msr-post-author]" id="user-40138" value="40138" data-bi-id="40138" data-bi-cN="Weiwei Yang" data-bi-slot="65" data-bi-type="People" data-bi-bhvr="4" data-bi-tN="search-facet" > <label class="custom-control-label" for="user-40138"> <span class="custom-control-glyph"></span> Weiwei Yang <span>(2)</span> </label> </div> <div class="custom-control custom-checkbox custom-control--depth-0"> <input class="custom-control-input" type="checkbox" name="facet[tax][msr-post-author]" id="user-40321" value="40321" data-bi-id="40321" data-bi-cN="Samuel Chege Maina" data-bi-slot="66" data-bi-type="People" data-bi-bhvr="4" data-bi-tN="search-facet" > <label class="custom-control-label" for="user-40321"> <span class="custom-control-glyph"></span> Samuel Chege Maina <span>(2)</span> </label> </div> <div class="custom-control custom-checkbox custom-control--depth-0"> <input class="custom-control-input" type="checkbox" name="facet[tax][msr-post-author]" id="user-40750" value="40750" data-bi-id="40750" data-bi-cN="Roberto Santos" data-bi-slot="67" data-bi-type="People" data-bi-bhvr="4" data-bi-tN="search-facet" > <label class="custom-control-label" for="user-40750"> <span class="custom-control-glyph"></span> Roberto Santos <span>(2)</span> </label> </div> <div class="custom-control custom-checkbox custom-control--depth-0"> <input class="custom-control-input" type="checkbox" name="facet[tax][msr-post-author]" id="user-40756" value="40756" data-bi-id="40756" data-bi-cN="Swati Sharma" data-bi-slot="68" data-bi-type="People" data-bi-bhvr="4" data-bi-tN="search-facet" > <label class="custom-control-label" for="user-40756"> <span class="custom-control-glyph"></span> Swati Sharma <span>(2)</span> </label> </div> <div class="custom-control custom-checkbox custom-control--depth-0"> <input class="custom-control-input" type="checkbox" name="facet[tax][msr-post-author]" id="user-41072" value="41072" data-bi-id="41072" data-bi-cN="Shun Zheng" data-bi-slot="69" data-bi-type="People" data-bi-bhvr="4" data-bi-tN="search-facet" > <label class="custom-control-label" for="user-41072"> <span class="custom-control-glyph"></span> Shun Zheng <span>(2)</span> </label> </div> <div class="custom-control custom-checkbox custom-control--depth-0"> <input class="custom-control-input" type="checkbox" name="facet[tax][msr-post-author]" id="user-41075" value="41075" data-bi-id="41075" data-bi-cN="Jia Zhang" data-bi-slot="70" data-bi-type="People" data-bi-bhvr="4" data-bi-tN="search-facet" > <label class="custom-control-label" for="user-41075"> <span class="custom-control-glyph"></span> Jia Zhang <span>(2)</span> </label> </div> <div class="custom-control custom-checkbox custom-control--depth-0"> <input class="custom-control-input" type="checkbox" name="facet[tax][msr-post-author]" id="user-41087" value="41087" data-bi-id="41087" data-bi-cN="Xinran wei" data-bi-slot="71" data-bi-type="People" data-bi-bhvr="4" data-bi-tN="search-facet" > <label class="custom-control-label" for="user-41087"> <span class="custom-control-glyph"></span> Xinran wei <span>(2)</span> </label> </div> <div class="custom-control custom-checkbox custom-control--depth-0"> <input class="custom-control-input" type="checkbox" name="facet[tax][msr-post-author]" id="user-41221" value="41221" data-bi-id="41221" data-bi-cN="Srinivasan Iyengar" data-bi-slot="72" data-bi-type="People" data-bi-bhvr="4" data-bi-tN="search-facet" > <label class="custom-control-label" for="user-41221"> <span class="custom-control-glyph"></span> Srinivasan Iyengar <span>(2)</span> </label> </div> <div class="custom-control custom-checkbox custom-control--depth-0"> <input class="custom-control-input" type="checkbox" name="facet[tax][msr-post-author]" id="user-41416" value="41416" data-bi-id="41416" data-bi-cN="Thomas Roca, PhD" data-bi-slot="73" data-bi-type="People" data-bi-bhvr="4" data-bi-tN="search-facet" > <label class="custom-control-label" for="user-41416"> <span class="custom-control-glyph"></span> Thomas Roca, PhD <span>(2)</span> </label> </div> <div class="custom-control custom-checkbox custom-control--depth-0"> <input class="custom-control-input" type="checkbox" name="facet[tax][msr-post-author]" id="user-41683" value="41683" data-bi-id="41683" data-bi-cN="Tammy Glazer" data-bi-slot="74" data-bi-type="People" data-bi-bhvr="4" data-bi-tN="search-facet" > <label class="custom-control-label" for="user-41683"> <span class="custom-control-glyph"></span> Tammy Glazer <span>(2)</span> </label> </div> <div class="custom-control custom-checkbox custom-control--depth-0"> <input class="custom-control-input" type="checkbox" name="facet[tax][msr-post-author]" id="user-42312" value="42312" data-bi-id="42312" data-bi-cN="Riyaz Pishori" data-bi-slot="75" data-bi-type="People" data-bi-bhvr="4" data-bi-tN="search-facet" > <label class="custom-control-label" for="user-42312"> <span class="custom-control-glyph"></span> Riyaz Pishori <span>(2)</span> </label> </div> <div class="custom-control custom-checkbox custom-control--depth-0"> <input class="custom-control-input" type="checkbox" name="facet[tax][msr-post-author]" id="user-42456" value="42456" data-bi-id="42456" data-bi-cN="Xiaofan Gui" data-bi-slot="76" data-bi-type="People" data-bi-bhvr="4" data-bi-tN="search-facet" > <label class="custom-control-label" for="user-42456"> <span class="custom-control-glyph"></span> Xiaofan Gui <span>(2)</span> </label> </div> <div class="custom-control custom-checkbox custom-control--depth-0"> <input class="custom-control-input" type="checkbox" name="facet[tax][msr-post-author]" id="user-42513" value="42513" data-bi-id="42513" data-bi-cN="Whitney Hudson" data-bi-slot="77" data-bi-type="People" data-bi-bhvr="4" data-bi-tN="search-facet" > <label class="custom-control-label" for="user-42513"> <span class="custom-control-glyph"></span> Whitney Hudson <span>(2)</span> </label> </div> <div class="custom-control custom-checkbox custom-control--depth-0"> <input class="custom-control-input" type="checkbox" name="facet[tax][msr-post-author]" id="user-43419" value="43419" data-bi-id="43419" data-bi-cN="Jennifer Marsman" data-bi-slot="78" data-bi-type="People" data-bi-bhvr="4" data-bi-tN="search-facet" > <label class="custom-control-label" for="user-43419"> <span class="custom-control-glyph"></span> Jennifer Marsman <span>(2)</span> </label> </div> <div class="custom-control custom-checkbox custom-control--depth-0"> <input class="custom-control-input" type="checkbox" name="facet[tax][msr-post-author]" id="user-30817" value="30817" data-bi-id="30817" data-bi-cN="Alex Crown" data-bi-slot="79" data-bi-type="People" data-bi-bhvr="4" data-bi-tN="search-facet" > <label class="custom-control-label" for="user-30817"> <span class="custom-control-glyph"></span> Alex Crown <span>(1)</span> </label> </div> <div class="custom-control custom-checkbox custom-control--depth-0"> <input class="custom-control-input" type="checkbox" name="facet[tax][msr-post-author]" id="user-31061" value="31061" data-bi-id="31061" data-bi-cN="Ant Rowstron" data-bi-slot="80" data-bi-type="People" data-bi-bhvr="4" data-bi-tN="search-facet" > <label class="custom-control-label" for="user-31061"> <span class="custom-control-glyph"></span> Ant Rowstron <span>(1)</span> </label> </div> <div class="custom-control custom-checkbox custom-control--depth-0"> <input class="custom-control-input" type="checkbox" name="facet[tax][msr-post-author]" id="user-31116" value="31116" data-bi-id="31116" data-bi-cN="Ashley Feniello" data-bi-slot="81" data-bi-type="People" data-bi-bhvr="4" data-bi-tN="search-facet" > <label class="custom-control-label" for="user-31116"> <span class="custom-control-glyph"></span> Ashley Feniello <span>(1)</span> </label> </div> <div class="custom-control custom-checkbox custom-control--depth-0"> <input class="custom-control-input" type="checkbox" name="facet[tax][msr-post-author]" id="user-31167" value="31167" data-bi-id="31167" data-bi-cN="Victor Bahl" data-bi-slot="82" data-bi-type="People" data-bi-bhvr="4" data-bi-tN="search-facet" > <label class="custom-control-label" for="user-31167"> <span class="custom-control-glyph"></span> Victor Bahl <span>(1)</span> </label> </div> <div class="custom-control custom-checkbox custom-control--depth-0"> <input class="custom-control-input" type="checkbox" name="facet[tax][msr-post-author]" id="user-31169" value="31169" data-bi-id="31169" data-bi-cN="Baining Guo" data-bi-slot="83" data-bi-type="People" data-bi-bhvr="4" data-bi-tN="search-facet" > <label class="custom-control-label" for="user-31169"> <span class="custom-control-glyph"></span> Baining Guo <span>(1)</span> </label> </div> <div class="custom-control custom-checkbox custom-control--depth-0"> <input class="custom-control-input" type="checkbox" name="facet[tax][msr-post-author]" id="user-31203" value="31203" data-bi-id="31203" data-bi-cN="Josh Benaloh" data-bi-slot="84" data-bi-type="People" data-bi-bhvr="4" data-bi-tN="search-facet" > <label class="custom-control-label" for="user-31203"> <span class="custom-control-glyph"></span> Josh Benaloh <span>(1)</span> </label> </div> <div class="custom-control custom-checkbox custom-control--depth-0"> <input class="custom-control-input" type="checkbox" name="facet[tax][msr-post-author]" id="user-31257" value="31257" data-bi-id="31257" data-bi-cN="Bhaskar Mitra" data-bi-slot="85" data-bi-type="People" data-bi-bhvr="4" data-bi-tN="search-facet" > <label class="custom-control-label" for="user-31257"> <span class="custom-control-glyph"></span> Bhaskar Mitra <span>(1)</span> </label> </div> <div class="custom-control custom-checkbox custom-control--depth-0"> <input class="custom-control-input" type="checkbox" name="facet[tax][msr-post-author]" id="user-31270" value="31270" data-bi-id="31270" data-bi-cN="Bodhi Priyantha" data-bi-slot="86" data-bi-type="People" data-bi-bhvr="4" data-bi-tN="search-facet" > <label class="custom-control-label" for="user-31270"> <span class="custom-control-glyph"></span> Bodhi Priyantha <span>(1)</span> </label> </div> <div class="custom-control custom-checkbox custom-control--depth-0"> <input class="custom-control-input" type="checkbox" name="facet[tax][msr-post-author]" id="user-31303" value="31303" data-bi-id="31303" data-bi-cN="Brendan Lucier" data-bi-slot="87" data-bi-type="People" data-bi-bhvr="4" data-bi-tN="search-facet" > <label class="custom-control-label" for="user-31303"> <span class="custom-control-glyph"></span> Brendan Lucier <span>(1)</span> </label> </div> <div class="custom-control custom-checkbox custom-control--depth-0"> <input class="custom-control-input" type="checkbox" name="facet[tax][msr-post-author]" id="user-31394" value="31394" data-bi-id="31394" data-bi-cN="Chetan Bansal" data-bi-slot="88" data-bi-type="People" data-bi-bhvr="4" data-bi-tN="search-facet" > <label class="custom-control-label" for="user-31394"> <span class="custom-control-glyph"></span> Chetan Bansal <span>(1)</span> </label> </div> <div class="custom-control custom-checkbox custom-control--depth-0"> <input class="custom-control-input" type="checkbox" name="facet[tax][msr-post-author]" id="user-31442" value="31442" data-bi-id="31442" data-bi-cN="Chris White" data-bi-slot="89" data-bi-type="People" data-bi-bhvr="4" data-bi-tN="search-facet" > <label class="custom-control-label" for="user-31442"> <span class="custom-control-glyph"></span> Chris White <span>(1)</span> </label> </div> <div class="custom-control custom-checkbox custom-control--depth-0"> <input class="custom-control-input" type="checkbox" name="facet[tax][msr-post-author]" id="user-31452" value="31452" data-bi-id="31452" data-bi-cN="Christopher Bishop" data-bi-slot="90" data-bi-type="People" data-bi-bhvr="4" data-bi-tN="search-facet" > <label class="custom-control-label" for="user-31452"> <span class="custom-control-glyph"></span> Christopher Bishop <span>(1)</span> </label> </div> <div class="custom-control custom-checkbox custom-control--depth-0"> <input class="custom-control-input" type="checkbox" name="facet[tax][msr-post-author]" id="user-31473" value="31473" data-bi-id="31473" data-bi-cN="Christian Paquin" data-bi-slot="91" data-bi-type="People" data-bi-bhvr="4" data-bi-tN="search-facet" > <label class="custom-control-label" for="user-31473"> <span class="custom-control-glyph"></span> Christian Paquin <span>(1)</span> </label> </div> <div class="custom-control custom-checkbox custom-control--depth-0"> <input class="custom-control-input" type="checkbox" name="facet[tax][msr-post-author]" id="user-31509" value="31509" data-bi-id="31509" data-bi-cN="Darren Edge" data-bi-slot="92" data-bi-type="People" data-bi-bhvr="4" data-bi-tN="search-facet" > <label class="custom-control-label" for="user-31509"> <span class="custom-control-glyph"></span> Darren Edge <span>(1)</span> </label> </div> <div class="custom-control custom-checkbox custom-control--depth-0"> <input class="custom-control-input" type="checkbox" name="facet[tax][msr-post-author]" id="user-31540" value="31540" data-bi-id="31540" data-bi-cN="Dany Rouhana" data-bi-slot="93" data-bi-type="People" data-bi-bhvr="4" data-bi-tN="search-facet" > <label class="custom-control-label" for="user-31540"> <span class="custom-control-glyph"></span> Dany Rouhana <span>(1)</span> </label> </div> <div class="custom-control custom-checkbox custom-control--depth-0"> <input class="custom-control-input" type="checkbox" name="facet[tax][msr-post-author]" id="user-31753" value="31753" data-bi-id="31753" data-bi-cN="Eric Peterson" data-bi-slot="94" data-bi-type="People" data-bi-bhvr="4" data-bi-tN="search-facet" > <label class="custom-control-label" for="user-31753"> <span class="custom-control-glyph"></span> Eric Peterson <span>(1)</span> </label> </div> <div class="custom-control custom-checkbox custom-control--depth-0"> <input class="custom-control-input" type="checkbox" name="facet[tax][msr-post-author]" id="user-31829" value="31829" data-bi-id="31829" data-bi-cN="Nicolo Fusi" data-bi-slot="95" data-bi-type="People" data-bi-bhvr="4" data-bi-tN="search-facet" > <label class="custom-control-label" for="user-31829"> <span class="custom-control-glyph"></span> Nicolo Fusi <span>(1)</span> </label> </div> <div class="custom-control custom-checkbox custom-control--depth-0"> <input class="custom-control-input" type="checkbox" name="facet[tax][msr-post-author]" id="user-31885" value="31885" data-bi-id="31885" data-bi-cN="E. Glen Weyl" data-bi-slot="96" data-bi-type="People" data-bi-bhvr="4" data-bi-tN="search-facet" > <label class="custom-control-label" for="user-31885"> <span class="custom-control-glyph"></span> E. Glen Weyl <span>(1)</span> </label> </div> <div class="custom-control custom-checkbox custom-control--depth-0"> <input class="custom-control-input" type="checkbox" name="facet[tax][msr-post-author]" id="user-31943" value="31943" data-bi-id="31943" data-bi-cN="Hannes Gamper" data-bi-slot="97" data-bi-type="People" data-bi-bhvr="4" data-bi-tN="search-facet" > <label class="custom-control-label" for="user-31943"> <span class="custom-control-glyph"></span> Hannes Gamper <span>(1)</span> </label> </div> <div class="custom-control custom-checkbox custom-control--depth-0"> <input class="custom-control-input" type="checkbox" name="facet[tax][msr-post-author]" id="user-31991" value="31991" data-bi-id="31991" data-bi-cN="David Heckerman" data-bi-slot="98" data-bi-type="People" data-bi-bhvr="4" data-bi-tN="search-facet" > <label class="custom-control-label" for="user-31991"> <span class="custom-control-glyph"></span> David Heckerman <span>(1)</span> </label> </div> <div class="custom-control custom-checkbox custom-control--depth-0"> <input class="custom-control-input" type="checkbox" name="facet[tax][msr-post-author]" id="user-32110" value="32110" data-bi-id="32110" data-bi-cN="Irina Spiridonova" data-bi-slot="99" data-bi-type="People" data-bi-bhvr="4" data-bi-tN="search-facet" > <label class="custom-control-label" for="user-32110"> <span class="custom-control-glyph"></span> Irina Spiridonova <span>(1)</span> </label> </div> <div class="custom-control custom-checkbox custom-control--depth-0"> <input class="custom-control-input" type="checkbox" name="facet[tax][msr-post-author]" id="user-32127" value="32127" data-bi-id="32127" data-bi-cN="Ivan Tashev" data-bi-slot="100" data-bi-type="People" data-bi-bhvr="4" data-bi-tN="search-facet" > <label class="custom-control-label" for="user-32127"> <span class="custom-control-glyph"></span> Ivan Tashev <span>(1)</span> </label> </div> <div class="custom-control custom-checkbox custom-control--depth-0"> <input class="custom-control-input" type="checkbox" name="facet[tax][msr-post-author]" id="user-32200" value="32200" data-bi-id="32200" data-bi-cN="Jennifer Chayes" data-bi-slot="101" data-bi-type="People" data-bi-bhvr="4" data-bi-tN="search-facet" > <label class="custom-control-label" for="user-32200"> <span class="custom-control-glyph"></span> Jennifer Chayes <span>(1)</span> </label> </div> <div class="custom-control custom-checkbox custom-control--depth-0"> <input class="custom-control-input" type="checkbox" name="facet[tax][msr-post-author]" id="user-32246" value="32246" data-bi-id="32246" data-bi-cN="Jianfeng Gao" data-bi-slot="102" data-bi-type="People" data-bi-bhvr="4" data-bi-tN="search-facet" > <label class="custom-control-label" for="user-32246"> <span class="custom-control-glyph"></span> Jianfeng Gao <span>(1)</span> </label> </div> <div class="custom-control custom-checkbox custom-control--depth-0"> <input class="custom-control-input" type="checkbox" name="facet[tax][msr-post-author]" id="user-32312" value="32312" data-bi-id="32312" data-bi-cN="Jinyu Li" data-bi-slot="103" data-bi-type="People" data-bi-bhvr="4" data-bi-tN="search-facet" > <label class="custom-control-label" for="user-32312"> <span class="custom-control-glyph"></span> Jinyu Li <span>(1)</span> </label> </div> <div class="custom-control custom-checkbox custom-control--depth-0"> <input class="custom-control-input" type="checkbox" name="facet[tax][msr-post-author]" id="user-32385" value="32385" data-bi-id="32385" data-bi-cN="Jonathan Larson" data-bi-slot="104" data-bi-type="People" data-bi-bhvr="4" data-bi-tN="search-facet" > <label class="custom-control-label" for="user-32385"> <span class="custom-control-glyph"></span> Jonathan Larson <span>(1)</span> </label> </div> <div class="custom-control custom-checkbox custom-control--depth-0"> <input class="custom-control-input" type="checkbox" name="facet[tax][msr-post-author]" id="user-32458" value="32458" data-bi-id="32458" data-bi-cN="Jessica Wolk" data-bi-slot="105" data-bi-type="People" data-bi-bhvr="4" data-bi-tN="search-facet" > <label class="custom-control-label" for="user-32458"> <span class="custom-control-glyph"></span> Jessica Wolk <span>(1)</span> </label> </div> <div class="custom-control custom-checkbox custom-control--depth-0"> <input class="custom-control-input" type="checkbox" name="facet[tax][msr-post-author]" id="user-32494" value="32494" data-bi-id="32494" data-bi-cN="Kate Crawford" data-bi-slot="106" data-bi-type="People" data-bi-bhvr="4" data-bi-tN="search-facet" > <label class="custom-control-label" for="user-32494"> <span class="custom-control-glyph"></span> Kate Crawford <span>(1)</span> </label> </div> <div class="custom-control custom-checkbox custom-control--depth-0"> <input class="custom-control-input" type="checkbox" name="facet[tax][msr-post-author]" id="user-32510" value="32510" data-bi-id="32510" data-bi-cN="Karen Easterbrook" data-bi-slot="107" data-bi-type="People" data-bi-bhvr="4" data-bi-tN="search-facet" > <label class="custom-control-label" for="user-32510"> <span class="custom-control-glyph"></span> Karen Easterbrook <span>(1)</span> </label> </div> <div class="custom-control custom-checkbox custom-control--depth-0"> <input class="custom-control-input" type="checkbox" name="facet[tax][msr-post-author]" id="user-32791" value="32791" data-bi-id="32791" data-bi-cN="Manik Varma" data-bi-slot="108" data-bi-type="People" data-bi-bhvr="4" data-bi-tN="search-facet" > <label class="custom-control-label" for="user-32791"> <span class="custom-control-glyph"></span> Manik Varma <span>(1)</span> </label> </div> <div class="custom-control custom-checkbox custom-control--depth-0"> <input class="custom-control-input" type="checkbox" name="facet[tax][msr-post-author]" id="user-32814" value="32814" data-bi-id="32814" data-bi-cN="Mark Encarnación" data-bi-slot="109" data-bi-type="People" data-bi-bhvr="4" data-bi-tN="search-facet" > <label class="custom-control-label" for="user-32814"> <span class="custom-control-glyph"></span> Mark Encarnación <span>(1)</span> </label> </div> <div class="custom-control custom-checkbox custom-control--depth-0"> <input class="custom-control-input" type="checkbox" name="facet[tax][msr-post-author]" id="user-32920" value="32920" data-bi-id="32920" data-bi-cN="Mike Shepperd" data-bi-slot="110" data-bi-type="People" data-bi-bhvr="4" data-bi-tN="search-facet" > <label class="custom-control-label" for="user-32920"> <span class="custom-control-glyph"></span> Mike Shepperd <span>(1)</span> </label> </div> <div class="custom-control custom-checkbox custom-control--depth-0"> <input class="custom-control-input" type="checkbox" name="facet[tax][msr-post-author]" id="user-33084" value="33084" data-bi-id="33084" data-bi-cN="Nishanth Chandran" data-bi-slot="111" data-bi-type="People" data-bi-bhvr="4" data-bi-tN="search-facet" > <label class="custom-control-label" for="user-33084"> <span class="custom-control-glyph"></span> Nishanth Chandran <span>(1)</span> </label> </div> <div class="custom-control custom-checkbox custom-control--depth-0"> <input class="custom-control-input" type="checkbox" name="facet[tax][msr-post-author]" id="user-33086" value="33086" data-bi-id="33086" data-bi-cN="Nicole Immorlica" data-bi-slot="112" data-bi-type="People" data-bi-bhvr="4" data-bi-tN="search-facet" > <label class="custom-control-label" for="user-33086"> <span class="custom-control-glyph"></span> Nicole Immorlica <span>(1)</span> </label> </div> <div class="custom-control custom-checkbox custom-control--depth-0"> <input class="custom-control-input" type="checkbox" name="facet[tax][msr-post-author]" id="user-33238" value="33238" data-bi-id="33238" data-bi-cN="Peter Lee" data-bi-slot="113" data-bi-type="People" data-bi-bhvr="4" data-bi-tN="search-facet" > <label class="custom-control-label" for="user-33238"> <span class="custom-control-glyph"></span> Peter Lee <span>(1)</span> </label> </div> <div class="custom-control custom-checkbox custom-control--depth-0"> <input class="custom-control-input" type="checkbox" name="facet[tax][msr-post-author]" id="user-33271" value="33271" data-bi-id="33271" data-bi-cN="Patrick Longa" data-bi-slot="114" data-bi-type="People" data-bi-bhvr="4" data-bi-tN="search-facet" > <label class="custom-control-label" for="user-33271"> <span class="custom-control-glyph"></span> Patrick Longa <span>(1)</span> </label> </div> <div class="custom-control custom-checkbox custom-control--depth-0"> <input class="custom-control-input" type="checkbox" name="facet[tax][msr-post-author]" id="user-33286" value="33286" data-bi-id="33286" data-bi-cN="Jonathan Protzenko" data-bi-slot="115" data-bi-type="People" data-bi-bhvr="4" data-bi-tN="search-facet" > <label class="custom-control-label" for="user-33286"> <span class="custom-control-glyph"></span> Jonathan Protzenko <span>(1)</span> </label> </div> <div class="custom-control custom-checkbox custom-control--depth-0"> <input class="custom-control-input" type="checkbox" name="facet[tax][msr-post-author]" id="user-33333" value="33333" data-bi-id="33333" data-bi-cN="Ram Nagaraja" data-bi-slot="116" data-bi-type="People" data-bi-bhvr="4" data-bi-tN="search-facet" > <label class="custom-control-label" for="user-33333"> <span class="custom-control-glyph"></span> Ram Nagaraja <span>(1)</span> </label> </div> <div class="custom-control custom-checkbox custom-control--depth-0"> <input class="custom-control-input" type="checkbox" name="facet[tax][msr-post-author]" id="user-33361" value="33361" data-bi-id="33361" data-bi-cN="Richard Banks" data-bi-slot="117" data-bi-type="People" data-bi-bhvr="4" data-bi-tN="search-facet" > <label class="custom-control-label" for="user-33361"> <span class="custom-control-glyph"></span> Richard Banks <span>(1)</span> </label> </div> <div class="custom-control custom-checkbox custom-control--depth-0"> <input class="custom-control-input" type="checkbox" name="facet[tax][msr-post-author]" id="user-33392" value="33392" data-bi-id="33392" data-bi-cN="Ricardo Gutierrez" data-bi-slot="118" data-bi-type="People" data-bi-bhvr="4" data-bi-tN="search-facet" > <label class="custom-control-label" for="user-33392"> <span class="custom-control-glyph"></span> Ricardo Gutierrez <span>(1)</span> </label> </div> <div class="custom-control custom-checkbox custom-control--depth-0"> <input class="custom-control-input" type="checkbox" name="facet[tax][msr-post-author]" id="user-33427" value="33427" data-bi-id="33427" data-bi-cN="Robert Gruen" data-bi-slot="119" data-bi-type="People" data-bi-bhvr="4" data-bi-tN="search-facet" > <label class="custom-control-label" for="user-33427"> <span class="custom-control-glyph"></span> Robert Gruen <span>(1)</span> </label> </div> <div class="custom-control custom-checkbox custom-control--depth-0"> <input class="custom-control-input" type="checkbox" name="facet[tax][msr-post-author]" id="user-33481" value="33481" data-bi-id="33481" data-bi-cN="Ryen W. White" data-bi-slot="120" data-bi-type="People" data-bi-bhvr="4" data-bi-tN="search-facet" > <label class="custom-control-label" for="user-33481"> <span class="custom-control-glyph"></span> Ryen W. White <span>(1)</span> </label> </div> <div class="custom-control custom-checkbox custom-control--depth-0"> <input class="custom-control-input" type="checkbox" name="facet[tax][msr-post-author]" id="user-33711" value="33711" data-bi-id="33711" data-bi-cN="Sriram Rajamani" data-bi-slot="121" data-bi-type="People" data-bi-bhvr="4" data-bi-tN="search-facet" > <label class="custom-control-label" for="user-33711"> <span class="custom-control-glyph"></span> Sriram Rajamani <span>(1)</span> </label> </div> <div class="custom-control custom-checkbox custom-control--depth-0"> <input class="custom-control-input" type="checkbox" name="facet[tax][msr-post-author]" id="user-33895" value="33895" data-bi-id="33895" data-bi-cN="Thomas Ball" data-bi-slot="122" data-bi-type="People" data-bi-bhvr="4" data-bi-tN="search-facet" > <label class="custom-control-label" for="user-33895"> <span class="custom-control-glyph"></span> Thomas Ball <span>(1)</span> </label> </div> <div class="custom-control custom-checkbox custom-control--depth-0"> <input class="custom-control-input" type="checkbox" name="facet[tax][msr-post-author]" id="user-34031" value="34031" data-bi-id="34031" data-bi-cN="Thomas Karagiannis" data-bi-slot="123" data-bi-type="People" data-bi-bhvr="4" data-bi-tN="search-facet" > <label class="custom-control-label" for="user-34031"> <span class="custom-control-glyph"></span> Thomas Karagiannis <span>(1)</span> </label> </div> <div class="custom-control custom-checkbox custom-control--depth-0"> <input class="custom-control-input" type="checkbox" name="facet[tax][msr-post-author]" id="user-34038" value="34038" data-bi-id="34038" data-bi-cN="ThuVan Pham" data-bi-slot="124" data-bi-type="People" data-bi-bhvr="4" data-bi-tN="search-facet" > <label class="custom-control-label" for="user-34038"> <span class="custom-control-glyph"></span> ThuVan Pham <span>(1)</span> </label> </div> <div class="custom-control custom-checkbox custom-control--depth-0"> <input class="custom-control-input" type="checkbox" name="facet[tax][msr-post-author]" id="user-34990" value="34990" data-bi-id="34990" data-bi-cN="Sergey Yekhanin" data-bi-slot="125" data-bi-type="People" data-bi-bhvr="4" data-bi-tN="search-facet" > <label class="custom-control-label" for="user-34990"> <span class="custom-control-glyph"></span> Sergey Yekhanin <span>(1)</span> </label> </div> <div class="custom-control custom-checkbox custom-control--depth-0"> <input class="custom-control-input" type="checkbox" name="facet[tax][msr-post-author]" id="user-35356" value="35356" data-bi-id="35356" data-bi-cN="Swami Manohar" data-bi-slot="126" data-bi-type="People" data-bi-bhvr="4" data-bi-tN="search-facet" > <label class="custom-control-label" for="user-35356"> <span class="custom-control-glyph"></span> Swami Manohar <span>(1)</span> </label> </div> <div class="custom-control custom-checkbox custom-control--depth-0"> <input class="custom-control-input" type="checkbox" name="facet[tax][msr-post-author]" id="user-36027" value="36027" data-bi-id="36027" data-bi-cN="Chris Lovett" data-bi-slot="127" data-bi-type="People" data-bi-bhvr="4" data-bi-tN="search-facet" > <label class="custom-control-label" for="user-36027"> <span class="custom-control-glyph"></span> Chris Lovett <span>(1)</span> </label> </div> <div class="custom-control custom-checkbox custom-control--depth-0"> <input class="custom-control-input" type="checkbox" name="facet[tax][msr-post-author]" id="user-36419" value="36419" data-bi-id="36419" data-bi-cN="Gonzalo Ramos" data-bi-slot="128" data-bi-type="People" data-bi-bhvr="4" data-bi-tN="search-facet" > <label class="custom-control-label" for="user-36419"> <span class="custom-control-glyph"></span> Gonzalo Ramos <span>(1)</span> </label> </div> <div class="custom-control custom-checkbox custom-control--depth-0"> <input class="custom-control-input" type="checkbox" name="facet[tax][msr-post-author]" id="user-36530" value="36530" data-bi-id="36530" data-bi-cN="Chieh-Jan Mike Liang" data-bi-slot="129" data-bi-type="People" data-bi-bhvr="4" data-bi-tN="search-facet" > <label class="custom-control-label" for="user-36530"> <span class="custom-control-glyph"></span> Chieh-Jan Mike Liang <span>(1)</span> </label> </div> <div class="custom-control custom-checkbox custom-control--depth-0"> <input class="custom-control-input" type="checkbox" name="facet[tax][msr-post-author]" id="user-36539" value="36539" data-bi-id="36539" data-bi-cN="Nathan Evans" data-bi-slot="130" data-bi-type="People" data-bi-bhvr="4" data-bi-tN="search-facet" > <label class="custom-control-label" for="user-36539"> <span class="custom-control-glyph"></span> Nathan Evans <span>(1)</span> </label> </div> <div class="custom-control custom-checkbox custom-control--depth-0"> <input class="custom-control-input" type="checkbox" name="facet[tax][msr-post-author]" id="user-36557" value="36557" data-bi-id="36557" data-bi-cN="Shikhar Sharma" data-bi-slot="131" data-bi-type="People" data-bi-bhvr="4" data-bi-tN="search-facet" > <label class="custom-control-label" for="user-36557"> <span class="custom-control-glyph"></span> Shikhar Sharma <span>(1)</span> </label> </div> <div class="custom-control custom-checkbox custom-control--depth-0"> <input class="custom-control-input" type="checkbox" name="facet[tax][msr-post-author]" id="user-36999" value="36999" data-bi-id="36999" data-bi-cN="Pat Sweeney" data-bi-slot="132" data-bi-type="People" data-bi-bhvr="4" data-bi-tN="search-facet" > <label class="custom-control-label" for="user-36999"> <span class="custom-control-glyph"></span> Pat Sweeney <span>(1)</span> </label> </div> <div class="custom-control custom-checkbox custom-control--depth-0"> <input class="custom-control-input" type="checkbox" name="facet[tax][msr-post-author]" id="user-37155" value="37155" data-bi-id="37155" data-bi-cN="Matthew Dixon" data-bi-slot="133" data-bi-type="People" data-bi-bhvr="4" data-bi-tN="search-facet" > <label class="custom-control-label" for="user-37155"> <span class="custom-control-glyph"></span> Matthew Dixon <span>(1)</span> </label> </div> <div class="custom-control custom-checkbox custom-control--depth-0"> <input class="custom-control-input" type="checkbox" name="facet[tax][msr-post-author]" id="user-37446" value="37446" data-bi-id="37446" data-bi-cN="Ting Cao" data-bi-slot="134" data-bi-type="People" data-bi-bhvr="4" data-bi-tN="search-facet" > <label class="custom-control-label" for="user-37446"> <span class="custom-control-glyph"></span> Ting Cao <span>(1)</span> </label> </div> <div class="custom-control custom-checkbox custom-control--depth-0"> <input class="custom-control-input" type="checkbox" name="facet[tax][msr-post-author]" id="user-37664" value="37664" data-bi-id="37664" data-bi-cN="Sonia Jaffe" data-bi-slot="135" data-bi-type="People" data-bi-bhvr="4" data-bi-tN="search-facet" > <label class="custom-control-label" for="user-37664"> <span class="custom-control-glyph"></span> Sonia Jaffe <span>(1)</span> </label> </div> <div class="custom-control custom-checkbox custom-control--depth-0"> <input class="custom-control-input" type="checkbox" name="facet[tax][msr-post-author]" id="user-37724" value="37724" data-bi-id="37724" data-bi-cN="Mirco Milletari" data-bi-slot="136" data-bi-type="People" data-bi-bhvr="4" data-bi-tN="search-facet" > <label class="custom-control-label" for="user-37724"> <span class="custom-control-glyph"></span> Mirco Milletari <span>(1)</span> </label> </div> <div class="custom-control custom-checkbox custom-control--depth-0"> <input class="custom-control-input" type="checkbox" name="facet[tax][msr-post-author]" id="user-37833" value="37833" data-bi-id="37833" data-bi-cN="Andromachi Chatzieleftheriou" data-bi-slot="137" data-bi-type="People" data-bi-bhvr="4" data-bi-tN="search-facet" > <label class="custom-control-label" for="user-37833"> <span class="custom-control-glyph"></span> Andromachi Chatzieleftheriou <span>(1)</span> </label> </div> <div class="custom-control custom-checkbox custom-control--depth-0"> <input class="custom-control-input" type="checkbox" name="facet[tax][msr-post-author]" id="user-37923" value="37923" data-bi-id="37923" data-bi-cN="Dr Kiran Muthabatulla" data-bi-slot="138" data-bi-type="People" data-bi-bhvr="4" data-bi-tN="search-facet" > <label class="custom-control-label" for="user-37923"> <span class="custom-control-glyph"></span> Dr Kiran Muthabatulla <span>(1)</span> </label> </div> <div class="custom-control custom-checkbox custom-control--depth-0"> <input class="custom-control-input" type="checkbox" name="facet[tax][msr-post-author]" id="user-37956" value="37956" data-bi-id="37956" data-bi-cN="Tal Zaccai" data-bi-slot="139" data-bi-type="People" data-bi-bhvr="4" data-bi-tN="search-facet" > <label class="custom-control-label" for="user-37956"> <span class="custom-control-glyph"></span> Tal Zaccai <span>(1)</span> </label> </div> <div class="custom-control custom-checkbox custom-control--depth-0"> <input class="custom-control-input" type="checkbox" name="facet[tax][msr-post-author]" id="user-38073" value="38073" data-bi-id="38073" data-bi-cN="Kate Lytvynets" data-bi-slot="140" data-bi-type="People" data-bi-bhvr="4" data-bi-tN="search-facet" > <label class="custom-control-label" for="user-38073"> <span class="custom-control-glyph"></span> Kate Lytvynets <span>(1)</span> </label> </div> <div class="custom-control custom-checkbox custom-control--depth-0"> <input class="custom-control-input" type="checkbox" name="facet[tax][msr-post-author]" id="user-38148" value="38148" data-bi-id="38148" data-bi-cN="Jimmy Hall" data-bi-slot="141" data-bi-type="People" data-bi-bhvr="4" data-bi-tN="search-facet" > <label class="custom-control-label" for="user-38148"> <span class="custom-control-glyph"></span> Jimmy Hall <span>(1)</span> </label> </div> <div class="custom-control custom-checkbox custom-control--depth-0"> <input class="custom-control-input" type="checkbox" name="facet[tax][msr-post-author]" id="user-38233" value="38233" data-bi-id="38233" data-bi-cN="Simon Frost" data-bi-slot="142" data-bi-type="People" data-bi-bhvr="4" data-bi-tN="search-facet" > <label class="custom-control-label" for="user-38233"> <span class="custom-control-glyph"></span> Simon Frost <span>(1)</span> </label> </div> <div class="custom-control custom-checkbox custom-control--depth-0"> <input class="custom-control-input" type="checkbox" name="facet[tax][msr-post-author]" id="user-38464" value="38464" data-bi-id="38464" data-bi-cN="Neil Tenenholtz" data-bi-slot="143" data-bi-type="People" data-bi-bhvr="4" data-bi-tN="search-facet" > <label class="custom-control-label" for="user-38464"> <span class="custom-control-glyph"></span> Neil Tenenholtz <span>(1)</span> </label> </div> <div class="custom-control custom-checkbox custom-control--depth-0"> <input class="custom-control-input" type="checkbox" name="facet[tax][msr-post-author]" id="user-38467" value="38467" data-bi-id="38467" data-bi-cN="Eleanor Dillon" data-bi-slot="144" data-bi-type="People" data-bi-bhvr="4" data-bi-tN="search-facet" > <label class="custom-control-label" for="user-38467"> <span class="custom-control-glyph"></span> Eleanor Dillon <span>(1)</span> </label> </div> <div class="custom-control custom-checkbox custom-control--depth-0"> <input class="custom-control-input" type="checkbox" name="facet[tax][msr-post-author]" id="user-38790" value="38790" data-bi-id="38790" data-bi-cN="Longqi Yang" data-bi-slot="145" data-bi-type="People" data-bi-bhvr="4" data-bi-tN="search-facet" > <label class="custom-control-label" for="user-38790"> <span class="custom-control-glyph"></span> Longqi Yang <span>(1)</span> </label> </div> <div class="custom-control custom-checkbox custom-control--depth-0"> <input class="custom-control-input" type="checkbox" name="facet[tax][msr-post-author]" id="user-38811" value="38811" data-bi-id="38811" data-bi-cN="Li Dong" data-bi-slot="146" data-bi-type="People" data-bi-bhvr="4" data-bi-tN="search-facet" > <label class="custom-control-label" for="user-38811"> <span class="custom-control-glyph"></span> Li Dong <span>(1)</span> </label> </div> <div class="custom-control custom-checkbox custom-control--depth-0"> <input class="custom-control-input" type="checkbox" name="facet[tax][msr-post-author]" id="user-38847" value="38847" data-bi-id="38847" data-bi-cN="Denny Sun" data-bi-slot="147" data-bi-type="People" data-bi-bhvr="4" data-bi-tN="search-facet" > <label class="custom-control-label" for="user-38847"> <span class="custom-control-glyph"></span> Denny Sun <span>(1)</span> </label> </div> <div class="custom-control custom-checkbox custom-control--depth-0"> <input class="custom-control-input" type="checkbox" name="facet[tax][msr-post-author]" id="user-38997" value="38997" data-bi-id="38997" data-bi-cN="Brent Hecht" data-bi-slot="148" data-bi-type="People" data-bi-bhvr="4" data-bi-tN="search-facet" > <label class="custom-control-label" for="user-38997"> <span class="custom-control-glyph"></span> Brent Hecht <span>(1)</span> </label> </div> <div class="custom-control custom-checkbox custom-control--depth-0"> <input class="custom-control-input" type="checkbox" name="facet[tax][msr-post-author]" id="user-39150" value="39150" data-bi-id="39150" data-bi-cN="Mike Walker" data-bi-slot="149" data-bi-type="People" data-bi-bhvr="4" data-bi-tN="search-facet" > <label class="custom-control-label" for="user-39150"> <span class="custom-control-glyph"></span> Mike Walker <span>(1)</span> </label> </div> <div class="custom-control custom-checkbox custom-control--depth-0"> <input class="custom-control-input" type="checkbox" name="facet[tax][msr-post-author]" id="user-39402" value="39402" data-bi-id="39402" data-bi-cN="Dongsheng Li" data-bi-slot="150" data-bi-type="People" data-bi-bhvr="4" data-bi-tN="search-facet" > <label class="custom-control-label" for="user-39402"> <span class="custom-control-glyph"></span> Dongsheng Li <span>(1)</span> </label> </div> <div class="custom-control custom-checkbox custom-control--depth-0"> <input class="custom-control-input" type="checkbox" name="facet[tax][msr-post-author]" id="user-39420" value="39420" data-bi-id="39420" data-bi-cN="Brian Caswell" data-bi-slot="151" data-bi-type="People" data-bi-bhvr="4" data-bi-tN="search-facet" > <label class="custom-control-label" for="user-39420"> <span class="custom-control-glyph"></span> Brian Caswell <span>(1)</span> </label> </div> <div class="custom-control custom-checkbox custom-control--depth-0"> <input class="custom-control-input" type="checkbox" name="facet[tax][msr-post-author]" id="user-39582" value="39582" data-bi-id="39582" data-bi-cN="Bill Weeks" data-bi-slot="152" data-bi-type="People" data-bi-bhvr="4" data-bi-tN="search-facet" > <label class="custom-control-label" for="user-39582"> <span class="custom-control-glyph"></span> Bill Weeks <span>(1)</span> </label> </div> <div class="custom-control custom-checkbox custom-control--depth-0"> <input class="custom-control-input" type="checkbox" name="facet[tax][msr-post-author]" id="user-39633" value="39633" data-bi-id="39633" data-bi-cN="Qianqian Qi" data-bi-slot="153" data-bi-type="People" data-bi-bhvr="4" data-bi-tN="search-facet" > <label class="custom-control-label" for="user-39633"> <span class="custom-control-glyph"></span> Qianqian Qi <span>(1)</span> </label> </div> <div class="custom-control custom-checkbox custom-control--depth-0"> <input class="custom-control-input" type="checkbox" name="facet[tax][msr-post-author]" id="user-39651" value="39651" data-bi-id="39651" data-bi-cN="Yoganand Rajasekaran" data-bi-slot="154" data-bi-type="People" data-bi-bhvr="4" data-bi-tN="search-facet" > <label class="custom-control-label" for="user-39651"> <span class="custom-control-glyph"></span> Yoganand Rajasekaran <span>(1)</span> </label> </div> <div class="custom-control custom-checkbox custom-control--depth-0"> <input class="custom-control-input" type="checkbox" name="facet[tax][msr-post-author]" id="user-39775" value="39775" data-bi-id="39775" data-bi-cN="Yixi Xu" data-bi-slot="155" data-bi-type="People" data-bi-bhvr="4" data-bi-tN="search-facet" > <label class="custom-control-label" for="user-39775"> <span class="custom-control-glyph"></span> Yixi Xu <span>(1)</span> </label> </div> <div class="custom-control custom-checkbox custom-control--depth-0"> <input class="custom-control-input" type="checkbox" name="facet[tax][msr-post-author]" id="user-39805" value="39805" data-bi-id="39805" data-bi-cN="Weishung Liu" data-bi-slot="156" data-bi-type="People" data-bi-bhvr="4" data-bi-tN="search-facet" > <label class="custom-control-label" for="user-39805"> <span class="custom-control-glyph"></span> Weishung Liu <span>(1)</span> </label> </div> <div class="custom-control custom-checkbox custom-control--depth-0"> <input class="custom-control-input" type="checkbox" name="facet[tax][msr-post-author]" id="user-39886" value="39886" data-bi-id="39886" data-bi-cN="Shufang Xie" data-bi-slot="157" data-bi-type="People" data-bi-bhvr="4" data-bi-tN="search-facet" > <label class="custom-control-label" for="user-39886"> <span class="custom-control-glyph"></span> Shufang Xie <span>(1)</span> </label> </div> <div class="custom-control custom-checkbox custom-control--depth-0"> <input class="custom-control-input" type="checkbox" name="facet[tax][msr-post-author]" id="user-40210" value="40210" data-bi-id="40210" data-bi-cN="Tusher Chakraborty" data-bi-slot="158" data-bi-type="People" data-bi-bhvr="4" data-bi-tN="search-facet" > <label class="custom-control-label" for="user-40210"> <span class="custom-control-glyph"></span> Tusher Chakraborty <span>(1)</span> </label> </div> <div class="custom-control custom-checkbox custom-control--depth-0"> <input class="custom-control-input" type="checkbox" name="facet[tax][msr-post-author]" id="user-40234" value="40234" data-bi-id="40234" data-bi-cN="Jose Carranza-Rojas" data-bi-slot="159" data-bi-type="People" data-bi-bhvr="4" data-bi-tN="search-facet" > <label class="custom-control-label" for="user-40234"> <span class="custom-control-glyph"></span> Jose Carranza-Rojas <span>(1)</span> </label> </div> <div class="custom-control custom-checkbox custom-control--depth-0"> <input class="custom-control-input" type="checkbox" name="facet[tax][msr-post-author]" id="user-40240" value="40240" data-bi-id="40240" data-bi-cN="Philipp Witte" data-bi-slot="160" data-bi-type="People" data-bi-bhvr="4" data-bi-tN="search-facet" > <label class="custom-control-label" for="user-40240"> <span class="custom-control-glyph"></span> Philipp Witte <span>(1)</span> </label> </div> <div class="custom-control custom-checkbox custom-control--depth-0"> <input class="custom-control-input" type="checkbox" name="facet[tax][msr-post-author]" id="user-40300" value="40300" data-bi-id="40300" data-bi-cN="Marwin Segler" data-bi-slot="161" data-bi-type="People" data-bi-bhvr="4" data-bi-tN="search-facet" > <label class="custom-control-label" for="user-40300"> <span class="custom-control-glyph"></span> Marwin Segler <span>(1)</span> </label> </div> <div class="custom-control custom-checkbox custom-control--depth-0"> <input class="custom-control-input" type="checkbox" name="facet[tax][msr-post-author]" id="user-40342" value="40342" data-bi-id="40342" data-bi-cN="Iker Llorens" data-bi-slot="162" data-bi-type="People" data-bi-bhvr="4" data-bi-tN="search-facet" > <label class="custom-control-label" for="user-40342"> <span class="custom-control-glyph"></span> Iker Llorens <span>(1)</span> </label> </div> <div class="custom-control custom-checkbox custom-control--depth-0"> <input class="custom-control-input" type="checkbox" name="facet[tax][msr-post-author]" id="user-40405" value="40405" data-bi-id="40405" data-bi-cN="Yu Shi" data-bi-slot="163" data-bi-type="People" data-bi-bhvr="4" data-bi-tN="search-facet" > <label class="custom-control-label" for="user-40405"> <span class="custom-control-glyph"></span> Yu Shi <span>(1)</span> </label> </div> <div class="custom-control custom-checkbox custom-control--depth-0"> <input class="custom-control-input" type="checkbox" name="facet[tax][msr-post-author]" id="user-40414" value="40414" data-bi-id="40414" data-bi-cN="Luis França" data-bi-slot="164" data-bi-type="People" data-bi-bhvr="4" data-bi-tN="search-facet" > <label class="custom-control-label" for="user-40414"> <span class="custom-control-glyph"></span> Luis França <span>(1)</span> </label> </div> <div class="custom-control custom-checkbox custom-control--depth-0"> <input class="custom-control-input" type="checkbox" name="facet[tax][msr-post-author]" id="user-40435" value="40435" data-bi-id="40435" data-bi-cN="Gabriela Martinez Sanchez" data-bi-slot="165" data-bi-type="People" data-bi-bhvr="4" data-bi-tN="search-facet" > <label class="custom-control-label" for="user-40435"> <span class="custom-control-glyph"></span> Gabriela Martinez Sanchez <span>(1)</span> </label> </div> <div class="custom-control custom-checkbox custom-control--depth-0"> <input class="custom-control-input" type="checkbox" name="facet[tax][msr-post-author]" id="user-40474" value="40474" data-bi-id="40474" data-bi-cN="Mayana Pereira" data-bi-slot="166" data-bi-type="People" data-bi-bhvr="4" data-bi-tN="search-facet" > <label class="custom-control-label" for="user-40474"> <span class="custom-control-glyph"></span> Mayana Pereira <span>(1)</span> </label> </div> <div class="custom-control custom-checkbox custom-control--depth-0"> <input class="custom-control-input" type="checkbox" name="facet[tax][msr-post-author]" id="user-40585" value="40585" data-bi-id="40585" data-bi-cN="Vanessa Rodrigues" data-bi-slot="167" data-bi-type="People" data-bi-bhvr="4" data-bi-tN="search-facet" > <label class="custom-control-label" for="user-40585"> <span class="custom-control-glyph"></span> Vanessa Rodrigues 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class="col col-12 col-md-8"> <div class="card-body"> <span id="1103874-asset-type-label" class="card__label d-block pb-2 text-neutral-300 font-weight-semibold text-uppercase small"> Podcast </span> <h3 class="card__heading h3 m-0 pb-2" aria-describedby="1103874-asset-type-label"> <a class="text-decoration-none" data-bi-cN="Ideas: The journey to DNA data storage" data-bi-id="1103874" data-bi-type="blog-post" data-bi-tN="search-result-card" href="https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/research/podcast/ideas-the-journey-to-dna-data-storage/"> <span>Ideas: The journey to DNA data storage</span> <span class="glyph-prepend glyph-prepend-small glyph-prepend-chevron-right" aria-hidden="true"></span> </a> </h3> <div class="card__meta"> <p class="m-0 pb-2"> November 19, 2024 </p> </div> <p>Research manager Karin Strauss and members of the DNA Data Storage Project reflect on the path to developing a synthetic DNA–based system for archival data storage, including the recent open-source release of its most powerful…</p> </div> </div> <div class="card__thumbnail col col-12 col-md-4 pt-3 pt-md-0"> <a class="d-block" href="https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/research/podcast/ideas-the-journey-to-dna-data-storage/" aria-label="Thumbnail for post: "Ideas: The journey to DNA data storage""> <img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="390" height="219" src="https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/research/uploads/prod/2024/11/Karin-Jake-Bichlien-Sergey_Ideas_Hero_Feature_No_Text_1400x788.jpg" class="mw-100 wp-post-image" alt="Outlined illustrations of Karin Strauss, Jake Smith, Bichlien Nguyen, and Sergey Yekhanin for the Microsoft Research Podcast, Ideas series." srcset="https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/research/uploads/prod/2024/11/Karin-Jake-Bichlien-Sergey_Ideas_Hero_Feature_No_Text_1400x788.jpg 1401w, https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/research/uploads/prod/2024/11/Karin-Jake-Bichlien-Sergey_Ideas_Hero_Feature_No_Text_1400x788-300x169.jpg 300w, https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/research/uploads/prod/2024/11/Karin-Jake-Bichlien-Sergey_Ideas_Hero_Feature_No_Text_1400x788-1024x576.jpg 1024w, https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/research/uploads/prod/2024/11/Karin-Jake-Bichlien-Sergey_Ideas_Hero_Feature_No_Text_1400x788-768x432.jpg 768w, https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/research/uploads/prod/2024/11/Karin-Jake-Bichlien-Sergey_Ideas_Hero_Feature_No_Text_1400x788-1066x600.jpg 1066w, https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/research/uploads/prod/2024/11/Karin-Jake-Bichlien-Sergey_Ideas_Hero_Feature_No_Text_1400x788-655x368.jpg 655w, https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/research/uploads/prod/2024/11/Karin-Jake-Bichlien-Sergey_Ideas_Hero_Feature_No_Text_1400x788-240x135.jpg 240w, https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/research/uploads/prod/2024/11/Karin-Jake-Bichlien-Sergey_Ideas_Hero_Feature_No_Text_1400x788-640x360.jpg 640w, https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/research/uploads/prod/2024/11/Karin-Jake-Bichlien-Sergey_Ideas_Hero_Feature_No_Text_1400x788-960x540.jpg 960w, https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/research/uploads/prod/2024/11/Karin-Jake-Bichlien-Sergey_Ideas_Hero_Feature_No_Text_1400x788-1280x720.jpg 1280w" sizes="(max-width: 390px) 100vw, 390px" /> </a> </div> </div> </article> </div> <div class="border-top py-4"> <article class="card card--job-opportunity"> <div class="row"> <div class="col col-12"> <div class="card-body"> <span id="1102872-asset-type-label" class="card__label d-block pb-2 text-neutral-300 font-weight-semibold text-uppercase small"> Career Opportunity </span> <h3 class="card__heading h3 m-0 pb-2" aria-describedby="1102872-asset-type-label"> <a class="text-decoration-none" data-bi-cN="Cloud Supply Chain Sustainability Impact Manager - Cloud Supply Chain & Provisioning (CSCP)" data-bi-id="1102872" data-bi-type="job-opportunity" data-bi-tN="search-result-card" href="https://jobs.careers.microsoft.com/global/en/job/1782284/Cloud-Supply-Chain-Sustainability-Impact-Manager"> <span>Cloud Supply Chain Sustainability Impact Manager – Cloud Supply Chain & Provisioning (CSCP)</span> <span class="glyph-prepend glyph-prepend-small glyph-prepend-chevron-right" aria-hidden="true"></span> </a> </h3> <div class="card__meta"> <p class="m-0 pb-2"> <span>Posted</span>: November 13, 2024 <div class="card__locations"> <span>Location</span>: Austin, TX, US; Redmond, WA, US </div> <div class="card__research-area"> <span>Research Area(s)</span>: Artificial intelligence, Ecology and environment, Economics, Systems and networking </div> </p> </div> <p>Microsoft’s Cloud Supply Chain & Provisioning (CSCP) business unit is looking for an experienced Cloud Supply Chain Sustainability Impact Manager to join our team. This role will play a critical role in this transformation, helping evolve and implement…</p> </div> </div> </div> </article> </div> <div class="border-top py-4"> <article class="card card--video"> <div class="row"> <div class="col col-12 col-md-8"> <div class="card-body"> <span id="1102620-asset-type-label" class="card__label d-block pb-2 text-neutral-300 font-weight-semibold text-uppercase small"> Video </span> <h3 class="card__heading h3 m-0 pb-2" aria-describedby="1102620-asset-type-label"> <a class="text-decoration-none" data-bi-cN="Low latency carbon budget 2023" data-bi-id="1102620" data-bi-type="video" data-bi-tN="search-result-card" href="https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/research/video/low-latency-carbon-budget-2023/"> <span>Low latency carbon budget 2023</span> <span class="glyph-prepend glyph-prepend-small glyph-prepend-chevron-right" aria-hidden="true"></span> </a> </h3> <div class="card__meta"> <p class="m-0 pb-2"> November 11, 2024 <span> | </span> <span class="card__byline"> <a href="https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/research/people/jiabia/">Jiang Bian</a>, <a href="https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/research/people/xiaofangui/">Xiaofan Gui</a> </span> </p> </div> <p>In 2023, global land carbon sinks—the Earth’s forests, soils, and vegetation that absorb CO2—experienced a dramatic decline, as revealed by a study published in National Science Review by several international research teams. Using dynamic global…</p> </div> </div> <div class="card__thumbnail col col-12 col-md-4 pt-3 pt-md-0"> <div class="embed-responsive embed-responsive-16by9 bg-black"> <a class="embed-responsive-item" href="https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/research/video/low-latency-carbon-budget-2023/" aria-label="Watch the video for: "Low latency carbon budget 2023""> <img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="576" src="https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/research/uploads/prod/2024/11/GcAqDBNhYb8-1024x576.jpg" class="embed-responsive-item img-object-contain wp-post-image" alt="" srcset="https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/research/uploads/prod/2024/11/GcAqDBNhYb8-1024x576.jpg 1024w, https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/research/uploads/prod/2024/11/GcAqDBNhYb8-300x169.jpg 300w, https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/research/uploads/prod/2024/11/GcAqDBNhYb8-768x432.jpg 768w, https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/research/uploads/prod/2024/11/GcAqDBNhYb8-1066x600.jpg 1066w, https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/research/uploads/prod/2024/11/GcAqDBNhYb8-655x368.jpg 655w, https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/research/uploads/prod/2024/11/GcAqDBNhYb8-240x135.jpg 240w, https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/research/uploads/prod/2024/11/GcAqDBNhYb8-640x360.jpg 640w, https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/research/uploads/prod/2024/11/GcAqDBNhYb8-960x540.jpg 960w, https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/research/uploads/prod/2024/11/GcAqDBNhYb8.jpg 1280w" sizes="(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /> <span class="d-flex align-items-center m-2 px-2 position-absolute bottom-0 right-0 bg-black"> <span class="pt-1 glyph-prepend glyph-prepend-video"></span> <span class="pl-1">02:27</span> </span> </a> </div> </div> </div> </article> </div> <div class="border-top py-4"> <article class="card card--post"> <div class="row"> <div class="col col-12 col-md-8"> <div class="card-body"> <span id="1096692-asset-type-label" class="card__label d-block pb-2 text-neutral-300 font-weight-semibold text-uppercase small"> Podcast </span> <h3 class="card__heading h3 m-0 pb-2" aria-describedby="1096692-asset-type-label"> <a class="text-decoration-none" data-bi-cN="Intern Insights: Vaishnavi Ranganathan with Angela Busheska" data-bi-id="1096692" data-bi-type="blog-post" data-bi-tN="search-result-card" href="https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/research/podcast/intern-insights-vaishnavi-ranganathan-with-angela-busheska/"> <span>Intern Insights: Vaishnavi Ranganathan with Angela Busheska</span> <span class="glyph-prepend glyph-prepend-small glyph-prepend-chevron-right" aria-hidden="true"></span> </a> </h3> <div class="card__meta"> <p class="m-0 pb-2"> October 24, 2024 </p> </div> <p>Undergrad Angela Busheska has a passion for sustainability. She talks with researcher Vaishnavi Ranganathan about the why behind her drive, the work she did at Microsoft on a platform for tracking land use, and her…</p> </div> </div> <div class="card__thumbnail col col-12 col-md-4 pt-3 pt-md-0"> <a class="d-block" href="https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/research/podcast/intern-insights-vaishnavi-ranganathan-with-angela-busheska/" aria-label="Thumbnail for post: "Intern Insights: Vaishnavi Ranganathan with Angela Busheska""> <img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="390" height="219" src="https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/research/uploads/prod/2024/10/Angela-and-Vaishnavi_Intern_Insights_Hero_Feature_No_Text_1400x788-1.jpg" class="mw-100 wp-post-image" alt="Outline illustrations of Angela Busheska, an undergraduate engineering student at Lafayette College and Vaishnavi Ranganathan, a Senior Researcher at Microsoft." srcset="https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/research/uploads/prod/2024/10/Angela-and-Vaishnavi_Intern_Insights_Hero_Feature_No_Text_1400x788-1.jpg 1401w, https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/research/uploads/prod/2024/10/Angela-and-Vaishnavi_Intern_Insights_Hero_Feature_No_Text_1400x788-1-300x169.jpg 300w, https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/research/uploads/prod/2024/10/Angela-and-Vaishnavi_Intern_Insights_Hero_Feature_No_Text_1400x788-1-1024x576.jpg 1024w, https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/research/uploads/prod/2024/10/Angela-and-Vaishnavi_Intern_Insights_Hero_Feature_No_Text_1400x788-1-768x432.jpg 768w, https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/research/uploads/prod/2024/10/Angela-and-Vaishnavi_Intern_Insights_Hero_Feature_No_Text_1400x788-1-1066x600.jpg 1066w, https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/research/uploads/prod/2024/10/Angela-and-Vaishnavi_Intern_Insights_Hero_Feature_No_Text_1400x788-1-655x368.jpg 655w, https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/research/uploads/prod/2024/10/Angela-and-Vaishnavi_Intern_Insights_Hero_Feature_No_Text_1400x788-1-240x135.jpg 240w, https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/research/uploads/prod/2024/10/Angela-and-Vaishnavi_Intern_Insights_Hero_Feature_No_Text_1400x788-1-640x360.jpg 640w, https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/research/uploads/prod/2024/10/Angela-and-Vaishnavi_Intern_Insights_Hero_Feature_No_Text_1400x788-1-960x540.jpg 960w, https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/research/uploads/prod/2024/10/Angela-and-Vaishnavi_Intern_Insights_Hero_Feature_No_Text_1400x788-1-1280x720.jpg 1280w" sizes="(max-width: 390px) 100vw, 390px" /> </a> </div> </div> </article> </div> <div class="border-top py-4"> <article class="card card--download"> <div class="row"> <div class="col"> <div class="card-body"> <span id="1097178-asset-type-label" class="card__label d-block pb-2 text-neutral-300 font-weight-semibold text-uppercase small"> Dataset Source Code </span> <h3 class="card__heading h3 m-0 pb-2" aria-describedby="1097178-asset-type-label"> <a class="text-decoration-none" data-bi-cN="TerraTrace: Spatio-Temporal Signatures for Land Use Analytics" data-bi-id="1097178" data-bi-type="download" data-bi-tN="search-result-card" href="https://github.com/Angelaangie-ai/terra_trace/tree/main"> <span>TerraTrace: Spatio-Temporal Signatures for Land Use Analytics</span> <span class="glyph-prepend glyph-prepend-small glyph-prepend-chevron-right" aria-hidden="true"></span> </a> </h3> <p>Understanding land use over time is critical to tracking events related to climate change, like deforestation. However, satellite-based remote sensing tools which are used for monitoring struggle to differentiate vegetation types in farms and orchards…</p> <p class="base m-0 content-excerpt__links py-2" data-bi-aN="quick-links"> <a href="https://github.com/Angelaangie-ai/terra_trace/tree/main" class="font-weight-semibold text-decoration-none glyph-append glyph-append-xsmall glyph-append-chevron-right mr-3" data-bi-cN="TerraTrace: Spatio-Temporal Signatures for Land Use Analytics" data-bi-id="1097178" data-bi-type="download" data-bi-tN="search-result-card-download-glyph"> <span class="icon icon-github medium position-relative mr-1 top-2" aria-hidden="true"></span> <span class="">GitHub</span> </a> <a href="https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/research/project/foodvibes/" class="quick-link__project glyph-append glyph-append-xsmall glyph-append-chevron-right font-weight-semibold text-decoration-none mr-3" aria-label="Associated project: Project FoodVibes" title="Project FoodVibes" data-bi-type="project" data-bi-cN="Project FoodVibes" data-bi-id="924828"> <span class="icon medium icon-project position-relative mr-1 top-2"></span> <span class="quick-link__text">Project</span> </a> <a href="https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/research/project/project-farmvibes/" class="quick-link__project glyph-append glyph-append-xsmall glyph-append-chevron-right font-weight-semibold text-decoration-none mr-3" aria-label="Associated project: Project FarmVibes" title="Project FarmVibes" data-bi-type="project" data-bi-cN="Project FarmVibes" data-bi-id="881235"> <span class="icon medium icon-project position-relative mr-1 top-2"></span> <span class="quick-link__text">Project</span> </a> </p> </div> </div> </div> </article> </div> <div class="border-top py-4"> <article class="card card--project"> <div class="row"> <div class="col col-12"> <div class="card-body"> <span id="1089702-asset-type-label" class="card__label d-block pb-2 text-neutral-300 font-weight-semibold text-uppercase small"> Project </span> <h3 class="card__heading h3 m-0 pb-2" aria-describedby="1089702-asset-type-label"> <a class="text-decoration-none" data-bi-cN="Project Egypt" data-bi-id="1089702" data-bi-type="project" data-bi-tN="search-result-card" href="https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/research/project/project-egypt/"> <span>Project Egypt</span> <span class="glyph-prepend glyph-prepend-small glyph-prepend-chevron-right" aria-hidden="true"></span> </a> </h3> <p>Technology to enable widespread availability of greenhouse gas data and insights Greenhouse gas (GHG) concentrations have continued to grow, fueling the climate crisis. Yet, measuring GHG emissions efficiently and at scale remains surprisingly elusive due…</p> </div> </div> </div> </article> </div> <div class="border-top py-4"> <article class="card card--job-opportunity"> <div class="row"> <div class="col col-12"> <div class="card-body"> <span id="1093413-asset-type-label" class="card__label d-block pb-2 text-neutral-300 font-weight-semibold text-uppercase small"> Career Opportunity </span> <h3 class="card__heading h3 m-0 pb-2" aria-describedby="1093413-asset-type-label"> <a class="text-decoration-none" data-bi-cN="Data Scientist: Energy System Modeler - PhD - Redmond" data-bi-id="1093413" data-bi-type="job-opportunity" data-bi-tN="search-result-card" href="https://jobs.careers.microsoft.com/global/en/job/1776485/Data-Scientist%3a-Energy-System-Modeler---PhD---Redmond"> <span>Data Scientist: Energy System Modeler – PhD – Redmond</span> <span class="glyph-prepend glyph-prepend-small glyph-prepend-chevron-right" aria-hidden="true"></span> </a> </h3> <div class="card__meta"> <p class="m-0 pb-2"> <span>Posted</span>: October 11, 2024 <div class="card__locations"> <span>Location</span>: Redmond, WA, US </div> <div class="card__research-area"> <span>Research Area(s)</span>: Artificial intelligence, Data platforms and analytics, Ecology and environment, Technology for emerging markets </div> </p> </div> <p>The Energy System Modeler on the Microsoft Datacenter Energy Strategy Team will be responsible for conducting and managing electricity grid studies and analyses to ensure energy infrastructure investment, development, and reliability to support the global…</p> </div> </div> </div> </article> </div> <div class="border-top py-4"> <article class="card card--publication"> <div class="row"> <div class="col col-12"> <div class="card-body"> <span id="1095591-asset-type-label" class="card__label d-block pb-2 text-neutral-300 font-weight-semibold text-uppercase small"> Publication </span> <h3 class="card__heading h3 m-0 pb-2" aria-describedby="1095591-asset-type-label"> <a class="text-decoration-none" data-bi-cN="AI-powered Microgrids Facilitate Energy Resilience and Equity in Regional Communities" data-bi-id="1095591" data-bi-type="publication" data-bi-tN="search-result-card" href="https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/research/publication/ai-powered-microgrids-facilitate-energy-resilience-and-equitability-in-regional-communities/"> <span>AI-powered Microgrids Facilitate Energy Resilience and Equity in Regional Communities</span> <span class="glyph-prepend glyph-prepend-small glyph-prepend-chevron-right" aria-hidden="true"></span> </a> </h3> <div class="card__meta pb-2"> <p class="base m-0 content-excerpt__people"> <a href="https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/research/people/pekumar/" aria-label="Visit the profile page for Peeyush Kumar">Peeyush Kumar</a> </p> <p class="base m-0 content-excerpt__journal-and-issue"> MSR-TR-2024-44 | October 2024 </p> <p class="base m-0 content-excerpt__published"> Published by Microsoft </p> </div> </div> </div> </div> </article> </div> <div class="border-top py-4"> <article class="card card--video"> <div class="row"> <div class="col col-12 col-md-8"> <div class="card-body"> <span id="1080705-asset-type-label" class="card__label d-block pb-2 text-neutral-300 font-weight-semibold text-uppercase small"> Video </span> <h3 class="card__heading h3 m-0 pb-2" aria-describedby="1080705-asset-type-label"> <a class="text-decoration-none" data-bi-cN="Project Aurora: The first large-scale foundation model of the atmosphere" data-bi-id="1080705" data-bi-type="video" data-bi-tN="search-result-card" href="https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/research/video/project-aurora-the-first-large-scale-foundation-model-of-the-atmosphere/"> <span>Project Aurora: The first large-scale foundation model of the atmosphere</span> <span class="glyph-prepend glyph-prepend-small glyph-prepend-chevron-right" aria-hidden="true"></span> </a> </h3> <div class="card__meta"> <p class="m-0 pb-2"> September 3, 2024 <span> | </span> <span class="card__byline"> <a href="https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/research/people/meganstanley/">Megan Stanley</a> </span> </p> </div> <p>Megan Stanley, Senior Researcher, Microsoft Research AI for Science, talks about Aurora, a cutting-edge foundation model that offers a new approach to weather forecasting that could transform our ability to predict and mitigate the impacts…</p> </div> </div> <div class="card__thumbnail col col-12 col-md-4 pt-3 pt-md-0"> <div class="embed-responsive embed-responsive-16by9 bg-black"> <a class="embed-responsive-item" href="https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/research/video/project-aurora-the-first-large-scale-foundation-model-of-the-atmosphere/" aria-label="Watch the video for: "Project Aurora: The first large-scale foundation model of the atmosphere""> <img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="576" src="https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/research/uploads/prod/2024/08/Zi4u-JWpY5w-1024x576.jpg" class="embed-responsive-item img-object-contain wp-post-image" alt="a woman standing in front of a laptop" srcset="https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/research/uploads/prod/2024/08/Zi4u-JWpY5w-1024x576.jpg 1024w, https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/research/uploads/prod/2024/08/Zi4u-JWpY5w-300x169.jpg 300w, https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/research/uploads/prod/2024/08/Zi4u-JWpY5w-768x432.jpg 768w, https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/research/uploads/prod/2024/08/Zi4u-JWpY5w-1066x600.jpg 1066w, https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/research/uploads/prod/2024/08/Zi4u-JWpY5w-655x368.jpg 655w, https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/research/uploads/prod/2024/08/Zi4u-JWpY5w-240x135.jpg 240w, https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/research/uploads/prod/2024/08/Zi4u-JWpY5w-640x360.jpg 640w, https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/research/uploads/prod/2024/08/Zi4u-JWpY5w-960x540.jpg 960w, https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/research/uploads/prod/2024/08/Zi4u-JWpY5w.jpg 1280w" sizes="(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /> <span class="d-flex align-items-center m-2 px-2 position-absolute bottom-0 right-0 bg-black"> <span class="pt-1 glyph-prepend glyph-prepend-video"></span> <span class="pl-1">06:36</span> </span> </a> </div> </div> </div> </article> </div> <div class="border-top py-4"> <article class="card card--publication"> <div class="row"> <div class="col col-12"> <div class="card-body"> <span id="1090482-asset-type-label" class="card__label d-block pb-2 text-neutral-300 font-weight-semibold text-uppercase small"> Publication </span> <h3 class="card__heading h3 m-0 pb-2" aria-describedby="1090482-asset-type-label"> <a class="text-decoration-none" data-bi-cN="Fields of The World: A Machine Learning Benchmark Dataset For Global Agricultural Field Boundary Segmentation" data-bi-id="1090482" data-bi-type="publication" data-bi-tN="search-result-card" href="https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/research/publication/fields-of-the-world-a-machine-learning-benchmark-dataset-for-global-agricultural-field-boundary-segmentation/"> <span>Fields of The World: A Machine Learning Benchmark Dataset For Global Agricultural Field Boundary Segmentation</span> <span class="glyph-prepend glyph-prepend-small glyph-prepend-chevron-right" aria-hidden="true"></span> </a> </h3> <div class="card__meta pb-2"> <p class="base m-0 content-excerpt__people"> Hannah Kerner, Snehal Chaudhari, Aninda Ghosh, <a href="https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/research/people/davrob/" aria-label="Visit the profile page for Caleb Robinson">Caleb Robinson</a>, Adeel Ahmad, Eddie Choi, Nathan Jacobs, Chris Holmes, Matthias Mohr, <a href="https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/research/people/radodhia/" aria-label="Visit the profile page for Rahul Dodhia">Rahul Dodhia</a>, <a href="https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/research/people/jlavista/" aria-label="Visit the profile page for Juan M. Lavista Ferres">Juan M. 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In the Microsoft Research Podcast series <em>Ideas<\/em>, members of the research community at Microsoft discuss the beliefs that animate their research, the experiences and thinkers that inform it, and the positive human impact it targets.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Accommodating the increasing amounts of digital data the world is producing requires out-of-the-box thinking. In this episode, guest host <a href=\"https:\/\/www.microsoft.com\/en-us\/research\/people\/kstrauss\/?msockid=35739e94ab6c69d41b738b93aa076831\">Karin Strauss<\/a>, an innovation strategist and senior principal research manager at Microsoft, brings together members of her team to explore a more sustainable, more cost-effective alternative for archival data storage: synthetic DNA. Strauss, Principal Researcher <a href=\"https:\/\/www.microsoft.com\/en-us\/research\/people\/bnguy\/?msockid=35739e94ab6c69d41b738b93aa076831\">Bichlien Nguyen<\/a>, Senior Researcher <a href=\"https:\/\/www.microsoft.com\/en-us\/research\/people\/jakesmith\/?msockid=35739e94ab6c69d41b738b93aa076831\">Jake Smith<\/a>, and Partner Research Manager <a href=\"https:\/\/www.microsoft.com\/en-us\/research\/people\/yekhanin\/?msockid=35739e94ab6c69d41b738b93aa076831\">Sergey Yekhanin<\/a> discuss how Microsoft Research\u2019s contributions have helped bring \u201cscience fiction,\u201d as Strauss describes it, closer to reality, including its role in establishing the DNA Data Storage Alliance to foster collaboration in developing the technology and to establish specifications for interoperability. They also talk about the scope of collaboration with other fields, such as the life sciences and electrical and mechanical engineering, and the coding theory behind the project, including the group\u2019s most powerful algorithm for DNA error correction, Trellis BMA, which is now open source. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-buttons\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-button is-style-fill-github\"><a class=\"wp-block-button__link wp-element-button\" href=\"https:\/\/github.com\/microsoft\/TrellisBMA\">Get the Trellis BMA code<\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group msr-pattern-link-list\">\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading h5\" id=\"learn-more-1\">Learn more:<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list list-unstyled\">\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.microsoft.com\/en-us\/research\/publication\/trellis-bma-coded-trace-reconstruction-on-ids-channels-for-dna-storage\/\">Trellis BMA: coded trace reconstruction on IDS channels for DNA storage<br><\/a>Publication, July 2021<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.microsoft.com\/en-us\/research\/publication\/evaluating-the-risk-of-data-loss-due-to-particle-radiation-damage-in-a-dna-data-storage-system\/\">Evaluating the risk of data loss due to particle radiation damage in a DNA data storage system | Nature Communications<br><\/a>Publication, September 2024<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/dnastoragealliance.org\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">DNA Data Storage Alliance<\/a><br>Alliance homepage<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.microsoft.com\/en-us\/research\/publication\/architecting-datacenters-for-sustainability-greener-data-storage-using-synthetic-dna\/\">Architecting Datacenters for Sustainability: Greener Data Storage using Synthetic DNA<\/a><br>Publication, September 2021<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.microsoft.com\/en-us\/research\/video\/microsoft-and-uw-demonstrate-first-fully-automated-dna-data-storage\/\">Microsoft and UW demonstrate first fully automated DNA data storage<\/a><br>Video, March 2019<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.microsoft.com\/en-us\/research\/podcast\/storing-digital-data-in-synthetic-dna-with-dr-karin-strauss\/\">Storing digital data in synthetic DNA with Dr. Karin Strauss<\/a><br>Microsoft Research Podcast, October 2018<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=mILu11yqtG8\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Microsoft and University of Washington DNA Storage Research Project<\/a><br>Video, July 2016<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"transcript-1\">Transcript<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>[TEASER]<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>[MUSIC PLAYS UNDER DIALOGUE]<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>JAKE SMITH: <\/strong>This really starts from the fundamental data production\u2013data storage gap, where we produce way more data nowadays than we could ever have imagined years ago. And it's more than we can practically store in magnetic media. And so we really need a denser medium on the other side to contain that. DNA is extremely dense. It holds far, far more information per unit volume, per unit mass than any storage media that we have available today. This, along with the fact that DNA is itself a relatively rugged molecule\u2014it lives in our body; it lives outside our body for thousands and thousands of years if we, you know, leave it alone to do its thing\u2014makes it a very attractive media. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>BICHLIEN NGUYEN:<\/strong> It's such a futuristic technology, right? When you begin to work on the tech, you realize how many disciplines and domains you actually have to reach in and leverage. It's really interesting, this multidisciplinarity, because we're, in a way, bridging software with wetware with hardware. And so you, kind of, need <em>all<\/em> the different disciplines to actually get you to where you need to go. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>SERGEY YEKHANIN:<\/strong> We all work for Microsoft; we are all Microsoft researchers. Microsoft isn\u2019t a startup. But that team, the team that drove the DNA Data Storage Project, it did feel like a startup, and it was something unusual and exciting for me.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>SERIES INTRO: <\/strong>You\u2019re listening to <em>Ideas<\/em>, a Microsoft Research Podcast that dives deep into the world of technology research and the profound questions behind the code. In this series, we\u2019ll explore the technologies that are shaping our future and the big ideas that propel them forward.<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n<p>[MUSIC FADES]<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>GUEST HOST KARIN STRAUSS:<\/strong> I'm your guest host Karin Strauss, a senior principal research manager at Microsoft. For nearly a decade, my colleagues and I\u2014along with a fantastic and talented group of collaborators from academia and industry\u2014have been working together to help close the data creation\u2013data storage gap. We're producing far more digital information than we can possibly store. One solution we've explored uses synthetic DNA as a medium, and over the years, we've contributed to steady and promising progress in the area. We've helped push the boundaries of how much DNA writer can simultaneously store, shown that full automation is possible, and helped create an ecosystem for the commercial success of DNA data storage. And just this week, we've made one of our most advanced tools for encoding and decoding data in DNA open source. Joining me today to discuss the state of DNA data storage and some of our contributions are several members of the DNA Data Storage Project at Microsoft Research: Principal Researcher Bichlien Nguyen, Senior Researcher Jake Smith, and Partner Research Manager Sergey Yekhanin. Bichlien, Jake, and Sergey, welcome to the podcast.<s><\/s><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>BICHLIEN NGUYEN:<\/strong> Thanks for having us, Karin.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>SERGEY YEKHANIN:<\/strong> Thank you so much.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>JAKE SMITH: <\/strong>Yes, thank you.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>STRAUSS:<\/strong> So before getting into the details of DNA data storage and our work, I'd like to talk about the big idea behind the work and how we all got here. I've often described the DNA Data Storage Project as turning science fiction into reality. When we started the project in 2015, though, the idea of using DNA for archival storage was already out there and had been for over five decades. Still, when I talked about the work in the area, people were pretty skeptical in the beginning, and I heard things like, \u201cWow, why are you thinking about that? It's so far off.\u201d So, first, please share a bit of your research backgrounds and then how you came to work on this project. Where did you first encounter this idea, what do you remember about your initial impressions\u2014<em>or<\/em> the impressions of others\u2014and what made you want to get involved? Sergey, why don\u2019t you start.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>YEKHANIN:<\/strong> Thanks so much. So I\u2019m a coding theorist by training, so, like, my core areas of research have been error-correcting codes and also computational complexity theory. So I joined the project probably, like, within half a year of the time that it was born, and thanks, Karin, for inviting me to join. So, like, that was roughly the time when I moved from a different lab, from the Silicon Valley lab in California to the Redmond lab, and actually, it just so happened that at that moment, I was thinking about what to do next. Like, in California, I was mostly working on coding for distributed storage, and when I joined here, that effort kept going. But I had some free cycles, and that was the moment when Karin came just to my office and told me about the project. So, indeed, initially, it did feel a lot like science fiction. Because, I mean, we are used to coding for digital storage media, like for magnetic storage media, and here, like, this is biology, and, like, why exactly these kind of molecules? There are so many different molecules. Like, why that? But honestly, like, I didn't try to pretend to be a biologist and make conclusions about whether this is the right medium or the wrong medium. So I tried to look into these kinds of questions from a technical standpoint, and there was a lot of, kind of, deep, interesting coding questions, and that was the main attraction for me. At the same time, I wasn\u2019t convinced that we will get as far as we actually got, and I wasn't immediately convinced about the future of the field, but, kind of, just the depth and the richness of the, what I\u2019ll call, technical problems, that's what made it appealing for me, and I, kind of, enthusiastically joined. And also, I guess, the culture of the team. So, like, it did feel like a startup. Like, we all work for Microsoft; we\u2019re all Microsoft researchers. Microsoft isn\u2019t a startup. But that team, the team that drove the DNA Data Storage Project, it did feel like a startup, and it was something unusual and exciting for me.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>NGUYEN: <\/strong>Oh, I love that, Sergey. So my background is in organic chemistry, and Karin had reached out to me, and I interviewed not knowing what Karin wanted. Actually \u2026 so I took the job kind of blind because I was like, \u201cHmm, Microsoft Research? \u2026 DNA biotech? ...\u201d I was very, very curious, and then when she told me that this project was about DNA data storage, I was like, this is a crazy, crazy idea. I definitely was not sold on it, but I was like, well, look, I get to meet and work with so many interesting people from different backgrounds that, one, even if it doesn't work out, I\u2019m going to learn something, and, two, I think it <em>could<\/em> work, like it could work. And so I think that's really what motivated me to join.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>SMITH: <\/strong>The first thing that you think when you hear about we're going to take what is our hard drive and we're going to turn that into DNA is that this is nuts. But, you know, it didn't take very long after that. I come from a chemistry, biotech-type background where I've been working on designing drugs, and there, DNA is this thing off in the nethers, you know. You look at it every now and then to see what information it can tell you about, you know, what maybe your drug might be hitting on the target side, and it's, you know, that connection\u2014that the DNA <em>contains<\/em> the information in the living systems, the DNA <em>contains<\/em> the information in our assays, and why could the DNA not contain the information that we, you know, think more about every day, that information that lives in our computers\u2014as an extremely cool idea.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>STRAUSS:<\/strong> Through our work, we've had years to wrap our heads around DNA data storage. But, Jake, could you tell us a little bit about how DNA data storage works and why we're interested in looking into the technology?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>SMITH: <\/strong>So you mentioned it earlier, Karin, that this really starts from the fundamental data production\u2013data storage gap, where we produce way more data nowadays than we could ever have imagined years ago. And it's more than we can practically store in magnetic media. This is a problem because, you know, we have data; we have recognized the <em>value<\/em> of data with the rise of large language models and these other big generative models. The data that we do produce, our video has gone from, you know, substantially small, down at 480 resolution, all the way up to things at 8K resolution that now take orders of magnitude more storage. And so we really need a denser medium on the other side to contain that. DNA is extremely dense. It holds far, far more information per unit volume, per unit mass than any storage media that we have available today. This, along with the fact that DNA is itself a relatively rugged molecule\u2014it lives in our body; it lives outside our body for thousands and thousands of years if we, you know, leave it alone to do its thing\u2014makes it a very attractive media, particularly compared to the traditional magnetic media, which has lower density and a much shorter lifetime on the, you know, scale of decades at most.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>So how does DNA data storage actually work? Well, at a very high level, we start out in the digital domain, where we have our information represented as ones and zeros, and we need to convert that into a series of A's, C's, T's, and G's that we could then actually produce, and this is really the domain of Sergey. He'll tell us much more about how this works later on. For now, let's just assume we've done this. And now our information, you know, lives in the DNA base domain. It's still in the digital world. It's just represented as A\u2019s, C\u2019s, T\u2019s, and G\u2019s, and we now need to make this <em>physical<\/em> so that we can store it. This is accomplished through large-scale DNA synthesis. Once the DNA has been synthesized with the sequences that we specified, we need to store it. There's a lot of ways we can think about storing it. Bichlien\u2019s done great work looking at DNA encapsulation, as well as, you know, other more raw just DNA-on-glass-type techniques. And we've done some work looking at the susceptibility of DNA stored in this unencapsulated form to things like atmospheric humidity, to temperature changes and, most excitingly, to things like neutron radiation. So we've stored our data in this physical form, we've archived it, and coming back to it, likely many years in the future because the properties of DNA match up very well with archival storage, we need to convert it back into the digital domain. And this is done through a technique called DNA sequencing. What this does is it puts the molecules through some sort of machine, and on the other side of the machine, we get out, you know, a noisy representation of what the actual sequence of bases in the molecules were. We have one final step. We need to take this series of noisy sequences and convert it back into ones and zeros. Once we do this, we return to our original data and we've completed, let's call it, one DNA data storage cycle.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>STRAUSS:<\/strong> We'll get into this in more detail later, but maybe, Sergey, we dig a little bit on encoding-decoding end of things and how DNA is different as a medium from other types of media.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>YEKHANIN:<\/strong> Sure. So, like, I mean, coding is an important aspect of this whole idea of DNA data storage because we have to deal with errors\u2014it\u2019s a new medium\u2014but talking about error-correcting codes in the context of DNA data storage, so, I mean, usually, like \u2026 what are error-correcting codes about? Like, on the very high level, right, I mean, you have some data\u2014think of it as a binary string\u2014you want to store it, but there are errors. So usually, like, in most, kind of, forms of media, the errors are bit flips. Like, you store a 0; you get a 1. Or you store a 1; you get a 0. So these are called substitution errors. The field of error-correcting codes, it started, like, in the 1950s, so, like, it\u2019s 70 years old at least. So we, kind of, we understand how to deal with this kind of error reasonably well, so with substitution errors. In DNA data storage, the way you store your data is that given, like, some large amount of digital data, you have the freedom of choosing which short DNA molecules to generate. So in a DNA molecule, it\u2019s a sequence of the bases A, G, C, and T, and you have the freedom to decide, like, which of the short molecules you need to generate, and then those molecules get stored, and then during the storage, some of them are lost; some of them can be damaged. There can be insertions and deletions of bases on every molecule. Like, we call them strands. So you need redundancy, and there are two forms of redundancy. There's redundancy that goes across strands, and there is redundancy on the strand. And so, yeah, so, kind of, from the error-correcting side of things, like, we get to decide what kind of redundancy we want to introduce\u2014across strands, on the strand\u2014and then, like, we want to make sure that our encoding and decoding algorithms are efficient. So that's the coding theory angle on the field.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>NGUYEN: <\/strong>Yeah, and then, you know, from there, once you have that data encoded into DNA, the question is how do you <em>make<\/em> that data on a scale that's compatible with digital data storage? And so that's where a lot of the work came in for really automating the synthesis process and also the reading process, as well. So synthesis is what we consider the writing process of DNA data storage. And so, you know, we came up with some unique ideas there. We made a chip that enabled us to get to the densities that we needed. And then on the reading side, we used different sequencing technologies. And it was great to see that we could actually just, kind of, pull sequencing technologies off the shelf because people are so interested in reading biological DNA. So we explored the Illumina technologies and also Oxford Nanopore, which is a new technology coming in the horizon. And then preservation, too, because we have to make sure that the data that\u2019s stored in the DNA doesn't get damaged and that we can recover it using the error-correcting codes.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>STRAUSS:<\/strong> Yeah, absolutely. And it's clear that\u2014and it's also been our experience that\u2014DNA data storage and projects like this require more than just a team of computer scientists. Bichlien, you\u2019ve had the opportunity to collaborate with many people in all different disciplines. So do you want to talk a little bit about that? What kind of expertise, you know, other disciplines that are relevant to bringing DNA data storage to reality?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>NGUYEN: <\/strong>Yeah, well, it's such a futuristic technology, right? When you begin to work on the tech, you realize how many disciplines and domains you actually have to reach in and leverage. One concrete example is that in order to fabricate an electronic chip to synthesize DNA, we really had to pull in a lot of material science research because there's different capabilities that are needed when trying to use liquid on a chip. We, you know, have to think about DNA data <em>storage<\/em> itself. And that's a very different beast than, you know, the traditional storage mediums. And so we worked with teams who literally create, you know, these little tiny micro- or nanocapsules in glass and being able to store that there. It's really interesting, this multidisciplinarity, because we're, in a way, bridging software with wetware with hardware. And so you, kind of, need <em>all<\/em> the different disciplines to actually get you to where you need to go.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>STRAUSS:<\/strong> Yeah, absolutely. And, you know, building on, you know, collaborators, I think one area that was super interesting, as well, and was pretty early on in the project was building that first end-to-end system that we collaborated with University of Washington, the Molecular Information Systems Lab there, to build. And really, at that point, you know, there had been work suggesting that DNA data storage was viable, but nobody had really shown an end-to-end system, from beginning to end, and in fact, my manager at the time, Doug Carmean, used to call it the \u201cbubble gum and shoestring\u201d system. But it was a crucial first step because it shows it was possible to really fully automate the process. And there have been several interesting challenges there in the system, but we noticed that one particularly challenging one was synthesis. That first system that we built was capable of storing the word \u201chello,\u201d and that was <em>all<\/em> we could store. So it wasn't a very high-capacity system. But in order to be able to store a lot more volumes of data instead of a simple word, we really needed much more advanced synthesis systems. And this is what both Bichlien and Jake ended up working on, so do you want to talk a little bit about that and the importance of that particular work?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>SMITH: <\/strong>Yeah, absolutely. As you said, Karin, the amount of DNA that is required to store the massive amount of data we spoke about earlier is far beyond the amount of DNA that's needed for any, air quotes, traditional applications of synthetic DNA, whether it's your gene construction or it's your primer synthesis or such. And so we really had to rethink how you make DNA at scale and think about how could this actually scale to meet the demand. And so Bichlien started out looking at a thing called a <em>microelectrode array<\/em>, where you have this big checkerboard of small individual reaction sites, and in each reaction site, we used electrochemistry in order to control base by base\u2014A, C, T, or G by A, C, T, or G\u2014the sequence that was growing at that particular reaction site. We got this down to the nanoscale. And so what this means practically is that on one of these chips, we could synthesize at any given time on the order of hundreds of millions of individual strands. So once we had the synthesis working with the traditional chemistry where you're doing chemical synthesis\u2014each base is added in using a mixture of chemicals that are added to the individual spots\u2014they're activated. But each coupling happens due to some energy you <em>prestored<\/em> in the synthesis of your reagents. And this makes the synthesis of those reagents costly and themselves a bottleneck. And so taking, you know, a look forward at what else was happening in the synthetic biology world, the, you know, next big word in DNA synthesis was and still is <em>enzymatic synthesis<\/em>, where rather than having to, you know, spend a lot of energy to chemically <em>pre<\/em>-activate reagents that will go in to make your actual DNA strands, we capitalize on nature's synthetic robots\u2014<em>enzymes<\/em>\u2014to start with less-activated, less-expensive-to-get-to, cheaply-produced-through-natural-processes substrates, and we use the enzymes themselves, toggling <em>their<\/em> activity over each of the individual chips, or each of the individual spots on our checkerboard, to construct DNA strands. And so we got a little bit into this project. You know, we successfully showed that we could put down selectively one base at a given time. We hope that others will, kind of, take up the work that we've put out there, you know, particularly our wonderful collaborators at Ansa who helped us design the enzymatic system. And one day we will see, you know, a truly parallelized, in this fashion, enzymatic DNA system that can achieve the scales necessary.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>NGUYEN: <\/strong>It's interesting to note that even though it's DNA and we're still storing data in these DNA strands, chemical synthesis and enzymatic synthesis provide different errors that you see in the actual files, right, in the DNA files. And so I know that we talked to Sergey about how do we deal with these new types of errors and also the new capabilities that you can have, for example, if you don't control base by base the DNA synthesis.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>YEKHANIN:<\/strong> This whole field of DNA data storage, like, the technologies on the biology side are advancing rapidly, right. And there are different approaches to synthesis. There are different approaches to sequencing. And, presumably, the way the storage is actually done, like, is also progressing, right, and we had works on that. So there is, kind of, this very general, kind of, high-level error profile that you can say that these are the type of errors that you encounter in DNA data storage. Like, in DNA molecules\u2014just the sequence of these bases, A, G, C, T, in maybe a length of, like, 200 or so and you store a very, very large number of them\u2014the errors that you see is that some of these strands, kind of, will disappear. Some of these strings can be torn apart like, let\u2019s say, in two pieces, maybe even more. And then on every strand, you also encounter these errors\u2014insertions, deletions, substitutions\u2014with different rates. Like, the likelihood of all kinds of these errors may differ very significantly across different technologies that you use on the biology side. And also there can be error bursts somehow. Maybe you can get an insertion of, I don\u2019t know, 10 A\u2019s, like, in a row, or you can <em>lose<\/em>, like, you know, 10 bases in a row. So if you don't, kind of, quantify, like, what are the likelihoods of all these bad events happening, then I think this still, kind of, fits at least the majority of approaches to DNA data storage, maybe not exactly all of them, but it fits the majority. So when we design coding schemes, we are trying also, kind of, to look ahead in the sense that, like, we don't know, like, in five years, like, how will these error profiles, how will it look like. So the technologies that we develop on the error-correction side, we try to keep them very flexible, so whether it's enzymatic synthesis, whether it's Nanopore technology, whether it\u2019s Illumina technology that is being used, the error-correction algorithms would be able to adapt and would still be useful. But, I mean, this makes also coding aspect harder because, [LAUGHTER] kind of, you want to keep all this flexibility in mind.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>STRAUSS:<\/strong> So, Sergey, we are at an interesting moment now because you\u2019re open sourcing the Trellis BMA piece of code, right, that you published a few years ago. Can you talk a little bit about that specific problem of trace reconstruction and then the paper specifically and how it solves it?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>YEKHANIN:<\/strong> Absolutely, yeah, so this Trellis BMA paper for that we are releasing the source code right now, this is, kind of, this is the latest in our sequence of publications on error-correction for DNA data storage. And I should say that, like, we already discussed that the project is, kind of, very interdisciplinary. So, like, we have experts from all kinds of fields. But really even within, like, within this coding theory, like, within computer science\/information theory, coding theory, in our algorithms, we use ideas from very different branches. I mean, there are some core ideas from, like, core algorithm space, and I won\u2019t go into these, but let me just focus, kind of, on two aspects. So when we just faced this problem of coding for DNA data storage and we were thinking about, OK, so how to exactly design the coding scheme and what are the algorithms that we\u2019ll be using for error correction, so, I mean, we\u2019re always studying the literature, and we came up on this problem called <em>trace reconstruction<\/em> that was pretty popular\u2014I mean, somewhat popular, I would say\u2014in computer science and in statistics. It didn\u2019t have much motivation, but very strong mathematicians had been looking at it. And the problem is as follows. So, like, there is a long binary string picked at random, and then it\u2019s transmitted over a deletion channel, so some bits\u2014some zeros and some ones\u2014at certain coordinates get deleted and you get to see, kind of, the shortened version of the string. But you get to see it multiple times. And the question is, like, how many times do you need to see it so that you can get a reasonably accurate estimate of the original string that was transmitted? So that was called trace reconstruction, and we took a lot of motivation\u2014we took a lot of inspiration\u2014from the problem, I would say, because really, in DNA data storage, if we think about a single strand, like, a single strand which is being stored, after we read it, we usually get multiple reads of this string. And, well, the errors there are not just deletions. There are insertions, substitutions, and, like, inversive errors, but still we could rely on this literature in computer science that already had some ideas. So there was an algorithm called BMA, <em>Bitwise Majority Alignment<\/em>. We extended it\u2014we adopted it, kind of, for the needs of DNA data storage\u2014and it became, kind of, one of the tools in our toolbox for error correction.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>So we also started to use ideas from literature on electrical engineering, what are called <em>convolutional error-correcting codes<\/em> and a certain, kind of, class of algorithms for decoding errors in these convolutional error-correcting codes called, like, I mean, Trellis is the main data structure, like, Trellis-based algorithms for decoding convolutional codes, like, Viterbi algorithm or BCJR algorithm. Convolutional codes allow you to introduce redundancy on the string. So, like, with algorithms kind of similar to BMA, like, they were good for doing error correction when there was no redundancy on the strand itself. Like, when there is redundancy on the strand, kind of, we could do some things, but really it was very limited. With Trellis-based approaches, like, again inspired by the literature in electrical engineering, we had an approach to introduce redundancy on the strand, so that allowed us to have more powerful error-correction algorithms. And then in the end, we have this algorithm, which we call Trellis BMA, which, kind of, combines ideas from both fields. So it's based on Trellis, but it's also more efficient than standard Trellis-based algorithms because it uses ideas from BMA from computer science literature. So this is, kind of, this is a mix of these two approaches. And, yeah, that\u2019s the paper that we wrote about three years ago. And now we're open sourcing it. So it is the most powerful algorithm for DNA error correction that we developed in the group. We\u2019re really happy that now we are making it publicly available so that anybody can experiment with the source code. Because, again, the field has expanded a lot, and now there are multiple groups around the globe that work just specifically on error correction apart from all other aspects, so, yeah, so we are really happy that it\u2019s become publicly available to hopefully further advance the field.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>STRAUSS:<\/strong> Yeah, absolutely, and I'm always amazed by, you know, how, <em>it<\/em> <em>is<\/em> really about building on other people's work. Jake and Bichlien, you recently published a paper in <em>Nature Communications<\/em>. Can you tell us a little bit about what it was, what you exposed the DNA to, and what it was specifically about?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>NGUYEN:<\/strong> Yeah. So that paper was on the effects of neutron radiation on DNA data storage. So, you know, when we started the DNA Data Storage Project, it was really a comparison, right, between the different storage medias that exist today. And one of the issues that have come up through the years of development of those technologies was, you know, hard errors and soft errors that were induced by radiation. So we wanted to know, does that <em>maybe<\/em> happen in DNA? We know that DNA, in humans at least, is affected by radiation from cosmic rays. And so that was really the motivation for this type of experiment. So what we did was we essentially took our DNA files and dried them and threw them in a neutron accelerator, which was fantastic. It was so exciting. That's, kind of, the merge of, you know, sci fi <em>with<\/em> sci fi at the same time. [LAUGHS] It was fantastic. And we irradiated for over 80 million years\u2014<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>STRAUSS: <\/strong>The equivalent of \u2026<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>NGUYEN: <\/strong>The <em>equivalent<\/em> of 80 million years.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>STRAUSS: <\/strong>Yes, because it's a lot of radiation all at the same time, \u2026<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>NGUYEN: <\/strong>It\u2019s a lot of radiation \u2026<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>STRAUSS:<\/strong> \u2026 and it's <em>accelerated<\/em> radiation exposure?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>NGUYEN: <\/strong>Yeah, I would say it's accelerated <em>aging<\/em> with radiation. It's an insane amount of radiation. And it was surprising that even though we irradiated our DNA files with that much radiation, there wasn't that much damage. And that's surprising because, you know, we know that humans, if we were to be irradiated like that, it would be disastrous. But in, you know, DNA, our files were able to be recovered with zero bit errors.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>STRAUSS:<\/strong> And why that difference?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>NGUYEN: <\/strong>Well, we think there's a few reasons. One is that when you look at the interaction between a neutron and the actual elemental composition of DNA\u2014which is basically carbons, oxygens, and hydrogens, maybe a phosphorus\u2014the neutrons don't interact with the DNA much. And if it did interact, we would have, for example, a strand break, which based on the error-correcting codes, we can recover from. So essentially, there's not much \u2026 one, there's not much interaction between neutrons and DNA, and second, we have error-correcting codes that would prevent any data loss.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>STRAUSS:<\/strong> Awesome, so yeah, this is another milestone that contributes towards the technology becoming a reality. There are also other conditions that are needed for technology to be brought to the market. And one thing I've worked on is to, you know, create the DNA Data Storage Alliance; this is something Microsoft co-founded with Illumina, Twist Bioscience, and Western Digital. And the goal there was to essentially provide the right conditions for the technology to thrive commercially. We did bring together multiple universities and companies that were interested in the technology. And one thing that we've seen with storage technologies that's been pretty important is standardization and making sure that the technology\u2019s interoperable. And, you know, we've seen stalemate situations like Blu-ray and high-definition DVD, where, you know, really we couldn't decide on a standard, and the technology, it took a while for the technology to be picked up, and the intent of the DNA Data Storage [Alliance] is to provide an ecosystem of companies, universities, groups interested in making sure that this time, it's an interoperable technology from the get-go, and that increases the chances of commercial adoption.<strong> <\/strong>As a group, we often talk about how amazing it is to work for a company that empowers us to do this kind of research. And for me, one of Microsoft Research\u2019s unique strengths, particularly in this project, is the opportunity to work with such a diverse set of collaborators on such a multidisciplinary project like we have. How do you all think <em>where<\/em> you've done this work has impacted how you've gone about it and the contributions you\u2019ve been able to make?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>NGUYEN:<\/strong> I'm going to start with if we look around this table and we see who's sitting at it, which is two chemists, a computer architect, and a coding theorist, and we come together and we're like, what can we make that would be super, super impactful? I think that's the answer right there, is that being at Microsoft and being in a culture that really fosters this type of interdisciplinary collaboration <em>is<\/em> the key to getting a project like this off the ground.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>SMITH:<\/strong> Yeah, absolutely. And we should acknowledge the gigantic contributions made by our collaborators at the University of Washington. Many of them would fall in <em>not<\/em> any of these three categories. They\u2019re electrical engineers, they're mechanical engineers, they're pure biologists that we worked with. And each of them brought their own perspective, and particularly when you talk about going to a true end-to-end system, those perspectives were invaluable as we were trying to fit all the puzzle pieces together.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>STRAUSS:<\/strong> Yeah, absolutely. We've had great collaborations over time\u2014University of Washington, ETH Z\u00fcrich, Los Alamos National Lab, ChipIr, Twist Bioscience, Ansa Biotechnologies. Yeah, it\u2019s been really great and a great set of different disciplines, all the way from coding theorists to the molecular biology and chemistry, electrical and mechanical engineering. One of the great things about research is there's never a shortage of interesting questions to pursue, and for us, this particular work has opened the door to research in adjacent domains, including sustainability fields. DNA data storage requires small amounts of materials to accommodate the large amounts of data, and early on, we wanted to understand if DNA data storage was, as it seemed, a more sustainable way to store information. And we learned a lot. Bichlien and Jake, you had experience in green chemistry when you came to Microsoft. What new findings did we make, and what sustainability benefits do we get with DNA data storage? And, finally, what new sustainability work has the project led to?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>NGUYEN: <\/strong>As a part of this project, if we're going to bring new technologies to the forefront, you know, to the world, we should make sure that they have a lower carbon footprint, for example, than previous technologies. And so we ran a life cycle assessment\u2014which is a way to systematically evaluate the environmental impacts of anything of interest\u2014and we did this on DNA data storage and compared it to electronic storage medium<a id=\"_ftnref1\" href=\"#_ftn1\">[1]<\/a>, and we noticed that if we were able to store all of our digital information in DNA, that we would have benefits associated with carbon emissions. We would be able to reduce that because we don't need as much infrastructure compared to the traditional storage methods. And there would be an energy reduction, as well, because this is a passive way of archival data storage. So that was, you know, the main takeaways that we had. But that also, kind of, led us to think about other technologies that would be beneficial beyond data storage and how we could use the same kind of life cycle thinking towards that.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>SMITH:<\/strong> This design approach that you've, you know, talked about us stumbling on, not inventing but seeing other people doing in the literature and trying to implement ourselves on the DNA Data Storage Project, you know, is something that can be much bigger than any single material. And where we think there's a, you know, chance for folks like ourselves at Microsoft Research to make a real impact on this sustainability-focused design is through the application of machine learning, artificial intelligence\u2014the <em>new<\/em> tools that will allow us to look at much bigger design spaces than we could previously to evaluate sustainability metrics that were not possible when everything was done manually and to ultimately, you know, at the end of the day, take a sustainability-first look at what a material should be composed of. And so we've tried to prototype this with a few projects. We had another wonderful collaboration with the University of Washington where we looked at recyclable circuit boards and a novel material called a vitrimer that it could possibly be made out of<a href=\"#_ftn2\" id=\"_ftnref2\">[2]<\/a>. We've had another great collaboration with the University of Michigan, where we've looked at the design of charge-carrying molecules in these things called flow batteries that have good potential for energy smoothing in, you know, renewables production, trying to get us out of that day-night, boom-bust cycle<a href=\"#_ftn3\" id=\"_ftnref3\">[3]<\/a>. And we had one more project, you know, this time with collaborators at the University of Berkeley, where we looked at, you know, design of a class of materials called a metal organic framework, which have great promise in low-energy-cost gas separation, such as pulling CO<sub>2<\/sub> out of the, you know, plume of a smokestack or, you know, ideally out of the air itself<a href=\"#_ftn4\" id=\"_ftnref4\">[4]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>STRAUSS:<\/strong> For me, the DNA work has made me much more open to projects outside my own research area\u2014as Bichlien mentioned, my core research area is computer architecture, but we've ventured in quite a bit of other areas here\u2014and going way beyond my own comfort zone and really made me love interdisciplinary projects like this and try, really try, to do the most important work I can. And this is what attracted me to these other areas of environmental sustainability that Bichlien and Jake covered, where there's absolutely no lack of problems. Like them, I'm super interested in using AI to solve many of them. So how do each of you think working on the DNA Data Storage Project has influenced your research approach more generally and how you think about research questions to pursue next?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>YEKHANIN:<\/strong> It definitely expanded the horizons a lot, like, just, kind of, just having this interactions with people, kind of, whose core areas of research are so different from my own and also a lot of learning even within my own field that we had to do to, kind of, carry this project out. So, I mean, it was a great and rewarding experience.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>NGUYEN: <\/strong>Yeah, for me, it's kind of the opposite of Karin, right. I started as an organic chemist and then now really, one, appreciate the breadth and depth of going from a concept to a real end-to-end prototype and all the requirements that you need to get there. And then also, really the importance of having, you know, a background in computer science and really being able to understand the lingo that is used <em>in<\/em> multidisciplinary projects because you might say something and someone else interprets it very differently, and it's because you're not speaking the same language. And so that understanding that you have to really be \u2026 you have to learn a little bit of vocabulary from each person and understand how they contribute and then how <em>your<\/em> ideas can contribute to their ideas has been really impactful in my career here.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>SMITH: <\/strong>Yeah, I think the key change in approach that I took away\u2014and I think many of us took away from the DNA Data Storage Project\u2014was rather than starting with an academic question, we started with a vision of what we wanted to happen, and then we derived the research questions from analyzing what would need to happen in the world\u2014what are the bottlenecks that need to be solved in order for us to achieve, you know, that goal? And this is something that we've taken with us into the sustainability-focused research and, you know, something that I think will affect all the research I do going forward.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>STRAUSS:<\/strong> Awesome. As we close, let's reflect a bit on what a world in which DNA data storage is widely used might look like. If everything goes as planned, what do you hope the lasting impact of this work will be? Sergey, why don\u2019t you lead us off.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>YEKHANIN:<\/strong> Sure, I remember that, like, when \u2026 in the early days when I started working on this project actually, you, Karin, told me that you were taking an Uber ride somewhere and you were talking to the taxi driver, and the taxi driver\u2014I don't know if you remember that\u2014but the taxi driver mentioned that he has a camera which is recording everything that's happening in the car. And then you had a discussion with him about, like, how long does he keep the data, how long does he keep the videos. And he told you that he keeps it for about a couple of days because it's too expensive. But otherwise, like, if it weren't that expensive, he would keep it for much, much longer because, like, he wants to have these recordings if later somebody is upset about the ride and, I don\u2019t know, he is getting sued or something. So this is, like, this is one small narrow application area where DNA data storage would clearly, kind of, if it happens, then it will solve it. Because then, kind of, this long-term archival storage will become very cheap, available to everybody; it would become a commodity basically. There are many things that will be enabled, like this helping the Uber drivers, for instance. But also one has to think of, of course, like, about, kind of, the broader implications so that we don't get into something negative because again this power of recording everything and storing everything, it can also lead to some use cases that might be, kind of, morally wrong. So, again, hopefully by the time that we get to, like, really wide deployments of this technology, the regulation will also be catching up and the, like, we will have great use cases and we won\u2019t have bad ones. I mean, that's how I think of it. But definitely there are lots of, kind of, great scenarios that this can enable.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>SMITH: <\/strong>Yeah. I'll grab onto the word you use there, which is making DNA a <em>commodity<\/em>. And one of the things that I hope comes out of this project, you know, besides all the great benefits of DNA data storage itself is spillover benefits into the field of health\u2014where if we make DNA synthesis at large scale truly a commodity thing, which I hope some of the work that we've done to really accelerate the throughput of synthesis will do\u2014then this will open new doors in what we can do in terms of gene synthesis, in terms of, like, fundamental biotech research that will lead to that next set of drugs and, you know, give us medications or treatments that we could not have thought possible if we were not able to synthesize DNA and related molecules at that scale.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>NGUYEN: <\/strong>So much information gets lost because of just time. And so I think being able to recover really ancient history that humans wrote in the future, I think, is something that I really hope could be achieved because we're so information rich, but in the course of time, we become information poor, and so I would like for our future generations to be able to understand the life of, you know, an everyday 21st-century person.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>STRAUSS:<\/strong> Well, Bichlien, Jake, Sergey, it's been fun having this conversation with you today and collaborating with you in all of this amazing project [MUSIC] and all the research we've done together. Thank you so much.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>YEKHANIN:<\/strong> Thank you, Karin.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>SMITH: <\/strong>Thank you.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>NGUYEN: <\/strong>Thanks.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>[MUSIC FADES]<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<p><a id=\"_ftn1\" href=\"#_ftnref1\">[1]<\/a> The team presented the findings from their life cycle assessment of DNA data storage in the paper <a href=\"https:\/\/www.microsoft.com\/en-us\/research\/publication\/architecting-datacenters-for-sustainability-greener-data-storage-using-synthetic-dna\/\">Architecting Datacenters for Sustainability: Greener Data Storage using Synthetic DNA<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref2\" id=\"_ftn2\">[2]<\/a> For more information, check out the podcast episode <a href=\"https:\/\/www.microsoft.com\/en-us\/research\/podcast\/collaborators-sustainable-electronics-with-jake-smith-and-aniruddh-vashisth\/\">Collaborators: Sustainable electronics with Jake Smith and Aniruddh Vashisth<\/a> and the paper <a href=\"https:\/\/www.microsoft.com\/en-us\/research\/publication\/recyclable-vitrimer-based-printed-circuit-boards-for-sustainable-electronics\/\">Recyclable vitrimer-based printed circuit boards for sustainable electronics<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref3\" id=\"_ftn3\">[3]<\/a> For more information, check out the podcast episode <a href=\"https:\/\/www.microsoft.com\/en-us\/research\/podcast\/collaborators-renewable-energy-storage-with-bichlien-nguyen-and-david-kwabi\/\">Collaborators: Renewable energy storage with Bichlien Nguyen and David Kwabi<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref4\" id=\"_ftn4\">[4]<\/a> For more information, check out the paper <a href=\"https:\/\/www.microsoft.com\/en-us\/research\/publication\/mofdiff-coarse-grained-diffusion-for-metal-organic-framework-design\/?msockid=3be03cfe91b667f415c429e2900566db\">MOFDiff: Coarse-grained Diffusion for Metal-Organic Framework Design<\/a>.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Ideas: The journey to DNA data storage","post_excerpt":"Research manager Karin Strauss and members of the DNA Data Storage Project reflect on the path to developing a synthetic DNA\u2013based system for archival data storage, including the recent open-source release of its most powerful algorithm for DNA error correction.","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"ideas-the-journey-to-dna-data-storage","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2024-11-19 09:40:17","post_modified_gmt":"2024-11-19 17:40:17","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":0,"filter":"raw","site_id":1,"permalink":"https:\/\/www.microsoft.com\/en-us\/research\/podcast\/ideas-the-journey-to-dna-data-storage\/","terms":{"category":[{"term_id":240054,"slug":"msr-podcast","name":"Microsoft Research 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devices\",\"parent\":0,\"term_taxonomy_id\":13552,\"term_order\":0}"},{"term_id":13546,"slug":"computational-sciences-mathematics","name":"Mathematics","parent":0,"term_taxonomy_id":13546,"term_order":0,"facet":"{\"term_id\":13546,\"slug\":\"computational-sciences-mathematics\",\"name\":\"Mathematics\",\"parent\":0,\"term_taxonomy_id\":13546,\"term_order\":0}"},{"term_id":13547,"slug":"systems-and-networking","name":"Systems and networking","parent":0,"term_taxonomy_id":13547,"term_order":0,"facet":"{\"term_id\":13547,\"slug\":\"systems-and-networking\",\"name\":\"Systems and networking\",\"parent\":0,\"term_taxonomy_id\":13547,\"term_order\":0}"}],"msr-locale":[{"term_id":268875,"slug":"en_us","name":"English","parent":0,"term_taxonomy_id":268920,"term_order":0,"facet":"{\"term_id\":268875,\"slug\":\"en_us\",\"name\":\"English\",\"parent\":0,\"term_taxonomy_id\":268920,\"term_order\":0}"}],"msr-post-option":[{"term_id":269148,"slug":"approved-for-river","name":"Approved for River","parent":0,"term_taxonomy_id":269193,"term_order":0,"facet":"{\"term_id\":269148,\"slug\":\"approved-for-river\",\"name\":\"Approved for River\",\"parent\":0,\"term_taxonomy_id\":269193,\"term_order\":0}"},{"term_id":269142,"slug":"include-in-river","name":"Include in River","parent":0,"term_taxonomy_id":269187,"term_order":0,"facet":"{\"term_id\":269142,\"slug\":\"include-in-river\",\"name\":\"Include in River\",\"parent\":0,\"term_taxonomy_id\":269187,\"term_order\":0}"},{"term_id":243990,"slug":"podcast-featured","name":"podcast-featured","parent":0,"term_taxonomy_id":244008,"term_order":0,"facet":"{\"term_id\":243990,\"slug\":\"podcast-featured\",\"name\":\"podcast-featured\",\"parent\":0,\"term_taxonomy_id\":244008,\"term_order\":0}"}],"msr-podcast-series":[{"term_id":268557,"slug":"ideas","name":"Ideas","parent":0,"term_taxonomy_id":268602,"term_order":0,"facet":"{\"term_id\":268557,\"slug\":\"ideas\",\"name\":\"Ideas\",\"parent\":0,\"term_taxonomy_id\":268602,\"term_order\":0}"}]},"meta":{"ep_exclude_from_search":[{"value":"","raw":"","boolean":false}]},"elasticsearch":true},"markup":"<article class=\"card card--post\">\n\t<div class=\"row\">\n\t\t<div class=\"col col-12 col-md-8\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"card-body\">\n\t\t\t\t<span id=\"1103874-asset-type-label\" class=\"card__label d-block pb-2 text-neutral-300 font-weight-semibold text-uppercase small\">\n\t\t\t\t\tPodcast\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"card__heading h3 m-0 pb-2\" aria-describedby=\"1103874-asset-type-label\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<a\n\t\t\t\t\t\tclass=\"text-decoration-none\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bi-cN=\"Ideas: The journey to DNA data storage\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bi-id=\"1103874\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bi-type=\"blog-post\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bi-tN=\"search-result-card\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\thref=\"https:\/\/www.microsoft.com\/en-us\/research\/podcast\/ideas-the-journey-to-dna-data-storage\/\"\n\t\t\t\t\t>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span>Ideas: The journey to DNA data storage<\/span> <span class=\"glyph-prepend glyph-prepend-small glyph-prepend-chevron-right\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/h3>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"card__meta\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"m-0 pb-2\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<time class=\"card__date\" datetime=\"2024-11-19\">November 19, 2024<\/time>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<p>Research manager Karin Strauss and members of the DNA Data Storage Project reflect on the path to developing a synthetic DNA\u2013based system for archival data storage, including the recent open-source release of its most powerful…<\/p>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"card__thumbnail col col-12 col-md-4 pt-3 pt-md-0\">\n\t\t\t\t<a class=\"d-block\" href=\"https:\/\/www.microsoft.com\/en-us\/research\/podcast\/ideas-the-journey-to-dna-data-storage\/\" aria-label=\"Thumbnail for post: "Ideas: The journey to DNA data storage"\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<img width=\"390\" height=\"219\" src=\"https:\/\/www.microsoft.com\/en-us\/research\/uploads\/prod\/2024\/11\/Karin-Jake-Bichlien-Sergey_Ideas_Hero_Feature_No_Text_1400x788.jpg\" class=\"mw-100 wp-post-image\" alt=\"Outlined illustrations of Karin Strauss, Jake Smith, Bichlien Nguyen, and Sergey Yekhanin for the Microsoft Research Podcast, Ideas series.\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.microsoft.com\/en-us\/research\/uploads\/prod\/2024\/11\/Karin-Jake-Bichlien-Sergey_Ideas_Hero_Feature_No_Text_1400x788.jpg 1401w, https:\/\/www.microsoft.com\/en-us\/research\/uploads\/prod\/2024\/11\/Karin-Jake-Bichlien-Sergey_Ideas_Hero_Feature_No_Text_1400x788-300x169.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.microsoft.com\/en-us\/research\/uploads\/prod\/2024\/11\/Karin-Jake-Bichlien-Sergey_Ideas_Hero_Feature_No_Text_1400x788-1024x576.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.microsoft.com\/en-us\/research\/uploads\/prod\/2024\/11\/Karin-Jake-Bichlien-Sergey_Ideas_Hero_Feature_No_Text_1400x788-768x432.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.microsoft.com\/en-us\/research\/uploads\/prod\/2024\/11\/Karin-Jake-Bichlien-Sergey_Ideas_Hero_Feature_No_Text_1400x788-1066x600.jpg 1066w, https:\/\/www.microsoft.com\/en-us\/research\/uploads\/prod\/2024\/11\/Karin-Jake-Bichlien-Sergey_Ideas_Hero_Feature_No_Text_1400x788-655x368.jpg 655w, https:\/\/www.microsoft.com\/en-us\/research\/uploads\/prod\/2024\/11\/Karin-Jake-Bichlien-Sergey_Ideas_Hero_Feature_No_Text_1400x788-240x135.jpg 240w, https:\/\/www.microsoft.com\/en-us\/research\/uploads\/prod\/2024\/11\/Karin-Jake-Bichlien-Sergey_Ideas_Hero_Feature_No_Text_1400x788-640x360.jpg 640w, https:\/\/www.microsoft.com\/en-us\/research\/uploads\/prod\/2024\/11\/Karin-Jake-Bichlien-Sergey_Ideas_Hero_Feature_No_Text_1400x788-960x540.jpg 960w, https:\/\/www.microsoft.com\/en-us\/research\/uploads\/prod\/2024\/11\/Karin-Jake-Bichlien-Sergey_Ideas_Hero_Feature_No_Text_1400x788-1280x720.jpg 1280w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 390px) 100vw, 390px\" \/>\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n<\/article>\n"},{"data":{"ID":1102872,"post_author":43158,"post_date":"2024-11-13 15:45:23","post_date_gmt":"2024-11-13 23:45:23","post_content":"<span data-ccp-parastyle=\"Normal (Web)\">Microsoft\u2019s Cloud Supply Chain & Provisioning (CSCP) business unit <\/span><span data-ccp-parastyle=\"Normal (Web)\">is looking for an experienced Cloud Supply Chain Sustainability Impact Manager to join our team.\u00a0This role will play a critical role\u00a0in\u00a0this transformation, helping evolve and implement our sustainability impact assessment strategy, particularly\u00a0as part of\u00a0our Design for Sustainability program.\u00a0This role will drive life cycle assessment work across our cloud IT infrastructure,\u00a0identify\u00a0opportunities for interventions to drive carbon reduction and increase circularity, collaborate across teams to harmonize sustainability impact assessment methodologies and calculations. The\u00a0role will work closely with data scientists and engineers to manage and solve complex challenges\u00a0at\u00a0the intersection of sustainability,\u00a0leading\u00a0edge technology development, within a world class supply chain organization.\u00a0\u00a0<\/span>","post_title":"Cloud Supply Chain Sustainability Impact Manager - Cloud Supply Chain & Provisioning (CSCP)","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"cloud-supply-chain-sustainability-impact-manager-cloud-supply-chain-provisioning-cscp","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2024-11-17 18:19:18","post_modified_gmt":"2024-11-18 02:19:18","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"","menu_order":0,"post_type":"msr-job-opportunity","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":0,"filter":"raw","site_id":1,"permalink":"https:\/\/jobs.careers.microsoft.com\/global\/en\/job\/1782284\/Cloud-Supply-Chain-Sustainability-Impact-Manager","terms":{"msr-research-area":[{"term_id":13556,"slug":"artificial-intelligence","name":"Artificial intelligence","parent":0,"term_taxonomy_id":13556,"term_order":0,"facet":"{\"term_id\":13556,\"slug\":\"artificial-intelligence\",\"name\":\"Artificial intelligence\",\"parent\":0,\"term_taxonomy_id\":13556,\"term_order\":0}"},{"term_id":198583,"slug":"ecology-environment","name":"Ecology and environment","parent":0,"term_taxonomy_id":198583,"term_order":0,"facet":"{\"term_id\":198583,\"slug\":\"ecology-environment\",\"name\":\"Ecology and environment\",\"parent\":0,\"term_taxonomy_id\":198583,\"term_order\":0}"},{"term_id":13548,"slug":"economics","name":"Economics","parent":0,"term_taxonomy_id":13548,"term_order":0,"facet":"{\"term_id\":13548,\"slug\":\"economics\",\"name\":\"Economics\",\"parent\":0,\"term_taxonomy_id\":13548,\"term_order\":0}"},{"term_id":13547,"slug":"systems-and-networking","name":"Systems and networking","parent":0,"term_taxonomy_id":13547,"term_order":0,"facet":"{\"term_id\":13547,\"slug\":\"systems-and-networking\",\"name\":\"Systems and networking\",\"parent\":0,\"term_taxonomy_id\":13547,\"term_order\":0}"}],"msr-region":[{"term_id":197900,"slug":"north-america","name":"North America","parent":0,"term_taxonomy_id":197900,"term_order":0,"facet":"{\"term_id\":197900,\"slug\":\"north-america\",\"name\":\"North America\",\"parent\":0,\"term_taxonomy_id\":197900,\"term_order\":0}"}],"msr-job-opportunity-type":[{"term_id":260596,"slug":"research-manager","name":"Research manager","parent":0,"term_taxonomy_id":260632,"term_order":0,"facet":"{\"term_id\":260596,\"slug\":\"research-manager\",\"name\":\"Research manager\",\"parent\":0,\"term_taxonomy_id\":260632,\"term_order\":0}"}],"msr-city":[{"term_id":259504,"slug":"austin-tx-us","name":"Austin, TX, US","parent":0,"term_taxonomy_id":259540,"term_order":0,"facet":"{\"term_id\":259504,\"slug\":\"austin-tx-us\",\"name\":\"Austin, TX, US\",\"parent\":0,\"term_taxonomy_id\":259540,\"term_order\":0}"},{"term_id":243658,"slug":"redmond-wash-us","name":"Redmond, WA, US","parent":0,"term_taxonomy_id":243670,"term_order":0,"facet":"{\"term_id\":243658,\"slug\":\"redmond-wash-us\",\"name\":\"Redmond, WA, US\",\"parent\":0,\"term_taxonomy_id\":243670,\"term_order\":0}"}],"msr-locale":[{"term_id":268875,"slug":"en_us","name":"English","parent":0,"term_taxonomy_id":268920,"term_order":0,"facet":"{\"term_id\":268875,\"slug\":\"en_us\",\"name\":\"English\",\"parent\":0,\"term_taxonomy_id\":268920,\"term_order\":0}"}]},"meta":{"msr_opportunity_pubdate":[{"value":"November 13 2024","raw":"November 13 2024","boolean":false,"date":"2024-11-13","datetime":"2024-11-13 00:00:00","time":"00:00:00"}],"msr_opportunity_hta":[{"value":"https:\/\/jobs.careers.microsoft.com\/global\/en\/job\/1782284\/Cloud-Supply-Chain-Sustainability-Impact-Manager","raw":"https:\/\/jobs.careers.microsoft.com\/global\/en\/job\/1782284\/Cloud-Supply-Chain-Sustainability-Impact-Manager","boolean":false,"date":"1970-01-01","datetime":"1970-01-01 00:00:01","time":"00:00:01"}]},"elasticsearch":true},"markup":"<article class=\"card card--job-opportunity\">\n\t<div class=\"row\">\n\t\t<div class=\"col col-12\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"card-body\">\n\t\t\t\t<span id=\"1102872-asset-type-label\" class=\"card__label d-block pb-2 text-neutral-300 font-weight-semibold text-uppercase small\">\n\t\t\t\t\tCareer Opportunity\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"card__heading h3 m-0 pb-2\" aria-describedby=\"1102872-asset-type-label\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<a\n\t\t\t\t\t\tclass=\"text-decoration-none\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bi-cN=\"Cloud Supply Chain Sustainability Impact Manager - Cloud Supply Chain & Provisioning (CSCP)\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bi-id=\"1102872\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bi-type=\"job-opportunity\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bi-tN=\"search-result-card\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\thref=\"https:\/\/jobs.careers.microsoft.com\/global\/en\/job\/1782284\/Cloud-Supply-Chain-Sustainability-Impact-Manager\"\n\t\t\t\t\t>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span>Cloud Supply Chain Sustainability Impact Manager – Cloud Supply Chain & Provisioning (CSCP)<\/span> <span class=\"glyph-prepend glyph-prepend-small glyph-prepend-chevron-right\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/h3>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"card__meta\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"m-0 pb-2\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<time class=\"card__date\" datetime=\"2024-11-13\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span>Posted<\/span>:\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tNovember 13, 2024\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/time>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"card__locations\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span>Location<\/span>:\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tAustin, TX, US; Redmond, WA, US\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"card__research-area\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span>Research Area(s)<\/span>:\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tArtificial intelligence, Ecology and environment, Economics, Systems and networking\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<p>Microsoft\u2019s Cloud Supply Chain & Provisioning (CSCP) business unit is looking for an experienced Cloud Supply Chain Sustainability Impact Manager to join our team.\u00a0This role will play a critical role\u00a0in\u00a0this transformation, helping evolve and implement…<\/p>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n<\/article>\n"},{"data":{"ID":1102620,"post_author":43518,"post_date":"2024-11-11 05:41:05","post_date_gmt":"2024-11-11 13:41:05","post_content":"\n<p>In 2023, global land carbon sinks\u2014the Earth\u2019s forests, soils, and vegetation that absorb CO2\u2014experienced a dramatic decline, as revealed by a study published in National Science Review by several international research teams. Using dynamic global vegetation models, satellite fire emissions, OCO-2 satellite measurements, and ocean model emulators, the study provides a fast-track carbon budget for 2023, identifying unprecedented weakening of land carbon sinks.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-buttons\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-button\"><a class=\"wp-block-button__link wp-element-button\" href=\"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/nsr\/advance-article\/doi\/10.1093\/nsr\/nwae365\/7831649\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Publication<\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n","post_title":"Low latency carbon budget 2023","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"low-latency-carbon-budget-2023","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2024-11-13 18:46:20","post_modified_gmt":"2024-11-14 02:46:20","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"","menu_order":0,"post_type":"msr-video","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":0,"filter":"raw","site_id":1,"permalink":"https:\/\/www.microsoft.com\/en-us\/research\/video\/low-latency-carbon-budget-2023\/","terms":{"msr-research-area":[{"term_id":13556,"slug":"artificial-intelligence","name":"Artificial intelligence","parent":0,"term_taxonomy_id":13556,"term_order":0,"facet":"{\"term_id\":13556,\"slug\":\"artificial-intelligence\",\"name\":\"Artificial intelligence\",\"parent\":0,\"term_taxonomy_id\":13556,\"term_order\":0}"},{"term_id":198583,"slug":"ecology-environment","name":"Ecology and environment","parent":0,"term_taxonomy_id":198583,"term_order":0,"facet":"{\"term_id\":198583,\"slug\":\"ecology-environment\",\"name\":\"Ecology and environment\",\"parent\":0,\"term_taxonomy_id\":198583,\"term_order\":0}"}],"msr-locale":[{"term_id":268875,"slug":"en_us","name":"English","parent":0,"term_taxonomy_id":268920,"term_order":0,"facet":"{\"term_id\":268875,\"slug\":\"en_us\",\"name\":\"English\",\"parent\":0,\"term_taxonomy_id\":268920,\"term_order\":0}"}]},"meta":[],"elasticsearch":true},"markup":"\n<article class=\"card card--video\">\n\t<div class=\"row\">\n\t\t<div class=\"col col-12 col-md-8\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"card-body\">\n\t\t\t\t<span id=\"1102620-asset-type-label\" class=\"card__label d-block pb-2 text-neutral-300 font-weight-semibold text-uppercase small\">\n\t\t\t\t\tVideo\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"card__heading h3 m-0 pb-2\" aria-describedby=\"1102620-asset-type-label\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<a\n\t\t\t\t\t\tclass=\"text-decoration-none\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bi-cN=\"Low latency carbon budget 2023\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bi-id=\"1102620\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bi-type=\"video\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bi-tN=\"search-result-card\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\thref=\"https:\/\/www.microsoft.com\/en-us\/research\/video\/low-latency-carbon-budget-2023\/\"\n\t\t\t\t\t>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span>Low latency carbon budget 2023<\/span> <span class=\"glyph-prepend glyph-prepend-small glyph-prepend-chevron-right\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/h3>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"card__meta\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"m-0 pb-2\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<time class=\"card__date\" datetime=\"2024-11-11\">November 11, 2024<\/time>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span> | <\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"card__byline\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.microsoft.com\/en-us\/research\/people\/jiabia\/\">Jiang Bian<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.microsoft.com\/en-us\/research\/people\/xiaofangui\/\">Xiaofan Gui<\/a>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<p>In 2023, global land carbon sinks\u2014the Earth\u2019s forests, soils, and vegetation that absorb CO2\u2014experienced a dramatic decline, as revealed by a study published in National Science Review by several international research teams. Using dynamic global…<\/p>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"card__thumbnail col col-12 col-md-4 pt-3 pt-md-0\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"embed-responsive embed-responsive-16by9 bg-black\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"embed-responsive-item\" href=\"https:\/\/www.microsoft.com\/en-us\/research\/video\/low-latency-carbon-budget-2023\/\" aria-label=\"Watch the video for: "Low latency carbon budget 2023"\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<img width=\"1024\" height=\"576\" src=\"https:\/\/www.microsoft.com\/en-us\/research\/uploads\/prod\/2024\/11\/GcAqDBNhYb8-1024x576.jpg\" class=\"embed-responsive-item img-object-contain wp-post-image\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.microsoft.com\/en-us\/research\/uploads\/prod\/2024\/11\/GcAqDBNhYb8-1024x576.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.microsoft.com\/en-us\/research\/uploads\/prod\/2024\/11\/GcAqDBNhYb8-300x169.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.microsoft.com\/en-us\/research\/uploads\/prod\/2024\/11\/GcAqDBNhYb8-768x432.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.microsoft.com\/en-us\/research\/uploads\/prod\/2024\/11\/GcAqDBNhYb8-1066x600.jpg 1066w, https:\/\/www.microsoft.com\/en-us\/research\/uploads\/prod\/2024\/11\/GcAqDBNhYb8-655x368.jpg 655w, https:\/\/www.microsoft.com\/en-us\/research\/uploads\/prod\/2024\/11\/GcAqDBNhYb8-240x135.jpg 240w, https:\/\/www.microsoft.com\/en-us\/research\/uploads\/prod\/2024\/11\/GcAqDBNhYb8-640x360.jpg 640w, https:\/\/www.microsoft.com\/en-us\/research\/uploads\/prod\/2024\/11\/GcAqDBNhYb8-960x540.jpg 960w, https:\/\/www.microsoft.com\/en-us\/research\/uploads\/prod\/2024\/11\/GcAqDBNhYb8.jpg 1280w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"d-flex align-items-center m-2 px-2 position-absolute bottom-0 right-0 bg-black\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"pt-1 glyph-prepend glyph-prepend-video\"><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"pl-1\">02:27<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n<\/article>\n"},{"data":{"ID":1096692,"post_author":43518,"post_date":"2024-10-24 08:14:56","post_date_gmt":"2024-10-24 15:14:56","post_content":"\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img src=\"https:\/\/www.microsoft.com\/en-us\/research\/uploads\/prod\/2024\/10\/Angela-and-Vaishnavi_Intern_Insights_Hero_Feature_No_Text_1400x788-1.jpg\" alt=\"Outline illustrations of Angela Busheska, an undergraduate engineering student at Lafayette College and Vaishnavi Ranganathan, a Senior Researcher at Microsoft.\" class=\"wp-image-1097145\"\/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n\n\n<p>Every year, interns from academic institutions around the world apply and grow their knowledge as members of the research community at Microsoft. In this Microsoft Research Podcast series, these students join their internship supervisors to share their experience working alongside some of the leading researchers in their respective fields. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>In this episode, <a href=\"https:\/\/angelabusheska.com\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Angela Busheska<\/a>, an undergraduate engineering student at Lafayette College, talks to Senior Researcher <a href=\"https:\/\/www.microsoft.com\/en-us\/research\/people\/vnattar\/?msockid=35739e94ab6c69d41b738b93aa076831\">Vaishnavi Ranganathan<\/a> about her work on TerraTrace, a platform that brings together statistics and large language models to track land use over time for agricultural and forestry applications. Busheska discusses the personal loss that drew her to climate activism, the chain of events that led to a memorable face-to-face meeting with Microsoft\u2019s chief sustainability officer, and her advice for going after the internship you want and making the experience count. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column\" style=\"flex-basis:61%\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img src=\"https:\/\/www.microsoft.com\/en-us\/research\/uploads\/prod\/2024\/10\/AB-Seattle.jpeg\" alt=\"Angela Busheska standing to the left of the Microsoft sign on the Microsoft campus in Redmond, Washington.\" class=\"wp-image-1096734\"\/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Angela Busheska, pictured on the Microsoft campus in Redmond, Washington, was a part of the Microsoft Research Undergraduate Research Intern Program. During her time in the internship program, she helped develop a platform for tracking land use across time for agricultural and forestry applications. <\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img src=\"https:\/\/www.microsoft.com\/en-us\/research\/uploads\/prod\/2024\/10\/Bloomberg-Green-Festival.jpg\" alt=\"Angela Busheska and Melanie Nakagawa standing in front of a fence \" class=\"wp-image-1096740\"\/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">During her internship, Busheska met with Microsoft Chief Sustainability Officer Melanie Nakagawa at the Bloomberg Green Festival in Seattle and spoke with the Microsoft executive about her sustainability work. <\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group msr-pattern-link-list\">\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading h5\" id=\"learn-more-1\">Learn more:<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list list-unstyled\">\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/github.com\/Angelaangie-ai\/terra_trace\/tree\/main\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">TerraTrace<\/a><br>GitHub repo<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.microsoft.com\/en-us\/research\/project\/project-farmvibes\/\">Project FarmVibes<\/a><br>Project homepage<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.microsoft.com\/en-us\/research\/project\/foodvibes\/\">Project FoodVibes<\/a><br>Project homepage<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:20px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"transcript-1\">Transcript<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>[TEASER] <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>[MUSIC PLAYS UNDER DIALOGUE] <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>ANGELA BUSHESKA: <\/strong>Being in New York while working with people from Seattle and Brazil allowed me to have a broad range of people that I had a chance to meet. So, like, the New York office, it is very specifically focused on economics and social aspects that I'm not an expert on, but having a lunch with these people every single day, I had a chance to learn a lot. Being in Seattle and meeting with interns and researchers in Seattle, I had a chance to learn how other projects came to life. With <em>our<\/em> meetings, I realized how FarmVibes and FoodVibes were once just, like, a small idea and now are these huge projects. So having a chance to understand the history of all the things around me was a great way to see how <em>I<\/em> am able to build something for the future.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>[TEASER ENDS]<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>[MUSIC FADES]<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>VAISHNAVI RANGANATHAN:<\/strong> Hey, everyone, welcome to <em>Intern Insights<\/em>, a Microsoft Research Podcast featuring some of the brilliant students who are contributing to research and advances at Microsoft as a part of the renowned internship program at Microsoft Research. I'm Dr. Vaishnavi Ranganathan, a senior researcher at Microsoft Research with a passion for leveraging sensing and wireless technology to help address global challenges in health, environment, and sustainability. Today, I'm speaking with my intern, Angela Busheska, about her work this summer and her experience as a Microsoft Research intern. Angela, welcome to the podcast. So I've had the pleasure of getting to know you this summer not only in the capacity as a student and researcher but also as a person. So to start with, why don't you introduce yourself. Tell the audience a little bit about <em>yourself<\/em>\u2014where you're from, your academic background, what excites you in research, and most importantly, outside studies, what do you enjoy doing?<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n<p><strong>ANGELA BUSHESKA: <\/strong>Yeah, absolutely. Thank you so much for having me. Super excited to be here and super excited to have spent three months\u2014time flies!\u2014 as a researcher along with the project. So my name is Angela. I am originally from North Macedonia, a very small country next to Greece in the Balkans. And I spent my first, like, 16 years thinking that I would become a mathematician, really focused on math Olympiads. And then I moved to the capital city of my country, which is Skopje, North Macedonia, and that year, in 2019, we had the greatest pollution. We were, like, on the top of every single list in terms of pollution, but honestly, I didn't care. I was like, I'm going to do, like, math Olympiads, win every medal. I moved in with my aunt, who was living very close to the city center, and she had a lot of cardiovascular difficulties. And then this air pollution clogged her blood, and she passed away. And that was the moment when I saw like, I love math, but this air pollution took my aunt, so I <em>have<\/em> to do something. So I made the hard decision that junior year going into senior year to cut my participation in math Olympiads after seven great years there and focus on the climate. I really just started to understand where is the pollution coming from in my area. I started to realize that fast fashion had a huge influence, and then that's why I started, like, getting into this field, getting into research, started a climate tech nonprofit called EnRoute, where our mission is to debunk the fast fashion supply chain and let people but also corporations know what is behind their clothes. So we, kind of, help both sides. We help people with their shopping choices, but we help a lot of corporations and policy to understand either what's behind their supply chain and change it or how to better communicate their supply chain because there's a lot of greenwashing that is happening in this space. So it really started as a rag-tag group of teenagers, and this is my fifth year working at it. So I really had a passion for both understanding the research side of it and the nonprofit, like, getting people to learn more about it. So I think that marked really my presence. And then coming into the US in 2021, I started to study both electrical engineering and computer science just because I love this intersection of building and doing stuff in practice and a way to apply my math knowledge into real life.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>RANGANATHAN: <\/strong>Wow, so early in life you have such amazing goals. That's impressive. So, Angela, we connected after Madeleine Daepp, a researcher who was involved in the intern selection process, introduced your work and your passion for sustainability to me. I saw your passion for this area and, you know, your enthusiasm in the first conversation\u2014we were already working on ideas, right! I knew I had to work with you. But for you, there are many other internship opportunities. I would love to know what excited you the most about Microsoft Research.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>BUSHESKA: <\/strong>Absolutely. Yeah. So as I said, like, I started getting into this area of sustainability by myself. I really didn't have a structured way to learn. So when I heard that there is an opportunity from people who have, like, previously worked in this area, are doctors in this area, to learn along them, that was definitely one. But also throughout my life, I had like entrepreneurship stints. I was selling lemonade when I was [LAUGHS] 6 years old; started a nonprofit. And this was a great opportunity for me to start a zero-to-one project while being an intern, which is, I would say, a once-in-a-lifetime chance. We had a chance to define the problem, see solution, try things. I was not part of just one project or building one feature. I had a chance to drive it along you and the team. So that was, I think, the main reason why.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>RANGANATHAN:<\/strong> I'm glad we were able to attract your attention here. [LAUGHS] Before we get into specifics on, you know, exactly what we did this summer, I'd like for us to talk a bit about your internship setup, right. I think it allowed for some really unique experiences, and, you know, I would love to have you share your internship highlights. I think there is one in particular that I'm thinking about, which I really hope you'll share.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>BUSHESKA: <\/strong>Absolutely. I would say this was an internship like no other experience I've had in the past. So just for context, I was interning in New York while part of the team being in Brazil, part of the team\u2014you and the other researchers\u2014being in Redmond, a couple of other researchers, like, being technically in New York. So I had a chance to interact with all of these different time zones. Also for an additional context, I was a part of undergrad research internship group where they brought us to Seattle from New York\u2014and also there are other interns from Boston\u2014to spend like a week and learn more about Microsoft, Microsoft Research, the leadership. So that was an incredible opportunity. Also, I had a great opportunity prior to that to come to the team meeting to see farms in real life, interact with farmers, interact with the team in person, which was also another great opportunity. And I'll come to the one that you're referring [to] here [LAUGHS]. So the second time when I was, like, visiting Seattle, I remember a week prior, it was Friday, we were finishing up some stuff. You actually pointed out that I should definitely message some of the leadership people to interact with them and hear their insights. And it was EST time zone, somewhere around 8 when I left the office, and I shoot an email to the chief sustainability officer, Melanie Nakagawa. I was like, \u201cHey, my name is Angela. I'm a research intern. I have worked in, like, fast fashion in the past. Now I'm working with Vaishnavi and the team on this food project. I\u2019d really love to meet you next week. [LAUGHS] I'm coming for like three days.\u201d I sent that email. I was like, there's no way I'm getting response from this. And then on Sunday, I traveled to Seattle. And I remember during the first day, assistant of the chief sustainability officer says, like, there is this Bloomberg Green Festival that is happening in Seattle on Thursday, and we would love for you to come and meet Melanie. It was, like, I don't know. It was like real life or not. I really couldn't \u2026 it took a lot of time to process. And after that, one thing additional that was a barrier was how to get into this festival because this festival had a ticket of like $300, $400. And I think that by that time everything was sold out. So I was like, I would love to, but I cannot just get into the Bloomberg Green Festival without a badge. So then I realized there is this sustainability community at Microsoft that is like 8,000 employees or something, and they got badges previously for the festival, and everyone who is working there can just get the basic badge just to get into. So I emailed a couple of people from there; they set [me up] with a badge. Huge props also to the undergraduate research team who extended my stay for a day because I was supposed to leave for New York the other day. So a couple of miracles happened there. I had a chance to go to the Bloomberg Green Festival, had a chance to meet with Melanie and her assistant, Tyler, who was working also in this area of sustainability in her presence on, like, these events. It really goes to say how an undergrad intern can, like, meet with leadership and learn from the leadership to the place and the opportunities we had during this internship. Thank you so much Melanie and Tyler for taking out the time at the Bloomberg Green Festival. I know it was a super packed day for both of you, but thank you so much for taking the time.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>RANGANATHAN: <\/strong>Thank you for sharing that. I want to point out something. It's amazing how the leadership makes time and they really value every person's work, and that's an internship which is accounted for now, right, and you know your work is meaningful to the company. I think Microsoft is so big that people don't realize there's this community of 8,000 people in sustainability often, so it's amazing. It blows my mind every single time, and kudos to you for following up on my late-night comment. [LAUGHS] Um, Angela, so this internship falls under larger efforts within Microsoft Research to establish a sustainable agriculture and food supply chain, a project that we know as FoodVibes. In your work this summer, you focus specifically on enabling technology to meet the new European Union's regulation around deforestation-free products. Could you tell us, in your words, about these regulations and how you think the work can aid in their implementation?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>BUSHESKA: <\/strong>Absolutely, yeah. So the European Union\u2019s regulation on deforestation-free products, also known as EUDR, is a legislation that will prevent food linked to deforestation to enter European Union borders<a href=\"#_ftn1\" id=\"_ftnref1\">[1]<\/a>. But how will the border officials know if something is coming from a deforested area or not? On another side, it's also the farmers from this area who don't know what exactly is a deforested area, especially the ones who moved after maybe an area has been deforested. So there are a lot of questions around there, and I think that getting into and understanding the problem was a huge part to continue after that in building the solution.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>RANGANATHAN: <\/strong>Yeah, and I believe that having a large team here really helped because we all often had discussions around many of these areas and we really valued your inputs and how you participated in these discussions, right. So through your internship, we've seen that there are a variety of tools, you know, and vegetation metrics at our disposal to help determine what exists on a plot of land because that's what we want to identify. There's, like, satellite imagery. We get the normalized difference vegetation index, and then there\u2019s the USDA's cropland data layer, which exists purely for the US. But, you know, we are getting an incomplete picture here, at least as it pertains to this particular use case. How do you think TerraTrace brings these pieces together, and what are some of the specific challenges or motivations of the core of your work?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>BUSHESKA: <\/strong>Absolutely. Yeah, I think, like, a couple of the first weeks, we tried these great machine learning models, and one thing we realized is that when we have, like, orchards, and when we had pine trees, and then when we had, like, regular forest, all of them are classified the same, which was a really great light saying, like, yeah, these are great. These are models that are trained by millions of data. They still don't work as we want to. And also, I think that in an era where everyone is, like, training big great models, we kind of decided to take another route and say like, models are great. What if we go step by step and maybe we don't need a full model round. Maybe we can go step by step to a certain point to try to understand deeply. And I think I'm really grateful that we took this direction because we had a chance to understand at a granular level what is actually happening. Here we had, like, we were lucky at the beginning to work with farms in Washington. We had, like, an actual farmer who was in the team who we have, like, pictures and we had all the data. So that was a great ground truth for us to understand, OK, this is how the vegetation looks on a farm. This is how the vegetation looks on a forest across years. So we had these snapshots and then from then on, we just moved along to say, well, if we know about this, what's happening in Washington, how we can scale now to other places in the US. We looked deeply into California just because it has a lot of, like, agricultural diversity. And I think that this step-by-step level brought us to create TerraTrace. TerraTrace is a platform where one can enter, like, the coordinates of a farm and see what has been happening on a given piece of land across time. Now, TerraTrace combines a couple of different things. It combines mathematical results, combines LLMs, and combines just, like, the basic information of risk. And I think this is good just because it's not a heavy computational platform that we have. And if we need to use it on, like, a couple of years from now on a farm, we technically can. If we need to use it, like, in a legal office, we can. Just because it doesn't depend a lot on data and it's, like, easily portable, which is another plus, and differentiator compared to what exists outside.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>RANGANATHAN: <\/strong>Do you want to share a little bit about the signature curves that you identified?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>BUSHESKA: <\/strong>Absolutely. So when I just, like, realized \u2026 there is a metric called NDVI (Normalized Difference Vegetation Index), which is basically measuring vegetation. It is a time series of vegetation. What we did with NDVI is we tried to, like, measure it across time on different places. And I think in coffee, it had the greatest impact. Just because there was a coffee in Vietnam, coffee in Honduras, completely two different places. And then when we analyzed and saw the shapes, we were like, wow, they are completely two different places; however, they still follow the same trend and that was a great calling to say, like, this is a greater metric. Maybe if, like, vision computer models failed, this is something that is, like, very rudimentary. You wouldn't expect that just a very simple index would calculate that, but we saw it working for a lot of different places, and I'm particularly grateful for the places that were not together at the same place.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>RANGANATHAN: <\/strong>Yeah, and I think, like, looking at this, like, temporal, over-time picture is the unique aspect of what you built and that was what unlocked it for us, right. So you hinted at this. In developing the TerraTrace platform, you ended up combining large language models, or LLMs, and statistics. What did you like about this approach? What did each bring to the table? How did it contribute to your ultimate goal? Could you share a bit about?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>BUSHESKA: <\/strong>As I said, like, at the beginning, I'm a huge math person, and I truly believe that math has more power than we credit today for. So one thing that I started building, when I started building, I was just, how can we get as much information as possible without LLMs and then give it to the LLMs? That was kind of the approach that I started. So we have this, as you mentioned previously, crop data layer that was the base truth. So I could always go back and compare to see if it has, like, if we are doing the same thing. Then we had the signature curves that we could compare to base signature curves to understand, OK, it's coffee or it's a farm. And now when we were having a farm, we had a problem because corn looked the same as wheat. Multiple crops look the same. So I needed something more to differentiate what exactly is there. So by math, I managed to understand like the growth rate, the fallout rate, what is the percentage when the curve is up, how much percentage is down so every insight that we could get by just basic statistics. And after that, all this combined knowledge was given to the LLM to, kind of, just confirm that the math is right and give us, OK, greater insight into, well, your math is good, and after that, based on your math and everything the LLM knows, well, there is this probability that it's corn and after that we came to the crop data layer to say, yep, it's corn. Referring to corn just because this was our example demo. Also, LLMs are changing very rapidly today, so like GPT-4, GPT-4 Turbo, expecting a GPT-5, so constant development needs to be done, and I think that if something is, like, changed and doesn't work in the platform, one thing that will always work is the statistics. So having something to always refer to was a very interesting process.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>RANGANATHAN: <\/strong>Yeah, I really appreciate, you know, how we had the focus on, hey, let's do what we can with math first because, after all, this is a sustainability project, right?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>BUSHESKA: <\/strong>Exactly.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>RANGANATHAN:<\/strong> So LLMs were great at summarizing this, taking all the data and, like, giving you the outputs. I think that was a very interesting approach, too. So there are several existing pieces of work we've seen in this area. We've relied on a lot of literature in this specific application, right, that ended up havingauthors who were affiliated with Microsoft. Could you share a little bit about those works that we drew on and how we leveraged the Microsoft connections?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>BUSHESKA: <\/strong>Absolutely. One thing that was something I was not expecting was reading the papers and then hopping on a call with the authors. So one thing that I would credit is first we understood \u2026 there was this, like, GeoLLM group. They actually had a presentation in our weekly meeting for the group. So it was, like, me just staying in the presentation and trying to learn. And the other day, they send out like, this is a research paper; take a look at it. And after, like, we realized that the majority of the authors were in the same building as you actually, we had a great chance to, like, meet, like, with them and understand how \u2026<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>RANGANATHAN: <\/strong>This is SatCLIP, right?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>BUSHESKA: <\/strong>\u2026 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.microsoft.com\/en-us\/research\/publication\/satclip-global-general-purpose-location-embeddings-with-satellite-imagery\/?msockid=35739e94ab6c69d41b738b93aa076831\">SatCLIP<\/a> and <a href=\"https:\/\/arxiv.org\/abs\/2404.15500v1\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">GeoLLM<\/a>, both of them. Trying to understand, like, how they have built it, what they have built, why, how they are planning to continue, how I am able to use it. And, actually, because when you're reading a paper and you're reading GitHub repo, it's one thing. [LAUGHTER] When you're speaking with the author and seeing, like, this is why we've built it, here's the limitations, be careful how you're using it, it's completely another thing. So I am really grateful for this situation. But also, not only, like, inside of Microsoft, we also had a chance to work with a lot of other folks. For example, we read a lot of papers from research groups in universities. And because our interns came from these universities, it was, like, great to understand from them also what they have built.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>RANGANATHAN:<\/strong> Nice, and the other interns whom you worked with, which we'll come to. So for this specific work, we were motivated by the use case. What were some of your findings, and also how are you envisioning this work as a foundation for other supply-chain or even, you know, broader sustainability scenarios and even beyond those fields that you can think of?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>BUSHESKA:<\/strong> Yeah, so one thing that we, as a conclusion, came out from here is that signature curves are not just by look. When we tested that with a lot of different other signature curves, we realized, OK, this is true because in most of the cases, they worked. Obviously we had some failures, like citrus signature curves didn't work because of other reasons that happened on the farm. But for most of them, we got same results on what's happened with the signature curves with what happens actually on the farm, which is a great way to further this exploration here. Another thing that we realize from this project is now the group previously has worked on trying to understand supply chain, like having the tracking part and having this code to track along the journey, but we were missing the part on what happened on the land. And now that we have this additional way to understand what happened on the land, I think it is a full system of starting this is what happened on the land, this is what happened across the road, and this is where it is now, so that not only EUDR, but even, like, customers in the future will know where their food is coming from, which is that total part of sustainability that we want to get to. Because I think that at this point, we know the challenges, we know the climate change challenges that we are having, and the more information we have, the better decisions we and policymakers would be able to make.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>RANGANATHAN:<\/strong> And I think we realized this and you can chime in, Angela, but I feel that the traceability is a vehicle for data. What you build is a means to take all that data and make it meaningful to people, right. Like what does NDVI mean? I have no idea as a layperson, so you can actually get that information out. There were also a few other use cases that you gleaned out of your data input, right. Like wildfire was one of them. Would you like to share a little bit about that?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>BUSHESKA:<\/strong> Yes, so we were looking specifically about California, specifically about 2020, which was a season of very, very bad wildfires. And we could see by measuring this vegetation how, like, wildfires affected these regions. Like, you could see how vegetation was dropping very quickly from a great number of one to just, like, flat zero just because everything was there burned. So seeing firsthand on these curves and after that linking up to a lot of other background wildfire data was a good check-in. Like, you could see that it's not a person deforestation; it's a wildfire deforestation. And also it is really helpful for risk estimation as we go further along. We could see, like, this past year climate change effects are there. It's not just like this fancy term in the future. It is there. So I think that having a chance to see in the past and having these models, it's also giving us a preview for the future. Because ultimately we want this greater food yield so that more and more people can enjoy healthy food. So having a chance to predict the risk would help us to save more food and, yeah, care better about our planet and our people.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>RANGANATHAN:<\/strong> I think there's a lot of potential. The more information you have, the more applications in sustainability you can build. This is merely, like, a footstool to launch it off, right. You\u2019ve said one of the things you'll miss most from your internship is the density of smart people in the building and in the company. Over the course of your internship, what did you learn? How did your actual experience compare to, like, expectations you had for it?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>BUSHESKA:<\/strong> I think it exceeded every single expectation that I had because I would say when you mentioned the density of smart people, it was really incredible to have\u2014and I think that this \u2026 maybe my very interesting connection of being in New York while working with people from Seattle and Brazil allowed me to have a broad range of people that I had, like, had a chance to meet. So, like, the New York office, it is very specifically focused on economics and social aspects that I'm not an expert on, but having a lunch with these people every single day, I had a chance to learn a lot about how, like, human data is provisioned. They were building a lot of things for, like, Microsoft's new projects and new products that are, like, the Copilot and the computers, so I had a chance to hear about those perspectives. Being in Seattle and meeting with interns and researchers in Seattle, I had a chance to learn not only about the farms perspective but also how other projects came to life. With our meetings, I realized how FarmVibes and FoodVibes were once just, like, a small idea and now are these huge projects. So having a chance to understand the history of all the things around me was a great way to see how <em>I<\/em> am able to build something for the future. And also maybe another thing is the collaboration that happens. As I said, I was, like, surrounded by a lot of socioeconomic people\u2014that I am not really an expert in\u2014but they were really great with providing me advice from an area I would never think of. So when I was speaking, like, from farms to someone who is in economics, they would raise another point on how this can hurt or help economy or to look at it from another side, which is all great perspectives to have when you're creating a research from scratch. That's why I really, like, referred to entrepreneurship previously because I feel like even though was an intern, I really had a chance to shape the project in a way that I would get all these insights from people and then obviously decide how to go further.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>RANGANATHAN:<\/strong> Yeah, and I want to add summer with interns is the highest energy level at MSR (Microsoft Research) and the best time of my year at Microsoft. So having successfully completed your internship, what advice do you have for our audience, you know, when it comes to applying for an internship like this in industry and then getting the most out of that experience?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>BUSHESKA:<\/strong> I would say one of the things that really maybe helped me through the process is, like, working obviously, in an area that I was really passionate about. But another thing, and especially this is coming specifically for the marginalized communities in tech\u2014although I would say MSR is doing a great job in having this balance. But I'm coming from a liberal arts college where we have, like, two girls that are studying electrical engineering\u2014so having this disbalance can in some ways, like, I don\u2019t know, put you, \u201cI'm not good enough\u201d and all this imposter syndrome. So maybe one thing is definitely, like, reach out to people. And something that I really learned heavily from you is reach out. There is nothing you can lose. Most of the time, it is just \u2026 getting a no is maybe the hardest answer that you will get. So having a chance to ask is always a good idea. Obviously, don't go to, like, every single executive to ask questions, even though it paid out\u2014it paid out [LAUGHTER]\u2014and just, like, ask for help from the people around you. Ask to learn. I realized, like, researchers <em>really<\/em> want to speak about what they have worked on previously. So whenever you get a chance to ask them about their past project, they're super eager to tell you about like their grad days and how they have become what they are now. So that was also great. And in terms of applying, I think I would \u2026 when I applied for this, I was like, there's no chance I will be able to get in. But for me, as an introvert turned into an extrovert\u2014fun fact, I was a big introvert in the past who turned into an extrovert just because of my work\u2014it's like if you don't apply, there's a 100 percent chance that you're not going to get in. So, like, when I interviewed, after my first interview, I was like, yeah, there is, like, no chance. Because, like, I presented the projects, but I was like, there are so many other students who I know that are working in these areas and then it happened and then I'm here recording this podcast. I remember it was Thanksgiving break when I applied for this internship. If I was like, no\u2014if I self-rejected myself previously, yeah, this would never have happened. So I would say for all interns out there, just, like, don't self-reject yourself. Let them reject you. [LAUGHTER] It's my really advice.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>RANGANATHAN:<\/strong> And, yeah, have more confidence. I'm glad you applied and you joined us because this was a highlight of the summer for us, this was, right. So your work with Microsoft Research is one of your several projects. You've been involved with many other things, right. What else do you have going on? How does it contribute to the impact you're looking to have at this point in your life?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>BUSHESKA:<\/strong> Yeah. So one thing that I realized in the past four years is that I started \u2026 so my, like, journey was very, I would say, interesting and not predictable just because when I, like, graduated from high school, I got trapped by all the COVID pandemic. I couldn't fly into the US just because of all the visa regulations. It was like, OK, a gap year at home, which if you asked any of my friends before, I was never the person who would take a gap year. So staying that year really, like, without a school or official job was the chance for me to just look at and start my nonprofit, EnRoute. From then on, I worked with policy. We worked at the UN. We even went to Hollywood in March to speak about, like, fast fashion. So I realized there is no one way to make an impact. So I was really glad to join research, to join policy, and speak wherever I can. I think now I'm getting back into my senior year of college. Time flies. And something that I am, like, looking definitely into is how to continue my research in this area, where I most probably would love to be through grad school. Having a chance also to push further this project just because I think that speaking out and sharing research is one of the, like, greatest things we can do, like referring to all the other times when I was speaking on conferences. It will be magical for someone to respond with positive and negative feedback and maybe even can create a collaboration for us to move forward. So that is definitely something that I'm looking forward to. So definitely this area is something that I got in by mistake. I got in really just by \u2026 because I had that great time in my senior year to spend more time research, but it definitely something that marked my life at this point. And I think that, like, whatever route I pursue will be to fight climate change in any way or another.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>RANGANATHAN:<\/strong> I want to point out we are also planning to open source this and you hope to work with people, you know, to get it in the hands of people who need it and could benefit from it most, right.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>BUSHESKA:<\/strong> Absolutely.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>RANGANATHAN: <\/strong>So that's a great direction. I think every year our undergraduate researchers set a new bar in my life expectations. And I thank you for that. This year is another bump up. So, yeah, you are a senior, Angela. What's next for you, and what's next for your research and work?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>BUSHESKA:<\/strong> Yeah, so this will be a fall really spent with a lot of applications because of, like, graduate school. Definitely something that I'm looking forward, especially graduate school in this area. So we kind of spent a lot of time living in an era of GPT wrappers, and I think when there is a product out there that is really based on research, it can make a tremendous impact. As I said, I am really a person who loves to experiment and do things. So something out there is definitely either, like, having a research that is spun out of this or having perhaps a startup down the line that is based in this area and helping millions of people around the world is definitely something I'm looking forward. Because I saw the impact when you're helping other people, and I think that is the best thing that one person can do. So I was really excited to do it with all of you this summer and obviously continuing on to open source this project obviously for feedback but also for real use. And if we can help with something, that will be amazing. Hopefully getting these out to conferences around the world. And, yeah, see where it can take us.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>RANGANATHAN:<\/strong> Yeah, I have one last question for you. You had some interesting intern mentors, myself included, and then Bruno Silva, who sits in Brazil, Peder Olsen, and Solon Barocas. Do you have anything to say to all of them? [LAUGHS]<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>BUSHESKA:<\/strong> Yeah, I would say a big thank-you for keeping up with my questions. As all the listeners can probably see, I'm a person who really speaks a lot, even more than needed sometimes. So I would say I had a great balance because I was in a time zone that was between Brazil and Redmond. So I would spend a lot of my mornings, especially in the beginning\u2014huge shoutout to Bruno for dealing with all of my technical questions [LAUGHS]. It was my first time setting up a lot of research clusters. We should not forget also the people at Microsoft who are dealing with all of the GPUs and stuff because I think that managing all of these researchers for all the people out there is a hard job. So having a chance to communicate and also understand. Even though I study electrical engineering, I never had a chance to deeply understand how they're used in real life. Speaking also with people from all different walks of life because Peder, my other mentor, was someone who has been really experienced in this area, so he would reference projects from I don't know how many years, and it was, like, so fun to see the history, to see his previous experiences come to life. You don't every single day get to have like three or four mentors from all different areas and aspects. So I'm really grateful that I had a chance to talk and also get called when things were not right so we can make them better and more correct for the people that will use this project.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>RANGANATHAN:<\/strong> I'll tell them you said thank you. So, Angela, I think we are coming to a close here. Thank you so much for taking the time to share your experience with us. It's been a pleasure to work with you, and I really look forward to seeing what the future holds for you and what amazing things you're going to achieve. So thank you. Closing out.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>[MUSIC] <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>BUSHESKA:<\/strong> Thank you so much. Really appreciate to have this opportunity. And for everyone that is, like, working in this area, for every future intern that is doubting themselves, feel free to find me out there and, like, ask. Always happy to help people, always happy to chat sustainability with people. So thank you so much.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>[MUSIC FADES]<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<p><a id=\"_ftn1\" href=\"#_ftnref1\">[1]<\/a> For more information, see <a href=\"https:\/\/environment.ec.europa.eu\/topics\/forests\/deforestation\/regulation-deforestation-free-products_en\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">\"Regulation on Deforestation-free products\" on the European Commission website<\/a>.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Intern Insights: Vaishnavi Ranganathan with Angela Busheska","post_excerpt":"Undergrad Angela Busheska has a passion for sustainability. She talks with researcher Vaishnavi Ranganathan about the why behind her drive, the work she did at Microsoft on a platform for tracking land use, and her advice for making the internship experience count.\u00a0","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"intern-insights-vaishnavi-ranganathan-with-angela-busheska","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2024-11-06 12:04:54","post_modified_gmt":"2024-11-06 20:04:54","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":0,"filter":"raw","site_id":1,"permalink":"https:\/\/www.microsoft.com\/en-us\/research\/podcast\/intern-insights-vaishnavi-ranganathan-with-angela-busheska\/","terms":{"category":[{"term_id":240054,"slug":"msr-podcast","name":"Microsoft Research Podcast","parent":0,"term_taxonomy_id":240072,"term_order":0,"facet":"{\"term_id\":240054,\"slug\":\"msr-podcast\",\"name\":\"Microsoft Research Podcast\",\"parent\":0,\"term_taxonomy_id\":240072,\"term_order\":0}"}],"msr-research-area":[{"term_id":13556,"slug":"artificial-intelligence","name":"Artificial intelligence","parent":0,"term_taxonomy_id":13556,"term_order":0,"facet":"{\"term_id\":13556,\"slug\":\"artificial-intelligence\",\"name\":\"Artificial intelligence\",\"parent\":0,\"term_taxonomy_id\":13556,\"term_order\":0}"},{"term_id":198583,"slug":"ecology-environment","name":"Ecology and environment","parent":0,"term_taxonomy_id":198583,"term_order":0,"facet":"{\"term_id\":198583,\"slug\":\"ecology-environment\",\"name\":\"Ecology and environment\",\"parent\":0,\"term_taxonomy_id\":198583,\"term_order\":0}"}],"msr-locale":[{"term_id":268875,"slug":"en_us","name":"English","parent":0,"term_taxonomy_id":268920,"term_order":0,"facet":"{\"term_id\":268875,\"slug\":\"en_us\",\"name\":\"English\",\"parent\":0,\"term_taxonomy_id\":268920,\"term_order\":0}"}],"msr-post-option":[{"term_id":269148,"slug":"approved-for-river","name":"Approved for River","parent":0,"term_taxonomy_id":269193,"term_order":0,"facet":"{\"term_id\":269148,\"slug\":\"approved-for-river\",\"name\":\"Approved for River\",\"parent\":0,\"term_taxonomy_id\":269193,\"term_order\":0}"},{"term_id":269142,"slug":"include-in-river","name":"Include in River","parent":0,"term_taxonomy_id":269187,"term_order":0,"facet":"{\"term_id\":269142,\"slug\":\"include-in-river\",\"name\":\"Include in River\",\"parent\":0,\"term_taxonomy_id\":269187,\"term_order\":0}"},{"term_id":243990,"slug":"podcast-featured","name":"podcast-featured","parent":0,"term_taxonomy_id":244008,"term_order":0,"facet":"{\"term_id\":243990,\"slug\":\"podcast-featured\",\"name\":\"podcast-featured\",\"parent\":0,\"term_taxonomy_id\":244008,\"term_order\":0}"}],"msr-podcast-series":[{"term_id":268137,"slug":"intern-insights","name":"Intern Insights","parent":0,"term_taxonomy_id":268182,"term_order":0,"facet":"{\"term_id\":268137,\"slug\":\"intern-insights\",\"name\":\"Intern Insights\",\"parent\":0,\"term_taxonomy_id\":268182,\"term_order\":0}"}]},"meta":{"ep_exclude_from_search":[{"value":"","raw":"","boolean":false}]},"elasticsearch":true},"markup":"<article class=\"card card--post\">\n\t<div class=\"row\">\n\t\t<div class=\"col col-12 col-md-8\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"card-body\">\n\t\t\t\t<span id=\"1096692-asset-type-label\" class=\"card__label d-block pb-2 text-neutral-300 font-weight-semibold text-uppercase small\">\n\t\t\t\t\tPodcast\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"card__heading h3 m-0 pb-2\" aria-describedby=\"1096692-asset-type-label\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<a\n\t\t\t\t\t\tclass=\"text-decoration-none\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bi-cN=\"Intern Insights: Vaishnavi Ranganathan with Angela Busheska\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bi-id=\"1096692\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bi-type=\"blog-post\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bi-tN=\"search-result-card\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\thref=\"https:\/\/www.microsoft.com\/en-us\/research\/podcast\/intern-insights-vaishnavi-ranganathan-with-angela-busheska\/\"\n\t\t\t\t\t>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span>Intern Insights: Vaishnavi Ranganathan with Angela Busheska<\/span> <span class=\"glyph-prepend glyph-prepend-small glyph-prepend-chevron-right\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/h3>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"card__meta\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"m-0 pb-2\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<time class=\"card__date\" datetime=\"2024-10-24\">October 24, 2024<\/time>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<p>Undergrad Angela Busheska has a passion for sustainability. She talks with researcher Vaishnavi Ranganathan about the why behind her drive, the work she did at Microsoft on a platform for tracking land use, and her…<\/p>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"card__thumbnail col col-12 col-md-4 pt-3 pt-md-0\">\n\t\t\t\t<a class=\"d-block\" href=\"https:\/\/www.microsoft.com\/en-us\/research\/podcast\/intern-insights-vaishnavi-ranganathan-with-angela-busheska\/\" aria-label=\"Thumbnail for post: "Intern Insights: Vaishnavi Ranganathan with Angela Busheska"\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<img width=\"390\" height=\"219\" src=\"https:\/\/www.microsoft.com\/en-us\/research\/uploads\/prod\/2024\/10\/Angela-and-Vaishnavi_Intern_Insights_Hero_Feature_No_Text_1400x788-1.jpg\" class=\"mw-100 wp-post-image\" alt=\"Outline illustrations of Angela Busheska, an undergraduate engineering student at Lafayette College and Vaishnavi Ranganathan, a Senior Researcher at Microsoft.\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.microsoft.com\/en-us\/research\/uploads\/prod\/2024\/10\/Angela-and-Vaishnavi_Intern_Insights_Hero_Feature_No_Text_1400x788-1.jpg 1401w, https:\/\/www.microsoft.com\/en-us\/research\/uploads\/prod\/2024\/10\/Angela-and-Vaishnavi_Intern_Insights_Hero_Feature_No_Text_1400x788-1-300x169.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.microsoft.com\/en-us\/research\/uploads\/prod\/2024\/10\/Angela-and-Vaishnavi_Intern_Insights_Hero_Feature_No_Text_1400x788-1-1024x576.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.microsoft.com\/en-us\/research\/uploads\/prod\/2024\/10\/Angela-and-Vaishnavi_Intern_Insights_Hero_Feature_No_Text_1400x788-1-768x432.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.microsoft.com\/en-us\/research\/uploads\/prod\/2024\/10\/Angela-and-Vaishnavi_Intern_Insights_Hero_Feature_No_Text_1400x788-1-1066x600.jpg 1066w, https:\/\/www.microsoft.com\/en-us\/research\/uploads\/prod\/2024\/10\/Angela-and-Vaishnavi_Intern_Insights_Hero_Feature_No_Text_1400x788-1-655x368.jpg 655w, https:\/\/www.microsoft.com\/en-us\/research\/uploads\/prod\/2024\/10\/Angela-and-Vaishnavi_Intern_Insights_Hero_Feature_No_Text_1400x788-1-240x135.jpg 240w, https:\/\/www.microsoft.com\/en-us\/research\/uploads\/prod\/2024\/10\/Angela-and-Vaishnavi_Intern_Insights_Hero_Feature_No_Text_1400x788-1-640x360.jpg 640w, https:\/\/www.microsoft.com\/en-us\/research\/uploads\/prod\/2024\/10\/Angela-and-Vaishnavi_Intern_Insights_Hero_Feature_No_Text_1400x788-1-960x540.jpg 960w, https:\/\/www.microsoft.com\/en-us\/research\/uploads\/prod\/2024\/10\/Angela-and-Vaishnavi_Intern_Insights_Hero_Feature_No_Text_1400x788-1-1280x720.jpg 1280w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 390px) 100vw, 390px\" \/>\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n<\/article>\n"},{"data":{"ID":1097178,"post_author":43518,"post_date":"2024-10-24 08:04:55","post_date_gmt":"2024-10-24 15:04:55","post_content":"Understanding land use over time is critical to tracking events related to climate change, like deforestation. However, satellite-based remote sensing tools which are used for monitoring struggle to differentiate vegetation types in farms and orchards from forests. We observe that metrics such as the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), based on plant photosynthesis, have unique temporal signatures that reflect agricultural practices and seasonal cycles. We analyze yearly NDVI changes on 20 farms for 10 unique crops. Initial results show that NDVI curves are coherent with agricultural practices, are unique to each crop, consistent globally, and can differentiate farms from forests. We develop a novel longitudinal NDVI dataset for the state of California from 2020-2023 with 500~m resolution and over 70 million points. We use this to develop the TerraTrace platform, an end-to-end analytic tool that classifies land use using NDVI signatures and allows users to query the system through an LLM chatbot and graphical interface. ","post_title":"TerraTrace: Spatio-Temporal Signatures for Land Use Analytics","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"terratrace-spatio-temporal-signatures-for-land-use-analytics","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2024-10-24 08:09:16","post_modified_gmt":"2024-10-24 15:09:16","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"","menu_order":0,"post_type":"msr-research-item","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":0,"filter":"raw","site_id":1,"permalink":"https:\/\/github.com\/Angelaangie-ai\/terra_trace\/tree\/main","terms":{"msr-content-type":[{"term_id":5,"slug":"download","name":"Download","parent":0,"term_taxonomy_id":5,"term_order":0,"facet":"{\"term_id\":5,\"slug\":\"download\",\"name\":\"Download\",\"parent\":0,\"term_taxonomy_id\":5,\"term_order\":0}"}],"msr-research-area":[{"term_id":198583,"slug":"ecology-environment","name":"Ecology and environment","parent":0,"term_taxonomy_id":198583,"term_order":0,"facet":"{\"term_id\":198583,\"slug\":\"ecology-environment\",\"name\":\"Ecology and environment\",\"parent\":0,\"term_taxonomy_id\":198583,\"term_order\":0}"},{"term_id":13554,"slug":"human-computer-interaction","name":"Human-computer interaction","parent":0,"term_taxonomy_id":13554,"term_order":0,"facet":"{\"term_id\":13554,\"slug\":\"human-computer-interaction\",\"name\":\"Human-computer interaction\",\"parent\":0,\"term_taxonomy_id\":13554,\"term_order\":0}"},{"term_id":13568,"slug":"technology-for-emerging-markets","name":"Technology for emerging markets","parent":0,"term_taxonomy_id":13568,"term_order":0,"facet":"{\"term_id\":13568,\"slug\":\"technology-for-emerging-markets\",\"name\":\"Technology for emerging markets\",\"parent\":0,\"term_taxonomy_id\":13568,\"term_order\":0}"}],"msr-product-type":[{"term_id":243471,"slug":"platform","name":"Platform","parent":0,"term_taxonomy_id":243492,"term_order":0,"facet":"{\"term_id\":243471,\"slug\":\"platform\",\"name\":\"Platform\",\"parent\":0,\"term_taxonomy_id\":243492,\"term_order\":0}"}],"msr-license-type":[{"term_id":243162,"slug":"mit-license","name":"Open Source - 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However, satellite-based remote sensing tools which are used for monitoring struggle to differentiate vegetation types in farms and orchards…<\/p>\n\n\t\t\t\t<p class=\"base m-0 content-excerpt__links py-2\" data-bi-aN=\"quick-links\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\thref=\"https:\/\/github.com\/Angelaangie-ai\/terra_trace\/tree\/main\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tclass=\"font-weight-semibold text-decoration-none glyph-append glyph-append-xsmall glyph-append-chevron-right mr-3\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bi-cN=\"TerraTrace: Spatio-Temporal Signatures for Land Use Analytics\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bi-id=\"1097178\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bi-type=\"download\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bi-tN=\"search-result-card-download-glyph\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"icon icon-github medium position-relative mr-1 top-2\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"\">GitHub<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.microsoft.com\/en-us\/research\/project\/foodvibes\/\" class=\"quick-link__project glyph-append glyph-append-xsmall glyph-append-chevron-right font-weight-semibold text-decoration-none mr-3\" aria-label=\"Associated project: Project FoodVibes\" title=\"Project FoodVibes\" data-bi-type=\"project\" data-bi-cN=\"Project FoodVibes\" data-bi-id=\"924828\">\n\t\t\t\t<span class=\"icon medium icon-project position-relative mr-1 top-2\"><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t<span class=\"quick-link__text\">Project<\/span>\n\t\t\t<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.microsoft.com\/en-us\/research\/project\/project-farmvibes\/\" class=\"quick-link__project glyph-append glyph-append-xsmall glyph-append-chevron-right font-weight-semibold text-decoration-none mr-3\" aria-label=\"Associated project: Project FarmVibes\" title=\"Project FarmVibes\" data-bi-type=\"project\" data-bi-cN=\"Project FarmVibes\" data-bi-id=\"881235\">\n\t\t\t\t<span class=\"icon medium icon-project position-relative mr-1 top-2\"><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t<span class=\"quick-link__text\">Project<\/span>\n\t\t\t<\/a>\t\t\t\t<\/p>\n\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n<\/article>\n"},{"data":{"ID":1089702,"post_author":34031,"post_date":"2024-10-21 04:06:25","post_date_gmt":"2024-10-21 11:06:25","post_content":"\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"project-egypt\">Project Egypt<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p>Technology to enable widespread availability of greenhouse gas data and insights<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"what-is-project-egypt-focused-on\">What is Project Egypt focused on?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Greenhouse gas (GHG) concentrations have continued to grow, fueling the climate crisis. Yet, measuring GHG emissions efficiently and at scale remains surprisingly elusive due to the lack of geographically fine-grained data.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image alignleft size-large is-resized\"><img src=\"https:\/\/www.microsoft.com\/en-us\/research\/uploads\/prod\/2024\/10\/shutterstock_2246991385-1024x576.jpg\" alt=\"An enviromental sensor network\" class=\"wp-image-1093716\" style=\"width:547px;height:auto\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Project Egypt<\/strong> aims to develop technology to democratize GHG data through large-scale monitoring. Our goal is to quantify emissions with at least an order of magnitude lower cost and form-factor compared to state-of-the-art solutions, paving the way for extensive deployments of GHG sensor networks.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Project Egypt's vision includes<\/strong>:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Enable low-cost emission monitoring:<\/strong> By designing a practical GHG sensor with sufficient resolution, we aim to allow for precise source apportionment.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Wide deployment of low-cost GHG sensors:<\/strong> Provide real-time, hyper-local GHG emission monitoring to identify local, rural, and urban emission sources, evaluate their impact, provide measurable carbon footprint data, and monitor the effectiveness of actions over time.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Democratize GHG data:<\/strong> Making GHG data accessible and actionable for everyone.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:30px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"towards-low-cost-ghg-sensor-networks\">Towards low-cost GHG sensor networks<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Unlike air-quality sensors which are now cheap and common, GHG sensors remain expensive and bulky. Quantifying atmospheric emissions of gases such as methane or nitrous oxide, two of the potent GHG, still, requires expensive, lab-grade, complex instruments; monitoring stations are sparse. Acquiring, publishing and modeling data is a costly and time-consuming process.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image alignright size-full is-resized\"><img src=\"https:\/\/www.microsoft.com\/en-us\/research\/uploads\/prod\/2024\/10\/methane_ref.png\" alt=\"Departure from an idealized path to the 2c target. UN report on Global Methane Assessment\" class=\"wp-image-1093710\" style=\"width:483px;height:auto\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>Methane has 80 times the warming potential of CO2 in the near-term while nitrous oxide over 280 times. Currently, satellite-based efforts are typically used to map methane emissions and detect high-emitters. Such missions are invaluable but alone they cannot provide the hyper-local and real-time monitoring of GHG necessary to evaluate and address medium to smaller local sources or intermittent emitters. Miniaturised, low-cost technology will also be key to to enable scalable emission monitoring in parts of the world with limited resrouces and infrastructure.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column\">\n<p><strong>Sensor Technology.<\/strong> Project Egypt aims to develop miniaturized, low-cost greenhouse gas sensor technology leveraging Data-Center and Cloud technologies. Our goal is to de-risk technologies such as silicon-photonics to detect gases like methane at concentrations of a few parts-per-million (ppm) or lower. If successful, this will pave the way for increased sensor sensitivity and high-volume production using conventional CMOS fabrication infrastructure.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column\">\n<p><strong>Emission modelling through sensor networks.<\/strong> We are collaborating with academic partners to quantify the value of local emission measurements using a network of low-cost devices, with a current focus on methane. Traditional studies and models often rely on sparse deployment of expensive, high-resolution instruments. Our objective is to model the deployment of hundreds of low-cost devices across urban and rural areas of interest.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"you-cannot-manage-what-you-cannot-measure\">You cannot manage what you cannot measure!<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Project Egypt aims at revolutionizing the state of the art in GHG emission monitoring and accounting.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>The availability of real-time, local emission data will be crucial for the world's efforts against the climate crisis. Currently, such data is not available beyond small-scale, disconnected efforts due to high deployment and operational costs. This data can help tackle emission sources, aid scientists in understanding how the changing climate affects natural fluxes of GHG for sinks and sources, raise public awareness, and lead to effective government policies to limit emissions.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Focusing on methane, low-cost sensor networks for emission monitoring can unlock the necessary data in critical business sectors such as agriculture enabling them to implement more sustainable practices and reduce their carbon footprint.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:30px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"our-collaborators\">Our collaborators<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>The climate crisis is a global challenge that no single organization can tackle alone. GHG emission monitoring is no different. To turn our vision into reality, we are collaborating with leading experts across many areas, including high-precision laser spectroscopy and low-cost air quality environmental measurements.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-full\"><img src=\"https:\/\/www.microsoft.com\/en-us\/research\/uploads\/prod\/2024\/10\/Cranfield-University_logo-block_300x200.png\" alt=\"Cranfield University logo - collaborating on Project Egypt\" class=\"wp-image-1092693\" style=\"object-fit:cover\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-full\"><img src=\"https:\/\/www.microsoft.com\/en-us\/research\/uploads\/prod\/2020\/08\/university-of-cambridge_300x200.jpg\" alt=\"University of Cambridge logo\" class=\"wp-image-686286\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:30px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n","post_title":"Project Egypt","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"project-egypt","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2024-10-21 04:06:31","post_modified_gmt":"2024-10-21 11:06:31","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"","menu_order":0,"post_type":"msr-project","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":0,"filter":"raw","site_id":1,"permalink":"https:\/\/www.microsoft.com\/en-us\/research\/project\/project-egypt\/","terms":{"msr-research-area":[{"term_id":13556,"slug":"artificial-intelligence","name":"Artificial intelligence","parent":0,"term_taxonomy_id":13556,"term_order":0,"facet":"{\"term_id\":13556,\"slug\":\"artificial-intelligence\",\"name\":\"Artificial intelligence\",\"parent\":0,\"term_taxonomy_id\":13556,\"term_order\":0}"},{"term_id":13563,"slug":"data-platform-analytics","name":"Data platforms and analytics","parent":0,"term_taxonomy_id":13563,"term_order":0,"facet":"{\"term_id\":13563,\"slug\":\"data-platform-analytics\",\"name\":\"Data platforms and analytics\",\"parent\":0,\"term_taxonomy_id\":13563,\"term_order\":0}"},{"term_id":198583,"slug":"ecology-environment","name":"Ecology and environment","parent":0,"term_taxonomy_id":198583,"term_order":0,"facet":"{\"term_id\":198583,\"slug\":\"ecology-environment\",\"name\":\"Ecology and environment\",\"parent\":0,\"term_taxonomy_id\":198583,\"term_order\":0}"},{"term_id":13552,"slug":"hardware-devices","name":"Hardware and devices","parent":0,"term_taxonomy_id":13552,"term_order":0,"facet":"{\"term_id\":13552,\"slug\":\"hardware-devices\",\"name\":\"Hardware and devices\",\"parent\":0,\"term_taxonomy_id\":13552,\"term_order\":0}"},{"term_id":13547,"slug":"systems-and-networking","name":"Systems and networking","parent":0,"term_taxonomy_id":13547,"term_order":0,"facet":"{\"term_id\":13547,\"slug\":\"systems-and-networking\",\"name\":\"Systems and networking\",\"parent\":0,\"term_taxonomy_id\":13547,\"term_order\":0}"}],"msr-locale":[{"term_id":268875,"slug":"en_us","name":"English","parent":0,"term_taxonomy_id":268920,"term_order":0,"facet":"{\"term_id\":268875,\"slug\":\"en_us\",\"name\":\"English\",\"parent\":0,\"term_taxonomy_id\":268920,\"term_order\":0}"}],"msr-archive-status":[{"term_id":261626,"slug":"active","name":"Active","parent":0,"term_taxonomy_id":261671,"term_order":0,"facet":"{\"term_id\":261626,\"slug\":\"active\",\"name\":\"Active\",\"parent\":0,\"term_taxonomy_id\":261671,\"term_order\":0}"}]},"meta":{"msr-article-tab-label":[{"value":"Articles","raw":"Articles","boolean":false,"date":"1970-01-01","datetime":"1970-01-01 00:00:01","time":"00:00:01"}]},"elasticsearch":true},"markup":"<article class=\"card card--project\">\n\t<div class=\"row\">\n\t\t<div class=\"col col-12\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"card-body\">\n\t\t\t\t<span id=\"1089702-asset-type-label\" class=\"card__label d-block pb-2 text-neutral-300 font-weight-semibold text-uppercase small\">\n\t\t\t\t\tProject\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"card__heading h3 m-0 pb-2\" aria-describedby=\"1089702-asset-type-label\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<a\n\t\t\t\t\t\tclass=\"text-decoration-none\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bi-cN=\"Project Egypt\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bi-id=\"1089702\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bi-type=\"project\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bi-tN=\"search-result-card\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\thref=\"https:\/\/www.microsoft.com\/en-us\/research\/project\/project-egypt\/\"\n\t\t\t\t\t>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span>Project Egypt<\/span> <span class=\"glyph-prepend glyph-prepend-small glyph-prepend-chevron-right\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/h3>\n\t\t\t\t<p>Technology to enable widespread availability of greenhouse gas data and insights Greenhouse gas (GHG) concentrations have continued to grow, fueling the climate crisis. Yet, measuring GHG emissions efficiently and at scale remains surprisingly elusive due…<\/p>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n<\/article>\n"},{"data":{"ID":1093413,"post_author":43158,"post_date":"2024-10-11 12:00:48","post_date_gmt":"2024-10-11 19:00:48","post_content":"The Energy System Modeler on the Microsoft Datacenter Energy Strategy Team will be responsible for conducting and managing electricity grid studies and analyses to ensure energy infrastructure investment, development, and reliability to support the global growth of Microsoft\u2019s datacenters. You will demonstrate familiarity with a variety of grid models and studies, experience in conducting these studies and managing the development and outputs of such models, as well as identify business challenges and deliver insights needed to overcome them.","post_title":"Data Scientist: Energy System Modeler - PhD - Redmond","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"data-scientist-energy-system-modeler-phd-redmond","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2024-10-14 12:03:56","post_modified_gmt":"2024-10-14 19:03:56","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"","menu_order":0,"post_type":"msr-job-opportunity","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":0,"filter":"raw","site_id":1,"permalink":"https:\/\/jobs.careers.microsoft.com\/global\/en\/job\/1776485\/Data-Scientist%3a-Energy-System-Modeler---PhD---Redmond","terms":{"msr-research-area":[{"term_id":13556,"slug":"artificial-intelligence","name":"Artificial intelligence","parent":0,"term_taxonomy_id":13556,"term_order":0,"facet":"{\"term_id\":13556,\"slug\":\"artificial-intelligence\",\"name\":\"Artificial intelligence\",\"parent\":0,\"term_taxonomy_id\":13556,\"term_order\":0}"},{"term_id":13563,"slug":"data-platform-analytics","name":"Data platforms and analytics","parent":0,"term_taxonomy_id":13563,"term_order":0,"facet":"{\"term_id\":13563,\"slug\":\"data-platform-analytics\",\"name\":\"Data platforms and analytics\",\"parent\":0,\"term_taxonomy_id\":13563,\"term_order\":0}"},{"term_id":198583,"slug":"ecology-environment","name":"Ecology and environment","parent":0,"term_taxonomy_id":198583,"term_order":0,"facet":"{\"term_id\":198583,\"slug\":\"ecology-environment\",\"name\":\"Ecology and environment\",\"parent\":0,\"term_taxonomy_id\":198583,\"term_order\":0}"},{"term_id":13568,"slug":"technology-for-emerging-markets","name":"Technology for emerging markets","parent":0,"term_taxonomy_id":13568,"term_order":0,"facet":"{\"term_id\":13568,\"slug\":\"technology-for-emerging-markets\",\"name\":\"Technology for emerging markets\",\"parent\":0,\"term_taxonomy_id\":13568,\"term_order\":0}"}],"msr-region":[{"term_id":197900,"slug":"north-america","name":"North America","parent":0,"term_taxonomy_id":197900,"term_order":0,"facet":"{\"term_id\":197900,\"slug\":\"north-america\",\"name\":\"North America\",\"parent\":0,\"term_taxonomy_id\":197900,\"term_order\":0}"}],"msr-job-opportunity-type":[{"term_id":266469,"slug":"applied-scientist","name":"Applied scientist","parent":0,"term_taxonomy_id":266514,"term_order":0,"facet":"{\"term_id\":266469,\"slug\":\"applied-scientist\",\"name\":\"Applied scientist\",\"parent\":0,\"term_taxonomy_id\":266514,\"term_order\":0}"}],"msr-city":[{"term_id":243658,"slug":"redmond-wash-us","name":"Redmond, WA, US","parent":0,"term_taxonomy_id":243670,"term_order":0,"facet":"{\"term_id\":243658,\"slug\":\"redmond-wash-us\",\"name\":\"Redmond, WA, US\",\"parent\":0,\"term_taxonomy_id\":243670,\"term_order\":0}"}],"msr-locale":[{"term_id":268875,"slug":"en_us","name":"English","parent":0,"term_taxonomy_id":268920,"term_order":0,"facet":"{\"term_id\":268875,\"slug\":\"en_us\",\"name\":\"English\",\"parent\":0,\"term_taxonomy_id\":268920,\"term_order\":0}"}]},"meta":{"msr_opportunity_pubdate":[{"value":"2024-10-11","raw":"2024-10-11","boolean":false,"date":"2024-10-11","datetime":"2024-10-11 00:00:00","time":"00:00:00"}],"msr_opportunity_hta":[{"value":"https:\/\/jobs.careers.microsoft.com\/global\/en\/job\/1776485\/Data-Scientist%3a-Energy-System-Modeler---PhD---Redmond","raw":"https:\/\/jobs.careers.microsoft.com\/global\/en\/job\/1776485\/Data-Scientist%3a-Energy-System-Modeler---PhD---Redmond","boolean":false,"date":"1970-01-01","datetime":"1970-01-01 00:00:01","time":"00:00:01"}]},"elasticsearch":true},"markup":"<article class=\"card card--job-opportunity\">\n\t<div class=\"row\">\n\t\t<div class=\"col col-12\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"card-body\">\n\t\t\t\t<span id=\"1093413-asset-type-label\" class=\"card__label d-block pb-2 text-neutral-300 font-weight-semibold text-uppercase small\">\n\t\t\t\t\tCareer Opportunity\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"card__heading h3 m-0 pb-2\" aria-describedby=\"1093413-asset-type-label\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<a\n\t\t\t\t\t\tclass=\"text-decoration-none\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bi-cN=\"Data Scientist: Energy System Modeler - PhD - Redmond\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bi-id=\"1093413\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bi-type=\"job-opportunity\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bi-tN=\"search-result-card\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\thref=\"https:\/\/jobs.careers.microsoft.com\/global\/en\/job\/1776485\/Data-Scientist%3a-Energy-System-Modeler---PhD---Redmond\"\n\t\t\t\t\t>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span>Data Scientist: Energy System Modeler – PhD – Redmond<\/span> <span class=\"glyph-prepend glyph-prepend-small glyph-prepend-chevron-right\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/h3>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"card__meta\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"m-0 pb-2\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<time class=\"card__date\" datetime=\"2024-10-11\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span>Posted<\/span>:\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tOctober 11, 2024\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/time>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"card__locations\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span>Location<\/span>:\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tRedmond, WA, US\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"card__research-area\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span>Research Area(s)<\/span>:\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tArtificial intelligence, Data platforms and analytics, Ecology and environment, Technology for emerging markets\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<p>The Energy System Modeler on the Microsoft Datacenter Energy Strategy Team will be responsible for conducting and managing electricity grid studies and analyses to ensure energy infrastructure investment, development, and reliability to support the global…<\/p>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n<\/article>\n"},{"data":{"ID":1095591,"post_author":39892,"post_date":"2024-10-01 00:00:00","post_date_gmt":"2024-10-01 08:00:00","post_content":"This article explores the transformative potential of AI-powered microgrids in enhancing energy resilience and equity in regional communities. It addresses the critical attributes of AI systems necessary to support decentralized renewable energy infrastructures. The article highlights the significant energy burdens faced by low-income households and the environmental impact of the energy sector. It discusses the rise of community-centered renewable microgrids as a solution to these challenges, emphasizing their scalability, integration with renewable energy sources, and ability to provide equitable energy distribution. The article also delves into the role of AI in optimizing microgrid operations, improving grid design, and supporting regulatory frameworks. Through various collaborative projects, including partnerships with academic institutions and community organizations, the article showcases practical implementations of AI-enhanced microgrids and their societal benefits. The article concludes by emphasizing the importance of flexible AI architectures, interoperability, and multi-modal integration in advancing microgrid technology. This paper supports the transition to a more resilient and equitable energy future through a multi-dimensional design and participatory planning.","post_title":"AI-powered Microgrids Facilitate Energy Resilience and Equity in Regional Communities","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"ai-powered-microgrids-facilitate-energy-resilience-and-equitability-in-regional-communities","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2024-10-21 11:43:06","post_modified_gmt":"2024-10-21 18:43:06","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"","menu_order":0,"post_type":"msr-research-item","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":0,"filter":"raw","site_id":1,"permalink":"https:\/\/www.microsoft.com\/en-us\/research\/publication\/ai-powered-microgrids-facilitate-energy-resilience-and-equitability-in-regional-communities\/","terms":{"msr-content-type":[{"term_id":3,"slug":"publication","name":"Publication","parent":0,"term_taxonomy_id":3,"term_order":0,"facet":"{\"term_id\":3,\"slug\":\"publication\",\"name\":\"Publication\",\"parent\":0,\"term_taxonomy_id\":3,\"term_order\":0}"}],"msr-research-area":[{"term_id":13556,"slug":"artificial-intelligence","name":"Artificial intelligence","parent":0,"term_taxonomy_id":13556,"term_order":0,"facet":"{\"term_id\":13556,\"slug\":\"artificial-intelligence\",\"name\":\"Artificial intelligence\",\"parent\":0,\"term_taxonomy_id\":13556,\"term_order\":0}"},{"term_id":198583,"slug":"ecology-environment","name":"Ecology and environment","parent":0,"term_taxonomy_id":198583,"term_order":0,"facet":"{\"term_id\":198583,\"slug\":\"ecology-environment\",\"name\":\"Ecology and environment\",\"parent\":0,\"term_taxonomy_id\":198583,\"term_order\":0}"},{"term_id":13548,"slug":"economics","name":"Economics","parent":0,"term_taxonomy_id":13548,"term_order":0,"facet":"{\"term_id\":13548,\"slug\":\"economics\",\"name\":\"Economics\",\"parent\":0,\"term_taxonomy_id\":13548,\"term_order\":0}"},{"term_id":13559,"slug":"social-sciences","name":"Social sciences","parent":0,"term_taxonomy_id":13559,"term_order":0,"facet":"{\"term_id\":13559,\"slug\":\"social-sciences\",\"name\":\"Social sciences\",\"parent\":0,\"term_taxonomy_id\":13559,\"term_order\":0}"},{"term_id":13568,"slug":"technology-for-emerging-markets","name":"Technology for emerging markets","parent":0,"term_taxonomy_id":13568,"term_order":0,"facet":"{\"term_id\":13568,\"slug\":\"technology-for-emerging-markets\",\"name\":\"Technology for emerging markets\",\"parent\":0,\"term_taxonomy_id\":13568,\"term_order\":0}"}],"msr-publication-type":[{"term_id":193718,"slug":"techreport","name":"Tech Report","parent":0,"term_taxonomy_id":193718,"term_order":0,"facet":"{\"term_id\":193718,\"slug\":\"techreport\",\"name\":\"Tech Report\",\"parent\":0,\"term_taxonomy_id\":193718,\"term_order\":0}"}],"msr-locale":[{"term_id":268875,"slug":"en_us","name":"English","parent":0,"term_taxonomy_id":268920,"term_order":0,"facet":"{\"term_id\":268875,\"slug\":\"en_us\",\"name\":\"English\",\"parent\":0,\"term_taxonomy_id\":268920,\"term_order\":0}"}],"msr-post-option":[{"term_id":269148,"slug":"approved-for-river","name":"Approved for River","parent":0,"term_taxonomy_id":269193,"term_order":0,"facet":"{\"term_id\":269148,\"slug\":\"approved-for-river\",\"name\":\"Approved for River\",\"parent\":0,\"term_taxonomy_id\":269193,\"term_order\":0}"},{"term_id":269142,"slug":"include-in-river","name":"Include in River","parent":0,"term_taxonomy_id":269187,"term_order":0,"facet":"{\"term_id\":269142,\"slug\":\"include-in-river\",\"name\":\"Include in River\",\"parent\":0,\"term_taxonomy_id\":269187,\"term_order\":0}"}],"msr-field-of-study":[{"term_id":246850,"slug":"sustainability","name":"sustainability","parent":0,"term_taxonomy_id":246877,"term_order":0,"facet":"{\"term_id\":246850,\"slug\":\"sustainability\",\"name\":\"sustainability\",\"parent\":0,\"term_taxonomy_id\":246877,\"term_order\":0}"}]},"meta":{"msr_highlight_text":[{"value":"","raw":"","boolean":false}]},"elasticsearch":true},"markup":"<article class=\"card card--publication\">\n\t<div class=\"row\">\n\t\t<div class=\"col col-12\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"card-body\">\n\t\t\t\t<span id=\"1095591-asset-type-label\" class=\"card__label d-block pb-2 text-neutral-300 font-weight-semibold text-uppercase small\">\n\t\t\t\t\tPublication\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"card__heading h3 m-0 pb-2\" aria-describedby=\"1095591-asset-type-label\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<a\n\t\t\t\t\t\tclass=\"text-decoration-none\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bi-cN=\"AI-powered Microgrids Facilitate Energy Resilience and Equity in Regional Communities\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bi-id=\"1095591\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bi-type=\"publication\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bi-tN=\"search-result-card\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\thref=\"https:\/\/www.microsoft.com\/en-us\/research\/publication\/ai-powered-microgrids-facilitate-energy-resilience-and-equitability-in-regional-communities\/\"\n\t\t\t\t\t>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span>AI-powered Microgrids Facilitate Energy Resilience and Equity in Regional Communities<\/span> <span class=\"glyph-prepend glyph-prepend-small glyph-prepend-chevron-right\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/h3>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"card__meta pb-2\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<p class=\"base m-0 content-excerpt__people\">\n\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.microsoft.com\/en-us\/research\/people\/pekumar\/\" aria-label=\"Visit the profile page for Peeyush Kumar\">Peeyush Kumar<\/a>\t\t<\/p>\n\t\n\t\t\t<p class=\"base m-0 content-excerpt__journal-and-issue\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tMSR-TR-2024-44 | October 2024\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\n\t\n\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"base m-0 content-excerpt__published\">\n\t\t\t\tPublished by Microsoft\t\t\t<\/p>\n\t\t\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n<\/article>\n"},{"data":{"ID":1080705,"post_author":42735,"post_date":"2024-09-03 10:27:00","post_date_gmt":"2024-09-03 17:27:00","post_content":"\n<p>Megan Stanley, Senior Researcher, Microsoft Research AI for Science, talks about Aurora, a cutting-edge foundation model that offers a new approach to weather forecasting that could transform our ability to predict and mitigate the impacts of extreme events, air pollution, and the changing climate.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Microsoft Research Forum, September 3, 2024<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>See more at <a href=\"https:\/\/aka.ms\/ResearchForum-Sep2024\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/aka.ms\/ResearchForum-Sep2024<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Project Aurora: The first large-scale foundation model of the atmosphere","post_excerpt":"Megan Stanley, Senior Researcher, Microsoft Research AI for Science, talks about Aurora, a cutting-edge foundation model that offers a new approach to weather forecasting that could transform our ability to predict and mitigate the impacts of extreme events, air pollution, and the changing climate.","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"project-aurora-the-first-large-scale-foundation-model-of-the-atmosphere","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2024-09-03 12:40:04","post_modified_gmt":"2024-09-03 19:40:04","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"","menu_order":0,"post_type":"msr-video","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":0,"filter":"raw","site_id":1,"permalink":"https:\/\/www.microsoft.com\/en-us\/research\/video\/project-aurora-the-first-large-scale-foundation-model-of-the-atmosphere\/","terms":{"msr-research-area":[{"term_id":13556,"slug":"artificial-intelligence","name":"Artificial intelligence","parent":0,"term_taxonomy_id":13556,"term_order":0,"facet":"{\"term_id\":13556,\"slug\":\"artificial-intelligence\",\"name\":\"Artificial intelligence\",\"parent\":0,\"term_taxonomy_id\":13556,\"term_order\":0}"},{"term_id":198583,"slug":"ecology-environment","name":"Ecology and environment","parent":0,"term_taxonomy_id":198583,"term_order":0,"facet":"{\"term_id\":198583,\"slug\":\"ecology-environment\",\"name\":\"Ecology and environment\",\"parent\":0,\"term_taxonomy_id\":198583,\"term_order\":0}"}],"msr-video-type":[{"term_id":268311,"slug":"microsoft-research-forum","name":"Microsoft Research Forum","parent":0,"term_taxonomy_id":268356,"term_order":0,"facet":"{\"term_id\":268311,\"slug\":\"microsoft-research-forum\",\"name\":\"Microsoft Research Forum\",\"parent\":0,\"term_taxonomy_id\":268356,\"term_order\":0}"}],"msr-locale":[{"term_id":268875,"slug":"en_us","name":"English","parent":0,"term_taxonomy_id":268920,"term_order":0,"facet":"{\"term_id\":268875,\"slug\":\"en_us\",\"name\":\"English\",\"parent\":0,\"term_taxonomy_id\":268920,\"term_order\":0}"}]},"meta":[],"elasticsearch":true},"markup":"\n<article class=\"card card--video\">\n\t<div class=\"row\">\n\t\t<div class=\"col col-12 col-md-8\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"card-body\">\n\t\t\t\t<span id=\"1080705-asset-type-label\" class=\"card__label d-block pb-2 text-neutral-300 font-weight-semibold text-uppercase small\">\n\t\t\t\t\tVideo\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"card__heading h3 m-0 pb-2\" aria-describedby=\"1080705-asset-type-label\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<a\n\t\t\t\t\t\tclass=\"text-decoration-none\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bi-cN=\"Project Aurora: The first large-scale foundation model of the atmosphere\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bi-id=\"1080705\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bi-type=\"video\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bi-tN=\"search-result-card\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\thref=\"https:\/\/www.microsoft.com\/en-us\/research\/video\/project-aurora-the-first-large-scale-foundation-model-of-the-atmosphere\/\"\n\t\t\t\t\t>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span>Project Aurora: The first large-scale foundation model of the atmosphere<\/span> <span class=\"glyph-prepend glyph-prepend-small glyph-prepend-chevron-right\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/h3>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"card__meta\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"m-0 pb-2\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<time class=\"card__date\" datetime=\"2024-09-03\">September 3, 2024<\/time>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span> | <\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"card__byline\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.microsoft.com\/en-us\/research\/people\/meganstanley\/\">Megan Stanley<\/a>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<p>Megan Stanley, Senior Researcher, Microsoft Research AI for Science, talks about Aurora, a cutting-edge foundation model that offers a new approach to weather forecasting that could transform our ability to predict and mitigate the impacts…<\/p>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"card__thumbnail col col-12 col-md-4 pt-3 pt-md-0\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"embed-responsive embed-responsive-16by9 bg-black\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"embed-responsive-item\" href=\"https:\/\/www.microsoft.com\/en-us\/research\/video\/project-aurora-the-first-large-scale-foundation-model-of-the-atmosphere\/\" aria-label=\"Watch the video for: "Project Aurora: The first large-scale foundation model of the atmosphere"\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<img width=\"1024\" height=\"576\" src=\"https:\/\/www.microsoft.com\/en-us\/research\/uploads\/prod\/2024\/08\/Zi4u-JWpY5w-1024x576.jpg\" class=\"embed-responsive-item img-object-contain wp-post-image\" alt=\"a woman standing in front of a laptop\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.microsoft.com\/en-us\/research\/uploads\/prod\/2024\/08\/Zi4u-JWpY5w-1024x576.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.microsoft.com\/en-us\/research\/uploads\/prod\/2024\/08\/Zi4u-JWpY5w-300x169.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.microsoft.com\/en-us\/research\/uploads\/prod\/2024\/08\/Zi4u-JWpY5w-768x432.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.microsoft.com\/en-us\/research\/uploads\/prod\/2024\/08\/Zi4u-JWpY5w-1066x600.jpg 1066w, https:\/\/www.microsoft.com\/en-us\/research\/uploads\/prod\/2024\/08\/Zi4u-JWpY5w-655x368.jpg 655w, https:\/\/www.microsoft.com\/en-us\/research\/uploads\/prod\/2024\/08\/Zi4u-JWpY5w-240x135.jpg 240w, https:\/\/www.microsoft.com\/en-us\/research\/uploads\/prod\/2024\/08\/Zi4u-JWpY5w-640x360.jpg 640w, https:\/\/www.microsoft.com\/en-us\/research\/uploads\/prod\/2024\/08\/Zi4u-JWpY5w-960x540.jpg 960w, https:\/\/www.microsoft.com\/en-us\/research\/uploads\/prod\/2024\/08\/Zi4u-JWpY5w.jpg 1280w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"d-flex align-items-center m-2 px-2 position-absolute bottom-0 right-0 bg-black\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"pt-1 glyph-prepend glyph-prepend-video\"><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"pl-1\">06:36<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n<\/article>\n"},{"data":{"ID":1090482,"post_author":39727,"post_date":"2024-09-01 00:00:00","post_date_gmt":"2024-09-01 08:00:00","post_content":"Crop field boundaries are foundational datasets for agricultural monitoring and assessments but are expensive to collect manually. Machine learning (ML) methods for automatically extracting field boundaries from remotely sensed images could help realize the demand for these datasets at a global scale. However, current ML methods for field instance segmentation lack sufficient geographic coverage, accuracy, and generalization capabilities. Further, research on improving ML methods is restricted by the lack of labeled datasets representing the diversity of global agricultural fields. We present Fields of The World (FTW) -- a novel ML benchmark dataset for agricultural field instance segmentation spanning 24 countries on four continents (Europe, Africa, Asia, and South America). FTW is an order of magnitude larger than previous datasets with 70,462 samples, each containing instance and semantic segmentation masks paired with multi-date, multi-spectral Sentinel-2 satellite images. We provide results from baseline models for the new FTW benchmark, show that models trained on FTW have better zero-shot and fine-tuning performance in held-out countries than models that aren't pre-trained with diverse datasets, and show positive qualitative zero-shot results of FTW models in a real-world scenario -- running on Sentinel-2 scenes over Ethiopia.","post_title":"Fields of The World: A Machine Learning Benchmark Dataset For Global Agricultural Field Boundary Segmentation","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"fields-of-the-world-a-machine-learning-benchmark-dataset-for-global-agricultural-field-boundary-segmentation","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2024-10-04 09:56:28","post_modified_gmt":"2024-10-04 16:56:28","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"","menu_order":0,"post_type":"msr-research-item","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":0,"filter":"raw","site_id":1,"permalink":"https:\/\/www.microsoft.com\/en-us\/research\/publication\/fields-of-the-world-a-machine-learning-benchmark-dataset-for-global-agricultural-field-boundary-segmentation\/","terms":{"msr-research-area":[{"term_id":13556,"slug":"artificial-intelligence","name":"Artificial intelligence","parent":0,"term_taxonomy_id":13556,"term_order":0,"facet":"{\"term_id\":13556,\"slug\":\"artificial-intelligence\",\"name\":\"Artificial intelligence\",\"parent\":0,\"term_taxonomy_id\":13556,\"term_order\":0}"},{"term_id":198583,"slug":"ecology-environment","name":"Ecology and environment","parent":0,"term_taxonomy_id":198583,"term_order":0,"facet":"{\"term_id\":198583,\"slug\":\"ecology-environment\",\"name\":\"Ecology and environment\",\"parent\":0,\"term_taxonomy_id\":198583,\"term_order\":0}"}],"msr-locale":[{"term_id":268875,"slug":"en_us","name":"English","parent":0,"term_taxonomy_id":268920,"term_order":0,"facet":"{\"term_id\":268875,\"slug\":\"en_us\",\"name\":\"English\",\"parent\":0,\"term_taxonomy_id\":268920,\"term_order\":0}"}],"msr-content-type":[{"term_id":3,"slug":"publication","name":"Publication","parent":0,"term_taxonomy_id":3,"term_order":0,"facet":"{\"term_id\":3,\"slug\":\"publication\",\"name\":\"Publication\",\"parent\":0,\"term_taxonomy_id\":3,\"term_order\":0}"}]},"meta":{"msr_highlight_text":[{"value":"","raw":"","boolean":false}]},"elasticsearch":true},"markup":"<article class=\"card card--publication\">\n\t<div class=\"row\">\n\t\t<div class=\"col col-12\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"card-body\">\n\t\t\t\t<span id=\"1090482-asset-type-label\" class=\"card__label d-block pb-2 text-neutral-300 font-weight-semibold text-uppercase small\">\n\t\t\t\t\tPublication\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"card__heading h3 m-0 pb-2\" aria-describedby=\"1090482-asset-type-label\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<a\n\t\t\t\t\t\tclass=\"text-decoration-none\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bi-cN=\"Fields of The World: A Machine Learning Benchmark Dataset For Global Agricultural Field Boundary Segmentation\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bi-id=\"1090482\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bi-type=\"publication\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bi-tN=\"search-result-card\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\thref=\"https:\/\/www.microsoft.com\/en-us\/research\/publication\/fields-of-the-world-a-machine-learning-benchmark-dataset-for-global-agricultural-field-boundary-segmentation\/\"\n\t\t\t\t\t>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span>Fields of The World: A Machine Learning Benchmark Dataset For Global Agricultural Field Boundary Segmentation<\/span> <span class=\"glyph-prepend glyph-prepend-small glyph-prepend-chevron-right\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/h3>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"card__meta pb-2\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<p class=\"base m-0 content-excerpt__people\">\n\t\t\tHannah Kerner, Snehal Chaudhari, Aninda Ghosh, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.microsoft.com\/en-us\/research\/people\/davrob\/\" aria-label=\"Visit the profile page for Caleb Robinson\">Caleb Robinson<\/a>, Adeel Ahmad, Eddie Choi, Nathan Jacobs, Chris Holmes, Matthias Mohr, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.microsoft.com\/en-us\/research\/people\/radodhia\/\" aria-label=\"Visit the profile page for Rahul Dodhia\">Rahul Dodhia<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.microsoft.com\/en-us\/research\/people\/jlavista\/\" aria-label=\"Visit the profile page for Juan M. Lavista Ferres\">Juan M. Lavista Ferres<\/a>, Jennifer Marcus\t\t<\/p>\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"base m-0 content-excerpt__published\">\n\t\t\t\tSeptember 2024\t\t\t<\/p>\n\t\t\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"base m-0 content-excerpt__links py-2\" data-bi-aN=\"quick-links\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.microsoft.com\/en-us\/research\/project\/advance-sustainability-ai-for-good\/\" class=\"quick-link__project glyph-append glyph-append-xsmall glyph-append-chevron-right font-weight-semibold text-decoration-none mr-3\" aria-label=\"Associated project: Advance Sustainability – AI for Good\" title=\"Advance Sustainability – AI for Good\" data-bi-type=\"project\" data-bi-cN=\"Advance Sustainability – AI for Good\" data-bi-id=\"1016418\">\n\t\t\t\t<span class=\"icon medium icon-project position-relative mr-1 top-2\"><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t<span class=\"quick-link__text\">Project<\/span>\n\t\t\t<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.microsoft.com\/en-us\/research\/project\/geospatial-machine-learning\/\" class=\"quick-link__project glyph-append glyph-append-xsmall glyph-append-chevron-right font-weight-semibold text-decoration-none mr-3\" aria-label=\"Associated project: Geospatial Machine Learning\" title=\"Geospatial Machine Learning\" data-bi-type=\"project\" data-bi-cN=\"Geospatial Machine Learning\" data-bi-id=\"812350\">\n\t\t\t\t<span class=\"icon medium icon-project position-relative mr-1 top-2\"><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t<span class=\"quick-link__text\">Project<\/span>\n\t\t\t<\/a>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n<\/article>\n"}],"found_posts":391,"posts_per_page":10,"max_num_pages":40,"page":1,"current_selections":[{"id":"sort-by","name":"sort_by","count":0,"value":"most-recent","parent":{"id":"sort-by","label":"Sort by"},"slug":"sort_by","type":"sort-by","label":"Most 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a","children":[],"selected":false,"default":false}]},{"id":"msr-content-type","label":"Content Types","slug":"msr-content-type","kind":"singleitemlist","items":[{"id":"tax-3","name":"facet[tax][msr-content-type]","count":185,"value":"3","parent":{"id":"msr-content-type","label":"Content Types"},"slug":"msr-content-type","type":"tax","label":"Publications","children":[],"default":false,"selected":false},{"id":"post-type-msr-video","name":"facet[tax][msr-content-type]","count":96,"value":"msr-video","parent":{"id":"msr-content-type","label":"Content Types"},"slug":"msr-content-type","type":"post-type","label":"Videos","children":[],"default":false,"selected":false},{"id":"post-type-post","name":"facet[tax][msr-content-type]","count":39,"value":"post","parent":{"id":"msr-content-type","label":"Content Types"},"slug":"msr-content-type","type":"post-type","label":"Microsoft Research 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