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mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Juan_dela_Cruz" title="Juan dela Cruz – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Juan dela Cruz" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D1%83%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D0%B4%D0%B5_%D0%BB%D0%B0_%D0%9A%D1%80%D1%83%D1%81_(%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%BB)" title="Хуан де ла Крус (символ) – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Хуан де ла Крус (символ)" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Juan_dela_Cruz" title="Juan dela Cruz – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Juan dela Cruz" 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.mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">This article is about the placeholder name. For the Spanish saint, see <a href="/wiki/John_of_the_Cross" title="John of the Cross">John of the Cross</a>. For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Juan_dela_Cruz_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Juan dela Cruz (disambiguation)">Juan dela Cruz (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Stop_Communism_-_NARA_-_5730080.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Stop_Communism_-_NARA_-_5730080.jpg/200px-Stop_Communism_-_NARA_-_5730080.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="255" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Stop_Communism_-_NARA_-_5730080.jpg/300px-Stop_Communism_-_NARA_-_5730080.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Stop_Communism_-_NARA_-_5730080.jpg/400px-Stop_Communism_-_NARA_-_5730080.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2351" data-file-height="3000" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/United_States_Information_Agency" title="United States Information Agency">United States Information Service</a> poster distributed in Asia depicting Juan dela Cruz ready to defend the <a href="/wiki/Philippines" title="Philippines">Philippines</a> from the threat of <a href="/wiki/Communism" title="Communism">communism</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Juan de la Cruz</b> or <b>Maria de la Cruz</b> (feminized form) is the <a href="/wiki/National_personification" title="National personification">national personification</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Philippines" title="Philippines">Philippines</a>, often used to represent the "<a href="/wiki/Filipino_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Filipino people">Filipino</a> <a href="/wiki/Everyman" title="Everyman">everyman</a>".<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He is usually depicted wearing the native <i><a href="/wiki/Salakot" title="Salakot">salakot</a></i> hat, <a href="/wiki/Barong_tagalog" title="Barong tagalog">barong tagalog</a>, long pants, and <i>tsinelas</i> (local term for the popular <a href="/wiki/Flip-flops" title="Flip-flops">flip-flops</a>). </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Juan_dela_Cruz&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-More_citations_needed plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Refimprove" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This article <b>needs additional citations for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Juan_dela_Cruz" title="Special:EditPage/Juan dela Cruz">improve this article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.<br /><small><span class="plainlinks"><i>Find sources:</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22Juan+dela+Cruz%22">"Juan dela Cruz"</a> – <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22Juan+dela+Cruz%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1">news</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22Juan+dela+Cruz%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks">newspapers</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22Juan+dela+Cruz%22+-wikipedia">books</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Juan+dela+Cruz%22">scholar</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Juan+dela+Cruz%22&acc=on&wc=on">JSTOR</a></span></small></span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">September 2022</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Juan dela Cruz was invented by Robert McCulloch-Dick, the editor and publisher of <i><a href="/wiki/Philippines_Free_Press" title="Philippines Free Press">Philippines Free Press</a></i>, founded in 1908.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He noticed the frequency with which the names appeared on police blotters and <a href="/wiki/Court_docket" class="mw-redirect" title="Court docket">court dockets</a>. He was also notified that the <a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church_in_the_Philippines" title="Catholic Church in the Philippines">Philippine Catholic Church</a> baptized a large number of children, giving them names of popular saints. He often wrote small verses about Juan dela Cruz in <i>Free Press</i>, and narrations of the petty crimes committed by them. </p><p>Later on, McCulloch-Dick widened his idea until he made Juan dela Cruz a character representative of a typical Filipino. Juan dela Cruz is associated with the image of a naïve-looking man wearing a <i><a href="/wiki/Salakot" title="Salakot">salakot</a></i>, <i>camisa de chino</i>, native trousers, and <a href="/wiki/Slippers" class="mw-redirect" title="Slippers">slippers</a>. Jorge Pineda, resident cartoonist of <i>Free Press</i>, first drew the image of Juan in 1946. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Usage">Usage</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Juan_dela_Cruz&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Usage"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Philippine_passport_(2016_edition)_data_page_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/Philippine_passport_%282016_edition%29_data_page_%28cropped%29.jpg/220px-Philippine_passport_%282016_edition%29_data_page_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="151" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/Philippine_passport_%282016_edition%29_data_page_%28cropped%29.jpg/330px-Philippine_passport_%282016_edition%29_data_page_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/Philippine_passport_%282016_edition%29_data_page_%28cropped%29.jpg/440px-Philippine_passport_%282016_edition%29_data_page_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="986" data-file-height="676" /></a><figcaption>An official sample of a Philippine passport with "Maria dela Cruz" as the fictitious placeholder owner of the document.</figcaption></figure> <p>Activists often portray Juan dela Cruz as a victim of <a href="/wiki/American_imperialism" title="American imperialism">American imperialism</a>, especially since many editorial cartoons of the <a href="/wiki/Commonwealth_of_the_Philippines" title="Commonwealth of the Philippines">American period</a> often depicted him alongside <a href="/wiki/Uncle_Sam" title="Uncle Sam">Uncle Sam</a> either as a "Little Brown Brother" or as an Asian Partner. In modern times, he is shown independently as a venue for the common Filipino's commentary on governmental and social issues. </p><p>The term, sometimes shortened to "Juan", also refers to the collective <a href="/wiki/Philippine_psychology" class="mw-redirect" title="Philippine psychology">Filipino psyche</a>. </p><p>The name (<a href="/wiki/Spanish_language_in_the_Philippines" title="Spanish language in the Philippines">Spanish</a> for "<a href="/wiki/John_of_the_Cross" title="John of the Cross">John of the Cross</a>") is often used as a <a href="/wiki/Placeholder_name" title="Placeholder name">placeholder name</a> for an <a href="/wiki/Anonymity" title="Anonymity">anonymous</a> individual, roughly the equivalent of the <a href="/wiki/American_people" class="mw-redirect" title="American people">American</a> <a href="/wiki/John_Doe" title="John Doe">John Doe</a>. The feminine placeholder is usually <b>María dela Cruz</b>, which like Juan is a common first name among <a href="/wiki/Filipino_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Filipino people">Filipino</a> women, though <b>Juana dela Cruz</b> is currently<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Dates_and_numbers#Chronological_items" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Dates and numbers"><span title="The time period mentioned near this tag is ambiguous. (September 2022)">when?</span></a></i>]</sup> gaining popularity in Philippine television and especially in political campaigns by President <a href="/wiki/Bongbong_Marcos" title="Bongbong Marcos">Ferdinand Marcos Jr</a>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (September 2022)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Juan_dela_Cruz&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Juan_Tamad" title="Juan Tamad">Juan Tamad</a>, or "Lazy John" – another character common in <a href="/wiki/Filipino_culture" class="mw-redirect" title="Filipino culture">Filipino culture</a> and <a href="/wiki/Literature_of_the_Philippines" class="mw-redirect" title="Literature of the Philippines">literature</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mar%C3%ADa_Clara" title="María Clara">María Clara</a>, from the novel <i><a href="/wiki/Noli_Me_T%C3%A1ngere_(novel)" title="Noli Me Tángere (novel)">Noli Me Tángere</a></i> by national hero <a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Rizal" title="José Rizal">José Rizal</a>, refers to the idealised <a href="/wiki/Filipina" class="mw-redirect" title="Filipina">Filipina</a> (analogous to the <a href="/wiki/Japanese_culture" class="mw-redirect" title="Japanese culture">Japanese</a> <i><a href="/wiki/Yamato_nadeshiko" title="Yamato nadeshiko">Yamato nadeshiko</a></i>).</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Juan_dela_Cruz&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFDela_Paz2012" class="citation news cs1">Dela Paz, Gino (April 14, 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.philstar.com/supreme/796471/juan-direction">"Juan direction"</a>. <i>The Philippine Star</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 23,</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Philippine+Star&rft.atitle=Juan+direction&rft.date=2012-04-14&rft.aulast=Dela+Paz&rft.aufirst=Gino&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.philstar.com%2Fsupreme%2F796471%2Fjuan-direction&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJuan+dela+Cruz" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFManiebo2014" class="citation news cs1">Maniebo, Eana (October 11, 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.manilatimes.net/look-back-exceptional-manila-times-editors/133515/">"A look back at some of the exceptional Manila Times editors"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Manila_Times" title="The Manila Times">The Manila Times</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 23,</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Manila+Times&rft.atitle=A+look+back+at+some+of+the+exceptional+Manila+Times+editors&rft.date=2014-10-11&rft.aulast=Maniebo&rft.aufirst=Eana&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.manilatimes.net%2Flook-back-exceptional-manila-times-editors%2F133515%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJuan+dela+Cruz" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl 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//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Coat_of_arms_of_the_Philippines.svg/40px-Coat_of_arms_of_the_Philippines.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="568" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/National_symbols_of_the_Philippines" title="National symbols of the Philippines">National symbols of the Philippines</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Official</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arnis" title="Arnis">Arnis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coat_of_arms_of_the_Philippines" title="Coat of arms of the Philippines">Coat of arms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Filipino_language" title="Filipino language">Filipino language</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Filipino_Sign_Language" title="Filipino Sign Language">Filipino Sign Language</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_the_Philippines" title="Flag of the Philippines">Flag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Seal_of_the_Philippines" title="Great Seal of the Philippines">Great Seal</a></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Lupang_Hinirang" title="Lupang Hinirang">Lupang Hinirang</a>"</li> <li>"<i><a href="/wiki/Maka-Diyos,_Maka-tao,_Makakalikasan_at_Makabansa" title="Maka-Diyos, Maka-tao, Makakalikasan at Makabansa">Maka-Diyos, Maka-tao, Makakalikasan at Makabansa</a></i>"</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Pterocarpus_indicus" title="Pterocarpus indicus">Narra</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philippine_eagle" title="Philippine eagle">Philippine eagle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pinctada_maxima" title="Pinctada maxima">Philippine pearl</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Jasminum_sambac" title="Jasminum sambac">Sampaguita</a></i></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="3" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><figure class="mw-halign-right mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg/80px-Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg/120px-Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg/160px-Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Unofficial</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Philippine_adobo" title="Philippine adobo">Adobo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saribus_rotundifolius" title="Saribus rotundifolius">Anahaw</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bahay_kubo" title="Bahay kubo">Bahay kubo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bakya" title="Bakya">Bakya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Balangay" title="Balangay">Balangay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barong_tagalog" title="Barong tagalog">Barong</a> and <a href="/wiki/Baro%27t_saya" title="Baro't saya">Baro't saya</a></li> <li>"<i><a href="/wiki/Bayan_Ko" title="Bayan Ko">Bayan Ko</a></i>"</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baybayin" title="Baybayin">Baybayin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carabao" title="Carabao">Carabao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cari%C3%B1osa" title="Cariñosa">Cariñosa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jeepney" title="Jeepney">Jeepney</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Juan dela Cruz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lechon" class="mw-redirect" title="Lechon">Lechon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malaca%C3%B1ang_Palace" title="Malacañang Palace">Malacañang Palace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mango" title="Mango">Mango</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manila" title="Manila">Manila</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Milkfish" title="Milkfish">Milkfish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coat_of_arms_of_the_Philippines" title="Coat of arms of the Philippines">National Seal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philippine_peso" title="Philippine peso">Philippine peso</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sinigang" title="Sinigang">Sinigang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sipa" title="Sipa">Sipa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tinikling" title="Tinikling">Tinikling</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Waling-waling" title="Waling-waling">Waling-waling</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/National_hero_of_the_Philippines" class="mw-redirect" title="National hero of the Philippines">National heroes</a> <br /></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Implied</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Andr%C3%A9s_Bonifacio" title="Andrés Bonifacio">Andrés Bonifacio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Rizal" title="José Rizal">José Rizal</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Declared from national legislation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Benigno_Aquino_Jr." class="mw-redirect" title="Benigno Aquino Jr.">Benigno Aquino Jr.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/People_Power_Revolution" title="People Power Revolution">Martyrs and heroes during the martial law period</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Heroes_Day_(Philippines)" title="National Heroes Day (Philippines)">National Heroes Day</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Day_of_Valor" title="Day of Valor">Veterans of the Second World War</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">From proposed laws</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Apolinario_Mabini" title="Apolinario Mabini">Apolinario Mabini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corazon_Aquino" title="Corazon Aquino">Corazon Aquino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emilio_Aguinaldo" title="Emilio Aguinaldo">Emilio Aguinaldo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gabriela_Silang" title="Gabriela Silang">Gabriela Silang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Juan_Luna" title="Juan Luna">Juan Luna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marcelo_H._del_Pilar" title="Marcelo H. del Pilar">Marcelo H. del Pilar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Melchora_Aquino" title="Melchora Aquino">Melchora Aquino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muhammad_Kudarat" title="Muhammad Kudarat">Sultan Dipatuan Kudarat</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="National_personifications" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:National_personifications" title="Template:National personifications"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:National_personifications" title="Template talk:National personifications"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:National_personifications" title="Special:EditPage/Template:National personifications"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="National_personifications" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/National_personification" title="National personification">National personifications</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Afghanistan, Iran and Tajikistan <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rostam" title="Rostam">Rostam</a></li></ul></li> <li>Albania <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mother_Albania_(statue)" title="Mother Albania (statue)">Mother Albania</a></li></ul></li> <li>Americas <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Personification_of_the_Americas" title="Personification of the Americas">Personification of the Americas</a></li></ul></li> <li>Argentina <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Allegorical_representations_of_Argentina" title="Allegorical representations of Argentina">Effigies of Argentina</a></li></ul></li> <li>Armenia <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mother_Armenia" title="Mother Armenia">Mother Armenia</a></li></ul></li> <li>Australia <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Little_Boy_from_Manly" title="Little Boy from Manly">Little Boy from Manly</a></li></ul></li> <li>Bangladesh <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bangamata" title="Bangamata">Bangamata</a></li></ul></li> <li>Belgium <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Leo_Belgicus" title="Leo Belgicus">Leo Belgicus</a></li></ul></li> <li>Brazil <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ef%C3%ADgie_da_Rep%C3%BAblica" title="Efígie da República">Efígie da República</a></li></ul></li> <li>Cambodia <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Preah_Thong_and_Neang_Neak" title="Preah Thong and Neang Neak">Preah Thong and Neang Neak</a></li></ul></li> <li>Canada <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Johnny_Canuck" title="Johnny Canuck">Johnny Canuck</a></li></ul></li> <li>Chile <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Huaso" title="Huaso">Huaso</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roto" title="Roto">Roto</a></li></ul></li> <li>China <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Panda" class="mw-redirect" title="Panda">Panda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_dragon" title="Chinese dragon">Chinese dragon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jade_Emperor" title="Jade Emperor">Jade Emperor</a></li></ul></li> <li>Croatia <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mother_Croatia" title="Mother Croatia">Mother Croatia</a></li></ul></li> <li>Czech Republic <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%C4%8Cechie" title="Čechie">Čechie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Czech_Va%C5%A1ek" title="Czech Vašek">Czech Vašek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Good_Soldier_%C5%A0vejk" title="The Good Soldier Švejk">Švejk</a></li></ul></li> <li>Denmark <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ogier_the_Dane" title="Ogier the Dane">Holger Danske</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mother_Denmark" title="Mother Denmark">Mother Denmark</a></li></ul></li> <li>Europe <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Europa_(consort_of_Zeus)" title="Europa (consort of Zeus)">Europa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Europa_regina" title="Europa regina">Europa regina</a></li></ul></li> <li>Finland <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Finnish_Maiden" title="Finnish Maiden">Finnish Maiden</a></li></ul></li> <li>France <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Marianne" title="Marianne">Marianne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gallic_rooster" title="Gallic rooster">Gallic rooster</a></li></ul></li> <li>Georgia <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kartlis_Deda" title="Kartlis Deda">Kartvlis Deda</a></li></ul></li> <li>Germany <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Deutscher_Michel" title="Deutscher Michel">Deutscher Michel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Germania_(personification)" title="Germania (personification)">Germania</a></li></ul></li> <li>Greece <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hellas_(personification)" title="Hellas (personification)">Hellas</a></li></ul></li> <li>Haiti <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ezili_Dantor" title="Ezili Dantor">Ezili Dantor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catherine_Flon" title="Catherine Flon">Catherine Flon</a></li></ul></li> <li>Hungary <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lady_of_Hungaria" title="Lady of Hungaria">Lady of Hungaria</a></li></ul></li> <li>Iceland <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lady_of_the_Mountain" title="Lady of the Mountain">Lady of the Mountain</a></li></ul></li> <li>India <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bharat_Mata" title="Bharat Mata">Bharat Mata</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_Elephant" class="mw-redirect" title="Indian Elephant">Indian Elephant</a></li></ul></li> <li>Indonesia <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ibu_Pertiwi" title="Ibu Pertiwi">Ibu Pertiwi</a></li></ul></li> <li>Ireland <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%C3%89riu" title="Ériu">Ériu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hibernia_(personification)" title="Hibernia (personification)">Hibernia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kathleen_Ni_Houlihan" title="Kathleen Ni Houlihan">Kathleen Ni Houlihan</a></li></ul></li> <li>Israel <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Srulik" title="Srulik">Srulik</a></li></ul></li> <li>Italy <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Italia_turrita" title="Italia turrita">Italia turrita</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roma_(personification)" title="Roma (personification)">Roma</a></li></ul></li> <li>Japan <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Amaterasu" title="Amaterasu">Amaterasu</a></li></ul></li> <li>Kenya <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wanjiku" title="Wanjiku">Wanjiku</a></li></ul></li> <li>Korea <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dangun" title="Dangun">Dangun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ungnyeo" title="Ungnyeo">Ungnyeo</a></li></ul></li> <li>Kyrgyzstan <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Epic_of_Manas" title="Epic of Manas">Manas</a></li></ul></li> <li>Lebanon <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abu_Abed" title="Abu Abed">Abu Abed</a></li></ul></li> <li>Malaysia <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hang_Tuah" title="Hang Tuah">Hang Tuah</a></li></ul></li> <li>Malta <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Melita_(personification)" title="Melita (personification)">Melita</a></li></ul></li> <li>Netherlands <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dutch_Maiden" title="Dutch Maiden">Dutch Maiden</a></li></ul></li> <li>New Zealand <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Southern_man" title="Southern man">Southern man</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zealandia_(personification)" title="Zealandia (personification)">Zealandia</a></li></ul></li> <li>Norway <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ola_Nordmann" title="Ola Nordmann">Ola Nordmann</a></li></ul></li> <li>Pakistan <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Shaheen_falcon" title="Shaheen falcon">Shaheen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fatima_Jinnah" title="Fatima Jinnah">Māder-e Millat</a></li></ul></li> <li>Palestine <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Handala" title="Handala">Handala</a></li></ul></li> <li>Peru <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Peruvian_Motherland" title="Peruvian Motherland">Madre Patria</a></li></ul></li> <li>Philippines <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Juan dela Cruz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mar%C3%ADa_Clara" title="María Clara">Maria Clara</a></li></ul></li> <li>Poland <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Polonia_(personification)" title="Polonia (personification)">Polonia</a></li></ul></li> <li>Portugal <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ef%C3%ADgie_da_Rep%C3%BAblica" title="Efígie da República">Efígie da República</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Z%C3%A9_Povinho" title="Zé Povinho">Zé Povinho</a></li></ul></li> <li>Russia <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Personification_of_Russia" title="Personification of Russia">Mother Russia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_Bear" title="Russian Bear">Russian Bear</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_Winter" title="Russian Winter">Russian Winter</a></li></ul></li> <li>Serbia <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kosovo_Maiden" title="Kosovo Maiden">Kosovo Maiden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mother_Serbia" title="Mother Serbia">Mother Serbia</a></li></ul></li> <li>Singapore <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Merlion" title="Merlion">Merlion</a></li></ul></li> <li>Spain <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hispania_(personification)" title="Hispania (personification)">Hispania</a></li></ul></li> <li>Sweden <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mother_Svea" title="Mother Svea">Mother Svea</a></li></ul></li> <li>Switzerland <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Helvetia" title="Helvetia">Helvetia</a></li></ul></li> <li>Thailand <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Siam_Devadhiraj" title="Siam Devadhiraj">Siam Devadhiraj</a></li></ul></li> <li>Ukraine <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cossack_Mamay" title="Cossack Mamay">Cossack Mamay</a></li></ul></li> <li>United Kingdom <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Britannia" title="Britannia">Britannia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Bull" title="John Bull">John Bull</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Morewood_Staniforth#Dame_Wales" title="Joseph Morewood Staniforth">Dame Wales</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Welsh_Dragon" title="Welsh Dragon">Welsh Dragon</a></li></ul></li> <li>United States <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Brother_Jonathan" title="Brother Jonathan">Brother Jonathan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Columbia_(personification)" title="Columbia (personification)">Columbia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberty_(personification)" title="Liberty (personification)">Lady Liberty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lady_Justice" title="Lady Justice">Lady Justice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uncle_Sam" title="Uncle Sam">Uncle Sam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Billy_Yank" title="Billy Yank">Billy Yank</a> <ul><li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Union_(American_Civil_War)" title="Union (American Civil War)">Northern states</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johnny_Reb" title="Johnny Reb">Johnny Reb</a> <ul><li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Confederate_States_of_America" title="Confederate States of America">Southern states</a></span></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Countryballs" title="Countryballs">Countryballs</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Liberty_symbols" title="Category:Liberty symbols">Other symbols of Liberty</a></li></ul> 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