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<span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon 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<div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Slavic people in the former Roman province</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Slav-7-8-obrez.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Slav-7-8-obrez.png/220px-Slav-7-8-obrez.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="242" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Slav-7-8-obrez.png/330px-Slav-7-8-obrez.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Slav-7-8-obrez.png/440px-Slav-7-8-obrez.png 2x" data-file-width="3051" data-file-height="3359" /></a><figcaption>Slavic migration and settlement during the <a href="/wiki/Early_Middle_Ages" title="Early Middle Ages">Early Middle Ages</a>, including the region of <a href="/wiki/Pannonia" title="Pannonia">Pannonia</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/wiki/Early_Slavs" title="Early Slavs">Early Slavs</a> settled in the eastern and southern parts of the former Roman province of <a href="/wiki/Pannonia" title="Pannonia">Pannonia</a>. The term <i>Lower Pannonia</i> (<a href="/wiki/Latin_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Latin language">Latin</a>: <i lang="la">Pannonia inferior</i>, <a href="/wiki/Hungarian_language" title="Hungarian language">Hungarian</a>: <i lang="hu">Alsó-pannoniai grófság</i>, <a href="/wiki/Serbo-Croatian_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Serbo-Croatian language">Serbo-Croatian</a>: <i lang="sh">Donja Panonija</i>, <span title="Serbo-Croatian-language text"><span lang="sh">Доња Панонија</span></span>, <a href="/wiki/Slovene_language" title="Slovene language">Slovene</a>: <i lang="sl">Spodnja Panonija</i>) was used to designate those areas of the <a href="/wiki/Pannonian_plain" class="mw-redirect" title="Pannonian plain">Pannonian plain</a> that lie to the east and south of the river <a href="/wiki/R%C3%A1ba" title="Rába">Rába</a>, with the division into <i>Upper</i> and <i>Lower</i> inherited from the Roman terminology. </p><p>From the middle of the 6th to the end of the 8th century, the region was under the domination of the <a href="/wiki/Pannonian_Avars" title="Pannonian Avars">Avars</a>, while the Slavic inhabitants lived under Avar rule. By the beginning of the 9th century, after <a href="/wiki/Avar_Wars" title="Avar Wars">Avar Wars</a>, that state was destroyed and replaced by the supreme rule of the <a href="/wiki/Frankish_Empire" class="mw-redirect" title="Frankish Empire">Frankish Empire</a>, which lasted until the <a href="/wiki/Hungarian_conquest_of_the_Carpathian_Basin" title="Hungarian conquest of the Carpathian Basin">Magyar conquest</a> (c. 900).<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBowlus1995_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBowlus1995-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGoldberg2006_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGoldberg2006-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELuthar2008_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELuthar2008-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>During the Frankish period, the region of Lower Pannonia was governed by local Slavic rulers, who were under the suzerainty of Frankish kings. Within the Frankish administrative system, the <a href="/wiki/March_of_Pannonia" title="March of Pannonia">March of Pannonia</a> was created, with direct Frankish rule exercised in <i>Upper Pannonia</i> through Frankish counts, while <i>Lower Pannonia</i> was governed as a principality by local Slavic princes, under the supreme Frankish rule. During the 9th century, Frankish domination in Lower Pannonia was also contested by the <a href="/wiki/First_Bulgarian_Empire" title="First Bulgarian Empire">Bulgarian Empire</a> and <a href="/wiki/Great_Moravia" title="Great Moravia">Great Moravia</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBowlus1995_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBowlus1995-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGoldberg2006_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGoldberg2006-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBetti2013_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBetti2013-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>By the 10th century, the <a href="/wiki/Hungarian_conquest_of_the_Carpathian_Basin" title="Hungarian conquest of the Carpathian Basin">Hungarian conquest of the Carpathian Basin</a> effectively split the Slavic communities in the region in two, leading to the formation of the <a href="/wiki/West_Slavs" title="West Slavs">West Slavs</a> and the <a href="/wiki/South_Slavs" title="South Slavs">South Slavs</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Background">Background</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Slavs_in_Lower_Pannonia&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Background"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Pannonia03_en.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Pannonia03_en.png/250px-Pannonia03_en.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="224" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Pannonia03_en.png/375px-Pannonia03_en.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Pannonia03_en.png/500px-Pannonia03_en.png 2x" data-file-width="1001" data-file-height="898" /></a><figcaption>Pannonia was the name of Roman provinces in the area.</figcaption></figure> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Pannonian_Avars" title="Pannonian Avars">Pannonian Avars</a>, <a href="/wiki/Early_Slavs" title="Early Slavs">Early Slavs</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sclaveni" title="Sclaveni">Sclaveni</a>, <a href="/wiki/Antes_(people)" class="mw-redirect" title="Antes (people)">Antes (people)</a>, <a href="/wiki/Slavic_migrations_to_Southeastern_Europe" class="mw-redirect" title="Slavic migrations to Southeastern Europe">Slavic migrations to Southeastern Europe</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Origin_hypotheses_of_the_Croats" title="Origin hypotheses of the Croats">Origin hypotheses of the Croats</a></div> <p>Roman rule in <a href="/wiki/Pannonia" title="Pannonia">Pannonian</a> regions collapsed during the 5th century, and was replaced by subsequent domination of <a href="/wiki/Huns" title="Huns">Huns</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ostrogoths" title="Ostrogoths">Goths</a> and <a href="/wiki/Langobards" class="mw-redirect" title="Langobards">Langobards</a>. During the reign of Byzantine Emperor <a href="/wiki/Justin_II" title="Justin II">Justin II</a> (565–578), and following the <a href="/wiki/Lombard%E2%80%93Gepid_War_(567)" title="Lombard–Gepid War (567)">Lombard-Gepid War</a> in 567, Pannonia was invaded by <a href="/wiki/Pannonian_Avars" title="Pannonian Avars">Avars</a> who subsequently conquered almost entire <a href="/wiki/Pannonian_Plain" class="mw-redirect" title="Pannonian Plain">Pannonian Plain</a> (568). Although it is possible that some small Proto-Slavic groups could have arrived in the "middle of the 5th century and the time of Hunnish domination",<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGračanin2008b13–54_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGračanin2008b13–54-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> during the 6th and 7th centuries, Pannonian regions were certainly inhabited by <a href="/wiki/Early_Slavs" title="Early Slavs">Slavs</a>, who were under the Avarian rule.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBarker1966214–215_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBarker1966214–215-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBudak201861–63,_71–72_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBudak201861–63,_71–72-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Principality">Principality</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Slavs_in_Lower_Pannonia&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Principality"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1043282317">.mw-parser-output .ib-country{border-collapse:collapse;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country td,.mw-parser-output .ib-country th{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedtoprow .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedtoprow .infobox-label,.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedtoprow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedtoprow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedtoprow .infobox-below{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedrow .infobox-label,.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedrow .infobox-full-data{border:0;padding:0 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedbottomrow .infobox-label,.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedbottomrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedbottomrow .infobox-full-data{border-top:0;border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country .infobox-header{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .ib-country .infobox-above{font-size:125%;line-height:1.2}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-names{padding-top:0.25em;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-name-style{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .ib-country .infobox-image{padding:0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-anthem{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding-top:0.5em;margin-top:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-map-caption{position:relative;top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-largest,.mw-parser-output .ib-country-lang{font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-ethnic,.mw-parser-output .ib-country-religion,.mw-parser-output .ib-country-sovereignty{font-weight:normal;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-fake-li{text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-fake-li2{text-indent:0.5em;margin-left:1em;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-website{line-height:11pt}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-map-caption3{position:relative;top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-fn{text-align:left;margin:0 auto}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-fn-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-fn-num{margin-left:1em}</style><table class="infobox ib-country vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above adr"><div class="fn org country-name">Principality of Lower Pannonia<br />Balaton Principality</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader">Late 8th/Early 9th century–895</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Territory_governed_by_Braslav.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Realm under Braslav (Balaton Principality and Posavina)"><img alt="Realm under Braslav (Balaton Principality and Posavina)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Territory_governed_by_Braslav.png/250px-Territory_governed_by_Braslav.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="176" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Territory_governed_by_Braslav.png/375px-Territory_governed_by_Braslav.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Territory_governed_by_Braslav.png/500px-Territory_governed_by_Braslav.png 2x" data-file-width="736" data-file-height="518" /></a></span><div class="ib-country-map-caption">Realm under Braslav (<i>Balaton Principality</i> and <a href="/wiki/Posavina" title="Posavina">Posavina</a>)</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Capital</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Zalav%C3%A1r" title="Zalavár">Mosapurc (Zalavár)</a>, <a href="/wiki/Siscia" class="mw-redirect" title="Siscia">Siscia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Blatnohrad" class="mw-redirect" title="Blatnohrad">Blatnohrad</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Religion <div class="ib-country-religion"></div></th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Historical_Slavic_religion" class="mw-redirect" title="Historical Slavic religion">Slavic paganism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christianization_of_the_Slavs" title="Christianization of the Slavs">Slavic Christianity</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Government</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Principality" title="Principality">Principality</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Historical era</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Early_Middle_Ages" title="Early Middle Ages">Early Middle Ages</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• Established </div></th><td class="infobox-data">Late 8th/Early 9th century</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• Disestablished </div></th><td class="infobox-data">895</td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"> <table style="width:95%; text-align:center; margin:0 auto; display:inline-table;"> <tbody><tr> <td style="text-align:center; border:0; padding-bottom:0"><div id="before-after"></div> <b>Preceded by</b></td> <td style="text-align:center;border:0; padding-bottom:0;"><b>Succeeded by</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="vertical-align:top; text-align:center; border:0;"> <table style="width:100%; text-align:center; margin:0 auto; border:0;"> <tbody><tr> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/d/d2/Blank.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3" data-file-height="2" /></span></span> </td> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle; text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Avar_Khaganate" class="mw-redirect" title="Avar Khaganate">Avar Khaganate</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/d/d2/Blank.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3" data-file-height="2" /></span></span> </td> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle; text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/White_Croatia" title="White Croatia">White Croatia</a> </td></tr> </tbody></table> </td> <td style="vertical-align:top; text-align:center;border:0;"> <table style="width:92%; text-align:center; margin:0 auto; border:0;"> <tbody><tr> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle; text-align:right;"><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Croatia_(925%E2%80%931102)" title="Kingdom of Croatia (925–1102)">Kingdom of Croatia</a> </td> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/d/d2/Blank.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3" data-file-height="2" /></span></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle; text-align:right;"><a href="/wiki/Principality_of_Hungary" title="Principality of Hungary">Principality of Hungary</a> </td> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/d/d2/Blank.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3" data-file-height="2" /></span></span> </td></tr> </tbody></table> </td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>During the <a href="/wiki/Frankish_Empire" class="mw-redirect" title="Frankish Empire">Frankish</a> war against Avars, the <i><a href="/wiki/Royal_Frankish_Annals" title="Royal Frankish Annals">Royal Frankish Annals</a></i> made mention of a <i><a href="/wiki/Wonomyrus_Sclavus" class="mw-redirect" title="Wonomyrus Sclavus">Wonomyrus Sclavus</a></i> (Vojnomir the Slav or Zvonomir the Slav) active in 795. <a href="/wiki/Eric_of_Friuli" title="Eric of Friuli">Eric, Duke of Friuli</a>, sent Vojnomir with his army into Pannonia, between the <a href="/wiki/Danube" title="Danube">Danube</a> and <a href="/wiki/Tisza" title="Tisza">Tisza</a>, where they pillaged the Avars' dominions. The next year the Avars were defeated and Frankish power was extended further east, to the central Danube.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELuthar200894–95_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELuthar200894–95-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the mid-9th century, Lower Pannonia was already inhabited by a Slavic majority (besides "Pannonian Slavs" including <a href="/wiki/Dulebes" title="Dulebes">Dulebes</a> and possibly some <a href="/wiki/White_Croats" title="White Croats">Croats</a><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFilipec201529–30,_337_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFilipec201529–30,_337-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>),<sup id="cite_ref-armije1968_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-armije1968-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and Christian Avars were also found in Lower Pannonia in 873.<sup id="cite_ref-Menges1953_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Menges1953-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>After the destruction of the Avarian state, Pannonian Slavs came under the Frankish rule. Initially, local Slavic princes were under Frankish suzerainty, within the <a href="/wiki/March_of_Pannonia" title="March of Pannonia">March of Pannonia</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELuthar2008105_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELuthar2008105-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and some of them are known from Frankish primary sources. Prince <a href="/wiki/Ljudevit_(Lower_Pannonia)" title="Ljudevit (Lower Pannonia)">Ljudevit</a> was mentioned in the <i>Royal Frankish Annals</i> as <i>Duke of Lower Pannonia</i> (<a href="/wiki/Latin_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Latin language">Latin</a>: <i lang="la">Liudewiti, ducis Pannoniae inferioris</i>),<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPertz184575_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPertz184575-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEScholz1970104_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEScholz1970104-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> having led an uprising against the Franks (811–822).<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBudak2018180_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBudak2018180-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Their motives aren't known but it's presumed to have been led by the desire for greater autonomy.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBudak2018180–181_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBudak2018180–181-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He was joined by the <a href="/wiki/Carantanians" title="Carantanians">Carantanians</a>, <a href="/wiki/Carniola" title="Carniola">Carniolans</a>, reportedly Slavs around <a href="/wiki/Salzburg" title="Salzburg">Salzburg</a> and was supported by <a href="/w/index.php?title=Fortunatus_II&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fortunatus II (page does not exist)">Fortunatus II</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fortunatus_II." class="extiw" title="de:Fortunatus II.">de</a>]</span> (<a href="/wiki/Patriarch_of_Grado" title="Patriarch of Grado">Patriarch of Grado</a>) - which was a substantial threat as their strength partly mirrored the former Avar Khaganate.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBudak2018181_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBudak2018181-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> His stronghold was in <a href="/wiki/Sisak" title="Sisak">Sisak</a> (<a href="/wiki/Latin_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Latin language">Latin</a>: <i lang="la">Siscia</i>), former metropolis of ancient Roman province <a href="/wiki/Pannonia_Savia" title="Pannonia Savia">Pannonia Savia</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPertz1845835_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPertz1845835-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEScholz1970111_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEScholz1970111-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, the exact boundaries of his principality are uncertain as the term of Lower Pannonian could have implied both the lands between the river <a href="/wiki/Drava" title="Drava">Drava</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sava" title="Sava">Sava</a> as well as north of them and east of them in the former Roman province <a href="/wiki/Pannonia_Secunda" title="Pannonia Secunda">Pannonia Secunda</a> (today's <a href="/wiki/Syrmia" title="Syrmia">Syrmia</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBudak2018180_15-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBudak2018180-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Possibly his rule expanded further to the east because in the historical sources is said to have been joined by the tribe of <a href="/wiki/Timo%C4%8Dani" title="Timočani">Timočani</a> who lived around <a href="/wiki/Timok_Valley" title="Timok Valley">Timok Valley</a> (in today's eastern Serbia). The size of the principality had to be proportional to the resources needed to rebel against the military forces of <a href="/wiki/Borna_(duke)" title="Borna (duke)">Borna of Dalmatia</a> and Franks.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBudak2018180–181_16-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBudak2018180–181-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>After Ljudevit's failed uprising and death,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBudak2018181–182_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBudak2018181–182-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> in 827 the <a href="/wiki/Bulgars" title="Bulgars">Bulgars</a> under Great Khan <a href="/wiki/Omurtag_of_Bulgaria" title="Omurtag of Bulgaria">Omurtag</a> invaded and conquered Lower Pannonia and parts of Frankish territories to the north.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBowlus199591,_06–97_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBowlus199591,_06–97-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGoldberg200649_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGoldberg200649-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They also installed their own governors.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBudak2018182_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBudak2018182-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Bulgarian-Frankish conflict was probably spurred over the control of the tribes of Timočani and <a href="/wiki/Praedenecenti" title="Praedenecenti">Abodrites</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBudak2018182_23-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBudak2018182-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> German King <a href="/wiki/Louis_the_German" title="Louis the German">Louis</a> in 828 made a counterattack and eventually <a href="/wiki/March_of_Friuli" title="March of Friuli">March of Friuli</a> was divided into four counties. One of them probably was early <a href="/wiki/Duchy_of_Croatia" title="Duchy of Croatia">Duchy of Croatia</a> (which also expanded upon the territory of Sisak<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBudak2018182–183_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBudak2018182–183-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>) while Pannonia again became part of the Pannonian March, both of which vassals to <a href="/wiki/East_Francia" title="East Francia">East Francia</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBudak2018182_23-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBudak2018182-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The next year Bulgars made another attack but without further success, although the territory of Pannonia most probably lost its eastern part to the <a href="/wiki/First_Bulgarian_Empire" title="First Bulgarian Empire">First Bulgarian Empire</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBudak2018182_23-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBudak2018182-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>After that, in 838 a local Slavic prince <a href="/wiki/Ratimir,_Duke_of_Lower_Pannonia" title="Ratimir, Duke of Lower Pannonia">Ratimir</a> emerged as the new ruler in Lower Pannonian regions, around rivers Drava and Sava. He probably ruled the eastern areas of Pannonia and was a Bulgar's governor.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBudak2018183_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBudak2018183-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> To him fled <a href="/wiki/Pribina" title="Pribina">Pribina</a>, former prince of the <a href="/wiki/Principality_of_Nitra" title="Principality of Nitra">Principality of Nitra</a> expelled by <a href="/wiki/Mojmir_I_of_Moravia" title="Mojmir I of Moravia">Mojmir I of Moravia</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBudak2018138,_183_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBudak2018138,_183-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the same year Frankish count <a href="/wiki/Radbod_of_the_East_March" class="mw-redirect" title="Radbod of the East March">Radbod of the East March</a> deposed Ratimir and strengthened Frankish rule in Lower Pannonia.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBowlus199599–100,_102,_104_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBowlus199599–100,_102,_104-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ratimir fled the land, and the Franks instated Slavic prince Pribina as the new ruler of Lower Pannonia.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGoldberg200683–85_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGoldberg200683–85-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBudak2018183_25-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBudak2018183-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Pribina (d. 861) was succeeded by his son, prince <a href="/wiki/Kocel" title="Kocel">Kocel</a>. During the rule of Pribina and Kocel, capital of the Principality of Lower Pannonia was Mosapurc (<i>Mosapurc regia civitate</i>),<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBowlus1995204–220_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBowlus1995204–220-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> also known in <a href="/wiki/Old_Church_Slavonic" title="Old Church Slavonic">Old-Slavonic</a> as <i>Blatnograd</i> (modern <a href="/wiki/Zalav%C3%A1r" title="Zalavár">Zalavár</a> near <a href="/wiki/Lake_Balaton" title="Lake Balaton">Lake Balaton</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESzőke2007411–428_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESzőke2007411–428-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The polity was a vassal <a href="/wiki/Principality" title="Principality">principality</a> of the Frankish Empire,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEŠkvarna200219–20_31-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEŠkvarna200219–20-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> or according to others,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESzőke2007411_32-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESzőke2007411-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> a frontier <a href="/wiki/County" title="County">county</a> (<a href="/wiki/Latin_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Latin language">Latin</a>: <i lang="la">comitatus</i>) of the <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Frankish_Kingdom" class="mw-redirect" title="Eastern Frankish Kingdom">Eastern Frankish Kingdom</a>. It was initially led by a <i><a href="/wiki/Dux" title="Dux">dux</a></i> (Pribina) and later by a <i><a href="/wiki/Comes" title="Comes">comes</a></i> (Kocel) who was titled as "<i>Count of the Slavs</i>" (<a href="/wiki/Latin_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Latin language">Latin</a>: <i lang="la">Comes de Sclauis</i>).<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELuthar2008105_12-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELuthar2008105-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Their authority stretched towards the northwest up to the <a href="/wiki/R%C3%A1ba" title="Rába">Rába</a> river and <a href="/wiki/Ptuj" title="Ptuj">Ptuj</a>, and to the southeast up to the <a href="/wiki/Baranya_(region)" title="Baranya (region)">Baranya</a> region and the Danube river.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELuthar2008105_12-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELuthar2008105-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> During the time of Kocel, Byzantine missionary <a href="/wiki/Saints_Cyril_and_Methodius" class="mw-redirect" title="Saints Cyril and Methodius">Methodius</a> was active in Lower Pannonia,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBudak2018139,_184_33-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBudak2018139,_184-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and to the same period is dated <a href="/wiki/Pope_John_VIII" title="Pope John VIII">Pope John VIII</a>'s letter to uncertain <i>dux</i> Mutimir, commonly considered to be <a href="/wiki/Mutimir_of_Serbia" title="Mutimir of Serbia">Mutimir of Serbia</a>,<sup id="ref_a_1" class="reference"><a href="#cnote_a">[a]</a></sup> about the formation of the <a href="/wiki/Diocese_of_Pannonia" title="Diocese of Pannonia">Diocese of Pannonia</a> with the seat in <a href="/wiki/Sirmium" title="Sirmium">Sirmium</a> and which archbishop at Kocel's request was Methodius (see also <a href="/wiki/Archbishopric_of_Moravia" title="Archbishopric of Moravia">Archbishopric of Moravia</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBudak2018184_34-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBudak2018184-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The course of events by the end of the 9th century is unclear. Although still under the Frankish influence, a new threat was coming from <a href="/wiki/Svatopluk_I_of_Moravia" title="Svatopluk I of Moravia">Svatopluk I of Moravia</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBudak2018184_34-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBudak2018184-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Braslav,_Duke_of_Lower_Pannonia" title="Braslav, Duke of Lower Pannonia">Braslav</a> was the last <i>dux</i> of Lower Pannonia between at least 884 and 896.<sup id="cite_ref-JAZU-16-8_35-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-JAZU-16-8-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> His territory initially spanned between the Drava and Sava, which he held under the overlordship of <a href="/wiki/Arnulf_of_Carinthia" title="Arnulf of Carinthia">Arnulf of Carinthia</a>. He participated in the <a href="/wiki/Frankish%E2%80%93Moravian_War" class="mw-redirect" title="Frankish–Moravian War">Frankish–Moravian War</a>, and in 895 or 896 Arnulf handed over Pannonia to him in order to secure the Frankish frontier against a new threat - the <a href="/wiki/Principality_of_Hungary" title="Principality of Hungary">Hungarians</a> who conquered <a href="/wiki/Great_Moravia" title="Great Moravia">Great Moravia</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELuthar2008110–111_36-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELuthar2008110–111-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBudak2018184–185_37-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBudak2018184–185-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, the <a href="/wiki/Hungarian_conquest_of_the_Carpathian_Basin" title="Hungarian conquest of the Carpathian Basin">Hungarians subsequently overran</a> all of Pannonian Basin and continued into <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Italy_(Holy_Roman_Empire)" title="Kingdom of Italy (Holy Roman Empire)">Kingdom of Italy</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBudak2018185_38-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBudak2018185-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Kos1960_39-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kos1960-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Aftermath">Aftermath</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Slavs_in_Lower_Pannonia&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Aftermath"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Following the rise of the <a href="/wiki/Principality_of_Hungary" title="Principality of Hungary">Principality of Hungary</a> in the mid 890s, and especially after <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Pressburg" title="Battle of Pressburg">Battle of Pressburg</a> (907),<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFilipec2015338_40-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFilipec2015338-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> no further Slavic rulers were recorded in the regions of Lower Pannonia. The Hungarian conquest separated the <a href="/wiki/West_Slavs" title="West Slavs">West Slavs</a> from the <a href="/wiki/South_Slavs" title="South Slavs">South Slavs</a> which influenced the formation of new Slavic identities.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBudak2018142_41-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBudak2018142-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Part of Moravian Slavs also fled to the Duchy of Croatia.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBudak2018185_38-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBudak2018185-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It seems that the new border between Croatia and Hungary was north of the town of Sisak based on a recent archaeological finding of a "<a href="/wiki/Knyaz#Croatia" title="Knyaz">knez</a> from Bojna" near <a href="/wiki/Glina,_Croatia" title="Glina, Croatia">Glina</a> and that the diocese with the seat in Sisak was offered at the <a href="/wiki/Councils_of_Split" title="Councils of Split">council of Split</a> (928) to bishop <a href="/wiki/Gregory_of_Nin" title="Gregory of Nin">Gregory of Nin</a>, which could have only been possible if it was within the borders of the <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Croatia_(925%E2%80%931102)" title="Kingdom of Croatia (925–1102)">Kingdom of Croatia</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBudak2018183_25-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBudak2018183-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the mid 920s, <a href="/wiki/Tomislav_of_Croatia" class="mw-redirect" title="Tomislav of Croatia">Tomislav of Croatia</a> expanded his rule to some Lower Pannonian territories, between Sava and Drava, adding them to the Croatian kingdom.<sup id="cite_ref-JLZ_42-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-JLZ-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Until the end of the 11th century its western border was also contested by the <a href="/wiki/Holy_Roman_Empire" title="Holy Roman Empire">Holy Roman Empire</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFilipec2015338_40-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFilipec2015338-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and in the same time, southeastern Pannonian regions (<a href="/wiki/Syrmia" title="Syrmia">Syrmia</a>) were contested between Hungarians and Bulgarians throughout the 10th century. There has remained a general uncertainty and dispute over the borders between the Croatian and Hungarian states in the 10th and 11th century, with Croatian historian <a href="/wiki/Ferdo_%C5%A0i%C5%A1i%C4%87" title="Ferdo Šišić">Ferdo Šišić</a> and his followers assuming Tomislav of Croatia had ruled most of the area inhabited by Croats, including southern Pannonian regions (<a href="/wiki/Slavonia" title="Slavonia">Slavonia</a>), while the Hungarian historians <a href="/wiki/Gyula_Krist%C3%B3" title="Gyula Kristó">Gyula Kristó</a>, <a href="/wiki/B%C3%A1lint_H%C3%B3man" title="Bálint Hóman">Bálint Hóman</a> and <a href="/w/index.php?title=J%C3%A1nos_Kar%C3%A1csonyi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="János Karácsonyi (page does not exist)">János Karácsonyi</a> thought the area between Drava and Sava rivers belonged neither to Croatia nor to Hungary at the time, an opinion that <a href="/wiki/Nada_Klai%C4%87" title="Nada Klaić">Nada Klaić</a> said she would not preclude, because the generic name "Slavonia" (lit. the land of the Slavs) may have implied so.<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However it was probably more connected and under influence of Croatia.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFilipec2015338_40-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFilipec2015338-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> With the continued growth of population, the formation of the church and administrative organization, including the founding of the <a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Archdiocese_of_Zagreb" title="Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Zagreb">diocese of Zagreb</a> (1094), even after <a href="/wiki/Croatia_in_union_with_Hungary" class="mw-redirect" title="Croatia in union with Hungary">Croatia entered a personal union</a> with the <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Hungary" title="Kingdom of Hungary">Kingdom of Hungary</a> it retained partial autonomy having governor titled as <a href="/wiki/Ban_of_Slavonia" title="Ban of Slavonia">Ban of Slavonia</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFilipec2015338–339_44-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFilipec2015338–339-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Archaeology">Archaeology</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Slavs_in_Lower_Pannonia&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Archaeology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The population's inhumation practices and rituals differed and mixed upon various cultural and ethnic influences.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBudak2018178_45-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBudak2018178-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Even after the Frankish defeat of Avars and the process of <a href="/wiki/Christianization" title="Christianization">Christianization</a> some pagan practices and rituals did not change, like a cemetery in rows, feasting at the funeral or steppe burial rite with horse and equipment.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBudak2018178–179_46-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBudak2018178–179-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Many new settlements were founded around ancient towns and one of them, Sisak, was even the seat of a Christian <a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Diocese_of_Sisak" title="Roman Catholic Diocese of Sisak">diocese</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBudak2018179_47-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBudak2018179-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The native and mainly sedentary Slavic population assimilated Avars and was part of Avaro-Slavic Middle <a href="/wiki/Podunavlje" title="Podunavlje">Podunavlje</a> culture.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESedov1995412_48-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESedov1995412-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Sedov considered that those Slavs were a mixture of <a href="/wiki/Sclaveni" title="Sclaveni">Sclaveni</a> of <a href="/wiki/Prague-Korchak_culture" title="Prague-Korchak culture">Prague-Korchak culture</a> and mostly <a href="/wiki/Antes_(people)" class="mw-redirect" title="Antes (people)">Antes</a> of <a href="/wiki/Penkovka_culture" title="Penkovka culture">Penkovka</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ipotesti%E2%80%93Candesti_culture" class="mw-redirect" title="Ipotesti–Candesti culture">Ipotesti–Candesti culture</a> with some Martinovka culture <a href="/wiki/Artifact_(archaeology)" title="Artifact (archaeology)">artifacts</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESedov1995159–169_49-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESedov1995159–169-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to M. Guštin and L. Bekić, radiocarbon dating confirmed dating to late 6th and early 7th century, but although the Pannonian and near <a href="/wiki/Slavic_settlement_of_the_Eastern_Alps" title="Slavic settlement of the Eastern Alps">Alpine Slavs</a> material culture had features of both Korchak and Penkovka-type, predominates Korchak-type with parallels in northern Slovenia, Austria and Hungary (among others from western Slovakia and Czechia's region of Moravia up to Ukraine, Poland, eastern Germany and Romania), indicating mostly migration to northern Croatia through the <a href="/wiki/Moravian_Gate" title="Moravian Gate">Moravian Gate</a> between eastern Austria and western Hungary, but not excluding another migration wave from Lower and Middle Danube, upstream of the river Sava and Drava.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGuštin2007292–296_50-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGuštin2007292–296-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Later they also assimilated Hungarians, but eventually through the administrative system were linguistically assimilated by the Hungarians themselves.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESedov1995413–420_54-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESedov1995413–420-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the 10th century, a so-called <a href="/wiki/Bijelo_Brdo_culture" title="Bijelo Brdo culture">Bijelo Brdo culture</a> was formed due to interaction with the Hungarians, located in the area of Podunavlje.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESedov1995418–419_55-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESedov1995418–419-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>According to the <a href="/wiki/Craniometry" title="Craniometry">craniometrical</a> measurements and archaeological findings early Croats probably did not initially settle in Lower Pannonia and their relationship with Pannonian Slavs was more political rather than ethnic.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGračanin2008a71–72_56-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGračanin2008a71–72-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Others argue that the "Bijelo Brdo and Vukovar cemeteries can hardly be regarded evidence of a pre-Croatian Slavic population in northern Croatia" and they rather "represent a population fleeing the Magyars" during the 10th century".<sup id="cite_ref-Sokol2015_57-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sokol2015-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Those Slavs who migrated to the territory of present-day <a href="/wiki/Lower_Austria" title="Lower Austria">Lower</a> and <a href="/wiki/Upper_Austria" title="Upper Austria">Upper Austria</a>, first already during the time of Langobards as carriers of Prague-Korchak culture while majority from 7th and 8th century belonged to Avaro-Slavic culture, were assimilated by the <a href="/wiki/Duchy_of_Bavaria" title="Duchy of Bavaria">Bavarians</a> until the end of the 12th century.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESedov1995420–425_58-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESedov1995420–425-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="In_Croatian_historiography">In Croatian historiography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Slavs_in_Lower_Pannonia&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: In Croatian historiography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Contemporary Latin sources referred to the region as <i>Pannonia inferior</i> (Lower Pannonia),<sup id="cite_ref-JAZU-16-8_35-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-JAZU-16-8-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-BS-114_59-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BS-114-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and its inhabitants in general terms of Slavs and Pannonians.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBudak2018180_15-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBudak2018180-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Nevertheless a whole century under the foreign Frankish rule there did not emerge a single <i>gens</i> with a specific identity for the population.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBudak2018185_38-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBudak2018185-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the 19th and 20th century <a href="/wiki/Croatian_historiography" title="Croatian historiography">Croatian historiography</a>, the focus was usually placed on the polity between the rivers <a href="/wiki/Drava" title="Drava">Drava</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sava" title="Sava">Sava</a>. They referred to the polity as <i><b>Pannonian Croatia</b></i> (<a href="/wiki/Croatian_language" title="Croatian language">Croatian</a>: <i lang="hr">Panonska Hrvatska</i>), to describe this entity in a manner that emphasized its Croatian nature, mainly based on <i><a href="/wiki/De_Administrando_Imperio" title="De Administrando Imperio">De Administrando Imperio</a></i> (DAI) chapter 30.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGračanin2008a_60-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGračanin2008a-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> While DAI claims that a part of the Dalmatian <a href="/wiki/Croats" title="Croats">Croats</a> had moved into Pannonia in the 7th century and ruled over it, some modern analysis of sources indicate this was unlikely. Nevertheless, according to Croatian historian Hrvoje Gračanin, the traditions and language of the Slavs of southern Pannonia did not differ from those in <a href="/wiki/Dalmatia" title="Dalmatia">Dalmatia</a>, so during the periods when Frankish sources did not record a specific ruler of Lower Pannonia, it is possible that the Croatian dukes of Dalmatia, who were also Frankish vassals at the time, extended control over the region.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGračanin2008a_60-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGračanin2008a-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Croat name was not used in contemporary sources, until the late 9th century, rendering the name anachronistic before then,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGračanin2008a_60-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGračanin2008a-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGoldstein1984241–242_61-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGoldstein1984241–242-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> but many toponyms deriving from the <a href="/wiki/Names_of_the_Croats_and_Croatia" title="Names of the Croats and Croatia">Croatian ethnonym</a> are very old and at least from the period between 11th and 12th century.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPetković2006241_62-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPetković2006241-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> While the term "Croat" was not used in sources about Pannonia, the rulers of the <a href="/wiki/Trpimirovi%C4%87_dynasty" title="Trpimirović dynasty">Trpimirović dynasty</a> after <a href="/wiki/Trpimir" title="Trpimir">Trpimir</a> called themselves the rulers of the Croats and of the Slavs.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFine200528_63-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFine200528-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Since "Pannonian Croatia" politically and ethnically never existed, being a historiographical and not historical term, it is abandoned in modern Croatian historiography which uses instead the term "Donja Panonija" (Lower Pannonia).<sup id="cite_ref-Hrvenciklopedija_64-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hrvenciklopedija-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGračanin2008a74_65-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGračanin2008a74-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFilipec201517,_29,_194_66-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFilipec201517,_29,_194-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Rulers">Rulers</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Slavs_in_Lower_Pannonia&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Rulers"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The continuity of Slavic rulers in Lower Pannonia is unclear, and they were not consistently part of a ruling dynasty, unlike those in the north (<a href="/wiki/House_of_Mojmir" class="mw-redirect" title="House of Mojmir">House of Mojmir</a>) and the south (<a href="/wiki/House_of_Trpimir" class="mw-redirect" title="House of Trpimir">House of Trpimir</a>). </p> <table class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center"> <tbody><tr> <th>Monarch </th> <th>Reign </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Vojnomir" title="Vojnomir">Vojnomir</a> </td> <td>ca. 790–810 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Ljudevit_Posavski.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Ljudevit_Posavski.jpg/50px-Ljudevit_Posavski.jpg" decoding="async" width="50" height="36" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Ljudevit_Posavski.jpg/75px-Ljudevit_Posavski.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Ljudevit_Posavski.jpg/100px-Ljudevit_Posavski.jpg 2x" data-file-width="643" data-file-height="460" /></a></span><br /><a href="/wiki/Ljudevit_(Lower_Pannonia)" title="Ljudevit (Lower Pannonia)">Ljudevit</a> </td> <td>ca. 810–823 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Ratimir,_Duke_of_Lower_Pannonia" title="Ratimir, Duke of Lower Pannonia">Ratimir</a> </td> <td>ca. 829–838 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Pribina,_Nitra_(2008).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/Pribina%2C_Nitra_%282008%29.jpg/50px-Pribina%2C_Nitra_%282008%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="50" height="67" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/Pribina%2C_Nitra_%282008%29.jpg/75px-Pribina%2C_Nitra_%282008%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/Pribina%2C_Nitra_%282008%29.jpg/100px-Pribina%2C_Nitra_%282008%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="575" data-file-height="768" /></a></span><br /><a href="/wiki/Pribina" title="Pribina">Pribina</a> </td> <td>ca. 846–861 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Kocel.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Kocel.jpg/50px-Kocel.jpg" decoding="async" width="50" height="79" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Kocel.jpg/75px-Kocel.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Kocel.jpg/100px-Kocel.jpg 2x" data-file-width="504" data-file-height="800" /></a></span><br /><a href="/wiki/Kocel" title="Kocel">Kocel</a> </td> <td>ca. 861–876 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Braslav,_Duke_of_Lower_Pannonia" title="Braslav, Duke of Lower Pannonia">Braslav</a> </td> <td>ca. 882–896 </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Slavs_in_Lower_Pannonia&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_Slavic_history_and_culture" title="Outline of Slavic history and culture">Outline of Slavic history and culture</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Annotations">Annotations</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Slavs_in_Lower_Pannonia&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Annotations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div style=""><ol class="references" style="list-style-type:upper-alpha;"> <li id="cnote_a"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#ref_a_1">^</a></b></span> <div style="display:inline;" class="reference-text">There exist different interpretations about the identity of <i>dux</i> Mutimir as in the same time lived two or three personalities with the same or similar name: <a href="/wiki/Mutimir_of_Serbia" title="Mutimir of Serbia">Mutimir of Serbia</a> (c. 850–891), <a href="/wiki/Muncimir_of_Croatia" class="mw-redirect" title="Muncimir of Croatia">Muncimir of Croatia</a> (c. 892–910) and possibly unknown Mutimir who ruled in the region of Syrmia as a vassal of the <a href="/wiki/First_Bulgarian_Empire" title="First Bulgarian Empire">First Bulgarian Empire</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBudak2018184_34-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBudak2018184-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Slavs_in_Lower_Pannonia&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBowlus1995-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBowlus1995_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBowlus1995_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBowlus1995">Bowlus 1995</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGoldberg2006-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGoldberg2006_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGoldberg2006_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFGoldberg2006">Goldberg 2006</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELuthar2008-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELuthar2008_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFLuthar2008">Luthar 2008</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBetti2013-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBetti2013_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBetti2013">Betti 2013</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGračanin2008b13–54-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGračanin2008b13–54_5-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFGračanin2008b">Gračanin 2008b</a>, pp. 13–54.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBarker1966214–215-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBarker1966214–215_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBarker1966">Barker 1966</a>, pp. 214–215.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBudak201861–63,_71–72-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBudak201861–63,_71–72_7-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBudak2018">Budak 2018</a>, p. 61–63, 71–72.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELuthar200894–95-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELuthar200894–95_8-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFLuthar2008">Luthar 2008</a>, pp. 94–95.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEFilipec201529–30,_337-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFilipec201529–30,_337_9-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFFilipec2015">Filipec 2015</a>, pp. 29–30, 337:To je vrlo teško dokazivo, ali nije isključeno da su Hrvati, uz druge neimenovane etničke skupine koje su migrirale pod Avarima bili značajnija etnička grupa i u tom području. U Karpatskoj kotlini spominju se, recimo, Du(d)lebi ... jedini imenom posvjedočeni etnik (uz opće nazive za Avare, Slavene, Romane, Germane ili Hune, kao i pokrajinska imena Noričane ili Panonce) u Panoniji 9. st. Također je zanimljivo da se oni, prema kasnijim povijesnim izvorima, spominju u južnoj Češkoj i u Prekomurju i uz dolinu rijeke Kerke, a još poslije nalazi se toponim južno od rijeke Drave (Dulepska u Koprivničko-križevačkoj županiji). Spominju se nadalje Hrvati u Karantaniji, odnosno Koruškoj (u 10. st.), Češkoj i Poljskoj (od 10. st.), Galiciji (u 12. st.) i nekadašnjoj rimskoj provinciji Dalmaciji učestalo od 9. st., ako izuzmemo De administrando imperio (dalje u tekstu DAI) u kojem su zabilježena zbivanja iz 7. st. iako je pisan u drugoj polovini 10. st., a u Panoniji (od 10 st.).29 Sve su to poprilično kasni izvori, ali se ipak prema njima, koliko-toliko, mogu rekonstruirati kretanje, grananje i naseljavanje hrvatskog etnika uz rub Karpatske kotline. Vrlo vjerojatno su Hrvati bili prisutni i u Posavlju i u Panoniji, no izvori ih ne spominju, a sačuvani toponimi najvećim su dijelom nastali u razvijenom srednjem vijeku (polako se pojavljuju poslije sredine 12., a ponajviše poslije sredine 13. st.), kad uopće počinje pisana povijest tog dijela zemlje ... Stanovništvo Panonije bilo je heterogenog sastava; uz Slavene („panonske Slavene“, Hrvate i Duljebe), Avare, Bugare i ostatke Romana treba računati s bavarskim doseljenicima. Slaveni nesumnjivo čine većinu.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-armije1968-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-armije1968_10-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFBelgrade_(Serbia)._Vojni_muzej_Jugoslovenske_narodne_armije1968" class="citation book cs1">Belgrade (Serbia). Vojni muzej Jugoslovenske narodne armije (1968). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=2m8MAQAAMAAJ"><i>Fourteen Centuries of Struggle for Freedom</i></a>. Military Museum. p. xiv. <q>Lower Pannonia In the middle of the ninth century, the Pannonian Slavs constituted the majority of the population of Lower Pannonia.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Fourteen+Centuries+of+Struggle+for+Freedom&rft.pages=xiv&rft.pub=Military+Museum&rft.date=1968&rft.au=Belgrade+%28Serbia%29.+Vojni+muzej+Jugoslovenske+narodne+armije&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D2m8MAQAAMAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASlavs+in+Lower+Pannonia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Menges1953-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Menges1953_11-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKarl_Heinrich_Menges1953" class="citation book cs1">Karl Heinrich Menges (1953). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=s94fAAAAMAAJ"><i>An Outline of the Early History and Migrations of the Slavs</i></a>. Department of Slavic Languages, Columbia University. p. 28. <q>Christian Avars are still mentioned under the year 873 as found in Lower Pannonia.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=An+Outline+of+the+Early+History+and+Migrations+of+the+Slavs&rft.pages=28&rft.pub=Department+of+Slavic+Languages%2C+Columbia+University&rft.date=1953&rft.au=Karl+Heinrich+Menges&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Ds94fAAAAMAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASlavs+in+Lower+Pannonia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELuthar2008105-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELuthar2008105_12-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELuthar2008105_12-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELuthar2008105_12-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFLuthar2008">Luthar 2008</a>, p. 105.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEPertz184575-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPertz184575_13-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFPertz1845">Pertz 1845</a>, p. 75.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEScholz1970104-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEScholz1970104_14-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFScholz1970">Scholz 1970</a>, p. 104.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBudak2018180-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBudak2018180_15-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBudak2018180_15-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBudak2018180_15-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBudak2018">Budak 2018</a>, p. 180.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBudak2018180–181-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBudak2018180–181_16-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBudak2018180–181_16-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBudak2018">Budak 2018</a>, p. 180–181.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBudak2018181-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBudak2018181_17-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBudak2018">Budak 2018</a>, p. 181.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEPertz1845835-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPertz1845835_18-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFPertz1845">Pertz 1845</a>, p. 835.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEScholz1970111-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEScholz1970111_19-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFScholz1970">Scholz 1970</a>, p. 111.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBudak2018181–182-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBudak2018181–182_20-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBudak2018">Budak 2018</a>, p. 181–182.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBowlus199591,_06–97-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBowlus199591,_06–97_21-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBowlus1995">Bowlus 1995</a>, pp. 91, 06–97.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGoldberg200649-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGoldberg200649_22-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFGoldberg2006">Goldberg 2006</a>, pp. 49.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBudak2018182-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBudak2018182_23-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBudak2018182_23-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBudak2018182_23-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBudak2018182_23-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBudak2018">Budak 2018</a>, p. 182.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBudak2018182–183-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBudak2018182–183_24-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBudak2018">Budak 2018</a>, p. 182–183.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBudak2018183-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBudak2018183_25-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBudak2018183_25-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBudak2018183_25-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBudak2018">Budak 2018</a>, p. 183.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBudak2018138,_183-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBudak2018138,_183_26-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBudak2018">Budak 2018</a>, p. 138, 183.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBowlus199599–100,_102,_104-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBowlus199599–100,_102,_104_27-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBowlus1995">Bowlus 1995</a>, pp. 99–100, 102, 104.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGoldberg200683–85-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGoldberg200683–85_28-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFGoldberg2006">Goldberg 2006</a>, pp. 83–85.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBowlus1995204–220-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBowlus1995204–220_29-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBowlus1995">Bowlus 1995</a>, pp. 204–220.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESzőke2007411–428-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESzőke2007411–428_30-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSzőke2007">Szőke 2007</a>, pp. 411–428.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEŠkvarna200219–20-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEŠkvarna200219–20_31-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFŠkvarna2002">Škvarna 2002</a>, pp. 19–20.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESzőke2007411-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESzőke2007411_32-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSzőke2007">Szőke 2007</a>, pp. 411.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBudak2018139,_184-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBudak2018139,_184_33-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBudak2018">Budak 2018</a>, p. 139, 184.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBudak2018184-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBudak2018184_34-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBudak2018184_34-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBudak2018184_34-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBudak2018">Budak 2018</a>, p. 184.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-JAZU-16-8-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-JAZU-16-8_35-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-JAZU-16-8_35-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBrašnić1871" class="citation journal cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Brašnić, Mijo (1871). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=DJdJAAAAcAAJ&pg=PA8">"Odlomci iz zemljopisa i narodopisa Hrvatske i Slavonije u 9. stoljeću"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Rad_(journal)" 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Zagreb: <a href="/wiki/Yugoslav_Academy_of_Sciences_and_Arts" class="mw-redirect" title="Yugoslav Academy of Sciences and Arts">Yugoslav Academy of Sciences and Arts</a>: 8. <q>Pannonia inferior cum duce Braslao ad officium rediit</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Rad+Jugoslavenske+Akademije+Znanosti+i+Umjetnosti&rft.atitle=Odlomci+iz+zemljopisa+i+narodopisa+Hrvatske+i+Slavonije+u+9.+stolje%C4%87u&rft.issue=16&rft.pages=8&rft.date=1871&rft.aulast=Bra%C5%A1ni%C4%87&rft.aufirst=Mijo&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DDJdJAAAAcAAJ%26pg%3DPA8&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASlavs+in+Lower+Pannonia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELuthar2008110–111-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELuthar2008110–111_36-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFLuthar2008">Luthar 2008</a>, p. 110–111.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBudak2018184–185-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBudak2018184–185_37-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBudak2018">Budak 2018</a>, p. 184–185.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBudak2018185-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBudak2018185_38-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBudak2018185_38-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBudak2018185_38-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBudak2018">Budak 2018</a>, p. 185.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Kos1960-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Kos1960_39-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKos1960" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Milko_Kos" title="Milko Kos">Kos, Milko</a> (1960). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=PWg6AQAAIAAJ"><i>Istorija Slovenaca od doseljenja do petnaestog veka</i></a>. Prosveta. p. 129.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Istorija+Slovenaca+od+doseljenja+do+petnaestog+veka&rft.pages=129&rft.pub=Prosveta&rft.date=1960&rft.aulast=Kos&rft.aufirst=Milko&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DPWg6AQAAIAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASlavs+in+Lower+Pannonia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEFilipec2015338-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFilipec2015338_40-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFilipec2015338_40-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFilipec2015338_40-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFFilipec2015">Filipec 2015</a>, p. 338.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBudak2018142-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBudak2018142_41-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBudak2018">Budak 2018</a>, p. 142.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-JLZ-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-JLZ_42-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/General_Encyclopedia_of_the_Yugoslavian_Lexicographical_Institute" class="mw-redirect" title="General Encyclopedia of the Yugoslavian Lexicographical Institute"><i>Opća enciklopedija JLZ</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/Zagreb" title="Zagreb">Zagreb</a>. 1982.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Op%C4%87a+enciklopedija+JLZ&rft.place=Zagreb&rft.date=1982&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASlavs+in+Lower+Pannonia" class="Z3988"></span> <span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_book" title="Template:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: </span><span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">|work=</code> ignored (<a href="/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#periodical_ignored" title="Help:CS1 errors">help</a>)</span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment">CS1 maint: location missing publisher (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_location_missing_publisher" title="Category:CS1 maint: location missing publisher">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHeka2008" class="citation journal cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Heka, Ladislav (October 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://hrcak.srce.hr/index.php?show=clanak&id_clanak_jezik=68144">"Croatian-Hungarian relations from the Middle Ages to the Compromise of 1868, with a special survey of the Slavonian issue"</a>. <i>Scrinia Slavonica</i> (in Croatian). <b>8</b> (1). Slavonski Brod: Croatian Historical Institute - Department of History of Slavonia, Srijem and Baranja: 155. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1332-4853">1332-4853</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2012-05-10</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Scrinia+Slavonica&rft.atitle=Croatian-Hungarian+relations+from+the+Middle+Ages+to+the+Compromise+of+1868%2C+with+a+special+survey+of+the+Slavonian+issue&rft.volume=8&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=155&rft.date=2008-10&rft.issn=1332-4853&rft.aulast=Heka&rft.aufirst=Ladislav&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fhrcak.srce.hr%2Findex.php%3Fshow%3Dclanak%26id_clanak_jezik%3D68144&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASlavs+in+Lower+Pannonia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEFilipec2015338–339-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFilipec2015338–339_44-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFFilipec2015">Filipec 2015</a>, p. 338–339.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBudak2018178-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBudak2018178_45-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBudak2018">Budak 2018</a>, p. 178.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBudak2018178–179-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBudak2018178–179_46-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBudak2018">Budak 2018</a>, p. 178–179.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBudak2018179-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBudak2018179_47-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBudak2018">Budak 2018</a>, p. 179.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESedov1995412-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESedov1995412_48-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSedov1995">Sedov 1995</a>, p. 412.<span class="error harv-error" style="display: none; font-size:100%"> sfn error: no target: CITEREFSedov1995 (<a href="/wiki/Category:Harv_and_Sfn_template_errors" title="Category:Harv and Sfn template errors">help</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESedov1995159–169-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESedov1995159–169_49-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSedov1995">Sedov 1995</a>, p. 159–169.<span class="error harv-error" style="display: none; font-size:100%"> sfn error: no target: CITEREFSedov1995 (<a href="/wiki/Category:Harv_and_Sfn_template_errors" title="Category:Harv and Sfn template errors">help</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGuštin2007292–296-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGuštin2007292–296_50-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFGuštin2007">Guštin 2007</a>, p. 292–296.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-51">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBekić2012" class="citation book cs1">Bekić, Luka (2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.researchgate.net/publication/348572968">"Keramika praškog tipa u Hrvatskoj"</a>. <i>Dani Stjepana Gunjače 2, Zbornik radova sa Znanstvenog skupa "Dani Sjepana Gunjače 2": Hrvatska srednjovjekovna povijesno-arheološka baština, Međunarodne teme</i>. Split: Muzej hrvatskih arheoloških spomenika. pp. 21–27. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-953-6803-36-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-953-6803-36-1"><bdi>978-953-6803-36-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Keramika+pra%C5%A1kog+tipa+u+Hrvatskoj&rft.btitle=Dani+Stjepana+Gunja%C4%8De+2%2C+Zbornik+radova+sa+Znanstvenog+skupa+%22Dani+Sjepana+Gunja%C4%8De+2%22%3A+Hrvatska+srednjovjekovna+povijesno-arheolo%C5%A1ka+ba%C5%A1tina%2C+Me%C4%91unarodne+teme&rft.place=Split&rft.pages=21-27&rft.pub=Muzej+hrvatskih+arheolo%C5%A1kih+spomenika&rft.date=2012&rft.isbn=978-953-6803-36-1&rft.aulast=Beki%C4%87&rft.aufirst=Luka&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.researchgate.net%2Fpublication%2F348572968&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASlavs+in+Lower+Pannonia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-52">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBekić2013" class="citation book cs1">Bekić, Luka (2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.academia.edu/5151243">"New 14C dates from Slavic settlements in northwestern Croatia"</a>. <i>The early Slavic settlement of Central Europe in the light of new dating evidence</i>. Wroclaw: Institute of Archaeology and Ethnology of the Polish Academy of Sciences. pp. 237–250. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-83-63760-10-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-83-63760-10-6"><bdi>978-83-63760-10-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=New+14C+dates+from+Slavic+settlements+in+northwestern+Croatia&rft.btitle=The+early+Slavic+settlement+of+Central+Europe+in+the+light+of+new+dating+evidence&rft.place=Wroclaw&rft.pages=237-250&rft.pub=Institute+of+Archaeology+and+Ethnology+of+the+Polish+Academy+of+Sciences&rft.date=2013&rft.isbn=978-83-63760-10-6&rft.aulast=Beki%C4%87&rft.aufirst=Luka&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.academia.edu%2F5151243&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASlavs+in+Lower+Pannonia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-53">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBekić2016" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Bekić, Luka (2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.researchgate.net/publication/348500715"><i>Rani srednji vijek između Panonije i Jadrana: ranoslavenski keramički i ostali arheološki nalazi od 6. do 8. stoljeća</i></a> (in Croatian and English). Pula: Arheološki muzej Istre. p. 105, 178. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-953-8082-01-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-953-8082-01-6"><bdi>978-953-8082-01-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Rani+srednji+vijek+izme%C4%91u+Panonije+i+Jadrana%3A+ranoslavenski+kerami%C4%8Dki+i+ostali+arheolo%C5%A1ki+nalazi+od+6.+do+8.+stolje%C4%87a&rft.place=Pula&rft.pages=105%2C+178&rft.pub=Arheolo%C5%A1ki+muzej+Istre&rft.date=2016&rft.isbn=978-953-8082-01-6&rft.aulast=Beki%C4%87&rft.aufirst=Luka&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.researchgate.net%2Fpublication%2F348500715&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASlavs+in+Lower+Pannonia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESedov1995413–420-54"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESedov1995413–420_54-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSedov1995">Sedov 1995</a>, p. 413–420.<span class="error harv-error" style="display: none; font-size:100%"> sfn error: no target: CITEREFSedov1995 (<a href="/wiki/Category:Harv_and_Sfn_template_errors" title="Category:Harv and Sfn template errors">help</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESedov1995418–419-55"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESedov1995418–419_55-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSedov1995">Sedov 1995</a>, p. 418–419.<span class="error harv-error" style="display: none; font-size:100%"> sfn error: no target: CITEREFSedov1995 (<a href="/wiki/Category:Harv_and_Sfn_template_errors" title="Category:Harv and Sfn template errors">help</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGračanin2008a71–72-56"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGračanin2008a71–72_56-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFGračanin2008a">Gračanin 2008a</a>, p. 71–72.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Sokol2015-57"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Sokol2015_57-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSokol2015" class="citation book cs1">Sokol, Vladimir (2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Y0UpCwAAQBAJ"><i>Medieval Jewelry and Burial Assemblages in Croatia: A Study of Graves and Grave Goods, ca. 800 to ca. 1450</i></a>. BRILL. pp. 90, 124. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-90-04-30674-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-90-04-30674-5"><bdi>978-90-04-30674-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Medieval+Jewelry+and+Burial+Assemblages+in+Croatia%3A+A+Study+of+Graves+and+Grave+Goods%2C+ca.+800+to+ca.+1450&rft.pages=90%2C+124&rft.pub=BRILL&rft.date=2015&rft.isbn=978-90-04-30674-5&rft.aulast=Sokol&rft.aufirst=Vladimir&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DY0UpCwAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASlavs+in+Lower+Pannonia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESedov1995420–425-58"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESedov1995420–425_58-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSedov1995">Sedov 1995</a>, p. 420–425.<span class="error harv-error" style="display: none; font-size:100%"> sfn error: no target: CITEREFSedov1995 (<a href="/wiki/Category:Harv_and_Sfn_template_errors" title="Category:Harv and Sfn template errors">help</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-BS-114-59"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-BS-114_59-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=-lU8AAAAIAAJ"><i>Balcanoslavica</i></a>. Vol. 5–7. 1977. p. 114. <q>The report refers to the uprising of Liudewitus, dux Pannoniae inferioris (Ljudevit Posavski), which was joined by the inhabitants of Carniola (Annales regni Francorum, ad a. 818 — 823).</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Balcanoslavica&rft.pages=114&rft.date=1977&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D-lU8AAAAIAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASlavs+in+Lower+Pannonia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGračanin2008a-60"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGračanin2008a_60-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGračanin2008a_60-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGračanin2008a_60-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFGračanin2008a">Gračanin 2008a</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGoldstein1984241–242-61"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGoldstein1984241–242_61-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFGoldstein1984">Goldstein 1984</a>, pp. 241–242.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEPetković2006241-62"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPetković2006241_62-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFPetković2006">Petković 2006</a>, p. 241.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEFine200528-63"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFine200528_63-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFFine2005">Fine 2005</a>, pp. 28.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Hrvenciklopedija-64"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Hrvenciklopedija_64-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation cs2 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://enciklopedija.hr/natuknica.aspx?id=46450">"Panonska Hrvatska"</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/Croatian_Encyclopaedia" class="mw-redirect" title="Croatian Encyclopaedia">Croatian Encyclopaedia</a></i> (in Croatian), 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 December</span> 2020</span>, <q>Panonska Hrvatska, historiografski pojam za područje koje je u IX. i X. st. uglavnom bilo omeđeno rijekama Dravom, Savom, Kupom i Sutlom te Požeškim gorjem. U istom se značenju javlja pojam Posavska Hrvatska. Iako sustavnih istraživanja razvoja terminologije nema, čini se da starija hrvatska historiografija (I. Kukuljević Sakcinski, F. Rački, T. Smičiklas, V. Klaić) uglavnom ne rabi te nazive nego, primjerice, ime Doljnja Panonija i Posavina (T. Smičiklas, Poviest Hrvatska, II, 1882) ili Slovinska zemlja (V. Klaić, Povjest Hrvata od najstarijih vremena do svršetka XIX. stoljeća, I–VI, 1899–1922). Iznimka je Š. Ljubić (O Posavskoj Hrvatskoj i o zlatnih novcih njezina zadnjega kneza Serma (1018), u Radu JAZU, 1878). Vjerojatno je pojam Panonska Hrvatska uveo F. Šišić u svojem Pregledu povijesti hrvatskoga naroda (1916), u kojem piše: »U bivšoj Savskoj Panoniji … širila se posebna oblast u kojoj je sve do XVII. stoljeća prevladavalo slavensko ime, pa joj odatle i ime Sclavonia u latinskim spomenicima, a Slovinci, Slovinje u hrvatskim; mi ćemo je zvati Panonskom Hrvatskom.« Iako ga Šišić ne rabi u svojoj Povijesti Hrvata u vrijeme narodnih vladara (1925), taj je pojam bio prihvaćen u historiografiji te se proširio napose zahvaljujući školskim udžbenicima i popularnim pregledima povijesti. Iako je u znanstvenom diskursu uglavnom napušten (primjerice: M. Barada, N. Klaić, T. Raukar, I. Goldstein, N. Budak), održao se, zajedno s terminom Posavska Hrvatska, u uporabi do danas (Hrvatski povijesni atlas Leksikografskoga zavoda Miroslav Krleža, 2003). Kao sinonim javlja se u literaturi i termin Sjeverna Hrvatska (T. Macan, Povijest hrvatskog naroda, 1992). Nijedan od spomenutih termina nije povijesni. U onodobnim se vrelima navedeno područje označavalo nazivima Pannonia, Pannonia inferior, regnum inter Savum et Dravum ili pak kao zemlja kneza koji je u određenom trenutku njome vladao.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Panonska+Hrvatska&rft.btitle=Croatian+Encyclopaedia&rft.date=2020&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fenciklopedija.hr%2Fnatuknica.aspx%3Fid%3D46450&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASlavs+in+Lower+Pannonia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGračanin2008a74-65"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGračanin2008a74_65-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFGračanin2008a">Gračanin 2008a</a>, p. 74:Za kraj vrijedi istaknuti da Panonska odnosno Posavska Hrvatska nikada nije postojala niti kao etnička niti kao politička tvorba. Protiv toga se pojma ustrajno borila još Nada Klaić, naglašavajući da je riječ o historiografskom, a ne historijskom nazivu. Taj termin može se koristiti u geografskoj funkciji u obliku "panonska/posavska Hrvatska" (tada "posavski" nosi uže značenje od "panonskog"), dok za ranosrednjovjekovnu političku tvorbu u Međurječju valja rabiti sintagmu Donja Panonija odnosno Donjopanonska ili, eventualno, Savsko-dravska kneževina (regnum inter Dravum et Savum) kako je ova oblast prozvana u Fuldskim godišnjacima (pod godinom 884).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEFilipec201517,_29,_194-66"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFilipec201517,_29,_194_66-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFFilipec2015">Filipec 2015</a>, pp. 17, 29, 194:Smatrao sam da nije dobro rabiti naziv Panonska ili Posavska Hrvatska iako je on bio prisutan u povijesnim raspravama od početka 20. st. jer je to historiografski pojam, ne odražava pravo stanje na terenu i nema povijesno uporište. Panonska odnosno Posavska ili Sjeverna Hrvatska ne postoji u onom smislu kako je to definirano u različitim raspravama, a pogotovo nije postojala u 9. st. ... Teza dosta dugo održana u našoj i svjetskoj povijesnoj literaturi, da se na sjeveru današnje Hrvatske i susjednih država nalazila Panonska Hrvatska, nema uporišta u izvorima ... Otuda u hrvatskoj historiografiji i pojam Panonska Hrvatska koji je doživio kritiku posebno posljednjih nekoliko desetljeća.</span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sources">Sources</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Slavs_in_Lower_Pannonia&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Sources"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin refbegin-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em"> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBarford2001" class="citation book cs1">Barford, Paul M. (2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=1Z9ItAtbJ5AC"><i>The Early Slavs: Culture and Society in Early Medieval Eastern Europe</i></a>. Ithaca: Cornell University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0801439779" title="Special:BookSources/0801439779"><bdi>0801439779</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Early+Slavs%3A+Culture+and+Society+in+Early+Medieval+Eastern+Europe&rft.place=Ithaca&rft.pub=Cornell+University+Press&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=0801439779&rft.aulast=Barford&rft.aufirst=Paul+M.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D1Z9ItAtbJ5AC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASlavs+in+Lower+Pannonia" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBarker1966" class="citation book cs1">Barker, John W. (1966). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=LiJljEXvwAoC"><i>Justinian and the Later Roman Empire</i></a>. Madison: University of Wisconsin Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780299039448" title="Special:BookSources/9780299039448"><bdi>9780299039448</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Justinian+and+the+Later+Roman+Empire&rft.place=Madison&rft.pub=University+of+Wisconsin+Press&rft.date=1966&rft.isbn=9780299039448&rft.aulast=Barker&rft.aufirst=John+W.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DLiJljEXvwAoC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASlavs+in+Lower+Pannonia" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBetti2013" class="citation book cs1">Betti, Maddalena (2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=MdLYAQAAQBAJ"><i>The Making of Christian Moravia (858-882): Papal Power and Political Reality</i></a>. Leiden-Boston: Brill. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9789004260085" title="Special:BookSources/9789004260085"><bdi>9789004260085</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Making+of+Christian+Moravia+%28858-882%29%3A+Papal+Power+and+Political+Reality&rft.place=Leiden-Boston&rft.pub=Brill&rft.date=2013&rft.isbn=9789004260085&rft.aulast=Betti&rft.aufirst=Maddalena&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DMdLYAQAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASlavs+in+Lower+Pannonia" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBowlus1995" class="citation book cs1">Bowlus, Charles R. (1995). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=x5x0BAAAQBAJ"><i>Franks, Moravians, and Magyars: The Struggle for the Middle Danube, 788-907</i></a>. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780812232769" title="Special:BookSources/9780812232769"><bdi>9780812232769</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Franks%2C+Moravians%2C+and+Magyars%3A+The+Struggle+for+the+Middle+Danube%2C+788-907&rft.place=Philadelphia&rft.pub=University+of+Pennsylvania+Press&rft.date=1995&rft.isbn=9780812232769&rft.aulast=Bowlus&rft.aufirst=Charles+R.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dx5x0BAAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASlavs+in+Lower+Pannonia" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBudak2018" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a href="/wiki/Neven_Budak" title="Neven Budak">Budak, Neven</a> (2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.leykam-international.hr/publikacija.php?id=167"><i>Hrvatska povijest od 550. do 1100</i></a> [<i>Croatian history from 550 until 1100</i>] (in Croatian). Leykam international. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-953-340-061-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-953-340-061-7"><bdi>978-953-340-061-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Hrvatska+povijest+od+550.+do+1100.&rft.pub=Leykam+international&rft.date=2018&rft.isbn=978-953-340-061-7&rft.aulast=Budak&rft.aufirst=Neven&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.leykam-international.hr%2Fpublikacija.php%3Fid%3D167&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASlavs+in+Lower+Pannonia" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCurta2006" class="citation book cs1">Curta, Florin (2006). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/southeasterneuro0000curt"><i>Southeastern Europe in the Middle Ages, 500–1250</i></a></span>. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Southeastern+Europe+in+the+Middle+Ages%2C+500%E2%80%931250&rft.place=Cambridge&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2006&rft.aulast=Curta&rft.aufirst=Florin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fsoutheasterneuro0000curt&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASlavs+in+Lower+Pannonia" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFilipec2015" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Filipec, Krešimir (2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.academia.edu/33546795"><i>Donja Panonija od 9. do 11. stoljeća</i></a> [<i>Lower Pannonia from 9th until 11th century</i>] (in Croatian). <a href="/wiki/University_of_Sarajevo" title="University of Sarajevo">University of Sarajevo</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-9958-600-68-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-9958-600-68-5"><bdi>978-9958-600-68-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Donja+Panonija+od+9.+do+11.+stolje%C4%87a&rft.pub=University+of+Sarajevo&rft.date=2015&rft.isbn=978-9958-600-68-5&rft.aulast=Filipec&rft.aufirst=Kre%C5%A1imir&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.academia.edu%2F33546795&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASlavs+in+Lower+Pannonia" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFine1991" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/John_Van_Antwerp_Fine_Jr." title="John Van Antwerp Fine Jr.">Fine, John Van Antwerp Jr.</a> (1991) [1983]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Y0NBxG9Id58C"><i>The Early Medieval Balkans: A Critical Survey from the Sixth to the Late Twelfth Century</i></a>. Ann Arbor, Michigan: University of Michigan Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0472081497" title="Special:BookSources/0472081497"><bdi>0472081497</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Early+Medieval+Balkans%3A+A+Critical+Survey+from+the+Sixth+to+the+Late+Twelfth+Century&rft.place=Ann+Arbor%2C+Michigan&rft.pub=University+of+Michigan+Press&rft.date=1991&rft.isbn=0472081497&rft.aulast=Fine&rft.aufirst=John+Van+Antwerp+Jr.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DY0NBxG9Id58C&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASlavs+in+Lower+Pannonia" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFine2005" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/John_Van_Antwerp_Fine_Jr." title="John Van Antwerp Fine Jr.">Fine, John Van Antwerp Jr.</a> (2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=wEF5oN5erE0C"><i>When Ethnicity did not Matter in the Balkans: A Study of Identity in Pre-Nationalist Croatia, Dalmatia, and Slavonia in the Medieval and Early-Modern Periods</i></a>. Ann Arbor, Michigan: University of Michigan Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0472025600" title="Special:BookSources/0472025600"><bdi>0472025600</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=When+Ethnicity+did+not+Matter+in+the+Balkans%3A+A+Study+of+Identity+in+Pre-Nationalist+Croatia%2C+Dalmatia%2C+and+Slavonia+in+the+Medieval+and+Early-Modern+Periods&rft.place=Ann+Arbor%2C+Michigan&rft.pub=University+of+Michigan+Press&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=0472025600&rft.aulast=Fine&rft.aufirst=John+Van+Antwerp+Jr.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DwEF5oN5erE0C&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASlavs+in+Lower+Pannonia" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGoldberg2006" class="citation book cs1">Goldberg, Eric J. (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=oyiTg0wgl58C"><i>Struggle for Empire: Kingship and Conflict under Louis the German, 817-876</i></a>. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780801438905" title="Special:BookSources/9780801438905"><bdi>9780801438905</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Struggle+for+Empire%3A+Kingship+and+Conflict+under+Louis+the+German%2C+817-876&rft.place=Ithaca%2C+NY&rft.pub=Cornell+University+Press&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=9780801438905&rft.aulast=Goldberg&rft.aufirst=Eric+J.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DoyiTg0wgl58C&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASlavs+in+Lower+Pannonia" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGoldstein1984" class="citation journal cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a href="/wiki/Ivo_Goldstein" title="Ivo Goldstein">Goldstein, Ivo</a> (1984). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://haw.nsk.hr/arhiva/vol6/3779/45518/www.historiografija.hr/hz/1984/HZ_37_11_GOLDSTEIN.pdf">"Ponovno o Srbima u Hrvatskoj u 9. stoljeću"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Historijski zbornik</i> (in Croatian). <b>37</b>: 235–246.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Historijski+zbornik&rft.atitle=Ponovno+o+Srbima+u+Hrvatskoj+u+9.+stolje%C4%87u&rft.volume=37&rft.pages=235-246&rft.date=1984&rft.aulast=Goldstein&rft.aufirst=Ivo&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fhaw.nsk.hr%2Farhiva%2Fvol6%2F3779%2F45518%2Fwww.historiografija.hr%2Fhz%2F1984%2FHZ_37_11_GOLDSTEIN.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASlavs+in+Lower+Pannonia" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGračanin2008a" class="citation journal cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Gračanin, Hrvoje (2008a). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hrcak.srce.hr/36767">"Od Hrvata pak koji su stigli u Dalmaciju odvojio se jedan dio i zavladao Ilirikom i Panonijom: Razmatranja uz DAI c. 30, 75-78"</a>. <i>Povijest U Nastavi</i> (in Croatian). <b>6</b> (11): 67–76.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Povijest+U+Nastavi&rft.atitle=Od+Hrvata+pak+koji+su+stigli+u+Dalmaciju+odvojio+se+jedan+dio+i+zavladao+Ilirikom+i+Panonijom%3A+Razmatranja+uz+DAI+c.+30%2C+75-78&rft.volume=6&rft.issue=11&rft.pages=67-76&rft.date=2008&rft.aulast=Gra%C4%8Danin&rft.aufirst=Hrvoje&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fhrcak.srce.hr%2F36767&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASlavs+in+Lower+Pannonia" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGračanin2008b" class="citation journal cs1">Gračanin, Hrvoje (2008b). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ceeol.com/search/article-detail?id=672251">"Slaveni u ranosrednjovjekovnoj južnoj Panoniji"</a> [Slavs in the Early Medieval South Pannonia]. <i>Scrinia Slavonica</i> (8): 13–54.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Scrinia+Slavonica&rft.atitle=Slaveni+u+ranosrednjovjekovnoj+ju%C5%BEnoj+Panoniji&rft.issue=8&rft.pages=13-54&rft.date=2008&rft.aulast=Gra%C4%8Danin&rft.aufirst=Hrvoje&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ceeol.com%2Fsearch%2Farticle-detail%3Fid%3D672251&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASlavs+in+Lower+Pannonia" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGuštin2007" class="citation journal cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Guštin, Mitja (2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hrcak.srce.hr/en/clanak/40605">"Rani srednji vijek od alpskih obronaka do Panonije"</a> [The Early Middle Ages from the Alpine Slopes to Pannonia]. <i>Prilozi Instituta Za Arheologiju U Zagrebu</i> (in Croatian and English). <b>24</b>: 289–300.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Prilozi+Instituta+Za+Arheologiju+U+Zagrebu&rft.atitle=Rani+srednji+vijek+od+alpskih+obronaka+do+Panonije&rft.volume=24&rft.pages=289-300&rft.date=2007&rft.aulast=Gu%C5%A1tin&rft.aufirst=Mitja&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fhrcak.srce.hr%2Fen%2Fclanak%2F40605&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASlavs+in+Lower+Pannonia" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKantor1983" class="citation book cs1">Kantor, Marvin (1983). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=RMDYAAAAMAAJ"><i>Medieval Slavic Lives of Saints and Princes</i></a>. Ann Arbor: The University of Michigan Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780930042448" title="Special:BookSources/9780930042448"><bdi>9780930042448</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Medieval+Slavic+Lives+of+Saints+and+Princes&rft.place=Ann+Arbor&rft.pub=The+University+of+Michigan+Press&rft.date=1983&rft.isbn=9780930042448&rft.aulast=Kantor&rft.aufirst=Marvin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DRMDYAAAAMAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASlavs+in+Lower+Pannonia" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLuthar2008" class="citation book cs1">Luthar, Oto, ed. (2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=G9tDboBJ70EC"><i>The Land Between: A History of Slovenia</i></a>. Frankfurt am Main: Peter Lang. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9783631570111" title="Special:BookSources/9783631570111"><bdi>9783631570111</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Land+Between%3A+A+History+of+Slovenia&rft.place=Frankfurt+am+Main&rft.pub=Peter+Lang&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=9783631570111&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DG9tDboBJ70EC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASlavs+in+Lower+Pannonia" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMacLean2003" class="citation book cs1">MacLean, Simon (2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=0Icl9qL3FnMC"><i>Kingship and Politics in the Late Ninth Century: Charles the Fat and the End of the Carolingian Empire</i></a>. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781139440295" title="Special:BookSources/9781139440295"><bdi>9781139440295</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Kingship+and+Politics+in+the+Late+Ninth+Century%3A+Charles+the+Fat+and+the+End+of+the+Carolingian+Empire&rft.place=Cambridge&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=9781139440295&rft.aulast=MacLean&rft.aufirst=Simon&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D0Icl9qL3FnMC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASlavs+in+Lower+Pannonia" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMacLean2009" class="citation book cs1">MacLean, Simon (2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=3AwMAQAAMAAJ"><i>History and Politics in Late Carolingian and Ottonian Europe: The Chronicle of Regino of Prüm and Adalbert of Magdeburg</i></a>. Manchester and New York: Manchester University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780719071348" title="Special:BookSources/9780719071348"><bdi>9780719071348</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=History+and+Politics+in+Late+Carolingian+and+Ottonian+Europe%3A+The+Chronicle+of+Regino+of+Pr%C3%BCm+and+Adalbert+of+Magdeburg&rft.place=Manchester+and+New+York&rft.pub=Manchester+University+Press&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=9780719071348&rft.aulast=MacLean&rft.aufirst=Simon&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D3AwMAQAAMAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASlavs+in+Lower+Pannonia" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMoravcsik1967" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Gyula_Moravcsik" title="Gyula Moravcsik">Moravcsik, Gyula</a>, ed. (1967) [1949]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=3al15wpFWiMC"><i>Constantine Porphyrogenitus: De Administrando Imperio</i></a> (2nd revised ed.). Washington D.C.: Dumbarton Oaks Center for Byzantine Studies. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780884020219" title="Special:BookSources/9780884020219"><bdi>9780884020219</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Constantine+Porphyrogenitus%3A+De+Administrando+Imperio&rft.place=Washington+D.C.&rft.edition=2nd+revised&rft.pub=Dumbarton+Oaks+Center+for+Byzantine+Studies&rft.date=1967&rft.isbn=9780884020219&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D3al15wpFWiMC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASlavs+in+Lower+Pannonia" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNelson1991" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Janet_Nelson" title="Janet Nelson">Nelson, Janet L.</a> (1991). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=gkO9AAAAIAAJ"><i>The Annals of St-Bertin</i></a>. Manchester: Manchester University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780719034251" title="Special:BookSources/9780719034251"><bdi>9780719034251</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Annals+of+St-Bertin&rft.place=Manchester&rft.pub=Manchester+University+Press&rft.date=1991&rft.isbn=9780719034251&rft.aulast=Nelson&rft.aufirst=Janet+L.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DgkO9AAAAIAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASlavs+in+Lower+Pannonia" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPertz1845" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Georg_Heinrich_Pertz" title="Georg Heinrich Pertz">Pertz, Georg Heinrich</a>, ed. (1845). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=yBhKAAAAcAAJ"><i>Einhardi Annales</i></a>. Hanover.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Einhardi+Annales&rft.place=Hanover&rft.date=1845&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DyBhKAAAAcAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASlavs+in+Lower+Pannonia" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPetković2006" class="citation journal cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Petković, Danijel (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hrcak.srce.hr/81747">"Hrvatsko ime u srednjovjekovnoj Slavoniji prema nekoliko primjera u diplomatičkim izvorima od 13. do 15. stoljeća"</a> [Croatian name in medieval Slavonia according to several examples in diplomatic sources from the 13th to the 15th century]. <i>Starohrvatska Prosvjeta</i> (in Croatian). <b>III</b> (33): 243–281<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 December</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Starohrvatska+Prosvjeta&rft.atitle=Hrvatsko+ime+u+srednjovjekovnoj+Slavoniji+prema+nekoliko+primjera+u+diplomati%C4%8Dkim+izvorima+od+13.+do+15.+stolje%C4%87a&rft.volume=III&rft.issue=33&rft.pages=243-281&rft.date=2006&rft.aulast=Petkovi%C4%87&rft.aufirst=Danijel&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fhrcak.srce.hr%2F81747&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASlavs+in+Lower+Pannonia" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRichards2003" class="citation book cs1">Richards, Ronald O. (2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=eDFiAAAAMAAJ"><i>The Pannonian Slavic Dialect of the Common Slavic Proto-language: The View from Old Hungarian</i></a>. Los Angeles: University of California. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780974265308" title="Special:BookSources/9780974265308"><bdi>9780974265308</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Pannonian+Slavic+Dialect+of+the+Common+Slavic+Proto-language%3A+The+View+from+Old+Hungarian&rft.place=Los+Angeles&rft.pub=University+of+California&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=9780974265308&rft.aulast=Richards&rft.aufirst=Ronald+O.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DeDFiAAAAMAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASlavs+in+Lower+Pannonia" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFReuter1992" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Timothy_Reuter" title="Timothy Reuter">Reuter, Timothy</a> (1992). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=icdRAQAAIAAJ"><i>The Annals of Fulda</i></a>. Manchester: Manchester University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780719034589" title="Special:BookSources/9780719034589"><bdi>9780719034589</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Annals+of+Fulda&rft.place=Manchester&rft.pub=Manchester+University+Press&rft.date=1992&rft.isbn=9780719034589&rft.aulast=Reuter&rft.aufirst=Timothy&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DicdRAQAAIAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASlavs+in+Lower+Pannonia" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFScholz1970" class="citation book cs1">Scholz, Bernhard Walter, ed. (1970). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=sTzl6wFjehMC"><i>Carolingian Chronicles: Royal Frankish Annals and Nithard's Histories</i></a>. University of Michigan Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0472061860" title="Special:BookSources/0472061860"><bdi>0472061860</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Carolingian+Chronicles%3A+Royal+Frankish+Annals+and+Nithard%27s+Histories&rft.pub=University+of+Michigan+Press&rft.date=1970&rft.isbn=0472061860&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DsTzl6wFjehMC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASlavs+in+Lower+Pannonia" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSedov2013" class="citation book cs1">Sedov, Valentin Vasilyevich (2013) [1995]. "Panonski Slaveni" [Pannonian Slavs]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=HD4oAAAAMAAJ"><i>Славяне в раннем Средневековье</i></a> [<i>Sloveni u ranom srednjem veku (Slavs in Early Middle Ages)</i>]. Novi Sad: Akademska knjiga. pp. 413–427. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-86-6263-026-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-86-6263-026-1"><bdi>978-86-6263-026-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Panonski+Slaveni&rft.btitle=%D0%A1%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%8F%D0%BD%D0%B5+%D0%B2+%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%BC+%D0%A1%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%8C%D0%B5&rft.place=Novi+Sad&rft.pages=413-427&rft.pub=Akademska+knjiga&rft.date=2013&rft.isbn=978-86-6263-026-1&rft.aulast=Sedov&rft.aufirst=Valentin+Vasilyevich&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DHD4oAAAAMAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASlavs+in+Lower+Pannonia" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFŠkvarna2002" class="citation book cs1">Škvarna, Dušan (2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=3orG2yZ9mBkC"><i>Slovak History: Chronology & Lexicon</i></a>. Wauconda: Bolchazy-Carducci Publishers. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-86516-444-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-86516-444-4"><bdi>978-0-86516-444-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Slovak+History%3A+Chronology+%26+Lexicon&rft.place=Wauconda&rft.pub=Bolchazy-Carducci+Publishers&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=978-0-86516-444-4&rft.aulast=%C5%A0kvarna&rft.aufirst=Du%C5%A1an&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D3orG2yZ9mBkC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASlavs+in+Lower+Pannonia" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFŠtih2010" class="citation book cs1">Štih, Peter (2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=4d55DwAAQBAJ"><i>The Middle Ages between the Eastern Alps and the Northern Adriatic: Select Papers on Slovene Historiography and Medieval History</i></a>. Leiden-Boston: Brill. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9789004187702" title="Special:BookSources/9789004187702"><bdi>9789004187702</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Middle+Ages+between+the+Eastern+Alps+and+the+Northern+Adriatic%3A+Select+Papers+on+Slovene+Historiography+and+Medieval+History&rft.place=Leiden-Boston&rft.pub=Brill&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=9789004187702&rft.aulast=%C5%A0tih&rft.aufirst=Peter&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D4d55DwAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASlavs+in+Lower+Pannonia" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSzőke2007" class="citation book cs1">Szőke, Béla Miklós (2007). "New findings of the excavations in Mosaburg/Zalavár (Western Hungary)". <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mgh-bibliothek.de/dokumente/a/a150503+0001.pdf"><i>Post-Roman Towns, Trade and Settlement in Europe and Byzantium: The heirs of the Roman West</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Berlin-New York: Walter de Gruyter. pp. 411–428.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=New+findings+of+the+excavations+in+Mosaburg%2FZalav%C3%A1r+%28Western+Hungary%29&rft.btitle=Post-Roman+Towns%2C+Trade+and+Settlement+in+Europe+and+Byzantium%3A+The+heirs+of+the+Roman+West&rft.place=Berlin-New+York&rft.pages=411-428&rft.pub=Walter+de+Gruyter&rft.date=2007&rft.aulast=Sz%C5%91ke&rft.aufirst=B%C3%A9la+Mikl%C3%B3s&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.mgh-bibliothek.de%2Fdokumente%2Fa%2Fa150503%2B0001.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASlavs+in+Lower+Pannonia" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFVlasto1970" class="citation book cs1">Vlasto, Alexis P. (1970). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=fpVOAAAAIAAJ"><i>The Entry of the Slavs into Christendom: An Introduction to the Medieval History of the Slavs</i></a>. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780521074599" title="Special:BookSources/9780521074599"><bdi>9780521074599</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Entry+of+the+Slavs+into+Christendom%3A+An+Introduction+to+the+Medieval+History+of+the+Slavs&rft.place=Cambridge&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=1970&rft.isbn=9780521074599&rft.aulast=Vlasto&rft.aufirst=Alexis+P.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DfpVOAAAAIAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASlavs+in+Lower+Pannonia" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Slavs_in_Lower_Pannonia&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDudás2019" class="citation journal cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Dudás, Előd (2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hrcak.srce.hr/index.php?show=clanak&id_clanak_jezik=333773">"Slavensko stanovništvo zapadne Panonije u zrcalu toponima"</a>. <i>Folia onomastica Croatica</i> (in Croatian). <b>28</b> (28): 53–61. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.21857%2Fm3v76t655y">10.21857/m3v76t655y</a></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Folia+onomastica+Croatica&rft.atitle=Slavensko+stanovni%C5%A1tvo+zapadne+Panonije+u+zrcalu+toponima&rft.volume=28&rft.issue=28&rft.pages=53-61&rft.date=2019&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.21857%2Fm3v76t655y&rft.aulast=Dud%C3%A1s&rft.aufirst=El%C5%91d&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fhrcak.srce.hr%2Findex.php%3Fshow%3Dclanak%26id_clanak_jezik%3D333773&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASlavs+in+Lower+Pannonia" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFilipec2009" class="citation journal cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Filipec, Krešimir (2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hrcak.srce.hr/index.php?show=clanak&id_clanak_jezik=108786">"Slavenski paljevinski grob iz Lobora"</a>. <i>Archaeologia Adriatica</i> (in Croatian). <b>3</b> (1): 347–357. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.15291%2Farcheo.1063">10.15291/archeo.1063</a></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Archaeologia+Adriatica&rft.atitle=Slavenski+paljevinski+grob+iz+Lobora&rft.volume=3&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=347-357&rft.date=2009&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.15291%2Farcheo.1063&rft.aulast=Filipec&rft.aufirst=Kre%C5%A1imir&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fhrcak.srce.hr%2Findex.php%3Fshow%3Dclanak%26id_clanak_jezik%3D108786&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASlavs+in+Lower+Pannonia" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFilipec2017" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Filipec, Krešimir (2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bib.irb.hr/874579">"Panonski Slaveni"</a>. <i>Enciklopedija Hrvatskoga zagorja</i> (in Croatian). <a href="/wiki/LZMK" class="mw-redirect" title="LZMK">LZMK</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Panonski+Slaveni&rft.btitle=Enciklopedija+Hrvatskoga+zagorja&rft.pub=LZMK&rft.date=2017&rft.aulast=Filipec&rft.aufirst=Kre%C5%A1imir&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bib.irb.hr%2F874579&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASlavs+in+Lower+Pannonia" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGračaninPisk2015" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Gračanin, Hrvoje; Pisk, Silvija (2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.matica.hr/media/knjige/nova-zraka-u-europskom-svjetlu-1135/pdf/regionalna-povijest-ulomak-sjeverozapadna-hrvatska-u-ranome-srednjem-vijeku-hrvoje-gracanin-silvija-pisk.pdf">"Sjeverozapadna Hrvatska u ranome srednjem vijeku: Donjopanonska kneževina"</a> [Northwestern Croatia in the early middle ages: Principality of Lower Pannonia] <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. In Zrinka Nikolić Jakus (ed.). <i>Nova zraka u europskom svjetlu: Hrvatske zemlje u ranome srednjem vijeku (oko 550 − oko 1150)</i> [<i>Croatian lands in the Early Middle Ages (o. 550. – o. 1150.)</i>] (in Croatian). Zagreb: <a href="/wiki/Matica_hrvatska" title="Matica hrvatska">Matica hrvatska</a>. pp. 352–357. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-953-150-942-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-953-150-942-8"><bdi>978-953-150-942-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Sjeverozapadna+Hrvatska+u+ranome+srednjem+vijeku%3A+Donjopanonska+kne%C5%BEevina&rft.btitle=Nova+zraka+u+europskom+svjetlu%3A+Hrvatske+zemlje+u+ranome+srednjem+vijeku+%28oko+550+%E2%88%92+oko+1150%29&rft.place=Zagreb&rft.pages=352-357&rft.pub=Matica+hrvatska&rft.date=2015&rft.isbn=978-953-150-942-8&rft.aulast=Gra%C4%8Danin&rft.aufirst=Hrvoje&rft.au=Pisk%2C+Silvija&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.matica.hr%2Fmedia%2Fknjige%2Fnova-zraka-u-europskom-svjetlu-1135%2Fpdf%2Fregionalna-povijest-ulomak-sjeverozapadna-hrvatska-u-ranome-srednjem-vijeku-hrvoje-gracanin-silvija-pisk.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASlavs+in+Lower+Pannonia" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGračanin2015" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Gračanin, Hrvoje (2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bib.irb.hr/856203">"Sjeveroistočna Hrvatska u ranome srednjem vijeku: Donjopanonska kneževina"</a> [Northeastern Croatia in the early middle ages: Principality of Lower Pannonia]. In Zrinka Nikolić Jakus (ed.). <i>Nova zraka u europskom svjetlu: Hrvatske zemlje u ranome srednjem vijeku (oko 550 − oko 1150)</i> [<i>Croatian lands in the Early Middle Ages (o. 550. – o. 1150.)</i>] (in Croatian). Zagreb: <a href="/wiki/Matica_hrvatska" title="Matica hrvatska">Matica hrvatska</a>. pp. 371–376. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-953-150-942-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-953-150-942-8"><bdi>978-953-150-942-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Sjeveroisto%C4%8Dna+Hrvatska+u+ranome+srednjem+vijeku%3A+Donjopanonska+kne%C5%BEevina&rft.btitle=Nova+zraka+u+europskom+svjetlu%3A+Hrvatske+zemlje+u+ranome+srednjem+vijeku+%28oko+550+%E2%88%92+oko+1150%29&rft.place=Zagreb&rft.pages=371-376&rft.pub=Matica+hrvatska&rft.date=2015&rft.isbn=978-953-150-942-8&rft.aulast=Gra%C4%8Danin&rft.aufirst=Hrvoje&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bib.irb.hr%2F856203&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASlavs+in+Lower+Pannonia" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGračanin2015" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Gračanin, Hrvoje (2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bib.irb.hr/856201">"Kraj antike na hrvatskim prostorima: Južna Panonija pod opsadom"</a> [The end of antiquity in Croatia: Lower Pannonia under siege]. In Zrinka Nikolić Jakus (ed.). <i>Nova zraka u europskom svjetlu: Hrvatske zemlje u ranome srednjem vijeku (oko 550 − oko 1150)</i> [<i>Croatian lands in the Early Middle Ages (o. 550. – o. 1150.)</i>] (in Croatian). Zagreb: <a href="/wiki/Matica_hrvatska" title="Matica hrvatska">Matica hrvatska</a>. pp. 4–9. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-953-150-942-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-953-150-942-8"><bdi>978-953-150-942-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Kraj+antike+na+hrvatskim+prostorima%3A+Ju%C5%BEna+Panonija+pod+opsadom&rft.btitle=Nova+zraka+u+europskom+svjetlu%3A+Hrvatske+zemlje+u+ranome+srednjem+vijeku+%28oko+550+%E2%88%92+oko+1150%29&rft.place=Zagreb&rft.pages=4-9&rft.pub=Matica+hrvatska&rft.date=2015&rft.isbn=978-953-150-942-8&rft.aulast=Gra%C4%8Danin&rft.aufirst=Hrvoje&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bib.irb.hr%2F856201&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASlavs+in+Lower+Pannonia" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGračanin2018" class="citation book cs1">Gračanin, Hrvoje (2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bib.irb.hr/920755">"Lower Pannonia before and after the Treaty of Aachen"</a>. In Ančić, Mladen; Shepard, Jonathan; Vedriš, Trpimir (eds.). <i>Imperial Spheres and the Adriatic. Byzantium, the Carolingians and the Treaty of Aachen (812)</i>. London-New York: Routledge Taylor & Francis Group. pp. 207–224. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-138-22594-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-138-22594-7"><bdi>978-1-138-22594-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Lower+Pannonia+before+and+after+the+Treaty+of+Aachen&rft.btitle=Imperial+Spheres+and+the+Adriatic.+Byzantium%2C+the+Carolingians+and+the+Treaty+of+Aachen+%28812%29&rft.place=London-New+York&rft.pages=207-224&rft.pub=Routledge+Taylor+%26+Francis+Group&rft.date=2018&rft.isbn=978-1-138-22594-7&rft.aulast=Gra%C4%8Danin&rft.aufirst=Hrvoje&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bib.irb.hr%2F920755&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASlavs+in+Lower+Pannonia" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGreenberg2004" class="citation journal cs1">Greenberg, Marc L. (2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/40870949">"Review: Sifting the Evidence for the Reconstruction of Pannonian Slavic (Reviewed Work: The Pannonian Slavic Dialect of the Common Slavic Proto-Language: The View from Old Hungarian. UCLA Indo-European Studies, vol. 2 by Ronald O. Richards, Vyacheslav V. Ivanov, Brent Vine)"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Canadian_Slavonic_Papers" title="Canadian Slavonic Papers">Canadian Slavonic Papers</a></i>. <b>46</b> (1/2): 213–220. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1080%2F00085006.2004.11092356">10.1080/00085006.2004.11092356</a>. <a href="/wiki/Hdl_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hdl (identifier)">hdl</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hdl.handle.net/1808%2F11474">1808/11474</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/40870949">40870949</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:130461047">130461047</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Canadian+Slavonic+Papers&rft.atitle=Review%3A+Sifting+the+Evidence+for+the+Reconstruction+of+Pannonian+Slavic+%28Reviewed+Work%3A+The+Pannonian+Slavic+Dialect+of+the+Common+Slavic+Proto-Language%3A+The+View+from+Old+Hungarian.+UCLA+Indo-European+Studies%2C+vol.+2+by+Ronald+O.+Richards%2C+Vyacheslav+V.+Ivanov%2C+Brent+Vine%29&rft.volume=46&rft.issue=1%2F2&rft.pages=213-220&rft.date=2004&rft_id=info%3Ahdl%2F1808%2F11474&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A130461047%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F40870949%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1080%2F00085006.2004.11092356&rft.aulast=Greenberg&rft.aufirst=Marc+L.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F40870949&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASlavs+in+Lower+Pannonia" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li>Szőke, Béla Miklós (2021). <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.11588/propylaeum.1110">Die Karolingerzeit in Pannonien.</a></i> Mainz: Verlag des Römisch-Germanischen Zentralmuseums, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3-88467-308-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-3-88467-308-9">978-3-88467-308-9</a>.</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output 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("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Early_Slavic_ethnic_groups_(7th–12th_centuries)" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Slavic_ethnic_groups_(VII-XII_century)" title="Template:Slavic ethnic groups (VII-XII century)"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Slavic_ethnic_groups_(VII-XII_century)" title="Template talk:Slavic ethnic groups (VII-XII century)"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Slavic_ethnic_groups_(VII-XII_century)" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Slavic ethnic groups (VII-XII century)"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Early_Slavic_ethnic_groups_(7th–12th_centuries)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_ancient_Slavic_peoples" class="mw-redirect" title="List of ancient Slavic peoples">Early Slavic ethnic groups (7th–12th centuries)</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/East_Slavs" title="East Slavs">East Slavs</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/White_Croats" title="White Croats">Carpathian Croats</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radimichs" title="Radimichs">Radimichs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Severians" title="Severians">Severians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tivertsi" title="Tivertsi">Tivertsi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ulichs" title="Ulichs">Ulichs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vyatichi" title="Vyatichi">Vyatichi</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Don_Slavs&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Don Slavs (page does not exist)">Don Slavs</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B5_%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%8F%D0%BD%D0%B5" class="extiw" title="ru:Донские славяне">ru</a>]</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zeriuani" title="Zeriuani">Zeriuani</a><sup>1</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bolokhovians" title="Bolokhovians">Bolokhovians</a><sup>1</sup></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Dulebes" title="Dulebes">Dulebes</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Buzhans" title="Buzhans">Buzhans</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Volhynians" title="Volhynians">Volhynians</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drevlians" title="Drevlians">Drevlians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polans_(eastern)" title="Polans (eastern)">Polans </a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dregoviches" title="Dregoviches">Dregoviches</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Narevyans&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Narevyans (page does not exist)">Narevyans</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B2%D1%8F%D0%BD%D0%B5" class="extiw" title="ru:Наревяне">ru</a>]</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Northern tribes</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Krivichs" title="Krivichs">Krivichs</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Polochans" title="Polochans">Polochans</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pskov%27s&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pskov's (page does not exist)">Pskov's</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B5_%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B8" class="extiw" title="ru:Псковские кривичи">ru</a>]</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tver" title="Tver">Tver</a>'s</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smolensk" title="Smolensk">Smolensk</a>'s</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Novgorod_Slavs" title="Novgorod Slavs">Slovenes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Merya_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Merya people">Merya</a><sup>2</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muromians" class="mw-redirect" title="Muromians">Muroma</a><sup>2</sup></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/West_Slavs" title="West Slavs">West Slavs</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Polish_tribes" title="Polish tribes">Polish tribes</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Goplans" title="Goplans">Goplans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lendians" title="Lendians">Lendians</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lubuszans&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lubuszans (page does not exist)">Lubuszans</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lubuszanie" class="extiw" title="pl:Lubuszanie">pl</a>]</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Masovians" title="Masovians">Masovians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polans_(western)" title="Polans (western)">Polans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sieradzans" title="Sieradzans">Sieradzans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vistulans" title="Vistulans">Vistulans</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kujawians&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kujawians (page does not exist)">Kujawians</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kujawianie" class="extiw" title="pl:Kujawianie">pl</a>]</span></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wiercans&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Wiercans (page does not exist)">Wiercans</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wiercanie" class="extiw" title="pl:Wiercanie">pl</a>]</span></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Thafnezi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Thafnezi (page does not exist)">Thafnezi</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thafnezi" class="extiw" title="pl:Thafnezi">pl</a>]</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Pomeranians_(tribe)" title="Pomeranians (tribe)">Pomeranians</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kashubians" title="Kashubians">Kashubians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prissani" title="Prissani">Prissani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wolinians" title="Wolinians">Wolinians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slovincians" title="Slovincians">Slovincians</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Silesian_tribes" title="Silesian tribes">Silesian tribes</a><sup>3</sup></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bezunzans&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bezunzans (page does not exist)">Bezunzans</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Besunzane" class="extiw" title="de:Besunzane">de</a>]</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bobrzanie" class="mw-redirect" title="Bobrzanie">Bobrzans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_Croats" title="White Croats">Silesian Croats</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dadosesani" title="Dadosesani">Dadosesani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Golensizi" title="Golensizi">Golensizi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Opolans" title="Opolans">Opolans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Selpoli" title="Selpoli">Selpoli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Silesians_(tribe)" title="Silesians (tribe)">Silesians</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Polabian_Slavs" title="Polabian Slavs">Polabian tribes</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Veleti" title="Veleti">Veleti</a> and <a href="/wiki/Lutici" title="Lutici">Lutici</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Brizans&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Brizans (page does not exist)">Brizans</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brze%C5%BCanie" class="extiw" title="pl:Brzeżanie">pl</a>]</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Circipania" title="Circipania">Circipania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kessinians" title="Kessinians">Kessinians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tollensians" title="Tollensians">Tollensians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Doxani" title="Doxani">Doxani</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Morzyczans&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Morzyczans (page does not exist)">Morzyczans</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Morzyczanie" class="extiw" title="pl:Morzyczanie">pl</a>]</span></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Neletyches&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Neletyches (page does not exist)">Neletyches</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nieletycy" class="extiw" title="pl:Nieletycy">pl</a>]</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rani_(tribe)" title="Rani (tribe)">Rujani</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Redariers&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Redariers (page does not exist)">Redariers</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Redarowie" class="extiw" title="pl:Redarowie">pl</a>]</span></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rechans&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rechans (page does not exist)">Rechans</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rzeczanie" class="extiw" title="pl:Rzeczanie">pl</a>]</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sprevane" title="Sprevane">Sprevane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hevelli" title="Hevelli">Hevelli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ukrani" title="Ukrani">Ukrani</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zamcici&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Zamcici (page does not exist)">Zamcici</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zamczycy" class="extiw" title="pl:Zamczycy">pl</a>]</span></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zemcici&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Zemcici (page does not exist)">Zemcici</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ziemczycy" class="extiw" title="pl:Ziemczycy">pl</a>]</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Obotrites" title="Obotrites">Obotrites</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bethenici" title="Bethenici">Bethenici</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drevani" title="Drevani">Drevani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Linons" class="mw-redirect" title="Linons">Linons</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Reregs&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Reregs (page does not exist)">Reregs</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reregowie" class="extiw" title="pl:Reregowie">pl</a>]</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smeldingi" title="Smeldingi">Smeldingi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wagri" title="Wagri">Wagri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Warnabi" title="Warnabi">Warnabi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polabians_(tribe)" title="Polabians (tribe)">Polabians</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Sorbs" title="Sorbs">Sorbs</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Khutices&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Khutices (page does not exist)">Khutices</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chutycy" class="extiw" title="pl:Chutycy">pl</a>]</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glomatians" title="Glomatians">Glomatians</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Koledices&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Koledices (page does not exist)">Koledices</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Koledzice" class="extiw" title="pl:Koledzice">pl</a>]</span></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lusatians_(tribe)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lusatians (tribe) (page does not exist)">Lusatians</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%81u%C5%BCyczanie" class="extiw" title="pl:Łużyczanie">pl</a>]</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Milceni" title="Milceni">Milceni</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Suslowi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Suslowi (page does not exist)">Suslowi</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sus%C5%82owie" class="extiw" title="pl:Susłowie">pl</a>]</span></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zhirmunts&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Zhirmunts (page does not exist)">Zhirmunts</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%BByrmunty" class="extiw" title="pl:Żyrmunty">pl</a>]</span></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zhitices&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Zhitices (page does not exist)">Zhitices</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%BBytyce" class="extiw" title="pl:Żytyce">pl</a>]</span></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Neletiches&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Neletiches (page does not exist)">Neletiches</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nieletycy" class="extiw" title="pl:Nieletycy">pl</a>]</span></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nizhices&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nizhices (page does not exist)">Nizhices</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nizice" class="extiw" title="pl:Nizice">pl</a>]</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nishans" class="mw-redirect" title="Nishans">Nishans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sorbs_(tribe)" title="Sorbs (tribe)">Sorbs</a> (<a href="/wiki/White_Serbia" title="White Serbia">White Serbs</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Bohemians_(tribe)" title="Bohemians (tribe)">Czech tribes</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/White_Croats" title="White Croats">Bohemian Croats</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Czechs" title="Czechs">Czechs</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dechans&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dechans (page does not exist)">Dechans</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deczanie" class="extiw" title="pl:Deczanie">pl</a>]</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dulebes" title="Dulebes">Bohemian Dulebes</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lemuzi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lemuzi (page does not exist)">Lemuzi</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lemuzi" class="extiw" title="cs:Lemuzi">cs</a>]</span></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Litomerici&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Litomerici (page does not exist)">Litomerici</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Litomierzyce_(plemi%C4%99)" class="extiw" title="pl:Litomierzyce (plemię)">pl</a>]</span></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Luchans&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Luchans (page does not exist)">Luchans</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lu%C4%8Dan%C3%A9" class="extiw" title="cs:Lučané">cs</a>]</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moravians_(tribe)" title="Moravians (tribe)">Moravians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Merehani" title="Merehani">Merehani</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pshovans&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pshovans (page does not exist)">Pshovans</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/P%C5%A1ovan%C3%A9" class="extiw" title="cs:Pšované">cs</a>]</span></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sedlichans&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sedlichans (page does not exist)">Sedlichans</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siedliczanie" class="extiw" title="pl:Siedliczanie">pl</a>]</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zlicans" title="Zlicans">Zlicans</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hbans&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hbans (page does not exist)">Hbans</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B1%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8" class="extiw" title="uk:Гбани">uk</a>]</span></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Domazhlici&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Domazhlici (page does not exist)">Domazhlici</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%B6%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B8" class="extiw" title="ru:Домажличи">ru</a>]</span></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lupiglians&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lupiglians (page does not exist)">Lupiglians</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lupiglaa" class="extiw" title="pl:Lupiglaa">pl</a>]</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Znetalici" title="Znetalici">Znetalici</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Slovaks" title="Slovaks">Slovak tribes</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nitrians&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nitrians (page does not exist)">Nitrians</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nitrzanie" class="extiw" title="pl:Nitrzanie">pl</a>]</span><sup>4</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slovaks" title="Slovaks">Slovaks</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/South_Slavs" title="South Slavs">South Slavs</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Bulgarian tribes</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Union of the <a href="/wiki/Seven_Slavic_tribes" title="Seven Slavic tribes">Seven Slavic tribes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Severians" title="Severians">Southern Severians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smolyani" title="Smolyani">Smolyani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Strymonites" title="Strymonites">Strymonites</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moratsi" title="Moratsi">Moratsi</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Milcovci&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Milcovci (page does not exist)">Milcovci</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B8%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%86%D1%8B" class="extiw" title="ru:Мильковцы">ru</a>]</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">in <a href="/wiki/Greece" title="Greece">Greece</a> and <a href="/wiki/Macedonia_(region)" title="Macedonia (region)">Macedonia</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Drougoubitai" title="Drougoubitai">Drougoubitai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ezeritai" title="Ezeritai">Ezeritai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Melingoi" title="Melingoi">Melingoi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sagudates" title="Sagudates">Sagudates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baiounitai" title="Baiounitai">Baiounitai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belegezites" title="Belegezites">Belegezites</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Berziti" title="Berziti">Berziti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rhynchinoi" title="Rhynchinoi">Rhynchinoi</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Slavic_settlement_of_the_Eastern_Alps" title="Slavic settlement of the Eastern Alps">Alpine Slavs</a> (<a href="/wiki/Carantanians" title="Carantanians">Carantanians</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asia_Minor_Slavs" title="Asia Minor Slavs">Asia Minor Slavs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pannonian_Slavs" class="mw-redirect" title="Pannonian Slavs">Pannonian Slavs</a> (<a href="/wiki/Dulebes" title="Dulebes">Pannonian Dulebes</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Croats" title="Croats">Croats</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guduscani" title="Guduscani">Guduscani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Narentines" title="Narentines">Narentines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zachlumia" title="Zachlumia">Zachlumians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Travunija" class="mw-redirect" title="Travunija">Travunians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kanalites" title="Kanalites">Kanalites</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duklja" title="Duklja">Diokletlians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serbs" title="Serbs">Serbs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Merehani" title="Merehani">Moravens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timo%C4%8Dani" title="Timočani">Timochans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brani%C4%8Devci" title="Braničevci">Branichevci</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Praedenecenti" title="Praedenecenti">Praedenecenti</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><b>Notes</b> (ethnicity is undefined): <sup>1</sup> = supposedly Eastern Slavic tribes</li> <li><sup>2</sup> = supposedly <a href="/wiki/Finno-Ugric_languages" title="Finno-Ugric languages">Finno-Ugric</a> tribes</li> <li><sup>3</sup> = some of the Silesian tribes are Germanic, for example <a href="/wiki/Silingi" title="Silingi">Silings</a></li> <li><sup>4</sup> = generally considered synonym for early medieval Slovaks</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Rulers_of_Slavs_in_Lower_Pannonia" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Rulers_of_Slavs_in_Lower_Pannonia" title="Template:Rulers of Slavs in Lower Pannonia"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Rulers_of_Slavs_in_Lower_Pannonia" title="Template talk:Rulers of Slavs in Lower Pannonia"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Rulers_of_Slavs_in_Lower_Pannonia" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Rulers of Slavs in Lower Pannonia"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Rulers_of_Slavs_in_Lower_Pannonia" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Rulers of <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Slavs in Lower Pannonia</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Primarily south of the Drava</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vojnomir" title="Vojnomir">Vojnomir</a> (c. 790–810)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ljudevit_(Lower_Pannonia)" title="Ljudevit (Lower Pannonia)">Ljudevit</a> (c. 810–823)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ratimir,_Duke_of_Lower_Pannonia" title="Ratimir, Duke of Lower Pannonia">Ratimir</a> (c. 829–838)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Braslav,_Duke_of_Lower_Pannonia" title="Braslav, Duke of Lower Pannonia">Braslav</a> (c. 882–896)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Primarily north of the Drava</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pribina" title="Pribina">Pribina</a> (c. 846–861)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kocel" title="Kocel">Kocel</a> (c. 861–876)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><i>See also: <a href="/wiki/Template:Early_medieval_Croatian_dukes" title="Template:Early medieval Croatian dukes">Early medieval Croatian dukes</a></i></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Early_medieval_Croatian_dukes" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Early_medieval_Croatian_dukes" title="Template:Early medieval Croatian dukes"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Early_medieval_Croatian_dukes" title="Template talk:Early medieval Croatian dukes"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Early_medieval_Croatian_dukes" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Early medieval Croatian dukes"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Early_medieval_Croatian_dukes" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_rulers_of_Croatia" class="mw-redirect" title="List of rulers of Croatia">Early medieval Croatian dukes</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Duchy_of_Croatia" title="Duchy of Croatia">Duchy of Croatia</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Unnamed (c. 635–c. 660)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Porga_of_Croatia" title="Porga of Croatia">Porga</a> (c. 660–c. 680)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vi%C5%A1eslav_of_Croatia" title="Višeslav of Croatia">Višeslav</a> (?; <abbr title="floruit ('flourished' – known to have been active at a particular time or during a particular period)">fl.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 800s</span>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Borna_(duke)" title="Borna (duke)">Borna</a> (810–821)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vladislav_of_Croatia" class="mw-redirect" title="Vladislav of Croatia">Vladislav</a> (821–835)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ljudemisl" title="Ljudemisl">Ljudemisl</a> (c. 823)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mislav_of_Croatia" class="mw-redirect" title="Mislav of Croatia">Mislav</a> (835–845)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trpimir_I_of_Croatia" class="mw-redirect" title="Trpimir I of Croatia">Trpimir I</a> (845–864)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Domagoj_of_Croatia" class="mw-redirect" title="Domagoj of Croatia">Domagoj</a> (864–876)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iljko_of_Croatia" class="mw-redirect" title="Iljko of Croatia">Iljko</a> (?) (876–878)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zdeslav_of_Croatia" class="mw-redirect" title="Zdeslav of Croatia">Zdeslav</a> (878–879)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Branimir_of_Croatia" class="mw-redirect" title="Branimir of Croatia">Branimir</a> (879–892)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muncimir_of_Croatia" class="mw-redirect" title="Muncimir of Croatia">Muncimir</a> (892–900)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tomislav_of_Croatia" class="mw-redirect" title="Tomislav of Croatia">Tomislav</a> (910–928)</li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="1" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Croatia,_Historic_Coat_of_Arms,_first_red_square.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Croatia%2C_Historic_Coat_of_Arms%2C_first_red_square.svg/40px-Croatia%2C_Historic_Coat_of_Arms%2C_first_red_square.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="43" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Croatia%2C_Historic_Coat_of_Arms%2C_first_red_square.svg/60px-Croatia%2C_Historic_Coat_of_Arms%2C_first_red_square.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Croatia%2C_Historic_Coat_of_Arms%2C_first_red_square.svg/80px-Croatia%2C_Historic_Coat_of_Arms%2C_first_red_square.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="707" data-file-height="760" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div><i>See also: <a href="/wiki/Template:Rulers_of_Slavs_in_Lower_Pannonia" title="Template:Rulers of Slavs in Lower Pannonia">Rulers of Slavs in Lower Pannonia</a></i></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886047488">.mw-parser-output .nobold{font-weight:normal}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Hungary_articles" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Hungary_topics" title="Template:Hungary topics"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Hungary_topics" title="Template talk:Hungary topics"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Hungary_topics" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Hungary topics"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Hungary_articles" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Hungary" title="Hungary">Hungary</a> <a href="/wiki/Index_of_Hungary-related_articles" title="Index of Hungary-related articles">articles</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/History_of_Hungary" title="History of Hungary">History</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hungarian_prehistory" title="Hungarian prehistory">Hungarian prehistory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pannonia" title="Pannonia">Pannonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Principality_of_Hungary" title="Principality of Hungary">Principality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Hungary_(1000%E2%80%931301)" title="Kingdom of Hungary (1000–1301)">High Medieval Kingdom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Hungary_(1301%E2%80%931526)" title="Kingdom of Hungary (1301–1526)">Late Medieval Kingdom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ottoman%E2%80%93Hungarian_wars" class="mw-redirect" title="Ottoman–Hungarian wars">Ottoman–Hungarian wars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Hungary_(1526%E2%80%931867)" title="Kingdom of Hungary (1526–1867)">Habsburg Kingdom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Principality_of_Transylvania_(1570%E2%80%931711)" title="Principality of Transylvania (1570–1711)">Principality of Transylvania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/R%C3%A1k%C3%B3czi%27s_War_of_Independence" title="Rákóczi's War of Independence">Rákóczi's War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hungarian_Revolution_of_1848" title="Hungarian Revolution of 1848">Revolution of 1848</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Austria-Hungary" title="Austria-Hungary">Austro-Hungarian Empire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hungary_in_World_War_I" title="Hungary in World War I">World War I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Hungarian_Republic" title="First Hungarian Republic">First Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Trianon" title="Treaty of Trianon">Treaty of Trianon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Hungary_(1920%E2%80%931946)" title="Kingdom of Hungary (1920–1946)">Interwar Kingdom of Hungary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hungary_in_World_War_II" title="Hungary in World War II">World War II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Hungarian_Republic" title="Second Hungarian Republic">Second Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hungarian_People%27s_Republic" title="Hungarian People's Republic">People's Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hungarian_Revolution_of_1956" title="Hungarian Revolution of 1956">Revolution of 1956</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Hungary#Third_Republic_(since_1989)" title="History of Hungary">Third Republic</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Christianity_in_Hungary" title="History of Christianity in Hungary">Christianity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Hungary#History_of_the_Hungarian_economy" title="Economy of Hungary">Economic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_history_of_Hungary" title="Military history of Hungary">Military</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_wars_involving_Hungary" title="List of wars involving Hungary">List of wars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%81rp%C3%A1d_dynasty" title="Árpád dynasty">Árpád dynasty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/King_of_Hungary" title="King of Hungary">King</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Hungarian_monarchs" title="List of Hungarian monarchs">Monarchs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holy_Crown_of_Hungary" title="Holy Crown of Hungary">Holy Crown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Regent_of_Hungary" title="Regent of Hungary">Regent</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hungarian_nobility" title="Hungarian nobility">Nobility</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Hungary" title="Flag of Hungary">Flag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coat_of_arms_of_Hungary" title="Coat of arms of Hungary">Coat of arms</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Hungary" title="Geography of Hungary">Geography</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Administrative_divisions_of_Hungary" title="Administrative divisions of Hungary">Administrative divisions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Counties_of_Hungary" title="Counties of Hungary">Counties</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_and_towns_of_Hungary" title="List of cities and towns of Hungary">Cities and towns</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Climate_of_Hungary" title="Climate of Hungary">Climate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Hungary#Extreme_points" title="Geography of Hungary">Extreme points</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Geology_of_Hungary" title="Category:Geology of Hungary">Geology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hydrology_of_Hungary" title="Hydrology of Hungary">Hydrology</a> <ul><li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/List_of_islands_of_Hungary" title="List of islands of Hungary">Islands</a></span></li> <li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/List_of_lakes_of_Hungary" title="List of lakes of Hungary">Lakes</a></span></li> <li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/List_of_rivers_of_Hungary" title="List of rivers of Hungary">Rivers</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Mountain_ranges_of_Hungary" title="Category:Mountain ranges of Hungary">Mountains</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_national_parks_of_Hungary" title="List of national parks of Hungary">National parks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_regions_of_Hungary" title="List of regions of Hungary">Regions</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Hungary" title="Politics of Hungary">Politics</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Government_of_Hungary" title="Government of Hungary">Cabinet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_Hungary" title="Constitution of Hungary">Constitution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Hungary" title="Elections in Hungary">Elections</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Hungary" title="Foreign relations of Hungary">Foreign relations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_rights_in_Hungary" title="Human rights in Hungary">Human rights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Hungarian_intelligence_agencies" title="Category:Hungarian intelligence agencies">Intelligence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Law_of_Hungary" title="Category:Law of Hungary">Law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_enforcement_in_Hungary" title="Law enforcement in Hungary">Law enforcement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hungarian_Defence_Forces" title="Hungarian Defence Forces">Military</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chief_of_General_Staff_(Hungary)" title="Chief of General Staff (Hungary)">Chief of General Staff</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hungarian_nationality_law" title="Hungarian nationality law">Nationality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Assembly_(Hungary)" title="National Assembly (Hungary)">Parliament</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_speakers_of_the_National_Assembly_(Hungary)" title="List of speakers of the National Assembly (Hungary)">Speaker</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_Hungary" title="List of political parties in Hungary">Political parties</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/President_of_Hungary" title="President of Hungary">President</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_heads_of_state_of_Hungary" title="List of heads of state of Hungary"><span style="font-size:85%;">list</span></a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Hungary" title="Prime Minister of Hungary">Prime Minister</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_prime_ministers_of_Hungary" title="List of prime ministers of Hungary"><span style="font-size:85%;">list</span></a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Hungary" title="Economy of Hungary">Economy</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Hungary#Agriculture" title="Economy of Hungary">Agriculture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_banks_in_Hungary" title="List of banks in Hungary">Banks</a> <ul><li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Hungarian_National_Bank" title="Hungarian National Bank">Hungarian National Bank</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_companies_of_Hungary" title="List of companies of Hungary">Companies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Energy_in_Hungary" title="Energy in Hungary">Energy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hungarian_forint" title="Hungarian forint">Forint </a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(currency)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Hungary#Industry" title="Economy of Hungary">Industry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Science_and_technology_in_Hungary" title="Science and technology in Hungary">Science and technology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Budapest_Stock_Exchange" title="Budapest Stock Exchange">Stock exchange</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taxation_in_Hungary" title="Taxation in Hungary">Taxation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Hungary" title="Telecommunications in Hungary">Telecommunications</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tourism_in_Hungary" title="Tourism in Hungary">Tourism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Trade_unions_in_Hungary" title="Category:Trade unions in Hungary">Trade unions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transport_in_Hungary" title="Transport in Hungary">Transport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unemployment_in_Hungary" title="Unemployment in Hungary">Unemployment</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Society_of_Hungary" title="Category:Society of Hungary">Society</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Hungarian_sentiment" title="Anti-Hungarian sentiment">Anti-Hungarian sentiment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crime_in_Hungary" title="Crime in Hungary">Crime</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Hungary" title="Demographics of Hungary">Demographics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Education_in_Hungary" title="Education in Hungary">Education</a> <ul><li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/List_of_universities_and_colleges_in_Hungary" title="List of universities and colleges in Hungary">Universities and colleges</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Family_policy_in_Hungary" title="Family policy in Hungary">Family policy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Health_in_Hungary" title="Health in Hungary">Health</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Healthcare_in_Hungary" title="Healthcare in Hungary">Healthcare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_trafficking_in_Hungary" title="Human trafficking in Hungary">Human trafficking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hungarians" title="Hungarians">Hungarians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hungarian_diaspora" title="Hungarian diaspora">Hungarian diaspora</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hungarian_irredentism" title="Hungarian irredentism">Irredentism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_rankings_of_Hungary" title="International rankings of Hungary">International rankings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Hungary" title="Languages of Hungary">Languages</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LGBT_rights_in_Hungary" class="mw-redirect" title="LGBT rights in Hungary">LGBT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prostitution_in_Hungary" title="Prostitution in Hungary">Prostitution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_holidays_in_Hungary" title="Public holidays in Hungary">Public holidays</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Hungary" title="Religion in Hungary">Religion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women_in_Hungary" title="Women in Hungary">Women</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Hungary" title="Culture of Hungary">Culture</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Architecture_of_Hungary" title="Architecture of Hungary">Architecture</a> <ul><li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/List_of_castles_in_Hungary" title="List of castles in Hungary">Castles</a></span></li> <li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/List_of_palaces_in_Hungary" class="mw-redirect" title="List of palaces in Hungary">Palaces and mansions</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hungarian_art" title="Hungarian art">Art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Hungary" title="Cinema of Hungary">Cinema</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hungarian_cuisine" title="Hungarian cuisine">Cuisine</a> <ul><li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Hungarian_wine" title="Hungarian wine">Wine</a></span></li> <li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Beer_in_Hungary" title="Beer in Hungary">Beer</a></span></li> <li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Hungarian_dishes" title="List of Hungarian dishes">Dishes</a></span></li> <li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Hungarian_sausages" title="Hungarian sausages">Sausages</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hungarian_dance" class="mw-redirect" title="Hungarian dance">Dance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Budapest_Fashion_Week" title="Budapest Fashion Week">Fashion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Festivals_in_Hungary" title="Category:Festivals in Hungary">Festivals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Hungarian_folklore" title="Category:Hungarian folklore">Folklore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Hungarian_inventions" title="Category:Hungarian inventions">Inventions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hungarian_language" title="Hungarian language">Hungarian language</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hungarian_literature" title="Hungarian literature">Literature</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Media_of_Hungary" class="mw-redirect" title="Media of Hungary">Media</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Hungary" title="Music of Hungary">Music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hungarian_names" title="Hungarian names">Names</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Hungary#Spa_culture" title="Culture of Hungary">Spa culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hungary_at_the_Olympics" title="Hungary at the Olympics">Sport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_symbols_of_Hungary" title="National symbols of Hungary">Symbols</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Television_in_Hungary" title="Television in Hungary">Television</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_theatres_in_Hungary" title="List of theatres in Hungary">Theatre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_World_Heritage_Sites_in_Hungary" title="List of World Heritage Sites in Hungary">World Heritage Sites</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="font-weight:bold;"><div><div style="margin-bottom:-0.4em;"><ul><li><span class="nobold"><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_Hungary" title="Outline of Hungary">Outline</a></span></li><li><span class="nobold"><a href="/wiki/Index_of_Hungary-related_articles" title="Index of Hungary-related articles">Index</a></span></li></ul></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Hungary" title="Category:Hungary">Category</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portal:Hungary" title="Portal:Hungary">Portal</a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Croatia_articles" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link 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points of Croatia">Extreme points</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_islands_of_Croatia" title="List of islands of Croatia">Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_lakes_of_Croatia" title="List of lakes of Croatia">Lakes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_mammals_of_Croatia" title="List of mammals of Croatia">Mammals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_mountains_in_Croatia" title="List of mountains in Croatia">Mountains</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_protected_areas_of_Croatia" title="List of protected areas of Croatia">Protected areas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_rivers_of_Croatia" title="List of rivers of Croatia">Rivers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Topography_of_Croatia" title="Topography of Croatia">Topography</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Croatia" title="Politics of Croatia">Politics</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Administrative_divisions_of_Croatia" title="Administrative divisions of Croatia">Administrative divisions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_Croatia" title="Constitution of Croatia">Constitution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/President_of_Croatia" title="President of Croatia">President</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Government_of_Croatia" title="Government of Croatia">Government</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Croatia" title="Prime Minister of Croatia">Prime Minister</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_rights_in_Croatia" title="Human rights in Croatia">Human rights</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/LGBT_rights_in_Croatia" class="mw-redirect" title="LGBT rights in 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title="Croatian wine">Wine</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Croatian_language" title="Croatian language">Croatian language</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Croatian_literature" title="Croatian literature">Literature</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Croatia" title="Music of Croatia">Music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_holidays_in_Croatia" title="Public holidays in Croatia">Public holidays</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_radio_stations_in_Croatia" title="List of radio stations in Croatia">Radio stations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sport_in_Croatia" title="Sport in Croatia">Sport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Television_in_Croatia" title="Television in Croatia">Television</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_World_Heritage_Sites_in_Croatia" title="List of World Heritage Sites in Croatia">World Heritage Sites</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a 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