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class="mw-page-title-main">ETFE</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 15 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-15" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">15 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A5%D9%8A%D8%AB%D9%8A%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%86_%D8%B1%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B9%D9%8A_%D9%81%D9%84%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%88_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A5%D9%8A%D8%AB%D9%8A%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%86" title="إيثيلين رباعي فلورو الإيثيلين – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="إيثيلين رباعي فلورو الإيثيلين" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%DB%8C%E2%80%8C%D8%AA%DB%8C%E2%80%8C%D8%A7%D9%81%E2%80%8C%D8%A7%DB%8C" title="ای‌تی‌اف‌ای – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="ای‌تی‌اف‌ای" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/ETFE" title="ETFE – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="ETFE" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ethylen-Tetrafluorethylen-Copolymer" title="Ethylen-Tetrafluorethylen-Copolymer – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Ethylen-Tetrafluorethylen-Copolymer" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/ETFE" title="ETFE – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="ETFE" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Etileno_tetrafluoroetileno_kopolimero" title="Etileno tetrafluoroetileno kopolimero – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Etileno tetrafluoroetileno kopolimero" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a 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class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Etilene_tetrafluoroetilene" title="Etilene tetrafluoroetilene – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Etilene tetrafluoroetilene" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/ETFE" title="ETFE – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="ETFE" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82-40" title="Фторопласт-40 – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Фторопласт-40" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Etilen_tetrafluoroetilen" title="Etilen tetrafluoroetilen – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Etilen tetrafluoroetilen" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Etilen_tetrafluoroetilen" title="Etilen tetrafluoroetilen – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Etilen tetrafluoroetilen" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a 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vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Appearance</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">hide</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1084375498">.mw-parser-output .ib-chembox{border-collapse:collapse;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .ib-chembox td,.mw-parser-output .ib-chembox th{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:40%}.mw-parser-output .ib-chembox td+td{width:60%}</style> <table class="infobox ib-chembox"> <caption>ETFE </caption> <tbody><tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align:center; padding:2px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Ethylen-Tetrafluorethylen.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Ethylen-Tetrafluorethylen.svg/220px-Ethylen-Tetrafluorethylen.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="124" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Ethylen-Tetrafluorethylen.svg/330px-Ethylen-Tetrafluorethylen.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Ethylen-Tetrafluorethylen.svg/440px-Ethylen-Tetrafluorethylen.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="198" data-file-height="112" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="background: #f8eaba; text-align: center;">Names </th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Chemical_nomenclature" title="Chemical nomenclature">IUPAC name</a> <div style="max-width:22em; word-wrap:break-word; padding-left:1.7em;">poly(1,1,2,2-tetrafluorobutane-1,4-diyl)</div> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align:left;">Other names <div style="max-width:22em; word-wrap:break-word; padding-left:1.7em;">poly(ethene-co-tetrafluoroethene)</div> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="background: #f8eaba; text-align: center;">Identifiers </th></tr> <tr> <td><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/CAS_Registry_Number" title="CAS Registry Number">CAS Number</a></div> </td> <td><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><span title="commonchemistry.cas.org"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://commonchemistry.cas.org/detail?cas_rn=25038-71-5">25038-71-5</a></span><sup> <span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="check" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/7px-Yes_check.svg.png" decoding="async" width="7" height="7" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/11px-Yes_check.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/14px-Yes_check.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></span></span><span style="display:none">Y</span></sup></li></ul></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/ChemSpider" title="ChemSpider">ChemSpider</a> </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li>none</li></ul></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/CompTox_Chemicals_Dashboard" title="CompTox Chemicals Dashboard">CompTox Dashboard</a> <span style="font-weight:normal">(<abbr title="U.S. Environmental Protection Agency">EPA</abbr>)</span></div> </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><span title="comptox.epa.gov"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://comptox.epa.gov/dashboard/chemical/details/DTXSID10880370">DTXSID10880370</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q144893#P3117" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></span></li></ul></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><div class="collapsible-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="text-align: left;"> <div style="line-height: 1.6em; font-weight: bold; text-align:left; font-weight:normal; background:transparent;"><div><a href="/wiki/International_Chemical_Identifier" title="International Chemical Identifier">InChI</a></div></div> <ul class="mw-collapsible-content" style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; line-height: inherit; list-style: none; margin-left: 0; word-break:break-all;"><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><div style="border-top:1px solid #ccc; padding:0.2em 0 0.2em 1.5em; text-align:left;"><div style="word-wrap:break-word; text-indent:-1.5em; font-size:97%; line-height:120%;">InChI=1S/C2F4.C2H4/c3-1(4)2(5)6;1-2/h;1-2H2<sup> <span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="check" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/7px-Yes_check.svg.png" decoding="async" width="7" height="7" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/11px-Yes_check.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/14px-Yes_check.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></span></span><span style="display:none">Y</span></sup></div><div style="word-wrap:break-word; text-indent:-1.5em; font-size:97%; line-height:120%;">Key: QHSJIZLJUFMIFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N<sup> <span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="check" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/7px-Yes_check.svg.png" decoding="async" width="7" height="7" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/11px-Yes_check.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/14px-Yes_check.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></span></span><span style="display:none">Y</span></sup></div></div></li></ul> </div> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align:left; background:#f8eaba; border:1px solid #a2a9b1;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their <a href="/wiki/Standard_state" title="Standard state">standard state</a> (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).</div> <div style="margin-top: 0.3em;"><div style="text-align:center;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="☒" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/X_mark.svg/12px-X_mark.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/X_mark.svg/18px-X_mark.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/X_mark.svg/24px-X_mark.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="525" data-file-height="600" /></span></span><span style="display:none">N</span> <span class="reflink plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:ComparePages&rev1=464189599&page2=ETFE">verify</a></span> (<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Chemicals/Chembox_validation" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Chemicals/Chembox validation">what is</a> <sup><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="check" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/7px-Yes_check.svg.png" decoding="async" width="7" height="7" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/11px-Yes_check.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/14px-Yes_check.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></span></span><span style="display:none">Y</span><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="☒" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/X_mark.svg/7px-X_mark.svg.png" decoding="async" width="7" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/X_mark.svg/11px-X_mark.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/X_mark.svg/14px-X_mark.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="525" data-file-height="600" /></span></span><span style="display:none">N</span></sup> ?) </div></div> <div style="margin-top: 0.3em; text-align: center;"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Chemical_infobox#References" title="Wikipedia:Chemical infobox">Infobox references</a></div> </td></tr> </tbody></table><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Chemical compound</div> <p><b>Ethylene tetrafluoroethylene</b> (<b>ETFE</b>) is a <a href="/wiki/Fluorine" title="Fluorine">fluorine</a>-based <a href="/wiki/Plastic" title="Plastic">plastic</a>. It was designed to have high corrosion resistance and strength over a wide temperature range. ETFE is a <a href="/wiki/Polymer" title="Polymer">polymer</a> and its <a href="/wiki/IUPAC_polymer_nomenclature" title="IUPAC polymer nomenclature">source-based name</a> is <b>poly (ethene-co-tetrafluoroethene)</b>. It is also known under the DuPont brand name <b>Tefzel</b> and is sometimes referred to as 'Teflon Film'. ETFE has a relatively high melting temperature and excellent chemical, electrical and high-energy radiation resistance properties. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Properties">Properties</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=ETFE&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Properties"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Useful comparison tables of <a href="/wiki/PTFE" class="mw-redirect" title="PTFE">PTFE</a> against <a href="/wiki/Fluorinated_ethylene_propylene" title="Fluorinated ethylene propylene">FEP</a>, <a href="/wiki/Perfluoroalkoxy" class="mw-redirect" title="Perfluoroalkoxy">PFA</a> and ETFE can be found on Chemours' website, listing the mechanical, thermal, chemical and electrical properties of each, side by side.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> ETFE is effectively the high-strength version of the other three in this group. </p><p>ETFE film is self-cleaning (due to its nonstick properties) and recyclable.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As a film for roofing it can be stretched and still be taut if some variation in size, such as that caused by thermal expansion, were to occur. Employing heat welding, tears can be repaired with a patch or multiple sheets assembled into larger panels. </p><p>ETFE has an approximate tensile strength of 42 MPa (6100 psi), with a working temperature range of <span class="nowrap">89 K</span> to <span class="nowrap">423 K</span> (<span class="nowrap">−185 °C</span> to <span class="nowrap">+150 °C</span> or <span class="nowrap">−300 °F</span> to <span class="nowrap">+300 °F</span>).<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>ETFE resins are resistant to ultraviolet light. An <a href="/wiki/Weather_testing_of_polymers#Artificial_weathering" title="Weather testing of polymers">artificial weathering</a> test (comparable to 30 years’ exposure) produced no filtering and almost no signs of film deterioration.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>ETFE systems can control light transmission through the application of plasma coatings, varnishes or printed frit patterns.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Thermal and acoustic insulation can be incorporated into an ETFE structure via the use of multi-layer systems which use low-pressure air pumps to create ETFE "cushions".<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> For instance u value of ETFE single layer, double and three layers are approximately: <i>5.6, 2.5 and 1.9</i> W/m2.k respectively<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> while concerning g value of etfe cushion or SHGC in ETFE systems it can vary between 0.2 to 0.95 using frits<sup id="cite_ref-:0_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and for further info about SHGC in ETFE refer to<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Applications">Applications</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=ETFE&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Applications"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:EdenProject2005-07-30.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/EdenProject2005-07-30.jpg/220px-EdenProject2005-07-30.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/EdenProject2005-07-30.jpg/330px-EdenProject2005-07-30.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/EdenProject2005-07-30.jpg/440px-EdenProject2005-07-30.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3456" data-file-height="2304" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Eden_Project" title="Eden Project">Eden Project</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cornwall" title="Cornwall">Cornwall</a>, UK. <a href="/wiki/Biome" title="Biome">Biomes</a> are constructed with ETFE cushions.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Manchester_Piccadilly_Inside.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Manchester_Piccadilly_Inside.jpg/220px-Manchester_Piccadilly_Inside.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Manchester_Piccadilly_Inside.jpg/330px-Manchester_Piccadilly_Inside.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Manchester_Piccadilly_Inside.jpg/440px-Manchester_Piccadilly_Inside.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1067" data-file-height="800" /></a><figcaption>ETFE roof at <a href="/wiki/Manchester_Piccadilly_station" title="Manchester Piccadilly station">Manchester Piccadilly station</a>, Manchester, UK</figcaption></figure> <p>ETFE was developed by <a href="/wiki/DuPont" title="DuPont">DuPont</a> in the 1970s initially as a lightweight, heat resistant film in the aerospace industry.<sup id="cite_ref-archdaily_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-archdaily-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> From its development it was largely used infrequently in agricultural and architectural projects.<sup id="cite_ref-archdaily_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-archdaily-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> ETFE's first large-scale use architecturally came in 2001 at the <a href="/wiki/Eden_Project" title="Eden Project">Eden Project</a> where ETFE was selected as it can be printed and layered to control solar conditions and because it was found to have a low friction coefficient, which saves on maintenance as dust and dirt do not stick.<sup id="cite_ref-archdaily_9-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-archdaily-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>An example of its use is as <a href="/wiki/Pneumatic" class="mw-redirect" title="Pneumatic">pneumatic</a> panels to cover the outside of the <a href="/wiki/Association_football" title="Association football">football</a> <a href="/wiki/Stadium" title="Stadium">stadium</a> <a href="/wiki/Allianz_Arena" title="Allianz Arena">Allianz Arena</a> or the <a href="/wiki/Beijing_National_Aquatics_Centre" class="mw-redirect" title="Beijing National Aquatics Centre">Beijing National Aquatics Centre</a> (a.k.a. the Water Cube of the 2008 Olympics) – the world's largest <a href="/wiki/Building" title="Building">structure</a> made of ETFE film (<a href="/wiki/Laminate" class="mw-redirect" title="Laminate">laminate</a>). The panels of the <a href="/wiki/Eden_Project" title="Eden Project">Eden Project</a> are also made from ETFE, and the <a href="/wiki/Tropical_Islands" class="mw-redirect" title="Tropical Islands">Tropical Islands</a> have a 20,000 m<sup>2</sup> window made from this <a href="/wiki/Translucent" class="mw-redirect" title="Translucent">translucent</a> material. </p><p>Another key use of ETFE is for the covering of electrical and fiber-optic wiring used in high-stress, low-fume-toxicity and high-reliability situations. Aircraft, spacecraft and motorsport wiring are primary examples. Some small cross-section wires like the wire used for the <a href="/wiki/Wire-wrap" class="mw-redirect" title="Wire-wrap">wire-wrap</a> technique are coated with ETFE. </p><p>As a dual laminate, ETFE can be bonded with <a href="/wiki/Fibre-reinforced_plastic" title="Fibre-reinforced plastic">FRP</a> as a thermoplastic liner and used in pipes, tanks, and vessels for additional corrosion protection. </p><p>ETFE is commonly used in the <a href="/wiki/Nuclear_industry" class="mw-redirect" title="Nuclear industry">nuclear industry</a> for tie or cable wraps and in the aviation and aerospace industries for wire coatings. This is because ETFE has better mechanical toughness than <a href="/wiki/Polytetrafluoroethylene" title="Polytetrafluoroethylene">PTFE</a>. In addition, ETFE exhibits a high-energy radiation resistance and can withstand moderately high temperatures for a long period. Commercially deployed brand names of ETFE include <i>Tefzel</i> by <a href="/wiki/DuPont" title="DuPont">DuPont</a>, <i>Fluon</i> by <a href="/wiki/Asahi_Glass_Company" class="mw-redirect" title="Asahi Glass Company">Asahi Glass Company</a>, <i>Neoflon ETFE</i> by <a href="/wiki/Daikin" title="Daikin">Daikin</a>, and <i>Texlon</i> by <a href="/wiki/Vector_Foiltec" title="Vector Foiltec">Vector Foiltec</a>. <a href="/wiki/Sumitomo_Electric" class="mw-redirect" title="Sumitomo Electric">Sumitomo Electric</a> developed an aluminium-ETFE <a href="/wiki/Composite_material" title="Composite material">composite</a> marketed as Sumiflon-E<span style="font-weight: normal"> (<span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">スミフロンE</span></span>)</span>.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Additionally, now a day the commercial use of architectural ETFE as skylight or facade materials has become very popular all over the world not only in Europe, in middle east for instance many shopping malls, sports and cultural mega venues developments has utilized ETFE for example recent huge greenhouse park development in Abu Dhabi (Mawasem Park – Green House – Abu Dhabi <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://earth.google.com/web/search/Mawasem+Park+-+Green+House+-+Abu+Dhabi/@24.6888432,54.7726693,15.93282488a,949.44345391d,35y,0h,45t,0r/data=CpEBGmcSYQolMHgzZTVlNTViODdkYjk0NmMzOjB4ZTQ4ZTQxMmQ2NzRmMjljNBltEigHWLA4QCHFD9_T5mJLQComTWF3YXNlbSBQYXJrIC0gR3JlZW4gSG91c2UgLSBBYnUgRGhhYmkYAiABIiYKJAnE4lngS7I4QBFjn8fo8404QBlYO2Q_j1ZLQCG4XX_poidLQCgCOgMKATA">House</a>) managed by Fabrix360 ETFE expert<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Due to its high temperature resistance ETFE is also used in film mode as a mold-release film.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> ETFE film offered by Guarniflon or Airtech International and Honeywell is used in aerospace applications such as carbon fiber <a href="/wiki/Pre-preg" title="Pre-preg">pre-preg</a> curing as a release film for molds or hot high-pressure plates. </p> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:AWM-Munich-ETFE-Cushions-Photovoltaic.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/AWM-Munich-ETFE-Cushions-Photovoltaic.jpg/255px-AWM-Munich-ETFE-Cushions-Photovoltaic.jpg" decoding="async" width="255" height="170" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/AWM-Munich-ETFE-Cushions-Photovoltaic.jpg/383px-AWM-Munich-ETFE-Cushions-Photovoltaic.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/AWM-Munich-ETFE-Cushions-Photovoltaic.jpg/510px-AWM-Munich-ETFE-Cushions-Photovoltaic.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4072" data-file-height="2715" /></a><figcaption>ETFE cushions roof with integrated photovoltaic cells. Munich's municipal waste management department</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notable_buildings">Notable buildings</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=ETFE&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Notable buildings"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-More_citations_needed_section plainlinks metadata ambox mbox-small-left ambox-content ambox-Refimprove" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>needs additional citations for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/ETFE" title="Special:EditPage/ETFE">improve this article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a> in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">January 2017</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Notable buildings and designs using ETFE as a significant architectural element: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Allianz_Arena" title="Allianz Arena">Allianz Arena</a>, <a href="/wiki/Munich" title="Munich">Munich</a>, <a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany">Germany</a><figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:UEFA_Euro_2020_knockout_phase_-_Belgium_vs._Italy.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/UEFA_Euro_2020_knockout_phase_-_Belgium_vs._Italy.jpg/220px-UEFA_Euro_2020_knockout_phase_-_Belgium_vs._Italy.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="122" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/UEFA_Euro_2020_knockout_phase_-_Belgium_vs._Italy.jpg/330px-UEFA_Euro_2020_knockout_phase_-_Belgium_vs._Italy.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/UEFA_Euro_2020_knockout_phase_-_Belgium_vs._Italy.jpg/440px-UEFA_Euro_2020_knockout_phase_-_Belgium_vs._Italy.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4500" data-file-height="2500" /></a><figcaption>The Allianz Arena</figcaption></figure></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beijing_National_Aquatics_Centre" class="mw-redirect" title="Beijing National Aquatics Centre">Beijing National Aquatics Centre</a>, (the Water Cube) <a href="/wiki/Beijing" title="Beijing">Beijing</a>, <a href="/wiki/China" title="China">China</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eden_Project" title="Eden Project">Eden Project</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cornwall" title="Cornwall">Cornwall</a>, <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khan_Shatyr_Entertainment_Center" title="Khan Shatyr Entertainment Center">Khan Shatyr Entertainment Center</a>, <a href="/wiki/Astana" title="Astana">Astana</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kazakhstan" title="Kazakhstan">Kazakhstan</a></li></ul> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:The_National_Space_Centre,_Leicester._-_geograph.org.uk_-_377519.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/The_National_Space_Centre%2C_Leicester._-_geograph.org.uk_-_377519.jpg/220px-The_National_Space_Centre%2C_Leicester._-_geograph.org.uk_-_377519.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="182" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/The_National_Space_Centre%2C_Leicester._-_geograph.org.uk_-_377519.jpg/330px-The_National_Space_Centre%2C_Leicester._-_geograph.org.uk_-_377519.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/The_National_Space_Centre%2C_Leicester._-_geograph.org.uk_-_377519.jpg/440px-The_National_Space_Centre%2C_Leicester._-_geograph.org.uk_-_377519.jpg 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="528" /></a><figcaption>National Space Centre, Leicester UK</figcaption></figure> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/National_Space_Centre" title="National Space Centre">National Space Centre</a>, Leicester, United Kingdom</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuauht%C3%A9moc_Stadium" class="mw-redirect" title="Cuauhtémoc Stadium">Cuauhtémoc Stadium</a>, Puebla, <a href="/wiki/M%C3%A9xico" class="mw-redirect" title="México">México</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Midland_Metropolitan_University_Hospital" title="Midland Metropolitan University Hospital">Midland Metropolitan University Hospital</a>, Smethwick, Birmingham, United Kingdom</li> <li><a href="/wiki/U.S._Bank_Stadium" title="U.S. Bank Stadium">U.S. Bank Stadium</a>, <a href="/wiki/Minneapolis" title="Minneapolis">Minneapolis</a>, <a href="/wiki/Minnesota" title="Minnesota">Minnesota</a>, <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a><sup id="cite_ref-archdaily_9-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-archdaily-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SoFi_Stadium" title="SoFi Stadium">SoFi Stadium</a>. Inglewood, California, USA<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Allegiant_Stadium" title="Allegiant Stadium">Allegiant Stadium</a>, Las Vegas, Nevada, USA.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hard_Rock_Stadium" title="Hard Rock Stadium">Hard Rock Stadium</a>, <a href="/wiki/Miami_Gardens,_Florida" title="Miami Gardens, Florida">Miami Gardens, Florida</a>, United States</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Banc_of_California_Stadium" class="mw-redirect" title="Banc of California Stadium">Banc of California Stadium</a>. Los Angeles, California, United States<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Avenues_Phase-III&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Avenues Phase-III (page does not exist)">Avenues Phase-III</a>, Al-Rai, Kuwait</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Avenues_Phase_IV_%26_IVB&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Avenues Phase IV & IVB (page does not exist)">Avenues Phase IV & IVB</a>, Al-Rai, Kuwait</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dworzec_Tramwajowy_Centrum&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dworzec Tramwajowy Centrum (page does not exist)">Dworzec Tramwajowy Centrum</a>, tram station in <a href="/wiki/%C5%81%C3%B3d%C5%BA" title="Łódź">Łódź</a>, <a href="/wiki/Poland" title="Poland">Poland</a>.</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Solaris_(building)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Solaris (building) (page does not exist)">Solaris</a>, Clamart, France</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Discovery_College" title="Discovery College">Discovery College</a>, Lantau Island, Hong Kong</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Green_18,_Hong_Kong_Science_Park&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Green 18, Hong Kong Science Park (page does not exist)">Green 18, Hong Kong Science Park</a>, Hong Kong</li> <li>Pavilion, <a href="/wiki/Alnwick_Castle" title="Alnwick Castle">Alnwick Castle</a>, <a href="/wiki/Alnwick" title="Alnwick">Alnwick</a>, United Kingdom</li> <li><a href="/wiki/BC_Place" title="BC Place">BC Place</a>, <a href="/wiki/Vancouver" title="Vancouver">Vancouver, British Columbia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Canada" title="Canada">Canada</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:D%C3%A9tail_de_la_structure.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/D%C3%A9tail_de_la_structure.JPG/220px-D%C3%A9tail_de_la_structure.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="124" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/D%C3%A9tail_de_la_structure.JPG/330px-D%C3%A9tail_de_la_structure.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/D%C3%A9tail_de_la_structure.JPG/440px-D%C3%A9tail_de_la_structure.JPG 2x" data-file-width="4864" data-file-height="2736" /></a><figcaption>Detail of Beijing National Aquatics Centre showing ETFE exterior cushions</figcaption></figure> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.makmax.com/applications/institutional/river-culture-center-the-ark/">River Culture Pavillon The ARC</a>, <a href="/wiki/Daegu" title="Daegu">Daegu</a>, South Korea</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://taiyo-europe.com/?taiyo-portfolio=municipal-waste-management-department-munich">Munich's municipal waste management department</a>, <a href="/wiki/Munich" title="Munich">Munich</a>, Germany (2011)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beijing_National_Stadium" title="Beijing National Stadium">Beijing National Stadium</a>, <a href="/wiki/Beijing" title="Beijing">Beijing</a>, China</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=FestiveWalk&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="FestiveWalk (page does not exist)">FestiveWalk</a>, <a href="/wiki/Resorts_World_at_Sentosa" class="mw-redirect" title="Resorts World at Sentosa">Resorts World at Sentosa</a>, Singapore</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dolce_Vita_Tejo&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dolce Vita Tejo (page does not exist)">Dolce Vita Tejo</a> Shopping Centre, <a href="/wiki/Amadora" title="Amadora">Amadora</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lisbon" title="Lisbon">Lisbon</a>, <a href="/wiki/Portugal" title="Portugal">Portugal</a></li> <li>roof, dedicated underground rail station at the <a href="/wiki/Heathrow_Airport#Terminal_5" title="Heathrow Airport">Heathrow Airport Terminal 5</a>, <a href="/wiki/London" title="London">London</a>, United Kingdom</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manchester_Victoria_station" title="Manchester Victoria station">Manchester Victoria station</a> concourse, <a href="/wiki/Manchester" title="Manchester">Manchester</a>, United Kingdom</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Forsyth_Barr_Stadium_at_University_Plaza" class="mw-redirect" title="Forsyth Barr Stadium at University Plaza">Forsyth Barr Stadium at University Plaza</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dunedin" title="Dunedin">Dunedin</a>, <a href="/wiki/New_Zealand" title="New Zealand">New Zealand</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Islazul_Shopping_Centre&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Islazul Shopping Centre (page does not exist)">Islazul Shopping Centre</a>, <a href="/wiki/Madrid" title="Madrid">Madrid</a>, <a href="/wiki/Spain" title="Spain">Spain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kansas_City_Power_%26_Light_District" title="Kansas City Power & Light District">Kansas City Power & Light District</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kansas_City,_Missouri" title="Kansas City, Missouri">Kansas City, Missouri</a>, United States</li> <li>South Campus skylight structures, <a href="/wiki/Art_Center_College_of_Design" class="mw-redirect" title="Art Center College of Design">Art Center College of Design</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pasadena,_California" title="Pasadena, California">Pasadena, California</a>, United States</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tanaka_Business_School" class="mw-redirect" title="Tanaka Business School">Tanaka Business School</a>, <a href="/wiki/London" title="London">London</a>, United Kingdom<figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:River_Culture_Pavilion_ETFE_Facade.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="ETFE Facade with integrated LED Lights" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/River_Culture_Pavilion_ETFE_Facade.JPG/268px-River_Culture_Pavilion_ETFE_Facade.JPG" decoding="async" width="268" height="151" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/River_Culture_Pavilion_ETFE_Facade.JPG/402px-River_Culture_Pavilion_ETFE_Facade.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/River_Culture_Pavilion_ETFE_Facade.JPG/536px-River_Culture_Pavilion_ETFE_Facade.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3840" data-file-height="2160" /></a><figcaption>ETFE Facade with integrated LED Lights</figcaption></figure></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Shed_(Hudson_Yards)" class="mw-redirect" title="The Shed (Hudson Yards)">The Shed (Hudson Yards)</a>. Manhattan, New York, USA</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tropical_Islands" class="mw-redirect" title="Tropical Islands">Tropical Islands</a>, <a href="/wiki/Brandenburg" title="Brandenburg">Brandenburg</a>, Germany</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barnsley_Interchange" title="Barnsley Interchange">Barnsley Interchange</a>, <a href="/wiki/Barnsley" title="Barnsley">Barnsley</a>, United Kingdom</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Mall_Athens" title="The Mall Athens">The Mall Athens</a>, <a href="/wiki/Athens" title="Athens">Athens</a>, <a href="/wiki/Greece" title="Greece">Greece</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Newport_railway_station" title="Newport railway station">Newport railway station</a>, <a href="/wiki/Newport,_Wales" title="Newport, Wales">Newport</a>, United Kingdom</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Elements,_Livingston" class="mw-redirect" title="The Elements, Livingston">The Elements, Livingston</a>, United Kingdom</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Experimental_Media_and_Performing_Arts_Center" title="Experimental Media and Performing Arts Center">Experimental Media and Performing Arts Center</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rensselaer_Polytechnic_Institute" title="Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute">Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute</a>, <a href="/wiki/Troy,_New_York" title="Troy, New York">Troy, New York</a>, United States</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arena_Pernambuco" title="Arena Pernambuco">Arena Pernambuco</a>, <a href="/wiki/Recife" title="Recife">Recife</a>, <a href="/wiki/Brazil" title="Brazil">Brazil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sandton_City" title="Sandton City">Sandton City</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sandton" title="Sandton">Sandton</a>, <a href="/wiki/South_Africa" title="South Africa">South Africa</a></li> <li>Key West Shopping Centre, <a href="/wiki/Krugersdorp" title="Krugersdorp">Krugersdorp</a>, <a href="/wiki/South_Africa" title="South Africa">South Africa</a></li> <li>Oceanus Casino, Macau, Special Administrative Region of China.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Masdar_City" title="Masdar City">Masdar City</a>, <a href="/wiki/Abu_Dhabi" title="Abu Dhabi">Abu Dhabi</a> United Arab Emirates</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lancs.ac.uk/iss">ISS</a> Building, <a href="/wiki/Lancaster_University" title="Lancaster University">Lancaster University</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.birdair.com/birdair-portfolio/empire-city-casino-at-yonkers-raceway/">Empire City Casino</a>, Yonkers, New York,<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> United States</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.makmax.com.au/project/singapore-ite-etfe-roof/">Institute of Technical Education</a>, Singapore (2012)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_SSE_Hydro" class="mw-redirect" title="The SSE Hydro">The SSE Hydro</a>, <a href="/wiki/Glasgow" title="Glasgow">Glasgow</a>, <a href="/wiki/Scotland" title="Scotland">Scotland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anaheim_Regional_Transportation_Intermodal_Center" title="Anaheim Regional Transportation Intermodal Center">Anaheim Regional Transportation Intermodal Center</a>, <a href="/wiki/California" title="California">California</a><sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (12-13-14)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Stadium,_Singapore" title="National Stadium, Singapore">National Stadium</a>, <a href="/wiki/Singapore" title="Singapore">Singapore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orto_Botanico_di_Padova" class="mw-redirect" title="Orto Botanico di Padova">Orto Botanico di Padova</a> Biodiversity Garden roof, <a href="/wiki/Padua" title="Padua">Padua</a>, <a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy">Italy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guangzhou_South_Railway_Station" class="mw-redirect" title="Guangzhou South Railway Station">Guangzhou South Railway Station</a>, China</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yujiapu_Railway_Station" class="mw-redirect" title="Yujiapu Railway Station">Yujiapu Railway Station</a>, China</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dibats.com/project/custom-design-membrane-structure/etfe-roof-covering-central-garden-iran-mall/">Persian Garden, Iran Mall</a>, Tehran, Iran</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anoeta_Stadium" title="Anoeta Stadium">Anoeta Stadium</a>, <a href="/wiki/San_Sebasti%C3%A1n" title="San Sebastián">San Sebastian</a>, Spain</li> <li>Ed Kaplan Family Institute for Innovation and Tech Entrepreneurship, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, Illinois</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mercedes-Benz_Stadium" title="Mercedes-Benz Stadium">Mercedes-Benz Stadium</a>, Atlanta, Georgia (2017)<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://taiyo-europe.com/?taiyo-portfolio=us-embassy-london">US Embassy ETFE Facade</a>, London, UK (2017)<figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Foto_SEJKOT_CIIRC_CVUT.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Foto_SEJKOT_CIIRC_CVUT.jpg/220px-Foto_SEJKOT_CIIRC_CVUT.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="155" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Foto_SEJKOT_CIIRC_CVUT.jpg/330px-Foto_SEJKOT_CIIRC_CVUT.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Foto_SEJKOT_CIIRC_CVUT.jpg/440px-Foto_SEJKOT_CIIRC_CVUT.jpg 2x" data-file-width="6922" data-file-height="4870" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Czech_Institute_of_Informatics,_Robotics_and_Cybernetics" title="Czech Institute of Informatics, Robotics and Cybernetics">Czech Institute of Informatics, Robotics and Cybernetics</a> in Prague has an ETFE-made <a href="/wiki/Fa%C3%A7ade" title="Façade">façade</a></figcaption></figure></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Czech_Institute_of_Informatics,_Robotics_and_Cybernetics" title="Czech Institute of Informatics, Robotics and Cybernetics">Czech Institute of Informatics, Robotics and Cybernetics</a>, Prague, Czechia (2017)<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tron_Lightcycle_Power_Run" title="Tron Lightcycle Power Run">Tron Lightcycle Power Run</a>, <a href="/wiki/Shanghai_Disneyland" title="Shanghai Disneyland">Shanghai Disneyland</a>, China (2017) <sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>UQ Global Change Institute Living Building, Brisbane, Australia (2013)<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://taiyo-europe.com/?taiyo-portfolio=lakhta-center">Lakhta Center</a>, St. Petersburg, Russia (2019)</li></ul> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Haneda_Airport_Terminal_2_International_Flight_Facilities,_Tokyo,_Japan.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Haneda_Airport_Terminal_2_International_Flight_Facilities%2C_Tokyo%2C_Japan.jpg/220px-Haneda_Airport_Terminal_2_International_Flight_Facilities%2C_Tokyo%2C_Japan.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="136" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Haneda_Airport_Terminal_2_International_Flight_Facilities%2C_Tokyo%2C_Japan.jpg/330px-Haneda_Airport_Terminal_2_International_Flight_Facilities%2C_Tokyo%2C_Japan.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Haneda_Airport_Terminal_2_International_Flight_Facilities%2C_Tokyo%2C_Japan.jpg/440px-Haneda_Airport_Terminal_2_International_Flight_Facilities%2C_Tokyo%2C_Japan.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1265" /></a><figcaption>Haneda Airport Terminal 2, International Flight Facilities, Tokyo, Japan</figcaption></figure> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://kyoritsukogyo.co.jp/en/construction/filmstructure/hanedaairportterminal2/">Haneda Airport Terminal 2, International Flight Facilities</a>, Tokyo, Japan (2020)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.makmax.com.au/project/macquarie-university-arts-precinct-etfe-roof/">Macquarie University Arts Precinct ETFE Roof</a>, Sydney, Australia (2020)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hayward_Field" title="Hayward Field">Hayward Field</a>, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon (2020)<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.makmax.com.au/project/rhodes-central-etfe-skylight/">Rhodes Central Commercial Development</a>, Sydney, Australia (2021)</li> <li>Mawasem Park – Green House – Abu <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://earth.google.com/web/search/Mawasem+Park+-+Green+House+-+Abu+Dhabi/@24.6888432,54.7726693,15.93282488a,949.44345391d,35y,0h,45t,0r/data=CpEBGmcSYQolMHgzZTVlNTViODdkYjk0NmMzOjB4ZTQ4ZTQxMmQ2NzRmMjljNBltEigHWLA4QCHFD9_T5mJLQComTWF3YXNlbSBQYXJrIC0gR3JlZW4gSG91c2UgLSBBYnUgRGhhYmkYAiABIiYKJAnE4lngS7I4QBFjn8fo8404QBlYO2Q_j1ZLQCG4XX_poidLQCgCOgMKATA">Dhabi</a> (2022) <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:ETFE_green_house.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/ETFE_green_house.jpg/220px-ETFE_green_house.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/ETFE_green_house.jpg/330px-ETFE_green_house.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/ETFE_green_house.jpg/440px-ETFE_green_house.jpg 2x" data-file-width="6880" data-file-height="4584" /></a><figcaption>Mawasem Park Abu Dhabi </figcaption></figure></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Under_construction">Under construction</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=ETFE&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Under construction"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Jungle Exhibit, <a href="/wiki/Sedgwick_County_Zoo" title="Sedgwick County Zoo">Sedgwick County Zoo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Wichita,_Kansas" title="Wichita, Kansas">Wichita</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kansas" title="Kansas">Kansas</a> (2015),<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> United States</li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_End_Stadium" class="mw-redirect" title="West End Stadium">West End Stadium</a>, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dockside_Pavilion&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dockside Pavilion (page does not exist)">Dockside Pavilion</a>, Sydney, Australia (2014)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baku_Olympic_Stadium" title="Baku Olympic Stadium">Baku Olympic Stadium</a>, Baku, Azerbaijan (2015)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Australian_Embassy" class="mw-redirect" title="Australian Embassy">Australian Embassy</a>, Jakarta, Indonesia (2014)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wharf_Retail&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Wharf Retail (page does not exist)">Wharf Retail</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bluewaters_Island" title="Bluewaters Island">Bluewaters Island</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dubai" title="Dubai">Dubai</a><sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (2016)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Carlisle_Railway_Station&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Carlisle Railway Station (page does not exist)">Carlisle Railway Station</a>, Carlisle, Cumbria (2017)</li> <li>Oxigeno, San Francisco, <a href="/wiki/Heredia_Province" title="Heredia Province">Heredia Province</a>, Costa Rica</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jakarta_International_Stadium" title="Jakarta International Stadium">Jakarta International Stadium</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jakarta" title="Jakarta">Jakarta</a>, <a href="/wiki/Indonesia" title="Indonesia">Indonesia</a></li> <li>Primark Birmingham,<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (November 2020)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> UK</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boston_Logan_Airport" class="mw-redirect" title="Boston Logan Airport">Boston Logan Airport</a> (terminal E), <a href="/wiki/Boston" title="Boston">Boston</a>, <a href="/wiki/Massachusetts" title="Massachusetts">Massachusetts</a> (2021–2022) <sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tron_Lightcycle_Power_Run" title="Tron Lightcycle Power Run">Tron Lightcycle Power Run</a>, <a href="/wiki/Walt_Disney_World" title="Walt Disney World">Walt Disney World</a>, US (2022)<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Te_Kaha_(stadium)" title="Te Kaha (stadium)">One New Zealand Stadium (Te Kaha)</a>, Christchurch, New Zealand<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=ETFE&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns 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a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181116163946/https://www.chemours.com/Teflon_Industrial/en_US/tech_info/techinfo_compare.html">"<i>Fluoropolymer Comparison – Typical Properties</i>"</a>. Chemours. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.chemours.com/Teflon_Industrial/en_US/tech_info/techinfo_compare.html">the original</a> on November 16, 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Fluoropolymer+Comparison+%E2%80%93+Typical+Properties&rft.pub=Chemours&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.chemours.com%2FTeflon_Industrial%2Fen_US%2Ftech_info%2Ftechinfo_compare.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AETFE" class="Z3988"></span> </span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130309090024/http://www.todoarquitectura.com/revista/40/en04_ETFE.asp">"ETFE"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.todoarquitectura.com/revista/40/en04_ETFE.asp">the original</a> on 2013-03-09<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2008-02-06</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=ETFE&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.todoarquitectura.com%2Frevista%2F40%2Fen04_ETFE.asp&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AETFE" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.boedeker.com/Product/ETFE">"Boedeker Plastics, Inc. > Product"</a>. <i>www.boedeker.com</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.boedeker.com&rft.atitle=Boedeker+Plastics%2C+Inc.+%3E+Product&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.boedeker.com%2FProduct%2FETFE&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AETFE" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://flexfacades.com/materials/etfe/">"ETFE"</a>. <i>FlexFacades by Structurflex</i>. 6 June 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2019-10-09</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=FlexFacades+by+Structurflex&rft.atitle=ETFE&rft.date=2016-06-06&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fflexfacades.com%2Fmaterials%2Fetfe%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AETFE" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFabrix3602022" class="citation web cs1">Fabrix360 (2022-01-29). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.fabrix360.com/post/how-etfe-printing-and-adhesion-durability-lasts">"How ETFE printing and adhesion durability lasts?"</a>. <i>home</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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