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class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>History</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-History-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle History subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-History-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Early_history" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Early_history"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Early history</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Early_history-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Colonial_Rangoon_(1852–1948)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Colonial_Rangoon_(1852–1948)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Colonial Rangoon (1852–1948)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Colonial_Rangoon_(1852–1948)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Contemporary_Yangon_(1948–present)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Contemporary_Yangon_(1948–present)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Contemporary Yangon (1948–present)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Contemporary_Yangon_(1948–present)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Geography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Geography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Geography</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Geography-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Geography subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Geography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Climate" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Climate"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Climate</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Climate-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Cityscape" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cityscape"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Cityscape</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Cityscape-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Cityscape subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Cityscape-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Architecture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Architecture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Architecture</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Architecture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Road_layout" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Road_layout"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>Road layout</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Road_layout-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Parks_and_gardens" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Parks_and_gardens"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3</span> <span>Parks and gardens</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Parks_and_gardens-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Administration" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Administration"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Administration</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Administration-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Transport" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Transport"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Transport</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Transport-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Transport subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Transport-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Air" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Air"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1</span> <span>Air</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Air-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Railways" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Railways"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.2</span> <span>Railways</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Railways-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Rapid_transit" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Rapid_transit"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.3</span> <span>Rapid transit</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Rapid_transit-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Buses_and_cars" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Buses_and_cars"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.4</span> <span>Buses and cars</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Buses_and_cars-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-River" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#River"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.5</span> <span>River</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-River-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Demographics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Demographics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Demographics</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Demographics-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Demographics subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Demographics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Religions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Religions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.1</span> <span>Religions</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Religions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Media" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Media"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.2</span> <span>Media</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Media-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Communication" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Communication"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.3</span> <span>Communication</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Communication-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Lifestyle" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Lifestyle"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.4</span> <span>Lifestyle</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Lifestyle-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sports" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sports"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Sports</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sports-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Economy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Economy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Economy</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Economy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Education" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Education"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Education</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Education-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Health_care" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Health_care"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>Health care</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Health_care-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notable_sites" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notable_sites"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>Notable sites</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Notable_sites-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Notable sites subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Notable_sites-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Pagodas" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pagodas"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12.1</span> <span>Pagodas</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pagodas-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Recreation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Recreation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12.2</span> <span>Recreation</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Recreation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Museums_and_art_galleries" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Museums_and_art_galleries"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12.3</span> <span>Museums and art galleries</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Museums_and_art_galleries-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Concert_halls_and_theatres" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Concert_halls_and_theatres"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12.4</span> <span>Concert halls and theatres</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Concert_halls_and_theatres-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notable_people" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notable_people"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13</span> <span>Notable people</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notable_people-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-International_relations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#International_relations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">14</span> <span>International relations</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-International_relations-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle International relations subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-International_relations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Twin_towns_–_sister_cities" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Twin_towns_–_sister_cities"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">14.1</span> <span>Twin towns – sister cities</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Twin_towns_–_sister_cities-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">15</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">16</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">17</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bibliography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">18</span> <span>Bibliography</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bibliography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">19</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Yangon</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 127 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-127" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">127 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yangon" title="Yangon – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Yangon" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8B%AB%E1%8A%95%E1%8C%8E%E1%8A%95" title="ያንጎን – Amharic" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="ያንጎን" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="Amharic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%8A%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%BA%D9%88%D9%86" title="يانغون – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="يانغون" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frp mw-list-item"><a href="https://frp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rangoun" title="Rangoun – Arpitan" lang="frp" hreflang="frp" data-title="Rangoun" data-language-autonym="Arpetan" data-language-local-name="Arpitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Arpetan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yangon" title="Yangon – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Yangon" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yanqon" title="Yanqon – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Yanqon" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ban mw-list-item"><a href="https://ban.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yangon" title="Yangon – Balinese" lang="ban" hreflang="ban" data-title="Yangon" data-language-autonym="Basa Bali" data-language-local-name="Balinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Bali</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%87%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%99%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%97%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%A8" title="ইয়াঙ্গুন – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="ইয়াঙ্গুন" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yangon" title="Yangon – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Yangon" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AF%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Янгон – Bashkir" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Янгон" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="Bashkir" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AF%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Янгон – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Янгон" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AF%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Янгон – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Янгон" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AF%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Янгон – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Янгон" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bo mw-list-item"><a href="https://bo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BD%A1%E0%BD%84%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%80%E0%BD%BC%E0%BD%84%E0%BC%8B%E0%BC%8D" title="ཡང་ཀོང་། – Tibetan" lang="bo" hreflang="bo" data-title="ཡང་ཀོང་།" data-language-autonym="བོད་ཡིག" data-language-local-name="Tibetan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>བོད་ཡིག</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yangon" title="Yangon – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Yangon" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bxr mw-list-item"><a href="https://bxr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AF%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Янгон – Russia Buriat" lang="bxr" hreflang="bxr" data-title="Янгон" data-language-autonym="Буряад" data-language-local-name="Russia Buriat" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Буряад</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yangon" title="Yangon – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Yangon" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AF%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Янгон – Chuvash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Янгон" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Chuvash" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yangon_(kapital_sa_rehiyon_sa_Burma)" title="Yangon (kapital sa rehiyon sa Burma) – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Yangon (kapital sa rehiyon sa Burma)" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rang%C3%BAn" title="Rangún – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Rangún" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yangon" title="Yangon – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Yangon" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rangoon" title="Rangoon – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Rangoon" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rangun" title="Rangun – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Rangun" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nv mw-list-item"><a href="https://nv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ana%CA%BC%C3%AD_%C3%81daadinii" title="Anaʼí Ádaadinii – Navajo" lang="nv" hreflang="nv" data-title="Anaʼí Ádaadinii" data-language-autonym="Diné bizaad" data-language-local-name="Navajo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Diné bizaad</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yangon" title="Yangon – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Yangon" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%93%CE%B9%CE%B1%CE%BD%CE%B3%CE%BA%CF%8C%CE%BD" title="Γιανγκόν – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Γιανγκόν" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rang%C3%BAn" title="Rangún – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Rangún" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jangono" title="Jangono – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Jangono" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ext mw-list-item"><a href="https://ext.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yangon" title="Yangon – Extremaduran" lang="ext" hreflang="ext" data-title="Yangon" data-language-autonym="Estremeñu" data-language-local-name="Extremaduran" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Estremeñu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yangon" title="Yangon – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Yangon" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DB%8C%D8%A7%D9%86%DA%AF%D9%88%D9%86" title="یانگون – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="یانگون" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yangon" title="Yangon – Fiji Hindi" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="Yangon" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="Fiji Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fiji Hindi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rangoun" title="Rangoun – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Rangoun" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rangoon" title="Rangoon – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Rangoon" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rang%C3%BAn" title="Rangún – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Rangún" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yangon" title="Yangon – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Yangon" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yangon" title="Yangon – Hakka Chinese" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Yangon" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="Hakka Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%96%91%EA%B3%A4" title="양곤 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="양곤" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yangon" title="Yangon – Hausa" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Yangon" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="Hausa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hausa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%85%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%A3%D5%B8%D5%B6_(%D5%8C%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%A3%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B6)" title="Յանգոն (Ռանգուն) – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Յանգոն (Ռանգուն)" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%A8" title="यांगून – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="यांगून" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yangon" title="Yangon – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Yangon" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yangon" title="Yangon – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Yangon" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yangon" title="Yangon – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Yangon" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ie mw-list-item"><a href="https://ie.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yangon" title="Yangon – Interlingue" lang="ie" hreflang="ie" data-title="Yangon" data-language-autonym="Interlingue" data-language-local-name="Interlingue" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingue</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AF%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Янгон – Ossetic" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Янгон" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="Ossetic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jang%C3%BAn" title="Jangún – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Jangún" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yangon" title="Yangon – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Yangon" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%99%D7%90%D7%A0%D7%92%D7%95%D7%9F" title="יאנגון – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="יאנגון" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yangon" title="Yangon – Javanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Yangon" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%AF%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%82%E0%B2%97%E0%B3%8A%E0%B2%A8%E0%B3%8D" title="ಯಾಂಗೊನ್ – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಯಾಂಗೊನ್" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%98%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%92%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98" title="იანგონი – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="იანგონი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AF%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Янгон – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Янгон" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yangon" title="Yangon – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Yangon" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yangon" title="Yangon – Haitian Creole" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Yangon" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="Haitian Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B3%D1%83%D0%BD" title="Рангун – Kyrgyz" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Рангун" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kyrgyz" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BA%A2%E0%BB%88%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%87%E0%BA%81%E0%BA%B8%E0%BB%89%E0%BA%87" title="ຢ່າງກຸ້ງ – Lao" lang="lo" hreflang="lo" data-title="ຢ່າງກຸ້ງ" data-language-autonym="ລາວ" data-language-local-name="Lao" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ລາວ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rangunum" title="Rangunum – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Rangunum" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jangona" title="Jangona – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Jangona" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rangun" title="Rangun – Luxembourgish" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Rangun" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxembourgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rang%C5%ABnas" title="Rangūnas – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Rangūnas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jangon" title="Jangon – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Jangon" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%88%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Јангон – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Јангон" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rangun" title="Rangun – Malagasy" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Rangun" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagasy" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%AF%E0%B4%82%E0%B4%97%E0%B5%8B%E0%B5%BA" title="യംഗോൺ – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="യംഗോൺ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%A8" title="यांगून – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="यांगून" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%8A%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AC%D9%88%D9%86" title="يانجون – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="يانجون" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%8A%D8%A7%D9%86%DA%AF%D9%88%D9%86" title="يانگون – Mazanderani" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="يانگون" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="Mazanderani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yangon" title="Yangon – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Yangon" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yangon" title="Yangon – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Yangon" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AF%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Янгон – Mongolian" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Янгон" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongolian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%9B%E1%80%94%E1%80%BA%E1%80%80%E1%80%AF%E1%80%94%E1%80%BA%E1%80%99%E1%80%BC%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%B7" title="ရန်ကုန်မြို့ – Burmese" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="ရန်ကုန်မြို့" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Burmese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yangon_(stad)" title="Yangon (stad) – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Yangon (stad)" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%A4%E3%83%B3%E3%82%B4%E3%83%B3" title="ヤンゴン – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ヤンゴン" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AF%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Янгон – Chechen" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Янгон" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="Chechen" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rangun" title="Rangun – Northern Frisian" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Rangun" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="Northern Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yangon" title="Yangon – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Yangon" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yangon" title="Yangon – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Yangon" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nov mw-list-item"><a href="https://nov.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yangon" title="Yangon – Novial" lang="nov" hreflang="nov" data-title="Yangon" data-language-autonym="Novial" data-language-local-name="Novial" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Novial</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rangon" title="Rangon – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Rangon" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mhr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mhr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AF%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Янгон – Eastern Mari" lang="mhr" hreflang="mhr" data-title="Янгон" data-language-autonym="Олык марий" data-language-local-name="Eastern Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Олык марий</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-or mw-list-item"><a href="https://or.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AD%9F%E0%AC%BE%E0%AC%82%E0%AC%97%E0%AD%8B%E0%AC%A8" title="ୟାଂଗୋନ – Odia" lang="or" hreflang="or" data-title="ୟାଂଗୋନ" data-language-autonym="ଓଡ଼ିଆ" data-language-local-name="Odia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ଓଡ଼ିଆ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yangon" title="Yangon – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Yangon" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%AF%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%82%E0%A8%97%E0%A9%8B%E0%A8%A8" title="ਯਾਂਗੋਨ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਯਾਂਗੋਨ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D9%86%DA%AF%D9%88%D9%86" title="رنگون – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="رنگون" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-blk mw-list-item"><a href="https://blk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%9D%E1%80%B1%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%EA%A9%BB%E1%80%9B%E1%80%94%E1%80%BA%E1%82%8F%E1%80%90%E1%80%80%E1%80%BD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%94%E1%80%BA%E1%82%8F" title="ဝေင်ꩻရန်ႏတကွုန်ႏ – Pa'O" lang="blk" hreflang="blk" data-title="ဝေင်ꩻရန်ႏတကွုန်ႏ" data-language-autonym="ပအိုဝ်ႏဘာႏသာႏ" data-language-local-name="Pa'O" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ပအိုဝ်ႏဘာႏသာႏ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-km mw-list-item"><a href="https://km.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%9E%9A%E1%9F%89%E1%9E%93%E1%9F%8B%E1%9E%80%E1%9E%BB%E1%9E%93%E1%9F%8B" title="រ៉ន់កុន់ – Khmer" lang="km" hreflang="km" data-title="រ៉ន់កុន់" data-language-autonym="ភាសាខ្មែរ" data-language-local-name="Khmer" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ភាសាខ្មែរ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yangon" title="Yangon – Low German" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Yangon" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="Low German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rangun" title="Rangun – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Rangun" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rangum" title="Rangum – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Rangum" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yangon" title="Yangon – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Yangon" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AF%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Янгон – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Янгон" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sa mw-list-item"><a href="https://sa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%99%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%A8" title="रङ्गून – Sanskrit" lang="sa" hreflang="sa" data-title="रङ्गून" data-language-autonym="संस्कृतम्" data-language-local-name="Sanskrit" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>संस्कृतम्</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sat mw-list-item"><a href="https://sat.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%B1%AD%E1%B1%AE%E1%B1%9D%E1%B1%9C%E1%B1%B3%E1%B1%B1" title="ᱭᱮᱝᱜᱳᱱ – Santali" lang="sat" hreflang="sat" data-title="ᱭᱮᱝᱜᱳᱱ" data-language-autonym="ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ" data-language-local-name="Santali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rangoon" title="Rangoon – Sardinian" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="Rangoon" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="Sardinian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sardu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yangon" title="Yangon – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Yangon" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yangon" title="Yangon – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Yangon" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rangoon" title="Rangoon – Sicilian" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Rangoon" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="Sicilian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yangon" title="Yangon – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Yangon" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rang%C3%BAn" title="Rangún – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Rangún" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jangon" title="Jangon – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Jangon" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szl mw-list-item"><a href="https://szl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rangun" title="Rangun – Silesian" lang="szl" hreflang="szl" data-title="Rangun" data-language-autonym="Ślůnski" data-language-local-name="Silesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ślůnski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DB%8C%D8%A7%D9%86%DA%AF%DB%86%D9%86" title="یانگۆن – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="یانگۆن" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B3%D1%83%D0%BD" title="Рангун – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Рангун" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yangon" title="Yangon – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Yangon" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yangon" title="Yangon – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Yangon" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rangoon" title="Rangoon – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Rangoon" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yangon" title="Yangon – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Yangon" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%99%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8B%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%8D" title="யங்கோன் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="யங்கோன்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-shn mw-list-item"><a href="https://shn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%90%E1%82%83%E1%82%88%E1%81%B5%E1%80%AF%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%82%88%E1%81%8A_%E1%80%9D%E1%80%B5%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%B8" title="တႃႈၵုင်ႈ၊ ဝဵင်း – Shan" lang="shn" hreflang="shn" data-title="တႃႈၵုင်ႈ၊ ဝဵင်း" data-language-autonym="ၽႃႇသႃႇတႆး " data-language-local-name="Shan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ၽႃႇသႃႇတႆး </span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%AF%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%82%E0%B0%97%E0%B1%8B%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D" title="యాంగోన్ – Telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="యాంగోన్" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="Telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%A2%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B8%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%87" title="ย่างกุ้ง – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ย่างกุ้ง" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AF%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Янгон – Tajik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Янгон" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tajik" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yangon" title="Yangon – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Yangon" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tk mw-list-item"><a href="https://tk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%9Dangon" title="Ýangon – Turkmen" lang="tk" hreflang="tk" data-title="Ýangon" data-language-autonym="Türkmençe" data-language-local-name="Turkmen" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkmençe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-udm mw-list-item"><a href="https://udm.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AF%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Янгон – Udmurt" lang="udm" hreflang="udm" data-title="Янгон" data-language-autonym="Удмурт" data-language-local-name="Udmurt" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Удмурт</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AF%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Янгон – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Янгон" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DB%8C%D8%A7%D9%86%DA%AF%D9%88%D9%86" title="یانگون – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="یانگون" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ran%27gon" title="Ran'gon – Uyghur" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="Ran'gon" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="Uyghur" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-za mw-list-item"><a href="https://za.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yangjgvangh" title="Yangjgvangh – Zhuang" lang="za" hreflang="za" data-title="Yangjgvangh" data-language-autonym="Vahcuengh" data-language-local-name="Zhuang" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vahcuengh</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vep mw-list-item"><a href="https://vep.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jangon" title="Jangon – Veps" lang="vep" hreflang="vep" data-title="Jangon" data-language-autonym="Vepsän kel’" data-language-local-name="Veps" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vepsän kel’</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yangon" title="Yangon – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Yangon" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yangon" title="Yangon – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Yangon" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%BB%B0%E5%85%89" title="仰光 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="仰光" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%BB%B0%E5%85%89" title="仰光 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="仰光" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%BB%B0%E5%85%89" title="仰光 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="仰光" 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.longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Yangon&params=16.795_N_96.160_E_type:city_region:MM"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">16°47′42″N</span> <span class="longitude">96°09′36″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">16.795°N 96.160°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">16.795; 96.160</span></span></span></a></span></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"Rangoon" redirects here. For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Rangoon_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Rangoon (disambiguation)">Rangoon (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Largest city of Myanmar</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">City in Yangon Region, Myanmar</div><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1043192559">.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement{width:23em;border-collapse:collapse;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement td,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement th{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-label,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-below{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-label{border:0;padding:0 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-label{border-top:0;border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .maptable{border:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-below{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-above{font-size:125%;line-height:1.3em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-subheader{background-color:#cddeff;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-native{font-weight:normal;padding-top:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-other-name{font-size:78%}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-official{font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-caption{padding:0.3em 0 0 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-caption-link{padding:0.2em 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-nickname{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-fn{font-weight:normal;display:inline}</style><table class="infobox ib-settlement vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above"><div class="fn org">Yangon</div> <div class="nickname ib-settlement-other-name">Rangoon</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader"><div class="category">City</div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow ib-settlement-official"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data">Yangon City</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1273380762/mw-parser-output/.tmulti">.mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner{display:flex;flex-direction:column}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{display:flex;flex-direction:row;clear:left;flex-wrap:wrap;width:100%;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{margin:1px;float:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .theader{clear:both;font-weight:bold;text-align:center;align-self:center;background-color:transparent;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbcaption{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-left{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-right{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-center{text-align:center}@media all and (max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbinner{width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:none!important;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti 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class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/ShwedagonPagoda.jpg/258px-ShwedagonPagoda.jpg" decoding="async" width="258" height="172" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/ShwedagonPagoda.jpg/387px-ShwedagonPagoda.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/ShwedagonPagoda.jpg/516px-ShwedagonPagoda.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="533" /></a></span></div><div><a href="/wiki/Shwedagon_Pagoda" title="Shwedagon Pagoda">Shwedagon Pagoda</a></div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:119px;max-width:119px"><div style="height:91px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:2016_Rangun,_Dawny_budynek_S%C4%85du_Najwy%C5%BCszego_(13).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/2016_Rangun%2C_Dawny_budynek_S%C4%85du_Najwy%C5%BCszego_%2813%29.jpg/117px-2016_Rangun%2C_Dawny_budynek_S%C4%85du_Najwy%C5%BCszego_%2813%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="117" height="91" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/2016_Rangun%2C_Dawny_budynek_S%C4%85du_Najwy%C5%BCszego_%2813%29.jpg/176px-2016_Rangun%2C_Dawny_budynek_S%C4%85du_Najwy%C5%BCszego_%2813%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/2016_Rangun%2C_Dawny_budynek_S%C4%85du_Najwy%C5%BCszego_%2813%29.jpg/234px-2016_Rangun%2C_Dawny_budynek_S%C4%85du_Najwy%C5%BCszego_%2813%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4214" data-file-height="3271" /></a></span></div><div><a href="/wiki/High_Court_Building_(Yangon)" title="High Court Building (Yangon)">Yangon High Court</a></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:139px;max-width:139px"><div style="height:91px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Yangon_downtown_at_night.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Yangon_downtown_at_night.jpg/137px-Yangon_downtown_at_night.jpg" decoding="async" width="137" height="91" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Yangon_downtown_at_night.jpg/206px-Yangon_downtown_at_night.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Yangon_downtown_at_night.jpg/274px-Yangon_downtown_at_night.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1067" /></a></span></div><div><a href="/wiki/Downtown_Yangon" title="Downtown Yangon">Downtown Yangon</a></div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:134px;max-width:134px"><div style="height:74px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:2016_Rangun,_Ratusz_(18).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/2016_Rangun%2C_Ratusz_%2818%29.jpg/132px-2016_Rangun%2C_Ratusz_%2818%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="132" height="74" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/2016_Rangun%2C_Ratusz_%2818%29.jpg/198px-2016_Rangun%2C_Ratusz_%2818%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/2016_Rangun%2C_Ratusz_%2818%29.jpg/264px-2016_Rangun%2C_Ratusz_%2818%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3955" data-file-height="2225" /></a></span></div><div><a href="/wiki/Yangon_City_Hall" title="Yangon City Hall">Yangon City Hall</a></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:124px;max-width:124px"><div style="height:74px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:2016_Rangun,_S%C4%85d_rejonowy_(02).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/2016_Rangun%2C_S%C4%85d_rejonowy_%2802%29.jpg/122px-2016_Rangun%2C_S%C4%85d_rejonowy_%2802%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="122" height="75" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/2016_Rangun%2C_S%C4%85d_rejonowy_%2802%29.jpg/183px-2016_Rangun%2C_S%C4%85d_rejonowy_%2802%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/2016_Rangun%2C_S%C4%85d_rejonowy_%2802%29.jpg/244px-2016_Rangun%2C_S%C4%85d_rejonowy_%2802%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4753" data-file-height="2914" /></a></span></div><div>Colonial-era buildings along <a href="/wiki/Strand_Road,_Yangon" title="Strand Road, Yangon">Strand Road</a></div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:260px;max-width:260px"><div style="height:123px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:KandawgyiLake_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/KandawgyiLake_%28cropped%29.jpg/258px-KandawgyiLake_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="258" height="124" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/KandawgyiLake_%28cropped%29.jpg/387px-KandawgyiLake_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/KandawgyiLake_%28cropped%29.jpg/516px-KandawgyiLake_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4020" data-file-height="1925" /></a></span></div><div>The <a href="/wiki/Karaweik" title="Karaweik">Karaweik</a> at <a href="/wiki/Kandawgyi_Lake" title="Kandawgyi Lake">Kandawgyi Lake</a></div></div></div></div></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data maptable"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1028600610">.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols{text-align:center;display:table;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols-row{display:table-row}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols-cell{display:table-cell;vertical-align:middle}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols-cellt{display:table-cell;vertical-align:top}</style> <div class="ib-settlement-cols"> <div class="ib-settlement-cols-row"><div class="ib-settlement-cols-cell"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Yangon_Region.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Flag of Yangon"><img alt="Flag of Yangon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_Yangon_Region.svg/100px-Flag_of_Yangon_Region.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="67" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_Yangon_Region.svg/150px-Flag_of_Yangon_Region.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_Yangon_Region.svg/200px-Flag_of_Yangon_Region.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span><div class="ib-settlement-caption-link">Flag</div></div></div></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><div class="switcher-container"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238443738">.mw-parser-output .locmap .od{position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .id{position:absolute;line-height:0}.mw-parser-output .locmap .l0{font-size:0;position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv{line-height:110%;position:absolute;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv>div{display:inline;padding:1px}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:left}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pv>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pl>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pr>div{background:#fff!important;color:#000!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .locmap{filter:grayscale(0.6)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data .locmap div{background:transparent!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .locmap{filter:grayscale(0.6)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pv>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pl>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pr>div{background:white!important;color:#000!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data .locmap div{background:transparent!important}}</style><div class="center"><div class="locmap" style="width:250px;float:none;clear:both;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto"><div style="width:250px;padding:0"><div style="position:relative;width:250px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Myanmar_location_map.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Yangon is located in Myanmar"><img alt="Yangon is located in Myanmar" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Myanmar_location_map.svg/250px-Myanmar_location_map.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="525" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Myanmar_location_map.svg/375px-Myanmar_location_map.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Myanmar_location_map.svg/500px-Myanmar_location_map.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="2520" /></a></span><div class="od notheme" style="top:61.025%;left:41.6%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-3px;top:-3px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Yangon"><img alt="Yangon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="6" height="6" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/9px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pl" style="width:6em;right:4px"><div>Yangon</div></div></div></div><div style="padding-top:0.2em">Location of Yangon, Myanmar</div><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none">Show map of Myanmar</span></div></div></div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238443738"><div class="center"><div class="locmap" style="width:250px;float:none;clear:both;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto"><div style="width:250px;padding:0"><div style="position:relative;width:250px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Southeast_Asia_location_map.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Yangon is located in Southeast Asia"><img alt="Yangon is located in Southeast Asia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Southeast_Asia_location_map.svg/250px-Southeast_Asia_location_map.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="192" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Southeast_Asia_location_map.svg/375px-Southeast_Asia_location_map.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Southeast_Asia_location_map.svg/500px-Southeast_Asia_location_map.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="492" data-file-height="378" /></a></span><div class="od notheme" style="top:33.198%;left:11.758%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-3px;top:-3px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Yangon"><img alt="Yangon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="6" height="6" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/9px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pl" style="width:6em;right:4px"><div>Yangon</div></div></div></div><div style="padding-top:0.2em">Yangon (Southeast Asia)</div><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none">Show map of Southeast Asia</span></div></div></div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238443738"><div class="center"><div class="locmap" style="width:250px;float:none;clear:both;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto"><div style="width:250px;padding:0"><div style="position:relative;width:250px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Asia_laea_location_map.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Yangon is located in Asia"><img alt="Yangon is located in Asia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Asia_laea_location_map.svg/250px-Asia_laea_location_map.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="222" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Asia_laea_location_map.svg/375px-Asia_laea_location_map.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Asia_laea_location_map.svg/500px-Asia_laea_location_map.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1181" data-file-height="1050" /></a></span><div class="od notheme" style="top:74.545%;left:51.07%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-3px;top:-3px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Yangon"><img alt="Yangon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="6" height="6" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/9px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pl" style="width:6em;right:4px"><div>Yangon</div></div></div></div><div style="padding-top:0.2em">Yangon (Asia)</div><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none">Show map of Asia</span></div></div></div></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data">Coordinates (Asia/Yangon): <span class="geo-inline"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Yangon&params=16.795_N_96.160_E_type:city_region:MM"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">16°47′42″N</span> <span class="longitude">96°09′36″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">16.795°N 96.160°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">16.795; 96.160</span></span></span></a></span></span></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Country</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Myanmar" title="Myanmar">Myanmar</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Administrative_divisions_of_Myanmar" title="Administrative divisions of Myanmar">Region</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Yangon_Region" title="Yangon Region">Yangon Region</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Settled</th><td class="infobox-data"><abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1028–1043</span> CE</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Government<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Mayor</th><td class="infobox-data">Bo Htay<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (January 2023)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Area<div class="ib-settlement-fn"><sup id="cite_ref-uncrd_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-uncrd-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Urban<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th><td class="infobox-data">598.75 km<sup>2</sup> (231.18 sq mi)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Metro<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th><td class="infobox-data">10,170 km<sup>2</sup> (3,930 sq mi)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Rank</th><td class="infobox-data">division</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Population<div class="ib-settlement-fn"><span class="nowrap"> </span>(<a href="/wiki/2014_Burma_Census" class="mw-redirect" title="2014 Burma Census">2014 Census</a>)</div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Rank</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_and_largest_towns_in_Myanmar" title="List of cities and largest towns in Myanmar">1st</a> in Myanmar</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="/wiki/Urban_area" title="Urban area">Urban</a><div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th><td class="infobox-data">5,160,512</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Urban density</th><td class="infobox-data">8,600/km<sup>2</sup> (22,000/sq mi)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="/wiki/Rural_area" title="Rural area">Rural</a><div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th><td class="infobox-data">2,200,191</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_area" title="Metropolitan area">Metro</a><div class="ib-settlement-fn"><sup id="cite_ref-census-2014_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-census-2014-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></th><td class="infobox-data">7,360,703 (<a href="/wiki/Yangon_Region" title="Yangon Region">Yangon Region</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Ethnicities<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th><td class="infobox-data"><div class="collapsible-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="text-align: left;"> <div style="line-height: 1.6em; font-weight: bold; background:transparent;text-align:left;font-weight:normal;font-size:100%;"><div>List of ethnicities</div></div> <ul class="mw-collapsible-content" style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; line-height: inherit; list-style: none; margin-left: 0;"><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Bamar" class="mw-redirect" title="Bamar">Bamar</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> <a href="/wiki/Burmese_Chinese" class="mw-redirect" title="Burmese Chinese">Burmese Chinese</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> <a href="/wiki/Burmese_Indians" title="Burmese Indians">Burmese Indians</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> <a href="/wiki/Chin_people" title="Chin people">Chin</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> <a href="/wiki/Rakhine_people" title="Rakhine people">Rakhine</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> <a href="/wiki/Mon_people" title="Mon people">Mon</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> <a href="/wiki/Karen_people" title="Karen people">Karen</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> <a href="/wiki/Shan_people" title="Shan people">Shan</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> <a href="/wiki/Kayah_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Kayah people">Kayah</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> <a href="/wiki/Kachin_people" title="Kachin people">Kachin</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Religions<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th><td class="infobox-data"><div class="collapsible-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="text-align: left;"> <div style="line-height: 1.6em; font-weight: bold; background:transparent;text-align:left;font-weight:normal;font-size:100%;"><div>List of religions</div></div> <ul class="mw-collapsible-content" style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; line-height: inherit; list-style: none; margin-left: 0;"><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Buddhism" title="Buddhism">Buddhism</a> 91% </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Islam" title="Islam">Islam</a> 4.7% </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Christianity" title="Christianity">Christianity</a> 3.2% </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Hinduism" title="Hinduism">Hinduism</a> 1.0% </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0">Others 0.1%</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Demonym" title="Demonym">Demonym</a></th><td class="infobox-data">Yangonite</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">GDP<div class="ib-settlement-fn"><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Metro</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/US$" class="mw-redirect" title="US$">US$</a> 10.7 billion (2016)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Time_zone" title="Time zone">Time zones</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/UTC%2B06:30" title="UTC+06:30">UTC+06:30</a> (<a href="/wiki/Asia/Yangon" class="mw-redirect" title="Asia/Yangon">Asia/Yangon</a> or <a href="/wiki/Asia/Rangoon" class="mw-redirect" title="Asia/Rangoon">Asia/Rangoon</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/UTC%2B06:30" title="UTC+06:30">UTC+06:30</a> (<a href="/wiki/Myanmar_Time" class="mw-redirect" title="Myanmar Time">Myanmar Time</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Telephone_numbering_plan" title="Telephone numbering plan">Area code</a></th><td class="infobox-data">01</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Geocode" title="Geocode">Geocode</a></th><td class="infobox-data nickname">Yangon</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/ISO_3166" title="ISO 3166">ISO 3166 code</a></th><td class="infobox-data nickname"><a href="/wiki/ISO_3166-2:MM" title="ISO 3166-2:MM">MM06</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Vehicle_registration_plate" title="Vehicle registration plate">Vehicle registration</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/YGN" class="mw-redirect" title="YGN">YGN</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://yangon.gov.mm/">yangon<wbr />.gov<wbr />.mm</a></span></td></tr></tbody></table> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1092331828">@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .contains-special-characters{width:22em}}</style><div class="side-box metadata side-box-right contains-special-characters noprint selfref"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Burmese_character_k.svg/40px-Burmese_character_k.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="22" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Burmese_character_k.svg/60px-Burmese_character_k.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Burmese_character_k.svg/80px-Burmese_character_k.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="62" data-file-height="34" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><b>This article contains <a href="/wiki/Burmese_alphabet" title="Burmese alphabet">Burmese script</a>.</b> Without proper <a href="/wiki/Help:Multilingual_support_(Burmese)" title="Help:Multilingual support (Burmese)">rendering support</a>, you may see <a href="/wiki/Specials_(Unicode_block)#Replacement_character" title="Specials (Unicode block)">question marks, boxes, or other symbols</a> instead of <a href="/wiki/Burmese_alphabet" title="Burmese alphabet">Burmese script</a>.</div></div> </div> <p><b>Yangon</b>,<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> formerly <a href="/wiki/Romanized" class="mw-redirect" title="Romanized">romanized</a> as <b>Rangoon</b>,<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> is the capital of the <a href="/wiki/Yangon_Region" title="Yangon Region">Yangon Region</a> and the largest city of <a href="/wiki/Myanmar" title="Myanmar">Myanmar</a>. Yangon served as the <a href="/wiki/List_of_capitals_of_Myanmar" title="List of capitals of Myanmar">capital of Myanmar</a> until 2006, when the <a href="/wiki/State_Peace_and_Development_Council" title="State Peace and Development Council">military government</a> relocated the administrative functions to the purpose-built capital city of <a href="/wiki/Naypyidaw" title="Naypyidaw">Naypyidaw</a> in north central Myanmar.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> With over five million people, Yangon is Myanmar's most populous city and its most important commercial centre. </p><p>Yangon boasts the largest number of colonial-era buildings in Southeast Asia,<sup id="cite_ref-bygone_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bygone-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and has a unique <a href="/wiki/Downtown_Yangon" title="Downtown Yangon">colonial-era urban core</a> that is remarkably intact.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The colonial-era commercial core is centered around the <a href="/wiki/Sule_Pagoda" title="Sule Pagoda">Sule Pagoda</a>, which is reputed to be over 2,000 years old.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The city is also home to the gilded <a href="/wiki/Shwedagon_Pagoda" title="Shwedagon Pagoda">Shwedagon Pagoda</a> – Myanmar's most sacred and famous Buddhist pagoda. </p><p>Yangon suffers from deeply inadequate <a href="/wiki/Infrastructure" title="Infrastructure">infrastructure</a>, especially compared to other major cities in <a href="/wiki/Southeast_Asia" title="Southeast Asia">Southeast Asia</a>, such as <a href="/wiki/Jakarta" title="Jakarta">Jakarta</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bangkok" title="Bangkok">Bangkok</a> or <a href="/wiki/Hanoi" title="Hanoi">Hanoi</a>. Though many historic residential and commercial buildings have been renovated throughout central Yangon, most satellite towns that ring the city continue to be profoundly impoverished and lack basic infrastructure.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Etymology_and_pronunciation">Etymology and pronunciation</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Yangon&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Etymology and pronunciation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The name <i>Yangon</i> (<span title="Burmese-language text"><span lang="my">ရန်ကုန်</span></span>) is derived from the combination of the <a href="/wiki/Burmese_language" title="Burmese language">Burmese</a> words <span title="Burmese-language text"><i lang="my-Latn">yan</i></span> (<span lang="my"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E1%80%9B%E1%80%94%E1%80%BA#Burmese" class="extiw" title="wikt:ရန်">ရန်</a></span>) and <span title="Burmese-language text"><i lang="my-Latn">koun</i></span> (<span lang="my"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E1%80%80%E1%80%AF%E1%80%94%E1%80%BA#Burmese" class="extiw" title="wikt:ကုန်">ကုန်</a></span>), which mean 'enemies' and 'run out of', respectively. This word combination can be translated as 'End of Strife'. </p><p>The name is pronounced <span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="/ˌ/: secondary stress follows">ˌ</span><span title="/j/: 'y' in 'yes'">j</span><span title="/æ/: 'a' in 'bad'">æ</span><span title="/ŋ/: 'ng' in 'sing'">ŋ</span><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="/ɡ/: 'g' in 'guy'">ɡ</span><span title="/ɒ/: 'o' in 'body'">ɒ</span><span title="'n' in 'nigh'">n</span></span>/</a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Help:Pronunciation_respelling_key" title="Help:Pronunciation respelling key"><i title="English pronunciation respelling">yang-<span style="font-size:90%">GON</span></i></a> in British English and <span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="/ˌ/: secondary stress follows">ˌ</span><span title="/j/: 'y' in 'yes'">j</span><span title="/ɑː/: 'a' in 'father'">ɑː</span><span title="'n' in 'nigh'">n</span><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="/ɡ/: 'g' in 'guy'">ɡ</span><span title="/oʊ/: 'o' in 'code'">oʊ</span><span title="'n' in 'nigh'">n</span></span>/</a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Help:Pronunciation_respelling_key" title="Help:Pronunciation respelling key"><i title="English pronunciation respelling">yahn-<span style="font-size:90%">GOHN</span></i></a> in American English.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The former romanization, <i>Rangoon</i>, was based on the <a href="/wiki/Rakhine_dialect" class="mw-redirect" title="Rakhine dialect">Rakhine dialect</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and pronounced <span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="'r' in 'rye'">r</span><span title="/æ/: 'a' in 'bad'">æ</span><span title="/ŋ/: 'ng' in 'sing'">ŋ</span><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="/ɡ/: 'g' in 'guy'">ɡ</span><span title="/uː/: 'oo' in 'goose'">uː</span><span title="'n' in 'nigh'">n</span></span>/</a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Help:Pronunciation_respelling_key" title="Help:Pronunciation respelling key"><i title="English pronunciation respelling">rang-<span style="font-size:90%">GOON</span></i></a> in English.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Yangon&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/List_of_name_changes_in_Yangon" title="List of name changes in Yangon">List of name changes in Yangon</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For a chronological guide, see <a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Yangon" title="Timeline of Yangon">Timeline of Yangon</a>.</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Early_history">Early history</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Yangon&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Early history"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Yangon was founded as <i><a href="/wiki/Dagon_Township" title="Dagon Township">Dagon</a></i> in the early 11th century (<abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1028–1043</span>) by the <a href="/wiki/Mon_people" title="Mon people">Mon people</a>, who inhabited Lower Burma at that time.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Dagon became an important pilgrimage pagoda town, starting in the 14th century, during the <a href="/wiki/Hanthawaddy_Kingdom" title="Hanthawaddy Kingdom">Hanthawaddy Kingdom</a>. Notable governors of Dagon included Princess <a href="/wiki/Maha_Dewi_of_Hanthawaddy" title="Maha Dewi of Hanthawaddy">Maha Dewi</a>, who ruled the town from 1364 to 1392,<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and her grandniece, <a href="/wiki/Shin_Sawbu" title="Shin Sawbu">Shin Saw Pu</a>, who later became the only female <a href="/wiki/Queen_regnant" title="Queen regnant">queen regnant</a> in <a href="/wiki/History_of_Myanmar" title="History of Myanmar">Burmese history</a>. Queen Saw Pu built a palace next to the <a href="/wiki/Shwedagon_Pagoda" title="Shwedagon Pagoda">Shwedagon Pagoda</a> in the town in 1460 and spent her semi-retired life at that palace until her death in 1471.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1755, King <a href="/wiki/Alaungpaya" title="Alaungpaya">Alaungpaya</a>, the founder of the <a href="/wiki/Konbaung_dynasty" title="Konbaung dynasty">Konbaung dynasty</a> captured Dagon, added settlements around it, and called the enlarged town "Yangon". In the 1790s, the <a href="/wiki/East_India_Company" title="East India Company">East India Company</a> opened a factory in Yangon. The estimated population of Yangon in 1823 was about 30,000.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom_of_Great_Britain_and_Ireland" title="United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland">British</a> captured Yangon during the <a href="/wiki/First_Anglo-Burmese_War" title="First Anglo-Burmese War">First Anglo-Burmese War</a> (1824–26), but returned the city to Burmese rule after the war. The city was destroyed by a fire in 1841.<sup id="cite_ref-mcy_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mcy-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Colonial_Rangoon_(1852–1948)"><span id="Colonial_Rangoon_.281852.E2.80.931948.29"></span>Colonial Rangoon (1852–1948)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Yangon&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Colonial Rangoon (1852–1948)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Yangon_Rangoon_and_Environ_map_1911.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Yangon_Rangoon_and_Environ_map_1911.jpg/300px-Yangon_Rangoon_and_Environ_map_1911.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="226" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Yangon_Rangoon_and_Environ_map_1911.jpg/450px-Yangon_Rangoon_and_Environ_map_1911.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Yangon_Rangoon_and_Environ_map_1911.jpg/600px-Yangon_Rangoon_and_Environ_map_1911.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1702" data-file-height="1284" /></a><figcaption>Rangoon and environs map, 1911</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Public_Gardens,_Rangoon.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/Public_Gardens%2C_Rangoon.jpg/220px-Public_Gardens%2C_Rangoon.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="172" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/Public_Gardens%2C_Rangoon.jpg/330px-Public_Gardens%2C_Rangoon.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/Public_Gardens%2C_Rangoon.jpg/440px-Public_Gardens%2C_Rangoon.jpg 2x" data-file-width="909" data-file-height="712" /></a><figcaption>A view of the Cantonment Gardens (now Kandaw Minglar Garden) in 1868</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:RangoonStreetView.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/RangoonStreetView.jpg/220px-RangoonStreetView.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="167" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/RangoonStreetView.jpg/330px-RangoonStreetView.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/RangoonStreetView.jpg/440px-RangoonStreetView.jpg 2x" data-file-width="937" data-file-height="712" /></a><figcaption>Damage of central Rangoon in the aftermath of World War II</figcaption></figure> <p>The British captured Yangon and all of <a href="/wiki/Lower_Burma" class="mw-redirect" title="Lower Burma">Lower Burma</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Second_Anglo-Burmese_War" title="Second Anglo-Burmese War">Second Anglo-Burmese War</a> of 1852, and subsequently transformed Yangon into the commercial and political hub of <a href="/wiki/British_rule_in_Burma" title="British rule in Burma">British Burma</a>. After the war, the British moved the capital of British Burma from Moulmein (present-day <a href="/wiki/Mawlamyine" title="Mawlamyine">Mawlamyine</a>) to Yangon.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Based on the design by army engineer Lt. Alexander Fraser, the British constructed a new city on a grid plan on delta land, bounded to the east by the <a href="/wiki/Pazundaung_Creek" title="Pazundaung Creek">Pazundaung Creek</a> and to the south and west by the <a href="/wiki/Yangon_River" title="Yangon River">Yangon River</a>. Yangon became the capital of all <a href="/wiki/British_rule_in_Burma" title="British rule in Burma">British-ruled Burma</a> after the British had captured <a href="/wiki/Upper_Burma" class="mw-redirect" title="Upper Burma">Upper Burma</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Third_Anglo-Burmese_War" title="Third Anglo-Burmese War">Third Anglo-Burmese War</a> of 1885. By the 1890s Yangon's increasing population and commerce gave birth to prosperous residential suburbs to the north of <a href="/wiki/Kandawgyi_Lake" title="Kandawgyi Lake">Royal Lake</a> (Kandawgyi) and <a href="/wiki/Inya_Lake" title="Inya Lake">Inya Lake</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-autogenerated4_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-autogenerated4-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The British also established hospitals including <a href="/wiki/Yangon_General_Hospital" title="Yangon General Hospital">Rangoon General Hospital</a> and colleges including <a href="/wiki/Yangon_University" class="mw-redirect" title="Yangon University">Rangoon University</a>. </p><p>After the <a href="/wiki/Indian_Rebellion_of_1857" title="Indian Rebellion of 1857">Indian Rebellion of 1857</a>, the British sent <a href="/wiki/Bahadur_Shah_II" class="mw-redirect" title="Bahadur Shah II">Bahadur Shah II</a>, the last <a href="/wiki/Mughal_Empire" title="Mughal Empire">Mughal</a> emperor, to Yangon to live in exile.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Colonial Yangon, with its spacious parks and lakes and mix of modern buildings and traditional wooden architecture, was known as "the garden city of the East".<sup id="cite_ref-autogenerated4_23-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-autogenerated4-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> By the early 20th century, Yangon had public services and infrastructure on par with London.<sup id="cite_ref-arc_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-arc-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Before <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a>, about 55% of Yangon's population of 500,000 was <a href="/wiki/Non-resident_Indian_and_person_of_Indian_origin" class="mw-redirect" title="Non-resident Indian and person of Indian origin">Indian</a> or <a href="/wiki/South_Asian" class="mw-redirect" title="South Asian">South Asian</a>, and only about a third was <a href="/wiki/Bamar" class="mw-redirect" title="Bamar">Bamar</a> (Burman).<sup id="cite_ref-tmmt_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-tmmt-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Karen_people" title="Karen people">Karens</a>, <a href="/wiki/Burmese_Chinese" class="mw-redirect" title="Burmese Chinese">Chinese</a>, <a href="/wiki/Anglo-Burmese" class="mw-redirect" title="Anglo-Burmese">Anglo-Burmese</a>, and others made up the rest.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (January 2021)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>After <a href="/wiki/World_War_I" title="World War I">World War I</a>, Yangon became the center of the Burmese independence movement, with leftist Rangoon University students leading the way. Three nationwide strikes against British rule in 1920, 1936, and 1938 all began in Yangon. Yangon was under <a href="/wiki/Empire_of_Japan" title="Empire of Japan">Japanese</a> occupation (1942–45), and incurred heavy damage during World War II. The city was retaken by the <a href="/wiki/Allies_of_World_War_II" title="Allies of World War II">Allies</a> in May 1945. Yangon became the capital of the Union of Burma on 4 January 1948 when the country gained independence from British rule.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Contemporary_Yangon_(1948–present)"><span id="Contemporary_Yangon_.281948.E2.80.93present.29"></span>Contemporary Yangon (1948–present)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Yangon&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Contemporary Yangon (1948–present)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Soon after Burma's independence in 1948, many colonial-era names of streets and parks were changed to more nationalistic Burmese names. In 1989, the <a href="/wiki/State_Peace_and_Development_Council" title="State Peace and Development Council">military junta</a> changed the city's English name to "Yangon", along with many other changes in English transliteration of Burmese names. (The changes have not been accepted by many Burmese who consider the junta unfit to make such changes, nor by many publications and news bureaus, including, most notably, the <a href="/wiki/BBC" title="BBC">BBC</a> and foreign nations including the United Kingdom and the United States.)<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Since independence, Yangon has expanded outwards. Successive governments have built satellite towns such as <a href="/wiki/Thaketa_Township" title="Thaketa Township">Thaketa</a>, <a href="/wiki/North_Okkalapa_Township" title="North Okkalapa Township">North Okkalapa</a> and <a href="/wiki/South_Okkalapa_Township" title="South Okkalapa Township">South Okkalapa</a> in the 1950s to <a href="/wiki/Hlaingthaya_Township" title="Hlaingthaya Township">Hlaingthaya</a>, <a href="/wiki/Shwepyitha_Township" title="Shwepyitha Township">Shwepyitha</a> and <a href="/wiki/South_Dagon_Township" title="South Dagon Township">South Dagon</a> in the 1980s.<sup id="cite_ref-mcy_20-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mcy-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Today, Greater Yangon encompasses an area covering nearly 600 square kilometres (230 sq mi).<sup id="cite_ref-uncrd_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-uncrd-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>During <a href="/wiki/Ne_Win" title="Ne Win">Ne Win</a>'s isolationist rule (1962–88), Yangon's infrastructure deteriorated through poor maintenance and did not keep up with its increasing population. In the 1990s, the military government's more open market policies attracted domestic and foreign investment, bringing a modicum of modernity to the city's infrastructure. Some inner city residents were forcibly relocated to new satellite towns. Many colonial-period buildings were demolished to make way for high-rise hotels, office buildings, and shopping malls,<sup id="cite_ref-beyondrangoon_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-beyondrangoon-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> leading the city government to place about 200 notable colonial-period buildings under the <a href="/wiki/Yangon_City_Heritage_List" title="Yangon City Heritage List">Yangon City Heritage List</a> in 1996.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Major building programs have resulted in six new bridges and five new highways linking the city to its industrial back country.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-ngamoeyeik_34-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ngamoeyeik-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Still, much of Yangon remains without basic municipal services such as 24-hour electricity and regular garbage collection. </p><p>Yangon has become much more indigenous Burmese in its ethnic make-up since independence. After independence, many South Asians and Anglo-Burmese left. Many more South Asians were forced to leave during the 1960s by Ne Win's xenophobic government.<sup id="cite_ref-tmmt_26-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-tmmt-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Nevertheless, sizeable South Asian and Chinese communities still exist in Yangon. The Anglo-Burmese have effectively disappeared, having left the country or intermarried with other Burmese groups. </p><p>Yangon was the centre of major anti-government protests in <a href="/wiki/U_Thant_funeral_crisis" title="U Thant funeral crisis">1974</a>, <a href="/wiki/8888_Uprising" title="8888 Uprising">1988</a> and <a href="/wiki/Saffron_Revolution" title="Saffron Revolution">2007</a>. In particular, the <a href="/wiki/8888_Uprising" title="8888 Uprising">8888 Uprising</a> resulted in the deaths of hundreds, if not thousands of Burmese civilians, many of them in Yangoon where hundreds of thousands of people flooded into the streets of the former capital city. The <a href="/wiki/Saffron_Revolution" title="Saffron Revolution">Saffron Revolution</a> saw mass shootings and the use of <a href="/wiki/Crematorium" title="Crematorium">crematoria</a> in Yangoon by the Burmese government to erase evidence of their crimes against monks, unarmed protesters, journalists and students.<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The city's streets saw bloodshed each time as protesters were gunned down by the government, most notably during the <a href="/wiki/8888_Uprising" title="8888 Uprising">1988</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Saffron_Revolution" title="Saffron Revolution">2007</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and the <a href="/wiki/Myanmar_protests_(2021%E2%80%93present)" title="Myanmar protests (2021–present)">2021</a> mass protests,<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> all of which were started in Yangon itself, signifying its importance as the cultural centre of <a href="/wiki/Burma" class="mw-redirect" title="Burma">Burma</a>. </p><p>In May 2008, <a href="/wiki/Cyclone_Nargis" title="Cyclone Nargis">Cyclone Nargis</a> hit Yangon. While the city had few human casualties, three-quarters of Yangon's industrial infrastructure was destroyed or damaged, with losses estimated at US$800 million.<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In November 2005, the military government designated <a href="/wiki/Naypyidaw" title="Naypyidaw">Naypyidaw</a>, 320 kilometres (199 mi) north of Yangon, as the new administrative capital, and moved much of the government to the newly developed city. Yangon remains the largest city and the most important commercial, <a href="/wiki/Economics" title="Economics">economic</a> and cultural center of Myanmar. On 7 May 2005, a series of coordinated bombings occurred in the city of Yangon, Myanmar. Eleven people were killed in the attack, and one of the 162 people that were injured was a member of the <a href="/wiki/Lutheran_Church_in_Malaysia" title="Lutheran Church in Malaysia">LCMS</a> mission team to Myanmar.<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:2021_Myanmar_Protest_in_Hleden.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/2021_Myanmar_Protest_in_Hleden.jpg/220px-2021_Myanmar_Protest_in_Hleden.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/2021_Myanmar_Protest_in_Hleden.jpg/330px-2021_Myanmar_Protest_in_Hleden.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/2021_Myanmar_Protest_in_Hleden.jpg/440px-2021_Myanmar_Protest_in_Hleden.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1365" /></a><figcaption>A protest in Yangon in response to the <a href="/wiki/2021_Myanmar_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="2021 Myanmar coup d'état">2021 coup d'état</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>In the 2020s, life in Yangon was greatly affected by the <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Myanmar" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Myanmar">COVID-19 pandemic</a> and <a href="/wiki/2021_Myanmar_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="2021 Myanmar coup d'état">2021 coup d'état</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-a-65105276_43-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-a-65105276-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The city was the location of <a href="/wiki/Myanmar_protests_(2021%E2%80%93present)" title="Myanmar protests (2021–present)">mass protests</a> in response to the coup.<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The femboy population in Yangon also increased due to the <a href="/wiki/Myanmar_protests_(2021%E2%80%93present)" title="Myanmar protests (2021–present)">Spring Revolution</a> of <a href="/wiki/Myanmar" title="Myanmar">Myanmar</a>, protesting against the ruling military junta who took control after the <a href="/wiki/2021_Myanmar_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="2021 Myanmar coup d'état">2021 coup d'état</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In protest, femboy outfits were used to gain exposure, with gender-nonconforming outfits being worn by non-femboy protestors. Aye Lei Tun credits the femboy culture as tactic to lead towards "social and cultural revolution" The pandemic and protests prompted authorities to enforce numerous <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_lockdowns" title="COVID-19 lockdowns">lockdowns</a> and <a href="/wiki/Curfew" title="Curfew">curfews</a>. The city's economy subsequently slowed.<sup id="cite_ref-a-65105276_43-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-a-65105276-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Geography">Geography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Yangon&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Geography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Yangon is located in Lower Burma (Myanmar) at the convergence of the <a href="/wiki/Yangon_River" title="Yangon River">Yangon</a> and <a href="/wiki/Bago_River" title="Bago River">Bago</a> Rivers about 30 km (19 mi) away from the <a href="/wiki/Gulf_of_Martaban" title="Gulf of Martaban">Gulf of Martaban</a> at 16°48' North, 96°09' East (16.8, 96.15). Its standard time zone is UTC/GMT +6:30 hours. 23 meters above sea level. Due to its location on the Irrawaddy Delta, intertidal flat ecosystems occur adjacent to the city.<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Climate">Climate</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Yangon&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Climate"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Yangon has a <a href="/wiki/Tropical_monsoon_climate" title="Tropical monsoon climate">tropical monsoon climate</a> (Am) under the <a href="/wiki/K%C3%B6ppen_climate_classification" title="Köppen climate classification">Köppen climate classification</a> system.<sup id="cite_ref-Peel_47-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Peel-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The city features a lengthy wet season from May through October where a substantial amount of rainfall is received; and a dry season from November through April, where little rainfall is seen. It is primarily due to the heavy rainfall received during the rainy season that makes Yangon fall under the tropical monsoon climate category. During the course of year 1961 to 1990s, average temperatures show little variance, with average highs ranging from 29 to 36 °C (84 to 97 °F) and average lows ranging from 18 to 25 °C (64 to 77 °F). </p><p>Yangon is prone to <a href="/wiki/Tropical_cyclones" class="mw-redirect" title="Tropical cyclones">tropical cyclones</a> every time of the year. In 2008, <a href="/wiki/Cyclone_Nargis" title="Cyclone Nargis">Cyclone Nargis</a> made landfall as a Category 4 cyclone, making it the worst cyclone on the country's record. </p> <div> <table class="wikitable mw-collapsible" style="width:auto; text-align:center; line-height:1.2em;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="14">Climate data for Yangon (Kaba–Aye) 1991–2020 </th></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Month </th> <th scope="col">Jan </th> <th scope="col">Feb </th> <th scope="col">Mar </th> <th scope="col">Apr </th> <th scope="col">May </th> <th scope="col">Jun </th> <th scope="col">Jul </th> <th scope="col">Aug </th> <th scope="col">Sep </th> <th scope="col">Oct </th> <th scope="col">Nov </th> <th scope="col">Dec </th> <th scope="col" style="border-left-width:medium">Year </th></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Record high °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FF1100; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">39.0<br />(102.2) </td> <td style="background: #FF0B00; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">39.8<br />(103.6) </td> <td style="background: #FF0700; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">40.4<br />(104.7) </td> <td style="background: #F50000; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">42.2<br />(108.0) </td> <td style="background: #F80000; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">42.0<br />(107.6) </td> <td style="background: #FF0A00; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">40.0<br />(104.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF1900; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">37.8<br />(100.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF1D00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">37.2<br />(99.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF1100; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">38.9<br />(102.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF1800; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">38.0<br />(100.4) </td> <td style="background: #FF1100; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">38.9<br />(102.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF2800; color:#000000;" class="notheme">35.6<br />(96.1) </td> <td style="background: #F50000; color:#FFFFFF; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">42.2<br />(108.0) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean daily maximum °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FF3900; color:#000000;" class="notheme">33.1<br />(91.6) </td> <td style="background: #FF2C00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">35.1<br />(95.2) </td> <td style="background: #FF2000; color:#000000;" class="notheme">36.8<br />(98.2) </td> <td style="background: #FF1A00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">37.7<br />(99.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF3000; color:#000000;" class="notheme">34.5<br />(94.1) </td> <td style="background: #FF4600; color:#000000;" class="notheme">31.3<br />(88.3) </td> <td style="background: #FF4B00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">30.6<br />(87.1) </td> <td style="background: #FF4D00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">30.3<br />(86.5) </td> <td style="background: #FF4600; color:#000000;" class="notheme">31.3<br />(88.3) </td> <td style="background: #FF3C00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">32.7<br />(90.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF3600; color:#000000;" class="notheme">33.6<br />(92.5) </td> <td style="background: #FF3B00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">32.9<br />(91.2) </td> <td style="background: #FF3800; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">33.3<br />(91.9) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Daily mean °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FF7200; color:#000000;" class="notheme">24.9<br />(76.8) </td> <td style="background: #FF6600; color:#000000;" class="notheme">26.6<br />(79.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF5600; color:#000000;" class="notheme">28.9<br />(84.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF4B00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">30.6<br />(87.1) </td> <td style="background: #FF5400; color:#000000;" class="notheme">29.2<br />(84.6) </td> <td style="background: #FF6100; color:#000000;" class="notheme">27.3<br />(81.1) </td> <td style="background: #FF6600; color:#000000;" class="notheme">26.7<br />(80.1) </td> <td style="background: #FF6600; color:#000000;" class="notheme">26.6<br />(79.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF6300; color:#000000;" class="notheme">27.0<br />(80.6) </td> <td style="background: #FF5F00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">27.7<br />(81.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF6100; color:#000000;" class="notheme">27.4<br />(81.3) </td> <td style="background: #FF6E00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">25.4<br />(77.7) </td> <td style="background: #FF6100; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">27.4<br />(81.3) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean daily minimum °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FFAB58; color:#000000;" class="notheme">16.6<br />(61.9) </td> <td style="background: #FFA143; color:#000000;" class="notheme">18.1<br />(64.6) </td> <td style="background: #FF8D1C; color:#000000;" class="notheme">20.9<br />(69.6) </td> <td style="background: #FF7C00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">23.5<br />(74.3) </td> <td style="background: #FF7800; color:#000000;" class="notheme">24.0<br />(75.2) </td> <td style="background: #FF7E00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">23.2<br />(73.8) </td> <td style="background: #FF8002; color:#000000;" class="notheme">22.8<br />(73.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF8002; color:#000000;" class="notheme">22.8<br />(73.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF8002; color:#000000;" class="notheme">22.8<br />(73.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF8104; color:#000000;" class="notheme">22.7<br />(72.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF8C1A; color:#000000;" class="notheme">21.1<br />(70.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFA246; color:#000000;" class="notheme">17.9<br />(64.2) </td> <td style="background: #FF8A16; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">21.4<br />(70.5) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Record low °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FFD9B3; color:#000000;" class="notheme">10.0<br />(50.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFC58C; color:#000000;" class="notheme">12.8<br />(55.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFB66E; color:#000000;" class="notheme">15.0<br />(59.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFAF60; color:#000000;" class="notheme">16.0<br />(60.8) </td> <td style="background: #FFA54B; color:#000000;" class="notheme">17.5<br />(63.5) </td> <td style="background: #FF9F3F; color:#000000;" class="notheme">18.4<br />(65.1) </td> <td style="background: #FF9E3E; color:#000000;" class="notheme">18.5<br />(65.3) </td> <td style="background: #FFAF60; color:#000000;" class="notheme">16.0<br />(60.8) </td> <td style="background: #FFA852; color:#000000;" class="notheme">17.0<br />(62.6) </td> <td style="background: #FFC082; color:#000000;" class="notheme">13.5<br />(56.3) </td> <td style="background: #FFC892; color:#000000;" class="notheme">12.4<br />(54.3) </td> <td style="background: #FFDEBE; color:#000000;" class="notheme">9.2<br />(48.6) </td> <td style="background: #FFDEBE; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">9.2<br />(48.6) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average <a href="/wiki/Precipitation" title="Precipitation">precipitation</a> mm (inches) </th> <td style="background: #F8FFF8; color:#000000;" class="notheme">4.5<br />(0.18) </td> <td style="background: #FAFFFA; color:#000000;" class="notheme">3.0<br />(0.12) </td> <td style="background: #E8FFE8; color:#000000;" class="notheme">15.1<br />(0.59) </td> <td style="background: #C4FFC4; color:#000000;" class="notheme">37.9<br />(1.49) </td> <td style="background: #003000; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">333.8<br />(13.14) </td> <td style="background: #003000; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">554.0<br />(21.81) </td> <td style="background: #003000; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">624.5<br />(24.59) </td> <td style="background: #003000; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">562.2<br />(22.13) </td> <td style="background: #003000; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">426.8<br />(16.80) </td> <td style="background: #00BA00; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">217.4<br />(8.56) </td> <td style="background: #AEFFAE; color:#000000;" class="notheme">52.6<br />(2.07) </td> <td style="background: #F1FFF1; color:#000000;" class="notheme">9.2<br />(0.36) </td> <td style="background: #009600; color:#FFFFFF; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">2,841<br />(111.85) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average precipitation days <span style="font-size:90%;" class="nowrap">(≥ 1.0 mm)</span> </th> <td style="background: #FAFAFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.4 </td> <td style="background: #FCFCFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.2 </td> <td style="background: #F5F5FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.8 </td> <td style="background: #E0E0FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">2.4 </td> <td style="background: #4C4CFF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">14.5 </td> <td style="background: #0000B3; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">25.9 </td> <td style="background: #0000B4; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">26.7 </td> <td style="background: #0000B7; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">26.5 </td> <td style="background: #0000ED; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">21.4 </td> <td style="background: #5252FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">14.0 </td> <td style="background: #D3D3FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">3.4 </td> <td style="background: #FAFAFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.4 </td> <td style="background: #6F6FFF; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">136.6 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average <a href="/wiki/Relative_humidity" class="mw-redirect" title="Relative humidity">relative humidity</a> (%) </th> <td style="background: #1111FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">62 </td> <td style="background: #0202FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">66 </td> <td style="background: #0000F6; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">69 </td> <td style="background: #0202FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">66 </td> <td style="background: #0000E6; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">73 </td> <td style="background: #0000B8; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">85 </td> <td style="background: #0000B5; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">86 </td> <td style="background: #0000B1; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">87 </td> <td style="background: #0000B8; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">85 </td> <td style="background: #0000D3; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">78 </td> <td style="background: #0000EE; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">71 </td> <td style="background: #0606FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">65 </td> <td style="background: #0000E2; color:#FFFFFF; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">74 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean monthly <a href="/wiki/Sunshine_duration" title="Sunshine duration">sunshine hours</a> </th> <td style="background: #EEEE0B; color:#000000;" class="notheme">300 </td> <td style="background: #EEEE0A; color:#000000;" class="notheme">272 </td> <td style="background: #ECEC06; color:#000000;" class="notheme">290 </td> <td style="background: #EEEE0C; color:#000000;" class="notheme">292 </td> <td style="background: #D2D200; color:#000000;" class="notheme">181 </td> <td style="background: #979797; color:#000000;" class="notheme">80 </td> <td style="background: #8C8C8C; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">77 </td> <td style="background: #A8A8A8; color:#000000;" class="notheme">92 </td> <td style="background: #ADAD96; color:#000000;" class="notheme">97 </td> <td style="background: #D8D800; color:#000000;" class="notheme">203 </td> <td style="background: #ECEC05; color:#000000;" class="notheme">280 </td> <td style="background: #EBEB04; color:#000000;" class="notheme">288 </td> <td style="background: #D9D900; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">2,452 </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="14" style="text-align:center;font-size:95%;">Source 1: <a href="/wiki/World_Meteorological_Organization" title="World Meteorological Organization">World Meteorological Organization</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-WMOCLINO_48-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WMOCLINO-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Deutscher_Wetterdienst" title="Deutscher Wetterdienst">Deutscher Wetterdienst</a> (extremes)<sup id="cite_ref-DWD_49-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DWD-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="14" style="text-align:center;font-size:95%;">Source 2: <a href="/wiki/Danish_Meteorological_Institute" title="Danish Meteorological Institute">Danish Meteorological Institute</a> (sun and relative humidity 1931–1960),<sup id="cite_ref-DMI_50-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DMI-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Myanmar Times (May record high and December record low)<sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr></tbody></table> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Cityscape">Cityscape</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Yangon&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Cityscape"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Yangon_map.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Yangon_map.svg/220px-Yangon_map.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="182" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Yangon_map.svg/330px-Yangon_map.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Yangon_map.svg/440px-Yangon_map.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1688" data-file-height="1393" /></a><figcaption>Map of Yangon</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Yangon,_Strand_Road,_Myanmar,_Burma.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Yangon%2C_Strand_Road%2C_Myanmar%2C_Burma.jpg/220px-Yangon%2C_Strand_Road%2C_Myanmar%2C_Burma.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Yangon%2C_Strand_Road%2C_Myanmar%2C_Burma.jpg/330px-Yangon%2C_Strand_Road%2C_Myanmar%2C_Burma.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Yangon%2C_Strand_Road%2C_Myanmar%2C_Burma.jpg/440px-Yangon%2C_Strand_Road%2C_Myanmar%2C_Burma.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4000" data-file-height="3000" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Strand_Road,_Yangon" title="Strand Road, Yangon">Strand Road, Yangon</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Cityhall_Yangon_Downtown.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Cityhall_Yangon_Downtown.jpg/220px-Cityhall_Yangon_Downtown.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Cityhall_Yangon_Downtown.jpg/330px-Cityhall_Yangon_Downtown.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Cityhall_Yangon_Downtown.jpg/440px-Cityhall_Yangon_Downtown.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1125" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Downtown_Yangon" title="Downtown Yangon">City square in downtown Yangon</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Yangon_at_night.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Yangon_at_night.jpg/220px-Yangon_at_night.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Yangon_at_night.jpg/330px-Yangon_at_night.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Yangon_at_night.jpg/440px-Yangon_at_night.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5184" data-file-height="3456" /></a><figcaption>Yangon at night</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Yangon_cityscape_Hledan.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Yangon_cityscape_Hledan.jpg/220px-Yangon_cityscape_Hledan.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="141" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Yangon_cityscape_Hledan.jpg/330px-Yangon_cityscape_Hledan.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Yangon_cityscape_Hledan.jpg/440px-Yangon_cityscape_Hledan.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5000" data-file-height="3200" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Kamayut_Township" title="Kamayut Township">Yangon cityscape from Hledan</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Until the mid-1990s, Yangon remained largely constrained to its traditional peninsula setting between the <a href="/wiki/Bago_River" title="Bago River">Bago</a>, Yangon, and <a href="/wiki/Hlaing_River" class="mw-redirect" title="Hlaing River">Hlaing Rivers</a>. People moved in, but little of the city moved out. Maps from 1944 show little development north of <a href="/wiki/Inya_Lake" title="Inya Lake">Inya Lake</a> and areas that are now layered in cement and stacked with houses were then virtual backwaters. Since the late 1980s, however, the city began a rapid spread north to where <a href="/wiki/Yangon_International_Airport" title="Yangon International Airport">Yangon International Airport</a> now stands. But the result is a stretching tail on the city, with the downtown area well removed from its geographic centre.<sup id="cite_ref-future-yangon_52-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-future-yangon-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The city's area has steadily increased from 72.52 square kilometres (28.00 sq mi) in 1901 to 86.2 square kilometres (33.3 sq mi) in 1940 to 208.51 square kilometres (80.51 sq mi) in 1974, to 346.13 square kilometres (133.64 sq mi) in 1985, and to 598.75 square kilometres (231.18 sq mi) in 2008.<sup id="cite_ref-uncrd_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-uncrd-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-mcy-znm_53-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mcy-znm-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Architecture">Architecture</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Yangon&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Architecture"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/List_of_tallest_buildings_in_Yangon" title="List of tallest buildings in Yangon">List of tallest buildings in Yangon</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:YangonViewKDG2024.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/YangonViewKDG2024.png/220px-YangonViewKDG2024.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="121" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/YangonViewKDG2024.png/330px-YangonViewKDG2024.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/YangonViewKDG2024.png/440px-YangonViewKDG2024.png 2x" data-file-width="960" data-file-height="528" /></a><figcaption>The skyline of Yangon in late November 2024</figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/wiki/Downtown_Yangon" title="Downtown Yangon">Downtown Yangon</a> is known for its leafy avenues and fin-de-siècle architecture.<sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The former British colonial capital has the highest number of colonial period buildings in south-east Asia.<sup id="cite_ref-bygone_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bygone-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Downtown Yangon is still mainly made up of decaying colonial buildings. The former <a href="/wiki/High_Court_(Burma)" class="mw-redirect" title="High Court (Burma)">High Court</a>, the former <a href="/wiki/Ministers%27_Building" title="Ministers' Building">Secretariat buildings</a>, the former <a href="/wiki/BEHS_6_Botataung" class="mw-redirect" title="BEHS 6 Botataung">St. Paul's English High School</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Strand_Hotel" title="Strand Hotel">Strand Hotel</a> are excellent examples of the bygone era. Most downtown buildings from this era are four-story mix-use (residential and commercial) buildings with 14-foot (4.3 m) ceilings, allowing for the construction of <a href="/wiki/Mezzanine_(architecture)" class="mw-redirect" title="Mezzanine (architecture)">mezzanines</a>. Despite their less-than-perfect conditions, the buildings remain highly sought after and most expensive in the city's property market.<sup id="cite_ref-oldies_55-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-oldies-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1996, the <a href="/wiki/Yangon_City_Development_Committee" title="Yangon City Development Committee">Yangon City Development Committee</a> created a <a href="/wiki/Yangon_City_Heritage_List" title="Yangon City Heritage List">Yangon City Heritage List</a> of old buildings and structures in the city that cannot be modified or torn down without approval.<sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2012, the city of Yangon imposed a 50-year moratorium on demolition of buildings older than 50 years.<sup id="cite_ref-rob_57-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-rob-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Yangon_Heritage_Trust" title="Yangon Heritage Trust">Yangon Heritage Trust</a>, an NGO started by <a href="/wiki/Thant_Myint-U" title="Thant Myint-U">Thant Myint-U</a>, aims to create heritage areas in Downtown, and attract investors to renovate buildings for commercial use.<sup id="cite_ref-rob_57-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-rob-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A latter-day hallmark of Yangon is the eight-story <a href="/wiki/Apartment_building" class="mw-redirect" title="Apartment building">apartment building</a>. (In Yangon parlance, a building with no <a href="/wiki/Elevator" title="Elevator">elevators</a> (lifts) is called an apartment building and one with elevators is called a <a href="/wiki/Condominium_(living_space)" class="mw-redirect" title="Condominium (living space)">condominium</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Condos which have to invest in a local power generator to ensure 24-hour electricity for the elevators are beyond the reach of most Yangonites.) Found throughout the city, eight-story apartment buildings provide inexpensive housing for many Yangonites. The apartments are usually eight stories high (including the ground floor) mainly because city regulations, until February 2008, required that all buildings higher than 75 feet (23 m) or eight stories to install lifts.<sup id="cite_ref-lift_59-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-lift-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The code calls for elevators in buildings higher than 62 feet (19 m) or six stories, likely ushering in the era of the six-story apartment building. Although most apartment buildings were built only within the last 20 years, they look much older and rundown due to shoddy construction and lack of proper maintenance. </p><p>Unlike other major Asian cities, Yangon does not have any skyscrapers. This is due to rule that no building should be more than 75% the height above sea level of <a href="/wiki/Shwedagon_Pagoda" title="Shwedagon Pagoda">Shwedagon Pagoda</a>, which rises about 160 metres (520 ft). For instance, in 2015, a luxury housing project was cancelled due to its proximity to Shwedagon Pagoda. Critics of the project claimed that the project could cause structural damage to the pagoda.<sup id="cite_ref-60" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Aside from a few high-rise hotels and office towers, most high-rise buildings (usually 10 stories and up) are "condos" scattered across prosperous neighborhoods north of downtown such as <a href="/wiki/Bahan_Township" title="Bahan Township">Bahan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dagon_Township" title="Dagon Township">Dagon</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kamayut_Township" title="Kamayut Township">Kamayut</a> and <a href="/wiki/Mayangon_Township" title="Mayangon Township">Mayangon</a>. </p><p>Older satellite towns such as <a href="/wiki/Thaketa_Township" title="Thaketa Township">Thaketa</a>, <a href="/wiki/North_Okkalapa_Township" title="North Okkalapa Township">North Okkalapa</a>, and <a href="/wiki/South_Okkalapa_Township" title="South Okkalapa Township">South Okkalapa</a> are lined mostly with one to two-story detached houses with access to the city's electricity grid. Newer satellite towns such as <a href="/wiki/North_Dagon_Township" title="North Dagon Township">North Dagon</a> and <a href="/wiki/South_Dagon_Township" title="South Dagon Township">South Dagon</a> are in a grid layout. The satellite towns—old or new—receive little or no municipal services. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Road_layout">Road layout</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Yangon&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Road layout"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ministers%27_Office_Building_Yangon_4.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Ministers%27_Office_Building_Yangon_4.jpg/220px-Ministers%27_Office_Building_Yangon_4.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="124" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Ministers%27_Office_Building_Yangon_4.jpg/330px-Ministers%27_Office_Building_Yangon_4.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Ministers%27_Office_Building_Yangon_4.jpg/440px-Ministers%27_Office_Building_Yangon_4.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4608" data-file-height="2592" /></a><figcaption>Yangon Secretariat Office</figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/wiki/Downtown_Yangon" title="Downtown Yangon">Downtown Yangon</a>'s road layout follows a grid pattern, based on four types of roads: </p> <ul><li>Broad 49-m wide roads running west to east</li> <li>Broad 30-m wide roads running south to north</li> <li>Two narrow 9.1-m wide streets running south to north</li> <li>Mid-size 15-m wide streets running south to north</li></ul> <p>The east–west grid of central was laid out by British military engineers Fraser and Montgomerie after the <a href="/wiki/Second_Anglo-Burmese_War" title="Second Anglo-Burmese War">Second Anglo-Burmese War</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-arc_25-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-arc-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The city was later developed by the Public Works Department and Bengal Corps of Engineers. The pattern of south to north roads is as follows: one broad 100-foot (30 m) wide road, two narrow streets, one mid-size street, two more narrow streets, and then another broad 100-foot (30 m) wide road. This order is repeated from west to east. The narrow streets are numbered; the medium and broad roads are named. </p><p>For example, the 100-foot (30 m) Lanmadaw Road is followed by 30-foot (9.1 m)-wide 17th and 18th streets then the medium 50-foot (15 m) Sint-Oh-Dan Road, the 30-foot 19th and 20th streets, followed by another 100-foot (30 m) wide Latha Road, followed again by the two numbered small roads 21st and 22nd streets, and so on. </p><p>The roads running parallel west to east were the Strand Road, Merchant Road, Maha Bandula (née Dalhousie) Road, Anawrahta (Fraser) Road, and Bogyoke Aung San (Montgomerie) Road. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Yangon_Kandawgyi_Lake.jpeg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Yangon_Kandawgyi_Lake.jpeg/220px-Yangon_Kandawgyi_Lake.jpeg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Yangon_Kandawgyi_Lake.jpeg/330px-Yangon_Kandawgyi_Lake.jpeg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Yangon_Kandawgyi_Lake.jpeg/440px-Yangon_Kandawgyi_Lake.jpeg 2x" data-file-width="2000" data-file-height="1333" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Kandawgyi_Lake" title="Kandawgyi Lake">Kandawgyi Lake</a>, a popular park near downtown Yangon</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Parks_and_gardens">Parks and gardens</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Yangon&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Parks and gardens"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The largest and best maintained parks in Yangon are located around <a href="/wiki/Shwedagon_Pagoda" title="Shwedagon Pagoda">Shwedagon Pagoda</a>. To the south-east of the gilded stupa is the most popular recreational area in the city – <a href="/wiki/Kandawgyi_Lake" title="Kandawgyi Lake">Kandawgyi Lake</a>. The 150-acre (61-ha) lake is surrounded by the 110-acre (45-ha) <a href="/wiki/Kandawgyi_Nature_Park" class="mw-redirect" title="Kandawgyi Nature Park">Kandawgyi Nature Park</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-61" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and the 69.25-acre (28-ha) <a href="/wiki/Yangon_Zoological_Gardens" title="Yangon Zoological Gardens">Yangon Zoological Gardens</a>, which consists of a zoo, an aquarium and an amusement park.<sup id="cite_ref-yz_62-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-yz-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> West of the pagoda towards the former Hluttaw (Parliament) complex is the 130-acre (53-ha) <a href="/wiki/People%27s_Square_and_Park" title="People's Square and Park">People's Square and Park</a>, the former parading ground on important national days when Yangon was the capital.<sup id="cite_ref-63" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A few miles north of the pagoda lies the 37-acre (15-ha) <a href="/wiki/Inya_Lake" title="Inya Lake">Inya Lake Park</a> – a favourite hangout place of <a href="/wiki/Yangon_University" class="mw-redirect" title="Yangon University">Yangon University</a> students, and a well-known place of romance in Burmese popular culture. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Hlawga_National_Park" class="mw-redirect" title="Hlawga National Park">Hlawga National Park</a> and <a href="/wiki/Taukkyan_War_Cemetery" title="Taukkyan War Cemetery">Allied War Memorial</a> at the outskirts of the city are popular day-trip destinations with tourists. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Administration">Administration</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Yangon&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Administration"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Yangon is administered by the <a href="/wiki/Yangon_City_Development_Committee" title="Yangon City Development Committee">Yangon City Development Committee</a> (YCDC). YCDC also coordinates <a href="/wiki/Urban_planning" title="Urban planning">urban planning</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-64" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The city is made up of 33 townships and is part of <a href="/wiki/Yangon_Region" title="Yangon Region">Yangon Region</a>. Yangon Region is divided into four districts, which overlap with the city's jurisdiction.<sup id="cite_ref-65" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/List_of_mayors_of_Yangon" class="mw-redirect" title="List of mayors of Yangon">current mayor of Yangon</a> is <a href="/wiki/Maung_Maung_Soe_(politician)" title="Maung Maung Soe (politician)">Maung Maung Soe</a>. Each township is administered by a Township Development Committee,<sup id="cite_ref-66" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> alongside local leaders who make decisions regarding city beautification and infrastructure. <i>Myo-thit</i> (lit. "New Towns", or <a href="/wiki/Satellite_town" class="mw-redirect" title="Satellite town">satellite towns</a>) are not within such jurisdictions. </p><p><b>List of Yangon City Townships by District:</b> </p> <table> <tbody><tr> <th style="width:200px;">Western District </th> <th style="width:200px;">Eastern District </th> <th style="width:200px;">Southern District </th> <th style="width:200px;">Northern District </th></tr> <tr> <td> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ahlon_Township" title="Ahlon Township">Ahlon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bahan_Township" title="Bahan Township">Bahan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dagon_Township" title="Dagon Township">Dagon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hlaing_Township" title="Hlaing Township">Hlaing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kamayut_Township" title="Kamayut Township">Kamayut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kyauktada_Township" title="Kyauktada Township">Kyauktada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kyimyindaing_Township" title="Kyimyindaing Township">Kyimyindaing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lanmadaw_Township" title="Lanmadaw Township">Lanmadaw</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Latha_Township" title="Latha Township">Latha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mayangon_Township" title="Mayangon Township">Mayangon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pabedan_Township" title="Pabedan Township">Pabedan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sanchaung_Township" title="Sanchaung Township">Sanchaung</a></li></ul> </td> <td> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Botataung_Township" title="Botataung Township">Botataung</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dagon_Seikkan_Township" title="Dagon Seikkan Township">Dagon Seikkan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dawbon_Township" title="Dawbon Township">Dawbon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mingala_Taungnyunt_Township" title="Mingala Taungnyunt Township">Mingala Taungnyunt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Dagon_Township" title="East Dagon Township">New Dagon East</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Dagon_Township" title="North Dagon Township">New Dagon North</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Dagon_Township" title="South Dagon Township">New Dagon South</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Okkalapa_Township" title="North Okkalapa Township">North Okkalapa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pazundaung_Township" title="Pazundaung Township">Pazundaung</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Okkalapa_Township" title="South Okkalapa Township">South Okkalapa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tamwe_Township" title="Tamwe Township">Tamwe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thaketa_Township" title="Thaketa Township">Thaketa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thingangyun_Township" title="Thingangyun Township">Thingangyun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yankin_Township" title="Yankin Township">Yankin</a></li></ul> </td> <td> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dala_Township" title="Dala Township">Dala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seikkyi_Kanaungto_Township" title="Seikkyi Kanaungto Township">Seikkyi Kanaungto</a></li></ul> </td> <td> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Insein_Township" title="Insein Township">Insein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hlaingthaya_Township" title="Hlaingthaya Township">Hlaingthaya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mingaladon_Township" title="Mingaladon Township">Mingaladon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shwepyitha_Township" title="Shwepyitha Township">Shwepyitha</a></li></ul> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Yangon is a member of the <a href="/wiki/Asian_Network_of_Major_Cities_21" title="Asian Network of Major Cities 21">Asian Network of Major Cities 21</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Transport">Transport</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Yangon&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Transport"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Yangon is Burma's main domestic and international hub for air, rail, and ground transportation. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Air">Air</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Yangon&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Air"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ygnbusyairport.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Ygnbusyairport.jpg/220px-Ygnbusyairport.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Ygnbusyairport.jpg/330px-Ygnbusyairport.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Ygnbusyairport.jpg/440px-Ygnbusyairport.jpg 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="375" /></a><figcaption>Inside T2, <a href="/wiki/Yangon_International_Airport" title="Yangon International Airport">Yangon International Airport</a></figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/wiki/Yangon_International_Airport" title="Yangon International Airport">Yangon International Airport</a>, located 12 miles (19 km) from downtown, is the country's main gateway for domestic and international air travel. The airport has three terminals, known as T1, T2 and T3 which is also known as Domestic. It has direct flights to major cities in Asia, such as <a href="/wiki/Tokyo" title="Tokyo">Tokyo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Shanghai" title="Shanghai">Shanghai</a>, <a href="/wiki/Seoul" title="Seoul">Seoul</a>, <a href="/wiki/Singapore" title="Singapore">Singapore</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong" title="Hong Kong">Hong Kong</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kuala_Lumpur" title="Kuala Lumpur">Kuala Lumpur</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kolkata" title="Kolkata">Kolkata</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Dubai" title="Dubai">Dubai</a>. Although domestic airlines offer service to about forty domestic locations, most flights are to tourist destinations such as <a href="/wiki/Bagan" title="Bagan">Bagan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mandalay" title="Mandalay">Mandalay</a>, <a href="/wiki/Heho" title="Heho">Heho</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ngapali" class="mw-redirect" title="Ngapali">Ngapali</a>, and to the capital <a href="/wiki/Naypyidaw" title="Naypyidaw">Naypyidaw</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Railways">Railways</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Yangon&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Railways"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Myanmar-Yangon-Main_train_station.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Myanmar-Yangon-Main_train_station.jpg/220px-Myanmar-Yangon-Main_train_station.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Myanmar-Yangon-Main_train_station.jpg/330px-Myanmar-Yangon-Main_train_station.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Myanmar-Yangon-Main_train_station.jpg/440px-Myanmar-Yangon-Main_train_station.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1536" data-file-height="1024" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Yangon_Central_Railway_Station" class="mw-redirect" title="Yangon Central Railway Station">Yangon Central Railway Station</a></figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/wiki/Yangon_Central_Railway_Station" class="mw-redirect" title="Yangon Central Railway Station">Yangon Central Railway Station</a> is the main terminus of <a href="/wiki/Myanmar_Railways" class="mw-redirect" title="Myanmar Railways">Myanmar Railways</a>' 5,403-kilometre (3,357 mi) rail network<sup id="cite_ref-nlm-rail_67-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nlm-rail-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> whose reach covers Upper Myanmar (<a href="/wiki/Naypyidaw" title="Naypyidaw">Naypyidaw</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mandalay" title="Mandalay">Mandalay</a>, <a href="/wiki/Shwebo" title="Shwebo">Shwebo</a>), upcountry (<a href="/wiki/Myitkyina" title="Myitkyina">Myitkyina</a>), Shan hills (<a href="/wiki/Taunggyi" title="Taunggyi">Taunggyi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lashio" title="Lashio">Lashio</a>) and the Taninthayi coast (<a href="/wiki/Mawlamyine" title="Mawlamyine">Mawlamyine</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dawei" title="Dawei">Dawei</a>). </p><p><a href="/wiki/Yangon_Circular_Railway" title="Yangon Circular Railway">Yangon Circular Railway</a> operates a 45.9-kilometre (28.5 mi) 39-station commuter rail network that connects Yangon's satellite towns. The system is heavily used by the local populace, selling about 150,000 tickets daily.<sup id="cite_ref-railway_bazzar_68-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-railway_bazzar-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The popularity of the commuter line has jumped since the government reduced petrol subsidies in August 2007.<sup id="cite_ref-railway_bazzar_68-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-railway_bazzar-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2017 the government of Japan provided more than US$200 million in finance to assist with a range of works including developing and maintaining the Yangon circular railway line, purchasing new carriages and upgrading signalling.<sup id="cite_ref-69" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-70" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Rapid_transit">Rapid transit</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Yangon&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Rapid transit"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Yangon_Urban_Mass_Rapid_Transit" title="Yangon Urban Mass Rapid Transit">Yangon Urban Mass Rapid Transit</a> is a proposed <a href="/wiki/Rapid_transit" title="Rapid transit">rapid transit</a> system, due to begin construction in 2022 and be complete by 2027.<sup id="cite_ref-71" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Buses_and_cars">Buses and cars</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Yangon&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Buses and cars"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Anawrahta_road_traffic.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Anawrahta_road_traffic.jpg/220px-Anawrahta_road_traffic.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="148" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Anawrahta_road_traffic.jpg/330px-Anawrahta_road_traffic.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Anawrahta_road_traffic.jpg/440px-Anawrahta_road_traffic.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5210" data-file-height="3500" /></a><figcaption>Traffic at <a href="/wiki/Anawrahta" title="Anawrahta">Anawrahta</a> Road, presumably during peak hours</figcaption></figure> <p>Yangon has a 4,456-kilometre (2,769 mi) road network of all types (tar, concrete and dirt) in March 2011. Many of the roads are in poor condition and not wide enough to accommodate an increasing number of cars.<sup id="cite_ref-w11-30yr-plan_72-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-w11-30yr-plan-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The vast majority of Yangon residents cannot afford a car and rely on an extensive network of buses to get around. Over 300 public and private bus lines operate about 6,300 crowded buses around the city, carrying over 4.4 million passengers a day.<sup id="cite_ref-uncrd_1-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-uncrd-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-bus_73-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bus-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> All buses and 80% of the taxis in Yangon run on <a href="/wiki/Compressed_natural_gas" title="Compressed natural gas">compressed natural gas</a> (CNG), following the 2005 government decree to save money on imported petroleum.<sup id="cite_ref-74" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-74"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Highway buses to other cities depart from Dagon Ayeyar Highway Bus Terminal for Irrawaddy delta region and Aung Mingala Highway Bus Terminal for other parts of the country.<sup id="cite_ref-mm-net_75-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mm-net-75"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>74<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Motor transportation in Yangon is highly expensive for most of its citizens. As the government allows only a few thousand cars to be imported each year in a country with over 50 million people,<sup id="cite_ref-nyt_76-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nyt-76"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>75<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> car prices in Yangon (and in Burma) are among the highest in the world.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (July 2017)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> In July 2008, the two most popular cars in Yangon, 1986/87 Nissan Sunny Super Saloon and 1988 Toyota Corolla SE Limited, cost the equivalent of about US$20,000 and US$29,000 respectively.<sup id="cite_ref-77" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-77"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>76<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A sports utility vehicle, imported for the equivalent of around US$50,000, goes for US$250,000.<sup id="cite_ref-nyt_76-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nyt-76"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>75<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Illegally imported unregistered cars are cheaper – typically about half the price of registered cars. Nonetheless, car usage in Yangon is on the rise, a sign of rising incomes for some, and already causes much traffic congestion in highway-less Yangon's streets. In 2011, Yangon had about 300,000 registered motor vehicles in addition to an unknown number of unregistered ones.<sup id="cite_ref-w11-30yr-plan_72-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-w11-30yr-plan-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Within Yangon city limits, it is illegal to drive <a href="/wiki/Trishaw" class="mw-redirect" title="Trishaw">trishaws</a>, bicycles, and motorcycles. Since February 2010, <a href="/wiki/Pick-up_truck" class="mw-redirect" title="Pick-up truck">pick-up truck</a> bus lines have been forbidden to run in six townships of central Yangon, namely <a href="/wiki/Latha_Township" title="Latha Township">Latha</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lanmadaw_Township" title="Lanmadaw Township">Lanmadaw</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pabedan_Township" title="Pabedan Township">Pabedan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kyauktada_Township" title="Kyauktada Township">Kyauktada</a>, <a href="/wiki/Botahtaung_Township" class="mw-redirect" title="Botahtaung Township">Botahtaung</a> and <a href="/wiki/Pazundaung_Township" title="Pazundaung Township">Pazundaung Townships</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-78" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-78"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>77<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In May 2003, a ban on using car horns was implemented in six townships of Downtown Yangon to reduce <a href="/wiki/Noise_pollution" title="Noise pollution">noise pollution</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-symo_79-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-symo-79"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>78<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In April 2004, the car horn ban was expanded to cover the entire city.<sup id="cite_ref-symo_79-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-symo-79"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>78<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On 16 January 2017, as part of public transport reforms, city bus network system <a href="/wiki/Yangon_Bus_Service" title="Yangon Bus Service">Yangon Bus Service</a> (YBS) was created by the <a href="/wiki/Yangon_Region_Transport_Authority" title="Yangon Region Transport Authority">Yangon Region Transport Authority</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-80" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-80"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>79<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On 20 May 2021, YRTA was reorganized as Yangon Region Transport Committee (YRTC).<sup id="cite_ref-81" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-81"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>80<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> YBS is claimed to be a disabled-friendly bus service and have a card payment system.<sup id="cite_ref-82" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-82"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>81<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-83" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-83"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>82<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Since January 2019, passengers can either pay with cash or smart cards through the machines installed near the driver seat on the bus. As of January 2022, it is claimed that card machines are installed on more than 1900 buses.<sup id="cite_ref-84" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-84"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>83<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ride hailing services operated by private corporations such as <a href="/wiki/Uber" title="Uber">Uber</a> and <a href="/wiki/Grab_(company)" class="mw-redirect" title="Grab (company)">Grab</a> are also available in Yangon today.<sup id="cite_ref-85" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-85"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>84<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="River">River</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Yangon&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: River"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Yangon_Water_Bus_(28165468177).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Yangon_Water_Bus_%2828165468177%29.jpg/220px-Yangon_Water_Bus_%2828165468177%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Yangon_Water_Bus_%2828165468177%29.jpg/330px-Yangon_Water_Bus_%2828165468177%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Yangon_Water_Bus_%2828165468177%29.jpg/440px-Yangon_Water_Bus_%2828165468177%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="768" /></a><figcaption>Yangon Water Bus plies the Yangon (Hlaing) River between Botahtaung and Insein every hour throughout the day</figcaption></figure> <p>Yangon's four main passenger jetties, all located on or near downtown waterfront, mainly serve local ferries across the river to <a href="/wiki/Dala_Township" title="Dala Township">Dala</a> and <a href="/wiki/Thanlyin" title="Thanlyin">Thanlyin</a>, and regional ferries to the <a href="/wiki/Irrawaddy_delta" class="mw-redirect" title="Irrawaddy delta">Irrawaddy delta</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-86" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-86"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>85<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The 22-mile (35 km) <a href="/wiki/Twante_Canal" title="Twante Canal">Twante Canal</a> was the quickest route from Yangon to the Irrawaddy delta until the 1990s when roads between Yangon and the Irrawaddy Division became usable year-round. While passenger ferries to the delta are still used, those to Upper Burma via the Irrawaddy river are now limited mostly to tourist river cruises. In October 2017, a New Yangon Water Bus was launched.<sup id="cite_ref-87" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-87"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>86<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Demographics">Demographics</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Yangon&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Demographics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1261442011">.mw-parser-output .abbr-header{white-space:nowrap}.mw-parser-output .caption-purple{border:1px #a2a9b1 solid;border-bottom:none;background-color:lavender}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .caption-purple{background:inherit!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .caption-purple{background:inherit!important}}.mw-parser-output .table-pale{border:1px #a2a9b1 solid;border-top:none;background-color:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);padding:5px}@media screen and (max-width:640px){.mw-parser-output .table-pale{border-top:1px #a2a9b1 solid!important}.mw-parser-output .caption-purple{border:none}}</style><table class="table-pale" style="width:15em;border-top-width:0;border-spacing: 0;float:right;clear:right;margin:0.5em 0 1em 0.5em;"><caption class="caption-purple" style="padding:0.25em;font-weight:bold">Historical population</caption><tbody><tr style="font-size:95%"><th style="border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);padding:1px;width:3em">Year</th><th style="border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);padding:1px 2px;text-align:right"><abbr title="Population" class="abbr-header">Pop.</abbr></th><th style="border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);padding:1px;text-align:right"><abbr title="Percent change" class="abbr-header">±%</abbr></th></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px"> 1824</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">10,000</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">—    </td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px"> 1856</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">46,000</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+360.0%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px"> 1872</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">100,000</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+117.4%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px"> 1881</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">165,000</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+65.0%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb"> 1891</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">181,000</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">+9.7%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px"> 1901</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">248,000</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+37.0%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px"> 1911</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">295,000</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+19.0%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px"> 1921</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">340,000</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+15.3%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px"> 1931</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">400,000</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+17.6%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb"> 1941</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">500,000</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">+25.0%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px"> 1950</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">1,302,000</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+160.4%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px"> 1960</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">1,592,000</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+22.3%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px"> 1970</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">1,946,000</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+22.2%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px"> 1980</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">2,378,000</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+22.2%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb"> 1990</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">2,907,000</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">+22.2%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px"> 2000</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">3,553,000</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+22.2%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px"> 2010</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">5,348,000</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+50.5%</td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="border-top:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);font-size:85%;text-align:left">Sources: 1846,<sup id="cite_ref-mcy_20-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mcy-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 1872–1941,<sup id="cite_ref-tmmt_26-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-tmmt-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 1950–2025<sup id="cite_ref-un_88-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-un-88"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>87<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Yangon is the most populous city by far in Myanmar. According to the 2014 census, the city had a population of 5.16 million.<sup id="cite_ref-census-2014-18_89-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-census-2014-18-89"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>88<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The city's population grew sharply after 1948 as many people (mainly, the indigenous Burmese) from other parts of the country moved into the newly built satellite towns of North Okkalapa, South Okkalapa, and Thaketa in the 1950s and East Dagon, North Dagon and South Dagon in the 1990s.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (December 2022)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> Immigrants have founded their regional associations (such as Mandalay Association, Mawlamyaing Association, etc.) in Yangon for networking purposes. The government's decision to move the nation's administrative capital to Naypyidaw has drained an unknown number of civil servants away from Yangon. </p><p>The city's femboy population also grew in size after the <a href="/wiki/2021_Myanmar_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="2021 Myanmar coup d'état">2021 coup d'état</a>. Femboy culture in Myanmar grew in size after <a href="/wiki/Myanmar" title="Myanmar">Myanmar</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Myanmar_protests_(2021%E2%80%93present)" title="Myanmar protests (2021–present)">Spring Revolution</a>. Protestors against the ruling <a href="/wiki/Military_junta" title="Military junta">military junta</a> wore gender-nonconforming outfits the which was previously unfamiliar to Myanmar, as a tactic to lead towards a "social and cultural ideological revolution".<sup id="cite_ref-90" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-90"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>89<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/ISEAS_%E2%80%93_Yusof_Ishak_Institute" title="ISEAS – Yusof Ishak Institute">ISEAS – Yusof Ishak Institute</a> described femboy activity against the junta as causing "subversion of its assertion of rule", drawing comparison to <a href="/wiki/Opposition_to_United_States_involvement_in_the_Vietnam_War" title="Opposition to United States involvement in the Vietnam War">opposition to United States involvement in the Vietnam War</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Anti-war_movement" title="Anti-war movement">anti-war</a> "<a href="/wiki/Make_love,_not_war" title="Make love, not war">make love, not war</a>" slogan.<sup id="cite_ref-91" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-91"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>90<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Yangon is the most ethnically diverse city in the country. While <a href="/wiki/Burmese_Indians" title="Burmese Indians">Indians</a> formed the slight majority prior to World War II,<sup id="cite_ref-tmmt_26-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-tmmt-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> today, the majority of the population is of indigenous <a href="/wiki/Bamar" class="mw-redirect" title="Bamar">Bamar</a> (Burman) descent. Large communities of Indians Burmese and the <a href="/wiki/Chinese_people_in_Burma" class="mw-redirect" title="Chinese people in Burma">Chinese Burmese</a> exist, especially in the traditional downtown neighborhoods. A large number of <a href="/wiki/Rakhine_people" title="Rakhine people">Rakhine</a>, <a href="/wiki/Karen_people" title="Karen people">Karen</a> and Femboys<sup id="cite_ref-92" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-92"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>91<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> also live in the city. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Burmese_language" title="Burmese language">Burmese</a> is the principal language of the city. English is by far the preferred second language of the educated class. In recent years, however, the prospect of overseas job opportunities has enticed some to study other languages: <a href="/wiki/Standard_Chinese" title="Standard Chinese">Mandarin Chinese</a> is most popular, followed by Japanese, and French.<sup id="cite_ref-lang_93-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-lang-93"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>92<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Religions">Religions</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Yangon&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Religions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The primary religions practised in Yangon are <a href="/wiki/Buddhism" title="Buddhism">Buddhism</a>, <a href="/wiki/Christianity" title="Christianity">Christianity</a>, <a href="/wiki/Islam" title="Islam">Islam</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Hinduism" title="Hinduism">Hinduism</a>. Shwedagon Pagoda is a famous religious landmark in the city. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Media">Media</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Yangon&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Media"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Yangon is the country's hub for the movie, music, advertising, newspaper, and book publishing industries, and is the country's cultural center. All media is heavily regulated by the military government. Television broadcasting is off-limits to the private sector. All media content must first be approved by the government's media censor board, <a href="/wiki/Press_Scrutiny_and_Registration_Division" title="Press Scrutiny and Registration Division">Press Scrutiny and Registration Division</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-autogenerated1_94-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-autogenerated1-94"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>93<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Most television channels in the country are broadcast from Yangon. <a href="/wiki/MRTV_(TV_network)" title="MRTV (TV network)">MRTV</a> and <a href="/wiki/Myawaddy_TV" title="Myawaddy TV">Myawaddy TV</a> are the two main channels, providing Burmese-language news and entertainment programs. Other special interest channels are MWD-1 and MWD-2, <a href="/wiki/Myanmar_International" title="Myanmar International">MITV</a>, the English-language channel that targets overseas audiences via satellite and via internet, <a href="/wiki/MRTV-4" title="MRTV-4">MRTV-4</a> and Channel 7 (Yangon) are with a focus on non-formal education programs and movies, and Movie 5, a pay-TV channel specializing in broadcasting foreign movies.<sup id="cite_ref-95" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-95"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>94<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Yangon has three radio stations. <a href="/wiki/Myanmar_Radio" title="Myanmar Radio">Myanmar Radio</a> is the national radio service and broadcasts mostly in Burmese and in English during specific times. Pop culture-oriented <a href="/wiki/Yangon_City_FM" title="Yangon City FM">Yangon City FM</a> and <a href="/wiki/Mandalay_City_FM" class="mw-redirect" title="Mandalay City FM">Mandalay City FM</a> radio stations specialize in Burmese and English pop music, entertainment programs, live celebrity interviews, etc. New radio channels such as Shwe FM and Pyinsawaddy FM can also be tuned with the city area. </p><p>Nearly all print media and industries are based out of Yangon. All three national newspapers – two Burmese language dailies <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_Light_of_Myanmar" class="mw-redirect" title="The New Light of Myanmar">Myanma Alin</a></i> (<span title="Burmese-language text"><span lang="my">မြန်မာ့အလင်း</span></span>) and <i><a href="/wiki/Kyemon" title="Kyemon">Kyemon</a></i> (<span title="Burmese-language text"><span lang="my">ကြေးမုံ</span></span>), and the English language <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_Light_of_Myanmar" class="mw-redirect" title="The New Light of Myanmar">The New Light of Myanmar</a></i> – are published by the government. Semi-governmental <i><a href="/wiki/The_Myanmar_Times" title="The Myanmar Times">The Myanmar Times</a></i> weekly, published in Burmese and in English, is mainly geared for Yangon's expatriate community. There are over 20 special interest journals and magazines covering sports, fashion, finance, crime, and literature (but never politics). </p><p>Access to foreign media is extremely difficult. Satellite television in Yangon, and in Burma, is very expensive as the government imposes an annual registration fee of <a href="/wiki/Burmese_kyat" class="mw-redirect" title="Burmese kyat">Ks.</a>10,00,000/-, equivalent to around U$600/year.<sup id="cite_ref-autogenerated1_94-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-autogenerated1-94"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>93<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Certain foreign newspapers and periodicals such as the <i><a href="/wiki/Straits_Times" class="mw-redirect" title="Straits Times">Straits Times</a></i> can be found only in a few (mostly downtown) bookstores. Internet access in Yangon, which has the best telecommunication infrastructure in the country, is slow and erratic at best, and the Burmese government implements one of the world's most restrictive regimes of internet control.<sup id="cite_ref-oni_96-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-oni-96"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>95<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> International text messaging and voice messaging was permitted only in August 2008.<sup id="cite_ref-sms_97-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sms-97"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>96<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information on the former daily newspaper: <a href="/wiki/Kommyunit_Nezin" title="Kommyunit Nezin">Kommyunit Nezin</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Communication">Communication</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Yangon&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Communication"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Common facilities taken for granted elsewhere are luxury prized items in Yangon and Burma. The price of a <a href="/wiki/GSM" title="GSM">GSM</a> mobile phone was about K1.1 million in August 2008.<sup id="cite_ref-sms_97-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sms-97"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>96<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2007, the country of 55 million had only 775,000 phone lines (including 275,000 mobile phones),<sup id="cite_ref-ict_98-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ict-98"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>97<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-99" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-99"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>98<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and 400,000 computers.<sup id="cite_ref-ict_98-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ict-98"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>97<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Even in Yangon, which has the best infrastructure, the estimated telephone penetration rate was only 6% at the end of 2004, and the official waiting time for a telephone line was 3.6 years.<sup id="cite_ref-100" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-100"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>99<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Most people cannot afford a computer and have to use the city's numerous Internet cafes to access a heavily restricted internet, and a heavily censored local intranet.<sup id="cite_ref-oni_96-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-oni-96"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>95<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to official statistics, in July 2010, the country had over 400,000 internet users, with the vast majority hailing from just two cities, Yangon and Mandalay. Although internet access was available in 42 cities across the country, the number of users outside the two main cities was just over 10,000.<sup id="cite_ref-bw-Internet_101-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bw-Internet-101"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>100<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Lifestyle">Lifestyle</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Yangon&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Lifestyle"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Karaweik_at_night.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Karaweik_at_night.jpg/220px-Karaweik_at_night.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Karaweik_at_night.jpg/330px-Karaweik_at_night.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Karaweik_at_night.jpg/440px-Karaweik_at_night.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="853" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Karaweik" title="Karaweik">Karaweik</a> at night time, at <a href="/wiki/Kandawgyi_Lake" title="Kandawgyi Lake">Kandawgyi Lake</a>, which is one of a few major recreational parks in Yangon</figcaption></figure> <p>Yangon's property market is the most expensive in the country and beyond the reach of most Yangonites. Most rent outside the centre and few can afford to rent such apartments. (In 2008, rents for a typical 650-to-750-square-foot (60 to 70 m<sup>2</sup>) apartments in the centre and vicinity range between K70,000 and K150,000 and those for high end condos between K200,000 and K500,000.)<sup id="cite_ref-102" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-102"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>101<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Hindu_temple_procession_cart,_Yangon.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Hindu_temple_procession_cart%2C_Yangon.jpg/220px-Hindu_temple_procession_cart%2C_Yangon.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Hindu_temple_procession_cart%2C_Yangon.jpg/330px-Hindu_temple_procession_cart%2C_Yangon.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Hindu_temple_procession_cart%2C_Yangon.jpg/440px-Hindu_temple_procession_cart%2C_Yangon.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3264" data-file-height="2448" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Hinduism_in_Southeast_Asia" title="Hinduism in Southeast Asia">Hindu</a> temple procession cart</figcaption></figure> <p>Yangon is home to <a href="/wiki/Pagoda_festival" title="Pagoda festival">pagoda festivals</a> (<i>paya pwe</i>), held during dry-season months (November – March). The most famous of all, the Shwedagon Pagoda Festival in March, attracts thousands of pilgrims from around the country. </p><p><a href="/wiki/List_of_museums_in_Yangon" title="List of museums in Yangon">Yangon's museums</a> are the domain of tourists and rarely visited by the locals. </p><p>Most of Yangon's larger hotels offer nightlife entertainment, geared towards tourists and the well-to-do Burmese. Some hotels offer traditional Burmese performing arts shows complete with a traditional Burmese orchestra. The pub scene in larger hotels is more or less the same as elsewhere in Asia. Other options include karaoke bars and pub restaurants in Yangon <a href="/wiki/Chinatown" title="Chinatown">Chinatown</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sports">Sports</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Yangon&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: Sports"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Home_of_Asian_Lions.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Home_of_Asian_Lions.jpg/220px-Home_of_Asian_Lions.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="124" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Home_of_Asian_Lions.jpg/330px-Home_of_Asian_Lions.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Home_of_Asian_Lions.jpg/440px-Home_of_Asian_Lions.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3840" data-file-height="2160" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Thuwunna_Stadium" title="Thuwunna Stadium">Thuwunna Stadium</a></figcaption></figure> <p>As the city has the best sporting facilities in the country, most national-level annual sporting tournaments such as track and field, football, volleyball, tennis and swimming are held in Yangon. The 40,000-seat <a href="/wiki/Aung_San_Stadium" class="mw-redirect" title="Aung San Stadium">Aung San Stadium</a> and the 32,000-seat <a href="/wiki/Thuwunna_Stadium" title="Thuwunna Stadium">Thuwunna Stadium</a> are the main venues for the popular annual State and Division football tournament. Until April 2009, the now-defunct <a href="/wiki/Myanmar_Premier_League" title="Myanmar Premier League">Myanmar Premier League</a>, consisted of 16 Yangon-based clubs,<sup id="cite_ref-103" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-103"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>102<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> played all its matches in Yangon stadiums, and attracted little interest from the general public or commercial success despite the enormous popularity of football in Burma. Most Yangonites prefer watching European football on satellite TV. Teams such as Manchester United, Liverpool, Chelsea, Real Madrid, Barcelona, Bayern Munich, and Manchester City are among the favorite European teams among the Yangonites. It remains to be seen whether the <a href="/wiki/Myanmar_National_League" title="Myanmar National League">Myanmar National League</a>, the country's first professional football league, and its Yangon-based club <a href="/wiki/Yangon_United_FC" class="mw-redirect" title="Yangon United FC">Yangon United FC</a> will attract a sufficient following in the country's most important media market. </p><p>Yangon is also home to annual the Myanmar Open golf tournament, and the Myanmar Open tennis tournament. The city hosted the 1961 and 1969 <a href="/wiki/South_East_Asian_Games" class="mw-redirect" title="South East Asian Games">South East Asian Games</a>. During colonial times, <a href="/wiki/Cricket" title="Cricket">cricket</a> was played mostly by British officials in the city. <a href="/wiki/First-class_cricket" title="First-class cricket">First-class cricket</a> was played in the city in January 1927 when the touring <a href="/wiki/Marylebone_Cricket_Club" title="Marylebone Cricket Club">Marylebone Cricket Club</a> played <a href="/wiki/Burma_national_cricket_team" class="mw-redirect" title="Burma national cricket team">Burma</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Rangoon_Gymkhana_cricket_team" title="Rangoon Gymkhana cricket team">Rangoon Gymkhana</a>. Two grounds were used to host these matches, the <a href="/wiki/BAA_Ground" title="BAA Ground">BAA Ground</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Gymkhana_Ground,_Rangoon" title="Gymkhana Ground, Rangoon">Gymkhana Ground</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-104" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-104"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>103<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-105" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-105"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>104<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> These matches mark the only time Burma and Rangoon Gymkhana have appeared in first-class cricket, and the only time first-class cricket has been played in Burma. After independence cricket all but died out in the country. </p><p>Yangon has a growing population of skateboarders, as documented in the films Altered Focus: Burma and Youth of Yangon. German non-profit organization <a href="/wiki/Make_Life_Skate_Life" title="Make Life Skate Life">Make Life Skate Life</a> has received permission from the <a href="/wiki/Yangon_City_Development_Committee" title="Yangon City Development Committee">Yangon City Development Committee</a> to construct a concrete skatepark at <a href="/wiki/Thakin_Mya" title="Thakin Mya">Thakin Mya</a> park in downtown. The park was completed in 2015 and is available free of charge to anyone in the city.<sup id="cite_ref-106" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-106"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>105<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Economy">Economy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Yangon&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: Economy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:01-rio-yangon-d03.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/01-rio-yangon-d03.jpg/220px-01-rio-yangon-d03.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/01-rio-yangon-d03.jpg/330px-01-rio-yangon-d03.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/01-rio-yangon-d03.jpg/440px-01-rio-yangon-d03.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1536" /></a><figcaption>Cargo ships on the shores of Yangon River, just offshore of Downtown Yangon</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Yangon-Markt-04-Marktfrauen-1976-gje.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Yangon-Markt-04-Marktfrauen-1976-gje.jpg/220px-Yangon-Markt-04-Marktfrauen-1976-gje.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="335" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Yangon-Markt-04-Marktfrauen-1976-gje.jpg/330px-Yangon-Markt-04-Marktfrauen-1976-gje.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Yangon-Markt-04-Marktfrauen-1976-gje.jpg/440px-Yangon-Markt-04-Marktfrauen-1976-gje.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2365" data-file-height="3600" /></a><figcaption>A street market in 1976</figcaption></figure> <p>Yangon is the country's main center for trade, industry, real estate, media, entertainment and tourism. The city represents about one fifth of the <a href="/wiki/Gross_domestic_product" title="Gross domestic product">national economy</a>. According to official statistics for <a href="/wiki/Fiscal_year" title="Fiscal year">FY</a> 2010–2011, the size of the economy of Yangon Region was 8.93 trillion kyats, or 23% of the national GDP.<sup id="cite_ref-mt-_107-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mt--107"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>106<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Yangon_Pansodan_overpass.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Yangon_Pansodan_overpass.jpg/220px-Yangon_Pansodan_overpass.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Yangon_Pansodan_overpass.jpg/330px-Yangon_Pansodan_overpass.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Yangon_Pansodan_overpass.jpg/440px-Yangon_Pansodan_overpass.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4200" data-file-height="2800" /></a><figcaption>Traffic congestion in Yangon</figcaption></figure> <p>The city is Lower Burma's main trading hub for all kinds of merchandise – from basic foodstuffs to used cars although commerce continues to be hampered by the city's severely underdeveloped banking industry and communication infrastructure. <a href="/wiki/Bayinnaung_Market" title="Bayinnaung Market">Bayinnaung Market</a> is the largest wholesale center in the country for rice, <a href="/wiki/Beans" class="mw-redirect" title="Beans">beans</a> and <a href="/wiki/Pulses" class="mw-redirect" title="Pulses">pulses</a>, and other agricultural commodities.<sup id="cite_ref-bm_108-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bm-108"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>107<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Much of the country's legal imports and exports go through <a href="/wiki/Thilawa_Port" title="Thilawa Port">Thilawa Port</a>, the largest and busiest port in Burma. There is also a great deal of informal trade, especially in street markets that exist alongside street platforms of Downtown Yangon's townships. However, on 17 June 2011, the YCDC announced that street vendors, who had previously been allowed to legally open shop at 3  pm, would be prohibited from selling on the streets, and permitted to sell only in their townships of residence.<sup id="cite_ref-109" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-109"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>108<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Since 1 December 2009, <a href="/wiki/High-density_polyethylene" title="High-density polyethylene">high-density polyethylene</a> <a href="/wiki/Plastic_bag" title="Plastic bag">plastic bags</a> have been banned by city authorities.<sup id="cite_ref-110" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-110"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>109<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Manufacturing accounts for a sizeable share of employment. At least 14 light <a href="/wiki/Industrial_park" title="Industrial park">industrial zones</a> ring Yangon,<sup id="cite_ref-iz_111-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-iz-111"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>110<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> directly employing over 150,000 workers in 4,300 factories in early 2010.<sup id="cite_ref-112" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-112"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>111<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The city is the centre of country's garment industry which exported US$292 million in 2008/9 fiscal year. More than 80 percent of factory workers in Yangon work on a day-to-day basis. Most are young women between 15 and 27 years of age who come from the countryside in search of a better life.<sup id="cite_ref-113" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-113"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>112<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The manufacturing sector suffers from both structural problems (e.g. chronic power shortages) and political problems (e.g. economic sanctions). In 2008, Yangon's 2500 factories alone needed about 120 MW of power;<sup id="cite_ref-HTIZ_114-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HTIZ-114"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>113<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> yet, the entire city received only about 250 MW of the 530 MW needed.<sup id="cite_ref-115" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-115"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>114<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Chronic power shortages limit the factories' operating hours between 8 am and 6 pm.<sup id="cite_ref-iz_night_116-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-iz_night-116"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>115<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Construction is a major source of employment. The construction industry has been negatively affected by the move of state apparatus and civil servants to Naypyidaw,<sup id="cite_ref-property_117-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-property-117"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>116<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> new regulations introduced in August 2009 requiring builders to provide at least 12 parking spaces in every new high-rise building, and the general poor business climate. As of January 2010, the number of new high-rise building starts approved in 2009–2010 was only 334, compared to 582 in 2008–2009.<sup id="cite_ref-mt-bldg-slowdown_118-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mt-bldg-slowdown-118"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>117<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Tourism represents a major source of foreign currency for the city although by south-east Asian standards the number of foreign visitors to Yangon has always been quite low—about 250,000 before the <a href="/wiki/Saffron_Revolution" title="Saffron Revolution">Saffron Revolution</a> in September 2007. The number of visitors dipped even further following the Saffron Revolution and <a href="/wiki/Cyclone_Nargis" title="Cyclone Nargis">Cyclone Nargis</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-119" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-119"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>118<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The recent improvement in the country's political climate has attracted an increasing number of businessmen and tourists. Between 300,000 and 400,000 visitors that went through Yangon International in 2011. However, after years of underinvestment, Yangon's modest hotel infrastructure—only 3000 of the total 8000 hotel rooms in Yangon are "suitable for tourists"—is already bursting at seams, and will need to be expanded to handle additional visitors.<sup id="cite_ref-120" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-120"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>119<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As part of an urban development strategy, a hotel zone has been planned in Yangon's outskirts, encompassing government- and military-owned land in <a href="/wiki/Mingaladon_Township" title="Mingaladon Township">Mingaladon</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hlegu_Township" title="Hlegu Township">Hlegu</a> and Htaukkyant Townships.<sup id="cite_ref-121" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-121"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>120<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Education">Education</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Yangon&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: Education"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/List_of_universities_and_colleges_in_Yangon" title="List of universities and colleges in Yangon">List of universities and colleges in Yangon</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Main_building_of_the_University_of_Medicine_1,_Yangon,_2009.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Main_building_of_the_University_of_Medicine_1%2C_Yangon%2C_2009.jpg/220px-Main_building_of_the_University_of_Medicine_1%2C_Yangon%2C_2009.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Main_building_of_the_University_of_Medicine_1%2C_Yangon%2C_2009.jpg/330px-Main_building_of_the_University_of_Medicine_1%2C_Yangon%2C_2009.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Main_building_of_the_University_of_Medicine_1%2C_Yangon%2C_2009.jpg/440px-Main_building_of_the_University_of_Medicine_1%2C_Yangon%2C_2009.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1536" /></a><figcaption>University of Medicine 1</figcaption></figure> <p>Yangon educational facilities has a very high number of qualified teachers but the state spending on education is among the lowest of the world.<sup id="cite_ref-122" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-122"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>121<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Around 2007 estimate by the London-based International Institute for Strategic Studies puts the spending for education at 0.5% of the national budget.<sup id="cite_ref-dumber_123-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-dumber-123"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>122<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The disparity in educational opportunities and achievement between rich and poor schools is quite stark even within the city. With little or no state support forthcoming, schools have to rely on forced "donations" and fees from parents for nearly everything – school maintenance to teachers' salaries,<sup id="cite_ref-dvb-edu_124-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-dvb-edu-124"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>123<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> forcing many poor students to drop out. </p><p>While many students in poor districts fail to reach <a href="/wiki/High_schools_in_Burma" class="mw-redirect" title="High schools in Burma">high school</a>, a handful of Yangon high schools in wealthier districts such as <a href="/wiki/BEHS_1_Dagon" class="mw-redirect" title="BEHS 1 Dagon">Dagon 1</a>, <a href="/wiki/BEHS_2_Sanchaung" class="mw-redirect" title="BEHS 2 Sanchaung">Sanchaung 2</a>, <a href="/wiki/Basic_Education_High_School_No._2_Kamayut" title="Basic Education High School No. 2 Kamayut">Kamayut 2</a>, <a href="/wiki/BEHS_2_Bahan" class="mw-redirect" title="BEHS 2 Bahan">Bahan 2</a>, <a href="/wiki/BEHS_2_Latha" class="mw-redirect" title="BEHS 2 Latha">Latha 2</a>, and <a href="/wiki/TTC_Yangon" class="mw-redirect" title="TTC Yangon">TTC</a> provide the majority of students admitted to the most selective universities in the country, highlighting the extreme shallowness of talent pool in the country.<sup id="cite_ref-125" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-125"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>124<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The wealthy bypass the state education system altogether, sending their children to private English language instruction schools such as YIEC or more widely known as ISM, or abroad (typically Singapore or Australia) for university education.<sup id="cite_ref-126" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-126"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>125<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2014, international schools in Yangon cost at least US$8,000 a year.<sup id="cite_ref-st_127-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-st-127"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>126<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>There are over 20 universities and colleges in the city. While <a href="/wiki/Yangon_University" class="mw-redirect" title="Yangon University">Yangon University</a> remains the best known (its main campus is a part of popular Burmese culture e.g. literature, music, film, etc.), the nation's oldest university is now mostly a graduate school, deprived of undergraduate studies. Following the 1988 nationwide uprising, the military government has repeatedly closed universities, and has dispersed most of the undergraduate student population to new universities in the suburbs such as <a href="/wiki/Dagon_University" title="Dagon University">Dagon University</a>, the <a href="/wiki/University_of_East_Yangon" class="mw-redirect" title="University of East Yangon">University of East Yangon</a> and the <a href="/wiki/University_of_West_Yangon" title="University of West Yangon">University of West Yangon</a>. Nonetheless, many of the country's most selective universities are still in Yangon. Students from around the country still have to come to study in Yangon as some subjects are offered only at its universities. The <a href="/wiki/University_of_Medicine_1,_Yangon" title="University of Medicine 1, Yangon">University of Medicine 1</a>, <a href="/wiki/University_of_Medicine_2,_Yangon" title="University of Medicine 2, Yangon">University of Medicine 2</a>, <a href="/wiki/Yangon_Technological_University" title="Yangon Technological University">Yangon Technological University</a>, <a href="/wiki/University_of_Computer_Studies,_Yangon" title="University of Computer Studies, Yangon">University of Computer Studies</a> and <a href="/wiki/Myanmar_Maritime_University" title="Myanmar Maritime University">Myanmar Maritime University</a> are the most selective in the country.<sup id="cite_ref-128" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-128"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>127<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Schools for foreign expatriates include: </p> <ul><li>International School of Myanmar</li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_School_Yangon" title="International School Yangon">International School Yangon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Myanmar_International_School" title="Myanmar International School">Myanmar International School</a></li> <li>Yangon International School</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lyc%C3%A9e_fran%C3%A7ais_international_de_Rangoun_-_Joseph-Kessel&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lycée français international de Rangoun - Joseph-Kessel (page does not exist)">Lycée français international de Rangoun - Joseph-Kessel</a><sup id="cite_ref-129" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-129"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>128<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yangon_Japanese_School" title="Yangon Japanese School">Yangon Japanese School</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Health_care">Health care</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Yangon&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: Health care"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/List_of_hospitals_in_Yangon" title="List of hospitals in Yangon">List of hospitals in Yangon</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:General_Hospital,_Yangon.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/General_Hospital%2C_Yangon.jpg/220px-General_Hospital%2C_Yangon.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/General_Hospital%2C_Yangon.jpg/330px-General_Hospital%2C_Yangon.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/General_Hospital%2C_Yangon.jpg/440px-General_Hospital%2C_Yangon.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1200" /></a><figcaption>Yangon General Hospital</figcaption></figure> <p>The general state of health care in Yangon is poor. According to a 2007 estimate, the military government spends 0.4% of the national budget on health care, and 40% to 60% on defence.<sup id="cite_ref-dumber_123-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-dumber-123"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>122<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> By the government's own figures, it spends 849 kyats (US$0.85) per person.<sup id="cite_ref-malpractice_130-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-malpractice-130"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>129<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Although health care is nominally free, in reality, patients have to pay for medicine and treatment, even in public clinics and hospitals. Public hospitals including the flagship <a href="/wiki/Yangon_General_Hospital" title="Yangon General Hospital">Yangon General Hospital</a> lack many of the basic facilities and equipment. </p><p>Wealthier Yangonites still have access to country's best medical facilities and internationally qualified doctors. Only Yangon and <a href="/wiki/Mandalay" title="Mandalay">Mandalay</a> have any sizeable number of doctors left as many Burmese doctors have emigrated. The well-to-do go to private clinics or hospitals like Pun Hlaing International Hospital and Bahosi Medical Clinic.<sup id="cite_ref-131" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-131"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>130<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Medical_malpractice" title="Medical malpractice">Medical malpractice</a> is widespread, even in private clinics and hospitals that serve the well-to-do. In 2009 and 2010, a spate of high-profile deaths<sup id="cite_ref-malpractice_130-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-malpractice-130"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>129<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> brought out the severity of the problem, even for the relatively well off Yangonites. The wealthy do not rely on domestic hospitals and travel abroad, usually <a href="/wiki/Bangkok" title="Bangkok">Bangkok</a> or Singapore, for treatment.<sup id="cite_ref-132" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-132"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>131<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The following are healthcare facilities in Yangon in 2010–2011.<sup id="cite_ref-w11-30yr-plan_72-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-w11-30yr-plan-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th style="width:100px;">FY 2010–2011 </th> <th style="width:100px;">Number of public hospitals </th> <th style="width:100px;">Number of private hospitals </th> <th style="width:100px;">Physician-patient ratio </th></tr> <tr> <td>Eastern District </td> <td>16 </td> <td>10 </td> <td>1:3638 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Western District </td> <td>10 </td> <td>21 </td> <td>1:1400 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Southern District </td> <td>23 </td> <td>1 </td> <td>1:18,176 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Northern District </td> <td>25 </td> <td>5 </td> <td>1:13,647 </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notable_sites">Notable sites</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Yangon&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section: Notable sites"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Shwedagon_Zedi_Daw_Yangon_5.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Shwedagon_Zedi_Daw_Yangon_5.jpg/220px-Shwedagon_Zedi_Daw_Yangon_5.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="342" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Shwedagon_Zedi_Daw_Yangon_5.jpg/330px-Shwedagon_Zedi_Daw_Yangon_5.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Shwedagon_Zedi_Daw_Yangon_5.jpg/440px-Shwedagon_Zedi_Daw_Yangon_5.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3150" data-file-height="4900" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Shwedagon_Pagoda" title="Shwedagon Pagoda">Shwedagon Pagoda</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Sule_Pagoda,_Golden_stupas,_Yangon,_Myanmar.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/Sule_Pagoda%2C_Golden_stupas%2C_Yangon%2C_Myanmar.jpg/220px-Sule_Pagoda%2C_Golden_stupas%2C_Yangon%2C_Myanmar.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/Sule_Pagoda%2C_Golden_stupas%2C_Yangon%2C_Myanmar.jpg/330px-Sule_Pagoda%2C_Golden_stupas%2C_Yangon%2C_Myanmar.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/Sule_Pagoda%2C_Golden_stupas%2C_Yangon%2C_Myanmar.jpg/440px-Sule_Pagoda%2C_Golden_stupas%2C_Yangon%2C_Myanmar.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4000" data-file-height="3000" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Sule_Pagoda" title="Sule Pagoda">Sule Pagoda</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Chauk_Htat_Gyi_Pagoda_1.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Chauk_Htat_Gyi_Pagoda_1.JPG/220px-Chauk_Htat_Gyi_Pagoda_1.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Chauk_Htat_Gyi_Pagoda_1.JPG/330px-Chauk_Htat_Gyi_Pagoda_1.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Chauk_Htat_Gyi_Pagoda_1.JPG/440px-Chauk_Htat_Gyi_Pagoda_1.JPG 2x" data-file-width="6000" data-file-height="4000" /></a><figcaption>Chauk Htat Gyi Pagoda</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:2016_Rangun,_Katedra_Naj%C5%9Bwi%C4%99tszej_Maryi_Panny_(07).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/2016_Rangun%2C_Katedra_Naj%C5%9Bwi%C4%99tszej_Maryi_Panny_%2807%29.jpg/220px-2016_Rangun%2C_Katedra_Naj%C5%9Bwi%C4%99tszej_Maryi_Panny_%2807%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="357" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/2016_Rangun%2C_Katedra_Naj%C5%9Bwi%C4%99tszej_Maryi_Panny_%2807%29.jpg/330px-2016_Rangun%2C_Katedra_Naj%C5%9Bwi%C4%99tszej_Maryi_Panny_%2807%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/2016_Rangun%2C_Katedra_Naj%C5%9Bwi%C4%99tszej_Maryi_Panny_%2807%29.jpg/440px-2016_Rangun%2C_Katedra_Naj%C5%9Bwi%C4%99tszej_Maryi_Panny_%2807%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2264" data-file-height="3674" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/St._Mary%27s_Cathedral,_Yangon" title="St. Mary's Cathedral, Yangon">St Mary's Cathedral at the corner of Bo Aung Kyaw Road</a></figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Pagodas">Pagodas</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Yangon&action=edit&section=29" title="Edit section: Pagodas"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Shwedagon_Pagoda" title="Shwedagon Pagoda">Shwedagon Pagoda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sule_Pagoda" title="Sule Pagoda">Sule Pagoda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Botataung_Pagoda" title="Botataung Pagoda">Botataung Pagoda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chaukhtatgyi_Buddha_Temple" title="Chaukhtatgyi Buddha Temple">Chaukhtatgyi Buddha Temple</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kyauktawgyi_Buddha_Temple_(Yangon)" title="Kyauktawgyi Buddha Temple (Yangon)">Kyauktawgyi Buddha Temple</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaba_Aye_Pagoda" title="Kaba Aye Pagoda">Kaba Aye Pagoda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kyaikkhauk_Pagoda" title="Kyaikkhauk Pagoda">Kyaikkhauk Pagoda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maha_Wizaya_Pagoda" title="Maha Wizaya Pagoda">Maha Wizaya Pagoda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ye_Le_Pagoda" title="Ye Le Pagoda">Ye Le Pagoda</a></li> <li><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:%E1%80%9B%E1%80%BD%E1%80%BE%E1%80%B1%E1%80%98%E1%80%AF%E1%80%94%E1%80%BA%E1%80%B8%E1%80%95%E1%80%BD%E1%80%84%E1%80%B7%E1%80%BA_%E1%80%86%E1%80%AF%E1%80%90%E1%80%B1%E1%80%AC%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%B8%E1%80%95%E1%80%BC%E1%80%8A%E1%80%B7%E1%80%BA%E1%80%98%E1%80%AF%E1%80%9B%E1%80%AC%E1%80%B8.jpg" class="extiw" title="c:File:ရွှေဘုန်းပွင့် ဆုတောင်းပြည့်ဘုရား.jpg">Shwe Pone Pwint Pagoda</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Recreation">Recreation</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Yangon&action=edit&section=30" title="Edit section: Recreation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Taukkyan_War_Cemetery" title="Taukkyan War Cemetery">Allied War Memorial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bogyoke_Market" title="Bogyoke Market">Bogyoke Market</a> (Scott's Market)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hlawga_National_Park" class="mw-redirect" title="Hlawga National Park">Hlawga National Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inya_Lake" title="Inya Lake">Inya Lake</a> (formerly Lake Victoria)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kandawgyi_Lake" title="Kandawgyi Lake">Kandawgyi Lake</a> (formerly Royal Lake)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kandawmin_Garden_Mausolea" title="Kandawmin Garden Mausolea">Kandawmin Garden Mausolea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maha_Bandula_Park" title="Maha Bandula Park">Maha Bandula Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martyrs%27_Mausoleum" title="Martyrs' Mausoleum">Martyrs' Mausoleum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/People%27s_Square_and_Park" title="People's Square and Park">People's Square and Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Mary%27s_Cathedral,_Yangon" class="mw-redirect" title="Saint Mary's Cathedral, Yangon">St Mary's Cathedral</a></li> <li>Sain Lan So Pyae Garden</li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Yangon" title="University of Yangon">Yangon University</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yangon_Zoological_Gardens" title="Yangon Zoological Gardens">Yangon Zoological Gardens</a> (Yangon Zoo)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Museums_and_art_galleries">Museums and art galleries</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Yangon&action=edit&section=31" title="Edit section: Museums and art galleries"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For a more comprehensive list, see <a href="/wiki/List_of_museums_in_Yangon" title="List of museums in Yangon">List of museums in Yangon</a>.</div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/National_Museum_of_Myanmar" class="mw-redirect" title="National Museum of Myanmar">National Museum of Myanmar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Myanmar_Gems_Museum" title="Myanmar Gems Museum">Myanmar Gems Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bogyoke_Aung_San_Museum" title="Bogyoke Aung San Museum">Bogyoke Aung San Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yangon_Drugs_Elimination_Museum" title="Yangon Drugs Elimination Museum">Yangon Drugs Elimination Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yangon_Planetarium" title="Yangon Planetarium">Yangon Planetarium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yangon_City_Hall" title="Yangon City Hall">Yangon City Hall</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Concert_halls_and_theatres">Concert halls and theatres</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Yangon&action=edit&section=32" title="Edit section: Concert halls and theatres"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Yangon_National_Theatre" class="mw-redirect" title="Yangon National Theatre">Yangon National Theatre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Myanmar_Convention_Centre" title="Myanmar Convention Centre">Myanmar Convention Centre</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notable_people">Notable people</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Yangon&action=edit&section=33" title="Edit section: Notable people"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Category:People_from_Yangon" title="Category:People from Yangon">Category:People from Yangon</a></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nick_Drake" title="Nick Drake">Nick Drake</a>, English singer-songwriter</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Annabella_Lwin" title="Annabella Lwin">Annabella Lwin</a>, lead vocalist of English <a href="/wiki/New_wave_music" title="New wave music">new wave music</a> band <a href="/wiki/Bow_Wow_Wow" title="Bow Wow Wow">Bow Wow Wow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Honey_Nway_Oo" title="Honey Nway Oo">Honey Nway Oo</a>, prominent revolutionary in Myanmar</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giorgi_Pirtskhalava" title="Giorgi Pirtskhalava">Giorgi Pirtskhalava</a> (born 1965), retired Georgian professional football player</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zainulabedin_Gulamhusain_Rangoonwala" title="Zainulabedin Gulamhusain Rangoonwala">Zainulabedin Gulamhusain Rangoonwala</a> (1913–1994), Indian banker</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vijay_Rupani" title="Vijay Rupani">Vijay Rupani</a> (born 1956), Former Chief Minister, Gujarat, India</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aethel_Tollemache" title="Aethel Tollemache">Aethel Tollemache</a> (c. 1875–1955), British suffragette</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sein_Tun" title="Sein Tun">Sein Tun</a> (1939–2011), physicist, university professor and author</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zaw_Lin_Htut" title="Zaw Lin Htut">Zaw Lin Htut</a>, Burmese doctor and politician</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jack_de_Sequeira" title="Jack de Sequeira">Jack de Sequeira</a> (1915–1989), Indian politician and surgeon</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="International_relations">International relations</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Yangon&action=edit&section=34" title="Edit section: International relations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Yangon is a member of the <a href="/wiki/Asian_Network_of_Major_Cities_21" title="Asian Network of Major Cities 21">Asian Network of Major Cities 21</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Twin_towns_–_sister_cities"><span id="Twin_towns_.E2.80.93_sister_cities"></span>Twin towns – sister cities</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Yangon&action=edit&section=35" title="Edit section: Twin towns – sister cities"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Yangon is <a href="/wiki/Sister_city" title="Sister city">twinned</a> with: </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 20em;"> <ul><li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/South_Korea" title="South Korea"><img alt="South Korea" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Flag_of_South_Korea.svg/23px-Flag_of_South_Korea.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Flag_of_South_Korea.svg/35px-Flag_of_South_Korea.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Flag_of_South_Korea.svg/45px-Flag_of_South_Korea.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Busan" title="Busan">Busan</a>, South Korea<sup id="cite_ref-133" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-133"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>132<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Japan" title="Japan"><img alt="Japan" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/45px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Fukuoka" title="Fukuoka">Fukuoka</a>, Japan (2016)<sup id="cite_ref-134" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-134"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>133<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/China" title="China"><img alt="China" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Haikou" title="Haikou">Haikou</a>, China<sup id="cite_ref-135" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-135"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>134<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Vietnam" title="Vietnam"><img alt="Vietnam" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Flag_of_Vietnam.svg/23px-Flag_of_Vietnam.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Flag_of_Vietnam.svg/35px-Flag_of_Vietnam.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Flag_of_Vietnam.svg/45px-Flag_of_Vietnam.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Ho_Chi_Minh_City" title="Ho Chi Minh City">Ho Chi Minh City</a>, Vietnam (2012)<sup id="cite_ref-136" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-136"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>135<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Nepal" title="Nepal"><img alt="Nepal" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Flag_of_Nepal.svg/16px-Flag_of_Nepal.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Flag_of_Nepal.svg/25px-Flag_of_Nepal.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Flag_of_Nepal.svg/33px-Flag_of_Nepal.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="726" data-file-height="885" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Kathmandu" title="Kathmandu">Kathmandu</a>, Nepal<sup id="cite_ref-kathmandu_137-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-kathmandu-137"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>136<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/China" title="China"><img alt="China" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Kunming" title="Kunming">Kunming</a>, China (2008)<sup id="cite_ref-138" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-138"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>137<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/China" title="China"><img alt="China" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Nanning" title="Nanning">Nanning</a>, China (2009)<sup id="cite_ref-139" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-139"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>138<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Philippines" title="Philippines"><img alt="Philippines" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Quezon_City" title="Quezon City">Quezon City</a>, Philippines (2017)<sup id="cite_ref-140" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-140"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>139<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/China" title="China"><img alt="China" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Yangzhou" title="Yangzhou">Yangzhou</a>, China (1997)<sup id="cite_ref-141" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-141"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>140<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Yangon&action=edit&section=36" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rangoon_Development_Trust" title="Rangoon Development Trust">Rangoon Development Trust</a></li></ul> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/COL-city_icon.png/28px-COL-city_icon.png" decoding="async" width="28" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/COL-city_icon.png/42px-COL-city_icon.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/COL-city_icon.png/56px-COL-city_icon.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="500" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Cities" title="Portal:Cities">Cities portal</a></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Flag_of_Myanmar.svg/32px-Flag_of_Myanmar.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="21" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Flag_of_Myanmar.svg/48px-Flag_of_Myanmar.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Flag_of_Myanmar.svg/64px-Flag_of_Myanmar.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Myanmar" title="Portal:Myanmar">Myanmar portal</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Yangon&action=edit&section=37" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="/ˌ/: secondary stress follows">ˌ</span><span title="/j/: 'y' in 'yes'">j</span><span title="/æ/: 'a' in 'bad'">æ</span><span title="/ŋ/: 'ng' in 'sing'">ŋ</span><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="/ɡ/: 'g' in 'guy'">ɡ</span><span title="/ɒ/: 'o' in 'body'">ɒ</span><span title="'n' in 'nigh'">n</span></span>/</a></span></span>; <a href="/wiki/Burmese_language" title="Burmese language">Burmese</a>: <span lang="my">ရန်ကုန်</span>; <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1177148991">.mw-parser-output .IPA-label-small{font-size:85%}.mw-parser-output .references .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .infobox .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .navbox .IPA-label-small{font-size:100%}</style><span class="IPA-label IPA-label-small">pronounced</span> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="my-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Burmese" title="Help:IPA/Burmese">[jàɰ̃.ɡòʊɰ̃]</a></span>, <a href="/wiki/MLC_Transcription_System" title="MLC Transcription System">MLCTS</a> Ranku.an</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Yangon&action=edit&section=38" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-uncrd-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-uncrd_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-uncrd_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-uncrd_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-uncrd_1-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090226114154/http://www.uncrd.or.jp/env/3rd-regional-est-forum/doc/23_Myanmar.pdf">"Third Regional EST Forum: Presentation of Myanmar"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Singapore: Ministry of Transport, Myanmar. 17–19 March 2008. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.uncrd.or.jp/env/3rd-regional-est-forum/doc/23_Myanmar.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 26 February 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Naypyitaw: Ministry of Immigration and Population. May 2015. p. 31. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190507224807/https://drive.google.com/file/d/0B067GBtstE5TeUlIVjRjSjVzWlk/view">Archived</a> from the original on 7 May 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 September</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Census+Report&rft.place=Naypyitaw&rft.series=The+2014+Myanmar+Population+and+Housing+Census&rft.pages=31&rft.pub=Ministry+of+Immigration+and+Population&rft.date=2015-05&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdrive.google.com%2Ffile%2Fd%2F0B067GBtstE5TeUlIVjRjSjVzWlk%2Fview&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYangon" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation cs2"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.eyeonasia.gov.sg/asean-countries/know/overview-of-asean-countries/yangon-a-city-profile/"><i>Yangon - A city profile</i></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Yangon+-+A+city+profile&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.eyeonasia.gov.sg%2Fasean-countries%2Fknow%2Foverview-of-asean-countries%2Fyangon-a-city-profile%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYangon" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"Yangon." <i>Vocabulary.com Dictionary,</i> Vocabulary.com, <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://www.vocabulary.com/dictionary/Yangon">https://www.vocabulary.com/dictionary/Yangon</a> . Accessed 30 Jan. 2024.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">"Rangoon, n.". <i>Oxford English Dictionary</i>. Oxford University Press. 2 March 2023. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1093%2Foed%2F1808019758">10.1093/oed/1808019758</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Rangoon%2C+n.&rft.btitle=Oxford+English+Dictionary&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2023-03-02&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1093%2Foed%2F1808019758&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYangon" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/asia-pacific/4848408.stm">"Burma's new capital stages parade"</a>. <i>BBC News</i>. 27 March 2006. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181203065423/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/asia-pacific/4848408.stm">Archived</a> from the original on 3 December 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 August</span> 2006</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=Burma%27s+new+capital+stages+parade&rft.date=2006-03-27&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.bbc.co.uk%2F2%2Fhi%2Fasia-pacific%2F4848408.stm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYangon" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-bygone-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-bygone_8-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-bygone_8-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMartin2004" class="citation news cs1">Martin, Steven (30 March 2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/asia-pacific/3578993.stm">"Burma maintains bygone buildings"</a>. <i>BBC News</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080408162817/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/asia-pacific/3578993.stm">Archived</a> from the original on 8 April 2008<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 May</span> 2006</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=Burma+maintains+bygone+buildings&rft.date=2004-03-30&rft.aulast=Martin&rft.aufirst=Steven&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.bbc.co.uk%2F2%2Fhi%2Fasia-pacific%2F3578993.stm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYangon" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.npr.org/sections/parallels/2014/06/04/299058830/as-myanmar-modernizes-architectural-gems-are-endangered">"As Myanmar Modernizes, Architectural Gems Are Endangered"</a>. NPR. 4 June 2014. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200615191503/https://www.npr.org/sections/parallels/2014/06/04/299058830/as-myanmar-modernizes-architectural-gems-are-endangered">Archived</a> from the original on 15 June 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 April</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=As+Myanmar+Modernizes%2C+Architectural+Gems+Are+Endangered&rft.date=2014-06-04&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.npr.org%2Fsections%2Fparallels%2F2014%2F06%2F04%2F299058830%2Fas-myanmar-modernizes-architectural-gems-are-endangered&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYangon" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDe_Thabrew2014" class="citation book cs1">De Thabrew, W. Vivian (11 March 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=qGg6AwAAQBAJ&q=sule+pagoda&pg=PA12"><i>Buddhist Monuments And Temples of Myanmar And Thailand</i></a>. AuthorHouse. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4918-9622-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4918-9622-8"><bdi>978-1-4918-9622-8</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 April</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Buddhist+Monuments+And+Temples+of+Myanmar+And+Thailand&rft.pub=AuthorHouse&rft.date=2014-03-11&rft.isbn=978-1-4918-9622-8&rft.aulast=De+Thabrew&rft.aufirst=W.+Vivian&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DqGg6AwAAQBAJ%26q%3Dsule%2Bpagoda%26pg%3DPA12&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYangon" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.myanmar-now.org/news/i/?id=15af2551-98ae-4b69-bc63-9091702da2fa">"Rapid migration and lack of cheap housing fuels Yangon slum growth"</a>. <i>Myanmar Now</i>. 27 February 2016. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160913180352/http://www.myanmar-now.org/news/i/?id=15af2551-98ae-4b69-bc63-9091702da2fa">Archived</a> from the original on 13 September 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 April</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Myanmar+Now&rft.atitle=Rapid+migration+and+lack+of+cheap+housing+fuels+Yangon+slum+growth&rft.date=2016-02-27&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.myanmar-now.org%2Fnews%2Fi%2F%3Fid%3D15af2551-98ae-4b69-bc63-9091702da2fa&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYangon" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWells2008" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/John_C._Wells" title="John C. Wells">Wells, John C.</a> (2008). <i>Longman Pronunciation Dictionary</i> (3rd ed.). Longman. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4058-8118-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4058-8118-0"><bdi>978-1-4058-8118-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Longman+Pronunciation+Dictionary&rft.edition=3rd&rft.pub=Longman&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-1-4058-8118-0&rft.aulast=Wells&rft.aufirst=John+C.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYangon" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKhin_Maung_Saw2009" class="citation web cs1">Khin Maung Saw (2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.academia.edu/25917223">"Burma or Myanmar? Burmese or Burman? Rangoon or Yangon?"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 February</span> 2024</span>. <q>The British in India who used to have contact only with the Arakanese as 'native speakers' of the Burmese language called the city "Rangoon" in their own version of the Arakanese pronunciation 'Ran-gon.'<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span></q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Burma+or+Myanmar%3F+Burmese+or+Burman%3F+Rangoon+or+Yangon%3F&rft.date=2009&rft.au=Khin+Maung+Saw&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.academia.edu%2F25917223&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYangon" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.collinsdictionary.com/dictionary/english/rangoon">"Rangoon"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Collins_English_Dictionary" title="Collins English Dictionary">Collins English Dictionary</a></i>. <a href="/wiki/Glasgow" title="Glasgow">Glasgow</a>: <a href="/wiki/Harper-Collins" class="mw-redirect" title="Harper-Collins">Harper-Collins</a>. n.d<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 February</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Rangoon&rft.btitle=Collins+English+Dictionary&rft.place=Glasgow&rft.pub=Harper-Collins&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.collinsdictionary.com%2Fdictionary%2Fenglish%2Frangoon&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYangon" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Founded during the reign of King Pontarika, per <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCharles_James_Forbes_Smith-Forbes1882" class="citation book cs1">Charles James Forbes Smith-Forbes (1882). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/legendaryhistor00smitgoog"><i>Legendary History of Burma and Arakan</i></a>. The Government Press. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/legendaryhistor00smitgoog/page/n30">20</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Legendary+History+of+Burma+and+Arakan&rft.pages=20&rft.pub=The+Government+Press&rft.date=1882&rft.au=Charles+James+Forbes+Smith-Forbes&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Flegendaryhistor00smitgoog&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYangon" class="Z3988"></span>; the king's reign was 1028 to 1043 per <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHarvey1925" class="citation book cs1">Harvey, G. E. (1925). <i>History of Burma: From the Earliest Times to 10 March 1824</i>. London: Frank Cass & Co. Ltd. p. 368.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=History+of+Burma%3A+From+the+Earliest+Times+to+10+March+1824&rft.place=London&rft.pages=368&rft.pub=Frank+Cass+%26+Co.+Ltd&rft.date=1925&rft.aulast=Harvey&rft.aufirst=G.+E.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYangon" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPan_Hla2005" class="citation book cs1">Pan Hla, Nai (2005) [1968]. <i>Razadarit Ayedawbon (in Burmese) (8th printing, 2005 ed.)</i>. Yangon: Armanthit Sarpay. p. 54.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Razadarit+Ayedawbon+%28in+Burmese%29+%288th+printing%2C+2005+ed.%29&rft.place=Yangon&rft.pages=54&rft.pub=Armanthit+Sarpay&rft.date=2005&rft.aulast=Pan+Hla&rft.aufirst=Nai&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYangon" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMorseMorseConverse1823" class="citation book cs1">Morse, Jedidiah; Morse, Richard C. (Richard Cary); Converse, S. (1823). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/newuniversalgaze00morsrich"><i>A new universal gazetteer, or geographical dictionary .</i></a> University of California Libraries. New Haven, S. Converse.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+new+universal+gazetteer%2C+or+geographical+dictionary+..&rft.pub=New+Haven%2C+S.+Converse&rft.date=1823&rft.aulast=Morse&rft.aufirst=Jedidiah&rft.au=Morse%2C+Richard+C.+%28Richard+Cary%29&rft.au=Converse%2C+S.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fnewuniversalgaze00morsrich&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYangon" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHarvey1925" class="citation book cs1">Harvey, G. E. (1925). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/in.gov.ignca.9463"><i>History of Burma: from the earliest times to March 1824</i></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=History+of+Burma%3A+from+the+earliest+times+to+March+1824&rft.date=1925&rft.aulast=Harvey&rft.aufirst=G.+E.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fin.gov.ignca.9463&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYangon" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGreat_Britain._India_OfficeHunterCottonBurn1907" class="citation book cs1">Great Britain. India Office; Hunter, William Wilson; Cotton, James Sutherland; Burn, Richard; Meyer, William Stevenson (1907). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/imperialgazettee21grea"><i>Imperial gazetteer of India .</i></a> University of California Libraries. Oxford : Clarendon Press.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Imperial+gazetteer+of+India+..&rft.pub=Oxford+%3A+Clarendon+Press&rft.date=1907&rft.au=Great+Britain.+India+Office&rft.au=Hunter%2C+William+Wilson&rft.au=Cotton%2C+James+Sutherland&rft.au=Burn%2C+Richard&rft.au=Meyer%2C+William+Stevenson&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fimperialgazettee21grea&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYangon" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-mcy-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-mcy_20-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-mcy_20-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-mcy_20-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKyaw_Kyaw2006" class="citation book cs1">Kyaw Kyaw (2006). 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Berlin: Lit Verlag. pp. <span class="nowrap">333–</span>334. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3-8258-0042-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-3-8258-0042-0"><bdi>978-3-8258-0042-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Megacity+yangon%3A+transformation+processes+and+modern+developments&rft.place=Berlin&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E333-%3C%2Fspan%3E334&rft.pub=Lit+Verlag&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=978-3-8258-0042-0&rft.au=Kyaw+Kyaw&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYangon" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/asia-pacific/3578993.stm">"BBC NEWS | Asia-Pacific | Burma maintains bygone buildings"</a>. BBC. 30 March 2004. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080408162817/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/asia-pacific/3578993.stm">Archived</a> from the original on 8 April 2008<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 July</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=BBC+NEWS+%7C+Asia-Pacific+%7C+Burma+maintains+bygone+buildings&rft.date=2004-03-30&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.bbc.co.uk%2F2%2Fhi%2Fasia-pacific%2F3578993.stm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYangon" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-in-school/moulmein-first-british-capital-of-myanmar-back-on-the-tourist-map/article5000457.ece">"Moulmein, first British capital of Myanmar, back on the tourist map"</a>. <i>The Hindu</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171020191612/http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-in-school/moulmein-first-british-capital-of-myanmar-back-on-the-tourist-map/article5000457.ece">Archived</a> from the original on 20 October 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 July</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Hindu&rft.atitle=Moulmein%2C+first+British+capital+of+Myanmar%2C+back+on+the+tourist+map&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.thehindu.com%2Ftodays-paper%2Ftp-in-school%2Fmoulmein-first-british-capital-of-myanmar-back-on-the-tourist-map%2Farticle5000457.ece&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYangon" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-autogenerated4-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-autogenerated4_23-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-autogenerated4_23-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20061128201939/http://www.bookrags.com/Yangon">"Yangon Summary Review and Analysis"</a>. 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Haikou. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.haikou.gov.cn/sq/jrhk/yhcs/index_3.html">the original</a> on 22 September 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 May</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=haikou.gov.cn&rft.atitle=%E5%8F%8B%E5%A5%BD%E5%9F%8E%E5%B8%82&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.haikou.gov.cn%2Fsq%2Fjrhk%2Fyhcs%2Findex_3.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYangon" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-136"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-136">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mofahcm.gov.vn/vi/hoptac_qt/nr041014110554/ns150417132533">"Danh sách địa phương nước ngoài kết nghĩa với TpHCM"</a>. <i>mofahcm.gov.vn</i> (in Vietnamese). Ho Chi Minh City. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210607074850/http://www.mofahcm.gov.vn/vi/hoptac_qt/nr041014110554/ns150417132533">Archived</a> from the original on 7 June 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 May</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=mofahcm.gov.vn&rft.atitle=Danh+s%C3%A1ch+%C4%91%E1%BB%8Ba+ph%C6%B0%C6%A1ng+n%C6%B0%E1%BB%9Bc+ngo%C3%A0i+k%E1%BA%BFt+ngh%C4%A9a+v%E1%BB%9Bi+TpHCM&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.mofahcm.gov.vn%2Fvi%2Fhoptac_qt%2Fnr041014110554%2Fns150417132533&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYangon" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-kathmandu-137"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-kathmandu_137-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210507134040/https://old.kathmandu.gov.np/en/content/kmc-international-relationship-sister-cities">"KMC International Relationship With Sister Cities"</a>. <i>kathmandu.gov.np</i>. Kathmandu Metropolitan City. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://old.kathmandu.gov.np/en/content/kmc-international-relationship-sister-cities">the original</a> on 7 May 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 May</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=kathmandu.gov.np&rft.atitle=KMC+International+Relationship+With+Sister+Cities&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fold.kathmandu.gov.np%2Fen%2Fcontent%2Fkmc-international-relationship-sister-cities&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYangon" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-138"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-138">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://kunming.cn/en/sister_cities/index.shtml">"Sister Cities"</a>. <i>kunming.cn</i>. Kunming. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220328080610/https://kunming.cn/en/sister_cities/index.shtml">Archived</a> from the original on 28 March 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 May</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=kunming.cn&rft.atitle=Sister+Cities&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fkunming.cn%2Fen%2Fsister_cities%2Findex.shtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYangon" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-139"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-139">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200711235905/http://wqb.nanning.gov.cn/xxgk/sjfb/t1454179.html">"南宁市国际友城名单及分布图"</a>. <i>nanning.gov.cn</i> (in Chinese). Nanning. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://wqb.nanning.gov.cn/xxgk/sjfb/t1454179.html">the original</a> on 11 July 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 January</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=nanning.gov.cn&rft.atitle=%E5%8D%97%E5%AE%81%E5%B8%82%E5%9B%BD%E9%99%85%E5%8F%8B%E5%9F%8E%E5%90%8D%E5%8D%95%E5%8F%8A%E5%88%86%E5%B8%83%E5%9B%BE&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwqb.nanning.gov.cn%2Fxxgk%2Fsjfb%2Ft1454179.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYangon" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-140"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-140">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220727112748/https://dfa.gov.ph/dfa-news/news-from-our-foreign-service-postsupdate/11660-quezon-city-and-yangon-region-ink-sister-city-agreement">"Quezon City and Yangon Region Ink Sister City Agreement"</a>. <i>dfa.gov.ph</i>. Department of Foreign Affairs. 6 February 2017. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dfa.gov.ph/dfa-news/news-from-our-foreign-service-postsupdate/11660-quezon-city-and-yangon-region-ink-sister-city-agreement">the original</a> on 27 July 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 May</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=dfa.gov.ph&rft.atitle=Quezon+City+and+Yangon+Region+Ink+Sister+City+Agreement&rft.date=2017-02-06&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdfa.gov.ph%2Fdfa-news%2Fnews-from-our-foreign-service-postsupdate%2F11660-quezon-city-and-yangon-region-ink-sister-city-agreement&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYangon" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-141"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-141">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.elevenmyanmar.com/news/authorities-plan-yangon-to-yunnan-direct-flight">"Authorities plan Yangon to Yunnan direct flight"</a>. <i>elevenmyanmar.com</i>. Eleven Media Group. 24 February 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=elevenmyanmar.com&rft.atitle=Authorities+plan+Yangon+to+Yunnan+direct+flight&rft.date=2024-02-24&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.elevenmyanmar.com%2Fnews%2Fauthorities-plan-yangon-to-yunnan-direct-flight&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYangon" class="Z3988"></span><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot"><span title=" Dead link tagged May 2024">permanent dead link</span></a></i><span style="visibility:hidden; color:transparent; padding-left:2px">‍</span>]</span></sup></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bibliography">Bibliography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Yangon&action=edit&section=39" title="Edit section: Bibliography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Yangon#Bibliography" title="Timeline of Yangon">Bibliography of the history of Yangon</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Yangon&action=edit&section=40" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><span class="cs1-ws-icon" title="s:1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Rangoon"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/1911_Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica/Rangoon">"Rangoon" </a></span>. <i><a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica_Eleventh_Edition" title="Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition">Encyclopædia Britannica</a></i> (11th ed.). 1911.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Rangoon&rft.btitle=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica&rft.edition=11th&rft.date=1911&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYangon" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://maps.google.com/maps?ll=16.813545,96.170197&spn=0.166014,0.234180&t=k&hl=en">Satellite picture</a> by <a href="/wiki/Google_Maps" title="Google Maps">Google Maps</a></li></ul> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236088147">.mw-parser-output .sister-bar{display:flex;justify-content:center;align-items:baseline;font-size:88%;background-color:#fdfdfd;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;clear:both;margin:1em 0 0;padding:0 2em}.mw-parser-output .sister-bar-header{margin:0 1em 0 0.5em;padding:0.2em 0;flex:0 0 auto;min-height:24px;line-height:22px}.mw-parser-output .sister-bar-content{display:flex;flex-flow:row wrap;flex:0 1 auto;align-items:baseline;padding:0.2em 0;column-gap:1em;margin:0;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .sister-bar-item{display:flex;align-items:baseline;margin:0.15em 0;min-height:24px;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .sister-bar-logo{width:22px;line-height:22px;margin:0 0.2em;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .sister-bar-link{margin:0 0.2em;text-align:left}@media screen and (max-width:960px){.mw-parser-output .sister-bar{flex-flow:column wrap;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .sister-bar-header{flex:0 1}.mw-parser-output .sister-bar-content{flex:1;border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;margin:0;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .sister-bar-item{flex:0 0 20em;min-width:20em}}.mw-parser-output .navbox+link+.sister-bar,.mw-parser-output .navbox+style+.sister-bar,.mw-parser-output .portal-bar+link+.sister-bar,.mw-parser-output .portal-bar+style+.sister-bar,.mw-parser-output .sister-bar+.navbox-styles+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .sister-bar+.navbox-styles+.portal-bar{margin-top:-1px}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sister-bar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="noprint metadata sister-bar" role="navigation" aria-label="sister-projects"><div class="sister-bar-header"><b>Yangon</b> at Wikipedia's <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Wikimedia_sister_projects" title="Wikipedia:Wikimedia sister projects"><span id="sister-projects" style="white-space:nowrap;">sister projects</span></a>:</div><ul class="sister-bar-content"><li class="sister-bar-item"><span class="sister-bar-logo"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/14px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="14" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/21px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/28px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></span><span class="sister-bar-link"><b><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%9B%E1%80%94%E1%80%BA%E1%80%80%E1%80%AF%E1%80%94%E1%80%BA%E1%80%99%E1%80%BC%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%B7" class="extiw" title="c:ရန်ကုန်မြို့">Media</a></b> from Commons</span></li><li class="sister-bar-item"><span class="sister-bar-logo"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/19px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="19" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/29px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/38px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="193" data-file-height="193" /></span></span></span><span class="sister-bar-link"><b><a href="https://en.wikivoyage.org/wiki/Yangon" class="extiw" title="voy:Yangon">Travel guides</a></b> from Wikivoyage</span></li></ul></div> <table class="wikitable succession-box noprint" style="margin:0.5em auto; font-size:small;clear:both;"> <tbody><tr> <td colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #FFD700; text-align:center;"><div>Yangon </div> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Mawlamyaing" class="mw-redirect" title="Mawlamyaing">Mawlamyaing</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sittwe" title="Sittwe">Sittwe</a>, Yangon</div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/Capital_of_Burma" class="mw-redirect" title="Capital of Burma">Capital of British Burma</a> </b><br />31 January 1862 – 7 March 1942<br />3 May 1945 – 4 January 1948 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold">End of British rule</div> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold">Yangon</div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/Capital_of_Burma" class="mw-redirect" title="Capital of Burma">Capital of Japanese Burma</a> </b><br />7 March 1942 – 3 May 1945 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold">End of Japanese rule</div> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold">Yangon</div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/Capital_of_Myanmar" class="mw-redirect" title="Capital of Myanmar">Capital of Myanmar</a> </b><br />4 January 1948 – 6 November 2005 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Naypyidaw" title="Naypyidaw">Naypyidaw</a></div> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Articles_related_to_Yangon93" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#e8e8ff;"><div id="Articles_related_to_Yangon93" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Articles related to Yangon</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;font-size:114%"><div style="padding:0px"> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist 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li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Districts/Townships_of_Yangon259" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible uncollapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Townships_of_Yangon" title="Template:Townships of Yangon"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Townships_of_Yangon" title="Template talk:Townships of Yangon"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Townships_of_Yangon" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Townships of Yangon"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Districts/Townships_of_Yangon259" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Districts/Townships of Yangon</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><b>Capital</b>: <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Yangon</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/East_Yangon_District" title="East Yangon District">East Yangon District</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Botataung_Township" title="Botataung Township">Botataung Township</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dagon_Seikkan_Township" title="Dagon Seikkan Township">Dagon Seikkan Township</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/East_Dagon_Township" title="East Dagon Township">East Dagon Township</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/North_Dagon_Township" title="North Dagon Township">North Dagon Township</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/North_Okkalapa_Township" title="North Okkalapa Township">North Okkalapa Township</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Pazundaung_Township" title="Pazundaung Township">Pazundaung Township</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/South_Dagon_Township" title="South Dagon Township">South Dagon Township</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/South_Okkalapa_Township" title="South Okkalapa Township">South Okkalapa Township</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Thingangyun_Township" title="Thingangyun Township">Thingangyun Township</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Dawbon_Township" title="Dawbon Township">Dawbon Township</a></i><sup>1</sup></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Mingala_Taungnyunt_Township" title="Mingala Taungnyunt Township">Mingala Taungnyunt Township</a></i><sup>1</sup></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Tamwe_Township" title="Tamwe Township">Tamwe Township</a></i><sup>1</sup></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Thaketa_Township" title="Thaketa Township">Thaketa Township</a></i><sup>1</sup></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Yankin_Township" title="Yankin Township">Yankin Township</a></i><sup>1</sup></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/North_Yangon_District" title="North Yangon District">North Yangon District</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Hlaingthaya_Township" title="Hlaingthaya Township">Hlaingthaya Township</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Insein_Township" title="Insein Township">Insein Township</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Mingaladon_Township" title="Mingaladon Township">Mingaladon Township</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Shwepyitha_Township" title="Shwepyitha Township">Shwepyitha Township</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hlegu_Township" title="Hlegu Township">Hlegu Township</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hmawbi_Township" title="Hmawbi Township">Hmawbi Township</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Htantabin_Township" title="Htantabin Township">Htantabin Township</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taikkyi_Township" title="Taikkyi Township">Taikkyi Township</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/South_Yangon_District" title="South Yangon District">South Yangon District</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Dala_Township" title="Dala Township">Dala Township</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Seikkyi_Kanaungto_Township" title="Seikkyi Kanaungto Township">Seikkyi Kanaungto Township</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cocokyun_Township" title="Cocokyun Township">Cocokyun Township</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kawhmu_Township" title="Kawhmu Township">Kawhmu Township</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kayan_Township" title="Kayan Township">Kayan Township</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kungyangon_Township" title="Kungyangon Township">Kungyangon Township</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kyauktan_Township" title="Kyauktan Township">Kyauktan Township</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thanlyin_Township" class="mw-redirect" title="Thanlyin Township">Thanlyin Township</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thongwa_Township" title="Thongwa Township">Thongwa Township</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Twante_Township" title="Twante Township">Twante Township</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tada_Subtownship&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tada Subtownship (page does not exist)">Tada Subtownship</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/West_Yangon_District" title="West Yangon District">West Yangon District</a><br />(Downtown)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Ahlon_Township" title="Ahlon Township">Ahlon Township</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Bahan_Township" title="Bahan Township">Bahan Township</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Dagon_Township" title="Dagon Township">Dagon Township</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Kyauktada_Township" title="Kyauktada Township">Kyauktada Township</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Kyimyindaing_Township" title="Kyimyindaing Township">Kyimyindaing Township</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Lanmadaw_Township" title="Lanmadaw Township">Lanmadaw Township</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Latha_Township" title="Latha Township">Latha Township</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Pabedan_Township" title="Pabedan Township">Pabedan Township</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Sanchaung_Township" title="Sanchaung Township">Sanchaung Township</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Seikkan_Township" title="Seikkan Township">Seikkan Township</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Hlaing_Township" title="Hlaing Township">Hlaing Township</a></i><sup>2</sup></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Kamayut_Township" title="Kamayut Township">Kamayut Township</a></i><sup>2</sup></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Mayangon_Township" title="Mayangon Township">Mayangon Township</a></i><sup>2</sup></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><sup>1</sup> - part of South Yangon City; <sup>2</sup> - part of North Yangon City</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Yangon_Region257" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible expanded navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Yangon_Region" title="Template:Yangon Region"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Yangon_Region" title="Template talk:Yangon Region"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Yangon_Region" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Yangon Region"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Yangon_Region257" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Yangon_Region" title="Yangon Region">Yangon Region</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div><b>Capital</b>: <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Yangon</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/East_Yangon_District" title="East Yangon District">East Yangon District</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Botataung_Township" title="Botataung Township">Botataung Township</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dagon_Seikkan_Township" title="Dagon Seikkan Township">Dagon Seikkan Township</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/East_Dagon_Township" title="East Dagon Township">East Dagon Township</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/North_Dagon_Township" title="North Dagon Township">North Dagon Township</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/North_Okkalapa_Township" title="North Okkalapa Township">North Okkalapa Township</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Pazundaung_Township" title="Pazundaung Township">Pazundaung Township</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/South_Dagon_Township" title="South Dagon Township">South Dagon Township</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/South_Okkalapa_Township" title="South Okkalapa Township">South Okkalapa Township</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Thingangyun_Township" title="Thingangyun Township">Thingangyun Township</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Dawbon_Township" title="Dawbon Township">Dawbon Township</a></i><sup>1</sup></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Mingala_Taungnyunt_Township" title="Mingala Taungnyunt Township">Mingala Taungnyunt Township</a></i><sup>1</sup></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Tamwe_Township" title="Tamwe Township">Tamwe Township</a></i><sup>1</sup></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Thaketa_Township" title="Thaketa Township">Thaketa Township</a></i><sup>1</sup></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Yankin_Township" title="Yankin Township">Yankin Township</a></i><sup>1</sup></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="5" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Yangon_Region.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_Yangon_Region.svg/150px-Flag_of_Yangon_Region.svg.png" decoding="async" width="150" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_Yangon_Region.svg/225px-Flag_of_Yangon_Region.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_Yangon_Region.svg/300px-Flag_of_Yangon_Region.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span><br /><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Burma_Yangon_locator_map.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Burma_Yangon_locator_map.png/150px-Burma_Yangon_locator_map.png" decoding="async" width="150" height="315" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Burma_Yangon_locator_map.png/225px-Burma_Yangon_locator_map.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Burma_Yangon_locator_map.png/300px-Burma_Yangon_locator_map.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="2100" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/North_Yangon_District" title="North Yangon District">North Yangon District</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Hlaingthaya_Township" title="Hlaingthaya Township">Hlaingthaya Township</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Insein_Township" title="Insein Township">Insein Township</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Mingaladon_Township" title="Mingaladon Township">Mingaladon Township</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Shwepyitha_Township" title="Shwepyitha Township">Shwepyitha Township</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hlegu_Township" title="Hlegu Township">Hlegu Township</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hmawbi_Township" title="Hmawbi Township">Hmawbi Township</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Htantabin_Township" title="Htantabin Township">Htantabin Township</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taikkyi_Township" title="Taikkyi Township">Taikkyi Township</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/South_Yangon_District" title="South Yangon District">South Yangon District</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Dala_Township" title="Dala Township">Dala Township</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Seikkyi_Kanaungto_Township" title="Seikkyi Kanaungto Township">Seikkyi Kanaungto Township</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cocokyun_Township" title="Cocokyun Township">Cocokyun Township</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kawhmu_Township" title="Kawhmu Township">Kawhmu Township</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kayan_Township" title="Kayan Township">Kayan Township</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kungyangon_Township" title="Kungyangon Township">Kungyangon Township</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kyauktan_Township" title="Kyauktan Township">Kyauktan Township</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thanlyin_Township" class="mw-redirect" title="Thanlyin Township">Thanlyin Township</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thongwa_Township" title="Thongwa Township">Thongwa Township</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Twante_Township" title="Twante Township">Twante Township</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tada_Subtownship&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tada Subtownship (page does not exist)">Tada Subtownship</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/West_Yangon_District" title="West Yangon District">West Yangon District</a><br />(Downtown)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Ahlon_Township" title="Ahlon Township">Ahlon Township</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Bahan_Township" title="Bahan Township">Bahan Township</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Dagon_Township" title="Dagon Township">Dagon Township</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Kyauktada_Township" title="Kyauktada Township">Kyauktada Township</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Kyimyindaing_Township" title="Kyimyindaing Township">Kyimyindaing Township</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Lanmadaw_Township" title="Lanmadaw Township">Lanmadaw Township</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Latha_Township" title="Latha Township">Latha Township</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Pabedan_Township" title="Pabedan Township">Pabedan Township</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Sanchaung_Township" title="Sanchaung Township">Sanchaung Township</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Seikkan_Township" title="Seikkan Township">Seikkan Township</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Hlaing_Township" title="Hlaing Township">Hlaing Township</a></i><sup>2</sup></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Kamayut_Township" title="Kamayut Township">Kamayut Township</a></i><sup>2</sup></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Mayangon_Township" title="Mayangon Township">Mayangon Township</a></i><sup>2</sup></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Main cities and towns</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hlegu" title="Hlegu">Hlegu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kawhmu" class="mw-redirect" title="Kawhmu">Kawhmu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kyauktan,_Yangon" class="mw-redirect" title="Kyauktan, Yangon">Kyauktan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taikkyi" class="mw-redirect" title="Taikkyi">Taikkyi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thongwa" class="mw-redirect" title="Thongwa">Thongwa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thanlyin" title="Thanlyin">Thanlyin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Twante" class="mw-redirect" title="Twante">Twante</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Yangon</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div><sup>1</sup> - part of South Yangon City; <sup>2</sup> - part of North Yangon City</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Administrative_divisions_of_Myanmar258" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Administrative_divisions_of_Myanmar" title="Template:Administrative divisions of Myanmar"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Administrative_divisions_of_Myanmar" title="Template talk:Administrative divisions of Myanmar"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Administrative_divisions_of_Myanmar" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Administrative divisions of Myanmar"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Administrative_divisions_of_Myanmar258" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Administrative_divisions_of_Myanmar" title="Administrative divisions of Myanmar">Administrative divisions of Myanmar</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">States</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chin_State" title="Chin State">Chin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kachin_State" title="Kachin State">Kachin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kayah_State" title="Kayah State">Kayah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kayin_State" title="Kayin State">Kayin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mon_State" title="Mon State">Mon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rakhine_State" title="Rakhine State">Rakhine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shan_State" title="Shan State">Shan</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="5" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Myanmar" title="Myanmar"><img alt="Myanmar" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Flag_of_Myanmar.svg/50px-Flag_of_Myanmar.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="33" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Flag_of_Myanmar.svg/75px-Flag_of_Myanmar.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Flag_of_Myanmar.svg/100px-Flag_of_Myanmar.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></a></span></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Regions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ayeyarwady_Region" title="Ayeyarwady Region">Ayeyarwady</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bago_Region" title="Bago Region">Bago</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magway_Region" title="Magway Region">Magway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mandalay_Region" title="Mandalay Region">Mandalay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sagaing_Region" title="Sagaing Region">Sagaing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tanintharyi_Region" title="Tanintharyi Region">Tanintharyi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yangon_Region" title="Yangon Region">Yangon</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Self-Administered Zones</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Danu_Self-Administered_Zone" title="Danu Self-Administered Zone">Danu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kokang_Self-Administered_Zone" title="Kokang Self-Administered Zone">Kokang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naga_Self-Administered_Zone" title="Naga Self-Administered Zone">Naga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pa_Laung_Self-Administered_Zone" title="Pa Laung Self-Administered Zone">Pa Laung</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pa-O_Self-Administered_Zone" class="mw-redirect" title="Pa-O Self-Administered Zone">Pa-O</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Self-Administered Divisions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wa_Self-Administered_Division" title="Wa Self-Administered Division">Wa</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Union Territories</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Naypyidaw_Union_Territory" title="Naypyidaw Union Territory">Naypyidaw</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Flag_of_Myanmar.svg/16px-Flag_of_Myanmar.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Flag_of_Myanmar.svg/24px-Flag_of_Myanmar.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Flag_of_Myanmar.svg/32px-Flag_of_Myanmar.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Myanmar" title="Portal:Myanmar">Myanmar portal</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=Myanmar&#124;link=Myanmar_Myanmar_cities_with_a_100,000+_population279" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Most_populous_cities_in_Myanmar" title="Template:Most populous cities in Myanmar"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Most_populous_cities_in_Myanmar" title="Template talk:Most populous cities in Myanmar"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Most_populous_cities_in_Myanmar" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Most populous cities in Myanmar"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=Myanmar&#124;link=Myanmar_Myanmar_cities_with_a_100,000+_population279" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Myanmar" title="Myanmar"><img alt="Myanmar" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Flag_of_Myanmar.svg/23px-Flag_of_Myanmar.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Flag_of_Myanmar.svg/35px-Flag_of_Myanmar.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Flag_of_Myanmar.svg/45px-Flag_of_Myanmar.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_and_largest_towns_in_Myanmar" title="List of cities and largest towns in Myanmar">Myanmar cities with a 100,000+ population</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2,000,000 and more</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Yangon</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1,000,000–1,999,999</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mandalay" title="Mandalay">Mandalay</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">500,000–999,999</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Naypyidaw" title="Naypyidaw">Naypyidaw</a> (capital)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">200,000–499,999</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bago,_Myanmar" title="Bago, Myanmar">Bago</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taunggyi" title="Taunggyi">Taunggyi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mawlamyine" title="Mawlamyine">Mawlamyine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Myitkyina" title="Myitkyina">Myitkyina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monywa" title="Monywa">Monywa</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">100,000–199,999</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pathein" title="Pathein">Pathein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pyay" title="Pyay">Pyay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Myeik,_Myanmar" title="Myeik, Myanmar">Myeik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meiktila" title="Meiktila">Meiktila</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taungoo" title="Taungoo">Taungoo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sittwe" title="Sittwe">Sittwe</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37995#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata1675" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37995#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata1675" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37995#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/136635929">VIAF</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/1208575/">FAST</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/4133122-9">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n80053296">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb11988812n">France</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb11988812n">BnF data</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nla.gov.au/anbd.aut-an35727247">Australia</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Rangún (Myanma)"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=ge679610&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" 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